Theodosius: Liber XV

CTh.15.1.0. De operibus publicis
CTh.15.2.0. De aquaeductu
CTh.15.3.0. De itinere muniendo
CTh.15.4.0. De imaginibus imperialibus
CTh.15.5.0. De spectaculis
CTh.15.6.0. De maiuma
CTh.15.7.0. De scaenicis
CTh.15.8.0. De lenonibus
CTh.15.9.0. De expensis ludorum
CTh.15.10.0. De equis curulibus
CTh.15.11.0. De venatione ferarum
CTh.15.12.0. De gladiatoribus
CTh.15.13.0. De usu sellarum
CTh.15.14.0. De infirmandis his, quae sub tyrannis aut barbaris gesta sunt
CTh.15.15.0. Quod armorum usus interdictus est

CTh.15.1.0. On public works
CTh.15.2.0. On the aqueduct
CTh.15.3.0. On paving the roadway
CTh.15.4.0. On imperial images
CTh.15.5.0. On spectacles
CTh.15.6.0. On the Maiuma
CTh.15.7.0. On stage-performers
CTh.15.8.0. On pimps
CTh.15.9.0. On the expenses of the games
CTh.15.10.0. On curule (chariot) horses
CTh.15.11.0. On the hunting of wild beasts
CTh.15.12.0. On gladiators
CTh.15.13.0. On the use of seats
CTh.15.14.0. On invalidating those things which were done under tyrants or barbarians
CTh.15.15.0. That the use of arms is forbidden

CTh.15.1.0. De operibus publicis

CTh.15.1.0. On public works

CTh.15.1.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad flavianum proconsulem africae. nemo propriis ornamentis esse privandas existimet civitates: fas si quidem non est acceptum a veteribus decus perdere civitatem veluti ad urbis alterius moenia transferendum.

Emperor Constantine Augustus, to Flavianus, proconsul of Africa. Let no one think that cities are to be deprived of their own ornaments: for indeed it is not
permissible for a city to lose the decor received from the ancients, as though it were to be transferred to the walls of another city.

dat. iiii non. feb.

given on the 4th before the Nones of February.

mediolano, accepta viii id. iul. constantino a. et caes. conss.

at milan, received 8 july, when constantine augustus and the caesars were consuls

(....

[357] febr. 2).

[357] Feb. 2).

CTh.15.1.2

The Theodosian Code 15.1.2

Idem a. menandro. propter neglegentiam iudicum, qui imperialia praecepta differunt, ad diversas provincias diversos misimus, qui ad scientiam nostram referant, quae vel diligentia promota viderint vel desidia corrupta culpaverint. monendi autem iudices sunt, qui instaurare publica opera debent, ut de effectis eis potius quam inchoatis ad nostram scientiam referant, nisi forte iusta ratione petendum sit aliquos, si forte defuerint, impensarum titulos provideri.

Likewise, the Augustus to Menander. On account of the negligence of the judges, who defer imperial precepts, we have sent diverse persons to diverse provinces, who may refer to our knowledge the things which they have seen either promoted by diligence or blamed as corrupted by sloth. Moreover, the judges, who ought to restore public works, must be admonished, that they refer to our knowledge about the effected rather than the inchoate, unless perhaps with just reason it should be requested that some titles of expenses (vouchers), if by chance they have been lacking, be provided.

de rebus autem praecipuis maximisque, non de quibuscumque vilissimis nostrum debent interpellare consilium. dat. iii id. april.

But they ought to interpellate our counsel about principal and very greatest matters, not about whatever most paltry ones.
Given on April 11.

sirmi crispo ii et constantino ii cc. conss. (321 apr. 11).

at sirmium, in the 2nd consulship of crispus and of constantine, caesars, consuls. (321 apr. 11).

CTh.15.1.3

Codex Theodosianus 15.1.3

Idem a. secundo praefecto praetorio. provinciarum iudices commoneri praecipimus, ut nihil se novi operis ordinare ante debere cognoscant, quam ea compleverint, quae a decessoribus inchoata sunt, exceptis dumtaxat templorum aedificationibus. dat.

The same Augustus to the second Praetorian Prefect. We prescribe that the judges of the provinces be admonished, that they understand that they ought
to ordain nothing of new work before they have completed those things which were begun by their predecessors, the edifices of temples alone excepted. Given.

iii kal. iul. constantino a. vii et constantio c. conss.

June 29, under the consuls Constantine Augustus for the 7th time and Constantius Caesar.

(326

[362] iun. 29).

[362] Jun. 29).

CTh.15.1.4

Theodosian Code 15.1.4

Idem a. have, felix, carissime nobis. omnis intra centum pedes vicinitas, quantum ad horrea pertinet, arceatur ac si quid constructum fuerit, diruatur, quoniam experimentis nuperrimis palam factum est aedificiorum, quae horreis adhaerebant, incendiis fiscales copias laborasse. quod si quis aedificandi amore publica damna neglexerit, non solum quod construxit, sed omnes res eius et quidquid in suo iure habuit, fisco adiudicari praecipimus.

The same Augustus: hail, fortunate one, dearest to us. Every neighborhood within one hundred feet, insofar as it pertains to the granaries, is to be kept away, and if anything has been constructed let it be demolished, since by most recent experiences it has been made plain that, by fires of buildings which were adjoining the granaries, the fiscal supplies have suffered. But if anyone, from a love of building, has neglected public damages, not only what he constructed, but all his goods and whatever he held in his own right we order to be adjudged to the fisc.

dat. xi kal. aug.

dated the 11th day before the kalends of august (july 22).

sirmio constantino a. iiii et constantio c. conss. (326 iul. 22).

at sirmium, with constantine augustus for the 4th time and constantius caesar as consuls. (326 jul. 22).

CTh.15.1.5

Theodosian Code 15.1.5

Impp. constantius et constans aa. have, catulline, karissime nobis. plurimi inmunitates operum publicorum concessione iudicum adepti sunt.

The Emperors Constantius and Constans, Augusti: hail, Catullinus, dearest to us. Very many have obtained immunities from public works by the concession of the judges.

itaque omnes iubemus inquiri, ut eorum nomina adque etiam privatas indulgentias lenitudo nostra cognoscat. et infra: iam nunc tamen iussimus, ut adversus fas elicitas inmunitates per detrimenta comperissent et in lucro habere desistant. in posterum aditus similia cupientibus obstruatur.

Therefore we order that all be inquired into, so that our lenity may come to know their names and also their private indulgences. And below: already now, however, we have ordered that, through detriments, they should find out about immunities elicited against right and cease to hold them in lucre. For the future, access to those desiring similar things shall be blocked.

dat. vi kal. aug.

Dated 27 July.

sirmi urso et polemio conss. (338 iul. 27).

At Sirmium, Ursus and Polemius consuls. (338 July 27).

CTh.15.1.6

Theodosian Code 15.1.6

Idem aa. ad marcellinum comitem orientis. quae operibus publicis impensa constiterit, accepto ferri oportere cognoscas. dat.

The same Emperors to Marcellinus, count of the East. You are to understand that whatever has been expended on public works ought to be carried to the receipts. Given.

v non. octob. constantinopoli limenio et catullino conss.

3 October, at Constantinople, Limenius and Catullinus, consuls.

(349 oct. 3).

(349 Oct. 3).

CTh.15.1.7

Theodosian Code 15.1.7

Idem aa. ad senatum. quoniam diversi iudices nonnulla opera in quibusdam aestimant urbibus extruenda, ad huiusmodi necessitatem senatorum substantia non vocetur. eos quoque senatores, quibus per diversas provincias fuerit sollicitudo commissa, fretos sanctione nostra huiuscemodi temptamentis decet constanter obsistere, ne senatoriae facultates harum rerum contemplatione vexentur.

The same Augusti to the Senate. since different judges deem certain works to be erected in some cities, the substance of the senators shall not be called upon for a necessity of this kind.
Those senators also, to whom oversight has been committed throughout diverse provinces, relying on our sanction, ought steadfastly to oppose attempts of this sort, lest the senatorial resources be vexed under the contemplation of these matters.

dat. v non. mai.

given on the 5th day before the Nones of May.

tauro et florentio conss. (361 mai. 3).

Taurus and Florentius, consuls. (361 May 3).

CTh.15.1.8

Idem a. ecdicio praefecto aegypti. oportuit praetoria iudicum et domos iudiciarias publico iuri adque usui vindicari. sed quia salubris nostra dispositio dilata est, nunc saltem tradatur effectui.

The same Augustus, to Ecdicius, prefect of Egypt. It was proper that the praetoria of the judges and the judicial houses be vindicated to public law and use. But since our salutary disposition has been delayed,
let it now at least be brought to effect.

et cetera. proposita iiii non. decemb.

etc. published on december 2.

antiochiae mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 dec. 2).

At Antioch, Mamertinus and Nevitta, consuls. (362 Dec. 2).

CTh.15.1.9 [=brev.15.1.1]

Imp. iulianus a. ecdicio pf. aegypti. post alia: comperimus, super ergasteria publica, quae ad ius pertinent civitatis, plerosque sibi domos exstruxisse.

The Emperor Julian Augustus to Ecdicius, Prefect of Egypt. After other matters: we have learned that, over the public ergasteria, which pertain to the right of the city, very many for themselves houses have built.

praecipimus ergo, eos inconcusso iure, quae aedificaverunt, possidere. pp. iv. non. dec.

We therefore command that they possess, with an unshaken right, what they have built. Published 4 days before the Nones of December.

antiochiae, mamertino et nevitta coss.

at antioch, mamertinus and nevitta consuls.

interpretatio. si quis in civitate consistens in locis publicis sibi domos forte construxerit, eas sine inquietudine aliqua possideat

interpretation. if anyone, residing in the city, has perchance constructed houses for himself in public places, let him possess them without any disturbance

CTh.15.1.10

Theodosian Code 15.1.10

Idem a. ad rufinum. quicumque cuiuslibet ordinis dignitatis aliquod opus publicum quoquo genere obscura interpretatione meruerit, fructu talis beneficii sine aliqua dubitatione privetur. non solum enim revocamus quod factum est, verum etiam in futurum cavemus, ne qua fraude temptetur.

The same Augustus to Rufinus. Whoever, of whatever order or dignity, has obtained any public work of whatever kind by an obscure interpretation, let him be deprived, without any hesitation, of the fruit of such a benefit. For we not only revoke what has been done, but also provide for the future, lest any attempt be made by any fraud.

dat. vii id. dec. aquileiae mamertino et nevitta conss.

given on december 7 at aquileia, in the consulship of mamertinus and nevitta.

(362 dec. 7).

(December 7, 362).

CTh.15.1.11

Theodosian Code 15.1.11

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. intra urbem romam aeternam nullus iudicum novum opus informet, quotiens serenitatis nostrae arbitria cessabunt.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Within the eternal City of Rome let none of the judges fashion a new work,
whenever the arbitrations of Our Serenity cease.

ea tamen instaurandi, quae iam deformibus ruinis intercidisse dicuntur, universis licentiam damus. dat. viii kal.

Nevertheless, we grant license to all for restoring those things which are now said to have perished in unsightly ruins.
Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

iun. philippis divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 mai.

June, at Philippi, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus. (364 May.

25).

CTh.15.1.12

Theodosian Code 15.1.12

Idem aa. ad symmachum. horrea fiscalia apud urbem romam nec non etiam portus in usus translata privatos cognovimus. haec ad pristinum....Inferioribus horreorum frumenta condantur, quae natura loci et umore vitiantur.

The same emperors to Symmachus. We have learned that the fiscal granaries at the city of Rome, and likewise the ports, have been transferred into private uses. These to their former .... Let grain be stored in the lower parts of the granaries, which are vitiated by the nature of the place and by moisture.

annonas quoque horreis antiquitus deputatas hos redhibere compelles, qui eas in damna publica ausi sunt occupare, quarum substantiam enthecae populi romani proficere praecipies. sane quos invenies fabricarum destructionis auctores, ad reparationem necessario tenebis. dat.

you shall also compel to restore the annonae that were of old assigned to the granaries, those who have dared to seize them to the public detriment; you shall order that their substance profit the entheca of the roman people. indeed, those whom you find to be authors of the destruction of the fabricae, you shall necessarily hold to reparation. given.

vi id. iun. naisso divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 iun.

On the 6th day before the Ides of June, at Naissus, under the consulate of the deified Jovian and
Varronianus, consuls. (June 364

8).

CTh.15.1.13

Theodosian Code 15.1.13

Idem aa. tautomedi duci daciae ripensis. in limite gravitati tuae commisso praeter eas turres, quas refici oportet, si forte indigeant refectione, turres administrationis tempore quotannis locis opportunis extrue. quod si huius praecepti auctoritatem neglexeris, finita administratione revocatus in limitem ex propriis facultatibus eam fabricam, quam administrationis tempore adiumentis militum et impensis debueras fabricare, extruere cogeris.

The same emperors to Tautomedes, dux of Dacia Ripensis. On the frontier entrusted to your charge, besides those towers which ought to be repaired, if by chance they are in need of refection, build towers during your time of administration every year in suitable places. But if you shall have neglected the authority of this precept, when your administration is finished and you are recalled to the frontier, from your own resources you will be compelled to erect that fabric/work which during your administration you ought to have constructed with the aids of the soldiers and at expense.

dat. xiii kal. iul.

given on June 19.

mediolano divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 [?] iun. 19).

at Milan, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus (364 [?] June 19).

CTh.15.1.14

Codex Theodosianus 15.1.14

Idem aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. praesumptionem iudicum ulterius prohibemus, qui in eversionem abditorum oppidorum metropoles vel splendidissimas civitates ornare se fingunt transferendorum signorum vel marmorum vel columnarum materiam requirentes. quod post legem nostram sine poena admittere non licebit, praesertim cum neque novam constitui fabricam iusserimus, antequam vetera reformentur, et, si adeo aliquid fuerit inchoandum, ab aliis civitatibus conveniat temperari.

The same Augusti to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. We further forbid the presumption of judges, who, to the overthrow of out-of-the-way towns pretend to adorn metropolises or most splendid cities, seeking material for the transfer of statues, marbles, or columns, which it will not be permitted after our law to allow without penalty, especially since we have not ordered a new fabric to be established, before the old things are reformed; and, if indeed anything is to be begun, it is fitting that restraint be exercised with regard to other cities.

dat. kal. ian.

Dated on the Kalends of January.

mediolano valentiniano et valente conss. (365 ian. 1).

at Milan Valentinian and Valens, consuls. (Jan. 1, 365).

CTh.15.1.15

Theodosian Code 15.1.15

Idem aa. ad dracontium. lex sancientibus nobis rogata est, quae iudices omnes et rectores provinciarum edicto suo adque auctoritate cohibet aliquid novi operis adripere, priusquam ea, quae victa senio fatiscerent, repararent. quae nunc etiam credidimus repetenda.

The same Augusti to Dracontius. A law was enacted with our sanction, which restrains all judges and the rectors of the provinces by their own edict and authority
from undertaking any new works before they repair those things which, vanquished by old age, were collapsing. Which we have now also believed should be repeated.

dat. xiiii kal. mar.

dated 14 days before the Kalends of March

mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 feb. 16).

at milan, in the consulship of valentinian and valens, the augusti. (365 feb. 16).

CTh.15.1.16

Theodosian Code 15.1.16

Idem aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. censura tua hanc iudicibus licentiam penitus amputabit, ne aliquid novellum adgrediantur opus veterum illustrium fabricarum reparatione neglecta. in eo sane larga ac benigna his licentia tribuetur, ut ornamenta urbium ac decora marmorum, quae in aliquo senium temporis sentiunt, ad speciem pristinam et usum congruae utilitatis instaurent.

The same Augusti to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. Your censure will utterly cut off this license to the judges, lest they set about anything novel work, with the repair of the ancient illustrious structures neglected. In this matter indeed a large and benign license will be granted to them, that they restore the ornaments of the cities and the decor of the marbles which in some respect feel the senility of time, to their pristine appearance and to a use of fitting utility.

ceterum nihil auspicari quemquam novi operis patieris exceptis stabulorum fabricis, quae ex usu publico, si ita res tulerit, non prohibemus institui. dat. id. mar.

Moreover, you shall allow no one to inaugurate any new work, except the constructions of stables, which, for public use, if circumstances so bear it, we do not forbid to be established. Given on the Ides of March.

senigallia valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 mart. 15).

senigallia under valentinian and valens, the augusti, consuls (march 15, 365).

CTh.15.1.17

Idem aa. ad valentinianum consularem piceni. si quid sinceritas tua his urbibus, quibus praeest, putaverit deferendum, instaurare antiquum opus rectius poterit quam novum inchoare. sane si quid reparationi alicuius operis postulandum erit, non in pecunia, sed in ipsis speciebus postulare te par est.

The same emperors to valentinianus, consular (governor) of picenum. If your sincerity shall have thought that anything ought to be referred for these cities over which you preside, to restore an ancient work will be more proper than to begin a new one. Indeed, if anything must be requested for the reparation of any work, it is fitting for you to request it not in money, but in the very kinds, in kind.

si loca aliqua indigent novis stabulis aut horreis, videris exaedificare etiam, si emolumenta publica adverteris postulare. dat. prid.

if some places need new stables or granaries, you may also see fit to build them, if you observe that public emoluments require it. Given, the day before.

non. octob. valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

on the Nones of October; Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, consuls.

(365 oct. 6).

(365 Oct. 6).

CTh.15.1.18

Theodosian Code 15.1.18

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad probum praefectum praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, valens and gratian, augusti, to probus, praetorian prefect.

rectores provinciarum quodcumque opus inchoandum esse necessario viderint in aliqua civitate, id arripere non dubitent. si civitatis eius res publica tantum in tertia pensionis parte non habeat, quantum coeptae fabricae poscat impendium, ex aliarum civitatum rei publicae canone praesumant, tertiae videlicet portionis. proposita vii kal.

The governors of the provinces, whatever work they see must necessarily be begun
in any city, should not hesitate to undertake it. If the commonwealth of that city does not have so much in the third part of the payment
as the expense demanded by the begun building, let them anticipate from the canon (assessed quota) of the commonwealths of other cities, namely of the third portion. Published on the 7th day before the Kalends.

feb. sirmio gratiano a. iii et equitio conss. (374 ian.

feb. at Sirmium when Gratian Augustus for the 3rd time and Equitius were consuls. (374 jan.

26).

CTh.15.1.19

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. ad senatum.

the emperors valens, gratian, and valentinian, augusti, to the senate.

post alia: nemo praefectorum urbis aliorumve iudicum, quos potestas in excelso locat, opus aliquod novum in urbe roma inclyta moliatur, sed excolendis veteribus intendat animum. novum quodque opus qui volet in urbe moliri, sua pecunia, suis operibus absolvat, non contractis veteribus emolumentis, non effossis nobilium operum substructionibus, non redivivis de publico saxis, non marmorum frustis spoliatarum aedium deformatione convulsis. lecta in senatu valente v et valentiniano aa. conss.

after other things: let none of the prefects of the city nor the other judges, whom authority places on high, attempt any new work in the illustrious city of Rome, but let him direct his mind to tending the old. whoever will wish to undertake any new work in the city, let him complete it with his own money, with his own works, not by appropriating old emoluments, not by digging out the substructures of noble works, not with “revived” stones from the public, not with fragments of marble wrenched away to the disfigurement of despoiled houses. read in the senate, Valens (5) and Valentinian, the Augusti, consuls.

(376.....).

CTh.15.1.20

Theodosian Code 15.1.20

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. iuliano praefecto aegypti.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, the Augusti, to Julianus, Prefect of Egypt.

iudex, qui ad provinciam fuerit destinatus, duas partes vel incuria vel vetustate collapsas ad statum pristinum nitoris adducat adque tertiam construat novitatis, si tamen famae et propriis cupit laudibus providere. dat. xvi kal.

Let the judge, who shall have been assigned to a province, bring back two parts, collapsed either through incuria or vetusty, to their pristine state of splendor, and construct a third as a novelty, if indeed he desires to provide for his reputation and his own praises.
Given on the 16th before the Kalends.

april. thessalonicae gratiano a. v et theodosio a. i conss. (380 mart.

april. at Thessalonica, Gratian Augustus for the 5th time and Theodosius Augustus for the 1st, consuls. (380 march.

17).

CTh.15.1.21

Theodosian Code 15.1.21

Idem aaa. eutropio praefecto praetorio. singuli quique iudicum primo omnium in tuendis veteribus aedificiis publicis impendant propriae sollicitudinis curam, tum adgrediantur nova.

The same emperors. To Eutropius, Prefect of the Praetorium. Let each and every one of the judges, before all else, expend the care of their own solicitude in maintaining the old public buildings, then let them undertake new ones.

adque studio cautae celeritatis, quidquid a superiore reppererint inchoatum, quasi a se coeptum noverint explicandum. dat. xvi kal.

and, with zeal for cautious swiftness, whatever they shall have found begun by a predecessor, let them know must be carried out as if begun by themselves. Given on the 16th day before the Kalends.

septemb. hadrianopoli gratiano a. v et theodosio a. i conss. (380 aug.

September, at Hadrianopolis, with Gratian, Augustus, for the 5th time, and Theodosius, Augustus, for the 1st time, as consuls. (380 Aug.

[?] 17).

CTh.15.1.22

Theodosian Code 15.1.22

Idem aaa. have, procule karissime nobis. praescriptio temporis iuri publico non debet obsistere, sed ne rescripta quidem.

The same Augusti. Hail, Proculus, most dear to us. The prescription of time ought not to oppose public law, nor indeed even rescripts.

adque ideo diruenda sunt omnia, quae per diversas urbes vel in foro vel in quocumque publico loco civitatis extructa noscuntur. dat. iii id. iun.

And therefore all things must be demolished which, throughout diverse cities, whether in the forum or in whatever public place of the city, are known to have been erected. Given on the 3rd day before the Ides of June.

constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 iun. 11).

at constantinople merobaude 2 and saturninus, consuls (383 june 11).

CTh.15.1.23

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. ad portus et aquaeductus instaurationem omnes certatim facta operarum collatione instare debent neque aliquis ab huiuscemodi consortio dignitatis privilegiis excusari.

The same Emperors to Cynegius, Praetorian Prefect. For the instauration of ports and aqueducts, all ought to press on emulously, a collation of labors having been made; nor may anyone be excused from a consortium of this kind by the privileges of dignity.

dat. xv kal. feb.

dated 15 days before the Kalends of February.

constantinopoli richomere et clearcho conss. (384 ian. 18).

At Constantinople, Richomer and Clearchus, consuls. (384
Jan. 18).

CTh.15.1.24

Theodosian Code 15.1.24

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. omnes, quibus vel cura mandata fuerit operum publicorum vel pecunia ad extructionem solito more decreta, usque ad annos quindecim ab opere perfecto cum suis heredibus teneantur obnoxii, ita ut, si quid vitii in aedificatione intra praestitutum tempus provenerit, de eorum patrimonio, exceptis tamen his casibus qui sunt fortuiti, reformetur.

The same Augusti to Cynegius, praetorian prefect. All, to whom either the care of public works shall have been entrusted or money for the erection decreed in the customary
manner, shall be held liable, together with their heirs, for up to 15 years from the completion of the work, such that, if any defect in the building should arise within the appointed
time, it shall be made good from their patrimony, with, however, those cases excepted which are fortuitous.

dat. iii non. feb.

dated the 3rd day before the Nones of February.

constantinopoli arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 febr. 3).

at constantinople, arcadius, augustus for the 1st time, and bauto, consuls. (385 feb. 3).

CTh.15.1.25

Theodosian Code 15.1.25

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. proculo praefecto urbis constantinopolitanae.

emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to proculus, prefect of the city of constantinople.

turpe est publici splendoris ornatum privatarum aedium adiectione conrumpi et ea, quae conspicuae urbis decori vel nostri temporis vel prioris saeculi aetate creverunt, aviditate cogendae pecuniae sociari. unde sublimis eminentia tua, quidquid talis astutiae deprehenderit fraude violatum, id, si publicis nitoribus faciem aspectus deterioris inducit, sive illud voluntaria praesumptione temeratum est sive expressam coactis adnotationibus occasionem fraudis obtinuit, iubebit amoveri. tuo enim arbitrio relinquimus, a quibus temperandum quaeve diruenda diiudices.

It is disgraceful for the adornment of public splendor to be corrupted by the addition of private buildings, and for those things which have grown for the decor of the conspicuous city, in the age either of our own time or of the prior century, to be associated with the avidity of gathering money.
Therefore your lofty Eminence shall order to be removed whatever it shall detect to have been violated by the fraud of such astuteness, if it casts upon the public brilliancy a face of worse appearance—whether it has been profaned by voluntary presumption or has secured an explicit occasion of fraud by annotations extorted.
For we leave to your discretion to judge from which things restraint must be exercised and which are to be demolished.

dat. xvi kal. aug.

given.
on the 16th day before the kalends of august.

romae timasio et promoto conss. (389 iul. 17).

at Rome, when Timasius and Promotus were consuls. (389 July 17).

CTh.15.1.26

Theodosian Code 15.1.26

Idem aaa. polemio praefecto praetorio illyrici et italiae. quotiens clariores urbes per singulas quasque provincias expensis propriis et vectigalibus maiorem pecuniam absolvendi cuiuslibet operis necessitate deposcunt, id ex minorum viribus vindicetur, ita ut non ante poscatur, quam omnis summa, quae isdem ex suis compendiis quaeri solet, instaurandis aedibus adsumatur.

The same emperors to Polemius, praetorian prefect of Illyricum and Italy. Whenever the more illustrious cities, throughout each and every province, with their own expenses and taxes, demand a greater sum of money by the necessity of completing any work, let that be levied from the resources of the lesser communities, provided that it be not requested before the whole sum, which is wont to be sought from those same (cities) from their own savings, is taken up for restoring the buildings.

consequens vero erit, ut in notitiam serenitatis nostrae, quotiens habita fuerit haec vectigalium usurpatio, dirigatur, quantum fuerit aliunde praesumptum, per quos expensum, quatenus consummatum. dat. xvii kal.

It will, moreover, follow that into
the knowledge of Our Serenity, as often as this use of the revenues shall have been employed, there be directed how much has been taken in advance from elsewhere, by whom
it was expended, and to what extent it has been completed. Given on the 17th day before the Kalends.

feb. mediolano valentiniano a. iiii et neoterio conss. (390 ian.

feb. at milan, valentinian augustus 4 and neoterius, consuls. (390 jan.

16).

CTh.15.1.27

Idem aaa. albino praefecto urbis romae. augustae in partibus civitatis magis antiqua reddi convenit quam inchoari supervacua.

The same Emperors. to albinus, prefect of the city of rome. in the parts of the city of augusta it is more fitting that the more ancient things be restored than that superfluous things be begun.

nosse itaque par est officium magnitudinis tuae et ceteros, a quibus sumptus huiusmodi operibus de aerario praebebuntur, accepto omnino non ferri, si quis per usurpationem opus praeter conscientiam nostram intra aeternam urbem voluerit publica collatione construere. ideoque summam omnem, quae illi contra interdictum forte praebebitur, pecunia sua et propriis facultatibus pendet, sequestrata condemnatione librarum auri decem, quae plectet sacrilegam contemnentis audaciam. dat.

It is therefore fitting that the office of Your Greatness, and the others by whom expenditures for works of this sort will be provided from the aerarium (treasury), should know that no acceptance at all is to be tolerated, if anyone, by usurpation and beyond our knowledge, should wish to construct a work within the Eternal City by public contribution. And therefore any sum which may perhaps be furnished to him contrary to the interdict he is liable to pay from his own money and private resources, with a condemnation sequestered of ten pounds of gold, which will punish the sacrilegious audacity of the contemner. Given.

prid. non. april.

the day before the nones of april.

mediolano valentiniano a. iiii et neoterio conss. (390 apr. 4).

at milan, when valentinian augustus for the 4th time and neoterius were consuls. (390 apr. 4).

CTh.15.1.28

Theodosian Code 15.1.28

Idem aaa. polemio praefecto praetorio illyrici et italiae. si quis novum opus in qualibet civitate sustollere audacius quam consultius molietur, de proprio se collaturum sumptus et perfecturum quod coeperit noscat.

Likewise, the same most august emperors, to Polemius, Praetorian Prefect of Illyricum and Italy. If anyone shall endeavor to erect a new work in whatever city more audaciously than advisedly
he shall know that he will contribute the expenses from his own means and will perfect what he has begun.

nihil quippe dispensatoribus ex hoc usu feremus accepto, et contra officium adque ipsum iudicem auri pondo dena constringent, ut saltem metu, quod facere sponte debuerant, reficiendis vetustioribus impendant laborem. dat. prid.

For we will enter nothing as received to the credit of the stewards from this usage,
and, for a breach of duty, both they and the judge himself shall be bound in ten pounds’ weight of gold each, so that at least from fear they may expend labor on repairing the older structures, which they ought to have done of their own accord.
Given, the day before.

non. april. mediolano valentiniano a. iiii et neoterio v. c. conss.

on the Nones of April, at Milan, when Valentinian Augustus for the 4th time and Neoterius, a most distinguished man, were consuls.

(390 apr. 4).

(390 Apr. 4).

CTh.15.1.29

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. aureliano praefecto urbi.

emperors theodosius, arcadius and honorius, augusti, to aurelianus, prefect of the city.

ne quis iudicum nova aedificia moliatur, cum opera nonnulla aut coepta penderent aut neglecta nutarent. dat. iii kal.

Let none of the judges undertake new edifices, when several works either already begun were pending or, neglected, were tottering. Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

mar. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 febr.

Mar. at Constantinople, when Theodosius Augustus for the 3rd time and Abundantius were consuls. (393 Feb.

27).

CTh.15.1.30

Idem aaa. aureliano praefecto urbi. si quando concessa a nobis licentia fuerit extruendi, id sublimis magnificentia tua sciat esse servandum, ut nulla domus inchoandae publicae fabricae gratia diruatur, nisi usque ad quinquaginta libras argenti pretii aestimatione taxabitur.

The same, the Augusti, to Aurelianus, Prefect of the City. if ever permission shall have been granted by us for building, let Your Sublime Magnificence know that this is to be observed,
that no house be torn down for the sake of initiating a public construction,
unless it shall be assessed, by an appraisal of price, at a value up to fifty pounds of silver.

de aedificiis vero maioris meriti ad nostram scientiam referetur, ut, ubi amplior poscitur quantitas, imperialis extet auctoritas. dat. iii kal.

but concerning edifices of greater merit, it shall be referred to our knowledge, so that, where a larger quantity is demanded, imperial authority may stand forth. given on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

mart. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 febr.

march. at constantinople theodosius, augustus, for the 3rd time, and abundantius, consuls. (393 feb.

27).

CTh.15.1.31pr.

Theodosian Code 15.1.31, preface.

Idem aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio. si qui iudices perfecto operi suum potius nomen quam nostrae perennitatis scripserint, maiestatis teneantur obnoxii.

The same Augusti, to Rufinus, praetorian prefect. If any judges, upon a work completed, should write their own name rather than that of Our Perennity, let them be held liable to the charge of treason (maiestas).

(394 iul. 5).

(July 5, 394).

CTh.15.1.31.1

Illud etiam repetita sanctione decernimus, ut nemini iudicum liceat novis molitionibus industriae captare famam. quod si quis in administratione positus sine iussu nostro aedificii alicuius iacere fundamenta temptaverit, is proprio sumptu et iam privatus perficere cogetur quod ei non licuerat inchoare, nec provincia permittetur abscedere prius, quam ad perfectam manum coeptum perduxerit et, si quid de quibuslibet publicis titulis in ea ipsa fabrica praecepto eius impensum fuerit, reformarit. dat.

By a repeated sanction we also decree that it be permitted to none of the judges to court fame by new contrivances of industry. But if anyone in administration, without our order, shall attempt to lay the foundations of any building, he shall be compelled, at his own expense and now as a private person, to complete what he was not permitted to begin, nor shall he be allowed to depart from the province before he has brought the undertaking to completion; and, if anything from any public titles has been expended on that very construction by his command, he shall restore it. given.

iii non. iul. constantinopoli arcadio iii et honorio ii aa. conss.

July 5, at Constantinople, Arcadius for the 3rd time
and Honorius for the 2nd, Augusti, consuls.

(394 iul. 5).

(394 July 5).

CTh.15.1.32 [=brev.15.1.2]

Theodosian Code 15.1.32 [=Breviary 15.1.2]

Impp. arcad. et honor.

The Emperors arcadius and honorius.

aa. eusebio comiti sacrarum largitionum. ne splendidissimae urbes vel oppida vetustate labantur, de reditibus fundorum iuris rei publicae tertiam partem reparationi publicorum moenium et thermarum subustioni deputamus. dat.

The Augusti to Eusebius, Count of the Sacred Largesses. Lest the most splendid cities or towns collapse through age, from the revenues
of estates belonging to the right of the Republic we assign a third part to the repair of public walls and to the firing of the baths. Given.

xi. kal. iul. mediolano, olybrio et probino coss.

11th day before the Kalends of July, in Milan, Olybrius and Probinus, consuls.

interpretatio. quoties aedificia vetustate consumpta* necesse fuerit reparari, ad ipsam reparationem tertiam partem de proprio fiscus impendat

interpretation. as often as edifices consumed by vetusty* must needs be repaired, for the reparation itself the fisc shall expend a third part from its own resources

CTh.15.1.33

Idem aa. have, vincenti, karissime nobis. praecipua nobis cura est, ne aut provinciales nostri superindictionibus praegraventur aut opera publica pereant vetustate collapsa. singuli igitur ordines civitatum ad reparationem moenium publicorum nihil sibi amplius noverint praesumendum praeter tertiam portionem eius canonis, qui ex locis fundisque rei publicae quotannis conferri solet, sicut divi parentis nostri valentiniani senioris deputavit auctoritas.

the same emperors. hail, vincentius, dearest to us. our chief care is, lest either our provincials be overburdened by additional assessments, or opera
public works perish, collapsed by age. therefore let the several orders of the cities know that nothing more is to be presumed by them for the repair of the public walls beyond the third portion of that canon, which is accustomed to be contributed each year from the places and estates of the commonwealth, just as the authority of our deified parent valentinian the elder assigned.

dat. iii non. iul.

dated on the 3rd before the nones of July.

mediolano olybrio et probino conss. (395 iul. 5).

at milan, olybrius and probinus, consuls. (395 july 5).

CTh.15.1.34

Theodosian Code 15.1.34

Idem aa. caesario praefecto praetorio. omnes provinciarum rectores litteris moneantur, ut sciant ordines adque incolas urbium singularum muros vel novos debere facere vel firmius veteres renovare, scilicet hoc pacto impendiis ordinandis, ut adscriptio currat pro viribus singulorum, dein describantur pro aestimatione futuri operis territoria civium, ne plus poscatur aliquid quam necessitas imperaverit neve minus, ne instans impediatur effectus. oportet namque per singula iuga certa quaeque distribui, ut par cunctis praebendorum sumptuum necessitas imponatur.

The same Emperors to Caesarius, Praetorian Prefect. Let all rectors of the provinces be admonished by letters, that they may know that the orders and the inhabitants of the several cities must either make new walls or more firmly renew the old, namely with expenditures being ordered in this manner, that the adscription run according to the resources of individuals, then let the territories of the citizens be delineated for the estimation of the future work, lest anything more be demanded than necessity shall have commanded nor less, lest the pressing effect be impeded. For it is proper that fixed shares be distributed through each yoke, so that an equal necessity of expenses to be furnished be imposed upon all.

dat. viiii kal. april.

dated 9 days before the kalends of april.

arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 mart. 24).

arcadius 4 and honorius 3 augusti consuls. (396 mar. 24).

CTh.15.1.35

Theodosian Code 15.1.35

Idem aa. caesario praefecto praetorio. quidquid de palatiis aut praetoriis iudicum aut horreis aut stabulis et receptaculis animalium publicorum ruina lapsum fuerit, id rectorum facultatibus reparari praecipimus, qui a primo consulatu divi genitoris nostri usque praesens tempus gesserunt iudiciariam potestatem. proposita regio arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss.

The same Augusti, to Caesarius, praetorian prefect. Whatever of the palaces or the praetoria of the judges or the granaries or the stables and receptacles of the public animals
shall have fallen through ruin, we order that to be repaired at the expense of the rectors, who from the first consulship of our deified father down to the present
time have borne judicial power. Posted at Regio, Arcadius 4 and Honorius 3, Augusti, consuls.

(396 ....).

CTh.15.1.36

Theodosian Code 15.1.36

Idem aa. asterio comiti orientis. quoniam vias pontes, per quos itinera celebrantur, adque aquaeductus, muros quin etiam iuvari provisis sumptibus oportere signasti, cunctam materiam, quae ordinata dicitur ex demolitione templorum, memoratis necessitatibus deputari censemus, quo ad perfectionem cuncta perveniant. dat.

The same Augusti, to Asterius, count of the East. Since you have signified that the roads, the bridges, through which journeys are carried on, and also the aqueducts, and even the walls, ought to be aided with provided expenses,
we decree that all the material which is said to have been ordered from the demolition of temples be assigned to the aforementioned necessities, so that all things may come to perfection. Given.

kal. nov. caesario et attico conss.

On the Kalends of November, Caesarius and Atticus, consuls.

(397 nov. 1).

(397 Nov. 1).

CTh.15.1.37pr.

CTh. 15.1.37, preface.

Idem aa. theodoro praefecto praetorio. nemo iudicum in id temeritatis erumpat, ut inconsulta pietate nostra novi aliquid operis existimet inchoandum vel ex diversis operibus aeramen aut marmora vel quamlibet speciem, quae fuisse in usu vel ornatu probabitur civitatis, eripere vel alio transferre sine iussu tuae sublimitatis audeat. etenim si quis contra fecerit, tribus libris auri multabitur.

The same Augusti to Theodore, praetorian prefect. Let none of the judges burst into such temerity as to think that, without Our Piety having been consulted, some new work is to be begun, or to dare, from various works, to seize or transfer elsewhere bronze or marbles or any sort of item which shall be proven to have been in the use or ornament of the city, without the command of your Sublimity. For indeed, if anyone acts otherwise, he will be fined 3 pounds of gold.

(398 ian. 1).

(398 Jan. 1).

CTh.15.1.37.1

Theodosian Code 15.1.37.1

Similis etiam condemnatio ordines civitatum manebit, nisi ornamentum genitalis patriae decreti huius auctoritate defenderint. horreorum autem vel stabulorum fabricas arbitratu proprio provinciarum iudices studio laudandae devotionis adripiant. dat.

A similar condemnation will also remain upon the orders of the cities, unless they shall have defended the ornament of their native fatherland by the authority of this decree. of granaries however, or of stables, let the constructions be undertaken at their own discretion by the judges of the provinces, out of zeal for praiseworthy devotion. Given.

kal. ian. mediolano honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss.

on the kalends of january, at milan
when honorius augustus for the 4th time and eutychianus were consuls.

(398 ian. 1).

(398 Jan. 1).

CTh.15.1.38

Theodosian Code 15.1.38

Idem aa. eutychiano praefecto praetorio. excellens eminentia tua cuncta privata aedificia, quae coniuncta horreis publicis esse cognoverit, dirui ac demoliri praecipiet, ita ut ex quattuor lateribus privatorum consortio separata sint ac libero spatio secernantur, ut a principio fuerant fabricata. dat.

The same emperors to eutychianus, praetorian prefect. your excelling eminence shall order all private buildings which he shall have learned are joined to the public granaries
to be torn down and demolished, so that on all four sides they may be separated from the consortium of private parties and set apart by free space, as from the beginning they
had been fabricated. given.

v non. iul. constantinopoli honorio a. iii et eutychiano conss.

3 July, at Constantinople, Honorius Augustus, for the 3rd time, and Eutychianus, consuls.

(398 iul. [?] 3).

(398 July [?] 3).

CTh.15.1.39

Theodosian Code 15.1.39

Idem aa. severo praefecto urbi. aedificia, quae vulgi more parapetasia nuncupantur, vel si qua alia opera publicis moeniis vel privatis sociata cohaerent, ut ex his incendium vel insidias vicinitas reformidet aut angustentur spatia platearum vel minuatur porticibus latitudo, dirui ac prosterni praecipimus. dat.

The same Emperors to Severus, Prefect of the City. Buildings which in popular usage are called parapets, or if any other works, associated and cohering to public or private walls, are such that the vicinity fears from them fire or ambushes, or the spaces of the streets are constricted or the breadth of the porticoes is diminished: we order these to be demolished and leveled. Given.

v id. octob. constantinopoli honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss. (398 oct.

on the 5th day before the Ides of October (October 11), at Constantinople, when Honorius Augustus for the 4th time and Eutychianus were consuls. (398 oct.

11).

CTh.15.1.40

Theodosian Code 15.1.40

Idem aa. eutychiano praefecto praetorio. si aliquando operum publicorum petitores emergant, non nisi diruta penitusque destructa et quae parum sint usui civitatum petitoribus adsignentur. dat.

The same Augusti, to Eutychianus, praetorian prefect. If at any time petitioners for public works should emerge, let nothing except what has been demolished and utterly destroyed, and
those things which are of little use to the cities, be assigned to the petitioners. Given.

id. dec. honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss. (398 dec.

On the Ides of December, in the consulship of Honorius Augustus (4th) and Eutychianus. (398 dec.

13).

CTh.15.1.41

Theodosian Code 15.1.41

Idem aa. hadriano praefecto praetorio. omnia aedificia publica sive iuris templorum intra muros posita vel etiam muris cohaerentia, quae tamen nullis censibus patuerit obligata, curiales et collegiati submotis competitoribus teneant adque custodiant, suarum non inmemores fortunarum, ita ut eos nullus penitus inquietet, qui aliquem locum publicum aut per sacram adnotationem meruerit aut in areis vacantibus, quae nullum usum civitatibus ornatumque praeberent, insinuata auctoritate rescripti propriis sumptibus aedificaverit. si qua vero super huiusmodi locis fuerit orta dubitatio, non aliquid municipes sive collegiatos volumus sponte praesumere, sed a rectore provinciae ortam dirimi quaestionem vel sublimem consuli praefecturam, si iudicandi exegerit difficultas.

The same Augusti to Hadrianus, Praetorian Prefect. all public buildings or those of the legal right of temples situated within the walls or even adjoining the walls, which, however, shall have been shown to be bound by no assessments, let the curials and the collegiates, the competitors removed, hold and guard, not unmindful of their own resources, so that no one at all shall disturb those who either have earned some public place by sacred annotation, or who, on vacant plots which afforded no use or adornment to the communities, with the authority of a rescript entered, have built at their own expense. but if any doubt shall have arisen concerning places of this sort, we do not wish the townsmen or the collegiates to presume anything of their own accord, but that the question arisen be decided by the governor of the province, or that the Sublime Prefecture be consulted, if the difficulty of judging shall require it.

palatina sane officia ab his locis abstinere oportet nec praebendae instructionis gratia cuique subripiendi aditum reserari, cum, si quando a quopiam vacans locus aut area postulatur, consultius ad ordinarios iudices nostri mittantur affatus, ut, si neque usui neque ornatui civitatis adcommodum videtur esse quod poscitur, periculo ordinis et provincialis officii absque ullius gratiae colludio competitori sub gestorum testificatione tradantur. pensiones autem, quae deinceps sublatae a competitoribus fuerint, rationabiliter impositas reparationi iubemus proficere civitatis, exceptis videlicet pensionibus praeteriti temporis, quae iam sollemniter sacro privatoque debentur aerario. dat.

Indeed, the Palatine offices ought to abstain from these places,
nor, for the sake of furnishing instruction, should an approach for filching be opened to anyone; since, whenever a vacant place or plot is requested by someone,
it is more advisable that addresses be sent to our ordinary judges, so that, if what is asked seems to be suitable neither to the use nor to the adornment of the city,
it may be handed over to the competitor, at the peril of the order and of the provincial office, without the collusion of any favor, under the attestation of the records. But the pensions (rents), which thereafter shall have been raised from the competitors, being reasonably imposed, we order to go to the repair of the city,
with the pensions of past time excepted, namely, which are already by solemn usage owed to the sacred and the private treasury. Given.

iiii non. iul. mediolano vincentio et fravito conss.

4 before the nones of july, at milan
under the consuls vincentius and fravitus.

(401 iul. 4).

(July 4, 401).

CTh.15.1.42

Theodosian Code 15.1.42

Idem aa. eutychiano praefecto praetorio. eudoxiopolitanae civitatis cives pro oblata no .... suam patriam ergasteria condonamus. ne quis igitur ergasteria memorata a nostra serenitate deinceps petere moliatur eaque ratione civium, quorum censum cupimus ampliari, iura perturbet.

The same emperors, to Eutychianus, praetorian prefect. To the citizens of the city of Eudoxiopolis, in return for the offering presented to ...., we grant to their fatherland the ergasteria. Therefore let no one henceforth attempt to seek the aforesaid ergasteria from our Serenity, and by that means disturb the rights of the citizens, whose census we desire to be enlarged.

dat. prid. id. iul.

dated the day before the ides of july.

constantinopoli honorio a. vi et aristaeneto conss. (404 iul. 14).

at constantinople, honorius augustus (6th) and aristaenetus, consuls. (404 july 14).

CTh.15.1.43

Idem aa. hadriano praefecto praetorio. petentibus loca publica ea condicione adnuimus, ne quid usui vel ornatibus aut commodis civitatum auferatur. et quamquam nullum opinemur existere, qui contra commoda vel ornatum propriae civitatis competitorum obreptionibus coniveret, adtamen huiuscemodi rescripta ad excellentiam tuam referri praecipimus, scientibus iudicibus, quod, si qui deinceps subrepticia voluerit allegare rescripta, non nisi reprehensione existimationis suae et poena officiorum suorum his aditum praebebunt, si in tradendis locis publicis, si qui forte nostra liberalitate fuerint concessi, excellentiae tuae non expectetur auctoritas.

The same Augusti to Hadrianus, praetorian prefect. We have assented to those requesting public places on this condition: that nothing be taken away from the use or the adornments or the conveniences of the cities. And although we suppose there exists no one who would connive, through the obreptions of competitors, against the interests or ornament of his own city, nevertheless we order that rescripts of this kind be referred to Your Excellency, the judges knowing that, if anyone hereafter should wish to allege surreptitious rescripts, they will afford access to these only with censure of their estimation and with a penalty upon their offices, if, in the handing over of public places, if any should perchance have been granted by our liberality, the authority of Your Excellency is not awaited.

dat. viii kal. octob.

dated on the 8th day before the Kalends of October.

ravennae stilichone ii et anthemio conss. (405 sept. 24).

At Ravenna, with Stilicho for the 2nd time and Anthemius as consuls. (405 Sept. 24).

CTh.15.1.44

Codex Theodosianus 15.1.44

Idem aaa. aemiliano praefecto urbi. si quando usus exegerit vel porticus vel quaslibet aedes aetatis senio seu fortuitis concussas casibus reparari, liceat etiam inconsulta clementia nostra cum reverentia sui imaginem deponere vel nostram vel retro principum reportatamque post refecta aedificia loco proprio denuo collocare.

The same Augusti to Aemilianus, Prefect of the City. If ever need shall require that either porticoes or any buildings, shaken by the senescence of age or by fortuitous mishaps, be repaired, let it be permitted, even without our Clemency being consulted, with reverence for it, to take down the image either of ourselves or of former princes, and, once brought back, after the edifices have been restored, to place it anew in its proper place.

dat. v kal. iul.

dated on the 5th day before the Kalends of July (June 27).

constantinopoli arcadio a. vi et probo conss. (406 iun. 27).

at Constantinople, in the consulship of Arcadius Augustus for the 6th time and Probus, consuls. (406 June 27).

CTh.15.1.45

The Theodosian Code 15.1.45

Idem aaa. aemiliano praefecto urbi. omnibus tabulatis tam his, quae intercolumnis adfixa sunt quam his, quae superiores porticus dividunt, ad formam pristinam civitatis habitus revocetur, ascensibus etiam his, qui ad superiores porticus ducunt, tam in latiorem modum patentibus quam pro ligneis scalis lapideis gradibus fabricandis.

The same Augusti to Aemilianus, Prefect of the City. Let all the tabulata, both those which are affixed in the intercolumniations and those which divide the upper porticoes, be recalled to the pristine form of the city’s aspect, and the ascents also, those which lead to the upper porticoes, both be opened out in a broader fashion and, in place of wooden stairways, stone steps be constructed.

ita enim et pericula incendii aberunt et si qui casus adversi tulerint, facile amotis angustiis homines inter incendia discursus ac liberandi sui facultatem invenient. dat. xi kal.

For thus both the dangers of conflagration will be absent, and, if any adverse mishaps should befall, with the constrictions removed people will easily find, amid fires, the opportunity for movement and for self-rescue. Given on the 11th day before the Kalends.

novemb. constantinopoli arcadio a. vi et probo conss. (406 oct.

November, at Constantinople
under Arcadius Augustus for the 6th time and Probus, consuls. (406 oct.

22).

CTh.15.1.46

Idem aaa. aemiliano praefecto urbi. aedificia privatorum publicis aedibus adhaerentia sive superposita destrui tollique praecipimus.

The same Augusti to Aemilianus, Prefect of the City. We order that buildings of private persons adjoining to public buildings or superposed upon them be demolished and removed.

et in posterum id aperte sancimus, ut, si qui aedificandi iuxta publicas aedes animos dederit, quindecim pedum spatio interiecto inter publica ac privata aedificia ita sibi noverit fabricandum, ut tali intervallo et publicae aedes a periculo vindicentur et privatus aedificator velut perperam fabricati loci destructionis quandoque futurae non timeat detrimentum. dat. xi kal.

and in
the future we openly sanction this: that, if anyone has given his mind to building next to public buildings, with a space of fifteen feet interposed between public
and private buildings, he should know that he must build for himself in such a way that by such an interval both the public buildings are vindicated from danger and the private builder, as it were,
may not fear loss from the destruction sometime future of a site improperly constructed. Given. 11 kal.

nov. constantinopoli arcadio a. vi et probo conss. (406 oct.

Nov. at Constantinople, under Arcadius Augustus for the 6th time and Probus
consuls. (406 oct.

22).

CTh.15.1.47

Theodosian Code 15.1.47

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. monaxio praefecto urbi. quicumque locus in palatio huius urbis privatis aedificiis incommode occupatus est, is quam primum subrutis omnibus quae in eo sunt aedificiis palatio reformetur.

the emperors honorius and theodosius, augusti, to monaxius, prefect of the city. whatever place in the palace of this city has been inconveniently occupied by private edifices, let that, as soon as possible, with all the edifices that are in it torn down, be restored to the palace.

quod privatorum non est parietibus coartandum, nam imperio magna ab universis secreta debentur: ut hi tantum locum habeant habitandi, quos legitimus maiestatis nostrae usus et rei publicae disciplina delegit, in futurum etiam universis ab huiusmodi usurpatione prohibendis. dat. viiii kal.

what is not of private persons is not to be constrained by walls, for to the imperium great secreta are owed by all: so that only those may have a place for habitation whom the legitimate use of our Majesty and the discipline of the res publica has chosen, with all also in future to be prohibited from such a usurpation. Given on the 9 Kalends.

mar. constantinopoli honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss. (409 febr.

Mar. at Constantinople, in the consulship of Honorius 8 and Theodosius 3, the augusti. (409 febr.

21).

CTh.15.1.48

Theodosian Code 15.1.48

Idem aa. bonosiano praefecto urbi. nihil ex his, quae instaurationi ornatibusque singulis deputavit antiquitas, nullius colore occasionis auferri volumus. igitur a futuro proximo consulatu universa praedictae urbi debitorum vectigalium illibata augmenta pervaleant.

The same, the Augusti, to Bonosianus, Prefect of the City. We do not wish anything of those things which antiquity deputed to restoration and to the several ornaments to be taken away under the color of any occasion. Therefore, from the forthcoming next consulship, let all the inviolate increases of the tax revenues owed to the aforesaid city have full force.

dat. iiii kal. decemb.

given, the 4th day
before the Kalends of December.

ravennae post cons. varanae v. c. (411 nov. 28).

at ravenna, after the consulship of varana, a most distinguished man (411 nov. 28).

CTh.15.1.49

Idem aa. herculio praefecto praetorio illyrici. constructioni murorum et comparationi transvectionique specierum universi sine ullo privilegio coartentur, ita ut in his dumtaxat titulis universi pro portione suae possessionis et iugationis ad haec munia coartentur, quo ita demum, a summis ad infimos usque sarcina decurrente, ferendi oneris non leve solacium, sed in commune omnibus profuturum communi labore curetur. quod in partibus dumtaxat illyricianis nostram clementiam statuisse tua sublimitas recognoscat.

The same Augusti, to Herculius, praetorian prefect of Illyricum. Let all, without any privilege, be constrained to the construction of walls and to the procurement and transvection of materials, such that, in these titles only, all are constrained to these munia in proportion to their possession and jugation, so that thus at last, with the burden running from the highest down to the lowest, there may be provided not a slight alleviation of the burden to be borne, but, by common labor, something to benefit all in common. Let your Sublimity recognize that our Clemency has established this in the Illyrian parts only.

dat. v id. april. constantinopoli dd. nn. honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss.

dated april 9 at constantinople, under our lords, the emperors, honorius for the 9th time and theodosius for the 5th time, consuls.

(412 apr. 9).

(April 9, 412).

CTh.15.1.50

Theodosian Code 15.1.50

Idem aa. isidoro praefecto urbi. opus coeptum extruatur et porticus thermas honorianas praecurrat acie columnarum, cuius decus tantum est, ut privata iuste neglegeretur paulisper utilitas. sed ne census sui quisquam intercepta lucra deploret, sed e contrario cum pulchritudine civitatis etiam fortunas suas auctas esse laetetur, pro loco quod quisque possederat superaedificandi licentiam habeat.

The same Augusti to Isidore, Prefect of the City. Let the work begun be built up, and let a portico, with a line of columns, run before the Honorian baths, whose adornment is so great that private utility may justly be neglected for a little while. But lest anyone bewail, in his revenue, profits intercepted, but on the contrary let him rejoice that together with the beauty of the city his fortunes also have been increased, let each have license, for the place which each had possessed, to build above.

nam in locum privati aedificii, quod in usum publicum translatum est, occupationem basilicae iubemus vetustae succedere, ut contractus quidam et permutatio facta videatur, cum dominus, qui suum dederat civitati, pro eo habiturus sit ex publico remota omni formidine, quod inconcusso robore et ipse habere et quibus velit tradere habebit liberam facultatem. dat. iiii kal.

for in place of the private building which has been transferred into public use, we order the occupation of an ancient basilica to succeed, so that a kind of contract and permutation may seem to have been made, since the owner who had given what was his to the community, in return for it is to have from the public, with every fear removed, that which with unshaken strength he will have the free faculty both to hold himself and to hand over to whom he wishes. Given on the 4th day before the Kalends.

novemb. constantinopoli honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 oct.

in Nov., at Constantinople, Honorius for the 9th and Theodosius for the 5th, Augusti, consuls.
(412 oct.

29).

CTh.15.1.51

Idem aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. turres novi muri, qui ad munitionem splendidissimae urbis extructus est, completo opere praecipimus eorum usui deputari, per quorum terras idem murus studio ac provisione tuae magnitudinis ex nostrae serenitatis arbitrio celebratur, eadem lege in perpetuum et condicione servanda, ut annis singulis hi vel ad quorum iura terrulae demigraverint proprio sumptu earum instaurationem sibimet intellegant procurandam, earumque usu publico beneficio potientes curam reparationis ac sollicitudinem ad se non ambigant pertinere. ita enim et splendor operis et civitatis munitio cum privatorum usu et utilitate servabitur.

The same Emperors to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. We order that the towers of the new wall—which has been erected for the fortification of the most splendid city—once the work is completed, be assigned to the use of those through whose lands that same wall, by the zeal and provision of your Magnitude, at the judgment of our Serenity, is being carried out, with the same law and condition to be observed in perpetuity: namely, that each year these men—or those into whose rights the little plots shall have passed—understand that the instauration (restoration) of them is to be provided by themselves at their own expense; and, enjoying the public benefit of their use, let them not doubt that the care and concern for repair pertain to themselves. For thus both the splendor of the work and the city’s fortification will be preserved together with the use and utility of private persons.

dat. prid. non.

dated the day before the nones.

april. lucio v c. cons. (413 apr.

april. with lucius, a most distinguished man, as consul. (413 apr.

4).

CTh.15.1.52

Imp. theodosius a. severino praefecto urbi. quia plurimae domus cum officinis suis in porticibus zeuxippi esse memorantur, reditus memoratorum locorum pro quantitate, quae placuit, ad praebenda luminaria et aedificia ac tecta reparanda regiae huius urbis lavacro sine aliqua iubemus excusatione conferri.

emperor theodosius augustus to severinus, prefect of the city. because very many houses with their workshops are reported to be in the porticoes of the zeuxippos, the revenues of the aforementioned places, in the amount which has been approved, for providing lights and for repairing the buildings and roofs of the bath of this royal city, we order to be contributed without any excuse.

dat. v id. ian. victore v. c. cons.

Dated 9 January, in the consulship of Victor, a most distinguished man.

(424 ian. 9).

(January 9, 424).

CTh.15.1.53

Theodosian Code 15.1.53

Idem a. et valentinianus caes. constantio praefecto urbi. exsedras, quae septentrionali videntur adhaerere porticui, in quibus tantum amplitudinis et decoris esse monstratur, ut publicis commodis possint capacitatis ac pulchritudinis suae admiratione sufficere, supra dictorum consessibus deputabit.

The same Augustus and Valentinian Caesar, to Constantius, Prefect of the City. The exedras, which seem to adjoin the northern portico, in which such great amplitude and decor are shown that they can suffice for public conveniences by the admiration of their capacity and beauty, he shall assign to the sessions of those above-mentioned.

eas vero, quae tam orientali quam occidentali lateri copulantur, quas nulla a platea aditus adque egressus patens pervias facit, veterum usibus popinarum iubebit adscribi. his tamen ipsis, quae humiliores aliquanto adque angustiores putantur, vicinarum spatia cellularum ex utriusque lateris portione oportet adiungi, ne quid aut ministris eorundem locorum desit aut populis. sane si qui memoratas cellulas probabuntur vel imperatoria largitate vel quacumque alia donatione aut emptione legitima possidere, eos magnificentia tua competens pro isdem de publico pretium iubebit accipere.

those, however, which are coupled to both the eastern and the western side, which no open access and egress from the street makes passable, you shall order to be assigned to the ancient uses of popinae (cook-shops). to these very ones, however, which are considered somewhat lower and narrower, it is proper that spaces of neighboring cells be added from a portion of either side, lest anything be lacking either to the ministers/attendants of those same places or to the peoples. indeed, if any shall be found to possess the aforesaid cells either by imperial largess or by whatever other donation or by legitimate purchase, your Magnificence shall order that they receive a suitable price from the public for the same.

dat. iii kal. mar.

dated 3 days before the Kalends of March.

constantinopoli d. n. theodosio a. xi et valentiniano caes. i conss. (425 febr.

At Constantinople, our lord Theodosius, Augustus, for the 11th time, and
Valentinian, Caesar, for the 1st, as consuls. (February 425

27).

CTh.15.2.0. De aquaeductu

CTh.15.2.0. On the aqueduct

CTh.15.2.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad maximilianum consularem aquarum. possessores, per quorum fines formarum meatus transeunt, ab extraordinariis oneribus volumus esse inmunes, ut eorum opera aquarum ductus sordibus obpleti mundentur, nec ad aliud superindictae rei onus isdem possessoribus adtinendis, ne circa res alias occupati repurgium formarum facere non occurrant.

The Emperor Constantine Augustus to Maximilianus, consular of the waters. The possessors, through whose boundaries the conduits’ passages run, we wish to be immune from
extraordinary burdens, so that by their labor the water-ducts, clogged with filth, may be cleaned, and with no other burden of additionally imposed business fastened upon the same possessors,
lest, occupied with other matters, they fail to attend to the cleansing of the conduits.

quod si neglexerint, amissione possessionum multabuntur: nam fiscus eius praedium obtinebit, cuius neglegentia perniciem formae congesserit. praeterea scire eos oportet, per quorum praedia ductus commeat, ut dextra laevaque de ipsis formis quindecim pedibus intermissis arbores habeant; observante tuo officio, ut, si quo tempore pullulaverint, excidantur, ne earum radices fabricam formae conrumpant. dat.

but if they should neglect it, they shall be penalized by forfeiture of their possessions: for the Fisc will hold the praedium of him whose negligence has heaped ruin upon the conduit. moreover, those through whose praedia the duct passes ought to know that, on the right and on the left, with fifteen feet left open from the conduits themselves, they may have trees; your office seeing to it that, if at any time they sprout, they are cut down, lest their roots corrupt the fabric of the conduit. given.

xv kal. iun. gallicano et symmacho conss.

on the 15th day before the Kalends of June, in the consulship of Gallicanus and Symmachus, consuls.

(330 mai. 18).

(330 May 18).

CTh.15.2.2

Theodosian Code 15.2.2

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. fortunatiano comiti rerum privatarum.

The Emperors Valentinian, Valens, and Gratian, Augusti, to Fortunatianus, Count of the Private Estates.

aquaeductus, qui dafnensi palatio usum aquae praestat, quorundam aviditate tenuatur adpositis maioribus fistulis, quam ex imperiali largitate meruerunt. consensu igitur omnium in tribus locis conceptacula reparentur et singulorum nomina modusque servandus tabulis adscribatur, et si ultra licitum aliquem usurpasse constiterit, per singulos obolos librae unius auri dispendiis ingravetur. et si sacri tenore rescripti aliqui certum modum aquae meruisse noscetur, non prius eidem accipiendi potestas aliquatenus tribuatur, nisi adito rectore ex ipso conceptaculo quantitatem quam meruit possit adipisci.

The aqueduct that provides the Daphnene palace with the use of water is being diminished by the greed of certain persons, larger pipes having been attached than they merited from imperial largess. Therefore, by the consent of all, catch-basins shall be restored in three places, and the names of individuals and the measure to be observed shall be inscribed on tablets; and if it is established that anyone has usurped beyond what is permitted, let him be burdened, for each obolus, with the expense of one pound of gold. And if by the tenor of a sacred rescript someone is known to have merited a certain measure of water, no power of receiving the same shall in any way be granted beforehand, unless, the governor having been approached, he can obtain from that very catch-basin the quantity that he merited.

dat. iii kal. nov.

given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of November.

antiochiae valentiniano n. p. et victore conss. (369 oct. 30?).

at Antioch, Valentinian, most noble boy, and Victor, consuls. (369 Oct. 30?).

CTh.15.2.3

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. clearcho praefecto urbi.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, Augusti, to Clearchus, Prefect of the City.

summas quidem domus, si lavacris lautioribus praesententur, binas non amplius aquae uncias aut, si hoc amplius exegerit ratio dignitatis, supra ternas neutiquam possidere, mediocres vero et inferioris meriti domus singulis et semis contentas esse decernimus, si tamen huiuscemodi balneas easdem habere claruerit. ceteros vero, qui mansionem spatio angustiore sustentant, ad mediae unciae usum tantum gaudere praecipimus neque obreptionem cuiquam patere, ita ut quod tibi paret officium sex librarum auri multa feriatur, nisi prodiderit usurpantes et is qui fefellit careat impetrato. dat.

the top-tier houses, if they are furnished with more lavish baths,
are to possess not more than two ounces of water, or, if the rationale of dignity has required more than this, in no wise to possess above three; but the middling and houses of inferior merit we decree to be content with one and a half, if, however, it has been made clear that they have baths of this kind. The rest,
who maintain a dwelling in a narrower space, we direct to enjoy only the use of a half-ounce, nor let obreption be open to anyone, in such a way
that the office that obeys you be struck with a fine of 6 pounds of gold, unless it has exposed the usurpers, and let him who has deceived be deprived of what was obtained. Given.

x kal. iul. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss.

10 days before the Kalends of July, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Antonius and Syagrius.

(382 [?] iun. 22).

(382 [?] June 22).

CTh.15.2.4

Theodosian Code 15.2.4

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. pancratio praefecto urbi.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, the augusti. to pancratius, prefect of the city.

si quis de cetero vetiti furoris audacia florentissimae urbis commoda voluerit mutilare aquam ad suum fundum ex aquaeductu publico derivando, sciat eundem fundum fiscalis tituli proscriptione signatum privatis rebus nostris adgregandum. dat. viii ... constantinopoli timasio et promoto conss.

If anyone hereafter, by the audacity of a forbidden frenzy, should wish to mutilate the amenities of the most flourishing city by diverting water from the public aqueduct to his own estate, let him know that that same estate, marked with the proscription of a fiscal title, is to be aggregated to our private property. Given on 8 ... at Constantinople, Timasius and Promotus, consuls.

(389 [?] ...).

CTh.15.2.5

Idem aaa. albino praefecto urbis romae. eos, qui aquae copiam vel olim vel nunc per nostra indulta meruerunt, eius usum aut ex castellis aut ex ipsis formis iubemus elicere neque earum fistularum quas matrices vocant cursum ac soliditatem adtemptare.

Likewise the same Augusti to Albinus, Prefect of the City of Rome. Those who have merited a supply of water, whether formerly or now, through our indults, we order to draw its use either from the castella or from the channels themselves, and not to attempt the flow and solidity of those pipes which they call matrices.

dat. v kal. septemb.

dated on the 5th day before the Kalends of September.

romae timasio et promoto conss. (389 aug. 28).

at rome, in the consulship of timasius and promotus (389 aug. 28).

CTh.15.2.6

Theodosian Code 15.2.6

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. ad africanum praefectum urbi. quicumque ex aquaeductu magis quam ex castellis aquae usum putaverit derivandum, etiam id quod prius iure beneficii fuerat consecutus amittat.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Africanus, Prefect of the City. Whoever shall deem the use of water to be drawn off from the aqueduct rather than from the castella, let him also forfeit even that which he had previously obtained by right of benefice.

in eum vero pro condicione personae conveniet severissimo supplicio vindicari, qui adversus statuta huius oraculi avidae cupiditatis noluerit frena cohibere, ut privatis indulti meatus mensura famuletur. proposita iiii kal. iun.

But as for him, truly, according to the condition of the person, it will be fitting that he be avenged with the most severe punishment,
who, against the statutes of this oracular pronouncement, shall have been unwilling to restrain the reins of avid cupidity, so that the measure of the flow granted to private persons
may be served. Posted on the 4th day before the Kalends of June (May 29).

constantinopoli olybrio et probino conss. (395 mai. 29).

at constantinople olybrius and probinus, consuls. (395 may 29).

CTh.15.2.7 [=brev.15.2.1]

Idem aa. asterio comiti orientis. post alia: usum aquae veterem longoque dominio constitutum singulis civibus manere censemus nec ulla novatione turbari, ita tamen, ut quantitatem singuli, quam vetere licentia percipiunt, more usque in praesentem diem perdurante percipiant: mansura poena in eos, qui ad inrigationes agrorum vel hortorum delicias furtivis aquarum meatibus abutuntur. dat.

The same emperors to Asterius, Count of the East. after other things: we deem that the ancient use of water, established by long dominion, is to remain to individual citizens and to be disturbed by no novation, provided, however, that each shall receive the quantity which by ancient license they receive, the custom enduring even to the present day, and shall so receive it: a penalty shall abide upon those who, for the irrigations of fields or the delights of gardens, abuse furtive channels of waters. Given.

kal. nov. caesario et attico conss.

on the Kalends of November, in the consulship of Caesarius and Atticus.

interpretatio. haec lex interpretatione non indige

interpretation. this law does not need interpretation

CTh.15.2.8

Theodosian Code 15.2.8

Idem aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. ex forma, cui nomen augusta est, quae in campania sumptu publico reparata est, nihil privatim singulorum usurpatio praesumat neque cuiquam posthac derivandae aquae copia tribuatur. si quis autem meatum aquae ausus fuerit avertere, quinque libras auri aerario nostro inferre cogatur.

the same emperors to messala, praetorian prefect. from the conduit, whose name is augusta, which in campania has been repaired at public expense, let no private usurpation by individuals presume anything, nor let permission be granted to anyone hereafter for diverting the water. but if anyone shall have dared to turn aside the channel of the water, let him be compelled to pay into our treasury five pounds of gold.

quidquid etiam ob eam fraudem ex rescripto fuerit elicitum vel qualibet arte temptatum, irritum habeatur. dat. v kal.

Whatever also, on account of that fraud, shall have been elicited from a rescript or attempted by any artifice, let it be held void. Given on the 5th day before the Kalends.

ian. mediolano theodoro v. c. cons. (399 dec.

jan. at milan, in the consulship of theodorus, a most distinguished man. (399 dec.

28).

CTh.15.2.9

Theodosian Code 15.2.9

Idem aa. ad flavianum praefectum urbi. ne quis claudiam interruptis formae lateribus adque perfossis sibi fraude elicita existimet vindicandam. si quis contra fecerit, earum protinus aedium et locorum amissione multetur.

The same Augusti to flavianus, prefect of the city. Let no one think that the Claudia, with the sides of the conduit broken and also bored through, ought to be claimed for himself by fraud. If anyone shall have done otherwise, let him be punished forthwith by the loss of those houses and places.

officium praeterea, cuius ad sollicitudinem operis huius custodia pertinebit, hac poena constringimus, ut tot librarum auri illatione multetur, quot uncias claudiae nostrae coniventia eius usurpatas fuisse constiterit. dat. vi id. nov.

Moreover, we bind the office, to whose solicitude the guardianship of this work shall pertain, with this penalty: that it be fined by the exaction of as many pounds of gold as it shall have been established that ounces of our Claudia (aqueduct), by its connivance, were usurped. Given on November 8.

mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss. (400 nov. 8).

at milan, stilicho and aurelian, consuls. (400 nov. 8).

CTh.15.3.0. De itinere muniendo

CTh.15.3.0. On paving the road

CTh.15.3.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad proculum proconsulem africae. emphyteuticarii possessores, qui mansuetudinis nostrae beneficio ad extraordinaria minime devocentur, sicut ceteri provinciales obsequium suum muniendis itineribus impendant.

The emperor constantine augustus to proculus, proconsul of africa. The emphyteuticary possessors, who by the benefice of our mansuetude are in no way called to
extraordinary exactions, shall, like the other provincials, expend their service upon the muniting of the roads.

nulla enim ratione debent ab hoc, quod in commune omnibus profuturum est, esse seiuncti. proposita non. mai.

for by no rationale ought they to be disjoined from this, which will be for the common benefit of all. Posted on May 7.

karthagine constantino a. v et licinio caes. conss. (319 mai.

at carthage, when constantine augustus for the 5th time and licinius caesar were consuls (may 319.

7).

CTh.15.3.2

Theodosian Code 15.3.2

Imp. iulianus a. ad avitianum vicarium africae. post alia: in muniendis viis iustissimum aequitatis cursum reliquit auctoritas.

Emperor Julian Augustus to Avitianus, Vicar of Africa. After other things: in the building of roads, authority has left behind the most just course of equity.

singuli enim loca debent quaeque sortiri, ut sibi consulant vel neglegentia vel labore. igitur eos loca iuxta morem priscum delegata curare oportebit. et cetera.

for each, indeed
must obtain places by lot, so that they may look to themselves either through negligence or through labor. therefore it will be proper for them to take care of the places assigned according to the ancient custom. and
the rest.

dat. vii kal. nov.

given on the 7th day before the Kalends of November.

iuliano a. iiii et sallustio conss. (363

in the consulship of Julian, Augustus, for the 4th time, and Sallustius, consuls. (363

[362] oct. 26).

CTh.15.3.3

Theodosian Code 15.3.3

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. ad eusignium praefectum praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti. to eusignius, praetorian prefect.

a viarum munitione nullus habeatur inmunis, et eorum praediorum actores, qui forte iniuncto oneri privilegiorum contemplatione parere minime voluerint, nostrae domui vindicentur. dat. iiii kal.

let no one be held immune from the mending of roads, and
the agents of those estates who, perhaps, under the enjoined burden, by contemplation of privileges have been least willing to obey, shall be vindicated to our house. Given on the 4th day before the Kalends.

mart. valentiniano a. iii et eutropio conss. (387 febr.

mar. valentinian, augustus, 3, and eutropius, consuls. (387 febr.

26).

CTh.15.3.4

Theodosian Code 15.3.4

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. dudum quidem fuerat constitutum, ut illustrium patrimonia dignitatum ab instauratione itinerum haberentur excepta.

Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Messala, praetorian prefect. Some time ago indeed it had been established that the patrimonies of the illustrious dignities be considered excepted from the instauration of roads.

verum propter inmensas vastitates viarum certatim studia cunctorum ad reparationem publici aggeris conducibili devotione volumus festinare, nulla ad instructum munitionis huiusce dignitate aut privatorum privilegiorum in qualibet....Studiosius adpetita. etiam istud adiungimus, ut domos etiam clementiae nostrae, quas vetusta et innumera ab huius oneris curatione privilegia vindicabant, par condicio et sollicitudo constringat, ita tamen, ut in ceteris quae vel illustribus vel patrimonio nostro praecedentibus edictis beneficia fuerant adtributa, intemerata permaneant. dat.

but on account of the immense devastations of the roads we wish the zeal of all to hasten, in a competition of efforts, to the reparation of the public causeway with conducive devotion, with no rank or the privileges of private persons, in whatever....Studiosius coveted, standing against the equipment of this construction. We also add this: that an equal condition and solicitude shall constrain even the houses of our clemency, which ancient and innumerable privileges were claiming exempt from the management of this burden; yet in such a way that in the rest, the benefits which by preceding edicts had been attributed either to the Illustrious or to our patrimony remain inviolate. Given.

iii kal. mai. mediolano theodoro v. c. cons.

At Milan, on 29 April, in the consulship of Theodorus, a most distinguished man.

(399 apr. 29).

(April 29, 399).

CTh.15.3.5

Theodosian Code 15.3.5

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. antiquatis omnibus vel personalibus rescriptis vel per adnotationes elicitis per bithyniam ceterasque provincias possessores et reparationi publici aggeris et ceteris eiusmodi muneribus pro iugorum numero vel capitum, quae possidere noscuntur, adstringi cogantur.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. With all rescripts, whether general or personal, or elicited through adnotations, antiquated, throughout Bithynia and the other provinces let the possessors be compelled to be bound both to the reparation of the public embankment and to other duties of such kind, in proportion to the number of iuga (yokes) or of capita (heads) which they are known to possess.

dat. vii kal. nov.

given on the 7th day before the Kalends of November.

constantinopoli honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 oct. 26).

at Constantinople, when Honorius for the 9th and Theodosius for the 5th time, the Augusti, were consuls. (412 oct. 26).

CTh.15.3.6

Codex Theodosianus 15.3.6

Idem aa. asclepiodoto praefecto praetorio. absit, ut nos instructionem viae publicae et pontium stratarumque operam titulis magnorum principum dedicatam inter sordida munera numeremus. igitur ad instructiones reparationesque itinerum pontiumque nullum genus hominum nulliusque dignitatis ac venerationis meritis cessare oportet.

The same emperors to Asclepiodotus, Praetorian Prefect. Far be it that we should count the maintenance of the public highway and of bridges and the work of pavements, dedicated to the titles of great
princes, among sordid duties. Therefore, for the constructions and repairs of roads and bridges, no class
of men and by the merits of no dignity and veneration ought to hold back.

domos etiam divinas ac venerandas ecclesias tam laudabili titulo libenter adscribimus. quam legem cunctarum provinciarum iudicibus intimari conveniet, ut noverint, quae viis publicis antiquitas tribuenda decrevit, sine ullius vel reverentiae vel dignitatis exceptione praestanda. dat.

We also gladly ascribe the divine houses and the venerable churches under so laudable a title
Which law it will be fitting to be intimated to the judges of all the provinces, so that they may know that what antiquity decreed to be assigned to the public roads is to be furnished, without exception of anyone’s reverence or dignity. Given.

xv kal. mart. constantinopoli asclepiodoto et mariniano conss.

february 15, at constantinople, asclepiodotus and
marinianus, consuls.

(423 febr. 15).

(423 february 15).

CTh.15.4.0. De imaginibus imperialibus

CTh.15.4.0. On imperial images

CTh.15.4.1pr.

CTh.15.4.1pref.

Imp. theodosius a. et valentinianus caes. aetio praefecto praetorio.

emperor theodosius augustus and valentinian caesar, to aetius, praetorian prefect.

si quando nostrae statuae vel imagines eriguntur seu diebus, ut adsolet, festis sive communibus, adsit iudex sine adorationis ambitioso fastigio, ut ornamentum diei vel loco et nostrae recordationi sui probet accessisse praesentiam. (425 mai. 5).

if ever our statues or images are erected, or on days, as is customary, festive or common, let the judge be present without the ambitious pinnacle of adoration, so that as an ornament to the day or to the place and to our remembrance of him he may prove that his presence has been added. (425 May 5).

CTh.15.4.1.1

Ludis quoque simulacra proposita tantum in animis concurrentum mentisque secretis nostrum numen et laudes vigere demonstrent; excedens cultura hominum dignitatem superno numini reservetur. dat. iii non.

At the games also, let the images set forth demonstrate only that our numen and praises thrive in the minds of those assembling and in the secrets of the mind; a cult exceeding the dignity of human beings is to be reserved for the supernal numen. dat. 3 non.

mai. theodosio a. xi et valentiniano caes. conss.

May. Theodosius, Aug., for the 11th time, and Valentinian, Caes., were consuls.

(425 mai. 5).

(425 May 5).

CTh.15.5.0. De spectaculis

CTh.15.5.0. On spectacles

CTh.15.5.1

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad probum praefectum praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, augusti, to probus, praetorian prefect.

magistratus et sacerdotiorum editiones, quae aut in civitatibus aut certe in his debent exigi, quas delegit antiquitas, non in potestate iudicum sint, qui plerumque, dum popularem plausum alienis spoliationibus aucupantur, ea, quae in competenti loco sollers diligentia praeparavit, ad alteram urbem transferri praecipiunt, sed in eorum arbitrio maneant, quorum expensis ac sumptibus procurandae sunt. dat. vii kal.

Let the editiones of magistrates and priesthoods (i.e., public shows/distributions), which ought to be exacted either in the cities or at least in those which antiquity has chosen, not be in the power of the judges, who for the most part, while they hunt for popular applause by the despoiling of others, order that those things which skillful diligence has prepared in the appropriate place be transferred to another city, but let them remain at the discretion of those at whose expenses and costs they must be provided. Given on the 7th day before the Kalends.

mai. treviris modesto et arinthaeo conss. (372 apr.

may. at trier with modestus and arintheus, consuls. (372
apr.

25).

CTh.15.5.2pr.

CTh.15.5.2preface.

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. rufino praefectum praetorio.

emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, augusti, to rufinus, praetorian prefect.

nullus omnino iudicum aut theatralibus ludis aut circensium certaminibus aut ferarum cursibus vacet nisi illis tantum diebus, quibus vel in lucem editi vel imperii sumus sceptra sortiti, hisque ut ante meridiem tantum sollemnitati pareant, post epulas vero ad spectaculum redire desistant. (386 [392-395] mai. 20).

let none whatsoever of the judges have leisure either for theatrical games or for contests of the circus or for hunts of wild beasts, unless only on those days on which we were brought into the light or have been allotted the scepters of empire; and on these days let them obey the solemnity only before midday, but after the banquet let them desist from returning to the spectacle. (386 [392-395] May 20).

CTh.15.5.2.1

In quo tamen omnes, sive iudices sive privati, nihil penitus auri praemio dandum esse cognoscent, quod solis licet consulibus, quibus erogandi moderationem vitae meritis permisimus. (386 [392-395] mai. 20).

In which, however, all, whether judges or private persons, shall understand that no gold at all is to be given as a reward, which is permitted to the consuls alone, to whom we have allowed the regulation of disbursement according to the merits of life. (386 [392-395] May 20).

CTh.15.5.2.2

Illud etiam praemonemus, ne quis in legem nostram, quam dudum tulimus, committat, nullum solis die populo spectaculum praebeat, nec divinam venerationem confecta sollemnitate confundat. dat. xiii kal.

We also forewarn this, that no one offend against our law, which we long ago enacted: let no one provide any spectacle to the people on the day of the Sun, nor confound divine veneration once the solemnity has been completed. Given on the 13th day before the Kalends.

iun. heracleae honorio nob. p. et evodio v. c. conss.

june, at heraclea, in the consulship of honorius, a most noble boy, and evodius, a most illustrious man, consuls.

(386 [392-395] mai. 20).

(386 [392-395] May 20).

CTh.15.5.3

Theodosian Code 15.5.3

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. nemo iudicum ex quacumque civitate in aliud oppidum vel ex provinciae solo equos curules aurigas cives temptet traducere, ne, dum popularibus plausibus intemperate serviunt, et publicarum rerum statum fatigent et festivitatem impediant in cunctis oppidis celebrandam, ita ut, si quis hanc violaverit iussionem, poena teneatur ea, quae legum violatores persequitur.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augustuses, to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. Let none of the judges, from whatever city, attempt to lead across into another town, or from the soil of the province,
chariot horses, charioteers, or citizens, lest, while they immoderately serve popular applauses, they both weary the state of public affairs
and impede the festivity to be celebrated in all towns, with the result that, if anyone shall have violated this order, he be held by that penalty which
pursues violators of the laws.

dat. viii id. aug. constantinopoli honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss.

given on august 6 at constantinople, under the consulship of the augusti honorius for the 8th time and theodosius for the 3rd.

(409 aug. 6).

(409 Aug. 6).

CTh.15.5.4

Codex Theodosianus 15.5.4

Imp. theodosius a. isidoro praefecto illyrici. delforum curiae facultates novis damnis frequenter adtritas relatio tui culminis intimavit.

Emperor Theodosius Augustus to Isidore, Prefect of Illyricum. The relation of your eminence has intimated that the faculties of the curia of the Delphians have been frequently attrited by new losses.

ideoque praeceptis ad universas illyrici civitates iudicesque transmissis notum omnibus faciat nullum penitus spectacula oportere sollemnia urbis aeternae populis exhibere, sed unumquemque civium intra propriam civitatem debere solitae devotionis officia, prout patrimonii sui vires patiuntur, implere, gravissimae poenae interminatione proposita non solum contra eos, qui huiusmodi functiones crediderint exigendas, sed etiam contra ordinarios ubique rectores. dat. x kal.

and therefore, with orders sent to all the cities and judges of Illyricum, let him make it known to all that no one whatsoever ought
to exhibit to the peoples the solemn spectacles of the Eternal City, but that each of the citizens within his own city ought to fulfill the duties of accustomed devotion, in so far as the resources of his patrimony allow, with the threat of a most severe penalty proposed not only against those who shall have believed that functions of this sort must be exacted, but also against the ordinary governors everywhere. Given on the 10th before the Kalends.

mai. constantinopoli victore v. c. cons. (424 apr.

May. at Constantinople, Victor, most illustrious man, consul. (424 apr.

22).

CTh.15.5.5

Codex Theodosianus 15.5.5

Idem a. et valentinianus caes. asclepiodoto praefecto praetorio. dominico, qui septimanae totius primus est dies, et natali adque epifaniorum christi, paschae etiam et quinquagesimae diebus, quamdiu caelestis lumen lavacri imitantia novam sancti baptismatis lucem vestimenta testantur, quo tempore et commemoratio apostolicae passionis totius christianitatis magistrae a cunctis iure celebratur, omni theatrorum adque circensium voluptate per universas urbes earundem populis denegata totae christianorum ac fidelium mentes dei cultibus occupentur.

The same Augustus and Valentinian Caesar, to Asclepiodotus, praetorian prefect. On the Lord’s Day, which is the first day of the whole week, and on the Nativity and the Epiphanies of Christ, and also on the days of Pasch and of the Fiftieth, as long as the garments imitating the light of the heavenly laver bear witness to the new light of holy baptism, at which time also the commemoration of the apostolic Passion, the teacher of all Christianity, is rightly celebrated by all, with every pleasure of the theaters and of the circuses denied throughout all the cities to their peoples, let the whole minds of Christians and of the faithful be occupied with the cults of God.

si qui etiamnunc vel iudaeae impietatis amentia vel stolidae paganitatis errore adque insania detinentur, aliud esse supplicationum noverint tempus, aliud voluptatum. ac ne quis existimet in honorem numinis nostri veluti maiore quadam imperialis officii necessitate compelli et, nisi divina religione contempta spectaculis operam praestat, subeundam forsitan sibi nostrae serenitatis offensam, si minus circa nos devotionis ostenderit quam solebat, nemo ambigat, quod tunc maxime mansuetudini nostrae ab humano genere defertur, cum virtutibus dei omnipotentis ac meritis universi obsequium orbis impenditur. dat.

if any even now are held by the madness of Jewish impiety or by the error and insanity of stolid paganitas, let them know that the time for supplications is one thing, the time for pleasures another. And lest anyone suppose that, in honor of our numen, he is compelled as by a certain greater necessity of imperial office, and that, unless, with divine religion scorned, he applies himself to spectacles, he must perhaps incur the offense of our Serenity if he shows less devotion toward us than he was wont, let no one doubt that then most especially a tribute is rendered to our mansuetude by the human race, when the obsequy of the whole orbis is devoted to the virtues of Almighty God and to His merits. Given.

kal. feb. constantinopoli theodosio a. xi et valentiniano caes.

on the kalends of february, at constantinople, in the consulship of theodosius augustus for the 11th time
and of valentinian caesar.

i conss. (425 febr. 1).

in the consulship. (425 feb. 1).

CTh.15.6.0. De maiuma

CTh.15.6.0. On the maiuma

CTh.15.6.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. caesario praefecto praetorio. clementiae nostrae placuit, ut maiumae provincialibus laetitia redderetur, ita tamen, ut servetur honestas et verecundia castis moribus perseveret.

The emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Caesarius, Praetorian Prefect. It has pleased our clemency that the Maiuma be restored to the provincials with joy, yet in such a way that decency be observed and modesty persevere with chaste morals.

dat. vii kal. mai.

given on the 7th day before the Kalends of May.

constantinopoli arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 apr. 25).

at constantinople, arcadius for the 4th time and honorius for the 3rd, emperors, consuls. (396 apr. 25).

CTh.15.6.2

Theodosian Code 15.6.2

Idem aa. aureliano praefecto praetorio. post alia: ludicras artes concedimus agitari, ne ex nimia harum restrictione tristitia generetur. illud vero quod sibi nomen procax licentia vindicavit, maiumam, foedum adque indecorum spectaculum, denegamus.

The same Emperors to Aurelianus, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: we permit the ludic arts to be pursued, lest from an excessive restriction of these a sadness be generated. That
indeed which wanton license has claimed as a name for itself—the Maiuma, a foul and indecorous spectacle—we refuse.

dat. vi non. octob.

Dated on the 6th day before the Nones of October (October 2).

constantinopoli theodoro v. c. cons. (399 oct. 2).

at constantinople, to theodore, most distinguished man, consul. (399 oct. 2).

CTh.15.7.0. De scaenicis

CTh.15.7.0. On stage-performers

CTh.15.7.1

Theodosian Code 15.7.1

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad viventium praefectum urbi.

the emperors valentinian, valens and gratian, augusti, to viventius, prefect of the city.

scaenici et scaenicae, qui in ultimo vitae ac necessitate cogente interitus inminentis ad dei summi sacramenta properarunt, si fortassis evaserint, nulla posthac in theatralis spectaculi conventione revocentur. ante omnia tamen diligenti observari ac tueri sanctione iubemus, ut vere et in extremo periculo constituti id pro salute poscentes, si tamen antistites probant, beneficii consequantur. quod ut fideliter fiat, statim eorum ad iudices, si in praesenti sunt, vel curatores urbium singularum desiderium perferatur, quod ut inspectoribus missis sedula exploratione quaeratur, an indulgeri his necessitas poscat extrema suffragia.

Scenic performers, male and female, who at the last of life and with necessity
compelling by reason of imminent death have hastened to the sacraments of the highest God, if perchance they have escaped, let them not thereafter be recalled to any
assembly of theatrical spectacle. Before all things, however, we command by a diligent sanction to be observed and guarded, that those truly and when placed in extreme peril, asking this for
salvation, if nevertheless the bishops approve, may obtain the benefit. In order that this may be done faithfully, let their desire at once be conveyed to the judges, if they are present,
or to the curators of the several cities, and let this, with inspectors sent, be sought by assiduous investigation, whether necessity demands that to these
the last suffrages be indulged.

dat. iii id. feb. treviris gratiano a. ii et probo v. c. conss.

given on february 11 at trier, when gratian, augustus, for the 2nd time, and probus, a most distinguished man, were consuls.

(371

[367] febr. 11).

[367] Febr. 11).

CTh.15.7.2

Theodosian Code 15.7.2

Idem aaa. ad iulianum proconsulem africae. ex scaenicis natas, si ita se gesserint, ut probabiles habeantur, tua sinceritas ab inquietantium fraude direptionibusque submoveat.

The same Augusti to Julianus, proconsul of Africa. Women born from stage-performers, if they conduct themselves in such a way that they are held as respectable, let Your Sincerity remove from the fraud and direptions of the troublemakers.

eas enim ad scaenam de scaenicis natas aequum est revocari, quas vulgarem vitam conversatione et moribus exercere et exercuisse constabit. dat. viii id. sept.

for it is equitable that those born from scaenic performers be recalled to the stage, those whom it shall be established are exercising and have exercised a vulgar life in conversation and morals. Given on Sept. 6.

mogontiaci gratiano a. ii et probo conss. (371 sept. 6).

at Mogontiacum, under Gratian, Augustus, for the 2nd time, and Probus, consuls. (371 Sept. 6).

CTh.15.7.3

Theodosian Code 15.7.3

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. ad hesperium proconsulem africae.

The Emperors Valens, Gratian, and Valentinian, the Augusti, to Hesperius, proconsul of Africa.

non invidemus, sed potius cohortamur amplectenda felicis populi studia, gymnici ut agonis spectacula reformentur. verumtamen cum primates viri populi studiis ac voluptatibus grati esse cupiant, promptius permittimus, ut integra sit voluptas, quae volentium celebretur impensis. dat.

We do not envy, but rather we encourage that the pursuits of the fortunate people be embraced,
so that the spectacles of the gymnic agon may be re-formed. Nevertheless, since the foremost men desire to be pleasing to the enthusiasms and pleasures of the people,
we more readily permit that the enjoyment be entire, which may be celebrated at the expenses of those willing. Given.

vi id. mart. treviris valente v et valentiniano aa. conss. (376 mart.

On March 10 at Trier, with Valens for the 5th time and
Valentinian, the Augusti, as consuls. (376, Mar.)

19).

CTh.15.7.4

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad paulinum praefectum urbi.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, augusti, to paulinus, prefect of the city.

mulieres, quae ex viliori sorte progenitae spectaculorum debentur obsequiis, si scaenica officia declinarint, ludicris ministeriis deputentur, quas necdum tamen consideratio sacratissimae religionis et christianae legis reverentia suae fidei mancipavit; eas enim, quas melior vivendi usus vinculo naturalis condicionis evolvit, retrahi vetamus. illas etiam feminas liberas a contubernio scaenici praeiudicii durare praecipimus, quae mansuetudinis nostrae beneficio expertes muneris turpioris esse meruerunt. dat.

Women who, born from a more base lot, are owed to the services of the spectacles, if they should decline scenic duties, are to be deputed to the ministries of the games, provided they are not yet those whom the regard of the most sacred religion and the reverence of the Christian law has mancipated to its faith; for those whom a better practice of living has unwound from the bond of natural condition, we forbid to be drawn back. We also direct that those women endure free from the companionship of scenic prejudice who, by the benefit of our clemency, have merited to be exempt from the more shameful office. Given.

viii kal. mai. mediolano gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss.

april 24, at milan, in the consulship of the emperors gratian for the 5th time and theodosius for the 1st time.

(380 apr. 24).

CTh.15.7.5

Theodosian Code 15.7.5

Idem aaa. ad paulinum praefectum urbi. quisquis thymelicam ex urbe venerabili inmemor honestatis abduxerit eandemque in longinqua transtulerit seu etiam intra domum propriam, ita ut voluptatibus publicis non serviat, retentarit, quinque librarum auri illatione multetur.

The same augusti to Paulinus, prefect of the city. Whoever, unmindful of propriety, shall have abducted a thymelic woman from the venerable city and transferred the same to distant places,
or even shall have detained her within his own house, in such a way that she does not serve the public entertainments, let him be fined by the imposition of five pounds of gold.

dat. v kal. mai.

dated 5 days before the Kalends of May (April 27).

mediolano gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss. (380 apr. 24).

at milan, gratian 5 and theodosius 1, emperors, consuls. (380 apr. 24).

CTh.15.7.6

Codex Theodosianus 15.7.6

Idem aaa. ad valerianum praefectum urbi. equos, quos ad sollemne certamen vel mansuetudinis nostrae largitio subministrat vel diversorum ex amplissimo ordine magistratuum, hactenus ad copiam providendos serenitas nostra decrevit, ut, quidquid illud est, quod palmarum numero gloriosum et celebratis utrimque victoriis nobile congregatur, spectaculis potius urbanae plebis inserviat quam praedae adque compendio deputetur.

The same Augusti to Valerianus, prefect of the city. The horses, which for the solemn contest either the largess of our Clemency supplies or
of the various magistrates from the most ample order, our Serenity has decreed are to be provided in abundance, so that, whatever that is which
is gathered, glorious by the number of palms and noble with victories celebrated on both sides, may rather serve the spectacles of the urban plebs than be assigned to booty
and to profit.

quisquis igitur ex eo, quod vel serenitas nostra vel ordinarii consules vel praetores in huiuscemodi tribuunt voluptates, quamlibet commodis compendioque privato derivandam duxerit esse iacturam, unius auri librae condemnatione multatus largitionibus nostris cogatur esse munificus. dat. viii kal.

Whoever, therefore, from that which either Our Serenity or the ordinary consuls or the praetors grant for pleasures of this kind, shall have held that any outlay is a loss to be diverted to private advantages and profit, punished with the sentence of one pound of gold, let him be compelled to be munificent to our largesses. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

mai. treviris eucherio et syagrio conss. (381 apr.

may. at trier, in the consulship of eucherius and syagrius. (381 apr.

[?] 24).

CTh.15.7.7

Theodosian Code 15.7.7

Idem aaa. ad valerianum praefectum urbi. eos qui agitandi munus exercent illustris auctoritas tua nullis praeter circense certamen adfici noverit oportere suppliciis.

The same Augusti to Valerianus, Prefect of the City. Those who exercise the office of driving, let Your Illustrious Authority know, ought to be subjected to no punishments except the Circus contest.

dat. viii id. mai. eucherio et syagrio conss.

dated May 8, in the consulship of Eucherius and Syagrius.

(381 mai. 8).

(381 May 8).

CTh.15.7.8

Theodosian Code 15.7.8

Idem aaa. ad valerianum praefectum urbi. scaenae mulier si vacationem religionis nomine postularit, obtentu quidem petitionis venia ei non desit, verum si post turpibus volutata complexibus et religionem quam expetierit prodidisse et gerere quod officio desierat animo tamen scaenica detegetur, retracta in pulpitum sine spe absolutionis ullius ibi eo usque permaneat, donec anus ridicula senectute deformis nec tunc quidem absolutione potiatur, cum aliud quam casta esse non possit.

the same augusti to valerianus, prefect of the city. if a woman of the stage should demand an exemption under the name of religion, let pardon not be lacking to her by the pretext of her petition; but if afterward, wallowing in shameful embraces, she is revealed both to have betrayed the religion which she had sought and, though she had ceased by office, still to be a stage-woman in mind, having been dragged back onto the stage, without hope of any absolution, let her remain there until, an old woman made ridiculous by deforming old age; nor even then let her obtain absolution, when she can be anything other than chaste.

dat. viii id. mai. aquileiae syagrio et eucherio conss.

given on the 8th day before the Ides of May, at Aquileia, Syagrius and Eucherius being consuls.

(381 mai. 8).

(381
May 8).

CTh.15.7.9

Theodosian Code 15.7.9

Idem aaa. herasio proconsuli africae. quaecumque ex huiusmodi faece progenitae scaenica officia declinarint, ludicris ministeriis deputentur, quas necdum tamen sanctissimae religionis et in perenne servandae christianae legis secretorum reverentia suae fidei vindicarit.

The same Augusti, to Herasius, proconsul of Africa. Whatever [women], sprung from dregs of this sort, have shunned scenic offices, let them be assigned to ludicrous ministries,
those whom, however, the reverence of the most holy religion and of the mysteries of the Christian law, to be preserved in perpetuity, has not yet claimed for its own faith.

illas etiam feminas liberatas contubernio scaenici praeiudicii durare praecipimus, quae mansuetudinis nostrae beneficio expertes muneris turpioris esse meruerunt. proposita karthagine v kal. septemb.

We also command that those women, freed from cohabitation with a stage-performer, continue under the prejudice of the stage, who by the benefit of our mildness have deserved to be exempt from the more shameful service. Published at Carthage, August 28.

syagrio et eucherio conss. (381 aug. 28).

syagrius and eucherius, consuls. (381 aug. 28).

CTh.15.7.10

Theodosian Code 15.7.10

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. fidicinam nulli liceat vel emere vel docere vel vendere vel conviviis aut spectaculis adhibere.

The same Emperors to Cynegius, praetorian prefect. Let it be permitted to no one either to buy or to teach or to sell a female lyre-player (fidicina), or to employ her at banquets or spectacles.

nec cuiquam ad delectationis desiderium erudita feminea musicae artis studio liceat habere mancipia. dat. viii kal.

nor let it be permitted to anyone, for the desire of delectation, to have slaves trained in the female practice of the musical art. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

iul. constantinopoli arcadio a. i et bautone v. c. conss. (385 iun.

jul. at constantinople, under arcadius,
augustus, for the 1st time, and bauto, a most distinguished man, consuls. (385 june

24).

CTh.15.7.11

Codex Theodosianus 15.7.11

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio.

emperors theodosius, arcadius and honorius, augusti, to rufinus, praetorian prefect.

nulla mima gemmis, nulla sigillatis sericis aut textis utatur auratis. his quoque vestibus noverint abstinendum, quas graeco nomine alethinocrustas vocant, in quibus alio admixtus colori puri rubor muricis inardescit. uti sane isdem scutlatis et variis coloribus sericis auroque sine gemmis collo brachiis cingulo non vetamus.

Let no mime-actress use gems, let none use sigillate silks or aurate woven fabrics. They should also know to abstain from those garments which by the Greek name they call “Alethinocrustae,” in which, with another color admixed, the pure redness of the murex flares. Yet we do not forbid the use of those same scutulate fabrics and silks of various colors and of gold, without gems, upon the neck, the arms, and the belt.

dat. xi kal. octob.

dated the 11th day before the Kalends of October.

constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 sept. 21).

at constantinople, in the consulship of theodosius, augustus, 3, and abundantius, consuls. (393 sept. 21).

CTh.15.7.12pr.

Idem aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio. si qua in publicis porticibus vel in his civitatum locis, in quibus nostrae solent imagines consecrari, pictura pantomimum veste humili et rugosis sinibus agitatorem aut vilem offerat histrionem, ilico revellatur, neque umquam posthac liceat in loco honesto inhonestas adnotare personas; in aditu vero circi vel in theatri proscaeniis ut collocentur, non vetamus.

The same, the Augusti, to Rufinus, Praetorian Prefect. If in public porticoes or in those places of the cities where our images are wont to be consecrated, any painting should present a pantomime in humble garb and with wrinkled folds, a charioteer, or a cheap actor, let it be torn down immediately, nor ever hereafter let it be permitted in an honorable place to mark/depict dishonorable persons; but that they be placed at the entrance of the circus or on the proscenia of the theater, we do not forbid.

(394 iun. 29).

(394 Jun. 29).

CTh.15.7.12.1

Theodosian Code 15.7.12.1

His illud adicimus, ut mimae et quae ludibrio corporis sui quaestum faciunt publice habitu earum virginum, quae deo dicatae sunt, non utantur, et ut nulla femina nec puer thymelici consortio inbuantur, si christianae religionis esse cognoscitur. dat. iii kal.

To these things we add this, that mimes and those who make gain publicly by the mockery of their own body should not use the habit of those virgins who are dedicated to God, and that no woman nor boy be initiated into the consortium of thymelic performers, if they are known to be of the Christian religion. Given 3 Kal.

iul. heracleae arcadio a. iii et honorio a. ii conss. (394 iun.

Jul. at Heraclea
arcadius augustus for the 3rd time and honorius augustus for the 2nd time, consuls. (394 Jun.

29).

CTh.15.7.13

Theodosian Code 15.7.13

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. diogeniano viro clarissimo tribuno voluptatum. mimas diversis adnotationibus liberatas ad proprium officium summa instantia revocari decernimus, ut voluptatibus populi ac festis diebus solitus ornatus deesse non possit.

the emperors honorius and theodosius, the augusti, to diogenianus, a most distinguished man, tribune of pleasures. we decree that the mime-actresses, released by various annotations, be recalled to their proper office with the utmost urgency, so that the customary adornment for the people’s pleasures and on festal days may not be lacking.

dat. vi id. feb. ravennae constantio v. c. cons.; acc.

given on February 8, at Ravenna, in the consulship of Constantius, a most distinguished man; received.

a tribuno voluptatum x kal. feb. karthagine post cons.

from the tribune of pleasures, on January 23, at Carthage, after the consulship.

honorii viiii et theodosii v aa. (413 febr. 8 (?).

of honorius 9 and of theodosius 5, augusti. (413 febr. 8 (?).

CTh.15.8.0. De lenonibus

CTh.15.8.0. On pimps

CTh.15.8.1

Imp. constantius a. ad severum praefectum urbi. si quis feminas, quae se dedicasse venerationi christianae legis sanctissimae dinoscuntur, ludibriis quibusdam subicere voluerit ac lupanaribus venditas faciat vile ministerium prostituti pudoris explere, nemo alter easdem coemendi habeat facultatem, nisi aut ii, qui ecclesiastici esse noscuntur aut christiani homines demonstrantur, competenti pretio persoluto.

The Emperor Constantius Augustus to Severus, Prefect of the City. If anyone should wish to subject to certain mockeries women who are known to have dedicated themselves to the veneration of the most holy Christian law,
and should make them, sold to brothels, fulfill the vile ministry of prostituted modesty, let no other have the faculty of buying the same,
unless either those who are known to be ecclesiastics or those who are shown to be Christian persons, once the appropriate price has been paid.

dat. iiii non. iul.

dated 4 days before the Nones of July.

hierapoli placido et romulo conss. (343 iul. 4).

at hierapolis, under placidus and romulus, consuls. (343 july 4).

CTh.15.8.2

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. florentio praefecto praetorio. lenones patres et dominos, qui suis filiis vel ancillis peccandi necessitatem imponunt, nec iure frui dominii nec tanti criminis patimur libertate gaudere.

emperors theodosius and valentinian, augusti, to florentius, praetorian prefect. panders who are fathers and masters, who impose upon their own sons or maidservants a necessity of sinning, we do not allow to enjoy the right of dominion nor to rejoice in impunity for so great a crime.

igitur tali placet eos indignatione subduci, ne potestatis iure frui valeant neve quid eis ita possit adquiri. sed ancillis filiabusque, si velint, conductisve pro paupertate personis, quas sors damnavit humilior, episcoporum liceat, iudicum etiam defensorumque implorato suffragio omni miseriarum necessitate absolvi, ita ut, si insistendum eis lenones esse crediderint vel peccandi ingerant necessitatem invitis, non amittant solum eam quam habuerant potestatem, sed proscripti poenae mancipentur exilii metallis addicendi publicis, quae minor poena est, quam si praecepto lenonis cogatur quispiam coitionis sordes ferre, quas nolit. dat.

Therefore it is our pleasure that, under such indignation, they be withdrawn, so that they may not be able to enjoy the right of power nor that anything can thus accrue to their benefit. But to the slave-girls and daughters, if they wish, and to persons hired out on account of poverty, whom a more humble lot has condemned, let it be permitted, with the support of the bishops implored—and of the judges and defenders as well—to be absolved from every necessity of miseries, such that, if the pimps should think they must press upon them or thrust upon the unwilling the necessity of sinning, they not only lose the power which they had, but, being proscribed, be handed over to the penalty of exile, to be consigned to the public mines, which is a lesser penalty than that someone be compelled by the command of a pimp to bear the filth of coition which they do not want. Given.

xi kal. mai. felice et tauro conss.

april 21, felix and taurus, consuls.

(428 apr. 21).

(428 Apr. 21).

CTh.15.9.0. De expensis ludorum

CTh.15.9.0. On the expenses of the games

CTh.15.9.1pr.

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. ad senatum.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to the senate.

nulli privatorum liceat holosericam vestem sub qualibet editione largiri. illud etiam constitutione solidamus, ut exceptis consulibus ordinariis nulli prorsus alteri auream sportulam, diptycha ex ebore dandi facultas sit. (384 iul.

let it be lawful for none of the private persons to bestow a holoseric garment under any distribution. we also solidify by constitution this: that, with the ordinary consuls excepted, absolutely no other person have the faculty of giving a golden sportula and diptychs of ivory.
(384 jul.

25).

CTh.15.9.1.1

Cum publica celebrantur officia, sit sportulis nummus argenteus, alia materia diptychis. nec maiorem argenteum nummum fas sit expendere, quam qui formari solet, cum argenti libra una in argenteos sexaginta dividitur; minorem dare volentibus non solum liberum, sed etiam honestum esse permittimus. dat.

When public ceremonies are celebrated, let there be for the sportulae a silver coin, and for diptychs a different material. Nor let it be lawful to expend a larger silver coin than the one that is wont to be formed, since a single pound of silver is divided into sixty silver coins; to those wishing to give a smaller one we permit it not only to be free but even honorable. Given.

viii kal. aug. heracleae richomere et clearcho conss.

8 days before the Kalends of August, at Heraclea, in the consulship of Richomer and Clearchus.

(384 iul. 25).

(384 July 25).

CTh.15.9.2

Theodosian Code 15.9.2

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. anthemio praefecto urbi. cunctos iudices admonemus, ut ludorum quidem, quibus moris est, intersint festivitati et oblectamentis favorem eliciant populorum, verum expensarum non excedant duorum solidorum librata impendia, nec inconsulta plausorum insania curialium vires, fortunas civium, principalium domus, possesorum opes, rei publicae robur evellant: exceptis alytarchis syriarchis agonothetis itemque asiarchis et ceteris, quorum nomen votiva festivitatis sollemnitas dedicavit.

Emperors honorius and theodosius, augusti, to anthemius, prefect of the city. We admonish all judges, that they should indeed attend the festivity of the games, as is the custom, and elicit the favor of the peoples for the entertainments, but let the balanced outlay of the expenses not exceed two solidi, nor
let the unadvised frenzy of applauders uproot the resources of the curials, the fortunes of the citizens, the houses of the principales, the wealth of the possessors, the strength of the commonwealth: except for the alytarchs, syriarchs, agonothetes, likewise the asiarchs and the others, whose name the votive solemnity of the festivity has dedicated.

dat. v kal. martias constantinopoli honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss.

Dated on the fifth day before the Kalends of March (February 25), at Constantinople, when Honorius for the 8th time and Theodosius for the 3rd, the Augusti, were consuls.

(409 febr. 25).

(409 Feb. 25).

CTh.15.10.0. De equis curulibus

CTh.15.10.0. On curule horses

CTh.15.10.1pr.

CTh.15.10.1 preface.

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad ampelium praefectum urbi.

the emperors valentinian, valens and gratian, augusti, to ampelius, prefect of the city.

palmatis adque hermogenis equis, quos in curulis certaminis sorte vel contentionis incertum vel annorum series vel diversa ratio debiles fecit, ex horreis fiscalibus alimoniam praeberi decrevimus, equos vero hispani sanguinis vendendi solitam factionariis copiam non negamus. (371 ian. 1).

to the palmate and Hermogenes-horses, whom the lot of the curule contest
(whether the uncertainty of contention, or the succession of years, or a different reason—it is uncertain) has made feeble, we have decreed that aliment be provided from the fiscal storehouses,
but we do not deny to the factionaries the customary supply for selling horses of Spanish blood. (371 Jan. 1).

CTh.15.10.1.1

Illud quoque sinceritas tua praecipiat observari, ne graecorum equorum nomina, qui hinc missi fuerint, commutentur. dat. kal.

Let Your Sincerity also direct this to be observed: that the names of the Greek horses that are sent from here not be changed. Given on the Kalends.

ian. gratiano a. ii et probo conss. (371 ian.

jan. under gratian augustus 2 and probus, consuls (371 jan.

1).

CTh.15.10.2

Theodosian Code 15.10.2

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad valerianum praefectum urbi.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, Augusti, to Valerian, Prefect of the City.

equos voluptatibus profuturos nequaquam campanorum populus adsequatur, quam si duo milia modiorum fabae per singulas factiones stabulorum in urbe venerabili necessaria antiqua et sollemni praebitione contulerint. dat. x kal.

let the populace of the campanians by no means obtain horses destined for pleasures, unless they shall have contributed, in the venerable city, by the ancient and solemn provision, two thousand modii of beans for each of the factions of the stables. given on the 10th day before the kalends.

mai. aquileiae syagrio et eucherio conss. (381 apr.

may. at aquileia syagrius and eucherius consuls. (381 apr.

22).

CTh.15.11.0. De venatione ferarum

CTh.15.11.0. On the venation of wild beasts

CTh.15.11.1

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. mauriano comiti domesticorum et vices agenti magistri militum. occidendorum leonum cunctis facimus potestatem, neque aliquando sinimus quemquam calumniam formidare, cum et salus nostrorum provincialium voluptati nostrae necessario praeponatur et haec ipsa propria voluptas intercludi minime videatur, quandoquidem occidendi feras, non venandi venundandique licentiam dederimus.

The emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Maurianus, Count of the Domestics and acting in the stead of the Master of Soldiers. We grant to all the power to kill lions, nor do we ever allow anyone to fear calumny, since both the safety of our provincials is necessarily to be preferred to our pleasure, and this very personal pleasure does not at all seem to be cut off, inasmuch as we have given license for killing wild beasts, not for hunting and vending.

occidendi igitur memoratas feras, et ducibus et officiis eorum conventis, cunctis licentia tribuatur. dat. xiii kal.

Therefore, for the killing of the aforementioned wild beasts, let license be granted to all, with the dukes and their offices convened. Given on the 13th day before the Kalends.

iun. constantio et constante vv. cc. conss. (414 mai.

June. In the consulship of Constantius and Constans, most illustrious men, consuls. (414 May.

20).

CTh.15.11.2

Theodosian Code 15.11.2

Idem aa. monaxio praefecto praetorio. praesidalis officii eufratensis deploratione comperimus eos, qui transductioni ferarum a duciano officio deputantur, pro septem vel octo diebus contra legationum formam tres vel quattuor menses in hieropolitanam urbem residentes post expensas tanti temporis etiam caveas exigere, quas nulla praeberi consuetudo permittit. ideoque praecipimus, bestias, quae ad comitatum ab omnibus limitum ducibus transmittuntur, non plus quam septem diebus intra singulas civitates retineri; scientibus ducibus et eorum officiis, si quid contra haec commissum fuerit, quinas se libras auri fisci viribus illaturos.

The same Augusti to Monaxius, Praetorian Prefect. By the lamentation of the praesidal office of Euphratensis we have learned that those who are deputed by the ducal
office to the transduction of wild beasts, instead of seven or eight days, contrary to the form of legations, are remaining three or four months in the Hieropolitan city,
and, after the expenditure of so much time, even demand cages, which no custom allows to be furnished. And therefore we order that the beasts which to the
court are transmitted by all the dukes of the frontiers be retained not more than seven days within each city; the dukes knowing,
and their offices, that if anything shall have been committed against these things, they will bring upon themselves five pounds of gold to the resources of the fisc.

dat. v kal. octob.

dated on September 27.

constantinopoli d. n. honorio a. xi et constantio ii v. c. conss. (417 sept. 27).

at Constantinople. in the consulship of our lord Honorius, Augustus, for the 11th time, and of Constantius 2, most distinguished man, consuls. (417 sept. 27).

CTh.15.12.0. De gladiatoribus

CTh.15.12.0. On gladiators

CTh.15.12.1

Imp. constantinus a. maximo praefecto praetorio. cruenta spectacula in otio civili et domestica quiete non placent.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Maximus, Praetorian Prefect. Bloody spectacles do not please in civil leisure and domestic quiet.

quapropter, qui omnino gladiatores esse prohibemus eos, qui forte delictorum causa hanc condicionem adque sententiam mereri consueverant, metallo magis facies inservire, ut sine sanguine suorum scelerum poenas agnoscant. proposita beryto kal. octob.

Wherefore, as we altogether forbid there to be gladiators, those who by chance on account of crimes were accustomed to deserve this condition and sentence you shall rather assign to serve in the mines, so that without blood they may acknowledge the penalties of their own crimes. Posted at Berytus on 1 October.

paulino et iuliano conss. (325 oct. 1).

Paulinus and Julianus, consuls. (325 oct. 1).

CTh.15.12.2

Theodosian Code 15.12.2

Imp. constantius a. et iulianus c. ad orfitum praefectum urbi. universi, qui in urbe roma gladiatorium munus impendunt, prohibitum esse cognoscant sollicitandi auctorando milites vel eos, qui palatina sunt praediti dignitate, sex auri librarum multa inminente, si quis contra temptaverit.

Emperor Constantius Augustus and Julian Caesar to Orfitus, Prefect of the City. Let all who in the city of Rome expend for a gladiatorial munus know that it is prohibited to solicit by hiring soldiers or those who are endowed with palatine dignity, with a fine of six pounds of gold impending, if anyone shall attempt the contrary.

sponte etiam ad munerarium adeuntes per officium sublimitatis tuae ad magistros equitum ac peditum aut eos, qui gubernant officia palatina, oneratos ferreis vinculis mitti conveniet, ut huius legis statuto palatii dignitas a gladiatorio detestando nomine vindicetur. dat. xvi kal.

It will also be fitting that those who of their own accord approach the munerarius be sent, through the office of Your Sublimity, to the Masters of Cavalry and Infantry or to those who govern the palatine offices, burdened with iron fetters, so that by the statute of this law the dignity of the palace may be vindicated from the detestable gladiatorial name. Given on the 16th day before the Kalends.

nov. constantio a. viiii et iuliano caes. ii conss.

November. Constantius Augustus for the 9th time and Julian Caesar for the 2nd time, consuls.

(357 oct. 17).

(357 Oct. 17).

CTh.15.12.3

Theodosian Code 15.12.3

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. ad populum. post alia: si quos e gladiatorio ludo ad servitia senatoria transisse constabit, eos in extremas solitudines amandari decernimus.

Emperors arcadius and honorius, Augusti, to the people. After other matters: if it is established that any have passed from the gladiatorial school into senatorial servitudes, we decree that they be remanded to the farthest solitudes.

dat. et proposita romae caesario et attico conss. (397 apr.

given and posted at rome, when caesarius and atticus were consuls. (397 apr.

7?).

CTh.15.13.0. De usu sellarum

CTh.15.13.0. On the use of chairs

CTh.15.13.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. claudio praefecto urbi. exceptis plebeis scaenicis et qui spectaculo sui praebuit populo materiam voluptatis et tabernariis, ceteris omnibus usum sellarum et sedendi ac conveniendi in publicum tribuimus facultatem.

Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Claudius, Prefect of the City. With the plebeian stage-players excepted, and those who, by a spectacle of themselves, have provided the people matter of pleasure, and the shopkeepers, we grant to all the rest the use of chairs and the faculty of sitting and convening in public.

dat. viii kal. ian.

dated the 8th day before the kalends of january.

constantinopoli arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 dec. 25).

at constantinople, in the consulship of arcadius 4 and honorius 3, augusti. (396 dec. 25).

CTh.15.14.0. De infirmandis his, quae sub tyrannis aut barbaris gesta sunt

CTh.15.14.0. On invalidating those things which were done under tyrants or barbarians

CTh.15.14.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad constantium praefectum praetorio. remotis licini tyranni constitutionibus et legibus omnes sciant veteris iuris et statutorum nostrorum observari debere sanctionem.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Constantius, Praetorian Prefect. With the constitutions and laws of the tyrant Licinius removed, let all know that the sanction of the ancient law and of our statutes ought to be observed.

proposita xvii kal. iun. crispo iii et constantino iii caess.

published on the 17th day before the kalends of june, in the consulship of crispus 3 and constantine 3, caesars.

conss. (324 mai. 16).

consuls. (324 May 16).

CTh.15.14.2

Idem a. ad universos provinciales. tyranni et iudicum eius gestis infirmatis nemo per calumniam velit quod sponte ipse fecit evertere nec quod legitime gestum est. dat.

The same Augustus to all provincials. With the acts of the tyrant and his judges invalidated, let no one by calumny wish to overturn what he himself did of his own accord, nor what has been legitimately done. Given.

prid. id. feb. paulino et iuliano conss.

the day before the ides of february, with paulinus and julianus as consuls.

(325 febr. 12).

(325 Feb. 12).

CTh.15.14.3

Theodosian Code 15.14.3

Idem a. antiocho praefecto vigilum. quae tyrannus contra ius rescripsit non valere praecipimus, legitimis eius rescriptis minime impugnandis. dat.

The same Augustus, to Antiochus, prefect of the watch. We order that whatever the tyrant rescripted contrary to law shall not be valid, while his lawful rescripts are by no means to be impugned. Given.

viii id. iul. romae constantino a. vii et constantio caes. conss.

on 8 july at rome, when constantine augustus for the 7th time and constantius caesar were consuls.

(326 iul. 8).

(326 July 8).

CTh.15.14.4

Idem a. ad senatum. super his, qui ex senatoribus ad navicularium munus a tyranno deiecti sunt ac restitui suis natalibus deprecantur, placuit vestrae sanctitati iudicium examenque mandare, ut vos eligatis, qui splendori vestro patrimonii viribus et honestate vivendi et natalium dignitate respondent. incongruum est enim tantae dignitatis arbitrium alteri potius quam vestris suffragiis sententiisque conmittere.

The same A. to the senate. concerning those who from the senators were cast down to the navicularian duty by the tyrant and beg to be restored to their own birth-status, it has pleased to entrust to your sanctity the judgment and the examination, that you choose those who answer to your splendor by the strengths of patrimony and by the honesty of living and by the dignity of birth. for it is incongruous to commit the decision of so great a dignity to another rather than to your suffrages and opinions to entrust.

eorum autem, quos ut dignos elegeritis, nomina praefectus urbis nobis insinuet, ut vestrum iudicium comprobemus. dat. id. iul.

but let the prefect of the city intimate to us the names of those whom you shall have chosen as worthy, so that we may approve your judgment. given on the ides of july.

constantino a. vii et constantio caes. conss. (326 iul.

in the consulship of Constantine Augustus for the 7th time and Constantius Caesar, consuls. (326 Jul.

15).

CTh.15.14.5

Codex Theodosianus 15.14.5

Imp. constantius a. et constans c. ad universos provinciales et populum. quae tyrannus vel eius iudices contra ius statuerunt, infirmari iubemus reddita possessione expulsis, ut qui vult ab initio agat.

Emperor Constantius Augustus and Constans Caesar to all provincials and the people. Whatever the tyrant or his judges decreed contrary to law, we order to be invalidated, with possession restored to those expelled, so that whoever wishes may bring an action from the beginning.

emancipationes autem et manumissiones et pacta sub eo facta et transactiones valere oportet. dat. iii non.

However, emancipations and manumissions and pacts made under him, and transactions, ought to be valid. Given on the 3rd before the Nones.

nov. mediolano constantio a. v et constante conss. (352 nov.

nov. at milan, under constantius a. 5 and constans, consuls. (352 nov.

3).

CTh.15.14.6

Theodosian Code 15.14.6

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. trifolio praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to trifolius, praetorian prefect

nullus sibi honorem audeat vindicare, quem tyrannica concessit audacia, sed ad pristinum statum damnata praesumptio revocetur. dat. x kal.

Let no one dare to vindicate to himself an honor which tyrannical audacity has granted, but let the presumption, once condemned, be recalled to its former state. Given on the 10th day before the Kalends.

octob. aquileiae theodosio a. ii et cynegio conss. (388 sept.

oct., at aquileia theodosius a. 2 and cynegius as consuls. (388 sept.

22).

CTh.15.14.7

Theodosian Code 15.14.7

Idem aaa. trifolio praefecto praetorio. omne iudicium, quod vafra mente conceptum iniuriam, non iura reddendo maximus infandissimus tyrannorum credidit promulgandum, damnabimus.

The same Augusti, to Trifolius, Praetorian Prefect. We will condemn every judgment which, conceived with a wily mind for injury and not for rendering rights, the greatest, most unspeakable of tyrants believed should be promulgated.

nullus igitur sibi lege eius, nullus iudicio blandiatur. dat. vi id. octob.

Therefore let no one flatter himself by his law; let no one by the judgment. Given on the 6th day before the Ides of October.

mediolano theodosio a. ii et cynegio conss. (388 oct. 10).

Milan
Theodosius Augustus 2 and Cynegius, consuls. (October 10, 388).

CTh.15.14.8

Idem aaa. constantiano praefecto praetorio galliarum. omnes, qui tyranni usurpatione provecti cuiuslibet acceperunt nomen illicitum dignitatis, codicillos adque epistulas et promere iubemus et reddere.

Likewise the same Augusti to Constantianus, praetorian prefect of the Gauls. All who, having been advanced by the usurpation of a tyrant, have received the illicit name of any dignity, we order to produce and to return their codicils and letters.

iuris quoque dictionem adque sententias, quas promere nequiverunt qui iudicum nomen habere non potuerunt, ex omnibus publicorum monumentorum scriniis iubemus auferri, ut abolita auctoritate gestorum nullus his iudicatis conetur inniti, quae et tempore et auctore delentur. exceptis his tantum negotiis adque in sui integra firmitate mansuris, quae conventionibus pactisque finita sunt, si dolo metuve caruerunt: his quoque pariter exceptis, quae donatio transtulit, emancipatio liberavit, contulit manumissio praemia meritae servitutis, quia in his omnibus voluisse sat iuris est. dat.

We likewise order that jurisdiction and sentences, which those who could not hold the name of judge were unable to bring forth, be removed from all the archives of the public records, so that, with the authority of the acts abolished, no one may attempt to lean upon these judgments, which are erased both in respect of time and of author.
With only those business matters excepted, and to remain in their own unimpaired firmness, which have been concluded by conventions and pacts, if they have been free from fraud or fear; with these also equally excepted: those which donation has transferred, emancipation has freed, and manumission has bestowed as rewards of merited servitude—because in all these it is enough in law to have willed. Given.

xviiii kal. feb. mediolano timasio et promoto vv. cc. conss.

19th day before the Kalends of February, at Milan, in the consulship of Timasius and Promotus, most illustrious men.

(389 ian. 14).

(389 jan. 14).

CTh.15.14.9

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. andromacho praefecto urbi. valeat omnis emancipatio tyrannicis facta temporibus; valeat a dominis concessa libertas; valeat celebrata et actis quibuslibet inserta donatio; valeat deficientium omne iudicium; valeat universa venditio; valeant sententiae iudicum privatorum - convelli enim iudicium non oportet - quos partium elegit adsensus et compromissi poena constituit; valeant conceptae sollemniter pactiones; valeant scripturae, quibus aut fides rerum aut ratio probatur aut debitum; valeant apud quemlibet habitae spontaneae professiones; valeat deposita super instituenda lite testatio valeat impetratio iuris communium liberorum; valeat procuratio scaevis mandata temporibus; datus tutor vel curator optineat firmitatem; valeat in sponsam perfecta largitio; doli ac vis et metus inchoata actio in tempus legitimum perseveret; bonorum admissa possessio et adfectus adeundae hereditatis obtineat et interdicti beneficium non amittat; valeat in integrum restitutionis petitum auxilium; valeat vindicatio....Identidem desiderata tribuatur; locatio et conductio inviolabilem obtineant firmitatem; interdicti beneficia tempora infausta non mutilent postulata inofficiosi actio et inmodicarum donationum rescissio petita servetur; beneficia transacta non titubent; sacramento terminata permaneant; pignoris adque fiduciae obligatio perseveret.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Andromachus, Prefect of the City. Let every emancipation done in tyrannical times be valid; let the liberty granted by masters be valid; let the donation celebrated and inserted in any records be valid; let every judgment of those who failed be valid; let every sale be valid; let the sentences of private judges be valid—for a judgment ought not to be torn apart—whom the assent of the parties chose and the penalty of the compromissum established; let pactions solemnly conceived be valid; let the writings be valid, by which either the faith of things or the reckoning or a debt is proven; let spontaneous professions made before anyone be valid; let the testimony lodged concerning the instituting of a suit be valid; let the obtaining of the right of common children be valid; let a procuration mandated in adverse times be valid; let a given tutor or curator hold firmness; let a completed largess to a fiancée be valid; let an action for fraud, and force, and fear, once begun, persist to the lawful time; let possession of goods admitted and the intent of entering upon an inheritance prevail, and let the benefit of an interdict not be lost; let the sought aid of restitution in integrum be valid; let vindication.... Again and again, what has been desired shall be granted; let lease and hire obtain inviolable firmness; let inauspicious times not mutilate the benefits of interdict; let the action of inofficiousness and the rescission of immoderate donations, once sought, be preserved; let settlements transacted not totter; let those ended by an oath remain; let the obligation of pledge and of fiducia persevere.

stent denique omnia, quae in placitum sunt deducta privatum, nisi aut circumscriptio subveniet aut vis aut terror ostenditur. funestorum tantum consulum nomina iubemus aboleri, ita ut his reverentia in lectione recitantium tribuatur, qui tunc in oriente annuos magistratus victuris perpetuo sunt fascibus auspicati; tempus vero ipsum, ac si non fuerit, aestimetur, si quidem tunc temporis omissa aliqua praescriptio taciturnitatis etiam de illis, quae confirmavimus, non possit obponi. dat.

let, finally, all things stand that have been brought into a private pact, unless either circumvention should bring relief or violence or terror is shown. we order that only the names of the ill-omened consuls be abolished, such that reverence in the reading by reciters be granted to those who then in the east inaugurated the annual magistracies with fasces destined to endure perpetually; but the time itself is to be reckoned as if it had not been, since indeed a prescription of silence then omitted cannot be opposed even concerning those things that we have confirmed. given.

xi kal. mai. mediolano olybrio et probino conss.

11th day before the Kalends of May, at Milan
under the consuls Olybrius and Probinus.

(395 apr. 21).

CTh.15.14.10

Theodosian Code 15.14.10

Idem aa. eulogio comiti rerum privatarum. qui tyranni maximi secuti iussionem fundos perpetui iuris non ab ordinariis iudicibus, sed a rationalibus acceperunt, eorum amissione plectantur adque ad rem privatam denuo revertantur. dat.

The same Emperors to Eulogius, Count of the Private Property. Those who, having followed the command of the tyrant Maximus, received estates of perpetual right not from the ordinary judges, but from the rationales (financial officers),
shall be punished by the loss of them, and let them revert anew to the Private Property. Given.

vi kal. mai. mediolano olybrio et probino conss.

26 April, at Milan,
Olybrius and Probinus, consuls.

(395 apr. 26).

(395 April 26).

CTh.15.14.11

Theodosian Code 15.14.11

Idem aa. andromacho praefecto urbi. fas est sequi nos paternae dispositionis arbitrium adque ideo universos cuiuslibet ordinis viros, de quibus lex nostra reticuerat, ad veniam volumus pertinere et beneficia inopinantibus ultro deferimus, sancientes hac lege, ne is, qui tyranni tempore militavit vel etiam qualibet administratione donatus est aut honoraria dignitate perfunctus vel quicumque in aliquo honore diversis locis aut exactionibus praefuerunt, notam infamiae sustineant, aut deformi vocabulo polluantur. quibus eas tantum dignitates valere decernimus, quas ante tyrannicum tempus habuerunt.

the same emperors to andromachus, prefect of the city. it is right to follow the judgment of our paternal disposition, and therefore we wish all men of whatever order, about
whom our law had been silent, to pertain to pardon, and we confer benefits unasked upon the unexpecting, sanctioning by this law that he who
served in the time of the tyrant or was even endowed with any administration or has discharged an honorary dignity, or whoever in some
honor in various places or over exactions have presided, should not bear the mark of infamy, or be polluted by a disgraceful appellation. for whom we decree only those
dignities to be valid which they had before the tyrannical time.

dat. xv kal. iun.

Dated 15 days before the Kalends of June.

mediolano olybrio et probino conss. (395 mai. 18).

at milan, olybrius and probinus, consuls. (395 May 18).

CTh.15.14.12

Idem aa. eusebio praefecto praetorio. his, quos tyrannici temporis labes specie dignitatis infecerat, inustae maculae omnem abolemus infamiam. cunctis igitur statum priorem sine cuiusquam loci aut ordinis exceptione tribuimus, ut utantur omnes iure communi, teneant statum veteris dignitatis, ita ut nihil sibi ex his quos adepti fuerant honoribus blandiantur.

The same Augusti to Eusebius, Praetorian Prefect. For those whom the taint of a tyrannical time had infected under the appearance of dignity, we abolish all infamy of the branded stain. Therefore we grant to all their prior status without exception of any place or order, so that all may use the common right and hold the status of their former dignity, with this provision: that they do not flatter themselves with anything from those honors which they had acquired.

dat. xv kal. iul.

dated 15 days before the Kalends of July (June 17).

mediolano olybrio et probino conss. (395 iun. 17).

at milan olybrius and probinus
consuls. (395 june 17).

CTh.15.14.13

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. hadriano praefecto praetorio. heracliani vocabulum nec privatim nec publice ulla memoria teneat, ideoque submovenda esse censemus, quaecumque sub eo gesta esse dicuntur.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Hadrianus, Praetorian Prefect. Let no memory hold the name of Heraclianus either privately or publicly, and therefore we judge that whatever things are said to have been transacted under him must be removed.

libertates quoque, quoniam certum est scelere eius sollemnitatem consulatus esse pollutam, in melius revocamus, sciatque dominorum voluntas iterandum esse, quod illo auctore advertit stare non posse; semel tamen mutatae condicionis beneficium implendum esse praecipimus et ita repeti manumissionum consuetudines nunc iubemus, ut nullus sub hac occasione incipiat nolle quod voluit. dat. iii non.

We also recall the liberties into a better state, since it is certain that by his crime the solemnity of the consulship was polluted, and let it be known that the will of the masters must be done again, that which, with that man as author, has observed that it cannot stand; yet we direct that the benefit of a once-changed condition be fulfilled, and we now order the consuetudes of manumissions to be repeated in such a way that no one under this occasion begins to be unwilling as to what he willed. Given on the 3 day before the Nones.

aug. ravennae post cons. honorii viiii et theodosii v. aa. (413 aug.

aug. at ravenna after the consulship of honorius 9 and of theodosius 5, the augusti.
(413 aug.

3).

CTh.15.14.14 [=brev.15.3.1]

Theodosian Code 15.14.14 [=Breviary 15.3.1]

Impp. honor. et theodos.

Emperors Honorius and Theodosius.

aa. constantio comiti et patricio. sub clade barbaricae depopulationis, si qua aut per fugam aut per congregationem infelicium populorum indigne invidioseque commissa sunt, ad invidiam placatarum legum a callidis litigatorum obiectionibus non vocentur. habeant omnium criminum impunitatem, qui evadendi forsitan non habuerant facultatem, nisi eos eadem crimina iuvissent; non enim crimen dicitur, quod mortis adegit impulsus.

The Augusti, to Constantius, count and patrician.
Under the disaster of barbarian depopulation, if any things were committed unworthily and invidiously either through flight or through the congregation of unhappy peoples, let them not be called, by the objections of crafty litigants, into the odium of placated laws.
Let those have impunity of all crimes who perhaps would not have had the means of escaping, unless the same crimes had helped them;
for that is not called a crime which the impulse of death has compelled.

ex quo animadvertere cunctos litigatores congruum est, si quid depraedationis agnoverint, se recepturos, si tamen, in eorum, quos pulsaverint, facultatibus abundare aut residere id, potuerint comprobare. dat. kal.

whence it is fitting that all litigants observe, if they have recognized any depredation, that they will recover it, provided, however, that they can
prove that it abounds in or remains within the resources of those whom they have sued. Given on the Kalends.

mart. ravenna, d.N. theodos. a. vii.

march. ravenna, of our Lord theodosius, year 7.

et palladio v. c. coss.

and with Palladius, a most distinguished man, consuls.

interpretatio. quicumque* hostium terrore compulsus, dum mortem timet excipere, ad depraedandum se cum hostibus fortasse coniunxerit, non propter hoc vocetur ad crimen, quod pro conservanda vita fecit invitus. sane si quid apud eum de praeda resederit et residuum invenitur, quod evidenter agnoscitur, hoc solum reddere domino sine calumnia compellatur

interpretation. whoever*, compelled by the terror of enemies, while he fears to undergo death, perhaps has joined himself with the enemies for depredation, let him not on this account be summoned to a criminal charge, since he did it unwillingly for the preservation of his life. indeed, if anything of the booty has remained with him and the residue is found, which is evidently recognized, let him be compelled to return this alone to the owner without calumny

CTh.15.15.0. Quod armorum usus interdictus est

CTh.15.15.0. That the use of arms is interdicted

CTh.15.15.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad buleforum consularem campaniae. nulli prorsus nobis insciis adque inconsultis quorumlibet armorum movendorum copia tribuatur.

the emperors valentinian and valens, augusti, to buleforus, consular of campania. let leave for the moving of any arms
be granted to no one at all without our knowledge and consultation.

dat. iii non. octob.

Given on the 3rd day before the Nones of October.

altino divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 oct. 5).

at altinum, in the consulship of the deified jovian and varronianus. (364 oct. 5).