William of Tyre: HISTORIA RERUM IN PARTIBUS TRANSMARINIS GESTARUM

Transcursis igitur circa partes Ciliciae mensibus hibernis, vere jam reducto, et gratam exercitibus referente temperiem, missa voce praeconia, et edicto imperiali publice mandatur primiceriis, centurionibus, quinquagenariis legionum, iterum cohortes instrui, instrumenta bellica reparari, armis accingi populum universum. Praemissis ergo legationibus dominus princeps, dominus quoque comes Edessanus, aliique illarum partium primores invitantur, ut cum domino imperatore proficiscantur ad praelia. Quibus undique conglobatis, quasi circa Kal.

Therefore, the winter months having been run through around the parts of Cilicia, with spring now brought back and bringing to the armies a welcome temperateness, proclamations having been sent forth by a herald’s voice, and by imperial edict it is publicly enjoined upon the primicerii, centurions, quinquagenaries of the legions, that the cohorts be arrayed again, the war-instruments be repaired, the whole populace be girded with arms. Embassies therefore being sent ahead, the lord Prince, and the lord Count of Edessa, and the other chiefs of those parts are invited, that they may set out with the lord emperor to the battles. When these had been massed from every side, as if about the Kal.

Aprilis, tubarum stridore, clangore tympanorum, exercitus universus, ut pactis inter se et principem prius initis, satisfaciant, versus Caesaream acies dirigi praecipit, et fines hostium ingressus, paucis evolutis diebus, ante praedictam urbem castrametatus est. His auditis, princeps et comes, convocatis ex universa regione suorum copiis, imperatorem sub omni celeritate sequentes, subito cum suis ante supra nominatam civitatem, paribus accensi desideriis adfuerunt. Est autem praedicta civitas, inter montem et fluvium, qui Antiochiam praeterfluit, fere in modum Antiochiae sita, partem sui maximam in plano usque ad flumen habens; partem quoque in declivo montis; praesidium vero in montis fastigio imminens, humanis inexpugnabile viribus est constitutum.

In April, at the shriek of trumpets and the clang of kettledrums, the entire army, so that they might satisfy the terms previously entered into between themselves and the prince, is ordered to direct its battle-lines toward Caesarea; and having entered the borders of the enemy, after a few days had passed, it encamped before the aforesaid city. When these things were heard, the prince and the count, having summoned their forces from the whole region, following the emperor with all speed, suddenly appeared with their men before the above-named city, inflamed with equal desires. Now the aforesaid city is situated, between a mountain and the river which flows past Antioch, almost in the manner of Antioch, having the greater part of itself on the plain down to the river; a part also on the slope of the mountain; but the garrison, overhanging on the summit of the mountain, is established unassailable by human forces.

Unde a laeva et a dextra demissis usque in fluvium moenibus, civitas ambitur cum suburbio sibi adjacente. Transito itaque fluvio, dispositisque in gyrum agminibus, ex ea parte unde civitas suburbio ante se posito habilior ad impugnandum videbatur, urbem vallat obsidione. Hic demum machinis congrua provisione dispositis, turres ac moenia, et infra muros civium domicilia gravium immissione molarium, incessanter concutiunt, et crebris ictibus et vicaria immissorum cautium repetitione, non sine multa inhabitantium strage funditus dejiciunt, in quibus erat defensionis spes maxima, aedificiorum munimina.

Whence, with the walls let down on the left and on the right as far as the river, the city is encompassed together with the suburb lying adjacent to it. The river therefore having been crossed, and the columns arranged in a ring, from that side whence the city, with the suburb placed before it, seemed more habilis for assailing, he girds the city with a siege. Here at last, the engines having been disposed with suitable provision, they incessantly shake the towers and the walls, and the dwellings of the citizens within the walls, by the discharge of heavy millstones, and with frequent blows and an alternate repetition of the hurled rocks, they utterly cast down to the foundations the bulwarks of the buildings, in which was the greatest hope of defense.

Urgebat dominus imperator, sicut erat vir magnanimus, studio fervente propositum, et propositis braviis, adolescentium gloriae cupidos, ad certamina et congressus Martios accendebat animos; lorica quoque indutus et accinctus gladio, casside caput tectus aurea medius immistus agminibus, nunc hos, nunc illos sermonibus hortatur congruis; nunc exemplo tanquam unus e popularibus provocat, et instat viriliter, ut alios ad instandum reddat animosiores. Sic igitur vir egregia animositate insignis, sine intermissione discurrens, aestus belli a prima diei hora usque ad novissimam sustinens, nihil sibi quietis, ut vel cibum sumeret indulgebat; sed aut hos qui machinis deserviebant, ut frequentius et directius jacularentur, admonebat; aut iis qui in conflictibus desudabant, addebat animos, per vicarias successiones vires reparans, et pro deficientibus recentes surrogans, et integris conatibus validos. Princeps autem et comes, ut dicitur, adolescentes ambo, et illius aetatis laevioribus nimium tracti studiis, caeteris in praelio et re militari desudantibus, aleam ludebant, non sine damno rei familiaris, assidue; et circa bellorum studia remissius se habentes, caeteros quoque a fervore instantiae, suo revocabant exemplo.

The lord emperor, as he was a magnanimous man, was pressing the plan with fervent zeal, and, with prizes set forth, he inflamed the spirits of the youths, eager for glory, to martial contests and encounters; clad also in a cuirass and girt with a sword, his head covered with a golden casque, mingled in the midst among the ranks, now these, now those, he exhorts with fitting words; now by example, as though one of the common people, he provokes and presses on manfully, that he may render others more eager to press on. Thus then the man, distinguished by outstanding spiritedness, running about without intermission, sustaining the heat of war from the first hour of the day to the last, granted himself no rest, not even to take food; but either reminded those who were serving the engines to hurl more frequently and more directly, or added courage to those who were sweating in the clashes, restoring strength by vicariant successions, and for those flagging he put in fresh men, and men strong with unbroken efforts. The prince and the count, however, both young men, and, as it is said, drawn too much by the lighter pursuits of that age, while the rest were sweating in battle and in the military art, were playing dice continually, not without damage to their private fortune; and, holding themselves more remissly in regard to the studies of war, by their example they also called others back from the fervor of pressing on.

Quod audiens imperator, et facto eorum pernicioso nimis motus, interius eos semel et secundo, familiari et secreta commonitione, revocare studuit, exemplum sui proponens, qui cum regum terrae et principum omnium esset potentissimus; nec labori proprii parcebat corporis, nec immensis sumptibus. Tandem cum per dies aliquot in hujusmodi congressionibus et assiduis conflictibus perseverasset exercitus, indignatus imperator, quod incomparabilibus ejus copiis urbs pusilla tam diu posset resistere, affectus taedio, moram arguens, suorum accusans desidiam, ad fortiores animat insultus, et congressus ingeminans, acrius instare praecipit. Dumque urbis effractioni certatim instant, suburbium praedictum, quod in inferiore civitatis parte situm esse diximus, cominus effractum occupant violenter, civibus qui ibi reperti sunt, non parcentes, nisi forte qui ex eis verbo vel habitu, vel quovis signo Christianam professionem se esse sectaturum designaret.

Hearing this, the emperor, and stirred by their deed as too pernicious, strove privately to recall them once and again by a familiar and secret admonition, setting forth the example of himself—who, though he was the most powerful of the kings of the earth and of all princes, spared neither the labor of his own body nor immense expenditures. At length, when for several days the army had persevered in such encounters and assiduous conflicts, the emperor, indignant that so small a city could resist so long his incomparables forces, being affected by weariness, arraigning the delay and accusing his men’s sloth, animates them to stronger assaults; and, redoubling the engagements, he bids them to press more sharply. And while they press in rivalry upon the breach of the city, they violently seize at close quarters the aforesaid suburb, which, situated in the lower part of the city, we have said; having been broken open, they occupy it, not sparing the citizens who were found there, unless perhaps someone of them by word or by habit, or by any sign, would designate that he would follow the Christian profession.

Multos enim fideles habebat et habuerat ab initio civitas illa habitatores, qui sub miserae servitutis jugo ab infidelibus dominis premebantur indebite.

For that city had, and from the beginning had had, many faithful inhabitants, who under the yoke of wretched servitude were unduly oppressed by infidel masters.

CAPUT II. Indignatus idem, imperfecto negotio obsidionem solvit Antiochiam reversus.

CHAPTER 2. The same man, indignant, with the business unfinished, raised the siege, returning to Antioch.

Sic ergo civitate ex parte quadam impugnata, timentes cives, violentas hostium in uxores et liberos et urbis penetralia irruptiones, pacem ad tempus postulant modicum, et impetrant postulatam. Erat porro illius civitatis dominus quidam nobilis homo, Arabs natione, Machedolus nomine; hic missis occulte ad imperatorem nuntiis, pro salute urbis et civium indemnitate, profusis cum omni humilitate supplicat precibus, et infinitam spondens pro eodem pecuniam. Indignatus enim imperator, quod princeps et comes ita dissolute et negligenter in expeditione se habuerant, eoque praecipue quod pro eorum negotio et implenda promissione videbatur laborare, maximum contra eos rancorem conceperat; et promissam eorum fidelitatem, tanquam sine operibus mortuam, magis splendidam quam solidam, pro nihilo ducens, firmissime apud se, cum paucis familiaribus, praeordinaverat, quod in odium eorum, et infidelitatis poenam, oblata qualibet occasione, quae aliquam saltem honestatis speciem videretur praetendere, soluta obsidione, ad propria rediret.

Thus then, with the city assailed from a certain quarter, the citizens, fearing violent irruptions of the enemies into their wives and children and the city’s penetralia, ask for peace for a little time, and obtain what they asked. Now the lord of that city was a certain noble man, an Arab by nation, by name Machedolus; he, having secretly sent messengers to the emperor, for the safety of the city and the indemnity of the citizens, with prayers poured out in all humility supplicates, and pledges an infinite sum of money for the same. For the emperor, indignant that the prince and the count had carried themselves so dissolutely and negligently in the expedition, and especially because he seemed to be laboring for their business and for the fulfilling of their promise, had conceived the greatest rancor against them; and their promised fidelity, as dead without works, more splendid than solid, counting it as nothing, he had most firmly preordained with a few familiars that, in hatred of them and as the punishment of infidelity, upon any occasion offered which might seem to put forward at least some appearance of honesty, the siege being raised, he would return to his own.

Suscepta igitur pacta pro dissolvenda obsidione pecunia, edicitur publica voce praeconia obsessis pax; et legionibus mandatur ut ad reditum se praeparent. Sicque solutis castris imperator versus Antiochiam, acies praecipit dirigi et universus illuc exercitus properare. Audientes hoc princeps et comes, sero ducti poenitentia, dominum imperatorem ab incoepto revocare nituntur; sed perseverat in proposito, quod irrevocabiliter conceperat imperator; spretisque eorum persuasionibus, iter accelerat.

Accordingly, the money having been accepted as agreed for dissolving the siege, by public proclamation of the herald peace is declared to the besieged; and it is commanded to the legions that they prepare themselves for return. And so, the camp being broken up, the emperor, turned toward Antioch, orders the battle-line to be directed, and the whole army to hasten thither. Hearing this, the prince and the count, too late drawn by penitence, strive to recall the lord emperor from his commencement; but he perseveres in the purpose which the emperor had conceived irrevocably, and, their persuasions scorned, he quickens the march.

Dicebatur comes in eo malitiose nimis versatus; nam occulto, sed postmodum clare patuit, adversus dominum suum, principem videlicet, ducebatur odio, et incrementum ejus habens omne suspectum, seducebat imprudentioris adolescentis animum, ipse versutior; ad id toto contendens studio, ut princeps imperatoris indignationem mereretur, ne per eum ad majora proveheretur compendia.

The count was said to have maneuvered in this matter with excessive malice; for in secret—though afterwards it was clearly evident—he was borne by hatred against his lord, namely the prince, and, having every increment of the latter’s advancement suspect, he—the more wily—was seducing the mind of the more imprudent adolescent, striving with all his zeal to this end: that the prince might merit the emperor’s indignation, lest through him he be advanced to greater advantages.

CAPUT III. Imperator a principe civitatis repetit praesidium, quasi moram in regione facturus.

CHAPTER 3. The emperor requests again from the prince of the city a garrison, as if intending to make a stay in the region.

Perveniens igitur Antiochiam dominus imperator cum filiis suis et familiaribus, et militia non modica ad urbem ingressus, domino principe, dominoque comite stratoris officium exsequentibus, dominoque patriarcha cum universo clero et populo ordinata de more processione, in psalmis et hymnis, canticis et musicorum concentu instrumentorum cum plausu et exsultatione populorum, prius ad cathedralem ecclesiam, deinde ad palatium principis solemniter deductus est. Ubi cum per dies aliquot, balneis, et caeteris quae ad corpus pertinent recreationibus, tanquam dominus in domo, pro libero usus esset arbitrio, profusaque et pene prodiga tam in dominum principem et comitem, quam in eorum magnates, nec non et in cives indifferenter usus esset imperiali munificentia, principem simul et comitem, et omnes provinciae primores, ad se fecit evocari; quibus in praesentia sua constitutis, principem alloquitur, dicens: Nosti, dilectissime fili Raimunde, quomodo ob gratiam tui, ut juxta conventiones inter nostrum Deo amabile imperium, et fidelitatem tuam prius per prudentum virorum mediationem initas, tuum augeam principatum, et dilatem super hostes fidei nostrae possessiones tuas, diu jam in ista regione conversatus sum; et ecce opportunitate ingruente, tempus est ut promissa solvam, et omnem circumadjacentem regionem tuae subjiciam ditioni, sicut pactorum tenor manifestius edocet. Sed nosti optime, noverunt et isti, qui tecum in nostra assistunt praesentia, quod non est, quod tibi solvere tenemur, opus temporis modici; sed moram tua negotia videntur exigere diuturniorem et impensas ampliores deposcere.

Accordingly, the lord emperor, arriving at Antioch with his sons and household, and having entered the city with no small soldiery, the lord prince and the lord count performing the office of strator, and the lord patriarch with the whole clergy and people, a procession having been ordered according to custom, with psalms and hymns, songs and the harmony of musical instruments, with the applause and exultation of the peoples, he was solemnly conducted first to the cathedral church, then to the prince’s palace. Where, for several days, enjoying baths and the other recreations that pertain to the body, as a lord in a house, he used them at his free discretion; and, having used imperial munificence lavish and almost prodigal alike upon the lord prince and the count, as well as upon their magnates, and likewise upon the citizens without distinction, he caused the prince and the count together, and all the foremost men of the province, to be summoned to him; and when these had been set in his presence, he addresses the prince, saying: You know, dearest son Raymond, how, for the sake of favor toward you, that in accordance with the conventions entered between our God-beloved empire and your fidelity, previously through the mediation of prudent men, I might increase your principality and widen your possessions over the enemies of our faith, I have now for a long time sojourned in this region; and behold, with opportunity pressing on, it is time that I pay what was promised and subject all the surrounding region to your dominion, as the tenor of the pacts more plainly teaches. But you know full well—and these too know, who stand with you in our presence—that what we are bound to discharge to you is not a work of brief time; rather your affairs seem to require a longer delay and to demand larger expenses.

Oportet igitur ut civitatis hujus praesidium, sicut ex pacto teneris, nostrae deputes custodiae, ut in eo nostri tutius reponantur thesauri; urbem quoque nostris exercitibus perviam facias, ut liberam omnino intrandi egrediendique habeant sine difficultate licentiam. Nam de Tarso, vel Anavarza, vel aliis Ciliciae urbibus, non ita commode bellica parari possunt instrumenta, ad angustias et obsidionem Halapiae inferendam; aliamque praestat haec civitas iis usibus opportunitatem, longeque meliorem quam alia quaevis posset ministrare. Imple ergo promissum et juxta tenorem exhibitae fidelitatis, prosequere quod tuum est; nam nostrae erit eminentiae, id quod tibi tenemur exsolvere, larga interpretatione et superfluente mensura largiri.

It is expedient therefore that the garrison of this city, as by pact you are bound, you assign to our custody, that in it our treasures may be more safely stowed; and that you also make the city passable for our armies, so that they may have entirely free license of entering and going out without difficulty. For from Tarsus, or Anavarza, or the other cities of Cilicia, the instruments of war cannot so conveniently be prepared for bringing straits and a siege upon Aleppo; and this city affords an opportunity for those uses, and by far a better one than any other could furnish. Fulfill therefore the promise, and according to the tenor of the fealty exhibited, pursue what is yours; for it shall belong to our Eminence to bestow, with liberal interpretation and overflowing measure, that which we are bound to pay to you.

His dictis, princeps et sui, verbi acerbitate perterriti, diu haerentes quid super his responderent, cum multa anxietate secum volvebant quid ad hoc referrent. Durum enim videbatur et grave nimis, quod civitas tanto nostrae gentis acquisita periculo, tantoque sanguinis felicium principum dispendio Christianae fidei restituta, quae tantarum semper fuerat caput et moderatrix provinciarum, in manus effeminati Graecorum populi descenderet; nam sine ea reliquae regionis portiones nobis stare posse non videbantur. Iterum, id pactis domini principis insertum, nemo erat qui dubitaret; praeterea tot de suis intromiserat, quod non facile videbatur ei, vim inferre volenti, resistere posse.

With these things said, the prince and his men, terrified by the acerbity of the word, long hesitating as to what they should answer concerning these matters, with much anxiety were revolving with themselves what they should refer back in reply. For it seemed hard and too grievous that the city, acquired for our nation at so great a peril, and restored to the Christian faith at so great an dispend of the blood of fortunate princes, which had always been the head and moderatrix of so many provinces, should descend into the hands of the effeminate people of the Greeks; for without it the portions of the remaining region did not seem able to stand for us. Again, that this had been inserted in the lord prince’s pacts, there was no one who doubted; moreover, he had brought in so many of his own that it did not seem easy to be able to resist him, should he wish to apply force.

Sic igitur res in arcto posita erat, cum ecce comes Edessanus pro omnibus respondens, ita orsus est: Domine, sermo quem peroravit imperialis sublimitas vestra, divina redolet eloquentia, et omni acceptione dignus est; in nostrum enim totum illius tenorem videmus respicere penitus incrementum, sed res nova, novo indiget consilio, nec est in domino principe solum hoc effectui mancipare. Oportet enim ut cum suorum, mei videlicet, et aliorum suorum fidelium consilio, super hoc plenius deliberet, quomodo facilius verbum vestrum et postulatio debitum sortiatur effectum, ne tumultu plebis intercurrente, exsecutioni petitionum vestrarum futurae praestetur impedimentum. Placuit itaque domino imperatori comitis responsum; et datis ad modicum induciis ut dictae satisfieret deliberationi, comes domum regreditur, principe in palatio remanente, et sui ipsius, ut dicebatur, non habente potestatem.

Thus then the matter was placed in a strait, when behold, the Count of Edessa, answering for all, thus began: Lord, the discourse which your imperial Sublimity has perorated exhales divine eloquence, and is worthy of all acceptance; for we see that the whole tenor of it looks entirely to our increment; but a new thing needs new counsel, nor is it in the lord prince alone to consign this to effect. For it is expedient that, with the counsel of his own men—namely of mine—and of his other faithful, he deliberate more fully on this, how your word and request may more easily obtain their due effect, lest, with the tumult of the plebs intervening, an impediment be afforded to the future execution of your petitions. It pleased therefore the lord emperor, the count’s response; and, a short truce being given that the said deliberation might be satisfied, the count returns home, the prince remaining in the palace, and, as it was said, not having the power of his own disposal.

CAPUT IV. Excitatur in civitate tumultus; timet imperator et petitionem remittit; et sedatur scandalum, eodem ab urbe egresso.

CHAPTER 4. A tumult is excited in the city; the emperor fears and remits the petition; and the scandal is settled, the same having gone out from the city.

Comite igitur domum reverso, missis occulte nuntiis, qui populum universum, patefacta imperatoris postulatione, ad arma sollicitent, fit tumultus cum immoderato strepitu per urbem; et turbis undique convenientibus, clamor attolitur in immensum. Haec audiens comes, accepto equo velociter ad palatium festinans, tanquam popularium incursus fugiens, ante pedes imperatoris se dedit exanimem. Subito igitur comitis ingressu, imperator attonitus, quaerit diligenter quaenam sit causa, quod ita inordinate, praeter morem et disciplinam sacri palatii, ante majestatem irruperit imperialem. Respondit: necessitatem legem non habere; seque populi furentis insectatione coactum, ut mortis evitaret discrimen, contra morum regulas advenisse. Item saepius sciscitanti, ut causam diligentius aperiret, respondit: se gratia percipiendae quietis in hospitium declinasse, et ad id operam dare proposuisse, cum ecce subito universus civitatis populus, quasi vir unus ante domus januam cum gladiis et armis qualia furor ministrabat assistens, virum sanguinarium, proditorem patriae, plebis homicidam, coepit clamare; qui civitatem imperatori, sumpta inde pecunia vult vendere; comitem Edessanum sibi dari obviam velle; vixque eos jam effracta domo, cum mille periculis effugisse. Interea clamor per civitatem excitatur ingens, tumultus immoderatus, rumor celeberrimus omnium aures circumstrepit, civitatem Graecis venditam, praesidium jam eis traditum; cives, relictis avitis domibus et fundis paternis, migrare oportere.

With the count therefore having returned home, secret messengers were sent to incite the whole people to arms, the emperor’s petition having been laid open; a tumult arises with immoderate din through the city, and as crowds gather from every side, the clamor is lifted to the immeasurable. Hearing this, the count, taking a horse, hastened swiftly to the palace, as though fleeing the onrush of the commons, and cast himself lifeless at the emperor’s feet. On the count’s sudden entry, the emperor, thunderstruck, asks carefully what the cause might be, that thus inordinately, contrary to the custom and discipline of the sacred palace, he had burst in before the imperial majesty. He replied: that necessity has no law; and that he, compelled by the pursuit of a raging people, in order to avoid the peril of death, had come contrary to the rules of conduct. And when he kept asking again and again, that he might open the cause more carefully, he replied: that for the sake of taking rest he had turned aside into his lodging and had proposed to give his attention to that, when lo, suddenly the whole people of the city, as if one man, standing before the door of the house with swords and with such arms as frenzy supplied, began to shout “a bloodthirsty man, a traitor of the fatherland, a murderer of the commons, who wants to sell the city to the emperor, money having been taken therefrom; that the Count of Edessa be handed over to them”; and that he had scarcely escaped them—his house now broken into—with a thousand dangers. Meanwhile a vast clamor is stirred through the city, an immoderate tumult; a most renowned rumor rings around everyone’s ears, that the city has been sold to the Greeks, the garrison now handed over to them; that the citizens, leaving ancestral houses and paternal estates, must migrate.

His itaque rumoribus cives accensi, quoscunque de imperatore reperiunt familia, de equis dejiciunt, vi spoliant, verberibus afficiunt, resistere volentes, gladiis obtruncant; et usque in palatium principis, injurias et mortem fugientes, strictis gladiis insequuntur. Hoc strepitu civium, et suorum conclamantium vociferatione vehementi motus imperator, principem et magnates accersiri jubet, et mitigata pro tempore indignatione, timens ne contra se durius aliquid oriretur, sermonem, quem eodem die coram hominibus aliquantulum liberius dixerat, tangens ait: Memini me vobiscum hodie super uno verbo habuisse tractatum, unde fortasse scandalum hoc in populo dicitur obortum. Nunc autem noverit tam patrum quam plebis universitas, quod ex quo ita durum et difficile vobis videtur quod dixi, revoco sententiam, retracto quod proposui.

Thus inflamed by these rumors, the citizens, whomever they find of the emperor’s household, cast down from their horses, despoil by force, subject to beatings; those willing to resist they cut down with swords; and even up to the emperor’s palace they pursue, with drawn swords, those fleeing injuries and death. Moved by this din of the citizens, and by the vehement outcry of his own shouting men, the emperor orders the prince and the magnates to be summoned; and his indignation for the time being mitigated, fearing lest something more severe should arise against himself, touching upon the discourse which on the same day he had spoken somewhat more freely before men, he said: I remember that today I had with you a discussion about a single word, whence perhaps this scandal is said to have arisen among the people. Now, however, let the whole body both of the fathers and of the plebs know, that since what I said seems to you so hard and difficult, I revoke the sentence, I retract what I proposed.

Habetote vobis tam urbem totam, quam praesidium: sufficit imperio meo, statum temporum hactenus observatum continuare. Novi quod vere fideles mei sitis, nec a fidelitate promissa et praestita ulla dies unquam vos convellere poterit. Egredimini igitur et populum furentem compescite.

Have for yourselves both the whole city and the garrison: it suffices for my rule to continue the status of the times observed thus far. I know that you are truly my faithful ones, nor will any day ever be able to wrench you from the fidelity promised and rendered. Go forth, therefore, and restrain the raging people.

Quod si mora in civitate mea eis aliquatenus suspecta est, ne super haec moveantur, cras enim, auctore Domino, egrediemur.

But if the delay in my city is to them somewhat suspect, let them not be moved over these matters; for tomorrow, with the Lord as author, we shall go forth.

His dictis, laudant omnes domini imperatoris propositum; et extollunt usque ad sidera mentem providam, consilii altitudinem, consulti pectoris judicium. Et egredientes princeps et comes, et alii procerum primores, voce, manu, nutibus et signis tumultum sedare tentant; tandemque indicto silentio et plebe verbis amicis ad aliquam tranquillitatem redacta, domum eos redire, et armis depositis quiete degere rogant propensius. Quod et factum est.

With these things said, all praise the plan of the lord emperor; and they extol to the stars the provident mind, the altitude of counsel, the judgment of a well-advised breast. And going out, the prince and the count, and other foremost of the nobles, by voice, hand, nods, and signs attempt to settle the tumult; and at length, silence having been enjoined and the plebs by friendly words brought back to some tranquility, they more earnestly beseech them to return home, and, their arms laid down, to pass their life in quiet. Which also was done.

Dominus autem imperator, die sequente cum filiis et consanguineis et familiaribus egressus, ante urbem castra locari praecipit.

The lord emperor, on the following day, having gone out with his sons and kinsmen and familiars, orders the camp to be set up before the city.

CAPUT V. Mittuntur legati, qui indignationem imperatoris mitigent, et obtinent; imperator ad propria redit.

CHAPTER 5. Envoys are sent to mitigate the indignation of the emperor, and they succeed; the emperor returns to his own.

Scientes ergo hi quibus mens erat sanior, dominum imperatorem, licet more prudentis dissimulaverit, rancorem adversus principem et nobilium primores mente concepisse, tanquam eorum instinctu et occulta opera popularium tumultus et plebis scandalum esset excitatum; dirigunt reformandae pacis gratia idoneos ad hoc, et sensus habentes exercitatos, ad imperialem excellentiam nuntios, qui dominum principem et magnates regionis apud dominum imperatorem satagant excusatos habere; et super eo qui in populo excrevit tumultu, prorsus asserant innocentes. Qui ergo missi fuerant, in auditorium imperatoris intromissi, pro injuncto negotio verba facientes, allegare student et persuadere principis innocentiam, in hunc modum: Novit Augustalis apex, et imperialis eminentia nobis multo melius, quod in quolibet collegio, nedum in civitatibus et magnis hominum coetibus, non omnes pari splendent prudentia, nec pari sunt praediti disciplina; sed aliter et aliter affectis civibus, dispares mores, disparia sequuntur studia, ita ut, juxta prudentis verbum, verum sit quod dicitur:

Therefore those whose mind was sounder, knowing that the lord emperor—although he had dissembled after the manner of a prudent man—had conceived in his mind rancor against the prince and the chiefs of the nobles, as though at their instigation and by their hidden work the tumult of the populace and the scandal of the plebs had been stirred up, dispatch, for the sake of reforming peace, persons suitable for this and having exercised judgment, as messengers to the imperial excellence, who should make it their business to have the lord prince and the magnates of the region held excused with the lord emperor, and should altogether assert them innocent concerning the tumult which swelled up among the people. Therefore those who had been sent, admitted into the emperor’s auditorium, speaking words for the enjoined business, strive to allege and to persuade the innocence of the prince, in this manner: The Augustal apex and imperial eminence knows far better than we, that in any collegium—still more in cities and great coetus of men—not all shine with equal prudence, nor are they endowed with equal discipline; but with citizens variously affected, differing mores, differing pursuits follow, so that, according to the word of the prudent man, it is true what is said:

Tres mihi convivae prope dissentire videntur.

Three guests seem to me almost to dissent.

Et illud.

And that.

Quot homines, tot sententiae. Sed in hac tanta varietate morum dissimilium, prudentis est qualitatem distinguere meritorum, et congrua meritis praemia deputare. Juxta hanc rationem plebis indiscretae calor inconsultus, in damnum non debet redundare melius affectorum.

As many men, so many opinions. But in this so great a variety of dissimilar manners, it is for the prudent to distinguish the quality of merits, and to depute rewards congruent to merits. According to this rule the unadvised heat of the undiscriminating plebs ought not to redound to the harm of those better affected.

Usu enim inter homines solet evenire, ut plebs confusa, modum nesciens, rixas et tumultus consueverit incautius suscitare: idque in omnibus bene moratis urbibus, vetustam et usu approbatam longaevo consuetudinem obtinuisse certum est, ut patrum modestia populares comprimantur impetus, et ignara modi refrenetur audacia. Aliter, vulgi multo meliorem quam nobilium esse conditionem; turbae imprudentis confusionem quam discretorum experientiam, nisi majoribus colligere liceat peccata plebis inconsultae. Ignorante sane domino principe, nescientibus iis ad quorum nutum majora tractantur negotia, deliquit plebs indiscreta.

For by usage among men it is wont to come about that the confused plebs, not knowing the measure, has been accustomed incautiously to stir up quarrels and tumults; and it is certain that in all well-mannered cities an age-old custom, approved by long use, has obtained, that by the modesty of the fathers the popular impulses are checked, and boldness ignorant of measure is reined in. Otherwise, the condition of the vulgar would be much better than that of the nobles; the confusion of the imprudent throng than the experience of the discreet—were it not permitted to the elders to gather up for correction the sins of the ill-advised plebs. Assuredly, the indiscriminate plebs committed a delinquency, the lord prince being unaware, and those at whose nod the greater affairs are handled not knowing.

Poenas ergo toleret quas meruit, domino principe cum majoribus indemnibus conservatis: paratus est denique in argumentum suae innocentiae in finibus stare pactorum; et, si liceat, urbem cum praesidio in manus imperii transferre

Therefore let it endure the penalties which it has merited, with the lord prince and the elders preserved unharmed: he is prepared, finally, as an argument of his innocence, to stand within the bounds of the pacts; and, if it be permitted, to transfer the city with its garrison into the hands of the empire

His et similibus persuasus imperator, motum indignationis nimiae, quem de sola suspicione conceperat, humaniore sententia revocavit; accersitoque domino principe, nec non et comite cum proceribus, ad se familiariter praecipit introire; et detersa omni interjecti rancoris nebula, mutuae salutationis benigne suscipit et impendit affatum. Tandem eis innotescens quod causas haberet urgentissimas, quibus impellentibus eum domum redire oporteret; sumpta licentia, promissoque firmissime, quod iterum auctore Domino, pacta completurus, in manu valida esset rediturus, in Ciliciam universos dirigit exercitus. Unde, completis negotiis circa Ciliciam et Syriam, praeparatisque ad iter agminibus, ad propria reversus est.

Persuaded by these and similar things, the emperor recalled, by a more humane judgment, the movement of excessive indignation which he had conceived from mere suspicion; and, the lord prince having been summoned, and likewise the count with the nobles, he bids them enter to him in friendly fashion; and, with every cloud of the rancor that had come between wiped away, he kindly both receives and bestows the address of mutual salutation. At length making it known to them that he had most urgent causes, which, impelling, made it needful for him to return home; leave having been taken, and with a most firm promise that, with the Lord as author, he would return with a strong hand to complete the pacts, he directs all the armies into Cilicia. Whence, the affairs around Cilicia and Syria having been completed, and the columns prepared for the journey, he returned to his own.

CAPUT VI. Hierosolymorum rex ultra Jordanem praesidium obsidet et occupat violenter. Apud Thecuam nostri miserabiliter prosternuntur.

CHAPTER 6. The king of Jerusalem besieges a garrison beyond the Jordan and violently occupies it. At Thecua our men are miserably prostrated.

Interea dum haec circa Antiochiam geruntur, subsequente aestate, non post multum temporis intervallum, vir inclytus et magnus apud occidentales principes, dominus Theodoricus Flandrensium comes, domini regis gener, orationis et devotae peregrinationis gratia cum honesto nobilium virorum comitatu Hierosolymam venit, cujus adventum rex et populus universus multa cum hilaritate suscipientes, confisi de insigni et robusta, quam secum adduxerat militia, apponunt unanimiter cum domini patriarchae et aliorum regni principum consilio, trans Jordanem in finibus Ammonitarum juxta montem Galaad obsidere praesidium unum, nostris regionibus perniciosum valde. Erat autem praedictum municipium spelunca quaedam in latere montis eminentis maxime declivo sita, aditum habens pene inaccessibilem. Desuper vero immanissimum imminebat praecipitium, usque in infima subjacentis vallis, a vertice supereminentis promontorii contiguum.

Meanwhile, while these things are being transacted around Antioch, the following summer, not after a long interval of time, a renowned and great man among the western princes, Lord Theodoric, Count of the Flemings, the king’s son-in-law, for the sake of prayer and devout pilgrimage came to Jerusalem with an honorable retinue of noble men; whose arrival the king and the whole people, receiving with much cheerfulness, and trusting in the distinguished and robust soldiery which he had brought with him, determine unanimously, with the counsel of the lord patriarch and of the other princes of the realm, to besiege beyond the Jordan, in the borders of the Ammonites, near Mount Gilead, a certain garrison, very pernicious to our regions. Now the aforesaid municipium was a certain cave situated on the flank of a very steep, jutting mountain, having an approach almost inaccessible. From above, indeed, a most immense precipice loomed, contiguous from the summit of the overhanging promontory down to the lowest parts of the valley lying beneath.

Ex latere vero altrinsecus ad eamdem speluncam erat inter clivum superincumbentis altitudinis, et dictum praecipitium, artus et formidabilis. In hanc se collegerat furum manipulus nocens, et praedonum turba de finibus Moab, et Ammon, et Galaad, qui, praemissis exploratoribus locorum peritis, et per eos de statu regionum nostrarum plenius edocti, sumpta opportunitate frequentes irruptiones, clam, et plerumque periculosas nimis, nostris finibus inferebant. Quibus malis nostri volentes occurrere, proponunt, ut praemisimus, speluncam obsidere.

On the other side, along the flank, to that same cave there was, between the slope of the overhanging height and the said precipice, a narrow and formidable approach. Into this there had gathered a harmful band of thieves, and a crowd of brigands from the borders of Moab, and Ammon, and Gilead, who, with scouts skilled in the places sent ahead, and through them more fully instructed about the state of our regions, seizing the opportunity, were making frequent irruptions, secretly, and for the most part too dangerous, into our borders. Wishing to forestall these evils, our people propose, as we have premised, to besiege the cave.

Convocato igitur universo regni populo et copiis militaribus congregatis, transito Jordane, illuc perveniunt; et sicut regionis patiebatur inaequalitas, simul et angustia, aditus occupant, castra per circuitum locantes; et dispositis agminibus per gyrum, locum obsidione vallant. Legem itaque castrorum exsequentes, ad quaelibet nocendi se converterunt argumenta, obsessos modis quibus possunt arctantes, ut ad deditionem impellant; illi versa vice quidquid miseris rebus solet venire solertiae colligentes, in sui tuitionem vigilanter armantur. Dumque ibi pene omnis Christianus unanimiter desudaret exercitus, Turci quidam ex tempore opportunitatem nacti, videntes trans Jordanem universam regionem militia destitutam, hostilibus patere insidiis, Jordane transmisso, Hiericuntinam regionem relinquentes, a dextris, secus Asphaltem lacum, qui et mare Mortuum dicitur, incedentes, inde se ad montana conferentes, in eam provinciae partem irruperunt, quae tribu Judae olim cessit in sortem; et pervenientes ad civitatem prophetarum Amos et Habacuc, Tecuam nomine, incolis vacuam, violenter occupaverunt, paucis quos ibi repererunt occisis; fugerant enim loci illius habitatores, hostium adventu praecognito; et cum uxoribus et liberis, armentis et gregibus in speluncam Odollam, illis vicinam, se contulerant.

Therefore, the whole people of the realm having been convoked and the military forces assembled, the Jordan crossed, they arrive thither; and, as the unevenness and likewise the narrowness of the region allowed, they seize the approaches, pitching their camp around; and with their battle-lines disposed in a ring, they gird the place with a siege. Accordingly, executing the law of the camp, they turned themselves to whatever contrivances for harming, straitening the besieged by whatever means they could, to drive them to surrender; they, on the contrary, gathering whatever of shrewdness is wont to come to wretched circumstances, armed themselves vigilantly for their own protection. And while there nearly the whole Christian army was toiling with one accord, certain Turks, having seized the opportunity of the moment, seeing that the entire region across the Jordan, bereft of soldiery, lay open to hostile ambushes, with the Jordan crossed, leaving the region of Jericho on the right, advancing along the Asphalt lake, which is also called the Dead Sea, and from there betaking themselves to the highlands, burst into that part of the province which of old fell by lot to the tribe of Judah; and, coming to the city of the prophets Amos and Habakkuk, by name Tekoa, empty of inhabitants, they seized it by violence, the few whom they found there having been slain; for the inhabitants of that place had fled, their enemies’ coming foreknown; and with wives and children, with herds and flocks, had betaken themselves into the cave Adullam, neighboring to them.

Vicum ergo praedictum invenientes vacuum, domicilia eorum qui fugerant ingressi, quod residuum erat, asportabant.

Therefore, finding the aforesaid village empty, and, having entered the domiciles of those who had fled, they were carrying off what was left.

Erat autem casu Hierosolymis illis diebus ab Antiochia veniens, vir piae in Domino recordationis, miles eximius et in armis strenuus, nobilis carne et moribus, dominus Robertus, cognomine Burgundio, natione Aquitanicus, magister militiae Templi. Hic cum quibusdam de fratribus suis et cum iis qui Hierosolymis remanserant, paucis et promiscui generis equitibus, vexillum regium bajulante quodam domini regis familiari, Bernardo Vacher, subsequente populo, ad locum praedictum certatim et sub omni celeritate contendunt. Audientes itaque Turoi nostrorum adventum, locum deserentes Habehim, Joelis prophetae domum, versus Ebron patriarcharum sepulcrum, fugam inierant; volentes inde in plana Ascalonam versus descendere.

By chance, however, there was at Jerusalem in those days, coming from Antioch, a man of pious remembrance in the Lord, an exceptional soldier and strenuous in arms, noble in flesh and in morals, Lord Robert, by cognomen the Burgundian, by nation an Aquitanian, Master of the Militia of the Temple. He, with certain of his brothers and with those who had remained at Jerusalem, with a few horsemen of mixed sort, a certain household retainer of the lord king, Bernard Vacher, bearing the royal standard, the populace following, press to the aforesaid place in rivalry and with all speed. The Turks, therefore, hearing of the arrival of our men, abandoning the place Habehim, the house of the prophet Joel, had taken to flight toward Hebron, the sepulcher of the patriarchs, wishing from there to descend into the plains toward Ascalon.

Nostri autem, scientes hostium acies in fugam versas, non eisdem vestigiis inhaerentes, tanquam de tropaeo certi, sed ad diversa incaute nimis tendentes, fugientium spoliis magis quam stragi hostium insistebant imprudenter Quod intelligentes qui fugam inierant, iterum more solito conglobati, resumentes animos, dispersas acies, quantum possunt, revocare nituntur, nostrisque ex improviso et nimis confidenter irruentes, passim vagantes et securos invadunt, gladiis obtruncant; paucis tamen resistentibus et collectis adinvicem, pugna committitur.

Our men, knowing the enemy battle-lines were turned to flight, not adhering to the same tracks, as though assured of a trophy, but too incautiously turning to different directions, were pressing more upon the spoils of the fugitives than upon the slaughter of the enemy, imprudently. Those who had taken flight, understanding this, again, in their customary manner conglobated, resuming their courage, strive, as much as they can, to recall the scattered lines, and, rushing upon our men unexpectedly and too confidently, they attack those wandering everywhere and unguarded, they cut them down with swords; however, with a few resisting and gathered together to one another, battle is joined.

Inter haec, qui diversa fuerant secuti tubarum clangore, stridore cornuum, equorum fremitu, armorum fulgore coruscantium, vocibus suos adhortantium, simul et pulveris equorum pedibus agitati nebula in sublime rapta, commoniti, ad locum cum properant certaminis. Sed antequam eorum qui restiterant catervis se conjungerent, deficientibus primis et in fugam actis, facti sunt hostes, nostris devictis, superiores. Conversos itaque in fugam nostros, per loca saxis asperrima et prorsus invia, et omnino fugam non admittentia sagittis et strictis gladiis more hostium insectantes, alios ferro perimunt, alios prosternunt praecipites; et a praedicta Hebron, quae est Cariatharbe, usque in fines Thecuae persequentes, stragem multam nimis operati sunt in populo.

Meanwhile, those who had pursued different ways, by the clangor of trumpets, the stridor of horns, the neighing of horses, the coruscating splendor of flashing arms, the voices of men exhorting their own, and at the same time by a cloud of dust, stirred up by the horses’ feet and snatched aloft, being admonished, hasten to the place of the combat. But before those who had stood their ground could join their companies, the front ranks failing and driven into flight, the enemies, our men being defeated, became the superiors. Our men, therefore, turned to flight, and the foes, harrying after the manner of the enemy through places most rough with rocks and utterly trackless, and altogether not admitting flight, with arrows and drawn swords, slay some with steel, cast others headlong; and, pursuing from the aforesaid Hebron, which is Cariatharbe, as far as the borders of Thecua, they wrought exceedingly great slaughter among the people.

Ceciderunt autem illa die multi nobiles et inclyti viri, inter quos vir eximius frater militiae Templi, Odo de Monte Falconis, omnes morte sua moerore et gemitu conficiens, occisus est. Hostes vero victoria potiti, caede nostrorum et spoliis laetantes, Ascalonam reversi sunt. Nostri autem qui in expeditione erant, cognito quod apud nos acciderat infortunio, animo nimirum sunt vehementer consternati.

But on that day many noble and renowned men fell, among whom the distinguished man, a brother of the militia of the Temple, Odo of the Mount of the Falcon, who by his death overwhelmed all with grief and lamentation, was slain. The enemies, having gained the victory, rejoicing in the slaughter of our men and in the spoils, returned to Ascalon. But our men who were on the expedition, when the misfortune that had happened among us was learned, were indeed vehemently dismayed in spirit.

Sed tamen intelligentes hanc esse bellorum legem, ut nunc hi, nunc illi variis eventibus fiant superiores, iterum consolationem recipientes, coepto instant operi ferventius solito, et auctore Domino, infra paucos dies praedictum obtinent praesidium, inde cum gloria et triumpho ad propria reversi.

But yet, understanding this to be the law of wars, that now these, now those become superiors by various events, taking consolation anew, they press upon the undertaken work more fervently than usual; and, with the Lord as author, within a few days they obtain the aforesaid stronghold, and thence, with glory and triumph, returned to their own.

CAPUT VII. Sanguinus regnum Damascenorum inquietat; Damasceni a nostris auxilium postulant, et interpositis obtinent conditionibus; Sanguinus ad propria revertitur.

CHAPTER 7. Sanguinus disturbs the kingdom of the Damascenes; the Damascenes ask aid from our men, and, with conditions interposed, obtain it; Sanguinus returns to his own quarters.

Interea, dum haec in partibus geruntur Hierosolymitanis, Sanguinis tanquam vermis inquietus, successibus in immensum elatus, praesumit etiam Damascenorum regnum sibi vindicare. Quod intelligens Ainardus illius regni procurator, militiae princeps, socer quoque regis Damascenorum, quod in fines suos violenter esset ingressus, nuntios ad dominum regem, cum verbis pacificis dirigit, petens et obnixe postulans ab eo et populo Christiano auxilium et consilium contra hostem utriusque regni crudelissimum. Et ne praesumptuose, gratis et sine multorum spe emolumentorum, dominum regem et ejus principes in sui subsidium videretur sollicitare, spondet pro impensis ad hoc opus necessariis, mensibus singulis persolvenda aureorum vicena millia: insuper et hoste a finibus suis violenter abacto, urbem Paneadensem, paucis ante annis a nobis violenter ablatam, pactis inserit, nostris absque contradictione restituendam; et super iis omnibus conventionum articulis, ut eis fides amplior habeatur, nobilium filios, quantos expedit, obsides se daturos pollicetur.

Meanwhile, while these things are being transacted in the Jerusalemite parts, Sanguinus, like a restless worm, lifted up to an immense degree by successes, presumes also to vindicate to himself the kingdom of the Damascenes. Which understanding, Ainardus, procurator of that realm, commander of the militia, and likewise father-in-law of the king of the Damascenes, because he had violently entered his borders, directs envoys to the lord king with pacific words, seeking and earnestly requesting from him and from the Christian people aid and counsel against the most cruel enemy of both realms. And lest he should seem presumptuously to solicit the lord king and his princes into his succor, gratis and without the hope of many emoluments, he pledges, for the expenses necessary to this work, 20,000 gold pieces to be paid monthly; moreover, after the enemy has been violently driven from his borders, he inserts into the pacts that the city of Paneas, a few years before violently taken from us, is to be restored to our people without contradiction; and over all these articles of the conventions, that greater faith may be had in them, he promises that he will give as hostages the sons of nobles, as many as is expedient.

His auditis, dominus rex, convocans universos regni principes, legationis modum et verborum seriem eis diligentius aperit; consilium postulat, quid eis super hujusmodi petitionibus respondendum videatur. Tandemque communicato adinvicem consilio, et deliberationis provido libramine, partibus pensatis, optimum judicant, Airnardo et Damascenis, contra hostem immanissimum et utrique suspectum regno, opem esse ferendam; ministranda etiam gratis subsidia, ne hostis potentior, per nostram desidiam, in nostram perniciem, regno acquisito, regni suscipiat incrementum. Praeterea et additae conditiones, causam reddunt amplius favorabilem; idque potissimum omnes trahit in hanc partem procliviores, quod de urbe Paneadense in fine verborum est adjunctum.

Having heard these things, the lord king, convening all the princes of the realm, more carefully lays open to them the manner of the legation and the sequence of the words; he asks for counsel, what seems to them should be answered concerning petitions of this sort. And at length, counsel having been communicated among themselves, and with the provident balance of deliberation, the parts having been weighed, they judge it best that aid be borne to Ainardus and the Damascenes against the most monstrous enemy, suspect to both kingdoms; that subsidies also be furnished gratis, lest a more powerful enemy, through our sloth, to our ruin, having acquired a kingdom, should take up an increase of the kingdom. Moreover, the added conditions render the cause more favorable; and this especially draws all more inclined to this side, namely that which concerning the city of Paneas was appended at the end of the words.

CAPUT VIII. Obsidetur civitas Paneadensis, Damascenis praebentibus auxilium.

CHAPTER 8. The city of Paneas is besieged, the Damascenes providing aid.

Approbato ergo generali consilio, susceptisque jam dictis obsidibus et in tuto collocatis, confestim ex omnibus regni finibus apud Tiberiadem praecipitur, tam equitum quam peditum innumera manus convenire. Sanguinus autem in multitudine virtutis suae, cum immensis equitum copiis ejusdem provinciae fines ingressus, relicta post se Damasco, usque ad eum locum qui dicitur Rasaline, pervenerat; ibique, per aliquot temporis intervallum, dubitans de nostrorum adventu, cum suis legionibus consederat. Certus enim esse videbatur quod, nisi nostrorum vires ejus propositum impedirent, facile ad optatum posset pertingere.

Therefore, the general council having been approved, and the already-mentioned hostages received and placed in safety, immediately from all the borders of the kingdom it is ordered that an innumerable band, both of horse and of foot, assemble at Tiberias. But Sanguinus, in the multitude of his prowess, having entered the borders of the same province with immense forces of cavalry, Damascus left behind him, had come as far as the place called Rasaline; and there, for some interval of time, doubting about the advent of our men, he had encamped with his legions. For he seemed to be certain that, unless our forces should impede his plan, he could easily attain to the desired end.

Nuntiatur ergo nostris, Sanguinum in praedicto loco consistere; Damascenos quoque urbe jam egressos, domini regis et nostrorum apud Nuaram praestolari adventum: quo cognito, nostrae quoque acies castris solutis, vexillis praecedentibus, ad praedictum locum unanimiter contendunt. Quod audiens Sanguinus, timens, sicut vir erat industrius, in terra hostium cum gemino committere exercitu, priusquam nostri cum Damascenis convenirent, locum praedictum deserens, declinatis nostris et Damascenorum ad laevam copiis, fugam accelerat; et in eam regionem quae dicitur vulgo Vallis Baccar, maturatis se confert itineribus. Nostri autem nihilominus ad locum praedictum pervenientes, Damascenis permisti, de discessu Sanguini edocti plenius, de communi consilio, sicut pactis continebatur, contra Paneadem universos dirigunt exercitus.

It is therefore announced to our men that Sanguinus is standing fast in the aforesaid place; and that the Damascenes too, now egressed from the city, are awaiting at Nuara the arrival of the lord king and of our people. This learned, our battle-lines also, the camps having been struck, with the standards going before, unanimously press toward the aforesaid place. Hearing this, Sanguinus—fearing, as he was an industrious man, to commit battle in the enemy’s land against a twin army, before our men could come together with the Damascenes—abandoning the aforesaid place, turning aside to the left from our forces and those of the Damascenes, accelerates his flight; and he betakes himself, with hastened marches, into that region which in the vulgar speech is called the Valley of Baccar. Our men, nevertheless, arriving at the aforesaid place and mingled with the Damascenes, being more fully instructed about Sanguinus’s departure, by common counsel, as was contained in the pacts, direct all the armies against Paneas.

Hanc urbem, ut praediximus, Doldequinus Damascenorum rex, paucis ante annis volenter occupaverat; sed postmodum magistratus, qui eam commiserat, a Damascenis deficiens, contra Damascenos, Sanguino adhaeserat; unde erat, quod ad hoc, ut domino regi traderetur, fidelius elaborabant; malentes eam Christianis restitui, quorum gratia fruebantur, quam ut hostis eorum tam suspectus tamque formidabilis, eam possideret: unde gravius, eis et quasi de vicino nocere poterat, et majores inferre molestias.

This city, as we have fore-said, Doldequin, king of the Damascenes, a few years earlier had willingly occupied; but afterward the magistrate who had been entrusted with it, defecting from the Damascenes, had adhered to Sanguin; whence it was that, to this end—that it might be handed over to the lord king—they labored more faithfully; preferring that it be restored to the Christians, whose favor they enjoyed, rather than that their enemy, so suspect and so formidable, should possess it: whence he could harm them more grievously, upon them and, as it were, from close at hand, and inflict greater vexations.

CAPUT IX. Princeps Antiochenus et Tripolitanus comes ad eamdem accedunt obsidionem, et urgentissime impugnatur civitas.

CHAPTER 9. The Prince of Antioch and the Count of Tripoli come up to the same siege, and the city is assaulted with the utmost urgency.

Ista est Paneas, quae vulgari appellatione Belinas dicitur, olim ante introitum filiorum Israel in terram promissionis, dicta Lesen; quam postea filii Dan acceperunt in sortem et vocaverunt Lesen Dan, sicut legitur in Josue, ubi scriptum est: Ascenderuntque filii Dan, et pugnaverunt contra Lesen, ceperuntque eam et percusserunt eam in ore gladii, ac possederunt, et habitaverunt in ea, vocantes nomen ejus Lesen Dan, ex nomine Dan patris sui (Jos. XIX, 47). Consequenter autem dicta est eadem Caesarea Philippi, eo quod Philippus tetrarcha, senioris Herodis filius, in honorem Tiberii Caesaris eam ampliaverit, et aedificiis admirabilibus reddiderit insignem, ita ut ad nomen Caesaris et ampliatoris vocabulum, unam praetenderet appellationem. Conversis igitur ad urbem agminibus, et ad eam pervenientes Kal.

This is Paneas, which by vulgar appellation is called Belinas, once, before the entry of the sons of Israel into the land of promise, called Lesen; which afterwards the sons of Dan received by lot and called Lesen Dan, as is read in Joshua, where it is written: And the sons of Dan went up and fought against Lesen, and they took it and struck it with the edge of the sword, and possessed it, and dwelt in it, calling its name Lesen Dan, after the name of Dan their father (Jos. 19, 47). Subsequently, however, the same was called Caesarea Philippi, because Philip the tetrarch, son of Herod the elder, in honor of Tiberius Caesar enlarged it and rendered it notable with admirable edifices, so that, to the name of Caesar and the designation of the enlarger, it might present one appellation. Therefore, with the columns turned toward the city, and on coming to it on the Kal.

Maii, civitatem undique vallant obsidione. Ainardus cum suis ab Oriente, inter urbem et silvam suorum locat expeditiones, in eo loco qui dicitur Cohagar; rex autem et noster exercitus ab Occidente, versus campestria suas locant legiones. Sic igitur ordinatis in gyrum stationibus studiose procuratur, ut inclusis generaliter omnis interdicatur aditus, nec ingredi vel egredi volentibus libera pateat evagandi potestas.

On the Kalends of May, they gird the city on all sides with a siege. Ainard with his men from the East, between the city and the wood belonging to them, posts his expeditions in the place which is called Cohagar; but the king and our army from the West, toward the plains, station their legions. Thus, with the stations arranged in a circle, it is diligently procured that every access be universally interdicted to those shut in, and that to those wishing to enter or go out there lie open no free power of roaming abroad.

Placet praeterea, et de communi sancitur consilio, quatenus missis nuntiis fidelibus, dominum Raimundum Antiochenorum principem et dominum comitem Tripolitanum convocent ad praesentis operis subsidium: quod et factum est. Ipsi nihilominus interea cum Turcis aeque ferventibus, ad congressus quotidianos accinctis, obsessos assultibus urgent assiduis; et machinis jaculatoriis, quas petrarias vocant, immissis magnae quantitatis molaribus, moenia concutiunt, et infra urbem conterunt domicilia; ad hoc et telorum immissionibus, et multa sagittarum grandine, adeo fatigant oppidanos, ut nullus intra muros tutus ad latendum inveniretur locus; vixque muro et propugnaculis tecti, contorquentes saxa, aut arcubus utentes, eos qui deforis impugnabant auderent conspicere. Intueri erat ibi praeter solitum hostes ab hostibus Marte saevissimo provocari; et fictione deposita, serio nimis in eorum armari perniciem; nec facile erat discernere utra protervius contra communes adversarios arma corriperet manus, aut in congressionibus instaret acrius, aut diuturniore longanimitate in belli pondere perseveraret; erat namque nostris militibus cum Damascenis cohortibus animorum par affectus, et consonans desiderium.

Moreover it pleases, and by common counsel it is sanctioned, that, trusty messengers having been sent, they convoke lord Raymond, prince of the Antiochenes, and the lord count of Tripoli, to the subsidy of the present work: which also was done. They themselves, nonetheless, meanwhile, with the Turks equally fervent, girded for daily encounters, press the besieged with assiduous assaults; and with projectile engines, which they call petrariae, launching mill-stones of great quantity, they shake the walls and crush the dwellings within the city; to this they add the discharges of missiles and a great hail of arrows, so wearying the townsmen that no place within the walls could be found safe for hiding; and, scarcely sheltered by the wall and the battlements, hurling stones or using bows, they hardly dared to look upon those who were attacking from outside. It could be beheld there, beyond what is usual, that enemies by enemies were provoked to a most savage Mars; and, pretense laid aside, they were arming themselves only too seriously for one another’s ruin; nor was it easy to discern which band more presumptuously snatched up arms against the common adversaries, or pressed more keenly in the encounters, or with more long-suffering perseverance endured under the weight of war; for our soldiers and the Damascene cohorts had an equal disposition of spirits and a consonant desire.

Experientia quidem et usus armorum longe dissimilis, sed voluntas nocendi non inferior. At vero obsessi, licet continuis assultibus fatigati, vigiliis et nimii laboris pondere essent attriti, tamen resistunt viriliter; et pro viribus libertatem, uxores, et liberos tueri satagentes, urgente molestia solertiores effecti, ad omnia resistendi se convertunt argumenta. His ita per dies aliquot tractatis, videntur omnino non proficere, nisi castello ligneo moenibus applicato, obsessis desuper bellum inferatur.

The experience and use of arms were indeed far dissimilar, yet the will to harm was not inferior. But the besieged, although wearied by continuous assaults, and worn down by vigils and the weight of excessive labor, nevertheless resist manfully; and, striving according to their strength to protect liberty, their wives, and their children, made more skillful by the urgent distress, they turn themselves to every expedient for resisting. With these things thus carried on for several days, they seem to make no progress at all, unless, with a wooden castle applied to the walls, war be brought upon the besieged from above.

Cumque in tota illa regione ad usus hujusmodi, conveniens non inveniretur materia, mittuntur Damascum de mandato domini Ainardi, qui trabes proceras, et ingentis magnitudinis, ad hoc specialiter multo ante deputatas, deportari faciant et cum omni redeant celeritate.

And since in that whole region, for uses of this kind, suitable material was not being found, they are sent to Damascus by the mandate of lord Ainard, to have beams lofty and of enormous magnitude, specially long before deputed for this, carried away, and to return with all celerity.

CAPUT X. Principe et comite praesentibus, machina ad oppugnandam urbem erigitur; civibus spe subsidii strenue se defendentibus.

CHAPTER 10. With the prince and the count present, a machine for assaulting the city is erected; the citizens, in hope of relief, vigorously defend themselves.

Interea princeps Antiochenus et comes Tripolitanus nostris exciti legationibus, cum ingentibus copiis et valida manu, optato advenientes, castris se adjungunt nostris; quorum adventu geminatus est obsessis timor, et resistendi spes omnis visa est cecidisse. Dumque hi qui recentes advenerant, certatim vires experiuntur, et laudis cupidi, et gloriae consequendae gratia congregatis seorsum urbem impugnant agminibus; obsessis ingeritur formido amplior, et diffidentia; nostris vero spes de obtinenda victoria jam certior, animos erigens, minuebat taedium, et ad impugnandum singulis diebus reddebat fortiores. Nec mora, dum haec circa urbem fiunt, ecce qui Damascum ierant redeuntes, trabes secum mirae magnitudinis afferunt, et soliditatis optatae.

Meanwhile the Prince of Antioch and the Count of Tripoli, aroused by our legations, arriving as desired with huge forces and a strong hand, join their camp to ours; at whose arrival the fear of the besieged was doubled, and every hope of resisting seemed to have fallen. And while those who had newly arrived, vying with one another, try their strength, desirous of praise and, for the sake of attaining glory, with their companies assembled separately assault the city; a greater fear and diffidence is thrust upon the besieged, but for our men the hope of obtaining victory, now more certain, lifting their spirits, diminished weariness, and each day made them stronger for the assault. No delay: while these things are being done around the city, lo, those who had gone to Damascus, returning, bring with them beams of wondrous magnitude and of the desired solidity.

Quibus per artifices et lignorum caesores sub omni celeritate laevigatis et clavis ferreis debita soliditate conjunctis erigitur subito immensae altitudinis machina, qua desuper universa prospicitur civitas; et unde sagittis omnique telorum genere, pugillarium quoque jactu lapidum arcent oppidanos: qua erecta, complanatis quae inter machinam et murum erant media, moenibus applicatur, urbem despiciens universam, tanquam turris in urbis medio subito appareret aedificata. Hic primum dura nimis, et ad supremum compellens defectum, facta est obsessorum conditio; nam ad contorsiones lapidum et telorum immissiones, quibus eos instanter urgebant, qui in castello erant, non erat omnino remedium invenire; non inveniebatur interius locus, qui tutas sauciis aut debilibus posset latebras ministrare, vel ad quas confugerent post labores, qui adhuc solidi et viribus integri, aliis se poterant praestare defensores; et jam per murum discurrere negabatur; et deficientibus sociis, absque mortis periculo non licebat opem ferre; nam quae ab inferioribus inferebantur bellorum pondera, et nocendi argumenta, facta relatione, ad ea quae de superioribus imminebant diversi generis pericula, nulla aut modica poterant judicari: ita ut bellum non tam cum hominibus quam cum superis videretur. Fuerat autem ab initio spes obsessis, eademque usque in praesentem articulum fovebantur, quod Sanguinus eis esset ministraturus, sicut et fide interposita firmaverat, subsidium; sed, urgente jam periculo, nec subsidium, nec defensionis locus videbatur relictus.

By the artificers and cutters of timber, these, smoothed with all speed and joined together with iron nails in due solidity, a machine of immense altitude is suddenly erected, from which the whole city is looked down upon from above; and from it they drive off the oppidans with arrows and every kind of missiles, even with the handful-cast of stones. With this raised, the spaces which were between the machine and the wall having been leveled, it is applied to the ramparts, overlooking the entire city, as if a tower had suddenly appeared built in the midst of the city. Here first the condition of the besieged became exceedingly hard and pressing them to utter exhaustion; for against the torsions of stones and the discharges of missiles, with which those who were in the tower pressed them insistently, there was absolutely no remedy to be found; no place was found within that could furnish safe hiding-places for the wounded or the weak, or to which those who were still sound and entire in strength, after their toils, might flee, who could still offer themselves as defenders to others; and now it was denied them to run along the wall; and with comrades failing, it was not permitted to bring aid without danger of death; for the weights of war and the engines of harming which were brought to bear from below, by comparison, when report was made, with the diverse kinds of dangers that were impending from above, could be judged as none or slight: so that the war seemed to be not so much with men as with the supernal. There had been, however, from the beginning a hope for the besieged, and the same they were fostering even up to the present crisis, that Sanguinus would minister to them, as he had established with pledged faith, relief; but as the peril now pressed, neither relief nor any place for defense seemed to be left.

CAPUT XI. Legatus, Ecclesiae Romanae applicat; ad obsidionem accedit; capitur civitas, ibique ordinato episcopo, Hierosolymam principes omnes proficiscuntur.

CHAPTER 11. The legate of the Roman Church arrives; he comes up to the siege; the city is taken, and there, a bishop being ordained, all the princes set out for Jerusalem.

Dum haec in expeditione geruntur, legatus quidam Romanae Ecclesiae, Albericus nomine, episcopus Hostiensis, natione Francus, de episcopatu Belvacensi, apud Sidonem applicuit. Venerat autem specialiter ob illud missus negotium, quod in Ecclesia Antiochena, inter dominum patriarcham et ejus canonicos erat obortum; cujus etiam gratia, vir vitae venerabilis, dominus Petrus Lugdunensis archiepiscopus, paucis ante diebus, legationis fungens officio, in Syriam venerat; sed morte praeventus, finem injuncto non potuit dare negotio: unde hic, ut tantae controversiae debitum finem imponeret, praedicto venerabili viro substitutus est, sicut in sequentibus dicetur. Hic, audito quod universus Christianus exercitus in obsidione apud Paneadem detineretur et quod ibi dominus patriarcha Hierosolymorum Willelmus, dominus Fulcherus, Tyrensis archiepiscopus, cum caeteris regni principibus moram facerent, illuc sub omni celeritate contendit: adveniensque licet in coepto non torperent opere, sed instarent ferventer, qui et urbem obsederant, tamen prudentis viri studio et auctoritate subnixus apostolica, ad propositum invitat; et exhortatorii sermonis eis addens stimulos, ad impugnandam urbem accendit vehementius.

While these things were being transacted on the expedition, a certain legate of the Roman Church, Alberic by name, bishop of Ostia, by nation a Frank, from the bishopric of Beauvais, made landfall at Sidon. He had come in particular, sent on that business which had arisen in the Church of Antioch between the lord patriarch and his canons; for the sake of which also, a man of venerable life, Lord Peter, archbishop of Lyons, a few days before, discharging the office of legation, had come into Syria; but, overtaken by death, he could not give an end to the business enjoined: whence this man, that he might impose a due end upon so great a controversy, was substituted for the aforesaid venerable man, as will be said in what follows. He, on hearing that the whole Christian army was being held in siege at Paneas and that there the lord patriarch of Jerusalem, William, Lord Fulcher, archbishop of Tyre, with the other princes of the realm were making a stay, hastened thither with all speed: and on arriving, although those who had besieged the city were not growing torpid in the work begun, but were pressing on fervently, nevertheless, relying on the zeal of a prudent man and on apostolic authority, he invites them to the proposed purpose; and adding to them the goads of an exhortatory discourse, he kindled them more vehemently to assail the city.

Interea qui in machina ad hoc deputati erant, cives continuis urgent assultibus; et negata requie, desuper injecta terroris et periculi causa multiplici, fatigationibus assiduis molestias ingeminant; jamque quibusdam ex eis consumptis gladio, quibusdam vero lethaliter sauciis, aliis vero prae lassitudine deficientibus, eorum minuebatur numerus, nec instantes more solito a sui poterant impugnatione repellere. Quod intelligens Damascenorum procurator et militiae princeps Ainardus, vir providus admodum, et foederis quod nobiscum pepigerat tenacissimus et fidelissimus prosecutor, sciens quia vexatio dat viam auditui, et ad conditiones extremas consummata miseria impellere solet, missis occulte quibusdam de familiaribus suis, qui obsessos cum spe salutis ad deditionem invitarent, verbum praetentavit fideliter; illi autem primum abhorrentes et fingentes se longius ire, tanquam adhuc resistendi spem viderentur habere aliquam, novissime tamen cum aviditate multa, gratanter suscipiunt oblatum verbum. Magistratus tamen, quem ipsi vocant emir, nobilis homo et potens, oblatis adjicit conditionibus, ut pro urbis deditione, habita consideratione, ne egeret, aliqua boni viri arbitratu fieret ei recompensatio; turpe enim videretur et indecens, ut vir nobilis et tam famosae urbis dominus, propria pulsus haereditate, mendicare compelleretur.

Meanwhile those who had been deputed to the siege-engine press the citizens with continual assaults; and, rest being denied, with manifold causes of terror and danger cast down from above, they redouble the annoyances with assiduous fatigues; and now, with some of them consumed by the sword, others mortally wounded, and others failing from sheer weariness, their number was being diminished, nor were they able, as was their custom, to repel those pressing on from their assault upon them. Understanding this, Ainardus, procurator of the Damascenes and prince of the soldiery, a man exceedingly provident, and the most tenacious and most faithful prosecutor of the covenant which he had struck with us, knowing that vexation gives a way to hearing, and that misery brought to its consummation is wont to drive to extreme terms, having secretly sent certain of his familiars to invite the besieged, with the hope of safety, to surrender, essayed the proposal faithfully; but they, at first shrinking back and pretending to go farther, as though they seemed still to have some hope of resisting, at last, however, with much avidity, gratefully receive the proffered word. The magistrate, nevertheless, whom they themselves call the emir, a noble and powerful man, adds conditions to the terms offered, that, for the surrender of the city, consideration being had lest he be in want, some recompense be made to him at the arbitration of a good man; for it would seem base and unseemly that a noble man and the lord of so famous a city, driven from his own inheritance, should be compelled to beg.

Ainardus vero, videns nobilis viri petitionem juri satis convenire, et aequitati, totaque mentis properans intentione ut civitas in nostram veniret potestatem, juxta illorum desiderium se obligat: quod usque ad certam summam, quae inter eos convenit in balneis et pomeriis ei redditus annuatim solvendos assignaret, et populo exire cupienti, liberum cum omnibus rebus suis exitum procuraret. Iis vero qui urbem et praedia sua tam urbana quam rustica incolere, et nusquam abire vellent, vel ad tempus, vel in perpetuum, bonis conditionibus tranquillam, fide interposita, moram pollicetur. Quod verbum tam dominus rex quam reliqua populi pars, placite suscipientes, urbem sine mora parati sunt tradere.

Ainard, however, seeing that the noble man’s petition quite well suited law and equity, and hastening with his whole mind’s intention that the city might come into our power, binds himself according to their desire: namely, that up to a certain sum, which was agreed between them, he would assign to him revenues to be paid annually from the baths and the orchards, and that he would procure free exit, with all their goods, for the people who wished to depart. But to those who wished to inhabit the city and their estates, both urban and rural, and to go nowhere, either for a time or in perpetuity, he promises, with faith interposed, a tranquil stay on good conditions. This proposal, both the lord king and the remaining part of the people gladly receiving, they were ready to deliver the city without delay.

Ainardus itaque videns conventiones ad optatam pervenisse consonantiam, et jam in nullo vacillare sermonem, dominum regem, patriarcham, principem et comitem familiarius convenit, et rei seriem secretius pertractatae, diligenter aperit, et ad consensum modis quibus potest hortatur; illi porro viri prudentiam et fidei sinceritatem attendentes, conditiones approbant, et consensum impartientes gratuitum, omnia se facturos juxta illius ordinationem firmissime compromittunt. Sic ergo civitate tradita cives cum omni supellectile sua, cum uxoribus et liberis, liberum habentes exitum, ad loca optata se contulerunt. Nostri vero civitate recepta, domino patriarcha id procurante, dominoque Fulchero Tyrensi archiepiscopo, ad cujus jurisdictionem Paneadensis Ecclesia jure metropolitico certum erat pertinere, id concedente et electionem approbante, dominum Adam, archidiaconum Acconensem, in episcopum ejusdem loci eligunt; et curam fidelium illic commorari volentium, committunt spiritualem; temporalem vero jurisdictionem domino Rainerio cognomine Brus, cui paucis ante annis violenter erepta fuerat, restituunt.

Ainard, therefore, seeing the agreements had come to the longed-for consonance, and that the discourse now wavered in nothing, more familiarly meets with the lord king, the patriarch, the prince, and the count, and carefully opens the sequence of the matter handled more secretly, and urges them to consent by whatever means he can; they, moreover, considering the man’s prudence and the sincerity of his faith, approve the conditions, and, imparting gratuitous consent, most firmly commit themselves to do all things according to his ordination. Thus, then, the city being delivered, the citizens, with all their furnishings, with their wives and children, having free exit, betook themselves to the places they desired. Our men, however, the city being received, the lord patriarch procuring that, and the lord Fulcher, archbishop of Tyre—under whose jurisdiction the Church of Paneas was certain by metropolitan right to pertain—granting it and approving the election, choose Lord Adam, archdeacon of Acre, as bishop of the same place; and they commit to him the spiritual care of the faithful wishing to dwell there; but the temporal jurisdiction they restore to Lord Rainerius, surnamed Brus, from whom a few years before it had been violently snatched.

Inde Deo gratias et hostias solemnes exhibituri Hierosolymam, dominus rex, cum domino principe Antiocheno, cum domino patriarcha t domino legato contendunt. Completis igitur de more orationibus et mora per dies aliquot Hierosolymis habita, dominus princeps, praetentata domini legati mente, quid propositi adversus patriarcham suum haberet, et invitans eum, ut non pigritaretur venire, sed fortis et de ejus auxilio certus veniret, Antiochiam reversus est. Missus enim erat, ut praediximus, idem legatus, ut super quibusdam criminibus, eidem patriarchae, a quibusdam canonicis ecclesiae suae objectis cognosceret, et causam fine debito terminaret.

Thence, to offer thanks to God and solemn sacrifices, the lord king, with the lord Prince of Antioch, with the lord patriarch and the lord legate, hasten to Jerusalem. Therefore, prayers having been completed according to custom, and a stay for several days having been held at Jerusalem, the lord prince, having sounded the mind of the lord legate as to what plan he had against his own patriarch, and inviting him not to be slow to come, but to come brave and assured of his aid, returned to Antioch. For the same legate had been sent, as we have said, to take cognizance concerning certain crimes objected to the same patriarch by certain canons of his church, and to terminate the case with its due end.

Nunc tempus est, ut quod superius de praedicto patriarcha praemisimus, exsolvamus; quod ut facilius intelligatur, a superioribus aliquantulum repetenda est historia.

Now it is time to discharge what above we have premised concerning the aforesaid patriarch; which, that it may be more easily understood, the narrative must be somewhat repeated from the foregoing.

CAPUT XII. Princeps Antiochenus cum adversariis Antiocheni patriarchae conspirat; patriarcha Romam proficiscitur. Capitur a duce Apuliae Rogerio; sed tandem cum eo pacificatus, Romam pervenit.

CHAPTER 12. The Antiochene Prince conspires with the adversaries of the patriarch of Antioch; the patriarch sets out for Rome. He is captured by Roger, duke of Apulia; but at length, having made peace with him, he arrives at Rome.

Domino igitur Raimundo, primum Antiochiam, ut praemisimus, accedente, antequam uxorem destinatam haberet, domino Radulpho, qui tunc Ecclesiae praeerat Antiochenae, ut facilius ad optatum perveniret, fidelitatem manualiter exhibuit, spondens fide interposita, quod ab ea die in antea, non esset in consilio, vel in facto, quod honorem, vitam, aut membrum perderet, aut caperetur mala captione; sicut in forma exhibendae fidelitatis continetur. In qua fidelitate nec modico quidem tempore perseveravit; statim enim uxore ducta et tota regione recepta, per ejus studium et operam, adjunctus est ejus adversariis, opem conferens, et omne consilium, contra fidelitatis debitum, in ejus laesionem. Habentes igitur ejus aemuli tantum studiorum suorum cooperatorem, animosius ejus impugnationibus insistentes, Romam proficiscuntur.

Therefore, when Lord Raymond, as we have premised, first came to Antioch, before he had the wife destined for him, to Lord Ralph, who then presided over the Church of Antioch, he rendered fidelity by hand, that he might more easily attain his desire, pledging with faith interposed, that from that day onward, he would not be in counsel or in deed whereby he might lose honor, life, or limb, or be taken by an evil capture; as is contained in the form for exhibiting fidelity. In which fidelity he did not persevere even for a little time; for immediately, his wife having been taken and the whole region received, through his zeal and effort he was joined to the patriarch’s adversaries, furnishing help and all counsel, against the debt of fidelity, to his injury. Having, therefore, so great a cooperator of their endeavors, his rivals, pressing their attacks more boldly, set out for Rome.

Erant autem ejus adversarii, Lambertus quidam, ejusdem ecclesiae archidiaconus, vir quidem litteratus, et conversationis honestae, sed saecularium modicam, aut nullam habens experientiam; et Arnulfus quidam, Calaber natione, nobilis genere, litteratus et in saecularibus circumspectus. Hi, interpositis appellationis vocibus, consentiente et favente domino principe, Romam profecti, eum etiam invitum, sed per principem vi compulsum, eamdem arripere viam coegerunt. Factum est itaque quod Arnulfus praecesserat, et in Siciliam compendioso itinere profectus, conjunctis sibi de amicis et consanguineis, quia de Calabria erat oriundus, ubi postmodum fuit Consentinus archiepiscopus (erat enim nobilis valde, ut diximus) dominum Rogerum Apuliae ducem, cui notus erat, convenerat, dicens: Ecce, princeps egregie, in manus tibi, optato, sed et gratis, datur hostium tuorum immanissimus, Antiochenorum patriarcha, qui tibi et haeredibus tuis in perpetuum Antiochiam abstulit, sublimato in ea, viro ignoto, contra juris ordinem.

His adversaries, however, were a certain Lambert, archdeacon of the same church, a man indeed lettered and of honorable conduct, but having slight or no experience of secular matters; and a certain Arnulf, a Calabrian by nation, noble by lineage, learned and circumspect in seculars. These, interposing words of appeal, with the lord prince consenting and favoring, having set out to Rome, compelled him also, though unwilling, yet by force through the prince, to seize the same road. It came about, therefore, that Arnulf had gone on ahead, and by a compendious route had set out into Sicily, having joined to himself some friends and kinsmen, because he was from Calabria, where afterward he was archbishop of Consentia (for he was very noble, as we said); he had met lord Roger, duke of Apulia, to whom he was known, saying: Behold, distinguished prince, into your hands, as desired, but even gratis, is delivered the most monstrous of your enemies, the patriarch of the Antiochenes, who has taken away Antioch from you and your heirs in perpetuity, an unknown man having been exalted in it, against the order of law.

Ecce tibi eum obtulit Dominus, et consummata ejus peccata dederunt praesentem. Eia expergiscere, tracta quomodo eum habeas; certus quia per eum ad haereditatem jure tibi legitimae successionis debitam, iterum tibi patere poterit introitus, qui tibi per eumdem negatus est indebite. His verbis motus Apuliae dux, sicut vir erat solertissimus, in singulis maritimis urbibus, locari praecipit insidias, ut adveniens statim captus et vinculis mancipatus, in Siciliam protinus dirigatur. Ille vero prospera usus navigatione, nihil tale veritus, Brundusium applicans, juxta ducis mandatum, sublatis omnibus quae secum tanquam princeps potentissimus detulerat, sed et dispersa cuncta familia, vinctus traditur eidem Arnulfo, in Siciliam ante ducem pertrahendus.

Behold, the Lord has offered him to you, and the consummation of his sins has given him into your presence. Come now, awake; contrive how you may hold him; certain that through him an entrance may again be opened to you into the inheritance owed to you by the right of legitimate succession, which was wrongfully denied to you by this same man. Moved by these words, the duke of Apulia, since he was a most adroit man, ordered ambushes to be placed in each maritime city, so that, on his arriving, he might at once be seized and made over to chains, and be sent straightway to Sicily. He, however, enjoying a prosperous navigation and fearing nothing of the sort, putting in at Brundusium, according to the duke’s mandate—after all things which he had brought with him as a most powerful prince had been taken away, and his whole household dispersed—was delivered in bonds to that same Arnulf, to be dragged to Sicily ahead of the duke.

Hic primum Arnulfo juxta desideria datum est in hostem et impium persecutorem suum, pro libero desaevire arbitrio, et vices aequa lance reddere, pro his quae de manu ejus acceperat duplicia. Tandem in praesentia ducis constitutus, habitisque cum eo familiaribus colloquiis et conventionibus interpositis, sicuti erat vir prudens et facundissimus, et honestissimam habens personam, receptis universis cum omni integritate quae amiserat, sed et familia restituta, spondens quod in reditu per eumdem ducem sit habiturus regressum, cum omni honestate Romam pergens, dimittitur. Romam vero perveniens, prima facie difficiles habuit ad dominum papam introitus, tanquam Romanae persecutor Ecclesiae, et qui singularem sedis apostolicae primatum comminuere et infringere voluerit, sedem aemulam contra Romanam erigens, et parificans Ecclesiam, tanquam laesae majestatis reus, ab ingressu sacri arcetur palatii, et a domini papae colloquio suspenditur.

Here for the first time it was granted to Arnulf, according to his desires, to rage at will against his enemy and impious persecutor, and to render turns with an equal scale, for the double harms he had received from his hand. At length, set in the presence of the duke, and after familiar colloquies had with him and conventions interposed, since he was a prudent and most facund man, and bearing a most honorable persona, having received back with all integrity all that he had lost, and his household also restored, promising that on his return he would have a way back through that same duke, he is dismissed, proceeding to Rome with all honor. But on arriving at Rome, at the first glance he had difficult entrances to the lord pope, as a persecutor of the Roman Church, and as one who had wished to diminish and infringe the singular primacy of the Apostolic See, setting up a rival seat against the Roman and making the Church equal, as a defendant of lèse-majesté he is barred from entry into the sacred palace, and is suspended from colloquy with the lord pope.

CAPUT XIII. Accusatur ab adversariis; tandem cum plenitudine gratiae, ad propria revertitur.

CHAPTER 13. He is accused by adversaries; at length, with the plenitude of grace, he returns to his own.

Porro tam dominus papa quam universa Ecclesia, procliviores erant ad hoc, ut dominum patriarcham, sumpta qualibet honesta occasione gravarent, ejusque adversariis plurimum exhibebant favorem; suspectus enim eis habebatur admodum, eo quod vir dives esset, et magnificus, et sedem cui praeerat, Antiochenam videlicet, Romanae subjacere dedignabatur; sed ei eamdem in omnibus parificare contendebat, dicens: Utramque Petri esse cathedram, eamque quasi primogenitae insignem praerogativa; unde multipliciter ad ejus gravamen nitebantur. Tandem quorumdam amicorum usus officio, intervenientibus tam domini papae quam suis familiaribus, et semitas dirigentibus, admissus est ad domini papae et curiae solemniter congregatae praesentiam, et cum multa susceptus est magnificentia. Porro semel et secundo eo in consistorium ingresso, sumpta opportunitate, ejus adversarii prodeunt in publicum; et oblatis libellis accusatoriis, parati erant, cum omni juris solemnitate, ad accusandum procedere.

Moreover both the lord pope and the universal Church were more prone to this, namely to burden the lord patriarch by seizing upon any honorable occasion, and they showed very great favor to his adversaries; for he was held by them as very suspect, because he was a rich and magnificent man, and he disdained that the see over which he presided, namely the Antiochene, should be subject to the Roman; rather he strove to make it equal to it in all things, saying: That both are Peter’s cathedra, and that it is marked with the prerogative as of the firstborn; whence in many ways they endeavored to his aggravation. At length, availing himself of the good offices of certain friends, with the familiars both of the lord pope and of his own intervening, and the paths being made straight, he was admitted to the presence of the lord pope and of the curia solemnly assembled, and he was received with much magnificence. Moreover, once and a second time, he having entered into the consistorium, an opportunity being taken, his adversaries came forth into public; and, bills of accusation having been presented, they were prepared, with all the solemnity of law, to proceed to accuse.

Verum cognoscens tota curia quod qui ad accusandum prodierant, non erant eatenus instructi, ut domino papae et ejus assessoribus plenam de objectis possent ibi fidem facere, significatur ambabus partibus, quod interim quiescant, quousque dominus papa aliquem de latere suo, ad partes dirigat Antiochenas, qui ibi habita testium et instrumentorum copia, de causa plenius possit cognoscere. Interea resignato pallio, quod idem patriarcha de altari Antiochenae Ecclesiae, sua sibi sumpserat auctoritate, in injuriam, ut dicebatur, sedis apostolicae, et cardinalibus tradito: aliud ei, sumptum de corpore beati Petri more solemni per priorem diaconorum traditur. Sic itaque mora, quantum negotium ejus videbatur exigere, Romae habita, cum plenitudine gratiae, salva tamen quaestione, sumpta licentia, ad ducem Rogerum in Siciliam reversus est; qui redeuntem honorifice suscipiens, postquam mutuis colloquiis saepe et multum ad invicem plura et quae sufficere videbantur, familiariter contulerunt, datis eidem a domino duce galeis, quotquot ad iter remetiendum habuit necessarias, secundis usus flatibus, in Syriam devectus, fauces Orontis attigit, qui fluvius Antiochiam praeterfluit; qui locus vulgari appellatione portus Sancti Simeonis dicitur, ab Antiochia decem plus minusve modicum distans milliaribus.

But the whole curia, perceiving that those who had come forth to accuse were not so prepared as to be able there to make full faith to the lord pope and his assessors regarding the matters objected, it is signified to both parties that in the meantime they should keep quiet, until the lord pope dispatches someone from his side to the Antiochene parts, who there, with a supply of witnesses and instruments at hand, may be able to learn more fully about the cause. Meanwhile, the pallium—which the same patriarch had taken to himself from the altar of the Antiochene Church by his own authority, to the injury, as it was said, of the apostolic see—having been resigned and handed over to the cardinals: another is handed to him, taken from the body of blessed Peter, in solemn manner, by the prior of the deacons. Thus then, a delay, as much as his business seemed to require, having been held at Rome, with plenitude of grace, the question however being reserved, leave having been taken, he returned to Duke Roger in Sicily; who, receiving him returning with honor, after they had in mutual colloquies often and at length familiarly conferred with one another on many matters and such as seemed sufficient, galleys having been given to him by the lord duke, as many as he had necessary for retracing the journey, making use of favorable breezes, conveyed to Syria, he reached the mouth of the Orontes, which river flows past Antioch; which place in the vulgar appellation is called the port of Saint Simeon, at a distance of about ten miles, more or less, from Antioch.

CAPUT XIV. Rediens, a clero suo, instinctu principis non recipitur; in terram secedit comitis Edessani; tandem cum principe pacificatus, Antiochiam ingreditur.

CHAPTER 14. Returning, he is not received by his clergy, at the instigation of the prince; he withdraws into the land of the Count of Edessa; at length, reconciled with the prince, he enters Antioch.

Postquam ergo, sicut dictum est, dominus patriarcha Coelesyriam advenit, et suae ita vicinus factus est civitati, scribit Ecclesiae suae ut, die statuta, ei extra civitatem, in loco praenominato cum processione solemniter occurrant. Qui principis favore freti, qui eum, ut praediximus, odio inexorabili contra fidelitatis debitum, quo eidem tenebatur astrictus, persequebatur, omnino facere, vel eidem obedire negant; sed et introitum civitatis, per principis violentiam penitus interdicunt. Ille vero intelligens cleri sui malitiam, et eorum de quibus longe aliter meruerat, aversionem, principis quoque obstinatam indignationem, secessit in montana, quae urbi conterminata sunt, quae vulgo dicuntur Nigra; ibi in monasteriis, quibus locus ille abundat, moram faciens praestolabatur, ut rancore deposito, humaniore sententia tam dominus princeps quam clerus suus, eum in urbem revocarent.

After therefore, as has been said, the lord patriarch came to Coelesyria and thus became so near to his own city, he writes to his Church that, on the appointed day, they should meet him solemnly with a procession outside the city, in the place aforesaid. They, relying on the favor of the prince, who, as we have foretold, pursued him with implacable hatred, against the debt of fidelity by which he was bound to him, altogether refuse to do this or to obey him; nay more, they utterly forbid his entrance into the city through the prince’s violence. He, however, understanding the malice of his clergy, and the aversion of those from whom he had far otherwise deserved, and the prince’s obstinate indignation as well, withdrew into the mountains contiguous to the city, which in the common tongue are called the Black Mountains; there, making a stay in the monasteries with which that place abounds, he awaited that, rancor having been laid aside, with a more humane judgment both the lord prince and his own clergy would recall him into the city.

Princeps sane solito amplius et manifestius ipsi oppositum se dabat; auxerat enim odium et majora dederat incendia Arnulfus, qui de Sicilia eidem principi scripserat, quod idem patriarcha cum duce Rogero, ejus aemulo, contra eum pactis secretioribus convenerat; et in argumentum assertionis suae praetendebat, quod eum per Siciliam redeuntem, muneribus et multa praevenerat honorificentia, et galeas ad iter contulerat necessarias; quae omnia ad persuasionem merito videbantur operari. Dum itaque in locis praedictis moraretur, comes Edessanus, Joscelinus junior, tum odio principis, tum favore patriarchae, eum, missis ad hoc specialiter nuntiis, ut in terram suam secure et confidenter cum omni suo descendat comitatu, diligenter invitat. Favebant enim praedicto patriarchae illius regionis episcopi, et tanquam dominum et patrem devote venerabantur: Edessanus videlicet Coriciensis et Hierapolitanus archiepiscopi.

The prince, indeed, was showing himself more than usual and more manifestly opposed to him; for Arnulf had increased the hatred and had given greater fuel to the fires, who had written from Sicily to the same prince that the same patriarch had, with Duke Roger, his rival, come to terms against him by more secret pacts; and in argument of his assertion he put forward that, as he was returning through Sicily, he had forestalled him with gifts and much honor, and had furnished galleys necessary for the journey; all which seemed deservedly to work toward persuasion. While, therefore, he was staying in the aforesaid places, the Count of Edessa, Joscelin the Younger, both from hatred of the prince and from favor toward the patriarch, diligently invites him, having sent messengers specially for this, that he descend into his land safely and confidently with all his comitatus. For the bishops of that region favored the aforesaid patriarch, and devoutly venerated him as lord and father: namely, the Edessan, the Corycian, and the Hierapolitan archbishops.

Illorum ergo vocatione tractus, ad eos descendit, honorifice nimis ab omnibus illius regionis tractatus praelatis; sed et comes juxta id quod ei promiserat, humanissime et devote multum ejus suscepit adventum, et moram gratanter amplexus est. Princeps vero, pecunia, ut dicitur, redemptus, ore, non corde, eidem gratiam suam, per quorumdam utriusque familiarium interventionem, restituit, et nuntios dirigens ad ingressum civitatis et reditum ad propria verbis pacificis in dolo, familiarius invitat. Quod audiens patriarcha, maturat reditum; et assumens sibi vicinos illos episcopos, quorum sibi devotionem in illa sua adversitate certis indiciis expertus fuerat necessariam, Antiochiam pervenit: ubi occurrens ei universa Ecclesia et populus universus, sed et equestris ordinis cum principe maxima multitudo, cum hymnis et canticis, pontificalibus indutus, solemniter in civitatem et in majorem ecclesiam, dehinc in palatium suum introductus est.

Drawn therefore by their summons, he went down to them, being treated most honorifically by all the prelates of that region; and the count also, according to what he had promised him, most humanely and devotedly welcomed his advent, and gladly embraced his stay. But the prince, ransomed by money, as it is said, with the mouth, not with the heart, restored to him his favor through the intervention of certain familiars of both households, and, sending messengers, with peaceful words in guile, more intimately invites him to enter the city and to return to his own. Hearing this, the patriarch hastens his return; and taking with himself those neighboring bishops, whose devotion to him he had by sure tokens experienced as necessary in that his adversity, he arrived at Antioch: where the whole Church and the entire people came out to meet him, and also a very great multitude of the equestrian order with the prince; with hymns and songs, vested in pontificals, he was solemnly led into the city and into the greater church, and thence into his palace.

CAPUT XV. Lugdunensis archiepiscopus, apostolicae seais legatus, apud Accon defungitur; dirigitur ad idem Albericus, episcopus Hostiensis. Synodus apud Antiochiam indicitur.

CHAPTER 15. The archbishop of Lyon, legate of the Apostolic See, dies at Acre; Alberic, the bishop of Ostia, is sent to the same. A synod is convened at Antioch.

Interea legatus quidam Ecclesiae Romanae, Petrus nomine, natione Burgundio, Lugdunensis archiepiscopus, missus a domino Innocentio papa ut causae praedictae debitum finem imponat, venit in Syriam, apud Accon applicans. Erat autem vir vitae venerabilis, simplex ac timens Deum, longaevus, et jam in senium vergens. Qui statim, ex quo Syriam ingressus est, Hierosolymam orationis gratia profectus est: unde sub compendio digressus, urgentibus eum praedictis Lamberto et Arnulfo, ut Antiochiam, uti finem impositurus, acceleraret, Accon iterum pervenit; ubi gravi correptus aegritudine, antequam procederet, veneno, ut dicitur, in potu ministrato, subito deficiens, in fata concessit.

Meanwhile a certain legate of the Roman Church, Peter by name, a Burgundian by nation, archbishop of Lyons, sent by lord Pope Innocent to impose the due end upon the aforesaid cause, came into Syria, making landfall at Accon. He was, moreover, a man of venerable life, simple and God-fearing, long-lived, and now verging into old age. Who immediately, as soon as he had entered Syria, set out to Jerusalem for the sake of prayer; whence, departing by a short cut, with the aforesaid Lambert and Arnulf urging him to hasten to Antioch, as one who would impose an end, he came to Accon again; where, seized by a grievous sickness, before he could proceed, with poison, as it is said, administered in drink, suddenly failing, he passed away into death.

Praenominati autem patriarchae adversarii, Antiochiam properantes, omnimodo destituti auxilio, spe quoque quam de adventu legati conceperant, frustrati, viae et laborum, quae per tot pertulerant tempora, taedio fatigati, per interventores, quos ad hoc reputabant idoneos, pacem supplices postulant, restitutionem beneficiorum suorum implorant, accusationi renuntiare parati, et fidelitatem exhibere. Lambertus in archidiaconatum restituitur; Arnulfus vero nihil humanitatis inveniens, principis iterum fretus auxilio, solita longanimitate iterum ad labores et iter accingitur; Romamque proficiscens, iterum opportune et importune pulsat; tandemque precibus proterve insistens, obtinet ut praedictus legatus, de quo nobis in praesenti sermo est, in Syriam dirigatur. Qui Hierosolymam, ut praemisimus, adveniens, completis orationibus, dominum patriarcham et universos regni pontifices ad synodum convocans, apud Antiochiam pridie Kal.

The aforementioned adversaries of the patriarch, hastening to Antioch, altogether bereft of aid, and also frustrated of the hope which they had conceived from the advent of the legate, wearied by the tedium of the journey and of the labors which they had endured for so long a time, through intermediaries whom they reckoned suitable for this, humbly beg for peace, implore the restitution of their benefices, ready to renounce the accusation and to exhibit fealty. Lambert is restored to the archdeaconate; but Arnulf, finding no humanity, again relying on the aid of the prince, with his wonted longanimity girds himself anew for labors and for the journey; and setting out for Rome, he again presses, in season and out of season; and at length, insisting with shameless petitions, he obtains that the aforesaid legate, of whom there is speech for us at present, be directed to Syria. He, arriving at Jerusalem, as we have premised, his prayers completed, summoning the lord patriarch and all the bishops of the kingdom to a synod, at Antioch on the day before the Kalends.

Decembris celebrandam, illuc cum omni celeritate contendit.

to be celebrated on the day before the Kalends of December, he hastened thither with all speed.

CAPUT XVI. In coetu episcoporum adversus patriarcham accusatio proponitur; citatur, sed venire differt. Serlo Apamiensis archiepiscopus, ejus fautor, deponitur.

CHAPTER 16. In an assembly of bishops an accusation is proposed against the patriarch; he is cited, but delays to come. Serlo, archbishop of Apamea, his supporter, is deposed.

Die igitur statuta adfuerunt de dioecesi Hierosolymitana dominus Willelmus patriarcha, Gaudentius Caesariensis archiepiscopus, Anshelmus Bethlehemita episcopus: adfuit et dominus Fulcherus Tyrensis archiepiscopus, sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae multum devotus, et fidelis, in quo tota legato spes erat consummationis negotii; erat autem vir magnanimus, et discretus plurimum; adfuit cum duobus de suffraganeis suis, Bernardo videlicet Sidoniense, et Balduino Berythense. De provincia autem Antiochena, quoniam viciniores erant, adfuerunt universi, quorum varia nimis et ab invicem dissona erant desideria. Nam Stephanus Tarsensis archiepiscopus, Gerardus Laodicensis, Hugo Gabulensis episcopi, canonicorum contra dominum patriarcham fovebant causam.

Therefore on the appointed day there were present from the Jerusalem diocese Lord William the patriarch, Gaudentius the Caesarean archbishop, Anselm the Bethlehemitan bishop: there was also present Lord Fulcher the Tyrian archbishop, very devoted and faithful to the Holy Roman Church, in whom the whole hope of the legate was for the consummation of the business; moreover, he was a magnanimous man, and very discreet; he was present with two of his suffragans, namely Bernard of Sidon, and Baldwin of Berytus. But from the Antiochene province, since they were nearer, all were present, whose desires were very diverse and mutually dissonant. For Stephen the Tarsian archbishop, Gerard of Laodicea, Hugh of Gabulum, bishops, were fostering the cause of the canons against the lord patriarch.

Franco autem Hieropolitanus, et Gerardus Coriciensis, Serlo quoque Apamiensis, licet ei ab initio adversarius fuisset, conversus ad eum, domino patriarchae, suum manifeste praestabant patrocinium. Alii in neutram partem manifeste videbantur declinare. Die ergo praefixa, residentibus archiepiscopis, episcopis, abbatibus, ex more in ecclesia Principis apostolorum, et pontificalibus indutis, praesidente domino legato, et vices domini papae obtinente, lectus est ibi in publico mandatorum domini papae tenor.

But Franco of Hierapolis and Gerard of Coricia, and Serlo also of Apamea—although he had been his adversary from the beginning, turned to him—were openly affording their patronage to the lord patriarch. Others seemed to incline manifestly to neither side. Therefore on the appointed day, the archbishops, bishops, and abbots being seated, according to custom, in the church of the Prince of the Apostles, and vested in pontificals, with the lord legate presiding and holding the vicarious place of the lord pope, the tenor of the mandates of the lord pope was there read in public.

Quo perlecto diligentius et plenius cognito, prodierunt in publicum accusatores, Arnulfus saepe dictus, et Lambertus archidiaconus; qui, licet prius cum domino patriarcha convenisset in dolo et beneficii sui obtinuisset restitutionem, tamen conversus in arcum pravum, denuo se constituit accusatorem. Adjunctique sunt eis alii etiam complures, videntes non satis prospere tempora domino patriarchae respondere. Hic etiam erat illud manifeste verum deprehendere, quod Naso noster proverbialiter dicendum tradidit:

When this had been read through and more diligently and fully understood, the accusers came forth into the public, Arnulf, so often mentioned, and Lambert the archdeacon; who, although earlier he had come to terms with the lord patriarch by guile and had obtained the restitution of his benefice, yet, turned into a crooked bow, again set himself up as accuser. And many others, too, were joined to them, seeing that the times were not responding all that prosperously for the lord patriarch. Here also it was possible manifestly to deprehend as true that which our Naso handed down to be said proverbially:

Donec eris felix multos numerabis amicos:
Tempora si fuerint nubila, solus eris.

As long as you are fortunate, you will count many friends:
If times should be cloudy, you will be alone.

Procedentes igitur in publicum auditorium accusatores, paratos se dicunt, secundum juris regulas, porrectis libellis accusatoriis, ad accusandum procedere; et subire, si deficiant, talionem. Erant autem capitula, super quibus proposuerant eum impetere, schedulis inscripta. Quaedam de enormi et indisciplinato, et contra regulas sanctorum Patrum, ejus introitu; quaedam de ejus incontinentia et operibus Simoniacis.

Proceeding therefore into the public auditorium, the accusers declare themselves ready, according to the rules of law, with accusatory libelli presented, to proceed to accuse; and to undergo, if they should fail, the talion. Now the heads, on which they had proposed to impeach him, were written on schedules: some concerning his enormous and undisciplined entry, and contrary to the rules of the holy Fathers; some concerning his incontinence and Simoniacal works.

His instanter postulantibus ut se praesentem exhiberet, mittuntur qui eum ad synodum solemniter invitent; et ut ad objecta veniat responsurus, moneant; qui omnino venire refutavit. Ea itaque die nihil amplius processum est in verbo illo, nisi quod exhortatorios habuerunt sermones ad invicem, sicut moris est in talibus. Secunda iterum die, convenientes denuo, et ex ordine residentes, iterum citatorio edicto dominum patriarcham solemniter vocant; qui sicut et pridie, omnino venire noluit.

With these urgently demanding that he present himself, messengers are sent to invite him solemnly to the synod, and to admonish him to come to answer the objections; and he utterly refused to come. Therefore on that day nothing further was proceeded in that matter, except that they held exhortatory discourses to one another, as is the custom in such cases. On the second day again, assembling anew and sitting in order, they again by a citatory edict solemnly summon the lord patriarch; who, just as on the day before, was altogether unwilling to come.

Interim Serlo Apamiensis archiepiscopus, in choro pontificum sine veste residens nuptiali: non enim more aliorum indutus erat pontificalibus; a domino legato convenitur, quare reliquis fratribus non consonaret; et quare ad accusandum, sicut aliquando fecerat, non procederet? Respondit: Quod aliquando feci, inconsulto calore et contra salutem animae meae, detrahens patri meo, et more maledicti Cham, verenda patris discooperiens, operatus sum; et nunc ab errore devio me, auctore Domino, revocans, nec eum accusare, nec judicare praesumptuose, tentabo; sed pro ejus statu et incolumitate, paratus sum usque ad mortem decertare. Praecipitur ergo exire; et data in eum sententia excommunicationis simul et degradationis, sive juste, sive aliter, ab omni officio sacerdotali et pontificali depositus est. Tantus enim timor domini principis, in partem legati nimium proclivis, omnes invaserat, ut jam nulla contradicendi libertas alicui praestaretur.

Meanwhile Serlo, archbishop of Apamea, sitting in the choir of the pontiffs without the nuptial garment—for he was not, in the manner of the others, clothed in the pontificals—is confronted by the lord legate as to why he was not consonant with the remaining brothers, and why he did not proceed to accuse, as at one time he had done. He replied: What I once did, in unadvised heat and against the salvation of my soul, detracting from my father, and, after the manner of the accursed Ham, uncovering a father’s privities, I have done; and now, withdrawing myself from error, the Lord being the author in recalling me, I will attempt neither to accuse him nor to judge presumptuously; but for his estate and incolumity I am prepared to contend even unto death. He is therefore ordered to go out; and, a sentence of excommunication and at the same time of degradation having been passed upon him, whether justly or otherwise, he was deposed from every sacerdotal and pontifical office. For so great a fear of the lord prince, too much inclined to the legate’s side, had invaded all, that now no liberty of gainsaying was granted to anyone.

Incendebat eumdem principem, minus providum et indiscretum, quidam Petrus Armoinus, praesidii civitatis custos, vir malitiosus supra modum, sperans, quod si patriarcham deponi contingeret, quemdam nepotem suum Aimericum nomine (quem dominus patriarcha in suam perniciem, ejusdem ecclesiae decanum fecerat) posset per seductum principem, in sedem illam provehere: quod et factum est. Serlo igitur, sive de facto, sive de jure depositus, Antiochia egrediens, in suam dioecesim se contulit; perveniensque ad castrum Harenc, aegritudine praeventus, et curarum anxius pondere, lecto decubuit: et conversus ad parietem, injuriarum enormitatem non ferens, exspiravit.

He was being inflamed, the same prince—less provident and indiscreet—by a certain Peter Armoinus, keeper of the city’s garrison, a man malicious beyond measure, hoping that, if it should befall that the patriarch be deposed, a certain nephew of his named Aimericus (whom the lord patriarch, to his own ruin, had made dean of the same church) he could, through a seduced prince, advance into that see: which also was done. Serlo, therefore, whether de facto or de jure deposed, going out from Antioch, betook himself into his own diocese; and coming to the castle Harenc, overtaken by sickness, and anxious under the weight of cares, he lay down on his bed: and, turning to the wall, not bearing the enormity of the injuries, he expired.

CAPUT XVII. Patriarcha quasi contumax absens deponitur; ignominiose tractatus, vinculis mancipatur; Romam iterum profectus, ex parte gratiam obtinet; sed rediens veneno interit.

CHAPTER 17. The patriarch, as if contumacious, is deposed in absentia; treated ignominiously, he is consigned to chains; having set out for Rome again, he obtains favor in part; but returning, he perishes by poison.

Tertia demum die iterum convenientes et residentes ex ordine, tertio dirigunt, qui dominum patriarcham peremptorio citent edicto, et ut veniat objectis responsurus, moneant. Qui, utrum conscientiam veritus, an contra se synodum invidiose collectam sciens et principis violentiam timens, pro certo compertum non habemus, venire, sicut et prius, omnino negavit. Erat autem in palatio suo cum suis familiaribus, multo stipatus equitum et popularium comitatu; confluxerant enim ad ejus subsidium universi de civitate, qui nisi principis timuissent potentiam, legatum cum universis qui in ejus depositionem convenerant, urbe cum ignominia parati erant depellere.

At last on the third day, meeting again and sitting in due order, they for the third time dispatch those who should cite the lord patriarch by a peremptory edict, and admonish him to come to answer the objections laid. He, whether fearing his conscience, or knowing that a synod had been invidiously gathered against him and fearing the prince’s violence—we do not have it ascertained for certain—altogether refused to come, just as before. He was, however, in his palace with his familiars, closely thronged by a great escort of knights and of the populace; for all from the city had flowed together to his aid, who, had they not feared the prince’s power, were ready to drive out from the city with ignominy the legate together with all who had come together for his deposition.

Videns ergo legatus quod ad se venire nolebat patriarcha, de domini principis confisus patrocinio et viribus, in palatium ascendit, ibique data in eum depositionis sententia, annulum et crucem compulit violenter resignare; inde jubente legato, principi traditus, et vinculis miserabiliter alligatus, tanquam vir sanguinum ignominiose tractatus, apud monasterium Sancti Simeonis, juxta mare, in monte eminentissimo situm, carceri mancipatus est. Fuit autem idem dominus Radulphus (nam nos ipsi in nostra pueritia vidimus eum) vir specie decorus, procerus corpore, oculis aliquantulum obliquis, non tamen ad indecentem modum; litteratus mediocriter, sed facundus plurimum, et jucundissimi sermonis, multam habens gratiam; liberalis admodum, militarium virorum, sed et secundae classis favorem non modicum assecutus; promissorum et pactorum facile immemor; in verbo suo varius et inconstans, subdolus, ac nimium in omni via sua multiplex, providus et discretus; in eo solo repertus imprudentior, quod adversarios quos sibi merito suscitaverat, in gratiam suam redire volentes, non admiserat. Dicebatur etenim, et vere sic erat, arrogans, et de se plus aequo praesumens: unde in eum devenit casum, quem si aliquantulum circumspectius se habuisset, facile potuisset declinare.

Therefore, seeing that the patriarch was unwilling to come to him, the legate, trusting in the lord prince’s patronage and forces, went up into the palace, and there, a sentence of deposition having been pronounced against him, compelled him by violence to resign ring and cross; then, at the legate’s order, he was handed over to the prince, and wretchedly bound in chains, ignominiously treated as a man of blood, and consigned to prison at the monastery of Saint Simeon, near the sea, situated on a very lofty mountain. Moreover, this same lord Radulph (for we ourselves in our boyhood saw him) was a man comely in appearance, tall in body, with eyes somewhat oblique, yet not to an unbecoming degree; moderately lettered, but very eloquent, and of most delightful discourse, having much grace; very liberal, having acquired no small favor of men of arms, but also of the second rank; easily forgetful of promises and pacts; variable and inconstant in his word, underhanded, and overly manifold in all his ways, provident and discreet; found more imprudent in this alone, that he did not admit into his favor the adversaries whom he had deservedly stirred up against himself, although they wished to return. For it was said, and truly so it was, that he was arrogant, and presuming more than was equitable about himself: whence he fell into that mischance which, had he borne himself a little more circumspectly, he could easily have avoided.

Captus ergo et catenatus in monasterio diu detentus, tandem elapsus, Romam profectus est. Ibi aliquatenus gratiam sedis apostolicae assecutus, dum redire maturaret, veneno hausto, sceleris ministro porrigente nescimus quo, miserabiliter interiit; in se ipso, quidquid utraque fortuna facere poterat, alter Marius, plenius expertus.

Therefore captured and chained and long detained in the monastery, at length having slipped away, he set out for Rome. There, having to some extent obtained the favor of the Apostolic See, while he was hastening to return, poison having been taken, with the minister of the crime proffering it—we know not who—he perished miserably; in his own person, another Marius, having more fully experienced whatever either fortune could do.

CAPUT XVIII. Legatus Hierosolymam redit; synodum celebrat; templum dedicat Dominicum.

CHAPTER 18. The Legate returns to Jerusalem; holds a synod; dedicates the Lord's temple.

Legatus igitur, deposito patriarcha, et consummatis apud Antiochiam pro quibus venerat negotiis, Hierosolymam reversus est; ubi usque ad solemnitatem Paschalem moram faciens, habito prius consilio cum praelatis ecclesiarum, tertia post sanctum Pascha die, una cum domino patriarcha et episcoporum nonnullis, templum Domini solemniter dedicavit. Adfuerunt ibi dedicationis die, multi tam de partibus ultramontanis quam de cismarinis regionibus, magni et nobiles viri. Inter quos adfuit et dominus Joscelinus junior, comes Edessanus, qui tunc in solemnibus sancti Paschae diebus, magnifice nimis in civitate moram faciebat.

Therefore the legate, the patriarch having been deposed, and the businesses at Antioch for which he had come having been consummated, returned to Jerusalem; where, making a stay until the solemnity of Pascha, after first having held counsel with the prelates of the churches, on the third day after holy Pascha, together with the lord patriarch and several bishops, he solemnly dedicated the Temple of the Lord. Many great and noble men were present there on the day of the dedication, both from ultramontane parts and from cismarine regions. Among them there was also lord Joscelin the Younger, count of Edessa, who then, in the solemn days of holy Pascha, was staying in the city with exceeding magnificence.

Qua celebritate completa, convocatis archiepiscopis, episcopis et aliis ecclesiarum praelatis, una cum domino patriarcha concilium celebravit, in primitiva et ecclesiarum matre sancta Sion, tractans ibi cum eis de his quae instanti tempori videbantur convenire. Cui synodo interfuit Maximus Armeniorum pontifex, imo omnium episcoporum Cappadociae, Mediae, Persidis, et utriusque Armeniae princeps, et doctor eximius, qui Catholicus dicitur. Cum hoc etiam de fidei articulis, in quibus a nobis dissentire videtur populus ejus, habitus est tractatus; et ex parte ejus, promissa est in multis correctio.

When that solemnity was completed, the archbishops, bishops, and other prelates of the churches having been convoked, together with the lord patriarch he celebrated a council, in Holy Sion, the primitive church and mother of the churches, there treating with them about those things which seemed to suit the pressing time. At this synod there was present the supreme pontiff of the Armenians—nay, the prince of all the bishops of Cappadocia, Media, Persia, and both Armenias—and a distinguished doctor, who is called the Catholicus. With him also a tractation was held concerning the articles of the faith, in which his people seems to dissent from us; and on his part, correction in many things was promised.

Quibus rite peractis, praedictus legatus ad Acconensem rediens civitatem, inde parato navigio, Romam reversus est. Clerus vero Antiochenus, et maxime qui in depositione domini Radulphi conspiraverant, instinctu et suggestione principis et maximorum, ut dicitur, interventu munerum, elegerunt sibi quemdam ejusdem Ecclesiae subdiaconum, Aimericum nomine, Lemovicensem natione, hominem absque litteris, et conversationis non satis honestae, quem praedictus dominus Radulphus, arbitrans eum sibi reddere obligatiorem et fideliorem amplius, in decanum ejusdem Ecclesiae promoverat, spe frustratus. Nam ab ea die cum ejus adversariis dicitur convenisse; et in benefactoris sui, fidelitatis immemor, conspirasse depositionem.

These things having been duly accomplished, the aforesaid legate, returning to the city of Acre, from there, with a ship prepared, returned to Rome. But the Antiochene clergy, and especially those who had conspired in the deposition of Lord Ralph, by the instigation and suggestion of the prince and of the greatest men, as it is said, with the intervention of gifts, elected for themselves a certain subdeacon of the same Church, by the name Aimeric, Limousin by nation, a man without letters and of conversation—not sufficiently honorable—whom the aforesaid Lord Ralph, supposing that he would render himself more obliged and more faithful to him, had promoted to dean of the same Church, a hope frustrated. For from that day he is said to have agreed with his adversaries; and, unmindful of fidelity toward his benefactor, to have conspired his deposition.

Quod autem de ejus promotione factum est, Petrus quidam cognomine Armoinus, ejusdem civitatis castellanus, artibus suis et multa munerum profusione dicitur effecisse, et tam clerum quam principem ad id impulisse, eo quod ejus esset consanguineus.

But as to what was done concerning his promotion, a certain Peter, surnamed Armoinus, castellan of the same city, is said to have effected it by his arts and by a great profusion of gifts, and to have impelled both the clergy and the prince to that end, by reason of his consanguinity with him.

CAPUT XIX. Rursus imperator in Syriam descendit, ad pacta prius inita principem invitat.

CHAPTER 19. Again the emperor descends into Syria, invites the prince to the pacts previously entered.

Per idem tempus, quatuor vix evolutis plene annis ex quo a Tarso Ciliciae et universa Syria discesserat, dominus Joannes Constantinopolitanus imperator, reparatis viribus et legionibus revocatis, crebris domini principis et Antiochenorum nuntiis excitus, iterum expeditiones, iterum exercitus in Syriam dirigens, in multitudine virtutis suae, in curribus et equis, in thesauris infinitis et innumerabilibus copiis, iter versus Antiochenas dirigit partes. Enavigato igitur Bosphoro, qui limes Europae Asiaeque intelligitur, transcursis mediis provinciis, Attaliam usque pervenit, quae est urbs maxima, in littore maris sita, provinciae Pamphyliae metropolis: in hac dum moram faceret dominus imperator, duo de filiis ejus, Alexius videlicet primogenitus, et natu secundus Andronicus, languore correpti gravissimo, extremum morientes clauserunt diem. Vocansque imperator natu tertium, Isaacium nomine, cum fratrum funeribus defunctorum, ut ea humanitatis gratia procurans et exsequiarum novissimam exhibere faciens reverentiam tumulis mandaret, prout imperialem decebat magnificentiam, Constantinopolim remisit; ubi, sepultis fratribus, juxta patris imperium in urbe, usque ad patris obitum moram fecit continuam.

At the same time, with scarcely four years fully run since he had departed from Tarsus of Cilicia and from all Syria, Lord John, the Constantinopolitan emperor, with his forces repaired and his legions recalled, stirred by frequent messages from the lord prince and the Antiochenes, directing again expeditions, again armies into Syria, in the multitude of his valor, in chariots and horses, with infinite treasures and innumerable supplies, set his march toward the Antiochene parts. Therefore, the Bosporus having been sailed across, which is understood as the boundary of Europe and Asia, and the intervening provinces traversed, he came as far as Attalia, which is a very great city, situated on the shore of the sea, the metropolis of the province of Pamphylia: while the lord emperor was making a stay in this city, two of his sons, namely Alexius the firstborn, and Andronicus the second by birth, seized by a very grave languor, died and closed their last day. And the emperor, calling the third by birth, Isaac by name, together with the funerals of the deceased brothers—so that, attending to these by a grace of humanity and rendering the final reverence of the obsequies, he might commit them to the tombs, as befitted imperial magnificence—sent him back to Constantinople; where, the brothers having been buried, in accordance with his father’s command, he made a continual stay in the city until his father’s death.

Pater vero natu novissimum sibi assumens Manuelem, inceptum prosequens iter, transcursa Isauria, in Ciliciam pervenit: inde peragrata Cilicia subito, vix eum fama sui adventus praeveniente, in terra comitis Edessani, cum omnibus copiis suis ingressus, ex insperato ante Tubessel consedit. Est autem praedictus locus castrum opulentissimum, circa Euphraten, ab eo distans milliaribus viginti quatuor, vel modicum amplius. Ad quem locum, postquam pervenit imperator, petiit a comite Joscelino juniore obsides, qui de subito ejus attonitus et admirans ingressu, videns ejus incomparabiles copias, et quas nemo regum terrae sustinere posse videretur, seque imparatum, et omnino ad resistendum non posse sufficere, de necessitate faciens virtutem, unam ex filiabus suis, Isabellam nomine, tradidit ei obsidem.

The father, indeed, taking to himself his youngest by birth, Manuel, prosecuting the undertaken journey, with Isauria traversed, came into Cilicia; thence, Cilicia having been thoroughly traversed, suddenly, with scarcely the report of his arrival preceding him, having entered the land of the count of Edessa with all his forces, he unexpectedly encamped before Tubessel. Now the aforesaid place is a most opulent fortress, near the Euphrates, distant from it by 24 miles, or a little more. To which place, after the emperor arrived, he sought hostages from Count Joscelin the Younger, who, thunderstruck and admiring at his sudden entry, seeing his incomparable forces—such as none of the kings of the earth would seem able to withstand—and himself unprepared and altogether not able to suffice for resistance, making a virtue of necessity, handed over to him one of his daughters, named Isabella, as a hostage.

Hoc autem ad nihil aliud exigebat, nisi ut comitem hoc vinculo arctius sibi devinctum, ad prosequenda mandata sua haberet fideliorem. Inde versus Antiochiam universos dirigens exercitus, illucque sub omni eeleritate contendens, secus oppidum quoddam, nomine Gastun, exercitus collocavit mense Septembre, vicesima quinta die mensis. Inde nuntios ad principem dirigens mandat, ut juxta pactorum legem, inter se prius initam, urbem ei cum urbis praesidio et omnibus indifferenter civitatis munitionibus, resignet; ut inde finitimis hostium civitatibus guerram posset inferre, quasi de vicino commodius; et ipse versa vice, quantum in se erat, paratum se constanter asseverat, pacta quae scriptis indita prius fuerant, larga interpretatione complere et insuper addere mensuram bonam et confertam, secundum qualitatem meritorum.

He, however, aimed at nothing else by this except that, by this bond, he might have the count, more tightly bound to himself, the more faithful for the prosecution of his mandates. Thence, directing all the armies toward Antioch and hastening thither with all speed, he placed the army beside a certain town named Gastun, in the month of September, on the twenty-fifth day of the month. Thence sending messengers to the prince he commands that, according to the law of the pacts earlier entered between them, he resign to him the city together with the garrison of the city and, without distinction, all the city’s fortifications; that from there he might be able to wage war upon the neighboring cities of the enemy, the more conveniently as from close at hand; and he, in his turn, so far as was in him, steadfastly avers himself prepared to fulfill, with a liberal interpretation, the pacts which had previously been put into writings, and moreover to add a good and pressed-down measure, according to the quality of deserts.

CAPUT XX. Cives missa legatione ad imperatorem pactis contradicunt, et ingressum inhibent.

CHAPTER 20. The citizens, a legation having been sent to the emperor, contradict the pacts, and inhibit the entry.

Princeps vero Antiochenus, dominus Raimundus, qui prius eum tam frequentibus citaverat nuntiis, videns se in arcto constitutum, seque pactorum lege obligatum sciens, haeret dubius quid faciat; convocatisque majoribus et primoribus tam civitatis quam regionis universae, partes ingreditur deliberationis, consilium postulans, quid facto sit opus in re tam periculosa. Illi vero post multam deliberationem unanimiter convenientes, nullatenus arbitrantur expedire statui regionis, quod urbs tam nobilis, tam potens, tam munita, in manus aliquo pacto tradatur imperatoris; futurum enim esse ut per ignaviam Graecorum, sicut non semel ante contigit, civitas in manus hostium deveniret, simul cum universa regione. Sed ne princeps fidei violatae merito possit argui, colorem quaerunt, quo velari possit principis factum minus commendabile; id enim pactis priore ejus adventu, inter eos convenerat, ut praemisimus, ut ei civitatem sine difficultate traderet; idque postmodum frequentibus nuntiis ad veniendum in Syriam eum invitans, promiserat se bona fide servaturum.

The Antiochene prince, lord Raymond, who earlier had summoned him with such frequent messages, seeing himself placed in a strait and knowing himself bound by the law of the pacts, hesitates, doubtful what he should do; and, the elders and the foremost men both of the city and of the whole region having been convoked, he enters upon the parts of deliberation, asking for counsel as to what it is needful to do in so perilous a matter. But they, after much deliberation and coming together unanimously, judge by no means that it is expedient for the status of the region that a city so noble, so powerful, so fortified, be delivered by any pact into the hands of the emperor; for it would come to pass that through the ignavia (sloth) of the Greeks, as not once only had happened before, the city would fall into the hands of the enemies, together with the whole region. But lest the prince might with reason be accused of violated faith, they seek a color (pretext) by which the less commendable deed of the prince might be veiled; for by the pacts at his earlier arrival, as we have premised, it had been agreed between them that he would hand over the city to him without difficulty; and this afterwards, inviting him with frequent messages to come into Syria, he had promised that he would in good faith observe.

Ut ergo principem in hac parte quocunque modo habeant excusatum, legatos dirigunt ad imperatorem, de nobilioribus regionis, qui ei ex parte beati Petri, domini quoque patriarchae, et civium universorum ingressum civitatis inhibeant, significentque: Se principis facta quae praecesserant, rata omnino non habituros, neque eumdem principem sic paciscendi in uxoris haereditate, de jure habuisse facultatem; sed neque eamdem, absque conniventia civium et procerum, transferendi dominium in aliam personam habuisse, vel habere omnino potestatem; aut auctoritatem, in injuriam civium vel principum regionis transigendi, ullam aliquo jure, alterutri illorum concessam. Quod si in hoc vel uterque, vel alter, obstinate perseverare praesumerent, futurum esse ut, urbe et universis finibus illorum ejectos, extorres faciant ejus, quam cum detrimento fidelium suorum contra jus venalem proposuerant, haereditatis. His verbis motus imperator, et corda civium et provincialium omnium praenoscens, indignatus admodum, in Ciliciam iterum exercitus redire praecipit, ut ingruente hiemis inclementia, orae maritimae committeret temperiei; solet enim esse circa maritimas regiones hibernis diebus aura suavior, et fovendis legionibus commoditas aptior inveniri.

Therefore, that they may have the prince excused in this matter by any means whatsoever, they send legates to the emperor, from among the more noble of the region, who, on behalf of the blessed Peter, of the lord patriarch, and of all the citizens, are to forbid him entrance to the city, and to signify: That they will in no way hold valid the deeds of the prince which had preceded, nor that the same prince had by right the faculty of making such a pact regarding his wife’s inheritance; and that neither did she, without the concurrence of the citizens and the magnates, have, or at all have, the power of transferring the dominion to another person; nor any authority, to the injury of the citizens or of the princes of the region, of transacting, granted by any right to either of them. But if in this either both, or one or the other, should presume obstinately to persevere, it will come to pass that, cast out from the city and all their borders, they will be made exiles from that inheritance which, to the detriment of their own faithful, they had, contrary to right, proposed to make venal. Moved by these words, and foreknowing the hearts of the citizens and of all the provincials, the emperor, very indignant, orders the army to return again into Cilicia, so that, with the inclemency of winter pressing on, he might commit the sea-coast to temperateness; for about the maritime regions in winter days there is wont to be a gentler breeze, and a more fitting commodiousness is found for cherishing the legions.

CAPUT XXI. Imperator ad regem Hierosolymorum nuntios dirigit, simulans se habere propositum loca visitandi venerabilia; et super eodem recipit a rege responsum.

CHAPTER 21. The Emperor sends envoys to the king of Jerusalem, feigning that he has a purpose of visiting the venerable places; and concerning the same he receives an answer from the king.

Videns itaque imperator, civitatis optatum omnino sibi et suis negatum esse introitum, sperans hieme transcursa, grata veris redeunte clementia, circa Antiochiam etiam invitis civibus, aliquid pro votis obtinere; dissimulat mentis conceptum, et occultandi gratia propositi, ad dominum Fulconem Hierosolymorum regem, magnae nobilitatis viros dirigit, significans quod devotionis et orationis gratia, et ut contra hostes in partibus illis opem ferat, libenter, si ita Christianis videretur, veniret. Rex autem, habito consilio, ad ejus petitionem responsa ferentes nuntios remittit, dominum Anselmum Bethlehemitam episcopum, dominum Gaufridum, abbatem templi Domini, Graeca lingua peritum; Roardum arcis Hierosolymitanae castellanum, dicens: Regnum arctissimum esse, nec ad sufficientiam tantae multitudinis, alimentorum copiis abundare; nec tantos, nisi cum famis et rerum necessariarum periculo, sustinere posse exercitus. Verumtamen, si cum decem millibus, ejus Deo amabili placeret imperio, usque ad urbem beatam et loca nostrae salutis venerabilia pervenire, et aliquid pro votis disponere, omnes cum summis desideriis ei obviam exirent; et cum omni laetitia et mentis exsultatione ejus susciperent adventum; et tanquam domino et maximo principi orbis terrarum obedirent. Quod audiens imperator et contra imperialem gloriam reputans, cum tam modica manu proficisci, qui tot millibus semper stipatus incedere consueverat, verbo supersedit; remissisque nuntiis, multa liberalitate, honore et gratia praeventis, ver operiens futurum, hiberna in Cicilia circa Tarsum tempora peregit; aestate proxime futura promittens, et animo gerens, magnum aliquid, et perenni dignum memoria, in Syriae partibus se facturum.

Therefore, seeing that the desired entry of the city had been altogether denied to himself and his own, hoping that, the winter having passed and the welcome clemency of spring returning, around Antioch, even with the citizens unwilling, he might obtain something according to his vows, the emperor dissembles the conception of his mind; and for the sake of concealing his purpose he dispatches men of great nobility to lord Fulk, king of Jerusalem, signifying that for the sake of devotion and prayer, and that he might bring aid against the enemies in those parts, he would gladly come, if it should so seem to the Christians. The king, however, counsel having been taken, sends back messengers bearing answers to his request—lord Anselm, the bishop of Bethlehem; lord Geoffrey, abbot of the Temple of the Lord, skilled in the Greek tongue; Roard, the castellan of the citadel of Jerusalem—saying: That the kingdom was very straitened, nor did it abound in supplies of food to the sufficiency of so great a multitude; nor could it sustain such great armies, except with the danger of famine and of necessary things. Nevertheless, if with ten thousand it should please his God-beloved empire to come as far as the blessed city and the venerable places of our salvation, and to arrange something according to his desires, all would go out to meet him with the highest longings, and with all joy and exultation of mind would receive his coming, and would obey him as lord and greatest prince of the world. Hearing this, and reckoning it contrary to imperial glory to set out with so small a band—he who had been accustomed always to advance thronged by so many thousands—the emperor refrained; and, sending the envoys back after anticipating them with much liberality, honor, and favor, he waited for the coming spring, and spent the winter season in Cilicia around Tarsus; promising, and bearing in mind, that in the next summer he would do something great, and worthy of perennial memory, in the parts of Syria.

Interea quidam nobilis homo Paganus nomine, qui prius fuerat regius pincerna, postmodum habuit terram trans Jordanem, postquam Romanus de Podio, et filius ejus Radulphus, meritis suis exigentibus, ab ea facti sunt exhaeredes et alieni, in finibus Arabiae secundae, castrum aedificavit cui nomen Crahc, natura loci, simul et opere manufacto, munitum valde, juxta urbem antiquissimam ejusdem Arabiae metropolim, prius dictam Raba, in cujus obsidione mandato David, et Joab studio, Urias innocens legitur occisus; postea vero dicta est Petra deserti, unde et secunda Arabia hodie dicitur Petracensis.

Meanwhile, a certain noble man named Paganus, who previously had been the royal cupbearer, afterward held land beyond the Jordan, after Romanus de Podio and his son Radulphus, their own deserts demanding it, had been made disinherited and alien from it; on the borders of Arabia Secunda he built a fortress to which the name Crahc was given, very strongly fortified both by the nature of the place and by man-made work, next to a most ancient city, the metropolis of the same Arabia, formerly called Rabbah, at whose siege, by the command of David and the zeal of Joab, the innocent Uriah is read to have been slain; afterward indeed it was called Petra of the desert, whence also the Second Arabia today is called Petraean.

CAPUT XXII. In Cilicia moram faciens, lethaliter sauciatur imperator, dum venationi dat operam.

CHAPTER 22. While making a stay in Cilicia, the emperor is mortally wounded, as he applies himself to hunting.

Interea circa veris initium, antequam soleant reges exercitus ad bella producere, imperator Constantinopolitanus, silvarum et nemorum, venandi gratia, vehementissimus amator, tollendi studio fastidii, et longa id exigente consuetudine, saltus cum solito et ad hoc deputato comitatu ingreditur; dumque feras solita persequitur diligentia, arcum manu bajulans, et sagittis gravidam de more gestans pharetram, ecce aper, canum deprehensus industria, et importunitate fatigatus, latratibus actus acerbis, ante dominum imperatorem in insidiis positum, necessario habuit transitum; qui correpta mira celeritate sagitta, arcum implet nimis, et sagittae acie toxicata, se ipsum in ea manu vulnerat, qua regebat arcum. Sumpto itaque ex tam levi causa in proprio corpore mortis responso, silvas, morbi compellente molestia, deserens, in castra se contulit; accitaque medicorum frequentia, rem aperit, et sui ipsius mortis causam se existere, dicere non veretur. Illi autem pro domini sui salute valde solliciti, curam adhibent; sed recepta interius pestis mortifera, remedia non audit, et serpens interius et ad interiora progrediens, salutis vias intercludit; unum tamen dicunt et singulare, sed tanto indignum principe, posse adhiberi remedium: si laesa manus, in qua vis tota mali adhuc contineretur, antequam reliquas corporis partes adhuc illaesas inficiat, praecidatur.

Meanwhile, around the beginning of spring, before kings are wont to lead armies out to wars, the Constantinopolitan emperor, a most vehement lover of forests and groves for the sake of hunting, in a zeal for removing tedium, and with long custom requiring it, enters the woodland glades with his usual retinue appointed for this; and while he pursues the wild beasts with his accustomed diligence, bearing a bow in his hand and wearing, as usual, a quiver pregnant with arrows, behold, a boar, seized by the industry of the hounds and wearied by their importunity, driven by bitter barkings, had of necessity a passage before the lord emperor, set in ambush; who, snatching up an arrow with wondrous speed, overdraws the bow, and, the point of the arrow being poisoned, wounds himself in that hand with which he was guiding the bow. Therefore, having taken from so slight a cause in his own body a sentence of death, leaving the forests, the annoyance of illness compelling him, he betook himself to the camp; and, a throng of physicians having been called, he reveals the matter, and does not fear to say that he himself is the cause of his own death. They, however, very anxious for their lord’s health, apply care; but the mortal pest received within does not heed remedies, and, creeping within and advancing to the inner parts, it shuts off the ways of health; yet they say one single remedy can be applied—though unworthy of so great a prince: if the injured hand, in which the whole force of the evil would still be contained, be cut off before it infects the remaining parts of the body still unharmed.

Hoc vir audiens magnanimus, licet doloris angeretur immensitate, et mortem non dubitaret adesse prae foribus, imperiali tamen majestate constanter observata, sprevit; et respondisse dicitur: Indignum esse, ut Romanum imperium una manu regatur! Sinistro igitur eventu, et quo periculosior intervenire nullus poterat, attonitus concutitur exercitus omnis; et pro tanti principis defectu, dolor universas occupat legiones; moeror et anxietas corda sibi vindicant singulorum, et castra omnino insperata replent amaritudine.

This hearing, the magnanimous man, although he was anguished by the immensity of pain, and did not doubt that death stood at the very doors, nevertheless, with imperial majesty steadfastly maintained, spurned it; and he is said to have replied: That it is unworthy that the Roman empire be ruled by one hand! Therefore, at a sinister outcome, than which none more dangerous could intervene, the whole army is shaken, thunderstruck; and at the failing of so great a prince, grief seizes all the legions; mourning and anxiety claim for themselves the hearts of each man, and, altogether unexpected, fill the camp with bitterness.

CAPUT XXIII. Sublimato ad imperium juniore filio, aefungitur imperator. Exercitus, duce Manuele imperatore substituto, domum revertitur.

CHAPTER 23. With the younger son raised to the imperium, the emperor passes away. The army, with Manuel substituted as emperor, returns home.

Videns interea dominus imperator, tanquam vir providus et discretus, sibi certum imminere mortis diem, vocatis ad se consanguineis et affinibus, quorum multa eum turba semper sequi consueverat, primoribus sacri palatii et exercituum primiceriis, de successore imperii inter eos suscitat quaestionem: plurimum dubius quid faciat, an majori natu filiorum suorum Isaacio, quem cum funeribus fratrum suorum ab Attalia, ut praemisimus, remisit Constantinopolim, cui de jure regni primitiva videbantur competere; an juniori filio, qui secum erat, qui optimae et praecipuae erat indolis adolescens et futurus magnus ab omnibus dicebatur, imperii committeret gubernacula. Subjungit etiam et dubitationis causam, dicens: Si huic sceptra imperii concesserimus, legibus humanitatis, quae primogenitum merito faciunt potiorem, videbimur contraire; si vero illi, communibus observatis judiciis, moderamen imperii contulerimus, non erit qui hos exercitus, et totius robur et gloriam Romani imperii domum reducat incolumes. Hostibus enim interjectis, insidias molientibus et undique corrogantibus suffragia, non nisi cum periculo, sine rectore posse pertransire legiones, certum videbatur. Erat autem inter principes vir magnificus, Megadomesticus Joannes nomine, qui cum suis Isaacio multum affectabat imperium conservari; et de incolumi legionum ad propria reditu, dubitantem imperatorem nitebatur confirmare.

Meanwhile the lord emperor, seeing, as a provident and discreet man, that a certain day of death was impending for himself, having called to him his kinsmen by blood and his affines, of whom a great crowd had been accustomed always to follow him, the foremost men of the sacred palace, and the Primicerii of the armies, raises among them the question concerning a successor of the empire: very much doubtful what he should do, whether to entrust the helm of the empire to Isaac, the elder by birth of his sons, whom, together with the funerals of his brothers, he had sent back from Attalia to Constantinople, as we have said above, to whom by right of primogeniture the claims of the kingdom seemed to belong; or to the younger son, who was with him, a youth of the best and foremost natural disposition and by all said to be destined to be great. He subjoins also the cause of his hesitation, saying: If to this one we shall have granted the scepters of the empire, we shall seem to contravene the laws of humanity, which with good right make the firstborn the superior; but if to that one, the common judgments being observed, we shall have conferred the governance of the empire, there will be no one to lead these armies, the strength and glory of the whole Roman empire, back home unharmed. For with enemies interposed, plotting ambushes and on every side canvassing for support, it seemed certain that the legions could pass through not without danger, without a rector. Now there was among the princes a magnificent man, by name the Megadomesticus John, who with his own people greatly desired that the empire be preserved for Isaac; and he strove to strengthen the emperor, who was doubtful about the unharmed return of the legions to their own places.

Porro Manuel junior filius, qui ibidem cum patre praesens erat, universi exercitus, et maxime Latinorum favore et praeconiis extollebatur. De principibus quoque nonnulli ad ejus promotionem omnimodam dabant operam. Patris quoque in eumdem, quia prudentior, et in armis magis strenuus, et omnino affabilior videbatur, affectus magis et gratia erat proclivior; angebat eum etiam maxime exercitus cura propensior.

Moreover Manuel, the younger son, who was present there with his father, was extolled by the favor and proclamations of the whole army, and especially of the Latins. Of the princes also, some were giving every effort for his promotion in every way. The father’s affection too and favor were more inclined toward the same, because he seemed more prudent, more strenuous in arms, and altogether more affable; a more pressing care for the army also was tormenting him most of all.

Sic igitur post multam deliberationem, auctore Domino, obtinuit junior filius, et exhibita sibi in patris praesentia, et eo mandante imperiali reverentia, ocreis, ut mos est in illo imperio, insignitus purpureis, ab universis legionibus certatim Augustus est appellatus. Sic domino Manuele ad apicem promoto imperialem, pater ejus inclytae recordationis, vir inclytus, liberalis, pius, clemens et misericors, in fata concessit. Fuit autem statura mediocris, carne et capillo niger; unde et cognomento dicitur etiam hodie Maurus; facie despicabili, sed moribus conspicuus, et actibus insignis militaribus.

Thus then, after much deliberation, with the Lord as author, the younger son prevailed, and, the imperial reverence having been presented to him in his father’s presence and at his command, he was marked, as is the custom in that empire, with purple greaves; and by all the legions, vying with one another, he was hailed as Augustus. Thus, Lord Manuel having been promoted to the imperial apex, his father—of illustrious memory, a man illustrious, liberal, pious, clement, and merciful—passed to his fate. He was of medium stature, dark in complexion and hair; whence even today by surname he is called the Moor; with a despicable face, but distinguished in character, and marked by notable military deeds.

Defunctus est itaque sub Anavarza, urbe antiquissima, quae est secundae Ciliciae metropolis, in eo loco qui dicitur Pratum Palliorum, anno ab Incarnatione Domini 1137, mense Aprili, imperii vero vicesimo septimo; vitae vero . . . . . . Tandem vero compositis in ea regione negotiis, dominus imperator cum omni sospitate Constantinopolim suos reduxit exercitus; ubi fratrem natu se priorem, palatium, audita patris morte, jam obtinentem, per Misticonem suum, qui palatio et thesauris praeerat universis, missis occulte litteris, ex improviso captum, et nihil tale veritum, in vincula conjecit. Sed postmodum, postquam urbem regiam solemniter ingressus est, per interventionem communium consanguineorum et principum sacri palatii fidelem operam, fratri reconciliatus est; sicque cum tranquillitate debita, juxta patris supremum judicium, obtinuit dominus Manuel monarchiam, fratrem suum tanquam primogenitum, multiplici non cessans, quandiu vixit, honore praevenire, et gratia prosequi cumulatiore.

He died, then, beneath Anavarza, a most ancient city, which is the metropolis of Second Cilicia, in the place that is called the Meadow of the Pallia, in the year from the Incarnation of the Lord 1137, in the month of April, and in the 27th of his reign; of his life indeed . . . . . . At length, however, when the affairs in that region had been set in order, the lord emperor with complete safety led his armies back to Constantinople; where his brother, older than himself by birth, already occupying the palace upon the news of their father’s death, he, through his Mystikos, who presided over the whole palace and the treasuries, by letters sent secretly, had seized unawares, and, suspecting nothing of the kind, cast into chains. But afterwards, after he had solemnly entered the royal city, through the intervention of their common kinsmen and of the princes of the sacred palace giving faithful service, he was reconciled to his brother; and thus with due tranquility, according to the father’s supreme judgment, lord Manuel obtained the monarchy, not ceasing, so long as he lived, to forestall his brother as the firstborn with manifold honor, and to pursue him with more abundant favor.

CAPUT XXIV. Rex et regni principes, ante Ascalonam castrum fundant, cui nomen Ibelin.

CHAPTER 24. The king and the princes of the realm, before Ascalon, found a castle, to which the name Ibelin.

Interea dominus rex Hierosolymorum Fulco, et alii regni principes, una cum domino patriarcha et aliis Ecclesiarum praelatis, volentes Ascalonitarum insolenter nimis desaevientium impetus refrenare, et discurrendi per regionem, nimiam aliquatenus arctare licentiam, constituunt de communi voto, in campestribus juxta urbem Ramulam, non longe a Lidda, quae est Diospolis, castrum aedificare. Erat autem in eadem regione collis aliquantulum editus, supra quem unam de urbibus Philistinorum, traditiones habent fuisse constitutam, Geth nomine, juxta illam aliam eorum civitatem, quae dicta est Azotum, ab Ascalona distans milliaribus decem, non longe ab ora maritima. Convenientes igitur unanimiter ex condicto, in praefato colle, firmissimo opere, jactis in altum fundamentis, aedificant praesidium, cum turribus quatuor, veteribus aedificiis, quorum multa adhuc supererant vestigia, lapidum ministrantibus copiam; puteis quoque vetusti temporis, qui in ambitu urbis dirutae frequentes apparebant, aquarum abundantiam, tum ad operis necessitatem, tum ad usus hominum largientibus.

Meanwhile lord King of Jerusalem Fulk, and the other princes of the kingdom, together with the lord patriarch and the other prelates of the Churches, wishing to restrain the assaults of the Ascalonites raging with too much insolence, and to constrict somewhat their excessive license of scouring through the region, determine by common vote to build a castle in the plains near the city Ramla, not far from Lydda, which is Diospolis. Now in the same region there was a hill somewhat elevated, upon which, traditions have it, one of the cities of the Philistines had been situated, named Gath, near that other city of theirs which is called Azotus, ten miles distant from Ascalon, not far from the seacoast. Accordingly, assembling unanimously by prior agreement, upon the aforesaid hill, with the firmest workmanship, the foundations having been laid on high, they build a stronghold with four towers, the ancient buildings—of which many traces were still remaining—supplying an abundance of stones; and the wells too of an old time, which appeared frequently in the circuit of the demolished city, furnishing an abundance of waters, both for the need of the work and for the uses of men.

Perfecto igitur castro et partibus omnibus absoluto, cuidam nobili viro et prudenti, de communi traditur consilio, domino videlicet Baliano seniori, Patri Hugonis, Balduini et Baliani junioris, qui omnes ab eodem loco cognominati sunt de Hibelin; hoc enim nomen illi erat loco, antequam etiam castrum illic aedificaretur. In cujus custodia et hostium persecutione, cujus gratia municipium erat conditum, diligentem habuit vir praedictus vigilantiam; et post ejus obitum praedicti ejus filii, viri nobiles et in armis strenui, in nullo segnius, quousque praedicta civitas nomini restituta est Christiano, diligentissima tenuerunt custodia.

Accordingly, the castle having been completed and finished in all its parts, by common counsel it was handed over to a certain noble and prudent man, namely lord Balian the elder, father of Hugh, Baldwin, and Balian the younger, who all from that same place were surnamed of Ibelin; for this was the name of the place before even the castle was built there. In its custody and in the persecution of the enemies, for whose sake the municipality had been founded, the aforesaid man maintained diligent vigilance; and after his death his aforesaid sons, noble men and strenuous in arms, in nothing less zealously, until the aforesaid city was restored to the Christian name, kept the most careful guard.

CAPUT XXV. Iterum ante eamdem Ascalonam de communi principum consilio castrum aedificatur, cui nomen est Blanca guarda.

CHAPTER 25. Again, before that same Ascalon, by the common counsel of the princes, a castle is built, whose name is Blanca Guarda.

Anno proxime subsecuto, videntes regni principes, et ipso rerum experimento plenius cognoscentes, in fundatione duorum praesidiorum, Bersabee videlicet et Hibelin, contra Ascalonitarum superbiam se plurimum profecisse, et eorum ex maxima parte repressam insolentiam, impetus tardiores, debilitatos conatus, adjiciunt tertium aedificare, ut amplioribus molestiis et multiplicatis in gyrum municipiis, urbem affligant, et quasi obsessis, frequentius terrorem, et cum terrore pericula incutiant magis repentina. Erat autem in ea Judeae parte, quae a montibus declinans, campestribus incipit esse contermina, secus Philisthiim fines, in tribu Simeon, ab Ascalona octo distans milliaribus, locus quidam, qui ad montana comparatus, collis, ad planiorem vero regionem collatus, mons sublimis poterat appellari, et loco nomen Arabice Tellesaphi, quod apud nos interpretatur mons sive collis clarus. Hic complacuit prudentioribus, praesidium fundari, eo quod aliis quae ad usus similes facta erant municipiis, et civitati vicinius, et loco situque munitiore videretur. Proposito igitur satisfacientes, dominus rex et principes ejus, una cum domino patriarcha et praelatis ecclesiarum, circa veris initium, hieme transcursa, ad locum unanimiter conveniunt, et vocatis artificibus, simul et populo universo necessaria ministrante, aedificant solidis fundamentis et lapidibus quadris oppidum, cum turribus quatuor congruae altitudinis.

In the year immediately following, the princes of the realm, seeing and by the very experience of things more fully knowing that in the foundation of the two presidia, namely Bersabee and Hibelin, against the pride of the Ascalonites they had made very great progress, and that their insolence was for the most part repressed, their assaults slower, their attempts enfeebled, add to build a third, that with ampler molestations and with municipalities multiplied in a ring, they might afflict the city, and, as if it were besieged, more frequently infuse terror, and with terror more sudden dangers. Now there was in that part of Judea which, sloping down from the mountains, begins to be conterminous with the champaign, along the borders of the Philistines, in the tribe of Simeon, a certain place, eight miles distant from Ascalon, which, compared with the highlands, could be called a hill, but compared with the flatter region, a lofty mountain; and the place had in Arabic the name Tellesaphi, which with us is interpreted mount or bright hill. Here it pleased the more prudent that a presidium be founded, because, in comparison with the other municipalities which had been made for similar uses, it seemed both nearer to the city and more strongly fortified in site and situation. Therefore, satisfying the proposal, the lord king and his princes, together with the lord patriarch and the prelates of the churches, about the beginning of spring, winter having passed, come together unanimously to the place, and, workmen being called, and likewise the whole people supplying what was necessary, they build, upon solid foundations and with squared stones, a town with four towers of suitable height.

Unde usque in urbem hostium liber esset prospectus, hostibus praedatum exire volentibus valde invisum et formidabile; nomenque ei vulgari indicunt appellatione, Blancha guarda, quod Latine dicitur alba specula. Castrum ergo perfectum et omnibus suis partibus absolutum, dominus rex in suam suscepit custodiam, et tam victu quam armis sufficienter munitum, viris prudentibus et rei militaris habentibus experientiam, quorum nota est fides et probata devotio, servandum commisit. Qui frequenter per se, frequentius adjunctis sibi ex aliis municipiis ad usus similes aedificatis, militibus, egredientibus hostibus occurrebant, eorum evacuantes molimina; nonnunquam vero ipsi Ascalonitas lacessentes, gravia inferebant eis discrimina et de eis saepius triumphabant. Porro, qui circumcirca possidebant regionem, praedicto confisi munimine et vicinitate castrorum, suburbana loca aedificaverunt quamplurima, habentes in eis familias multas et agrorum cultores; de quorum inhabitatione facta est regio tota securior, et alimentorum multa locis finitimis accessit copia.

Whence there was a free prospect all the way to the enemy city, very odious and formidable to foes wishing to go out to plunder; and they assign to it by the vulgar appellation, Blancha guarda, which in Latin is called white watchtower (alba specula). Therefore the castle, finished and completed in all its parts, the lord king took into his own keeping, and, sufficiently fortified both with victual and with arms, he entrusted it to be kept by prudent men and by those having experience in the military art, whose faith is known and devotion proven. These, frequently by themselves, more often with soldiers joined to them from other towns built for similar uses, would meet the enemy as they sallied forth, frustrating their endeavors; sometimes indeed, themselves provoking the Ascalonites, they inflicted grievous perils on them and more often triumphed over them. Moreover, those who possessed the region round about, trusting in the aforesaid muniment and in the vicinity of the forts, built very many suburban places, having in them many households and cultivators of the fields; by whose inhabitation the whole region was made more secure, and to the neighboring places there accrued a great abundance of provisions.

Inter haec Ascalonitae videntes urbem per gyrum praesidiis inexpugnabilibus vallatam, coeperunt de statu suo solito amplius diffidere, et principem Aegypti potentissimum, cui nihil amplius residui de universa regione factum erat, dominum suum, nuntiis frequentibus commonere, ut pro urbe, quae imperii sui robur erat, gereret sollicitudinem.

Meanwhile the Ascalonites, seeing the city girded all around with impregnable garrisons, began to distrust their accustomed estate more and more, and to admonish by frequent messengers their lord, the most potent Prince of Egypt—to whom nothing further remained as residue of the whole region—that he should bear solicitude for the city, which was the strength of his empire.

CAPUT XXVI. Regina in loco cui Bethania nomen, monasterium aedificat, et amplissimo ditat patrimonio, sororem ibi praeficiens.

CHAPTER 26. The queen, in a place whose name is Bethany, builds a monastery, and endows it with a most ample patrimony, appointing her sister there.

Interea per Domini superabundantem gratiam, regno ad aliquam tranquillitatem redacto, concepit domina Milisendis, piae recordationis regina, pro remedio animae suae et parentum suorum, pro salute quoque mariti et liberorum, si locum inveniret juxta cor suum, monasterium sacrarum virginum fundare. Erat autem ei soror, inter caeteras junior, Iveta nomine, quae in monasterio Sanctae Annae matris sanctae Dei genitricis, vitam sanctimonialem erat professa. Hujus etiam intuitu plurimum ad praedictum propositum domina movebatur regina; indignum enim videbatur ei ut regis filia, tanquam una ex popularibus in claustro alicui subesset matri.

Meanwhile, by the Lord’s superabundant grace, the kingdom having been brought back to some tranquillity, the lady Melisende, queen of pious memory, conceived, for the remedy of her soul and of her parents, and also for the health of her husband and children, to found a monastery of sacred virgins, if she might find a place according to her heart. She had moreover a sister, younger among the others, named Iveta, who in the monastery of Saint Anne, mother of the holy Mother of God, had professed the monastic life. In view of her also the lady queen was moved very greatly toward the aforesaid purpose; for it seemed unworthy to her that a king’s daughter, as one of the common people, should be subject in a cloister to some mother (abbess).

Transcursa igitur mente universa regione, et diligenter investigato, quisnam inveniretur aptior ad fundandum monasterium locus; tandem post multam deliberationem, placuit Bethania, castellum Mariae et Marthae, et Lazari fratris earum, quem dilexit Jesus, familiare Domini diversorium et domicilium Salvatoris. Is autem locus ab Hierosolymis distat stadiis quindecim, juxta verbum Evangelistae, ultra montem Oliveti, ad Orientem situs, in declivo ejus montis. Erat autem idem locus ecclesiae Dominici Sepulcri proprius; pro quo domina regina tradens canonicis urbem prophetarum Thecuam, locum in proprium recepit.

Therefore, after mentally traversing the whole region, and diligently investigating what place might be found more apt for founding a monastery, at length after much deliberation Bethany pleased, the castellum of Mary and Martha, and of Lazarus their brother, whom Jesus loved, the Lord’s familiar lodging and the Savior’s domicile. Now this place is distant from Jerusalem by 15 stadia, according to the word of the Evangelist, beyond the Mount of Olives, situated to the East, on the slope of that mountain. But the same place was proper to the Church of the Lord’s Sepulchre; for which the lady queen, handing over to the canons the city of the prophets, Tekoa, received the place into her own possession.

Ubi quoniam quasi in solitudine erat, et hostium patere poterat insidiis, turrim munitissimam quadris et politis lapidibus, officinis distinctam necessariis, multis sumptibus aedificari praecepit, ut Deo dicatis virginibus contra subitos incursus non deesset praesidii inexpugnabilis solatium. Turri igitur constructa, loco ad aliquem modum ad cultum religionis praeparato, sanctimoniales induxit feminas, matrem eis constituens annosam quamdam et in religione probatam, venerabilem matronam, multa Ecclesiae conferens praedia, ita ut in bonis temporalibus, nulli monasteriorum, virorum aut mulierum inferior haberetur; imo, ut dicitur, plus aliarum qualibet ecclesiarum abundaret. Inter caeteras enim possessiones, quas praedicto venerabili loco contulerat, locum famosissimum, et omnium commoditatum abundantia simul refertum, in campestribus Jordanis situm, Jericho, cum suis pertinentiis liberaliter assignavit.

Since it was, as it were, in solitude there, and could lie open to the ambushes of enemies, she ordered a most fortified tower to be built of squared and polished stones, partitioned with the necessary offices, at great expense, so that for the virgins dedicated to God there might not be lacking, against sudden incursions, the solace of an inexpugnable defense. Therefore, the tower constructed, and the place prepared in some measure for religious worship, she brought in nuns, appointing for them as mother a certain aged woman, proven in religion, a venerable matron, granting to the Church many estates, such that in temporal goods it was held inferior to none of the monasteries, of men or of women; nay rather, as it is said, it abounded more than any other church. For among the other possessions which she had conferred upon the aforesaid venerable place, she liberally assigned a most renowned site, at once filled with an abundance of every amenity, situated in the plains of the Jordan—Jericho, with its appurtenances.

Contulit etiam eidem monasterio sacra utensilia, ex auro et gemmis, et argento, ad multam quantitatem, simul et holoserica ad decorem domus Dei; sed et indumenta tam sacerdotalia quam levitica, et omnis generis, prout disciplina exigebat ecclesiastica. Defuncta quoque illa venerabili matrona, quam eidem praefecerat loco, ad intentionem rediens, sororem suam, de consensu domini patriarchae et sororum sanctimonialium conniventia, eidem praefecit monasterio; cum qua etiam adjecit plura in calicibus, libris et caeteris quae ad ecclesiasticos respiciunt usus, ornamenta, locum non cessans, quandiu vixit, intuitu animae suae et sororis, quam unice diligebat, gratia ampliare.

She also bestowed upon the same monastery sacred utensils, of gold and gems and of silver, in great quantity, together with holoseric silks for the adornment of the house of God; and likewise vestments both sacerdotal and Levitical, and of every kind, as ecclesiastical discipline required. Moreover, when that venerable matron whom she had set over the same place had died, returning to her intention, she appointed her own sister—by the consent of the lord patriarch and with the concurrence of the sister nuns—over the same monastery; and with her she also added many ornaments in chalices, books, and the other things which pertain to ecclesiastical uses, not ceasing, as long as she lived, with her own soul and her sister’s—whom she loved uniquely—in view, to enlarge the place by benefactions.

CAPUT XXVII. Rex in campestribus Acconensibus leporem agitans, de equo ruit praeceps; moritur; Hierosolymis inter suos praedecessores sepelitur.

CHAPTER 27. The king, hunting a hare on the plains of Acre, falls headlong from his horse; he dies; in Jerusalem he is buried among his predecessors.

Accidit autem illis diebus, quod cum dominus rex, una cum domina regina transcurso autumno, in civitate Acconense moram faceret, voluit regina, sublevandi gratia fastidii, extra urbem ad loca quaedam suburbana, fontibus irrigua, causa recreationis exire: quo dominus rex, ut solatium reginae non deesset, adjecit etiam ipse, cum solito comitatu proficisci. Dumque inter eundum esset, accidit casu ut qui agmina et comitatum praeibant pueri, leporem in sulcis jacentem excitarent, quem fugientem clamor prosecutus est universorum. Rex autem, arrepta lancea, ut eumdem leporem insectaretur, sinistro actus casu, equum ad illas coepit urgere partes, et cursui vehementer instare.

It happened, moreover, in those days, that when the lord king, together with the lady queen, with autumn having run its course, was making a stay in the city of Acre, the queen wished, for the sake of relieving tedium, to go out from the city to certain suburban places, watered by springs, for the cause of recreation: whereupon the lord king, that solace might not be lacking to the queen, resolved likewise himself to set out, with his accustomed retinue. And while they were going along, it chanced that the youths who were going before the ranks and the retinue roused a hare lying in the furrows, whom, as it fled, the shout of all pursued. But the king, having snatched up a lance, in order to chase that same hare, driven by an unlucky mishap, began to urge his horse toward those parts, and to press vehemently upon the course.

Tandem inconsulte festinans equus in praeceps agitur; corruensque in terram, regem dedit praecipitem, jacentique prae casus dolore attonito, sella caput obtrivit, ita ut cerebrum tam per aures, quam per nares etiam emitteretur. Ad hunc casum, universus qui praeibat et qui sequebatur, facti acerbitate perterritus, conversus est comitatus, et jacenti opem ferre volentes, exanimem reperiunt, cui neque vox erat, neque sensus. Regina vero, comperta mariti morte tam inopinata, et sinistro saucia casu, veste et capillo lacera ejulans, et doloris immensitatem suspiriis contestans et lamentis, in terram corruens, corpus amplectitur exanime.

At length, hastening inconsiderately, the horse is driven headlong; and, collapsing to the ground, he cast the king headlong, and as he lay there, stunned by the pain of the fall, the saddle crushed his head, such that brain-matter was emitted both through the ears and also through the nostrils. At this mishap, the whole retinue, both those who were going before and those who were following, terrified by the severity of the event, turned back, and wishing to bring aid to the one lying there, they find him lifeless, who had neither voice nor sense. But the queen, having learned of her husband’s so unforeseen death, and wounded by the sinister mishap, wailing, with garment and hair torn, and attesting the immensity of her grief with sighs and laments, collapsing to the ground, embraces the lifeless body.

Non sufficit humor oculis, prae fletus ubertate continui; et vox, doloris interpres, crebris interrumpitur singultibus; nec dolori satis fit, licet nihil aliud sit sollicita quam dolori satisfacere. Familia quoque lacrymis, voce et habitu moerorem contestans, anxietatis nimiae lugubria praetendit argumenta. Nuntiatur interea, et fama circumvolante divulgatur per urbem Acconensem, regis miserabilis interitus; et ad partes illas certatim turbae confluunt, intueri volentes factum inauditum quod acciderat.

Moisture does not suffice for the eyes, on account of the abundance of continual weeping; and the voice, interpreter of sorrow, is interrupted by frequent sobs; nor is the grief satisfied, although she is solicitous about nothing else than to satisfy the grief. The household also, attesting mourning with tears, with voice and with demeanor, puts forward lugubrious proofs of excessive anxiety. Meanwhile it is announced, and as rumor flies around it is spread through the city of Acre, the pitiable demise of the king; and to those parts crowds flock in emulous haste, wishing to look upon the unheard-of deed that had happened.

Inde cum lacrymis in praedictam urbem deportatus, triduo, sine sensu, tamen adhuc palpitans, protraxit vitam; quarta demum die, Idibus videlicet Novembris, anno ab Incarnatione Domini 1142, regni vero ejus anno undecimo, deficiens, in senectute bona ultimum clausit diem. Inde Hierosolymam cum debita delatus honorificentia, occurrente universo clero et populo, in ecclesia Dominic Sepulcri, sub monte Calvariae introeuntibus ad dextram, secus portam, inter alios felicis memoriae reges, ejus praedecessores, per manum domini Willelmi, venerabilis Hierosolymorum et piae recordationis patriarchae, regia magnificentia sepultus est; duobus superstitibus liberis, adhuc impuberibus relictis, Balduino videlicet primogenito annorum tredecim, et Amalrico annorum septem; reseditque regni potestas penes dominam Milisendem, Deo amabilem reginam, cui jure haereditario competebat.

Thence, with tears, he was carried into the aforesaid city; for three days, without sense, yet still palpitating, he prolonged his life; on the fourth day at last, namely on the Ides of November, in the year from the Incarnation of the Lord 1142, and in the 11th year of his reign, failing, in good old age he closed his last day. Thence to Jerusalem, with due honor he was borne, the whole clergy and people going out to meet him; in the Church of the Lord’s Sepulchre, beneath Mount Calvary, on entering to the right, beside the gate, among other kings of happy memory, his predecessors, by the hand of lord William, venerable patriarch of Jerusalem and of pious remembrance, with royal magnificence he was buried; with two surviving children, still underage, left behind, Baldwin, namely the firstborn, of 13 years, and Amalric, of 7 years; and the power of the kingdom settled with Lady Melisende, a God-beloved queen, to whom it belonged by hereditary right.