Annales Regni Francorum: (ANNALES LAURISSENSES MAIORES)

[742] DCCXLII. Quando Carlomannus et Pippinus maiores domus duxerunt exercitum contra Hunaldum ducem Aquitaniorum et ceperunt castrum, quod vocatur Luccas; et in ipso itinere diviserunt regnum Francorum inter se in loco, qui dicitur Vetus-Pictavis. Eodemque anno Carlomannus Alamanniam vastavit.

[742] 742. When Carloman and Pippin, mayors of the palace, led an army against Hunald, duke of the Aquitanians, and took a fortress called Luccas; and on that very march they divided the kingdom of the Franks between themselves at a place called Vetus-Pictavis. And in the same year Carloman laid waste Alemannia.

[743] DCCXLIII. Tunc Carlomannus et Pippinus contra Odilonem ducem Baiovariorum inierunt pugnam, et Carlomannus per se in Saxoniam ambulabat in eodem anno et coepit castrum, quod dicitur Hoohseoburg, per placitum et Theodericum Saxonem placitando conquisivit.

[743] 743. Then Carloman and Pippin engaged in battle against Odilo, duke of the Bavarians, and Carloman by himself marched into Saxony in the same year and took the fortress called Hoohseoburg by a settlement, and he won over Theoderic the Saxon by negotiating.

[744] DCCXLIIII. Iterum Carlomannus et Pippinus perrexerunt in Saxoniam, et captus est Theodericus Saxo alia vice.

[744] 744. Again Carloman and Pippin proceeded into Saxony, and Theoderic the Saxon was captured another time.

[745] DCCXLV. Tunc Carlomannus confessus est Pippino germano suo, quod voluisset seculum relinquere; et in eodem anno nullum fecerunt exercitum, sed praeparaverunt se uterque, Carlomannus ad iter suum et Pippinus, quomodo germanum suum honorifice direxisset cum muneribus.

[745] 745. Then Carloman confessed to his brother Pippin that he had wished to relinquish the world; and in the same year they made no campaign, but each prepared himself—Carloman for his journey, and Pippin for how he would send off his brother honorably with gifts.

[746] DCCXLVI. Tunc Carlomannus Romam perrexit ibique se totondit et in Serapte monte monasterium aedificavit in honore sancti Silvestri. Ibique aliquod tempus moram faciens et inde ad sanctum Benedictum in Casinum usque pervenit et ibi monachus effectus est.

[746] 746. Then Carloman went to Rome, and there he had himself tonsured, and on Mount Serapte he built a monastery in honor of Saint Silvester. There also, making a stay for some time, and thence he came to Saint Benedict at Cassinum, and there he was made a monk.

[747] DCCXLVII. Grifo fugivit in Saxoniam, et Pippinus iter faciens per Toringam in Saxoniam introivit usque ad fluvium Missaha in loco, qui dicitur Scahaningi; et Grifo collectam fecit una cum Saxonibus supra fluvium Obacro in loco, qui dicitur Orhaim.

[747] 747. Grifo fled into Saxony, and Pippin, marching, went through Thuringia and entered Saxony as far as the river Missaha, at the place called Scahaningi; and Grifo made a muster together with the Saxons above the river Obacro, at the place called Orhaim.

[748] DCCXLVIII. Grifo de Saxonia iter peragens fugiendo in Baioariam usque pervenit, ipsum ducatum sibi subiugavit, Hiltrudem cum Tassilone conquisivit. Swidger ad eum venit insolatio supradicti Grifonis.

[748] 748. Grifo, from Saxony, making a journey in flight, came as far as Bavaria; he subjugated that duchy to himself, and he took Hiltrud together with Tassilo. Swidger came to him for the consolation of the aforesaid Grifo.

Haec audiens Pippinus iter illuc arripiens cum exercitu suo, supra nominatos totos sibi subiugavit, Grifonem secum adduxit, Lantfridum similiter, Tassilonem in ducatu Baioariorum conlocavit per suum beneficium ; Grifonem vero partibus Niustriae misit et dedit ei XII comitatos. Inde iterum Grifo fugiens Wasconiam petiit et ad Waifarium ducem Aquitaniorum pervenit.

Hearing these things, Pippin, taking the road thither with his army, subjugated all the above-named to himself, brought Grifo with him, likewise Lantfrid, set up Tassilo in the duchy of the Bavarians by his benefice ; but Grifo he sent into the parts of Neustria and gave him 12 counties. Thence again Grifo, fleeing, sought Wasconia and came to Waiofar, duke of the Aquitanians.

[749] DCCXLVIIII. Burghardus Wirzeburgensis episcopus et Folradus capellanus missi fuerunt ad Zachariam papam, interrogando de regibus in Francia, qui illis temporibus non habentes regalem potestatem, si bene fuisset an non. Et Zacharias papa mandavit Pippino, ut melius esset illum regem vocari, qui potestatem haberet, quam illum, qui sine regali potestate manebat; ut non conturbaretur ordo, per auctoritatem apostolicam iussit Pippinum regem fieri.

[749] 749. Burghard, bishop of Würzburg, and Folrad, chaplain, were sent to Pope Zacharias, asking concerning the kings in Francia, who at that time did not have regal power, whether this was good or not. And Pope Zacharias instructed Pippin that it would be better that he be called king who had power than he who remained without regal power; so that order might not be disturbed, by apostolic authority he ordered that Pippin be made king.

[750] DCCL. Pippinus secundum morem Francorum electus est ad regem et unctus per manum sanctae memoriae Bonefacii archiepiscopi et elevatus a Francis in regno in Suessionis civitate. Hildericus vero, qui false rex vocabatur, tonsoratus est et in monasterium missus.

[750] 750. Pepin, according to the custom of the Franks, was elected as king and anointed by the hand of Boniface, of holy memory, archbishop, and was elevated by the Franks to the kingship in the city of Soissons. Childeric, however, who was falsely called king, was tonsured and sent into a monastery.

[753] DCCLIII. Pippinus rex in Saxonia iter fecit, et Hildegarius episcopus occisus est a Saxonibus in castro, quod dicitur Iuberg; et tamen Pippinus rex victor extitit et pervenit usque ad locum, qui dicitur Rimie. Et dum reversus est de ipso itinere, nuntiatum est ei, quod Grifo, qui in Wasconiam fugitus est, germanus eius, occisus fuisset.

[753] 753. King Pippin made a campaign in Saxony, and Bishop Hildegarius was slain by the Saxons in the fortress which is called Iuberg; and yet King Pippin proved victor and came as far as the place which is called Rimie. And when he was returning from that expedition, it was reported to him that Grifo, his brother, who had fled into Wasconia, had been slain.

Eodemque anno Stephanus papa venit in Franciam, adiutorium et solatium quaerendo pro iustitiis sancti Petri; similiter et Carlomannus, monachus et germanus supradicti Pippini regis, per iussionem abbatis sui in Franciam venit, quasi ad conturbandam petitionem apostolicam.

And in the same year Pope Stephen came into France, seeking aid and solace for the rights of Saint Peter; likewise Carloman, a monk and brother of the aforesaid King Pippin, came into France by the order of his abbot, as if to confound the apostolic petition.

[754] DCCLIIII. Supradictus apostolicus Stephanus confirmavit Pippinum unctione sancta in regem et cum eo inunxit duos filios eius, domnum Carolum et Carlomannum, in regibus. Et domnus Bonefacius archiepiscopus in Frisiae nuntians verbum Domini et praedicando martyr Christi effectus est.

[754] 754. The above-mentioned apostolic Stephen confirmed Pippin by holy unction as king, and with him anointed his two sons, lord Charles and Carloman, as kings. And lord Boniface the archbishop, announcing the word of the Lord in Frisia and by preaching, became a martyr of Christ.

[755] DCCLV. Pippinus rex per apostolicam invitationem in Italiam iter peragens, iustitiam beati Petri apostoli quaerendo, Haistolfus Langobardorum rex supradictam iustitiam vetando clusas Langobardorum petiit, obviam Pippino regi et Francis venit. Et inierunt bellum, et Domino auxiliante beatoque Petro apostolo intercedente Pippinus rex cum Francis victor extitit.

[755] 755. King Pippin, at the apostolic invitation, making a journey into Italy, seeking the justice of the blessed apostle Peter, Aistulf, king of the Langobards, by forbidding the aforesaid justice, made for the Langobard passes, and came to meet King Pippin and the Franks. And they joined battle, and, with the Lord helping and the blessed apostle Peter interceding, King Pippin with the Franks proved victorious.

Eodemque anno Stephanus papa reductus est ad sanctam sedem per missos domni regis Pippini, Folradum et reliquis, qui cum eo erant. Incluso vero Haistulfo rege in Papia civitate, iustitiam sancti Petri pollicitus est faciendi; unde rex Pippinus obsides XL receptos et cum sacramenta firmata *reversus est in Franciam.

And in the same year Pope Stephen was brought back to the Holy See through the envoys of the lord King Pippin, Folrad and the others who were with him. With King Haistulf shut up in the city of Pavia, he promised to do the justice of Saint Peter; whence King Pippin, having received 40 hostages and with the oaths confirmed, *returned into Francia.

Carlomannus autem monachus Vienna civitate remansit una cum Bertradane reginae infirmus, languebat dies multos et obiit in pace.

Carloman, however, the monk, remained in the city of Vienne together with Queen Bertrada, ill; he languished for many days and died in peace.

[756] DCCLVI. Dum prospexisset Pippinus rex, ab Haistulfo Langobardorum rege ea non esse vera, quod antea promiserat de iustitiis sancti Petri, iterum iter peragens in Italiam Papiam obsedit, Haistulfum inclusit, magis magisque de iustitiis sancti Petri confirmavit, ut stabiles permanerent, quod antea promiserat; et insuper Ravennam cum Pentapolim et omni Exarcatu conquisivit et sancto Petro tradidit.

[756] 756. When King Pippin had perceived that, from Haistulf, king of the Lombards, those things were not true which he had previously promised concerning the rights of Saint Peter, again making a journey into Italy he besieged Pavia, shut in Haistulf, and more and more confirmed the rights of Saint Peter, that they should remain stable, which he had earlier promised; and moreover he conquered Ravenna with the Pentapolis and the whole Exarchate and handed them over to Saint Peter.

Et dum reversus est Pippinus rex, cupiebat supradictus Haistulfus nefandus rex mentiri, quae antea pollicitus fuerat, obsides dulgere, sacramenta inrumpere. Quodam die venationem fecit et percussus est Dei iudicio, vitam finivit. Et quomodo et qualiter missus est Desiderius rex in regno, postea dicamus.

And when King Pippin had returned, the aforesaid Haistulfus, the nefarious king, desired to lie about what he had previously promised, to withhold the hostages, to break the sacramenta (oaths). One day he went hunting, and, struck by the judgment of God, he ended his life. And how and in what manner King Desiderius was installed in the kingdom, we shall tell afterward.

[757] DCCLVII. Misit Constantinus imperator regi Pippino cum aliis donis organum, qui in Franciam usque pervenit. Et rex Pippinus tenuit placitum suum in Compendio cum Francis; ibique Tassilo venit, dux Baioariorum, in vasatico se commendans per manus, sacramenta iuravit multa et innumerabilia, reliquias sanctorum manus inponens, et fidelitatem promisit regi Pippino et supradictis filiis eius, domno Carolo et Carlomanno, sicut vassus recta mente et firma devotione per iustitiam, sicut vassus dominos suos esse deberet.

[757] 757. Emperor Constantine sent to King Pippin, along with other gifts, an organ, which reached even as far as Francia. And King Pippin held his placitum at Compendium with the Franks; and there Tassilo came, duke of the Bavarians, commending himself into vassalage by the hands, he swore many and innumerable oaths, placing his hands upon the relics of the saints, and he promised fealty to King Pippin and to his aforesaid sons, lord Charles and Carloman, as a vassal with upright mind and firm devotion, in accordance with justice, as a vassal ought to be toward his lords.

Sic confirmavit supradictus Tassilo supra corpus sancti Dionisii, Rustici et Eleutherii necnon et sancti Germani seu sancti Martini, ut omnibus diebus vitae eius sic conservaret, sicut sacramentis promiserat; sic et eius homines maiores natu, qui erant cum eo, firmaverunt, sicut dictum est, in locis superius nominatis quam et in aliis multis.

Thus the aforesaid Tassilo confirmed upon the body of Saint Dionysius, Rusticus, and Eleutherius, and likewise of Saint Germanus or Saint Martin, that he would thus keep it for all the days of his life, as he had promised by oaths; so too his men, elders by birth, who were with him, ratified it, as has been said, in the places named above as well as in many others.

[758] DCCLVIII. Pippinus rex in Saxoniam ibat, et firmitates Saxonum per virtutem introivit in loco, qui dicitur Sitnia, et multae strages factae sunt in populo Saxonum; et tunc polliciti sunt contra Pippinum omnes voluntates eius faciendum et honores in placito suo praesentandum usque in equos CCC per singulos annos. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

[758] 758. King Pippin was going into Saxony, and he entered by force the fortifications of the Saxons in the place which is called Sitnia, and many slaughters were made among the people of the Saxons; and then they promised to Pippin to fulfill all his wishes and to present honors in his placitum, up to 300 horses each year. And the number of the years changed into

[759] DCCLVIIII. Natus est Pippino regi filius, cui supradictus rex nomen suum inposuit, ut Pippinus vocaretur sicut et pater eius; qui vixit annos duos et in tertio defunctus est.

[759] 759. A son was born to King Pippin, upon whom the aforesaid king conferred his own name, that he should be called Pippin just as his father; he lived two years and in the third he died.

Eodem anno celebravit natalem Domini in Longlare et pascha in Iopila. Et mutavit se numerus annorum in

In the same year he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in Longlare and Easter in Iopila. And the number of years changed into

[760] DCCLX. Tunc Pippinus rex, cernens Waifarium ducem Aquitaniorum minime consentire iustitias ecclesiarum partibus, quae erant in Francia, consilium fecit cum Francis, ut iter ageret supradictas iustitias quaerendo in Aquitania.

[760] 760. Then King Pippin, seeing Waifar, duke of the Aquitanians, by no means consent to the justices of the churches’ portions which were in Francia, took counsel with the Franks to make a campaign into Aquitaine, seeking the aforesaid justices.

Et pervenit usque in locum, qui dicitur Tedoad. Et cum haec vidisset Waifarius, misit missos suos, Otbertum et Dadinum, et dedit obsides Adalgarium et Eitherium regi Pippino, ut omnia redderet, quicquid supradictus rex quaerebat in causis ecclesiasticis.

And he came as far as the place which is called Tedoad. And when Waifarius had seen these things, he sent his envoys, Otbert and Dadinus, and gave as hostages Adalgarius and Eitherius to King Pippin, that he would restore everything, whatever the aforesaid king was seeking in ecclesiastical causes.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in Carisiaco et pascha. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord at Carisiacum and Easter. And the number of the years changed into

[761] DCCLXI. Waifarius dux Aquitaniorum, minime cogitans de obsidibus vel de sacramentis suis, quasi in vindictam supra Pippinum regem exercitum misit, qui ad Cavalonum civitatem venerunt. Dum et supranominatus rex synodum suum teneret in villa, quae dicitur Dura, nuntiatum est ei, quod Waifarius in omnibus mentitus est; iterum rex Pippinus illuc cum exercitu iter peragens et eius filius primogenitus nomine Carolus cum eo, et multa castella coepit, quorum nomina sunt Burbonnis, Cantela, Clarmontis.

[761] 761. Waifarius, duke of the Aquitanians, thinking not at all about his hostages or his oaths, as if in vengeance sent an army against King Pippin, which came to the city of Cavalonum. While the aforesaid king was holding his synod in the villa which is called Dura, it was announced to him that Waifarius had lied in all things; again King Pippin made a march there with the army, and his firstborn son named Charles with him, and he captured many forts, whose names are Burbonnis, Cantela, Clarmontis.

Istas per pugnam coepit et in Alverno alia multa castella coepit per placitum, quae se subdiderunt in eius dominio, et pervenit usque Lemovicas, vastando et desertando supradictam provintiam propter neglegentias Waifarii ducis.

These he took by battle, and in Auvergne he took many other castles by placitum, which submitted themselves into his dominion, and he came as far as Limoges, ravaging and desolating the aforesaid province on account of the negligences of Duke Waifarius.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in Carisiaco villa et pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord at the villa of Carisiacum, and likewise Easter. And the number of the years changed into

[762] DCCLXII. Tertio in Aquitania Pippinus rex iter faciens et coepit civitatem Bituricam et castrum, quod dicitur Toarcis.

[762] 762. A third time in Aquitaine, King Pippin, making a journey, took the city of Bourges and the castle which is called Thouars.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in Gentiliaco villa et pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord at the villa of Gentiliacum, and likewise Easter. And the number of the years changed itself in

[763] DCCLXIII. Pippinus rex habuit placitum suum in Nivernis et quartum iter faciens in Aquitaniam. Ibique Tassilo dux Baioariorum postposuit sacramenta et omnia, quae promiserat, et per malum ingenium se inde seduxit, omnia benefacta, quae Pippinus rex avunculus eius ei fecit, postposuit; per ingenia fraudulenta se subtrahendo Baioariam petiit et nusquam amplius faciem supradicti regis videre voluit.

[763] 763. Pippin the king held his assembly at Nevers and, making a fourth expedition into Aquitaine. And there Tassilo, duke of the Bavarians, set aside the oaths and everything that he had promised, and by evil ingenuity withdrew himself from there; he set aside all the benefactions which Pippin the king, his maternal uncle, had done for him; by fraudulent stratagems withdrawing himself he made for Bavaria, and nowhere any longer did he wish to see the face of the aforesaid king.

Rex Pippinus iter peragendo per Aquitaniam usque ad Cadurciam pervenit Aquitaniam vastando et revertendo per Lemovicas in Franciam reversus est. Et facta est hiems valida.

King Pippin, prosecuting his march through Aquitaine, reached as far as Cahors, devastating Aquitaine; and, returning through Limoges, he came back into France. And a severe winter set in.

Et tenuit rex Pippinus natalem Domini in villa, quae dicitur Longlar, et pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And King Pippinus held the Nativity of the Lord in the villa which is called Longlar, and likewise Easter. And the number of years changed in

[764] DCCLXIIII. Tunc rex Pippinus habuit placitum suum ad Wormatiam et nullum iter aliud fecit, nisi in Francia resedit, causam pertractabat inter Waifarium et Tassilonem.

[764] 764. Then King Pippin held his court at Worms and made no other journey, but remained in Francia, handling the case between Waiofar and Tassilo.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in Carisiaco villa et pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord at the villa of Carisiacum, and likewise Easter. And the number of the years changed into

[765] DCCLXV. Tunc Pippinus rex placitum suum habuit ad Attiniacum et nullum fecit aliud iter.

[765] 765. Then King Pippin held his placitum at Attigny and made no other journey.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in Aquis villa et pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the villa at Aquae, and Pasch likewise. And the number of years changed into

[766] DCCLXVI. Tunc Pippinus rex perrexit iter faciens in Aquitaniam; et placitum suum habuit in Aurelianis civitate et restauravit Argentomo castro, quod antea Waifarius destruxit. Supradictus Pippinus rex castrum nominatum reaedificavit, ibi Francos misit Aquitaniam continendo, similiter et in Bituricas Francorum scaram conlocavit.

[766] 766. Then King Pippin proceeded, making a journey into Aquitaine; and he held his assembly in the city of Aurelianis and restored the castle at Argentomo, which Waifarius had previously destroyed. The aforesaid King Pippin rebuilt the above-named castle; there he sent Franks to hold Aquitaine in check, and likewise at Bituricas he stationed a Frankish scara.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in Salmontiagum villam et pascha in Gentiliaco. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord at the villa Salmontiagum and Easter at Gentiliaco. And the number of the years changed into

[767] DCCLXVII. Tunc habuit domnus Pippinus rex in supradicta villa synodum magnum inter Romanos et Grecos de sancta Trinitate vel de sanctorum imaginibus.

[767] 767. Then lord King Pippin held in the aforesaid villa a great synod between Romans and Greeks concerning the Holy Trinity and concerning the images of the saints.

Et postea perrexit iter peragens partibus Aquitaniae per Narbonam, Tolosam coepit, Albiensem similiter necnon et Gavuldanum; et sanus reversus est in patriam et celebravit pascha in Vienna civitate.

And afterward he proceeded, carrying on his campaign through the regions of Aquitaine by way of Narbonne; he took Toulouse, the Albigeois likewise, and also the Gévaudan; and he returned safe to his homeland and celebrated Easter in the city of Vienne.

Et in eodem anno in mense Augusto iterum perrexit partibus Aquitaniae, Bituricam usque venit; ibi synodum fecit cum omnibus Francis solito more in campo. Et inde iter peragens usque ad Garonnam pervenit, multas *roccas et speluncas conquisivit, castrum Scoraliam, Torinnam, Petrociam et reversus est Bituricam. Ibique nuntiatum est de obitu Pauli papae, et ibi celebravit natalem Domini. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And in the same year, in the month of August, he again went into the parts of Aquitaine, came as far as Biturica; there he held a synod with all the Franks in the customary manner in the field. And from there, pursuing his journey, he came as far as the Garonne; he conquered many *roccas and caves, the fortress Scoralia, Torinna, Petrocia, and he returned to Biturica. And there it was announced about the death of Pope Paul, and there he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord. And the number of years was changed in

[768] DCCLXVIII. Domnus Pippinus rex iter faciens et Remistagnum coepit, ad Sanctones civitatem usque pervenit et ibi captam matrem Waifarii et sororem eius et neptas eius usque ad Garonnam. Inde perrexit in loco, qui dicitur Montis; ibi Herowicus veniens cum illa alia sorore Waifarii ducis.

[768] 768. Lord Pippin the king, making a journey, also seized Remistagnum; he came as far as the city of the Santones, and there he captured Waifar’s mother, his sister, and his nieces, to the Garonne. From there he proceeded to the place which is called Montis; there Herowicus came with that other sister of Duke Waifar.

Et inde sanus reversus pascha celebravit in castro, qui dicitur Sels.

And from there, having returned safe, he celebrated Easter in the castle which is called Sels.

Iterum iter adsumens cum domna Bertradane regina ad Sanctones civitatem pervenit ibique domna Bertradane regina cum familia dimisit et partibus Petrogorigo perrexit; et interempto Waifario cum triumpho victoriae ad Sanctones reversus est.

Again, taking up the journey, with lady Bertradane the queen he reached the city of Saintes, and there he dismissed lady Bertradane the queen with the household and to the parts of the Petragori (Périgord) he proceeded; and, Waifar having been slain, with the triumph of victory he returned to Saintes.

Ibique moram faciens aliquod dies aegrotare coepit, partibus Turonorum revertendo perrexit, orationem ad sanctum Martinum fecit, ad sanctum Dionisium usque pervenit ibique diem obiens finivit VIII. Kal. Octobr.

And there, lingering for some days, he began to fall ill; he set out back toward the parts of the Turones, made a prayer to Saint Martin, came as far as Saint Dionysius, and there he ended his life on September 24.

Et domnus Carolus et Carlomannus elevati sunt in regnum, domnus Carolus VII. Id. Octobr. in Noviomo civitate, Carlomannus in Suessionis civitate similiter.

And lord Charles and Carloman were elevated to the kingship, lord Charles on October 9 in the city of Noyon, Carloman in the city of Soissons likewise.

Et celebravit praedictus gloriosus domnus Carolus rex natalem Domini in villa, quae dicitur Aquis, et pascha in Rodomo civitate. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And the aforesaid glorious lord King Charles celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the villa which is called Aquis, and Easter in the city of Rouen. And the number of years changed itself in

[769] DCCLXVIIII. Domnus Carolus gloriosus rex iter peragens partibus Aquitaniae, eo quod Hunaldus voluit rebellare totam Wasconiam etiam et Aquitaniam, et cum paucis Francis auxiliante Domino dissipata iniqua consilia supradicti Hunaldi. Et in ipso itinere iungens se supradictus magnus rex cum germano suo Carlomanno in loco, qui dicitur Duasdives.

[769] 769. Lord Charles, the glorious king, undertaking a journey through the parts of Aquitaine, because Hunald wished to rebel, to rouse all Wasconia and even Aquitaine; and, with a few Franks, with the Lord aiding, the unjust counsels of the aforesaid Hunald were scattered. And on that same journey the aforesaid great king joined himself with his brother Carlomann in the place which is called Duasdives.

Inde Carlomannus se revertendo Franciam iter arripiens, domnus Carolus benignissimus rex ivit ad Aequolesinam civitatem, et inde sumpsit plures *Francos cum omni utensilia et praeparamenta eorum et ibat super flumen Dornoniam et aedificavit ibi castrum, qui dicitur Fronciacus. Et inde missos suos mittens post Hunaldum et uxorem eius ad Luponem Wasconem, dum et ibi moram fecisset una cum Francis, adductus est supradictus Hunaldus una cum uxore sua. Et castro praeparato et Hunaldo recepto reversus est in Francia.

Thence Carloman, turning back and taking up the journey to France, Lord Charles, most benign king, went to the city of Aequolesina, and from there he took many *Franks with all their utensils and preparations and went along the river Dornonia and built there a castle, which is called Fronciacus. And from there, sending his envoys after Hunald and his wife to Lupus the Vascon, when he too had made a stay there together with the Franks, the aforesaid Hunald together with his wife was brought in. And with the castle prepared and Hunald received, he returned to France.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in villa, quae dicitur Duria, et pascha in Leodico vico publico. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the villa which is called Duria, and Easter in Leodico, the public vicus. And the number of years changed into

[770] DCCLXX. Tunc domnus Carolus rex habuit synodum in Warmatiam civitatem, et Carlomannus et Berta regina iungentes se ad Salossa. Et in eodem anno perrexit domna Berta regina per Baioariam partibus Italiae.

[770] 770. Then lord Charles the king held a synod in the city of Worms, and Carloman and Queen Bertha, joining themselves, at Salossa. And in the same year Lady Bertha the queen proceeded through Bavaria into the parts of Italy.

Et domnus Carolus rex celebravit natalem Domini in Mogontiam civitatem et pascha in Haristallio. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And lord Charles the king celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the city of Mogontia and Easter in Haristallio. And the number of years changed into

[771] DCCLXXI. Tunc domnus Carolus rex synodum habuit ad Valentianas. Et eodem anno Carlomannus rex defunctus est in villa, quae dicitur Salmontiacus, prid.

[771] 771. Then lord Charles the king held a synod at Valenciennes. And in the same year King Carloman died in the villa which is called Salmontiacus, the day before.

Non. Decembr. Domnus rex Carolus venit ad Corbonacum villam, ibique venientes Wilcharius archiepiscopus et Folradus capellanus cum aliis episcopis ac sacerdotibus, Warinus et Adalhardus comites cum aliis primatibus, qui fuerunt Carlomanni; uxor vero Carlomanni cum aliquibus paucis Francis partibus Italiae perrexerunt.

On the Nones of December, Lord King Charles came to the villa of Corbonacus, and there came Wilcharius the archbishop and Folrad the chaplain with other bishops and priests, Warinus and Adalhard the counts with other primates, who had been of Carloman; but Carloman’s wife, with a few Franks, made their way to parts of Italy.

Et praeclarus ac gloriosus Carolus rex celebravit natalem Domini in villa, quae dicitur Attiniacus et pascha in Haristallio villa. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And the most illustrious and glorious King Charles celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the villa which is called Attiniacus, and Easter in the villa Haristallio. And the number of years changed itself into

[772] DCCLXXII. Tunc domnus Carolus mitissimus rex sinodum tenuit ad Warmatiam. Et inde perrexit partibus Saxoniae prima vice, Eresburgum castrum coepit, ad Ermensul usque pervenit et ipsum fanum destruxit et aurum vel argentum, quod ibi repperit, abstulit.

[772] 772. Then Lord Charles, the most gentle king, held a synod at Worms. And from there he proceeded into the parts of Saxony for the first time, seized the fortress of Eresburg, came as far as the Irminsul and destroyed that very shrine, and carried off the gold or silver which he found there.

Et fuit siccitas magna, ita ut aqua deficeret in supradicto loco, ubi Ermensul stabat; et dum voluit ibi duos aut tres praedictus gloriosus rex stare dies fanum ipsum ad perdestruendum et aquam non haberent, tunc subito divina largiente gratia media die cuncto exercitu quiescente in quodam torrente omnibus hominibus ignorantibus aquae effusae sunt largissimae, ita ut cunctus exercitus sufficienter haberet. Tunc super Wisoram fluvium venit suprascriptus magnus rex et ibi cum Saxonibus placitum habuit et recepit obsides XII et reversus est in Franciam.

And there was a great drought, such that water failed in the aforesaid place where Ermensul stood; and when the aforesaid glorious king wished to stay there two or three days to destroy that shrine utterly and they had no water, then suddenly, by divine grace lavishly bestowing, at midday, while the entire army was resting, in a certain torrent—unknown to all men—waters were poured forth most abundantly, so that the whole army had enough. Then the above-written great king came over the river Weser and there held a placitum with the Saxons, and he received 12 hostages and returned to France.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in Haristallio et pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord at Herstal and Easter likewise. And the number of years changed into

[773] DCCLXXIII. Tunc domnus Carolus rex perrexit ad hiemandum in villa, quae dicitur Theodone-villa. Ibique veniens missus domni Adriani apostolici, nomine Petrus, per mare usque ad Massilia et inde terreno ad domnum Carolum regem usque periungens, invitando scilicet supranominatum gloriosum regem una cum Francis pro Dei servitio et iustitia sancti Petri seu solatio ecclesiae super Desiderium regem et Langobardos ; et ideo maritime venit, quia viae clausae fuerunt Romanis a Langobardis.

[773] 773. Then Lord Charles the king set out to winter in the villa which is called Theodone-villa. And there arriving, an envoy of Lord Adrian the Apostolic, by name Peter, came by sea as far as Massilia and thence by land, coming all the way to join Lord Charles the king, inviting, to wit, the above-named glorious king together with the Franks for the service of God and the justice of Saint Peter as well as the solace of the church, against King Desiderius and the Langobards; and for that reason he came by sea, because the roads had been closed to the Romans by the Langobards.

Tunc domnus ac praecelsus Carolus rex consiliavit una cum Francis, quid perageret; et sumpto consilio, ut ita, sicut missus apostolici per verbum domni Adriani apostolici postulavit, ita fieret, tunc synodum suprascriptus gloriosus rex tenuit generaliter cum Francis Ienuam civitatem. Ibique exercitum dividens iam fatus domnus rex, et perrexit ipse per montem Caenisium et misit Bernehardum avunculum suum per montem Iovem cum aliis eius fidelibus. Et tunc ambo exercitus ad clusas se coniungentes, Desiderius ipse obviam domni Caroli regis venit.

Then lord and most-exalted Charles the king took counsel together with the Franks as to what he should accomplish; and counsel having been taken, that it should be done just as the envoy of the apostolic, by the word of lord Hadrian the apostolic, requested, then the aforesaid glorious king held a synod generally with the Franks at the city of Geneva. And there the already-mentioned lord king, dividing the army, went himself over Mount Cenis, and he sent Bernard, his maternal uncle, over Mount Jove with other of his faithful men. And then, both armies, joining at the defiles (the Cluses), Desiderius himself came to meet lord Charles the king.

Tunc domnus Carolus rex una cum Francis castra metatus est ad easdem clusas et mittens scaram suam per montanis. Hoc sentiens Desiderius clusas relinquens, supradictus domnus Carolus rex una cum Francis auxiliante Domino et intercedente beato Petro apostolo sine lesione vel aliquo conturbio clusas apertas Italiam introivit ipse et omnes fideles sui. Et Papiam civitatem usque pervenit et Desiderio incluso ipsam civitatem obsedit.

Then lord King Charles together with the Franks pitched camp at those same passes and sent his detachment through the mountains. Perceiving this, Desiderius abandoned the passes; the aforesaid lord King Charles together with the Franks, with the Lord aiding and blessed Peter the apostle interceding, without injury or any disturbance, with the passes opened, entered Italy—he and all his faithful men. And he came as far as the city of Pavia and, with Desiderius shut inside, he besieged that city.

Ibique domnus Carolus in sua castra natalem Domini celebravit et pascha in Roma. [Et dum propter defensionem sanctae Dei Romanae ecclesiae eodem anno invitante summo pontifice perrexisset, dimissa marca contra Saxones nulla omnino foederatione suscepta. Ipsi vero Saxones exierunt cum magno exercitu super confinia Francorum, pervenerunt usque ad castrum, quod nominatur Buriaburg; attamen ipsi confiniales de hac causa solliciti, cumque hoc cernerent, castello sunt ingressi.

And there lord Charles celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in his own camp, and the Pasch in Rome. [And when, for the defense of the holy Roman Church of God, in the same year, at the invitation of the supreme pontiff, he had set out, the march against the Saxons having been left with no treaty at all undertaken. But the Saxons themselves went out with a great army over the borders of the Franks, they came as far as the fortress which is called Buriaburg; however the borderers, anxious on account of this matter, and when they perceived this, entered the castle.

Dum igitur ipsa Saxonum gens coepisset seviens domos forinsecus incendia cremare, venerunt ad quandam basilicam in loco, qui dicitur Fricdislar, quam sanctae memoriae Bonefacius novissimus martyr consecravit atque per spiritum prophetiae praedixit, quod nunquam incendio cremaretur. Coeperunt autem idem praefati Saxones cum nimia intentione adversus eandem certare basilicam, quemadmodum eam per quodlibet ingenium igni cremare potuissent. Dum haec igitur agerentur, apparuerunt quibusdam christianis, qui erant in castello, similiter et quibusdam paganis, qui in ipso aderant exercitu, duo iuvenes in albis, qui ipsam basilicam ab igne protegebant; et propterea ibidem non potuerunt neque interius neque exterius ignem accendere nec aliquod dampnum eidem inferre basilicae, sed nutu divinae maiestatis pavore perterriti in fugam conversi sunt, nemine persequente.

Accordingly, while that nation of the Saxons had begun, raging, to burn houses with fires from outside, they came to a certain basilica in a place which is called Fricdislar, which Boniface, of holy memory, the most recent martyr, consecrated and foretold through the spirit of prophecy that it would never be burned by fire. But the same aforesaid Saxons began with excessive intention to contend against that same basilica, as to how by whatever ingenium they might be able to burn it with fire. While these things, then, were being done, there appeared to certain Christians who were in the castle, and likewise to certain pagans who were present in that army, two youths in white garments, who were protecting that basilica from the fire; and for that reason there they were not able to light a fire either within or without, nor to inflict any damage upon the same basilica, but by the nod of divine majesty, terrified with fear, they were turned to flight, no one pursuing.

Inventus est autem postea unus ex isdem Saxonibus mortuus iuxta ipsam basilicam, genibus curvis adclinus supra pedes, habens ignem et ligna in manibus, velut ore flando eandem basilicam igni tradere voluisset.] Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

But afterward one of those same Saxons was found dead next to that basilica, bent at the knees, leaning forward over his feet, holding fire and wood in his hands, as if by blowing with his mouth he had wished to consign that same basilica to fire.] And the number of years changed into

[774] DCCLXXIIII. Et revertente domno Carolo rege a Roma, et iterum ad Papiam pervenit, ipsam civitatem coepit et Desiderium regem cum uxore et filia vel cum omni thesauro eius palatii. Ibique venientes omnes Langobardi de cunctis civitatibus Italiae, subdiderunt se in dominio domni gloriosi Caroli regis et Francorum.

[774] 774. And as lord King Charles was returning from Rome, he again came to Pavia; he took that city, and Desiderius the king with his wife and daughter, as well as all the treasure of his palace. And thereupon, coming thither, all the Langobards from all the cities of Italy submitted themselves to the dominion of the lord, the glorious Charles, king of the Franks.

Adalgisus filius Desiderii regis fuga lapsus mare introiit et Constantinopolim perrexit. Tunc gloriosus domnus Carolus rex, ipsa Italia subiugata et ordinata, custodia Francorum in Papia civitate dimittens cum uxore et reliquis Francis Deo adiuvante cum magno triumpho Franciam reversus est.

Adalgisus, son of King Desiderius, slipping away in flight, entered the sea and proceeded to Constantinople. Then the glorious lord Charles the king, Italy herself subjugated and ordered, leaving a garrison of Franks in the city of Pavia, with his wife and the remaining Franks, God aiding, returned to France with great triumph.

Et dum pervenisset in loco, qui dicitur Ingilinhaim, mittens quatuor scaras in Saxoniam: tres pugnam cum Saxonibus inierunt et auxiliante Domino victores extiterunt; quarta vero scara non habuit pugnam, sed cum praeda magna inlesi iterum reversi sunt ad propria.

And when he had arrived at the place which is called Ingilinhaim, sending four scaras into Saxony: three joined battle with the Saxons and, with the Lord aiding, emerged victors; the fourth scara, however, had no battle, but, with great booty, uninjured, returned again to their own homes.

Et celebravit praefatus gloriosus rex natalem Domini in villa, quae dicitur Carisiacum, similiter et pascha. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And the aforesaid glorious king celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the villa which is called Carisiacum, and likewise Easter. And the number of years was changed into

[775] DCCLXXV. Tunc pius atque praeclarus domnus Carolus rex habuit synodum in villa, quae dicitur Duria. Et inde iter peragens partibus Saxoniae Sigiburgum castrum coepit, Eresburgum reaedificavit, super Wisoram fluvium venit in loco, qui dicitur Brunisberg.

[775] 775. Then the pious and most illustrious lord King Charles held a synod in the villa which is called Duria. And from there, prosecuting a march into the parts of Saxony, he took the fortress Sigiburg, rebuilt Eresburg, and upon the river Wisora he came to a place which is called Brunisberg.

Et ibi praeparabant Saxones bellum, volentes ripam supradicti fluminis defendere; auxiliante Domino et Francis decertantibus fugati sunt Saxones, Franci ambas ripas obtinuerunt, et multi Saxones ibi occisi sunt.

And there the Saxons were preparing war, wishing to defend the bank of the aforesaid river; with the Lord aiding and the Franks contending, the Saxons were put to flight, the Franks secured both banks, and many Saxons were slain there.

Tunc domnus Carolus rex dividens exercitum suum, sumpsit secum, quos voluit, perrexit usque Obaccrum fluvium. Ibi omnes Austreleudi Saxones venientes cum Hassione et dederunt obsides, iuxta quod placuit, et iuraverunt sacramenta, se fideles esse partibus supradicti domni Caroli regis. Similiter inde revertendo iam dicto mitissimo regi, venerunt Angrarii in pago, qui dicitur Bucki, una cum Brunone et reliquis obtimatibus eorum et dederunt ibi obsides sicut Austrasii.

Then lord King Charles, dividing his army, took with him whom he wished, and proceeded as far as the Obaccrus river. There all the Austreleudi Saxons, coming with Hassio, gave hostages, according as it pleased, and swore oaths to be faithful to the party of the aforesaid lord King Charles. Likewise, on returning thence to the already-mentioned most gentle king, the Angrians came into the pagus which is called Bucki, together with Bruno and the rest of their optimates, and gave hostages there like the Austrasians.

Et inde revertente praefato rege, invenit aliam partem de suo exercitu super fluvium Wisora continentes ripam, quam iussi fuerant. Saxones cum ipsis pugnam fecerunt in loco, qui dicitur Lidbach, et Franci Deo volente victoriam habuerunt, et plures ex ipsis Saxones occiderunt. Hoc audiente domno Carolo rege, iterum super Saxones cum exercitu irruens et non minorem stragem ex eis fecit et praedam multam conquisivit super Westfalaos; et obsides dederunt sicut et illi alii Saxones.

And from there, as the aforesaid king was returning, he found another part of his army upon the river Wisora, holding the bank as they had been ordered. The Saxons made battle with them in the place which is called Lidbach, and the Franks, God willing, had the victory and killed many of those Saxons. On hearing this, lord King Charles, rushing again upon the Saxons with the army, made no lesser slaughter of them and amassed much booty over the Westphalians; and they gave hostages just as those other Saxons.

Et tunc obsidibus receptis et praeda multa adsumpta et per ter stragia Saxonum facta supradictus domnus Carolus rex ad propria reversus est auxiliante Domino in Franciam.

And then, the hostages received and much booty taken up, and after thrice making slaughter of the Saxons, the aforesaid lord King Charles, with the Lord aiding, returned to his own, into France.

Tunc audiens, quod Hrodgaudus Langobardus fraudavit fidem suam et omnia sacramenta rumpens et voluit Italiam rebellare, tunc illis in partibus cum aliquibus Francis domnus Carolus rex iter peragens.

Then, hearing that Hrodgaud the Langobard had betrayed his faith and, breaking all the oaths, wished to make Italy rebel, then in those parts lord King Charles, with some Franks, was on the march.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in villa, quae dicitur Scladdistat. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the villa which is called Scladdistat. And the number of years changed itself into

[776] DCCLXXVI. Tunc domnus Carolus rex Italiam ingressus est partibus Foroiulensium pergens.

[776] 776. Then lord Charles the king entered Italy, advancing through the parts of the Foroiulians.

Hrodgaudus occisus est, et supradictus domnus Carolus rex ad Tarvisium civitatem pascha celebravit, et captas civitates Foroiulem, Tarvisium cum reliquis civitatibus, quae rebellatae fuerant; et disposuit omnes per Francos et iterum cum prosperitate et victoria reversus est in Franciam.

Hrodgaud was slain, and the aforesaid lord Charles the king celebrated Pasch at the city of Tarvisium, and he captured the cities Foroiulem, Tarvisium together with the remaining cities which had rebelled; and he arranged everything through Franks and again with prosperity and victory returned to Francia.

Tunc nuntius veniens, qui dixit Saxones rebellatos et omnes obsides suos dulgtos et sacramenta rupta et Eresburgum castrum per mala ingenia et iniqua placita Francos exinde suadentes exiendo; sic Eresburgum a Francis derelictum, muros et opera destruxerunt. Inde pergentes voluerunt de Sigiburgi similiter facere, auxiliante Domino Francis eis viriliter repugnantibus nihil praevaluerunt. [Dum enim per placita eos, qui in*fra ipsum castrum custodes erant, inludere non potuissent, sicut fecerunt alios, qui in alium castellum fuerant, coeperunt pugnas et machinas praeparare, qualiter per virtutem potuissent illum capere; et Deo volente petrarias, quas praeparaverunt, plus illis damnum fecerunt quam illis, qui infra castrum residebant.

Then a messenger came, who said that the Saxons had rebelled, and that all their hostages had been led off, and the oaths broken, and that by evil stratagems and unjust agreements they were persuading the Franks to go out from the fortress of Eresburg; thus, Eresburg having been abandoned by the Franks, they destroyed the walls and works. Thence, going on, they wished to do likewise to Sigiburg; but, with the Lord helping, the Franks manfully resisting them, they prevailed nothing. [For since by agreements they had not been able to delude those who were the guards in*side that very fortress, as they had done to others who had been in another fortress, they began to prepare assaults and engines, how by force they might be able to take it; and, God willing, the petraries which they prepared did more damage to themselves than to those who were residing inside the fortress.

Cum enim vidissent, quod eis non proficeret, praeparaverunt etiam clidas ad debellandum per virtutem ipsum castellum. Sed Dei virtus, sicut iustum est, superavit illorum virtutem, et quadam die, cum bellum praeparassent adversus christianos, qui in ipso castro residebant, apparuit manifeste gloria Dei supra domum ecclesiae, quae est infra ipsum castrum, videntibus multis tam aforis quam etiam et deintus, ex quibus multi manent usque adhuc; et dicunt vidisse instar duorum scutorum colore rubeo flammantes et agitantes supra ipsam ecclesiam. Et cum hoc signum vidissent pagani, qui aforis erant, statim confusi sunt et magno timore perterriti coeperunt fugere ad castra, et omnis multitudo eorum in pavore concussi fugam arrepti alii ab aliis se ab invicem interficiebant.

For when they had seen that it was not profiting them, they prepared also mantlets to subdue by force that very castle. But the power of God, as is just, overcame their power; and on a certain day, when they had prepared battle against the Christians who were residing in that castle, the glory of God appeared manifest above the house of the church, which is within the castle, many seeing it both from outside and also from within—of whom many remain even to this day—and they say they saw the likeness of two shields, flaming and moving with a red color, above that same church. And when the pagans who were outside had seen this sign, straightway they were confounded and, terrified with great fear, began to flee to the camps; and their whole multitude, shaken with dread and seized by flight, as they fled were killing one another, each by each, mutually.

Qui enim retro propter pavorem aliquam respiciebant, infigebant se lanceis eorum, qui ante illos fugiebant et in humeris portabant, et alii diversis ictibus inter se sunt perpessi et divina ultione iudicati. Et quantum super eos Dei virtus propter salutem christianorum operata est, nullus narrare potest; attamen quantum illi plus pavore perterriti fuerunt, tanto magis christiani confortati omnipotentem Deum laudaverunt, qui dignatus est suam manifestare potentiam super servos suos.] Et inde fugam arripientes Saxones, persecuti sunt eos Franci interficientes illos usque ad flumen Lippiam, castro salvato; et cum victoria reversi sunt Franci.

For those who, on account of fear, were looking back behind, were impaling themselves on the spears of those who were fleeing before them and carrying them on their shoulders, and others endured various blows among themselves and were judged by divine vengeance. And how greatly the virtue of God worked upon them for the salvation of the Christians, no one can tell; nevertheless, the more they were terrified with fear, so much the more were the Christians strengthened and lauded the Omnipotent God, who deigned to manifest his power upon his servants.] And from there the Saxons, seizing flight, were pursued by the Franks, who killed them as far as the river Lippe, the fortress being saved; and the Franks returned with victory.

Et cum pervenisset domnus Carolus rex Wormatiam, et omnes istas causas audiens, coniunxit synodum ad eandem civitatem. Et ibi placitum publicum tenens, et consilio facto cum Dei adiutorio sub celeritate et nimia festinatione Saxonum caesas seu firmitates subito introivit. Et Saxones perterriti omnes ad locum, ubi Lippia consurgit, venientes ex omni parte et reddiderunt patriam per wadium omnes manibus eorum et spoponderunt se esse christianos et sub dicione domni Caroli regis et Francorum subdiderunt.

And when lord King Charles had arrived at Worms, and, hearing all these causes, he convened a synod at that same city. And there, holding a public placitum, and counsel having been taken, with God’s help, with celerity and excessive haste he suddenly entered the Saxons’ hedge-works or strongholds. And the Saxons, terrified, all coming from every side to the place where the Lippe rises, gave up the homeland by pledge (per wadium), all of them, into their hands, and they pledged themselves to be Christians and subjected themselves under the dominion of lord King Charles and of the Franks.

Et tunc domnus Carolus rex una cum Francis reaedificavit Eresburgum castrum denuo et alium castrum super Lippiam, ibique venientes Saxones una cum uxoribus et infantibus innumerabilis multitudo baptizati sunt et obsides, quantos iamdictus domnus rex eis quaesivit, dederunt. Et perfecta supradicta castella et disposita per Francos scaras resedentes et ipsa custodientes reversus est domnus Carolus rex in Franciam.

And then lord King Charles together with the Franks re‑edified anew the castle of Eresburg and another castle upon the Lippe, and there, the Saxons coming with their wives and infants, an innumerable multitude were baptized, and they gave the hostages as many as the aforesaid lord king sought from them. And when the aforesaid castles had been completed, and scarae detachments arranged by the Franks, remaining and guarding them, lord King Charles returned into Francia.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in Haristallio et pascha in villa, quae dicitur Niumaga. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord at Herstal and the Pasch in the villa which is called Niumaga. And the number of years changed itself into

[777] DCCLXXVII. Tunc domnus Carolus rex synodum publicum habuit ad Paderbrunnen prima vice. Ibique convenientes omnes Franci, et ex omni parte Saxoniae undique Saxones convenerunt, excepto quod Widochindis rebellis extitit cum paucis aliis: in partibus Nordmanniae confugium fecit una cum sociis suis.

[777] 777. Then lord Charles the king held a public synod at Paderbrunnen for the first time. And there all the Franks gathered, and from every part of Saxony the Saxons assembled from all sides, except that Widukind proved rebellious with a few others: in the parts of Nordmannia he took refuge together with his companions.

Etiam ad eundem placitum venerunt Sarraceni de partibus Hispaniae, hi sunt Ibin al Arabi et filius Deiuzefi, qui et latine Ioseph nominatur, similiter et gener eius. Ibique multitudo Saxonum baptizati sunt et secundum morem illorum omnem ingenuitatem et alodem manibus dulgtum fecerunt, si amplius inmutassent secundum malam consuetudinem eorum, nisi conservarent in omnibus christianitatem vel fidelitatem supradicti domni Caroli regis et filiorum eius vel Francorum.

Also to the same placitum there came Saracens from the parts of Spain—these are Ibn al-‘Arabi and the son of Deiuzef, who also in Latin is named Joseph, and likewise his son-in-law. And there a multitude of Saxons were baptized, and, according to their custom, they made a hand-pledge of all their freeborn status and allod, should they further change according to their evil consuetude, unless they preserve in all things Christianity and the fidelity of the aforesaid lord King Charles and of his sons or of the Franks.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in villa, quae dicitur Dotciacum, et pascha in Aquitania in villa Cassinogilo . Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the villa which is called Dotciacum, and Easter in Aquitaine in the villa Cassinogilo . And the number of years changed into

[778] DCCLXXVIII. Tunc domnus Carolus rex iter peragens partibus Hispaniae per duas vias; una per Pampilonam, per quam ipse supradictus magnus rex perrexit usque Caesaraugustam. Ibique venientes de partibus Burgundiae et Austriae vel Baioariae seu Provinciae et Septimaniae et pars Langobardorum; et coniungentes se ad supradictam civitatem ex utraque parte exercitus.

[778] 778. Then lord King Charles, pursuing a march into the parts of Spain by two routes; one via Pamplona, by which the aforesaid great king proceeded as far as Caesaraugusta. And there, men were coming from the regions of Burgundy and Austrasia and Bavaria, as well as Provence and Septimania, and a part of the Lombards; and, joining themselves at the aforesaid city, they formed up on both flanks of the host.

Ibi obsides receptos de Ibin al Arabi et de Abutauro et de multis Sarracenis, Pampilona destructa, Hispani Wascones subiugatos, etiam et Nabarros, reversus in partibus Franciae.

There hostages were received from Ibn al-Arabi and from Abu Tawr and from many Saracens; Pamplona destroyed, the Spanish Vascones subdued, and the Navarrese as well, he returned into the parts of Francia.

Et cum audissent Saxones, quod domnus Carolus rex et Franci tam longe fuissent partibus Hispaniae, per suasionem supradicti Widochindi vel sociorum eius secundum consuetudinem malam iterum rebellati sunt; et nunciatum est hoc domno regi Carolo ad Autosiodorum civitatem. Tunc praedictus domnus rex mittens scaram Franciscam, ut sub velocitate festinaret ad resistendos supradictos Saxones: sed illi rebelles ad Renum usque Diuciam pervenerunt, tunc praedantes secus Renum et multas malicias facientes, ecclesias Dei incendentes in sanctemonialibus, et quod fastidium generat enumerandi. Et cum subito audientes de reversione domni Caroli regis et de scara eius, quam misit obviam illis, tunc a Saxonibus dimisso Reno, reversi sunt per Logenehi partibus Saxoniae; et scarae Francorum non occurrerunt obviam eis, sed vestigium eorum observantes consecuti sunt eos super fluvium, cuius vocabulum est Adarna in loco, qui dicitur Lihesi.

And when the Saxons heard that lord King Charles and the Franks had been so far in the parts of Spain, at the persuasion of the above‑said Widukind and his companions they, according to their evil custom, rebelled again; and this was announced to lord King Charles at the city of Auxerre. Then the aforesaid lord king, sending a Frankish scara, that it might in speed hasten to resist the aforesaid Saxons: but those rebels came as far as the Rhine up to Diucia, then plundering along the Rhine and doing many evils, burning the churches of God in women’s monasteries, and things which it breeds disgust to enumerate. And when suddenly they heard of the return of lord King Charles and of the scara which he had sent to meet them, then, the Rhine abandoned by the Saxons, they returned through the Logenehi parts of Saxony; and the scaras of the Franks did not meet them face‑to‑face, but, watching their track, overtook them at the river whose name is Adarna, in the place which is called Lihesi.

Ibi pugna incepta et valde bene finita, auxiliante Domino Franci victores extiterunt; et multitudo Saxonum ibi occisi sunt et fugientes cum magno contumelio reversi sunt Saxoniam.

There the battle was begun and very well finished; with the Lord aiding, the Franks stood forth as victors, and a multitude of Saxons were slain there, and those fleeing returned to Saxony with great contumely.

Et celebravit supradictus clementissimus rex natalem Domini in villa, quae dicitur Haristallio, et pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And the aforesaid most clement king celebrated the Nativity of the Lord at the villa which is called Haristallio, and Easter likewise. And the number of years changed into

[779] DCCLXXVIIII. Tunc domnus Carolus rex iter peragens partibus Niustriae et pervenit usque in villa, quae dicitur Conpendio, et tunc iterum revertendo partibus Austriae, obtulit se Hildebrandus dux Spolitinus cum multa munera in praesentiam supradicti magni regis in villa, quae vocatur Virciniacum.

[779] 779. Then lord King Charles, making a journey through the parts of Neustria, came as far as the villa which is called Conpendio; and then, returning again to the parts of Austrasia, Hildebrand, the Spoleto duke, presented himself with many gifts into the presence of the aforesaid great king at the villa which is called Virciniacum.

Et fuit sinodus in villa nuncupantem Duria, et iter peractus est partibus Saxoniae. Ad Lippeham transitur Renus fluvius, et Saxones voluerunt resistere in loco, qui dicitur Bohholz; auxiliante Domino non praevaluerunt, sed abinde fugientes reliquerunt omnes firmitates eorum. Et Francis aperta est via, et introeuntes in Westfalaos et conquisierunt eos omnes; reliqui, qui ultra Wisora fuerunt, cum se iunxisset domnus Carolus rex ad locum, qui dicitur Medofulli, ibi dederunt obsides et deinde sacramenta firmantes.

And there was a synod in the villa named Duria, and the journey was carried through in the parts of Saxony. At Lippeham the Rhine river is crossed, and the Saxons wished to resist in the place which is called Bohholz; with the Lord aiding, they did not prevail, but fleeing from there they left behind all their fortresses. And the way was opened for the Franks, and entering among the Westphalians they conquered them all; the rest, who were beyond the Weser, when lord King Charles had come to the place which is called Medofulli, there they gave hostages and thereafter confirmed oaths.

Et tunc reversus est suprascriptus gloriosus rex in Francia.

And then the aforementioned glorious king returned to Francia.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in Wormatiam civitatem et pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the city of Worms, and likewise Easter. And the number of years changed itself in

[780] DCCLXXX. Tunc domnus Carolus rex iter peragens ad disponendam Saxoniam ad Eresburgum pervenit et inde ad locum, ubi Lippia consurgit, ibique synodum tenens. Inde iter peragens partibus Albiae fluvii, et in ipso itinere omnes Bardongavenses et multi de Nordleudi baptizati sunt in loco, qui dicitur Orhaim, ultra Obacro fluvio.

[780] 780. Then lord Charles the king, making a journey to set Saxony in order, arrived at Eresburg, and thence to the place where the Lippe rises, and there he held a synod. Thence, prosecuting a journey in the regions of the river Elbe, and on that very journey, all the Bardongavenses and many of the Nordleudi were baptized in the place which is called Orhaim, beyond the Obacra river.

Et pervenit usque ad supradictum fluvium, ubi Ora confluit in Albia; ibique omnia disponens tam Saxoniam quam et Sclavos, et reversus est supradictus praeclarus rex in Francia.

And he reached as far as the aforementioned river, where the Ora flows together into the Elbe; and there, arranging everything both for Saxony and for the Slavs, the aforementioned illustrious king returned into Francia.

Tunc sumpto consilio, ut iter perageret orationis causa partibus Romae, una cum uxore sua domna Hildegarde regina. Et celebravit natalem Domini in Papiam civitatem. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

Then, counsel having been taken, that he might carry out a journey for the sake of prayer to the parts of Rome, together with his wife, lady Hildegard the queen. And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the city of Pavia. And the number of years was changed into

[781] DCCLXXI. Et supradictum iter peragens celebravit pascha in Roma. Et ibi baptizatus est domnus

[781] 771. And completing the aforesaid journey he celebrated Easter in Rome. And there the lord was baptized

Pippinus, filius supradicti domni Caroli magni regis, ab Adriano papa, qui et ipse eum de sacro fonte suscepit; et duo filii supradicti domni Caroli regis uncti sunt in regem a supradicto pontifice, hi sunt domnus Pippinus et domnus Hludowicus reges, domnus Pippinus rex in Italiam et domnus Hludowicus rex in Aquitaniam. Et inde revertente domno Carolo rege, Mediolanis civitate pervenit, et ibi baptizata est filia eius domna Gisola ab archiepiscopo nomine Thoma, qui et ipse eam a sacro baptismo manibus suscepit. Et ab inde reversus est in Franciam.

Pippin, the son of the aforesaid lord Charles the Great the king, was baptized by Pope Adrian, who also himself received him from the sacred font; and the two sons of the aforesaid lord King Charles were anointed as king by the aforesaid pontiff—these are Lord Pippin and Lord Louis, kings: Lord Pippin, king in Italy, and Lord Louis, king in Aquitaine. And then, with Lord Charles the king returning, he reached the city of Milan, and there his daughter Lady Gisola was baptized by the archbishop named Thomas, who also himself with his hands received her from the holy baptism. And from there he returned to France.

Et tunc missi sunt duo missi ab apostolico supradicto, hi sunt Formonsus et Damasus episcopi, ad Tassilonem ducem una cum missis domni regis Caroli his nominibus: Riculfum diaconem et Eborhardum magister pincernarum, ad commonendum et contestandum, ut reminisceret priscorum sacramentorum suorum et ut non aliter faceret, nisi sicut iureiurando iam dudum promiserat ad partem domni Pippini regis et domni Caroli magni regis vel Francorum. Et tunc consensit Tassilo dux Baioariorum, ut sumptos obsides a domno rege Carolo et tunc ad eius veniret praesentiam; quod et domnus praefatus rex non rennuit. Et coniugens se supradictus dux in praesentiam piissimi regis ad Wormatiam civitatem, ibi renovans sacramenta et dans duodecim obsides electos, ut omnia conservaret, quicquid domno Pippino regi iureiurando promiserat in causa supradicti domni Caroli regis vel fidelium suorum; qui et ipsi obsides recepti sunt in Carisiacum villa de manu Sinberti episcopi.

And then two envoys were sent by the aforesaid Apostolic—these are Formosus and Damasus, bishops—to Duke Tassilo together with the envoys of domnus King Charles, by these names: Riculf the deacon and Eborhard, master of the cupbearers, to admonish and to contest/adjure, that he remember his ancient oaths and that he do nothing otherwise than as by oath long since he had promised to the party of domnus King Pippinus and domnus Charles the Great, king, and of the Franks. And then Tassilo, duke of the Bavarians, consented that, hostages having been taken by domnus King Charles, he would then come into his presence; which the aforesaid lord king did not refuse. And joining himself, the above-named duke, into the presence of the most pious king at the city of Worms, there renewing the oaths and giving twelve chosen hostages, that he would keep all things whatsoever he had promised by oath to domnus King Pippinus in the cause of the aforesaid domnus King Charles and of his fideles; and these hostages themselves were received at Carisiacum villa from the hand of Bishop Sinbert.

Sed non diu praefatus dux Tassilo promissiones, quas fecerat, conservavit.

But not for long did the aforesaid Duke Tassilo preserve the promises which he had made.

Et celebravit domnus gloriosus praedictus rex natalem Domini in supradicta villa Carisiacum et pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And the aforesaid glorious lord king celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the aforesaid villa of Carisiacum, and likewise Easter. And the number of the years changed into

[782] DCCLXXXII. Tunc domnus Carolus rex iter peragens, Renum transiens ad Coloniam et synodum tenuit, ubi Lippiae consurgit; ibique omnes Saxones venientes, excepto rebellis Widochindus. Etiam illuc convenerunt Nordmanni missi Sigifridi regis, id est Halptani cum sociis suis; similiter et Avari illuc convenerunt, missi a cagano et iugurro.

[782] 782. Then lord King Charles, making a journey, crossing the Rhine to Cologne, held a synod where the Lippe rises; and there all the Saxons came, except the rebellious Widukind. Likewise there assembled Northmen sent by King Sigfrid, that is, Halptan with his associates; similarly the Avars assembled there, sent by the khagan and the Jugurro.

Ibi peracto placito reversus est domnus Carolus rex in Franciam. Et cum reversus fuisset, statim iterum Saxones solito more rebellati sunt, suadente Widochindo. Et ignorante hoc domno Carolo rege, misit missos suos Adalgisum et Gailonem atque Woradum, ut moverent exercitum Francorum et Saxonum super Sclavos paucos, qui rebelles fuerant.

Ibi, with the placitum completed, lord Charles the king returned into Francia. And when he had returned, at once again the Saxons, in their accustomed manner, rebelled, with Widukind urging. And this being unknown to lord Charles the king, he sent his envoys Adalgisus and Gailo and Woradus, to raise the army of the Franks and the Saxons against a few Slavs who had been rebellious.

Et supranominati missi in via audientes, quod Saxones rebellati fuissent, coniungentes supradictam scaram, inruerunt super Saxones et nullum mandatum exinde fecerunt domno Carolo regi. Et commiserunt bellum cum Saxonibus; et fortiter pugnantes et multos Saxones interimentes victores extiterunt Franci. Et ceciderunt ibi duo ex ipsis *missis, Adalgisus et Gailo, in monte, qui dicitur Suntdal.

And the above-named envoys, hearing on the way that the Saxons had rebelled, joining the aforesaid scara, rushed upon the Saxons and did none of this by any command thereupon from Lord King Charles. And they engaged in battle with the Saxons; and, fighting bravely and slaying many Saxons, the Franks proved victors. And there fell there two of those *envoys, Adalgisus and Gailo, on the mountain which is called Suntdal.

Hoc audiens domnus Carolus rex una cum Francis, quos sub celeritate coniungere potuit, illuc perrexit et pervenit usque ad locum, ubi Alara confluit in Wisora. Tunc omnes Saxones iterum convenientes subdiderunt se sub potestate supradicti domni regis et reddiderunt omnes malefactores illos, qui ipsud rebellium maxime terminaverunt, ad occidendun IIIID; quod ita et factum est, excepto Widochindo, qui fuga lapsus est partibus Nordmanniae. Haec omnia peracta reversus est praefatus domnus rex in Francia.

Hearing this, lord King Charles, together with the Franks whom he was able to muster with speed, went thither and came to the place where the Alara flows together into the Wisora. Then all the Saxons, meeting again, subjected themselves under the power of the aforesaid lord king and handed over all those malefactors who had most brought about that rebellion, to be put to death 4500; which also was done, except for Widukind, who by flight slipped into the parts of Nordmannia. All these things accomplished, the aforesaid lord king returned into Francia.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in villa, quae dicitur Teodone-villa, et pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the villa which is called Teodone-villa, and Pascha likewise. And the number of years changed itself into

[783] DCCLXXXIII. Tunc obiit domna ac bene merita Hildegardis regina pridie Kal. Mai., quod evenit in die tunc in tempore vigilia ascensionis Domini.

[783] 783. Then the lady and well‑deserving Queen Hildegard died on the day before the Kalends of May, which happened on the day that was then the Vigil of the Lord’s Ascension.

Et domnus rex Carolus iter fecit partibus Saxoniae, eo quod Saxones iterum rebelles fuissent, et cum paucis Francis ad Theotmalli pervenit. Ibi Saxones praeparaverunt pugna in campo, qui viriliter domnus Carolus rex et Franci solito more super eos inruentes et Saxones terga vertentes; et Domino adiuvante Franci victores extiterunt, et cecidit ibi maxima multitudo Saxonum, ita ut pauci fugam evasissent. Et inde cum victoria venit suprascriptus gloriosus rex ad Paderbrunnen, ibi coniungens exercitum suum.

And the lord King Charles made a journey into the parts of Saxony, because the Saxons had again been rebellious, and with a few Franks he reached Theotmalli. There the Saxons prepared for battle in the field; and the lord King Charles and the Franks, in their customary manner rushing upon them, fought manfully, and the Saxons turned their backs; and, with the Lord helping, the Franks proved victors, and there fell a very great multitude of Saxons, so that few escaped in flight. And from there, with victory, the aforesaid glorious king came to Paderbrunnen, there joining his army.

Et perrexit, ubi iterum Saxones se coniunxerunt, ad fluvium, cuius vocabulum est Hasa. Ibi iterum pugna inita non minor numerus Saxonum ibi cecidit, et auxiliante Domino Franci victores extiterunt. Et iter peragens iamdictus domnus Wisoram fluvium transiit, ad Albiam fluvium usque pervenit; et inde reversus praefatus magnus rex in Franciam.

And he proceeded, where the Saxons had again joined themselves, to a river whose appellation is Hasa. There, battle being entered upon again, no smaller number of Saxons fell there, and, with the Lord aiding, the Franks proved victors. And, prosecuting the journey, the already-mentioned lord crossed the Wisora river, reached as far as the Albia river; and from there the aforesaid great king returned into France.

Et in eodem anno obiit bonae memoriae domna Berta regina IIII. Id. Iul. Et cum Wormatiam pervenisset domnus rex Carolus, sociavit sibi in matrimonium domna Fastradane regina.

And in the same year Lady Queen Bertha, of good memory, died on the 4th day before the Ides of July. And when Lord King Charles had reached Worms, he joined to himself in marriage Lady Fastrada as queen.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in villa, quae dicitur Haristallio, et pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the villa which is called Herstal, and likewise Easter. And the number of the years changed into

[784] DCCLXXXIIII. Et tunc rebellati sunt iterum Saxones solito more et cum eis pars aliqua Frisonum.

[784] 784. And then the Saxons rebelled again in the usual manner, and with them some part of the Frisians.

Tunc deinde domnus Carolus rex iter peragens Renum transiit ad Lippiaham et ingressus est Saxoniam circuiendo et vastando, usque quod pervenit ad Huculvi . Ibi consilio inito, eo quod nimium inundationes aquarum fuissent, ut per Toringiam de orientale parte introisset super Ostfalaos et filium suum domnum Carolum dimisisset una cum scara contra Westfalaos; quod et ita factum est. Domnus rex Carolus perrexit per Toringiam usque ad fluvium Albiam et inde ad Stagnfurd et inde ad Scahiningi; ibique conventionem factam reversus est in Franciam supradictus gloriosus rex.

Then thereafter lord King Charles, making a journey, crossed the Rhine to Lippiaham and entered Saxony, circling and devastating, until he arrived at Huculvi. There, counsel having been taken—because the inundations of waters had been excessive—a plan was adopted: that he should enter through Thuringia from the eastern side against the Eastphalians, and that he should send his son, lord Charles, together with a scara (detachment) against the Westphalians; and so it was done. Lord King Charles proceeded through Thuringia as far as the river Elbe and thence to Stagnfurd and thence to Scahiningi; and there, an agreement having been made, the aforesaid glorious king returned into France.

Westfalai vero voluerunt se congregare ad Lippiam. Quo audito a supradicto filio domni Caroli regis, obviam eis accessit una cum scara, quae cum eo dimissa fuit, in pago, qui dicitur Dragini, et inierunt bellum. Auxiliante Domino domnus Carolus, filius magni regis Caroli, victor extitit una cum Francis, multis Saxonibus interfectis; volente Deo inlesus remeavit ad genitorem suum in Wormatiam civitatem.

The Westphalians indeed wished to assemble at the Lippe. When this was heard by the aforesaid son of lord King Charles, he went to meet them together with the scara which had been left with him, in the district which is called Dragini, and they joined battle. With the Lord aiding, lord Charles, the son of the great king Charles, proved victor together with the Franks, many Saxons having been slain; by God’s will he returned unharmed to his father in the city of Worms.

Ibique inito consilio cum Francis, ut iterum hieme tempore iter fecisset supradictus domnus rex in Saxoniam; quod ita et factum est. Et celebravit natalem Domini iuxta Skidrioburg in pago Waizzagawi super fluvium Ambra in villa Liuhidi. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And there, counsel having been taken with the Franks, that again in the wintertime the aforesaid lord king would make a journey into Saxony; which also was done. And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord near Skidrioburg in the district Waizzagawi, on the river Ambra, in the villa Liuhidi. And the number of years changed into

[785] DCCLXXXV. Tunc domnus rex Carolus supradictum dictum iter peragens usque ad Rimee pervenit super fluvium Wisora, ubi confluit Waharna. Et propter nimiam inundationes aquarum inde reversus est Eresburgum ; uxorem suam domnam Fastradanem reginam una cum filiis et filiabus suis ad se venire iussit.

[785] 785. Then lord King Charles, carrying out the aforesaid march, came as far as Rimee upon the river Wisora, where the Waharna joins it in confluence. And on account of the excessive inundations of waters, from there he returned to Eresburg ; he ordered his wife, lady Queen Fastrada, together with his sons and daughters, to come to him.

Ibi tota hieme residens et ibi pascha iam fatus excellentissimus rex celebravit. Et dum ibi resideret, multotiens scaras misit et per semetipsum iter peregit; Saxones, qui rebelles fuerunt, depraedavit et castra cepit et loca eorum munita intervenit et vias mundavit, ut dum tempus congruum venisset. Sinodum vero publicum tenuit ad Paderbrunnen; et inde iter peragens vias apertas nemini contradicente per totam Saxoniam, quocumque voluit.

There, residing the whole winter, and there the already-mentioned most excellent king celebrated the Pasch. And while he was residing there, many times he sent out scarae and made journeys in his own person; he plundered the Saxons who were rebellious and took camps and forced his way into their fortified places and cleared the roads, so that when a fitting time should have come. He held, moreover, a public synod at Paderbrunnen; and from there, prosecuting the march with the roads open, no one gainsaying, through all Saxony, wherever he wished.

Et tunc in Bardengawi venit ibique mittens post Widochindum et Abbionem et utrosque ad se conduxit et firmavit, ut non se subtrahissent, nisi in Francia ad eum pervenissent; petentibus illis, ut credentias haberent, quod in*laesi fuissent, sicut et factum est. Tunc domnus Carolus rex reversus est in Franciam et mittens ad supradictos Widochindum et Abbionem obsides per missum suum Amalwinum; qui cum recepissent obsides, illos secum deducentes et coniunxerunt se ad Attiniacum villa ad domnum regem Carolum. Et ibi baptizati sunt supranominati Widochindus et Abbi una cum sociis eorum; et tunc tota Saxonia subiugata est.

And then he came into the Bardengau, and there, sending after Widukind and Abbo, he brought them both to himself and secured that they would not withdraw themselves until they had come to him in Francia; upon their petition that they should have guarantees that they would be unharmed, as indeed came to pass. Then lord King Charles returned into Francia and, sending to the aforesaid Widukind and Abbo hostages through his envoy Amalwinus; who, when they had received the hostages, leading them with them, joined themselves at the villa of Attigny to lord King Charles. And there the above-named Widukind and Abbo were baptized together with their companions; and then all Saxony was subjugated.

Et in eadem villa celebravit saepedictus gloriosus rex natalem Domini et pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And in the same villa the oft-mentioned glorious king celebrated the Nativity of the Lord and likewise Easter. And the number of the years changed itself into

[786] DCCLXXXVI. Tunc domnus Carolus rex misit exercitum suum partibus Brittaniae una cum misso suo Audulfo sinescalco; et ibi multos Brittones conquesierunt una cum castellis et firmitates eorum locis palustribus seu et in caesis. Et sicut supra diximus, in multis firmitatibus Brittonum praevaluerunt Franci et cum victoria Domino volente reversi sunt et capitaneos eorum ad synodum repraesentabant supradicto domno rege in Wormatiam.

[786] 786. Then lord King Charles sent his army into the parts of Brittany together with his envoy Audulf the seneschal; and there they conquered many Britons along with their castles and fortifications, both in marshy places and in the clearings. And, as we said above, in many strongholds of the Britons the Franks prevailed, and, by the Lord’s will, returned with victory, and they presented their captains at a synod to the aforesaid lord king at Worms.

Tunc domnus rex Carolus praespiciens, se ex omni parte Deo largiente pacem habere, sumpsit consilium orationis causae ad limina beatorum apostolorum iter peragendi et causas Italicas disponendi, et cum missis imperatoris placitum habendi de convenentiis eorum; quod ita factum est. Tunc suprascriptus domnus rex natalem Domini celebravit in Florentia civitate. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

Then the lord King Charles, perceiving that, with God granting, he had peace on every side, took counsel to carry out a journey for the cause of prayer to the thresholds of the blessed apostles and to arrange Italian causes, and to hold an assembly with the emperor’s envoys about their agreements; which was thus done. Then the aforesaid lord king celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the city of Florence. And the number of years changed itself into

[787] DCCLXXXVII. Tunc domnus rex Carolus supradicto itinere ita peragens Romam venit et valde honorifice a domno apostolico Adriano receptus est; et aliquod dies ibi moratus est cum domno apostolico. Et Arighis dux Beneventanus misit Romaldum filium suum cum magnis muneribus, postolare de adventu iamdicti domni regis, ut in Benevento non introisset, et omnes voluntates praefati domni regis adimplere cupiebat.

[787] 787. Then lord King Charles, thus prosecuting the aforesaid journey, came to Rome and was received very honorably by the apostolic lord Adrian; and he tarried there for some days with the apostolic lord. And Arechis, the Beneventan duke, sent his son Romuald with great gifts, to petition concerning the arrival of the already-said lord king, that he might not enter into Benevento, and he desired to fulfill all the wishes of the aforesaid lord king.

Sed hoc minime apostolicus credebat neque obtimates Francorum, et consilium fecerunt cum supranominato domno Carolo rege, ut partibus Beneventanis causas firmando advenisset; quod ita factum est. Et dum Capuam venisset, Areghisus dux reliquid Beneventum civitatem et in Salernum se reclusit; et timore perterritus non fuit ausus per semet ipsum faciem domni regis Caroli videre. Sed mittens missos et ambos filios suos proferens, id est Rumaldum, quem domnus Carolus rex secum habebat, et Grimoaldum, quem supradictus Areghis secum retinebat; et offerens multa munera et alios obsides, ut petitionem eius obtemperasset.

But this the Apostolic did not at all believe, nor the Optimates of the Franks, and they took counsel with the above-named lord King Charles that he should come to the Beneventan parts, confirming the affairs; which was so done. And when he had come to Capua, Duke Arechis left the city of Beneventum and shut himself up in Salerno; and, terrified with fear, he did not dare by himself to behold the face of the lord King Charles. But sending envoys and bringing forward both his sons, that is, Rumald, whom lord King Charles had with him, and Grimoald, whom the aforesaid Arechis was keeping with himself; and offering many gifts and other hostages, in order that he might comply with his petition.

Tunc domnus ac gloriosus Carolus rex praespexit una cum sacerdotibus vel ceteris obtimatibus suis, ut non terra deleretur illa et episcopia vel monasteria non desertarentur, elegit XII obsides et tertium decimum filium supradicti ducis nomine Grimoaldum . Et accepta munera iuraverunt omnes Beneventani, tam supradictus dux quam et Rumaldus. Et reversus est sepenominatus piissimus rex et celebravit pascha cum domno apostolico in Roma.

Then the lord and glorious King Charles made provision together with the priests and his other optimates, that that land not be destroyed and that the bishoprics and monasteries not be deserted; he chose 12 hostages, and as the 13th the son of the aforesaid duke, by name Grimoald. And, the gifts having been received, all the Beneventans swore, both the aforesaid duke and Rumaldus. And the oft-named most pious king returned and celebrated the Pasch with the lord apostolic in Rome.

Ibique venientes missi Tassiloni ducis, hii sunt Arnus episcopus et Hunricus abba, et petierunt apostolicum, ut pacem terminaret inter domnum Carolum regem et Tassilonem ducem. Unde et domnus apostolicus multum se interponens, postolando iamdicto domno rege. Et ipse domnus rex respondit apostolico, hoc se voluisse et per multa tempora quaesisse, et minime invenire potuit; et proferebat statim fieri.

And there the envoys of Duke Tassilo came—these are Arno the bishop and Hunricus the abbot—and they petitioned the apostolic to terminate peace between lord King Charles and Duke Tassilo. Whereupon the lord apostolic, greatly interposing himself, by petitioning the already-said lord king. And the lord king himself replied to the apostolic that this he had wished and had sought for many times, and by no means could he find it; and he was proposing that it be done at once.

Et voluit supradictus domnus rex in praesentia domni apostolici cum ipsis missis pacem firmare; et rennuentibus supradictis missis, quia non ausi fuissent de eorum parte ullam firmitatem facere. Apostolicus vero cum cognovisset de instabilitate vel mendatia eorum, statim supra ducem eorum vel suis consentaneis anathema posuit, si ipse sacramenta, quae promiserat domno Pippino regi et domno Carolo itemque regi, non adimplesset. Et obtestans supradictos missos, ut contestarent Tassilonem, ut non aliter fecisset, nisi in omnibus oboediens fuisset domno regi Carolo et filiis eius ac genti Francorum, ut ne forte sanguinis effusio provenisset vel lesio terrae illius; et si ipse dux obdurato corde verbis supradicti apostolici minime oboedire voluisset, tunc domnus Carolus rex et suus exercitus absoluti fuissent ab omni periculo peccati, et quicquid in ipsa terra factum eveniebat in incendiis aut in homicidiis vel in qualecumque malitia, ut hoc super Tassilonem et eius consentaneis evenisset et domnus rex Carolus ac Franci innoxii ab omni culpa exinde permansissent.

And the aforesaid lord king wished in the presence of the lord apostolic to make firm peace with those same envoys; but when the aforesaid envoys refused, saying they did not dare on their part to make any firmness, the apostolic, when he had recognized their instability and lies, immediately set an anathema upon their duke and upon his consenters, if he should not fulfill the oaths which he had promised to lord King Pippin and likewise to lord King Charles. And adjuring the aforesaid envoys, that they should warn Tassilo to do otherwise in no respect, but in all things to be obedient to lord King Charles and his sons and to the nation of the Franks, lest perhaps a shedding of blood should ensue or an injury to that land; and if the duke, with a hardened heart, should be unwilling to obey the words of the aforesaid apostolic, then lord Charles the king and his army would be absolved from every peril of sin, and whatever in that land happened to be done in burnings or in homicides or in any sort of malice, that this should fall upon Tassilo and his consenters, and lord King Charles and the Franks should remain guiltless of all blame therefrom.

Haec verba expleta, missi Tassiloni absoluti sunt. Et tunc in invicem sibi domnus apostolicus atque domnus gloriosus rex Carolus valedicentes, benedictione adsumpta oratione peracta Franciam iamdictus praecelsus rex reversus est.

With these words completed, Tassilo’s envoys were absolved. And then, the lord apostolic and the glorious lord king Charles, bidding farewell to one another, the blessing having been received and the prayer completed, the aforesaid most-exalted king returned to Francia.

Et pervenit idem mitissimus rex ad coniugem suam domna Fastradane regina in civitate Wormatia; et ibi ad invicem gaudentes et laetificantes ac Dei misericordiam conlaudantes. Synodum namque congregavit suprascriptus domnus rex ad eandem civitatem; sacerdotibus suis et aliis obtimatibus nuntiavit, qualiter omnia in itinere suo peragebantur. Et cum venisset ad hoc locum, quod omnia explanasset de parte Tassilonis, sicut actum erat, tunc prespiciens idem rex, ut missos mitteret, et iussit Tassiloni, ut omnia adimpleret secundum iussionem apostolici, vel sicut iustitia erat: eo quod sub iureiurando promissum habebat, ut in omnibus oboediens et fidelis fuisset domno rege Carolo et filiis eius vel Francis et veniret ad eius praesentiam; quod rennuit et venire contempsit.

And the same most gentle king came to his consort, Lady Queen Fastradane, in the city of Worms; and there, rejoicing and making glad together and co-praising the mercy of God. For the aforesaid lord king convened a synod in that same city; he announced to his priests and other optimates how all things were being transacted on his journey. And when he had come to this point, that he had explained everything on the part of Tassilo, as it had been done, then the same king, looking ahead to send envoys, also ordered Tassilo to fulfill everything according to the injunction of the Apostolic, or as justice was: on the ground that he had a promise under oath, that in all things he should have been obedient and faithful to lord King Charles and his sons and to the Franks, and should come into his presence; which he refused, and he scorned to come.

Tunc domnus rex Carolus una cum Francis videns iustitiam suam, iter coepit peragere partibus Baioariae cum exercitu suo, et per semet *ipsum venit in loco, ubi Lechfeld vocatur, super civitatem Augustam. Et iussit alium exercitum fieri, id est Franci Austrasiorum, Toringi, Saxones, et coniungere super Danubium fluvium in loco, qui dicitur Faringa. Et tertium exercitum iussit fieri partibus Italiae, ut domnus Pippinus rex venisset usque ad Trianto cum exercitu suo et ipse ibi maneret et exercitum suum pleniter in ante mitteret usque ad Bauzanum.

Then Lord King Charles, together with the Franks, seeing to his justice, began to carry out the march into the parts of Bavaria with his army, and by *himself* he came to the place which is called Lechfeld, above the city of Augsburg. And he ordered another army to be formed, that is, the Austrasian Franks, the Thuringians, the Saxons, and to join upon the river Danube at the place which is called Faringa. And a third army he ordered to be formed in the parts of Italy, that Lord Pippin the king should come as far as Trent with his army and that he himself should remain there and send his army fully ahead as far as Bauzanum.

Tunc praespiciens se Tassilo ex omni parte esse circumdatum et videns, quod omnes Baioarii plus essent fideles domno rege Carolo quam ei et cognovissent iustitiam iamdicti domni regis et magis voluissent iustitiam consentire quam contrarii esse, undique constrictus Tassilo venit per semetipsum, tradens se manibus in manibus domni regis Caroli in vassaticum et reddens ducatum sibi commissum a domno Pippino rege, et recredidit se in omnibus peccasse et male egisse. Tunc denuo renovans sacramenta et dedit obsides electos XII et tertium decimum filium suum Theodonem. Receptis obsidibus vel sacramenta tunc reversus est praefatus gloriosus rex in Franciam.

Then, foreseeing that he, Tassilo, was surrounded on every side and seeing that all the Bavarians were more faithful to lord King Charles than to him, and had recognized the justice of the already-mentioned lord king and wished rather to consent to justice than to be contrary, constrained from every quarter Tassilo came in his own person, placing his hands within the hands of lord King Charles into vassalage, and returning the duchy entrusted to him by lord King Pippin, and he acknowledged that in all things he had sinned and acted ill. Then, renewing the oaths anew, he gave chosen hostages, 12, and as the thirteenth his son Theodo. Having received the hostages and the oaths, then the aforesaid glorious king returned to France.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in villa, quae dicitur Ingilenhaim, similiter et pascha. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the villa that is called Ingilenhaim, and likewise Easter. And the number of years was changed into

[788] DCCLXXXVIII. Tunc domnus rex Carolus congregans synodum ad iamdictam villam Ingilenhaim, ibique veniens Tassilo ex iussione domni regis, sicut et ceteri eius vassi; et coeperunt fideles Baioarii dicere, quod Tassilo fidem suam salvam non haberet, nisi postea fraudulens apparuit, postquam filium suum dedit cum aliis obsidibus et sacramenta, suadente uxore sua Liutbergane. Quod et Tassilo denegare non potuit, sed confessus est postea ad Avaros transmisisse, vassos supradicti domni regis ad se adortasse et in vitam eorum consiliasse; et homines suos, quando iurabant, iubebat, ut aliter in mente retinerent et sub dolo iurarent; et quid magis, confessus est se dixisse, etiamsi decem filios haberet, omnes voluisset perdere, antequam placita sic manerent vel stabile permitteret, sicut iuratum habuit; et etiam dixit, melius se mortuum esse quam ita vivere.

[788] 788. Then lord king Charles, convening a synod at the already-named villa Ingilenhaim, and there came Tassilo by order of the lord king, as also his other vassals; and the faithful Bavarians began to say that Tassilo did not have his faith intact, since later he appeared fraudulent, after he had given his son with other hostages and oaths, at the urging of his wife Liutberga. This also Tassilo could not deny, but confessed that afterwards he had sent to the Avars, that he had set upon the vassals of the aforesaid lord king and had plotted against their lives; and he used to order his men, when they swore, to keep otherwise in mind and to swear under guile; and what is more, he confessed that he had said that, even if he had ten sons, he would have wished to lose them all, before the terms should thus remain or he should permit them to be stable, as he had sworn; and he also said it was better for him to be dead than to live thus.

Et de haec omnia conprobatus, Franci et Baioarii, Langobardi et Saxones, vel ex omnibus provinciis, qui ad eundem synodum congregati fuerunt, reminiscentes priorum malorum eius, et quomodo domnum Pippinum regem in exercitu derelinquens et ibi, quod theodisca lingua harisliz dicitur, visi sunt iudicasse eundem Tassilonem ad mortem. Sed dum omnes una voce adclamarent capitale eum ferire sententiam, iamdictus domnus Carolus piissimus rex motus misericordia ab amorem Dei, et quia consanguineus eius erat, contenuit ab ipsis Dei ac suis fidelibus, ut non moriretur. Et interrogatus a iamfato clementissimo domno rege praedictus Tassilo, quid agere voluisset; ille vero postolavit, ut licentiam haberet sibi tonsorandi et in monasterio introeundi et pro tantis peccatis paenitentiam agendi et ut suam salvaret animam.

And, with all these things proven, the Franks and Bavarians, the Langobards and the Saxons, and men from all the provinces who had gathered to the same synod, recalling his former evils, and how, abandoning lord King Pippin in the campaign and there committing what in the Teutonic tongue is called harisliz, were seen to have judged that same Tassilo to death. But while all with one voice were acclaiming to strike him with the capital sentence, the aforesaid lord Charles, most pious king, moved by mercy out of love for God, and because he was his kinsman, held back God’s faithful and his own, that he not die. And when asked by the already-mentioned most clement lord king what he wished to do, the aforesaid Tassilo petitioned that he might have leave to be tonsured and to enter a monastery and to do penance for such great sins, and that he might save his soul.

Similiter et filius eius Theodo deiudicatus est et tonsoratus et in monasterio missus, et pauci Baioarii, qui in adversitate domni regis Caroli perdurare voluerant, missi sunt in exilio.

Similarly also his son Theodo was adjudged and tonsured and sent into a monastery, and the few Bavarians who had wished to persist in the adversity (opposition) of the lord king Charles were sent into exile.

Eodem*que anno commissum est bellum inter Grecos et Langobardos, id est duce Spolitino nomine Hildebrando seu duce Grimaldo, quem domnus rex Carolus posuit ducem super Beneventanos; et fuit missus Wineghisus una cum paucis Francis, ut praevideret eorum omnia, quae gessissent. Et auxiliante Domino victoria est facta a Francis seu supranominatis Langobardis. Idem similiter et alia pugna commissa est inter Avaros in loco, cuius vocabulum est . . . ., et Francis, qui in Italia commanere videntur; opitulante Domino victoriam obtinuerunt Franci, et Avari cum contumelia reversi sunt, fuga lapsi sine victoria.

And in the same year war was joined between the Greeks and the Lombards, that is, the duke of Spoleto named Hildebrand, or Duke Grimoald, whom lord King Charles appointed duke over the Beneventans; and Wineghisus was sent together with a few Franks, to oversee all their doings. And with the Lord aiding, victory was achieved by the Franks and the above-named Lombards. Likewise, another battle was joined between the Avars at a place whose name is . . . ., and the Franks, who seem to be remaining in Italy; with the Lord helping, the Franks obtained the victory, and the Avars returned with contumely, having fallen into flight without victory.

Tertia pugna commissa est inter Baioarios et Avaros in campo Ibose, et fuerunt ibi missi domni regis Caroli Grahamannus et Audaccrus cum aliquibus Francis; Domino auxiliante victoria fuit Francorum seu Baioariorum. Et ista omnia supradictus dux Tassilo seu malivola uxor eius, Liutberga Deo odibilis, per fraudem consiliaverunt, Quarta pugna fuit commissa ab Avaris, qui voluerunt vindictam peragere contra Baioarios. Ibi similiter fuerunt missi domni regis Caroli, et Domino protegente victoria christianorum aderat.

The third battle was engaged between the Bavarians and the Avars on the field of Ibose, and there were sent by lord King Charles Grahamannus and Audaccrus with some Franks; with the Lord aiding, the victory was the Franks’ or the Bavarians’. And all these things the aforesaid duke Tassilo, or rather his malevolent wife, Liutberga, hateful to God, contrived by fraud. The fourth battle was engaged by the Avars, who wished to prosecute vengeance against the Bavarians. There likewise were sent men of lord King Charles, and, with the Lord protecting, the victory of the Christians was present.

Avari fugam incipientes, multa stragia ibidem facta est occidendo, et alii in Danubio fluvio vitam necando emiserunt.

The Avars, beginning their flight, there much slaughter was wrought by killing, and others in the Danube River gave up their lives by drowning.

Post haec omnia domnus rex Carolus per semet ipsum ad Reganesburg pervenit et ibi fines vel marcas Baioariorum disposuit, quomodo salvas Domino protegente contra iamdictos Avaros esse potuissent. Inde vero reversus celebravit natalem Domini in Aquis palatio, pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

After all these things lord King Charles came in his own person to Reganesburg, and there he arranged the borders or marches of the Bavarians, how, with the Lord protecting, they might be safe against the already-mentioned Avars. Thence indeed, returning, he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the palace at Aachen, likewise Easter. And the number of years changed itself into

[789] DCCLXXXVIIII. Inde iter permotum partibus Sclavaniae, quorum vocabulum est Wilze, Domino adiuvante; et una cum consilio Francorum et Saxonum perrexit Renum ad Coloniam transiens per Saxoniam, usque ad Albiam fluvium venit ibique duos pontes construxit, quorum uno ex utroque capite castellum ex ligno et terra aedificavit. Exinde promotus in ante, Domino largiente supradictos Sclavos sub suo dominio conlocavit.

[789] 789. Thence a march was set in motion into the parts of Sclavinia, whose appellation is the Wilze, with the Lord aiding; and, together with the counsel of the Franks and the Saxons, he proceeded to the Rhine to Cologne, passing through Saxony, came as far as the river Elbe, and there he constructed two bridges, on one of which he built, at each end, a fort of wood and earth. Thence, advanced forward, with the Lord bountifully granting, he placed the aforesaid Slavs under his dominion.

Et fuerunt cum eo in eodem exercitu Franci, Saxones; Frisiones autem navigio per Habola fluvium cum quibusdam Francis ad eum coniunxerunt. Fuerunt etiam Sclavi cum eo, quorum vocabula sunt Suurbi, nec non et Abotriti, quorum princeps fuit Witzan. Ibique obsides receptos, sacramenta conplurima, Domino perducente Franciam pervenit.

And with him in the same army were Franks and Saxons; the Frisians, however, by ship along the river Habola, together with certain Franks, joined themselves to him. There were also Slavs with him, whose names are the Suurbi, and likewise the Abotriti, whose prince was Witzan. And there hostages were received, and very many oaths; with the Lord guiding, he reached Francia.

Et celebravit natalem Domini in Wormatia, pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in Worms, Easter likewise. And the number of years changed itself into

[790] DCCXC. In sequenti vero anno nullum fecit iter, sed ibi in iam dicta civitate iterum natalem Domini celebravit, pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

[790] 790. In the following year indeed he undertook no expedition, but there in the already-mentioned city he again celebrated the Nativity of the Lord, Pascha likewise. And the number of the years changed into

[791] DCCXCI. Inde autem itinere permoto partibus Baioariae perrexit, ad Reganesburg pervenit, ibi exercitum suum coniunxit. Ibique consilio peracto Francorum, Saxonum, Frisonum, disposuerunt propter nimiam malitiam et intollerabilem, quam fecerunt Avari contra sanctam ecclesiam vel populum christianum, unde iustitias per missos impetrare non valuerunt, iter peragendi; cum Dei adiutorio partibus iamdictis Avarorum perrexerunt.

[791] 791. Thence, however, the journey being set in motion toward the parts of Bavaria, he proceeded and came to Regensburg; there he joined his army. And there, a council of the Franks, Saxons, and Frisians having been completed, they resolved, on account of the excessive and intolerable malice which the Avars committed against the holy church and the Christian people—on which account they were not able to obtain justices through envoys—to undertake a campaign; with God’s help they advanced into the already-mentioned parts of the Avars.

Ad Anisam vero fluvium properantes ibi constituerunt laetanias faciendi per triduo missarumque sollemnia celebrandi; Dei solatium postulaverunt pro salute exercitus et adiutorio domini nostri Iesu Christi et pro victoria et vindicta super Avaros. Supradictus vero princeps de australi parte Danubio iter peragens, Saxones autem cum quibusdam Francis et maxime plurima Frisonum de aquilonale parte Danubii similiter iter peragentes, ubi ad loca pervenerunt, ubi iamdicti Avari firmitates habuerunt praeparatas: de australi vero parte Danubii ad Cumeoberg, de alia vero ripa in loco, qui dicitur Camp, quia sic nominatur ille fluvius, qui ibi confluit in Danubio. Avari enim cum vidissent utrasque ripas exercitum continentes et navigia per medium fluvium venientes, a Domino eis terror pervenit: dereliquerunt eorum loca munita, quae supra nominata sunt, firmitatesque eorum vel machinationes dimiserunt fuga lapsi; Christo perducente populo suo utrosque exercitus sine laesione introduxit.

Hastening to the river Anisa, there they established that litanies be performed for a three-day period and the solemnities of masses be celebrated; they asked God’s solace for the safety of the army and the aid of our Lord Jesus Christ, and for victory and vengeance over the Avars. But the above-mentioned prince, making the journey on the southern side of the Danube, while the Saxons with certain Franks and most of all many Frisians were likewise making the journey on the northern side of the Danube, came to the places where the aforesaid Avars had their fortifications prepared: on the southern side of the Danube at Cumeoberg, and on the other bank at the place which is called Camp, because thus is named that river which there flows into the Danube. For when the Avars saw both banks occupied by the army and boats coming through the middle of the river, a terror from the Lord came upon them: they abandoned their fortified places, which were named above, and left their fortifications and engines, slipping away in flight; with Christ leading His people, He brought both armies in without harm.

Supradictus exercitus sic iter peragens usque ad fluvium, cuius vocabulum est Raba; et exinde uterque exercitus de ambobus ripis ad propria reversi sunt, magnificantes Deum de tanta victoria.

The aforesaid army thus prosecuting the journey up to the river whose name is Raba; and from there each army from both banks returned to their own homes, magnifying God for so great a victory.

Et celebravit domnus rex Carolus natalem Domini in Reganesburg, pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And lord king Charles celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in Regensburg, Easter likewise. And the number of years changed into

[792] DCCXCII. Natalem Domini et pascha in Reganesburg. Heresis Feliciana primo ibi condempnata est; quem Angilbertus ad praesentiam Adriani apostolici adduxit, et confessione facta suam heresim iterum abdicavit.

[792] 792. The Nativity of the Lord and Easter in Reganesburg. The Felician heresy was there first condemned; whom Angilbert led into the presence of Pope Hadrian, and, a confession having been made, he again abnegated his heresy.

Eodem anno nullum iter exercitale factum est. Pons super navigia flumina transeuntia factus est, anchoris et funibus ita coherens, ut iungi et dissolvi possit.

In the same year no military march was undertaken. A bridge was constructed upon vessels crossing the rivers, so cohering with anchors and ropes that it could be joined and taken apart.

Ibi natalem Domini, ibi pascha celebratum est. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

There the Nativity of the Lord, there Easter was celebrated. And the number of years changed in

[793] DCCXCIII. Rex autumnali tempore de Reganesburg iter navigio faciens usque ad fossatum magnum inter Alcmana et Radantia pervenit, ibique missi apostolici cum magnis muneribus praesentati sunt. Ibi missus nuntiavit Saxones iterum fidem suam fefellisse.

[793] 793. The king, in the autumnal season, making a journey by boat from Regensburg, came as far as the great fosse between Alcmana and Radantia, and there apostolic envoys were presented with great gifts. There a messenger announced that the Saxons had again betrayed their faith.

Inde per Radantia in Mohin navali iter peragens, natalem Domini celebravit ad sanctum Chilianum in Wirzinburg. Et inmutatus est numerus annorum in

Thence, proceeding by a naval journey through the Radantia into the Mohin, he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord at Saint Kilian in Würzburg. And the number of years was changed into

[794] DCCXCIIII. Pascha celebratum est in Franconofurt; ibique congregata est synodus magna episcoporum Galliarum, Germanorum, Italorum in praesentia iamfati principis et missorum domni apostolici Adriani, quorum nomina haec sunt, Theofilactus et Stephanus episcopi. Ibi tertio condempnata est heresis Feliciana, quam dampnationem per auctoritatem sanctorum patrum in libro conscripserunt, quem librum omnes sacerdotes manibus propriis subscripserunt.

[794] 794. Easter was celebrated in Franconofurt; and there a great synod of the bishops of Gaul, Germany, and Italy was gathered in the presence of the aforesaid prince and of the envoys of lord apostolic Adrian, whose names are these, Theophylactus and Stephen, bishops. There for the third time the Felician heresy was condemned, which condemnation they wrote into a book by the authority of the holy fathers, which book all the priests subscribed with their own hands.

Ibi obiit Fastrada regina et in sancto Albano honorifice sepulta est. Pseudosynodus Grecorum, quam falso septimam vocabant, pro adorandis imaginibus fecerunt, reiecta est a pontificibus.

There Queen Fastrada died, and at Saint Alban she was honorably buried. The pseudo-synod of the Greeks, which they falsely called the seventh, held for the adoration of images, was rejected by the pontiffs.

Inde motus est exercitus partibus Saxoniae per duas turmas: in unam fuit domnus Carolus gloriosissimus rex; in aliam misit domnum Carolum nobilissimum filium suum per Coloniam. Saxones autem congregantes se in campo, qui dicitur Sinistfelt, praeparantes se quasi ad pugnam; cum vero audissent se ex duabus partibus esse circumdatos, dissipavit Deus consilia eorum, et quamvis fraudulenter et christianos se et fideles domno regi fore promiserunt. Rex ad palatium, quod Aquis vocatur, rediit ibique natalem Domini celebravit et pascha. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

Thence the army was moved into the parts of Saxony in two troops: in the one was lord Charles, the most glorious king; into the other he sent lord Charles, his most noble son, by way of Cologne. But the Saxons, gathering themselves in a field which is called Sinistfelt, preparing themselves as if for battle; when, however, they heard that they were surrounded from two sides, God scattered their counsels; and although fraudulently they promised that they would be both Christians and faithful to the lord king. The king returned to the palace which is called Aachen, and there he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord and Easter. And the number of years changed into

[795] DCCXCV. In quo etiam rex venit ad locum, qui dicitur Cuffinstang, in suburbium Mogontiacensis urbis, et tenuit ibi placitum suum. Audiens vero, quod Saxones more solito promissionem suam, quam de habenda christianitate et fide regis tenenda fecerant, irritam fecissent, cum exercitu in Saxoniam ingressus est et usque ad fluvium Albim pervenit ad locum, qui dicitur Hliuni; in quo tunc Witzin Abodritorum rex a Saxonibus occisus est.

[795] 795. In which also the king came to the place which is called Cuffinstang, in the suburb of the city of Mainz, and held his court there. Hearing, moreover, that the Saxons, in their customary manner, had made void their promise which they had made concerning holding Christianity and keeping faith with the king, he entered Saxony with the army and came as far as the river Elbe to the place called Hliuni; in which then Witzin, king of the Abodrites, was slain by the Saxons.

Ibi etiam venerant missi tudun, qui in gente et regno Avarorum magnam potestatem habebat; qui dixerunt, quod idem tudun cum terra et populo suo se regi dedere vellet et eius ordinatione christianam fidem suscipere vellet.

There also had come the envoys of the tudun, who held great power among the people and the kingdom of the Avars; who said that this same tudun wished to surrender himself with his land and his people to the king, and by his ordination to receive the Christian faith.

Rex vero afflictis magna ex parte Saxonibus eorumque terra vastata acceptisque eorum obsidibus in Gallias rediit et in palatio, qui vocatur Aquis, natalem Domini celebravit et pascha similiter. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

However, the king, with the Saxons for the most part afflicted and their land laid waste, and their hostages received, returned into Gaul, and in the palace which is called Aquis he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord and Easter likewise. And the number of the years changed itself into

[796] DCCXCVI. Adrianus papa obiit, et Leo, mox ut in locum eius successit, misit legatos cum muneribus ad regem; claves etiam confessionis sancti Petri et vexillum Romanae urbis eidem direxit. Sed et Heiricus dux Foroiulensis missis hominibus suis cum Wonomyro Sclavo in Pannonias hringum gentis Avarorum longis retro temporibus quietum, civili bello fatigatis inter se principibus, spoliavit, - chagan sive iuguro intestina clade addictis et a suis occisis - thesaurum priscorum regum multa seculorum prolixitate collectum domno regi Carolo ad Aquis palatium misit.

[796] 796. Pope Adrian died, and Leo, as soon as he succeeded into his place, sent legates with gifts to the king; he also sent to him the keys of the Confession of Saint Peter and the vexillum of the Roman city. But Heiric, duke of Forum Iulii, having sent his men with Wonomyr the Slav into the Pannonias, despoiled the hring of the nation of the Avars, long quiet in times past, the princes being wearied among themselves by civil war, - the khagan and the iugur, condemned to internal carnage and killed by their own men - and he sent the treasure of the former kings, amassed through the long stretch of many ages, to lord King Charles at the palace at Aquis.

Quo accepto peracta Deo largitori omnium bonorum gratiarum actione idem vir prudentissimus atque largissimus et Dei dispensator magnam inde partem Romam ad limina apostolorum misit per Angilbertum dilectum abbatem suum; porro reliquam partem obtimatibus, clericis sive laicis, ceterisque fidelibus suis largitus est.

When this had been received, thanksgiving having been rendered to God, the Largitor of all goods, that same man, most prudent and most generous, and steward of God, sent a great part thereof to Rome to the thresholds of the Apostles through Angilbert, his beloved abbot; moreover, he bestowed the remaining part upon the optimates, clerics as well as laymen, and his other faithful.

In eodem anno tudun secundum pollicitationem suam cum magna parte Avarorum ad regem venit, se cum populo suo et patria regi dedit; ipse et populus baptizatus est, et honorifice muneribus donati redierunt.

In the same year the tudun, according to his promise, came to the king with a great part of the Avars; he gave himself with his people and homeland to the king; he himself and the people were baptized, and, honorably presented with gifts, they returned.

Rex collectis exercitibus suis Saxoniam ingressus est, filium suum Pippinum regem Italiae in Pannonias cum exercitu misso. Cuius legationes ad eum in eadem Saxonia venerunt, una, quae dixit occurrisse ei kagan cum ceteris optimatibus, quem sibi Avares post interfectionem priorum constituerunt; altera, quae dixit Pippino cum exercitu suo in hringo sedere. Et domnus rex peragrata Saxonia cum integro exercitu suo in Gallias se recepit et in Aquis palatio filium suum Pippinum e Pannonia redeuntem et partem thesauri, quae remanserat, adducentem laetus aspexit.

The king, his armies having been gathered, entered Saxony, having sent his son Pippin, king of Italy, with an army into the Pannonias. Embassies from him came to him in that same Saxony: one, which said that the Khagan, with the other optimates, had met him—the one whom the Avars had appointed for themselves after the killing of the former; the other, which said that Pippin with his army was sitting in the Ring. And the lord king, Saxony traversed, withdrew with his whole army into Gaul, and at Aachen, at the palace, he joyfully beheld his son Pippin returning from Pannonia and bringing the part of the treasury which had remained.

Atque ibidem natalem Domini ac pascha celebravit. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And there in the same place he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord and the Pasch. And the number of the years altered itself into

[797] DCCXCVII. Barcinona civitas Hispaniae, quae iam pridem a nobis desciverat, per Zatun praefectum ipsius nobis est reddita. Nam ipse ad palatium veniens domno regi semetipsum cum civitate commendavit.

[797] 797. Barcelona, a city of Spain, which had long since seceded from us, was restored to us through Zatun, its prefect. For he, coming to the palace, commended himself with the city to the lord king.

Expeditio facta in Saxoniam, et usque ad oceanum trans omnes paludes et invia loca transitum est; et rex de Haduloha regressus - hoc enim loco nomen, ubi oceanus Saxoniam alluit - tota Saxonum gente in deditionem per obsides accepta trans Renum in Gallias reversus est.

An expedition was made into Saxony, and a crossing was effected as far as the ocean through all the marshes and pathless places; and the king, having returned from Haduloha - for this is the name of the place where the ocean washes Saxony - with the whole nation of the Saxons received into surrender by hostages, returned across the Rhine into the Gauls.

Et in Aquis palatio Abdellam Sarracenum filium Ibin-Mauge regis, qui a fratre regno pulsus in Mauritania exulabat, ipso semetipsum cominendante suscepit. Illuc et legatus Nicetae, qui tunc Siciliam regebat, nomine Theoctistus venit imperatoris epistolam portans; quem magnifice suscipiens post paucos dies absolvit.

And at Aachen, at the palace, he received Abdella, a Saracen, son of King Ibin-Mauge, who, driven from the kingdom by his brother, was in exile in Mauretania, he himself commending himself. Thither too came the legate of Nicetas, who at that time governed Sicily, named Theoctistus, bearing the emperor’s epistle; whom, receiving magnificently, he dismissed after a few days.

Et Novembrio mense mediante ad hibernandum cum exercitu Saxoniam intravit positisque castris apud Wisoram fluvium locum castrorum Heristelli vocari iussit. Illuc legati gentis Avarorum cum muneribus magnis venerunt. Inde Abdellam Sarracenum cum filio suo Hludowico in Hispanias reverti fecit et filium suum Pippinum ad Italiam misit; ipse ad disponendam Saxoniam totum hiemis tempus inpendens ibi natalem Domini, ibi pascha celebravit. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And with the month of November at its mid, for wintering with the army he entered Saxony, and, the camp having been pitched by the river Weser, he ordered the place of the camp to be called Heristal. Thither envoys of the nation of the Avars came with great gifts. Thence he caused Abdella the Saracen with his son Louis to return to the Spains, and he sent his son Pippin to Italy; he himself, devoting the whole winter-time to the ordering of Saxony, there celebrated the Nativity of the Lord, there Easter. And the number of years changed into

[798] DCCXCVIII. Venit etiam et legatus Hadefonsi regis Galleciae et Asturiae, nomine Froia, papilionem mirae pulchritudinis praesentans.

[798] 798. There also came the legate of King Alfonso of Galicia and Asturias, named Froia, presenting a pavilion of marvelous beauty.

Sed in ipso paschae tempore Nordliudi trans Albim sedentes seditione commota legatos regios, qui tunc ad iustitias faciendas apud eos conversabantur, conprehendunt, quosdam ex eis statim trucidantes, ceteros ad redimendum reservant; ex quibus aliqui effugerunt, ceteri redempti sunt. Rex collecto exercitu de Haristalli ad locum, qui Mimda dicitur, perrexit; et facto consilio in desertores arma corripuit et totam inter Albim et Wisuram Saxoniam populando peragravit. Nordliudi contra Thrasuconem ducem Abodritorum et Eburisum legatum nostrum conmisso proelio acie victi sunt.

But at the very time of Easter the Nordliudi, settled across the Elbe, when a sedition had been stirred up, seized the royal legates, who were then staying among them to conduct assizes; some of them they butchered at once, the rest they reserved for ransom; of these some escaped, the others were redeemed. The king, the army having been gathered, set out from Herstal to the place which is called Mimda; and, a council having been held, he took up arms against the deserters and traversed, laying waste, all Saxony between the Elbe and the Weser. The Nordliudi, battle having been joined, were defeated in pitched battle by Thrasucon, duke of the Abodrites, and by Eburisus, our legate.

Caesa sunt ex eis in loco proelii quattuor milia, ceteri, qui fugerunt et evaserunt, quanquam multi et ex illis cecidissent, de pacis conditione tractaverunt. Et rex acceptis obsidibus, etiam et his, quos perfidissimos primores Saxonum consignabant, in Franciam reversus est.

Four thousand of them were cut down on the field of battle; the rest, who fled and escaped—although many of them too had fallen—negotiated about the terms of peace. And the king, after taking hostages, including also those whom they designated as the most perfidious chieftains of the Saxons, returned into Francia.

Et Aquasgrani palatium pergens legationem Grecorum a Constantinopoli missam suscepit. Erant enim legati Michahel patricius quondam Frigiae et Theophilus presbyter, epistolam Herenae imperatricis ferentes; nam filius eius Constantinus imperator anno superiore a suis conprehensus et excecatus est. Haec tamen legatio tantum de pace fuit.

And proceeding to the palace at Aachen, he received an embassy of the Greeks sent from Constantinople. For the envoys were Michael, a patrician formerly of Phrygia, and Theophilus, a presbyter, bearing a letter from Empress Irene; for her son Constantine the emperor, in the previous year, was seized by his own men and blinded. This embassy, however, was only about peace.

Quos cum absolvisset, absolvit etiam cum eis et Sisinnium fratrem Tarasii Constantinopolitani episcopi iamdudum in Italia proelio captum.

When he had dismissed them, he also released along with them Sisinnius, the brother of Tarasius, bishop of Constantinople, long since captured in a battle in Italy.

Hoc anno sidus, quod dicitur Martis, a superioris anni Iulio usque ad huius anni Iulium nusquam in toto caelo videri potuit.

In this year the star which is called of Mars could nowhere be seen in the whole sky from July of the previous year up to July of this year.

Insulae Baleares a Mauris et Sarracenis depraedatae sunt.

The Balearic Islands were depredated by the Moors and Saracens.

Hadefonsus rex Galleciae et Asturiae praedata Olisipona ultima Hispaniae civitate insignia victoriae suae loricas, mulos captivosque Mauros domno regi per legatos suos Froiam et Basiliscum hiemis tempore misit.

Hadefonsus, king of Gallaecia and Asturias, with Olisipo, the farthest city of Hispania, having been plundered, sent the insignia of his victory—cuirasses, mules, and captive Moors—to the lord king through his legates Froia and Basiliscus, in the wintertime.

Sicque in hoc palatio et natalem Domini et pascha a domno rege celebrata sunt. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And thus in this palace both the Nativity of the Lord and Pascha were celebrated by the lord king. And the number of years changed into

[799] DCCXCVIIII. Romani Leonem papam letania maiore captum excecaverunt ac lingua detruncaverunt. Qui in custodia missus noctu per murum evasit et ad legatos domni regis, qui tunc apud basilicam sancti Petri erant, Wirundum scilicet abbatem et Winigisum Spolitinum ducem, veniens Spoletium est deductus.

[799] 799. The Romans, having seized Pope Leo during the Greater Litany, blinded him and cut off his tongue. He, having been put into custody, escaped by night through the wall and, coming to the legates of the lord king, who were then at the basilica of Saint Peter, namely Wirundus the abbot and Winigis, duke of Spoleto, was conducted to Spoleto.

Domnus rex ad Saxoniam profectus Renum ad Lippeam transivit et in loco, qui vocatur Padrabrunno, positis castris consedit et inde diviso exercitu Carlum filium suum cum medietate ad conloquium Sclavorum et ad recipiendos, qui de Nordliudis venerunt, Saxones in Bardengauwi direxit. Ipse altera medietate secum retenta eodem in loco Leonem pontificem summo cum honore suscepit ibique reditum Carli filii sui ex*pectans Leonem pontificem simili, quo susceptus est, honore dimisit; qui statim Romam profectus est, et rex Aquasgrani palatium suum reversus est.

The lord king, having set out to Saxony, crossed the Rhine at the Lippe, and in the place which is called Padrabrunno, with the camp pitched, he took up position; and thence, the army divided, he directed Charles his son with a half to the colloquy of the Slavs and to receive the Saxons who had come from the Nordliudi, into Bardengau. He himself, the other half retained with him, in the same place received Leo the pontiff with the highest honor, and there, a*waiting the return of Charles his son, he sent off Leo the pontiff with the same honor with which he had been received; who immediately set out to Rome, and the king returned to his palace at Aquasgrani.

In eadem expeditione legatus Michahelis Siciliae praefecti, nomine Danihel, ad domnum regem venit atque inde iterum cum magno honore dimissus est.

In the same expedition, the legate of Michael, prefect of Sicily, by name Daniel, came to the lord king and from there was again dismissed with great honor.

Eodem anno gens Avarum a fide, quam promiserat, defecit, et Ericus dux Foroiulensis post tot prospere gestas res iuxta Tharsaticam Liburniae civitatem insidiis oppidanorum oppressus est, et Geroldus comes, Baioariae praefectus, commisso contra Avares proelio cecidit.

In the same year the nation of the Avars defected from the faith which it had promised, and Eric, duke of Friuli, after so many matters successfully conducted, near Tarsatica, a city of Liburnia, was overwhelmed by the ambushes of the townsmen, and Gerold the count, prefect of Bavaria, when battle had been joined against the Avars, fell.

Insulae Baleares, quae a Mauris et Sarracenis anno priore depraedatae sunt, postulato atque accepto a nostris auxilio nobis se dediderunt et cum Dei auxilio a nostris a praedonum incursione defensi sunt. Signa quoque Maurorum in pugna sublata et domno regi praesentata sunt.

The Balearic Islands, which were depredated by the Moors and Saracens in the previous year, having asked for and received aid from our men, surrendered themselves to us and, with God’s help, were defended by our men from the incursion of the pirates. The standards also of the Moors, captured in battle, were presented to the lord king.

Wido comes, qui in marcam Brittaniae praesidebat, una cum sociis comitibus Brittaniam ingressus totamque perlustrans in deditionem accepit; et regi de Saxonia reverso arma ducum, qui se dediderant, inscriptis singulorum nominibus praesentavit. Nam his se et terram et populum unusquisque illorum tradidit, et tota Brittaniorum provincia, quod numquam antea, a Francis subiugata est.

Wido, the count, who presided over the March of Brittany, together with his fellow counts entered Brittany and, thoroughly traversing it, received it into surrender; and, when the king had returned from Saxony, he presented to the king the arms of the dukes who had surrendered, with the names of each inscribed. For to him each of them delivered himself and land and people, and the whole province of the Bretons, which never before, was subjugated by the Franks.

Eodem anno monachus quidam de Hierosolimis veniens benedictionem et reliquias de sepulchro Domini, quos patriarcha Hierosolimitanus domno regi miserat, detulit.

In the same year a certain monk, coming from Jerusalem, brought a benediction and relics from the Lord’s sepulcher, which the Patriarch of Jerusalem had sent to our lord the king.

Azan praefectus civitatis, quae dicitur Osca, claves urbis per legatum suum cum muneribus transmisit.

Azan, prefect of the city which is called Osca, sent the keys of the city through his legate along with gifts.

Celebratusque est dies natalis Domini in eodem palatio. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And the natal day of the Lord was celebrated in the same palace. And the number of years changed itself into

[800] DCCC. Rex absolutum Hierosolimitanum monachum reverti fecit, mittens cum eo Zachariam presbiterum de palatio suo, qui donaria eius per illa sancta loca deferret. Ipse medio mense Martio Aquisgrani palatio digrediens, litus oceani Gallici perlustravit, in ipso mari, quod tunc piratis infestum erat, classem instituit, praesidia disposuit, pascha in Centulo apud sanctum Richarium celebravit. Indeque iterum per litus oceani Ratumagum civitatem profectus est, ibique Sequana amne transmisso Turonis ad sanctum Martinum orationis causa pervenit, moratus ibi dies aliquot propter adversam domnae Liutgardae coniugis valitudinem, quae ibidem et defuncta et humata est; obiit autem die

[800] 800. The king caused the Jerusalemite monk, who had been absolved, to return, sending with him Zachariah, a presbyter from his palace, to carry his donaries through those holy places. He himself, departing from the palace at Aachen in mid-March, inspected the shore of the Gallic Ocean, established a fleet on the sea itself, which at that time was infested by pirates, set out garrisons, and celebrated Easter in Centulum at Saint Richarius. And from there again along the ocean’s shore he set out to the city of Rouen, and there, the river Seine having been crossed, he reached Tours to Saint Martin for the sake of prayer, staying there several days on account of the adverse health of lady Liutgard, his spouse, who in that same place both died and was interred; she passed away, moreover, on the day

II. Non. Iunii.

2. Nones of June.

Inde per Aurelianos ac Parisios regressus *Aquasgrani reversus est. Et pridie Non. Iul.

Thence, returning by way of Orléans and Paris, he returned to *Aachen. And on the day before the Nones of July.

insolito more aspera pruina erat et VII. Id. Iul. similiter, quae tamen nihil incommoditatis fructibus attulit.

in an unusual manner there was a harsh frost, and on the 7th day before the Ides of July likewise, which, however, brought no inconvenience to the fruits.

Et mense Augusto inchoante Mogontiacum veniens iter in Italiam condixit atque inde profectus cum exercitu Ravennam venit. Ibi ordinata in Beneventanos expeditione post septem dierum inducias Romam iter convertit et exercitum cum Pippino filio suo in Beneventanorum terras praedatum ire iussit. Romam vero cum venisset, occurrit ei pridie Leo papa et Romani cum eo apud Nomentum, duodecimo ab urbe lapide, et summa eum humilitate summoque honore suscepit; prandensque cum illo in loco praedicto statim eum ad urbem praecessit.

Et at the beginning of the month of August, coming to Mogontiacum, he fixed a journey into Italy, and thence departing with the army he came to Ravenna. There, an expedition against the Beneventans having been arranged, after a truce of seven days he turned his route to Rome, and he ordered the army with his son Pippin to go to plunder into the lands of the Beneventans. But when he had come to Rome, Pope Leo and the Romans with him met him the day before at Nomentum, at the 12th milestone from the city, and received him with the greatest humility and the highest honor; and, lunching with him in the aforesaid place, he immediately went on ahead of him to the city.

Et in crastinum in gradibus basilicae beati Petri apostoli stans, missis obviam Romanae urbis vexillis, ordinatis etiam atque dispositis per congrua loca tam peregrinorum quam civium turmis, qui venienti laudes dicerent, ipse cum clero et episcopis equo descendentem gradusque ascendentem suscepit dataque oratione in basilicam beati Petri apostoli psallentibus cunctis introduxit. Facta sunt haec sub die VIII. Kal.

And on the morrow, standing on the steps of the basilica of the blessed apostle Peter, with the standards of the city of Rome sent out to meet him, and with companies both of foreigners and of citizens arranged and set in suitable places to speak praises to the one coming, he himself, together with the clergy and the bishops, received him as he dismounted from his horse and ascended the steps, and, a prayer having been offered, led him into the basilica of the blessed apostle Peter while all were chanting psalms. These things were done on the day 8 before the Kalends.

Decembris.

of December.

Post VII vero dies rex contione vocata, cur Romam venisset, omnibus patefecit et exinde cotidie ad ea, quae venerat, facienda operam dedit. Inter quae vel maximum vel difficillimum erat, quod primum inchoatum est, de discutiendis, quae pontifici obiecta sunt, criminibus. Qui tamen, postquam nullus probator criminum esse voluit, coram omni populo in basilica beati Petri apostoli evangelium portans ambonem conscendit invocatoque sanctae Trinitatis nomine iureiurando ab obiectis se criminibus purgavit.

After 7 days, indeed, the king, an assembly having been convoked, made known to all why he had come to Rome, and thereafter each day he applied himself to accomplishing the things for which he had come. Among these the greatest or most difficult was that which was first initiated: the examination of the charges that had been objected to the pontiff. He, however, after no one was willing to be a prover of the charges, before all the people in the basilica of the blessed Peter the apostle, carrying the Gospel, ascended the ambo, and, the name of the Holy Trinity invoked, by an oath purged himself from the charges that had been brought.

Eadem die Zacharias cum duobus monachis, uno de monte Oliveti, altero de sancto Saba, de Oriente reversus Romam venit; quos patriarcha Hierosolimitanus cum Zacharia ad regem misit, qui benedictionis causa claves sepulchri Dominici ac loci calvariae, claves etiam civitatis et montis cum vexillo detulerunt. Quos rex benigne suscipiens aliquot dies secum detenuit et Aprili mense remuneratos absolvit. Celebravitque natalem Domini Romae.

On the same day Zacharias, with two monks—one from the Mount of Olives, the other from Saint Sabas—having returned from the East, came to Rome; and the Patriarch of Jerusalem sent them to the king together with Zacharias, who, for the sake of a benediction, brought the keys of the Lord’s Sepulcher and of the place of Calvary, and also the keys of the city and of the mount, with a banner. The king, receiving them kindly, kept them with him for several days and, in the month of April, after rewarding them, dismissed them. And he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord at Rome.

Et inmutatus est annorum numerus in

And the number of years was changed into

[801] DCCCI. Ipsa die sacratissima natalis Domini, cum rex ad missam ante confessionem beati Petri apostoli ab oratione surgeret, Leo papa coronam capiti eius imposuit, et a cuncto Romanorum populo adclamatum est: 'Carolo augusto, a Deo coronato magno et pacifico imperatori Romanorum, vita et victoria!' Et post laudes ab apostolico more antiquorum principum adoratus est atque ablato patricii nomine imperator et augustus est appellatus.

[801] 801. On the very most sacred day itself of the Nativity of the Lord, when the king rose from prayer at Mass before the Confession of the blessed Apostle Peter, Pope Leo placed a crown upon his head, and it was acclaimed by the whole Roman people: 'To Charles Augustus, crowned by God, great and pacific Emperor of the Romans, life and victory!' And after the laudes he was adored by the Apostolic according to the custom of the ancient princes, and, the name of Patrician removed, he was called Emperor and Augustus.

Post paucos autem dies iussit eos, qui pontificem anno superiore deposuerunt, exhiberi; et habita de eis questione secundum legem Romanam ut maiestatis rei capitis dampnati sunt. *Pro quibus tamen papa pio affectu apud imperatorem intercessit; nam et vita et membrorum integritas eis concessa est, ceterum pro facinoris magnitudine exilio deportati sunt. Huius factionis fuere principes Paschalis nomenclator et Campulus sacellarius et multi alii Romanae urbis habitatores nobiles, qui simul omnes eadem sententia dampnati sunt.

After a few days, moreover, he ordered those who had deposed the pontiff in the previous year to be produced; and, an inquiry having been held concerning them according to Roman law, they were condemned to capital punishment for the crime of majesty (treason). *For whom, however, the pope, with pious affection, interceded with the emperor; for both life and the integrity of their limbs were granted to them; nevertheless, on account of the magnitude of the crime, they were deported into exile. The leaders of this faction were Paschalis the Nomenclator and Campulus the Sacellarius, and many other noble inhabitants of the city of Rome, who all together were condemned by the same sentence.

Ordinatis deinde Romanae urbis et apostolici totiusque Italiae non tantum publicis, sed etiam ecclesiasticis et privatis rebus - nam tota hieme non aliud fecit imperator - missaque iterum in Beneventanos expeditione cum Pippino filio suo ipse post pascha

Then, with the affairs of the city of Rome and of the Apostolic See and of all Italy—not only public, but also ecclesiastical and private—set in order - for the whole winter the emperor did nothing else - and an expedition again sent against the Beneventans with his son Pippin, he himself after Easter

VII. Kal. Mai.

April 25.

Roma profectus Spoletium venit.

Having set out from Rome, he came to Spoleto.

Ibi dum esset, II. Kal. Mai. hora noctis secunda terrae motus maximus factus est, quo tota Italia graviter concussa *est.

While he was there, 2. Kal. May. at the second hour of the night a very great earthquake occurred, by which all Italy gravely shaken *was.

Quo motu tectum basilicae beati Pauli apostoli magna ex parte cum suis trabibus decidit et in quibusdam locis urbes montes ruerunt. Eodem anno loca quaedam circa Renum fluvium et in Gallia et in Germania tremuerunt. Pestilentia propter mollitiem hiberni temporis facta est.

By that motion the roof of the basilica of the blessed apostle Paul fell down in great part together with its beams, and in certain places cities and mountains collapsed. In the same year certain places around the river Rhine, and in Gaul and in Germany, trembled. A pestilence was caused on account of the mildness of the winter season.

Imperator de Spoletio Ravennam veniens aliquot dies ibi moratus Papiam perrexit. Ibi nuntiatur ei, legatos Aaron Amir al Mumminin regis Persarum portum Pisas intrasse. Quibus obviam mittens inter Vercellis et Eporeiam eos sibi fecit praesentari; unus enim ex eis erat Persa de Oriente, legatus regis Persarum, - nam duo fuerant - alter Sarracenus de Africa, legatus amirati Abraham, qui in confinio Africae in Fossato praesidebat.

The emperor, coming from Spoleto to Ravenna and having stayed there for several days, proceeded to Pavia. There it was announced to him that the legates of Aaron, Amir al-Mu’minin, king of the Persians, had entered the harbor at Pisa. Sending to meet them, he had them presented to him between Vercelli and Eporeia; for one of them was a Persian from the East, a legate of the king of the Persians, - for there were two - the other a Saracen from Africa, a legate of the amir Abraham, who presided on the border of Africa at Fossato.

Qui Isaac Iudeum, quem imperator ante quadriennium ad regem Persarum cum Lantfrido et Sigimundo miserat, reversum cum magnis muneribus nuntiaverunt; nam Lantfridus ac Sigimundus ambo defuncti erant. Tum ille misit Ercanbaldum notarium in Liguriam ad classem parandam, qua elefans et ea, quae cum eo deferebantur, subveherentur. Ipse vero celebrato die natali sancti Iohannis baptistae apud Eporeiam Alpes transgressus in Galliam reversus est.

They reported that Isaac the Jew, whom the emperor four years earlier had sent to the king of the Persians with Lantfrid and Sigimund, had returned with great gifts; for Lantfrid and Sigimund had both died. Then he sent Ercanbald the notary into Liguria to prepare a fleet, by which the elephant and the things that were being conveyed with it might be transported. He himself, after celebrating the natal day of Saint John the Baptist at Eporeia, crossed the Alps and returned into Gaul.

Ipsa aestate capta est Barcinona civitas in Hispania iam biennio obsessa; Zatun praefectus eius et alii conplures Sarraceni conprehensi. Et in Italia Teate civitas similiter capta et incensa est eiusque praefectus Roselmus conprehensus; castella, quae ad ipsam civitatem pertinebant, in deditionem accepta sunt. Zatun et Roselmus una die ad praesentiam imperatoris deducti et exilio dampnati sunt.

That summer the city of Barcelona in Spain, already besieged for two years, was taken; Zatun, its prefect, and many other Saracens were apprehended. And in Italy the city of Teate likewise was taken and set on fire, and its prefect Roselmus apprehended; the forts which pertained to the city itself were accepted in surrender. Zatun and Roselmus on one and the same day were led into the presence of the emperor and were condemned to exile.

Ipsius anni mense Octobrio Isaac Iudeus de Africa cum elefanto regressus Portum Veneris intravit; et quia propter nives Alpes transire non potuit, in Vercellis hiemavit.

In that same year, in the month of October, Isaac the Jew from Africa, having returned with an elephant, entered Portus Veneris; and because of the snows he could not cross the Alps, he wintered in Vercelli.

Imperator Aquisgrani palatio natalem Domini celebravit. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

The emperor celebrated the Nativity of the Lord in the palace at Aachen. And the number of years was changed to

[802] DCCCII. Herena imperatrix de Constantinopoli misit legatum nomine Leonem spatarium de pace confirmanda inter Francos et Grecos, et imperator vicissim propter ipsum absoluto illo misit Iesse episcopum Ambianensem et Helmgaudum comitem Constantinopolim, ut pacem cum ea statuerent. Celebratum est pascha Aquisgrani palatio.

[802] 802. Empress Irene from Constantinople sent a legate named Leo the Spatharius for the confirming of peace between the Franks and the Greeks, and the emperor in turn, for that very purpose, after he had been dismissed, sent Jesse, bishop of Amiens, and Count Helmgaud to Constantinople, that they might establish peace with her. Easter was celebrated at the palace of Aachen.

Ipsius anni mense Iulio, XIII. Kal. Aug., venit Isaac cum elefanto et ceteris muneribus, quae a rege Persarum missa sunt, et Aquisgrani omnia imperatori detulit; nomen elefanti erat Abul Abaz.

In that same year, in the month of July, on July 20, Isaac came with the elephant and the other gifts which were sent by the king of the Persians, and at Aachen he delivered everything to the emperor; the name of the elephant was Abul Abaz.

Ortona civitas in Italia in deditionem accepta, Luceria quoque frequenti obsidione fatigata et ipsa in deditionem venit, praesidiumque nostrorum in ea positum.

The city of Ortona in Italy was received into surrender, and Luceria too, wearied by a frequent siege, likewise came into surrender, and a garrison of our men was placed in it.

Imperator aestatis tempore in Arduenna venatibus operam dedit et misso Saxonum exercitu Transalbianos Saxones vastavit.

The emperor in the summertime in the Ardennes devoted himself to hunting, and, after sending an army of the Saxons, he devastated the Trans‑Elbian Saxons.

Grimoaldus Beneventanorum dux in Luceria Winigisum comitem Spoletii, qui praesidio praeerat, adversa valitudine fatigatum obsedit et in deditionem accepit captumque honorifice habuit.

Grimoald, Duke of the Beneventans, at Luceria besieged Winigis, count of Spoleto, who was in command of the garrison and worn out by adverse health, and accepted him into surrender, and, once captured, treated him honorably.

Imperator Aquisgrani natalem Domini celebravit. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

The Emperor celebrated the Nativity of the Lord at Aachen. And the number of the years changed itself into

[803] DCCCIII. Hoc hieme circa ipsum palatium et finitimas regiones terrae motus factus et mortalitas subsecuta est.

[803] 803. In this winter, around the palace itself and the neighboring regions, an earthquake occurred, and a mortality followed.

Winigisus a Grimoaldo redditus est; et missi domni imperatoris de Constantinopoli reversi sunt, et venerunt cum eis legati Nicifori imperatoris, qui tunc rempublicam regebat, - nam Herenam post adventum legationis Franciae deposuerunt, - quorum nomina fuerunt Michahel episcopus, Petrus abbas et Calistus candidatus. Qui venerunt ad imperatorem in Germania super fluvium Sala, in loco qui dicitur Saltz, et pactum faciendae pacis in scripto susceperunt. Et inde dimissi cum epistola imperatoris Romam regressi atque Constantinopolim reversi sunt.

Winigisus was returned by Grimoald; and the envoys of the lord emperor returned from Constantinople, and with them came the legates of the emperor Nicephorus, who at that time was ruling the commonwealth — for after the coming of the Frankish legation they deposed Irene — whose names were Michael the bishop, Peter the abbot, and Callistus the Candidatus. They came to the emperor in Germany upon the river Sala, in the place which is called Saltz, and they received in writing a pact for making peace. And from there, having been dismissed with the emperor’s letter, they went back to Rome and returned to Constantinople.

Imperator autem in Baioariam profectus dispositis Pannoniarum causis Decembrio mense Aquasgrani reversus est ibique natalem Domini celebravit. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

However, the emperor, having set out into Bavaria, with the affairs of the Pannonias disposed, returned in the month of December to Aachen, and there celebrated the Nativity of the Lord. And the number of years was changed into

[804] DCCCIIII. Imperator Aquisgrani hiemavit. Aestate autem in Saxoniam ducto exercitu omnes, qui trans Albiam et in Wihmuodi habitabant, Saxones cum mulieribus et infantibus transtulit in Franciam et pagos Transalbianos Abodritis dedit.

[804] 804. The emperor wintered at Aachen. But in summer, with the army led into Saxony, he transferred into Francia all the Saxons who were dwelling across the Elbe and in Wihmuodi, with their women and infants, and he gave the Transalbian districts to the Abodrites.

Eodem tempore Godofridus rex Danorum venit cum classe sua necnon et omni equitatu regni sui ad locum, qui dicitur Sliesthorp, in confinio regni sui et Saxoniae. Promisit enim se ad conloquium imperatoris venturum, sed consilio suorum territus propius non accessit, sed, quicquid voluit, per legatos mandavit. Nam imperator super Albiam fluvium sedebat, in loco, qui dicitur Holdunsteti, et missa ad Godofridum legatione pro perfugis reddendis me*dio Septembrio Coloniam venit.

At the same time Godofridus, king of the Danes, came with his fleet as well as with all the cavalry of his realm to the place which is called Sliesthorp, on the border of his kingdom and Saxony. For he had promised that he would come to a colloquy with the emperor, but, frightened by the counsel of his own men, he did not come nearer, but conveyed whatever he wished through legates. For the emperor was stationed on the river Elbe, at the place which is called Holdunsteti; and, a legation having been sent to Godofridus for the returning of fugitives, in mid-September he came to Cologne.

Dimissoque exercitu primo Aquasgrani, deinde Arduennam petit; et venationibus indulgens Aquasgrani reversus est.

And, the army having been dismissed, he made for Aachen first, then for the Ardennes; and, indulging in hunting, he returned to Aachen.

Medio Novembrio allatum est ei, Leonem papam natalem Domini cum eo celebrare velle, ubicumque hoc contingere potuisset. Quem statim misso ad sanctum Mauricium Carlo filio suo honorifice suscipere iussit. Ipse obviam illi Remorum civitatem profectus est ibique susceptum primo Carisiacum villam, ubi natalem Domini celebravit, deinde Aquasgrani perduxit; et donatum magnis muneribus per Baioariam ire volentem deduci fecit usque Ravennam.

In mid-November it was brought to him that Pope Leo wished to celebrate the Nativity of the Lord with him, wherever this might be able to occur. He immediately sent his son Charles to Saint‑Maurice and ordered that he be received with honor. He himself set out to meet him to the city of Reims, and there, once he had been received, he led him first to the villa of Quierzy, where he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord, then to Aachen; and, after he had been endowed with great gifts and wished to go through Bavaria, he had him escorted as far as Ravenna.

Causa adventus eius haec erat: perlatum est ad imperatorem aestate praeterita, Christi sanguinem in Mantua civitate fuisse repertum; propter hoc misit ad papam, petens, ut huius famae veritatem inquireret. Qui accepta occasione exeundi primo in Langobardiam quasi pro inquisitione praedicta profectus est indeque arrepto itinere subito ad imperatorem usque pervenit. Mansitque apud illum dies octo et, sicut dictum est, Romam repedavit.

The cause of his advent was this: it was reported to the emperor last summer that the blood of Christ had been found in the city of Mantua; on account of this he sent to the pope, petitioning that he inquire into the verity of this report. He, having accepted the occasion of going forth, first set out into Lombardy as if for the aforesaid inquest, and from there, the journey having been seized upon, suddenly came all the way to the emperor. And he remained with him eight days and, as has been said, returned to Rome.

Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

And the number of years changed itself into

[805] DCCCV. Non multo post capcanus, princeps Hunorum, propter necessitatem populi sui imperatorem adiit, postulans sibi locum dari ad habitandum inter Sabariam et Carnuntum, quia propter infestationem Sclavorum in pristinis sedibus esse non poterat. Quem imperator benigne suscepit - erat enim capcanus christianus nomine Theodorus - et precibus eius annuens muneribus donatum redire permisit.

[805] 805. Not long after, the capcanus, prince of the Huns, on account of the necessity of his people, approached the emperor, requesting that a place be given to him to dwell between Sabaria and Carnuntum, because on account of the infestation of the Slavs he could not remain in his former seats. The emperor kindly received him - for the capcanus was a Christian by name Theodore - and, assenting to his prayers, allowed him to return, presented with gifts.

Qui rediens ad populum suum pauco tempore transacto diem obiit. Et misit caganus unum de optimatibus suis, petens sibi honorem antiquum, quem caganus apud Hunos habere solebat. Cuius precibus imperator adsensum praebuit et summam totius regni iuxta priscum eorum ritum caganum habere praecepit.

Who, returning to his people, after a short time had passed, died. And the khagan sent one of his optimates, seeking for himself the ancient honor which the khagan used to have among the Huns. To his entreaties the emperor gave assent and ordered that, according to their pristine rite, the khagan should hold the supremacy of the whole realm.

Eodem anno misit exercitum suum cum filio suo Carlo in terram Sclavorum, qui vocantur Beheimi. *Qui omnem illorum patriam depopulatus ducem eorum nomine Lechonem occidit; et inde regressus in Vosego silva ad imperatorem venit in loco, qui dicitur Camp.

In the same year he sent his army with his son Charles into the land of the Slavs, who are called the Bohemians. *He having ravaged their whole country, killed their duke by the name Lecho; and from there, returning in the Vosges Forest, he came to the emperor at a place which is called Camp.

Nam imperator Iulio mense de Aquisgrani profectus Theodonis villam atque per Mettis transiens Vosegum petiit. Ibique venationi operam dans post reversionem exercitus ad Rumerici castellum profectus ibique aliquantum temporis moratus ad hiemandum in Theodonis villa palatio suo consedit. Ibi ad eum ambo filii sui Pippinus et Hludowicus venerunt, celebravitque ibi natalem Domini. Et inmutavit se numerus annorum in

For the emperor in the month of July, setting out from Aachen, reached Theodon's Villa and, passing through Metz, made for the Vosges. And there, giving attention to hunting, after the return of the army he set out to the castle of Rumeric, and there, having stayed for some time, to winter he settled in his own palace at Theodon's Villa. There both his sons Pippin and Louis came to him, and he celebrated there the Nativity of the Lord. And the number of years changed into

[806] DCCCVI. Statim post natalem Domini venerunt Willeri et Beatus duces Venetiae necnon et Paulus dux Iaderae atque Donatus eiusdem civitatis episcopus legati Dalmatarum ad praesentiam imperatoris cum magnis donis. Et facta est ibi ordinatio ab imperatore de ducibus et populis tam Venetiae quam Dalmatiae.

[806] 806. Immediately after the Nativity of the Lord, Willeri and Beatus, dukes of Venice, and also Paul, duke of Iadera, and Donatus, bishop of the same city, envoys of the Dalmatians, came into the presence of the emperor with great gifts. And there a settlement was made by the emperor concerning the dukes and the peoples both of Venice and of Dalmatia.

Illisque absolutis conventum habuit imperator cum primoribus et optimatibus Francorum de pace constituenda et conservanda inter filios suos et divisione regni facienda in tres partes, ut sciret unusquisque illorum, quam partem tueri et regere debuisset, si superstes illi eveniret. De hac partitione et testamentum factum et iureiurando ab optimatibus Francorum confirmatum, et constitutiones pacis conservandae causa factae, atque haec omnia litteris mandata sunt et Leoni papae, ut his sua manu subscriberet, per Einhardum missa. Quibus pontifex lectis et adsensum praebuit et propria manu subscripsit.

And when these matters were concluded, the emperor held a meeting with the foremost men and the Optimates of the Franks about establishing and preserving peace among his sons and about making a division of the realm into three parts, so that each of them might know which part he ought to guard and govern, if it should befall that he survived him. Concerning this partition, both a testament was made and confirmed by oath by the Optimates of the Franks, and constitutions were made for the sake of preserving peace; and all these things were committed to letters and sent to Pope Leo through Einhard, that he might subscribe these with his own hand. When the pontiff had read them, he gave his assent and subscribed with his own hand.

Imperator dimisso utroque filio in regnum sibi deputatum, Pippino scilicet et Hludowico, de villa

The emperor, having sent off both his sons to the realm assigned to each, namely Pippin and Louis, from the villa

Theodonis palatio per Mosellam et Rhenum secunda aqua Noviomagum navigavit ibique sanctum quadragesimale ieiunium et sacratissimam paschae festivitatem celebravit. Et inde post non multos dies Aquasgrani veniens Karlum filium suum in terram Sclavorum, qui dicuntur Sorabi, qui sedent super Albim fluvium, cum exercitu misit; in qua expeditione Miliduoch Sclavorum dux interfectus est, duoque castella ab exercitu aedificata, unum super ripam fluminis Salae, alterum iuxta fluvium Albim. Sclavisque pacatis Karlus cum exercitu regressus in loco, qui dicitur Silli, super ripam Mosae fluminis ad imperatorem venit.

From Theodonis Palace he sailed down the Moselle and the Rhine with the current to Nijmegen, and there he celebrated the holy Lenten fast and the most sacred feast of Easter. And from there, after not many days, coming to Aachen, he sent his son Charles with an army into the land of the Slavs who are called Sorbs, who sit upon the river Elbe; in which expedition Miliduoch, a duke of the Slavs, was slain, and two forts were built by the army, one on the bank of the river Saale, the other near the river Elbe. And with the Slavs pacified, Charles with the army, returning, came to the emperor at the place which is called Silli, on the bank of the river Meuse.

Missa est et manus de Baioaria et Alamannia atque Burgundia sicut anno superiore in terram Beeheim vastataque terrae non minima portione absque ullo gravi incommodo regressa.

A force was also sent from Bavaria and Alemannia and Burgundy, as in the previous year, into the land of Bohemia; and, with no small portion of the land laid waste, it returned without any grave inconvenience.

Eodem anno in Corsicam insulam contra Mauros, qui eam vastabant, classis de Italia a Pippino missa est, cuius adventum Mauri non expectantes abscesserunt; unus tamen nostrorum, Hadumarus comes civitatis Genuae, inprudenter contra eos dimicans occisus est. In Hispania vero Navarri et Pampilonenses, qui superioribus annis ad Sarracenos defecerant, in fidem recepti sunt.

In the same year to the island of Corsica against the Moors, who were ravaging it, a fleet from Italy was sent by Pippin, and the Moors, not awaiting its arrival, withdrew; one, however, of our men, Hadumar, count of the city of Genoa, fighting imprudently against them, was killed. In Spain, moreover, the Navarrese and the Pamplonans, who in previous years had defected to the Saracens, were received back into fealty.

Classis a Niciforo imperatore, cui Niceta patricius praeerat, ad reciperandam Dalmatiam mittitur; et legati, qui dudum ante quattuor fere annos ad regem Persarum missi sunt, per ipsas Grecarum navium stationes transvecti ad Tarvisiani portus receptaculum nullo adversariorum sentiente regressi sunt.

A fleet is sent by Emperor Nicephorus, over which Nicetas the patrician presided, to recover Dalmatia; and the envoys who long ago, nearly four years before, had been sent to the king of the Persians, conveyed through those very stations of the Greek ships, returned to the haven of the Tarvisian port with none of the adversaries perceiving it.

Imperator celebravit natalem Domini Aquisgrani. Et inmutatus est numerus annorum in

The emperor celebrated the Nativity of the Lord at Aachen. And the number of years was changed into

[*807] DCCCVII. Anno superiore IIII. Non.

[*807] 807. In the previous year on the 4th day before the Nones.

Septembr. fuit eclypsis lunae; tunc stabat sol in XVIma parte Virginis, luna autem stetit in XVIma parte Piscium; hoc autem anno pridie Kal. Febr.

Sept., there was an eclipse of the Moon; then the Sun stood in the 16th part of Virgo, and the Moon stood in the 16th part of Pisces; however, in this year, on the day before the Kalends of February.

fuit luna XVIIma, quando stella Iovis quasi per eam transire visa est, et III. Id. Febr. fuit eclipsis solis media die, stante utroque sidere in XXV.

the Moon was 17th, when the star of Jupiter was seen as if to pass through it, and on February 11 there was a solar eclipse at midday, with both luminaries standing in the 25th.

parte Aquarii. Iterum IIII. Kal.

in the part of Aquarius. Again on the 4th day before the Kalends.

Mart. fuit eclypsis lunae, et apparuerunt acies eadem nocte mirae magnitudinis, et sol stetit in undecima parte Piscium, et luna in undecima parte Virginis. Nam et stella Mercurii XVI.

March. there was an eclipse of the moon, and battle-lines of wondrous magnitude appeared that same night, and the sun stood in the eleventh part of Pisces, and the moon in the eleventh part of Virgo. For also the star of Mercury on the 16.

Kal. Aprilis visa est in sole quasi parva macula, nigra tamen, paululum superius medio centro eiusdem sideris, quae a nobis octo dies conspicitur. Sed quando primum intravit vel exivit, nubibus impedientibus minime adnotare potuimus.

On the Kalends of April there was seen in the sun a sort of small spot, black nonetheless, a little above the middle center of that same star, which has been visible to us for eight days. But when it first entered or went out, with clouds hindering, we were not at all able to make note of it.

Iterum mense Augusto, XI. Kal. Septembr., eclypsis lunae facta est hora noctis tertia, sole posito in quinta parte Virginis et luna in quinta parte Piscium. Sicque ab anni superioris Septembrio usque ad anni praesentis Septembrium ter luna obscurata est et sol semel.

Again in the month of August, on the 11. Kal. Septembr., a lunar eclipse took place at the third hour of the night, the sun being positioned in the fifth part of Virgo and the moon in the fifth part of Pisces. And thus from last year’s September up to this year’s September the moon was obscured three times and the sun once.

Radbertus missus imperatoris, qui de Oriente revertebatur, defunctus est; et legatus regis Persarum nomine Abdella cum monachis de Hierusalem, qui legatione Thomae patriarchae fungebantur, quorum nomina fuere Georgius et Felix, - hic Georgius est abba in monte Oliveti, et cui patria Germania est, qui etiam proprio vocatur nomine Egilbaldus, - ad imperatorem pervenerunt munera deferentes, quae praedictus rex imperatori miserat, id est papilionem et tentoria atrii vario colore facta mirae magnitudinis et pulchritudinis. Erant enim omnia bissina, tam tentoria quam et funes eorum, diversis tincta coloribus. Fuerunt praeterea munera praefati regis pallia sirica multa et preciosa et odores atque unguenta et balsamum; necnon et horologium ex auricalco arte mechanica mirifice conpositum, in quo duodecim horarum cursus ad clepsidram vertebatur, cum totidem aereis pilulis, quae ad completionem horarum decidebant et casu suo subiectum sibi cimbalum tinnire faciebant, additis in eodem eiusdem numeri equitibus, qui per duodecim fenestras completis horis exiebant et inpulsu egressionis suae totidem fenestras, quae prius erant apertae, claudebant; necnon et alia multa erant in ipso horologio, quae nunc enumerare longum est.

Radbertus, the emperor’s envoy, who was returning from the East, died; and the legate of the king of the Persians by the name Abdella, with monks from Jerusalem who were discharging the embassy of Thomas the patriarch, whose names were George and Felix, - this George is an abbot on the Mount of Olives, and whose fatherland is Germany, who also by his own name is called Egilbald, - came to the emperor bearing gifts which the aforesaid king had sent to the emperor, that is, a pavilion and awnings of the atrium made in varied color of wondrous magnitude and beauty. For all were of byssus, both the awnings and their ropes, dyed with diverse colors. There were, moreover, gifts of the aforesaid king: many and precious silken mantles, and perfumes and unguents and balsam; and likewise a clock of orichalcum wondrously composed by mechanical art, in which the course of twelve hours was turned by a clepsydra, with just as many little bronze balls, which at the completion of the hours fell and by their fall made a cymbal set beneath ring, riders also of the same number having been added in the same device, who through twelve windows, when the hours were completed, came out and by the impulse of their egress closed just as many windows as had previously been open; and there were also many other things in that clock, which it is now long to enumerate.

Fuerunt praeterea inter praedicta munera candelabra duo ex auricalco mirae magnitudinis et proceritatis. Quae omnia Aquis palatio ad imperatorem delata sunt.

There were, moreover, among the aforesaid gifts two candelabra of orichalcum (brass), of wondrous size and tallness. All these things were brought to the emperor at the palace at Aachen.

Imperator legatum et monachos per aliquantum tempus secum retinens in Italiam direxit atque ibi eos tempus navigationis expectare iussit.

The emperor, keeping the legate and the monks with him for some time, sent them into Italy and there ordered them to await the season of navigation.

Eodemque anno Burchardum comitem stabuli sui cum classe misit in Corsicam, ut eam a Mauris, qui superioribus annis illuc praedatum venire consueverant, defenderet. Qui iuxta consuetudinem suam de Hispania egressi primo Sardiniam adpulsi sunt ibique cum Sardis proelio commisso et multis suorum amissis - nam tria milia ibi cecidisse perhibentur - in Corsicam recto cursu pervenerunt. Ibi iterum in quodam portu eiusdem insulae cum classe, cui Burchardus praeerat, proelio decertaverunt victique ac fugati sunt, amissis tredecim navibus et plurimis suorum interfectis.

And in the same year he sent Burchard, his Constable (Count of the Stable), with a fleet into Corsica, to defend it from the Moors, who in previous years were accustomed to come there to plunder. They, according to their custom, set out from Spain and first made landfall in Sardinia; and there, a battle having been joined with the Sardinians and many of their men lost—for 3,000 are said to have fallen there—they reached Corsica on a straight course. There again, in a certain harbor of the same island, they fought it out in battle with the fleet which Burchard commanded, and they were defeated and put to flight, with 13 ships lost and very many of their men slain.

Adeo illo anno in omnibus locis adversa fortuna fatigati sunt, ut ipsi sibi hoc accidisse testati sint, eo quod anno superiore contra omnem iustitiam de Patalaria insula sexaginta monachos asportatos in Hispania vendiderunt; quorum aliqui per liberalitatem imperatoris iterum in sua loca reversi sunt.

To such an extent in that year they were wearied by adverse fortune in all places, that they themselves testified this had befallen them, because in the previous year, contrary to all justice, they had sold in Spain sixty monks carried off from the island of Patalaria; some of whom, through the liberality of the emperor, returned again to their own places.

Niceta patricius, qui cum classe Constantinopolitana sedebat in Venetia, pace facta cum Pippino rege et indutiis usque ad mensem Augustum constitutis statione soluta Constantinopolim regressus est.

Nicetas the Patrician, who was stationed with the Constantinopolitan fleet in Venice, peace having been made with King Pippin and a truce established up to the month of August, with the station lifted, returned to Constantinople.

Hoc anno imperator pascha Aquis celebravit nec non et natalem Domini. Et mutatus est annorum numerus in

In this year the emperor celebrated Easter at Aachen, and likewise the Nativity of the Lord. And the reckoning of years was changed to

[*808] DCCCVIII. Hiemps mollissima ac pestilens fuit in illo tempore; vereque inchoante imperator Noviomagum profectus transacto ibi quadragesimali ieiunio, celebrato etiam sancto pascha iterum Aquas regressus est.

[*808] 808. The winter was most mild and pestilential at that time; and with spring beginning, the emperor set out for Nijmegen, and, the Lenten fast having been completed there, with the holy Pascha also celebrated, he returned again to Aachen.

Et quia nuntiabatur Godofridum regem Danorum in Abodritos cum exercitu traiecisse, Carlum filium suum ad Albiam cum valida Francorum et Saxonum manu misit, iubens vesano regi resistere, si Saxoniae terminos adgredi temptaret. Sed ille stativis per aliquot dies in litore habitis, expugnatis etiam et manu captis aliquot Sclavorum castellis cum magno copiarum suarum detrimento reversus est. Nam licet Drasconem ducem Abodritorum popularium fidei diffidentem loco pepulisset, Godelaibum alium ducem dolo captum patibulo suspendisset, Abodritorum duas partes sibi vectigales fecisset, optimos tamen militum suorum et manu promptissimos amisit et cum eis filium fratris sui nomine Reginoldum, qui in obpugnatione cuiusdam oppidi cum plurimis Danorum primoribus interfectus est.

And because it was being reported that Godofrid, king of the Danes, had crossed over among the Abodriti with an army, he sent his son Charles to the Elbe with a strong band of Franks and Saxons, ordering him to resist the mad king, if he should attempt to approach the borders of Saxony. But after keeping a fixed camp for several days on the shore, and even after some forts of the Slavs had been stormed and taken by hand, he returned with a great loss of his forces. For although he had driven Drasco, duke of the Abodrites, who was distrustful of the loyalty of his people, from his position; had hanged on the gallows Godelaib, another duke, captured by guile; and had made two parts of the Abodrites tributary to himself; nevertheless he lost the best of his soldiers and the readiest at hand-to-hand fighting, and with them his brother’s son by the name of Reginold, who was slain in the assault on a certain town along with very many of the Danish chiefs.

Filius autem imperatoris Carlus Albiam ponte iunxit et exercitum, cui praeerat, in Linones et Smeldingos, qui et ipsi ad Godofridum regem defecerant, quanta potuit celeritate transposuit populatisque circumquaque eorum agris transito iterum flumine cum incolomi exercitu in Saxoniam se recepit.

However, the emperor’s son Charles joined the Elbe by a bridge and, with all the speed he could, transferred the army he commanded across against the Linones and Smeldingos, who likewise had defected to King Godofrid; and, having laid waste to their fields on every side and crossed the river again, he withdrew into Saxony with his army unharmed.

Erant cum Godofrido in expeditione praedicta Sclavi, qui dicuntur Wilzi, qui propter antiquas inimicitias, quas cum Abodritis habere solebant, sponte se copiis eius coniunxerunt; ipsoque in regnum suum revertente, cum praeda, quam in Abodritis capere potuerunt, et ipsi domum regressi sunt. Godofridus vero, priusquam reverteretur, distructo emporio, quod in oceani litore constitutum lingua Danorum Reric dicebatur et magnam regno illius commoditatem vectigalium persolutione praestabat, translatisque inde negotiatoribus, soluta classe ad portum, qui Sliesthorp dicitur, cum universo exercitu venit. Ibi per aliquot dies moratus limitem regni sui, qui Saxoniam respicit, vallo munire constituit, eo modo, ut ab orientali maris sinu, quem illi Ostarsalt dicunt, usque ad occidentalem oceanum totam Egidorae fluminis aquilonalem ripam munimentum valli praetexeret, una tantum porta dimissa, per quam carra et equites emitti et recipi potuissent.

There were with Godofridus in the aforesaid expedition Slavs, who are called the Wilzi, who, on account of the ancient enmities which they were accustomed to have with the Abodrites, of their own accord joined their forces to his; and as he returned to his kingdom, they too, with the booty which they were able to seize among the Abodrites, went back home. But Godofridus, before he returned, destroyed the emporium which had been situated on the shore of the ocean and in the language of the Danes was called Reric, and which furnished great convenience to his kingdom by the payment of customs; and, the merchants having been transferred from there, with the fleet set loose he came to the port which is called Sliesthorp with the entire army. There, having stayed for several days, he resolved to fortify with a rampart the frontier of his kingdom which looks toward Saxony, in such a way that from the eastern gulf of the sea, which they call Ostarsalt, all the way to the western ocean, he should fringe the whole northern bank of the river Egidora with a defense of rampart, leaving only one gate, through which carts and cavalry could be sent out and received.

Diviso itaque opere inter duces copiarum domum reversus est.

Accordingly, the work having been divided among the leaders of the forces, he returned home.

Interea rex Nordanhumbrorum de Brittania insula, nomine Eardulf, regno et patria pulsus ad imperatorem, dum adhuc Noviomagi moraretur, venit et patefacto adventus sui negotio Romam proficiscitur; Romaque rediens per legatos Romani pontificis et domni imperatoris in regnum suum reducitur. Praeerat tunc temporis ecclesiae Romanae Leo tertius, cuius legatus ad Brittaniam directus est Aldulfus diaconus de ipsa Brittania, natione Saxo, et cum eo ab imperatore missi abbates duo, Hruotfridus notarius et Nantharius de sancto Otmaro.

Meanwhile the king of the Northumbrians from the island of Britain, named Eardwulf, driven from his kingdom and fatherland, came to the emperor while he was still staying at Nijmegen, and, the business of his arrival laid open, he sets out for Rome; and returning from Rome he is led back into his kingdom through the envoys of the Roman pontiff and of the lord emperor. At that time Leo III presided over the Roman Church, whose legate sent to Britain was Aldwulf, a deacon from Britain itself, by nation a Saxon, and with him there were sent by the emperor two abbots, Hruotfrid the notary and Nantharius of Saint Otmar.

Imperator vero aedificatis per legatos suos super Albim fluvium duobus castellis praesidioque in eis contra Sclavorum incursiones disposito Aquisgrani hiemavit; natalemque Domini et sanctum pascha ibidem celebravit. Et mutatus est numerus annorum in

The emperor, however, with two forts having been built by his legates upon the Elbe River and a garrison set in them against the incursions of the Slavs, wintered at Aachen; and he celebrated the Nativity of the Lord and holy Pascha there. And the number of years was changed into

[*809] DCCCVIIII. Classis de Constantinopoli missa primo Dalmatiam, deinde Venetiam appulit; cumque ibi hiemaret, pars eius Comiaclum insulam accessit commissoque proelio contra praesidium, quod in ea dispositum erat, victa atque fugata Venetiam recessit. Dux autem, qui classi praeerat, nomine Paulus, cum de pace inter Francos et Grecos constituenda, quasi sibi hoc esset iniunctum, apud domnum Pippinum Italiae regem agere moliretur, Wilhareno et Beato Venetiae ducibus omnes inchoatus eius impedientibus atque ipsi etiam insidias parantibus, cognita illorum fraude discessit.

[*809] 809. A fleet sent from Constantinople put in first at Dalmatia, then at Venice; and when it was wintering there, a part of it approached the island Comiaclum and, a battle having been joined against the garrison which had been stationed in it, having been defeated and put to flight, withdrew to Venice. But the commander who was in charge of the fleet, by the name Paul, when he was attempting to negotiate with Lord Pippin, king of Italy, concerning the establishment of peace between the Franks and the Greeks, as if this had been enjoined upon him, with Wilharen and Beatus, dukes of Venice, hindering all his undertakings and even preparing ambushes against him, having learned of their fraud departed.

At in occiduis partibus domnus Hludowicus rex cum exercitu Hispaniam ingressus Dertosam civitatem in ripa Hiberi fluminis sitam obsedit; consumptoque in expugnatione illius aliquanto tempore, postquam eam tam cito capi non posse vidit, dimissa obsidione cum incolomi exercitu in Aquitaniam se recepit.

But in the western parts, lord Louis the king, having entered Spain with an army, besieged the city of Dertosa, situated on the bank of the Hiberus river; and when some time had been consumed in its storming, after he saw that it could not be taken so quickly, the siege being abandoned, he withdrew into Aquitaine with his army unharmed.

Postquam Ardulfus rex Nordanhumbrorum reductus est in regnum suum et legati imperatoris atque pontificis reversi sunt, unus ex eis, Aldulfus diaconus, a piratis captus est, ceteris sine periculo traicientibus, ductusque ab eis in Brittaniam a quodam Coenulfi regis homine redemptus est Romamque reversus.

After Ardulf, king of the Northumbrians, had been restored to his kingdom and the envoys of the emperor and the pontiff had returned, one of them, Aldulf the deacon, was captured by pirates, while the others crossed without danger; and, taken by them into Britain, he was ransomed by a certain man of King Coenwulf and returned to Rome.

In Tuscia Populonium civitas maritima a Grecis, qui Orobiotae vocantur, depraedata est. Mauri quoque de Hispania Corsicam ingressi in ipso sancto paschali sabbato civitatem quandam diripuerunt et praeter episcopum ac paucos senes atque infirmos nihil in ea reliquerunt.

In Tuscany the maritime city Populonium was plundered by the Greeks, who are called Orobiotae. The Moors also from Spain, having entered Corsica, on the very holy Paschal Sabbath sacked a certain city, and, except for the bishop and a few old men and the infirm, they left nothing in it.

Interea Godofridus rex Danorum per negotiatores quosdam mandavit, se audisse, quod imperator ei fuisset iratus, eo quod in Abodritos anno superiore duxit exercitum et suas ultus est iniurias, addens velle se purgare ab eo, quod ei obiciebatur; foederis inruptionem ab illis primo fuisse inchoatam. Petebat etiam, ut conventus comitum imperatoris atque suorum iuxta terminos regni sui trans Albim fieret, in quo res invicem gestae proferri et emendatione digna inter partes enumerari potuissent. Non abnuit imperator; colloquiumque trans Albiam habitum cum primoribus Danorum in loco, qui dicitur ...., multisque hinc et inde prolatis atque enumeratis rebus negotio penitus infecto discessum est.

Meanwhile Godofrid, king of the Danes, through certain merchants sent word that he had heard the emperor had been angry with him, because in the previous year he had led an army against the Abodrites and had avenged his own injuries, adding that he wished to purge himself of that which was being laid to his charge: that the breach of the treaty had been begun by them first. He also asked that a meeting of the emperor’s counts and of his own be held near the borders of his kingdom across the Elbe, in which the matters done by each side might be brought forward and those worthy of emendation be enumerated between the parties. The emperor did not refuse; and a colloquy was held across the Elbe with the leading men of the Danes in the place which is called ...., and, many matters having been brought forward and enumerated on this side and that, they departed with the business left utterly undone.

Thrasco vero dux Abodritorum, postquam filium suum postulanti Godofrido obsidem dederat, collecta popularium manu et auxilio a Saxonibus accepto vicinos suos Wilzos adgressus agros eorum ferro et igni vastat; regressusque domum cum ingenti praeda accepto iterum a Saxonibus validiori auxilio Smeldingorum maximam civitatem expugnat atque his successibus omnes, qui ab eo defecerant, ad suam societatem reverti coegit.

Thrasco, however, duke of the Abodrites, after he had given his son as a hostage to Godofrid, who was demanding it, having gathered a band of his countrymen and, with aid received from the Saxons, attacked his neighbors the Wilzi and laid waste their fields with iron and fire; and, having returned home with enormous booty, after receiving from the Saxons again stronger help, he stormed the greatest city of the Smeldings, and by these successes compelled all who had defected from him to return to his alliance.

His ita gestis imperator de Arduenna Aquas reversus mense Novembrio concilium habuit de processione Spiritus sancti, quam questionem Iohannes quidam monachus Hierosolimis primo commovit; cuius definiendae causa Bernharius episcopus Wormacensis et Adalhardus abbas monasterii Corbeiae Romam ad Leonem papam missi sunt. Agitatum est etiam in eodem concilio de statu ecclesiarum et conversatione eorum, qui in eis Deo servire dicuntur, nec aliquid tamen definitum est propter rerum, ut videbatur, magnitudinem.

With these things thus done, the emperor, returning from the Ardennes to Aachen in the month of November, held a council about the procession of the Holy Spirit, which question a certain John, a monk at Jerusalem, had first stirred; for the sake of defining it, Bernharius, bishop of Worms, and Adalhard, abbot of the monastery of Corbie, were sent to Rome to Pope Leo. It was also debated in the same council about the status of the churches and the conversation (way of life) of those who are said to serve God in them, yet nothing was defined, because of the greatness of the matters, as it seemed.

Imperator autem, cum ei multa de iactantia et superbia regis Danorum nuntiarentur, statuit trans Albiam fluvium civitatem aedificare Francorumque in ea ponere praesidium. Cumque ad hoc per Galliam atque Germaniam homines congregasset armisque ac ceteris ad usum necessariis rebus instructos per Frisiam ad locum destinatum ducere iussisset, Thrasco dux Abodritorum in emporio Reric ab hominibus Godofridi per dolum interfectus est. Sed imperator, postquam locus civi*tati constituendae fuerat exploratus, Egbertum comitem huic negotio exsequendo praeficiens Albim traicere et locum iussit occupare.

The emperor, however, when many reports were brought to him about the vaunting and pride of the king of the Danes, resolved to build a city across the Elbe River and to place in it a garrison of Franks. And when for this he had gathered men through Gaul and Germany and, equipped with arms and the other things necessary for use, had ordered them to be led through Frisia to the appointed place, Thrasco, duke of the Abodrites, was slain at the emporium Reric by the men of Godofrid by treachery. But the emperor, after the site for establishing the city had been reconnoitered, appointing Count Egbert to carry out this business, ordered him to cross the Elbe and seize the place.

Est autem locus super ripam Sturiae fluminis, vocabulo Esesfelth, et occupatus est ab Egberto et comitibus Saxonicis circa Idus Martias et muniri coeptus.

Now, the place is on the bank of the Sturia River, by the name Esesfelth, and it was occupied by Egbert and the Saxon counts around the Ides of March, and it began to be fortified.

Aureolus comes, qui in commercio Hispaniae atque Galliae trans Pirineum contra Oscam et Caesaraugustam residebat, defunctus est; et Amoroz praefectus Caesaraugustae atque Oscae ministerium eius invasit et in castellis illius praesidia disposuit missaque ad imperatorem legatione sese cum omnibus, quae habebat, in deditionem illi venire velle promisit.

Count Aureolus, who in the commerce between Spain and Gaul across the Pyrenees was stationed opposite Osca and Caesaraugusta, died; and Amoroz, prefect of Caesaraugusta and Osca, seized his office and posted garrisons in his castles, and, a legation having been sent to the emperor, he promised that he wished to come into surrender to him with all that he possessed.

Eclypsis lunae contigit VII. Kal. Ianuar.

A lunar eclipse occurred on the 7th day before the Kalends of January.

[810] DCCCX. Amoroz Caesaraugustae praefectus, postquam imperatoris legati ad eum pervenerunt, petiit, ut colloquium fieret inter ipsum et Hispanici limitis custodes, promittens se in eo colloquio cum suis omnibus in imperatoris dicionem esse venturum. Quod, licet imperator ut fieret annuisset, multis intervenientibus causis remansit infectum.

[810] 810. Amoroz, prefect at Caesaraugusta, after the emperor’s envoys reached him, requested that a colloquy be held between himself and the guardians of the Spanish frontier, promising that in that colloquy he would come, with all his men, into the emperor’s dominion. Which, although the emperor had assented that it be done, remained undone because many causes intervened.

Mauri de tota Hispania maxima classe conparata primo Sardiniam, deinde Corsicam appulerunt; nulloque in ea invento praesidio insulam pene totam subigerunt.

The Moors, with a very great fleet assembled from the whole of Spain, first made landfall in Sardinia, then in Corsica; and, with no garrison found there, they subdued almost the whole island.

Interea Pippinus rex perfidia ducum Veneticorum incitatus Venetiam bello terraque marique iussit appetere; subiectaque Venetia ac ducibus eius in deditionem acceptis eandem classem ad Dalmatiae litora vastanda misit. Sed cum Paulus Cefalaniae praefectus cum orientali classe ad auxilium Dalmatis ferendum adventaret, regia classis ad propria regreditur.

Meanwhile King Pippin, incited by the perfidy of the Venetian dukes, ordered Venice to be assailed in war by land and sea; and, Venice having been subdued and its dukes received into surrender, he sent the same fleet to devastate the shores of Dalmatia. But when Paul, prefect of Cephalonia, was arriving with the oriental fleet to bring aid to the Dalmatians, the royal fleet returned to its own (home ports).

Hruodtrud filia imperatoris, quae natu maior erat, VII. Idus Iun. diem obiit.

Hruodtrud, the emperor’s daughter, who was the elder by birth, died on June 7.

Imperator vero Aquisgrani adhuc agens et contra Godofridum regem expeditionem meditans nuntium accepit, classem ducentarum navium de Nordmannia Frisiam appulisse totasque Frisiaco litori adiacentes insulas esse vastatas iamque exercitum illum in continenti esse ternaque proelia cum Frisonibus commisisse Danosque victores tributum victis inposuisse et vectigalis nomine centum libras argenti a Frisonibus iam esse solutas, regem vero Godofridum domi esse. Et revera ita erat. Qui nuntius adeo imperatorem concitavit, ut missis in omnes circumquaque regiones ad congregandum exercitum nuntiis ipse sine mora palatio exiens primo quidem classi occurrere, deinde transmisso Rheno flumine in loco, qui Lippeham vocatur, copias, quae nondum convenerant, statuit operiri; ubi dum aliquot dies moraretur, elefans ille, quem ei Aaron rex Sarracenorum miserat, subita morte periit.

But the emperor, still residing at Aachen and meditating an expedition against King Godofrid, received a message that a fleet of two hundred ships from Northmannia had made landfall in Frisia, that all the islands adjacent to the Frisian shore had been laid waste, and that that army was now on the continent and had engaged in three battles with the Frisians; and that the Danes, as victors, had imposed tribute on the conquered, and that, under the name of a tax, one hundred pounds of silver had already been paid by the Frisians; but that King Godofrid was at home. And indeed so it was. This message so stirred the emperor that, messengers having been sent into all the regions round about to assemble the army, he himself, leaving the palace without delay, aimed first to meet the fleet, then, the river Rhine having been crossed, decided at the place which is called Lippeham to wait for the forces which had not yet gathered; where, while he tarried for several days, that elephant which Aaron, king of the Saracens, had sent to him perished by a sudden death.

Congregatis tandem copiis, quanta potuit celeritate ad Alaram fluvium contendit castrisque iuxta confluentem eius, quo Wisurae flumini coniungitur, positis minarum Godofridi regis praestolatur eventum. Nam rex ille vanissima spe victoriae inflatus acie se cum imperatore congredi velle iactabat.

With the forces at last assembled, he hastened with all the speed he could to the river Aller, and, the camp having been pitched near its confluence where it joins the Weser River, he awaited the outcome of King Godofrid’s threats. For that king, puffed up with a most vain hope of victory, was boasting that he wanted to meet the emperor in the battle-line.

Sed dum imperator memorato loco stativa haberet, diversarum rerum nuntii ad eum deferuntur. Nam et classem, quae Frisiam vastabat, domum regressam et Godofridum regem a quodam suo satellite interfectum, castellum vocabulo Hohbuoki Albiae flumini adpositum, in quo Odo legatus imperatoris et orientalium Saxonum erat praesidium, a Wilzis captum et Pippinum filium eius, regem Italiae, VIII. Idus Iulii de corpore migrasse duasque legationes de diversis terrarum partibus, unam de Constantinopoli, alteram de Corduba, pacis faciendae causa adventare narratur.

But while the emperor was holding a stationary camp in the aforesaid place, reports of various matters were brought to him. For it is related both that the fleet which was devastating Frisia had returned home, and that King Godofrid had been killed by one of his own bodyguards; that the fortress named Hohbuoki, set beside the river Elbe, in which were Odo, the emperor’s legate, and a garrison of the eastern Saxons, had been seized by the Wilzi; and that Pippin, his son, king of Italy, had departed from the body on the 8th day before the Ides of July; and that two legations from different parts of the world, one from Constantinople, the other from Cordoba, were approaching for the sake of making peace.

Quibus ille acceptis disposita pro temporis conditione Saxonia domum revertitur. Tanta fuit in ea expeditione boum pestilentia, ut pene nullus tanto exercitui superesset, quin omnes usque ad unum perirent; et non solum ibi, sed etiam per omnes imperatori subiectas provincias illius generis animalium mortalitas inmanissime grassata est.

With these received, and things arranged according to the condition of the time, he returns home to Saxony. So great was the pestilence of oxen in that expedition that scarcely any were left to so great an army, but that all, down to the last, perished; and not only there, but also throughout all the provinces subject to the emperor the mortality of animals of that kind raged most savagely.

Imperator Aquasgrani veniens mense Octimbrio memoratas legationes audivit pacemque cum Niciforo imperatore et cum Abulaz rege Hispaniae fecit. Nam Niciforo Venetiam reddidit et Haimricum comitem olim a Sarracenis captum Abulaz remittente recepit.

The emperor, coming to Aachen in the month of October, heard the aforementioned legations and made peace with Emperor Nicephorus and with Abulaz, king of Spain. For Nicephorus returned Venice, and he received Count Haimric, once captured by the Saracens, Abulaz sending him back.

Eo anno sol et luna bis defecerunt, sol VII. Idus Iun. et II. Kal.

In that year the sun and the moon were eclipsed twice, the sun on the 7th day before the Ides of June and on the 2nd day before the Kalends.

Decembr. luna XI. Kal. Iul.

December. the moon on the 11th day before the Kalends of July.

et XVIII. Kal. Ianuar.

and the 18th day before the Kalends of January.

Corsica insula iterum a Mauris vastata est.

The island of Corsica was again devastated by the Moors.

Amoroz ab Abdiraman filio Abulaz de Caesaraugusta expulsus et Oscam intrare conpulsus est.

Amoroz was expelled from Caesaraugusta by Abdiraman, son of Abulaz, and was compelled to enter Osca.

Godofrido Danorum rege mortuo Hemmingus filius fratris eius in regnum successit ac pacem cum imperatore fecit.

After Godofrid, king of the Danes, had died, Hemmingus, his brother’s son, succeeded to the kingdom and made peace with the emperor.

[811] DCCCXI. Absoluto atque dimisso Arsafio spathario - hoc erat nomen legato Nicifori imperatoris - eiusdem pacis confirmandae gratia legati Constantinopolim ab imperatore mittuntur, Haido episcopus Baslensis et Hug comes Toronicus et Aio Langobardus de Foro Iuli et cum eis Leo quidam spatharius, natione Siculus, et Willeri dux Veneticorum, quorum alter ante annos X Romae ad imperatorem, cum ibi esset, de Sicilia profugit et redire volens patriam remittitur, alter propter perfidiam honore spoliatus Constantinopolim ad dominum suum duci iubetur.

[811] 811. With Arsafius the spatharius finished and dismissed — this was the name of the envoy of Emperor Nicephorus — for the sake of confirming that same peace envoys are sent to Constantinople by the emperor: Haido, bishop of Basel, and Hugh, count of Tours, and Aio the Lombard from Forum Iulii, and with them a certain Leo, a spatharius, by nation a Sicilian, and Willeri, duke of the Venetians; of whom the one, 10 years before, at Rome to the emperor, when he was there, fled from Sicily and, wishing to return, is sent back to his fatherland, the other, stripped of honor on account of perfidy, is ordered to be led to his lord at Constantinople.

Condicta inter imperatorem et Hemmingum Danorum regem pax propter hiemis asperitatem, quae inter partes commeandi viam claudebat, in armis tantum iurata servatur, donec redeunte veris temperie et apertis viis, quae inmanitate frigoris clausae fuerunt, congredientibus ex utraque parte utriusque gentis, Francorum scilicet et Danorum, XII primoribus super fluvium Egidoram in loco, qui vocatur . . ., datis vicissim secundum ritum ac morem suum sacramentis pax confirmatur. Primores autem de parte Francorum hii fuere: Walach comes filius Bernhardi, Burchardus comes, Unrocus comes, Uodo comes, Meginhardus comes, Bernhardus comes, Egbertus comes, Theotheri comes, Abo comes, Osdag comes, Wigman comes; de parte vero Danorum inprimis fratres Hemmingi, Hancwin et Angandeo, deinde ceteri honorabiles inter suos viri, Osfrid cognomento Turdimulo et Warstein et Suomi et Urm et alius Osfrid filius Heiligen et Osfrid *de Sconaowe et Hebbi et Aowin.

The peace agreed between the emperor and Hemming, king of the Danes, because of the asperity of winter, which was closing the way of going back and forth between the parties, is kept only as sworn upon arms, until, with the temperateness of spring returning and the roads opened, which had been closed by the savageness of the cold, with 12 chiefs of each nation—namely of the Franks and of the Danes—coming together from each side over the river Egidora at the place which is called . . ., with oaths given in turn according to their rite and custom the peace is confirmed. But the chiefs on the part of the Franks were these: Walach the count, son of Bernhard; Count Burchard; Count Unruoch; Count Odo; Count Meinhard; Count Bernhard; Count Egbert; Count Theotheri; Count Abo; Count Osdag; Count Wigman; but on the part of the Danes, first the brothers of Hemming, Hancwin and Angandeo, then the other honorable men among their own, Osfrid by the cognomen Turdimulo, and Warstein and Suomi and Urm and another Osfrid, son of Heiligen, and Osfrid *de Sconaowe and Hebbi and Aowin.

Imperator vero pace cum Hemmingo firmata et placito generali secundum consuetudinem Aquis habito in tres partes regni sui totidem exercitus misit, unum trans Albiam in Linones, qui et ipsos vastavit et castellum Hohbuoki superiori anno a Wilzis distructum in ripa Albiae fluminis restauravit, alterum in Pannonias ad controversias Hunorum et Sclavorum finiendas, tertium in Brittones ad eorum perfidiam puniendam. Qui omnes rebus prospere gestis incolomes regressi sunt.

The emperor, however, peace with Hemming ratified and a general placitum held at Aachen according to custom, sent just so many armies into three parts of his realm: one across the Elbe against the Linones, which both laid waste to them and restored the castle of Hohbuoki, destroyed the previous year by the Wilzi, on the bank of the river Elbe; another into the Pannonias to bring to an end the controversies of Huns and Slavs; a third against the Britons to punish their perfidy. All of these, matters conducted prosperously, returned unharmed.

Ipse autem interea propter classem, quam anno superiore fieri imperavit, videndam ad Bononiam civitatem maritimam, ubi eaedem naves congregatae erant, accessit farumque ibi ad navigantium cursus dirigendos antiquitus constitutam restauravit et in summitate eius nocturnum ignem accendit. Inde ad Scaldim fluvium veniens in loco, qui Gand vocatur, naves ad eandem classem aedificatas aspexit et circa medium Novembrium Aquas venit. Obviarunt ei venienti legati Hemmingi regis, Aowin et Hebbi, munera regis et verba pacifica deferentes; fuerunt etiam Aquis adventum eius expectantes, qui de Pannonia venerunt, canizauci princeps Avarum et tudun et alii primores ac duces Sclavorum circa Danubium habitantium, qui a ducibus copiarum, quae in Pannoniam missae fuerunt, ad praesentiam principis iussi venerunt.

Meanwhile he himself, to view the fleet which in the previous year he had commanded to be made, went to Bononia, the maritime city, where the same ships had been congregated, and he restored there the pharos, established of old for directing the courses of mariners, and lit a nocturnal fire on its summit. Thence, coming to the river Scaldis, at the place which is called Gand, he beheld the ships built for that same fleet, and about the middle of November he came to Aachen. As he was coming there met him the envoys of King Hemming, Aowin and Hebbi, bearing the king’s gifts and words of peace; there were also at Aachen awaiting his arrival those who came from Pannonia, Canizauci, prince of the Avars, and the tudun, and other foremost men and leaders of the Slavs dwelling about the Danube, who, by the commanders of the forces that had been sent into Pannonia, had been ordered to come into the presence of the prince.

Interea Carlus filius domni imperatoris, qui maior natu erat, II. Non. Decembr. diem obiit; et imperator Aquis hiemavit.

Meanwhile Charles, the son of the lord emperor, who was the elder by birth, died on December 4; and the emperor wintered at Aachen.

[812] DCCCXII. Nec multo post Hemmingus Danorum rex defunctus nuntiatur. Cui cum Sigifridus nepos Godofridi regis et Anulo nepos Herioldi, et ipsius regis, succedere voluissent neque inter eos, uter regnare deberet, convenire potuisset, comparatis copiis et commisso proelio ambo moriuntur.

[812] 812. And not much later Hemming, king of the Danes, is reported dead. When Sigifrid, nephew of King Godofrid, and Anulo, nephew of Heriold and of the king himself, had wished to succeed him, and it had not been possible to agree between them which of them ought to reign, with forces gathered and a battle joined, both die.

Pars tamen Anulonis adepta victoriam fratres eius Herioldum et Reginfridum reges sibi constituit; quam necessario pars victa secuta eosdem sibi regnare non abnuit. In eo proelio XDCCCCXL viri cecidisse narrantur.

Nevertheless the party of Anulo, having obtained victory, constituted his brothers Heriold and Reginfrid as kings for itself; which the defeated party, following of necessity, did not refuse to have those same men reign over them. In that battle 950 men are reported to have fallen.

Niciforus imperator post multas et insignes victorias in Moesia provincia commisso cum Bulgaris proelio moritur; et Michahel gener eius imperator factus legatos domni imperatoris Karoli, qui ad Niciforum missi fuerunt, in Constantinopoli suscepit et absolvit. Cum quibus et suos legatos direxit, Michahelem scilicet episcopum et Arsafium atque Theognostum protospatharios, et per eos pacem a Niciforo inceptam confirmavit. Nam Aquisgrani, ubi ad imperatorem venerunt, scriptum pacti ab eo in ecclesia suscipientes more suo, id est Greca lingua, laudes ei dixerunt, imperatorem eum et basileum appellantes.

Nicephorus the emperor, after many and distinguished victories, dies in the province of Moesia in a battle engaged with the Bulgars; and Michael, his son-in-law, having been made emperor, received and dismissed at Constantinople the envoys of lord Emperor Charles, who had been sent to Nicephorus. With these he also sent his own envoys—namely Michael the bishop, and Arsafius and Theognostus, protospatharii—and through them he confirmed the peace begun by Nicephorus. For at Aachen, when they came to the emperor, receiving from him in the church the written text of the pact, in their own manner, that is, in the Greek language, they spoke acclamations to him, calling him imperator and basileus.

Et revertendo Romam venientes in basilica sancti Petri apostoli eundem pacti seu foederis libellum a Leone papa denuo susceperunt.

And on returning, when they came to Rome, in the basilica of Saint Peter the Apostle they received anew from Pope Leo that same booklet of the pact or treaty.

Quibus dimissis imperator generali conventu Aquis sollemniter habito Bernhardum filium Pippini, nepotem suum, in Italiam misit; et propter famam classis, quae et de Africa et de Hispania ad vastandam Italiam ventura dicebatur, Walanem filium Bernhardi patruelis sui cum illo esse iussit, quoadusque rerum eventus securitatem nostris adferret. Haec classis partim in Corsicam partim in Sardiniam venit; et ea quidem pars, quae ad Sardiniam est delata, pene tota deleta est.

With these dismissed, the emperor, a general assembly having been held solemnly at Aachen, sent Bernard, the son of Pippin, his grandson, into Italy; and, on account of the report of a fleet which was said to be coming both from Africa and from Hispania to devastate Italy, he ordered Wala, the son of Bernard his paternal cousin, to be with him, until the outcome of events should bring security to our people. This fleet came in part to Corsica and in part to Sardinia; and indeed that part which was carried to Sardinia was almost entirely destroyed.

Classis etiam Nordmannorum Hiberniam Scottorum insulam adgressa commissoque cum Scottis proelio parte non modica Nordmannorum interfecta turpiter fugiendo domum reversa est.

The fleet of the Northmen also attacked Hibernia, the island of the Scots; and, after a battle had been joined with the Scots, with no small part of the Northmen slain, it, shamefully fleeing, returned home.

Pax cum Abulaz rege Sarracenorum facta; item cum duce Beneventanorum Grimoaldo, et tributi nomine XXV milia solidorum auri a Beneventa*nis soluta.

Peace was made with Abulaz, king of the Saracens; likewise with Grimoald, duke of the Beneventans, and, under the name of tribute, 25 thousand solidi of gold were paid by the Beneventa*ns.

Expeditio facta ad Wilzos, et ab eis obsides accepti.

An expedition was made to the Wilzi, and hostages were received from them.

Harioldus et Reginfridus reges Danorum missa ad imperatorem legatione pacem petunt et fratrem suum Hemmingum sibi remitti rogant. Hoc anno Id. Mai. post meridiem solis eclypsis fuit.

Harioldus and Reginfridus, kings of the Danes, by sending a legation to the emperor, seek peace and ask that their brother Hemming be sent back to them. In this year, on the Ides of May, after midday, there was an eclipse of the sun.

[813] DCCCXIII. Imperator Aquisgrani hiemavit et incipiente verni temperie Amalharium Treverensem episcopum et Petrum abbatem monasterii Nonantulas propter pacem cum Michahele imperatore confirmandam Constantinopolim misit.

[813] 813. The emperor wintered at Aachen, and, with the vernal mildness beginning, he sent Amalharius, bishop of Trier, and Peter, abbot of the monastery of Nonantola, to Constantinople for the sake of confirming peace with Emperor Michael.

Ac deinde habito generali conventu, evocatum ad se apud Aquasgrani filium suum Hludowicum Aquitaniae regem, coronam illi inposuit et imperialis nominis sibi consortem fecit; Bernhardumque nepotem suum, filium Pippini filii sui, Italiae praefecit et regem appellari iussit. Concilia quoque iussu eius super statu ecclesiarum corrigendo per totam Galliam ab episcopis celebrata sunt, quorum unum Mogontiaci, alterum Remis, tertium Turonis, quartum Cabillione, quintum Arelati congregatum est; et constitutionum, quae in singulis factae sunt, collatio coram imperatore in illo conventu habita. Quas qui nosse voluerit, in supradictis quinque civitatibus invenire poterit, quamquam et in archivo palatii exemplaria illarum habeantur.

And then, after a general assembly had been held, having summoned to himself at Aachen his son Louis, king of Aquitaine, he set a crown upon him and made him partner with himself in the imperial name; and Bernard, his grandson, the son of his son Pippin, he set over Italy and ordered to be called king. Councils too, by his order for the correction of the state of the churches, were celebrated throughout all Gaul by the bishops, of which one was convened at Mainz, another at Reims, a third at Tours, a fourth at Chalon, a fifth at Arles; and a collation of the constitutions which were made in each was held before the emperor at that assembly. Whoever may wish to know them will be able to find them in the aforesaid five cities, although copies of them are also kept in the archive of the palace.

Missi sunt de hoc conventu quidam Francorum et Saxonum primores trans Albim fluvium ad confinia Nordmannorum, qui pacem cum eis secundum petitionem regum illorum facerent et fratrem eorum redderent. Quibus cum pari numero - nam XVI erant - de primatibus Danorum in loco deputato occurrissent, iuramentis utrimque factis pax confirmata et regum frater eis redditus est. Qui tamen eo tempore domi non erant, sed ad Westarfoldam cum exercitu profecti, quae regio ultima regni eorum inter septentrionem et occidentem sita, contra aquilonem Brittaniae summitatem respicit, cuius principes ac populus eis subici recusabant.

From this assembly certain leading men of the Franks and Saxons were sent across the Elbe river to the confines of the Northmen, to make peace with them according to the request of those kings and to return their brother. When an equal number - for they were 16 - of the leading men of the Danes met them at the appointed place, with oaths made on both sides peace was confirmed and the kings’ brother was returned to them. They, however, were not at home at that time, but had set out with an army to Westarfold, which region is the farthest of their realm, situated between north and west, facing toward the northern summit of Britain, whose chieftains and people were refusing to submit to them.

Quibus perdomitis cum revertissent et fratrem ab imperatore missum recepissent, filii Godofridi regis et ex primoribus Danorum non pauci, qui iamdudum relicta patria apud Sueones exulabant, conparatis undecumque copiis bellum eis intulerunt et confluentibus ad se passim ex omni Danorum terra popularium turmis commisso cum eis proelio etiam regno non multo eos labore pepulerunt.

When these had been thoroughly subdued and they had returned and received their brother sent by the emperor, the sons of King Godofrid and not a few from the primores of the Danes, who for a long time, their fatherland having been left, were living in exile among the Swedes, with forces gathered from everywhere brought war upon them; and as bands of their countrymen were flocking to them everywhere from all the land of the Danes, a battle having been joined with them, they drove them even from the realm with not much labor.

Mauris de Corsica ad Hispaniam cum multa praeda redeuntibus Irmiugarius comes Emporitanus in Maiorica insidias posuit et octo naves eorum cepit, in quibus quingentos et eo amplius Corsos captivos invenit. Hoc Mauri vindicare volentes Centumcellas Tusciae civitatem et Niceam provinciae Narbonensis vastaverunt. Sardiniam quoque adgressi commissoque cum Sardis proelio pulsi ac victi et multis suorum amissis recesserunt.

As the Moors were returning from Corsica to Spain with much booty, Irmiugarius, the Emporitan count, set an ambush in Majorca and captured eight of their ships, in which he found more than five hundred Corsicans captive. Wishing to avenge this, the Moors devastated Centumcellae, a city of Tuscany, and Nice in the province of Narbonensis. Having also attacked Sardinia and, a battle having been joined with the Sardinians, they were repulsed and defeated, and withdrew with many of their own lost.

At Michahel imperator Bulgaros bello adpetens haud prosperis successibus utitur ac proinde domum reversus deposito diademate monachus efficitur; in cuius locum Leo, Bardae patricii filius, imperator constituitur. Crumas rex Bulgarorum, qui Niciforum imperatorem ante duos annos interfecit et Michahelem de Moesia fugavit, secundis rebus elatus cum exercitu usque ad ipsam Constantinopolim accessit et iuxta portam civitatis castra posuit. Quem moenibus urbi obequitantem Leo imperator eruptione facta incautum *excepit et graviter vulneratum fugiendo sibi consulere ac patriam turpiter redire coegit.

But Michael the emperor, assailing the Bulgars in war, enjoys by no means prosperous successes, and accordingly, having returned home, with the diadem laid aside, he becomes a monk; in whose place Leo, son of the patrician Bardas, is established as emperor. Krum, king of the Bulgars, who killed the emperor Nicephorus two years before and drove Michael from Moesia in flight, lifted up by favorable circumstances, advanced with an army up to Constantinople itself and pitched camp near the gate of the city. As he was riding along the walls of the city, Leo the emperor, a sortie having been made, caught him off his guard and, grievously wounded, forced him to look to his safety by fleeing and to return shamefully to his homeland.

[814] DCCCXIIII. Domnus Karolus imperator, dum Aquisgrani hiemaret, anno aetatis circiter septuagesimo primo, regni autem quadragesimo septimo subactaeque Italiae quadragesimo tertio, ex quo vero imperator et augustus appellatus est, anno XIIII., V. Kal. Febr.

[814] 814. Lord Charles the emperor, while wintering at Aquisgranum, in about the 71st year of his age, but in the 47th of his reign and the 43rd since Italy was subjugated, and in the 14th year from when he was styled emperor and Augustus, on the 5th day before the Kalends of February.

rebus humanis excessit.

he departed from human affairs.

Cuius rei nuntium cum Hludowicus filius eius in Aquitania apud Teodadum villam, ubi et ipse tunc hibernabat, plurimis deferentibus accepisset, tricesimo, postquam id acciderat, die Aquasgrani venit summoque omnium Francorum consensu ac favore patri successit. Et ad suscepti regni administrationem cura conversa primo legationes gentium, quae ad patrem venerant, auditas absolvit, alias deinde simili modo ad patrem quidem missas, ad se vero venientes suscepit.

Upon the report of this having been conveyed by very many, when Louis his son, in Aquitaine at a villa called Theodadus—where he too was then wintering—had received it, on the thirtieth day after it had occurred he came to Aachen, and with the highest unanimity and favor of all the Franks he succeeded his father. And with his care turned to the administration of the kingdom he had assumed, he first, the legations of the nations that had come to his father having been heard, dismissed them; then in like manner he received others which had indeed been sent to his father but were coming to himself.

Inter quas praecipua fuit legatio de Constantinopoli directa. Nam Leo imperator, qui Michaheli successerat, dimisso Amalhario episcopo et Petro abbate, qui ad Michahelem quidem missi, ad se tamen venerunt, legatos suos, Christoforum spatarium et Gregorium diaconem, cum eis ad domnum Karolum et per eos descriptionem et confirmationem pacti ac foederis misit. Quibus susceptis atque dimissis domnus Hludowicus legatos suos, Nordbertum Regiensem episcopum et Richoinum Patavinum comitem, ad Leonem imperatorem ob renovandam secum amicitiam et praedictum pactum confirmandum direxit.

Among these the chief was a legation sent from Constantinople. For Leo the emperor, who had succeeded Michael, after dismissing Bishop Amalharius and Abbot Peter—who had indeed been sent to Michael, yet came to him—sent his own envoys, Christopher the spatharius and Gregory the deacon, with them to lord Charles, and through them a description and confirmation of the pact and treaty. After these had been received and dismissed, lord Louis sent his own envoys, Nordbert, bishop of Reggio, and Richoin, count of Padua, to Emperor Leo to renew friendship with him and to confirm the aforesaid pact.

Habitoque Aquisgrani generali populi sui conventu ad iustitias faciendas et oppressiones popularium relevandas legatos in omnes regni sui partes dimisit, Bernhardum regem Italiae, nepotem suum, ad se evocatum muneribus donatum in regnum remisit, cum Grimoaldo Beneventanorum duce pactum fecit atque firmavit, eo modo, quo et pater, scilicet ut Beneventani tributum annis singulis VII milia solidos darent; tunc duos ex filiis suis, Hlotharium in Baioariam, Pippinum in Aquitaniam misit.

Having held at Aachen a general assembly of his people for doing justices and for relieving the oppressions of the commoners, he sent legates into all parts of his realm; Bernard, king of Italy, his nephew, having been summoned to him and presented with gifts, he sent back into the kingdom; with Grimoald, duke of the Beneventans, he made and ratified a pact, in the same manner as his father, namely that the Beneventans should give as tribute each year 7,000 solidi; then he sent two of his sons, Lothar into Bavaria, Pippin into Aquitaine.

Harioldus et Reginfridus reges Danorum, qui anno superiore a filiis Godofridi victi et regno pulsi fuerunt, reparatis viribus iterum eis bellum intulerunt; in quo conflictu et Reginfridus et unus de filiis Godofridi, qui maior natu erat, interfectus est. Quo facto Herioldus rebus suis diffidens ad imperatorem venit et se in manus illius commendavit; quem ille susceptum in Saxoniam ire et oportunum tempus exspectare iussit, quo ei, sicut petierat, auxilium ferre potuisset.

Harold and Reginfrid, kings of the Danes, who in the previous year had been defeated by the sons of Godfrid and driven from the kingdom, with their forces repaired again brought war upon them; in which conflict both Reginfrid and one of the sons of Godfrid, who was the elder by birth, was slain. This done, Harold, distrusting his own affairs, came to the emperor and commended himself into his hands; whom he, having received, ordered to go into Saxony and to await an opportune time, at which he could, as he had requested, bring him aid.

[*815] DCCCXV. Iussum est ab imperatore, ut Saxones et Abodriti ad hanc expeditionem praepararentur, temptatumque in illa hieme duabus vicibus, si Albia transiri posset, sed mutatione subita aeris emolliti glacie fluminis resoluta negotium remansit inperfectum, donec tandem hieme transacta circa medium fere Maium mensem oportunum proficiscendi tempus adrisit. Tunc omnes Saxonici comites omnesque Abodritorum copiae cum legato imperatoris Baldrico, sicut iussum erat, ad auxilium Harioldo ferendum trans Egidoram fluvium in terram Nordmannorum vocabulo Sinlendi perveniunt et inde profecti septimo tandem die in loco, qui dicitur.

[*815] 815. It was ordered by the emperor that the Saxons and the Abodrites be prepared for this expedition, and it was attempted in that winter twice to see whether the Elbe could be crossed; but with a sudden change of the air, the ice of the river softened and loosened, the business remained unfinished, until at length, the winter having passed, about almost the middle of the month of May a favorable time for setting out smiled. Then all the Saxon counts and all the forces of the Abodrites, with the imperial legate Baldric, as had been ordered, to bring aid to Hariold, cross over the river Eider into the land of the Northmen by the name Sinlendi, and thence, setting out, on the seventh day at last, to the place which is called.

., in litore oceani castra ponunt. Ibique stativis triduo habitis, cum filii Godofridi, qui contra eos magnis copiis et ducentarum navium classe conparata in insula quadam tribus milibus a continenti separata residebant, cum eis congredi non auderent, vastatis circumquaque vicinis pagis et acceptis popularium obsidibus XL ad imperatorem in Saxoniam reversi sunt. Ipse enim tunc temporis in loco, qui dicitur Padrebrunno, generalem populi sui conventum habebat.

., on the shore of the ocean they pitch camp. And there, having maintained a standing camp for three days, since the sons of Godofrid—who, with great forces and a fleet of two hundred ships prepared, were stationed on a certain island separated from the mainland by three miles—did not dare to engage with them, after ravaging the neighboring villages all around and receiving 40 hostages from the locals, they returned to the emperor in Saxony. For at that time he himself was holding a general assembly of his people in the place which is called Padrebrunno.

Ibi ad eum omnes orientalium Sclavorum primores et legati venerunt.

There all the chieftains and legates of the eastern Slavs came to him.

Sed antequam illuc veniret, id est cum adhuc domi esset, adlatum est ei, quosdam de primoribus Romanorum ad interficiendum Leonem papam in ipsa urbe Roma conspirasse ac deinde, cum huius causae indicium ad pontificem esset delatum, omnes illius factionis auctores ipsius iussu fuisse trucidatos. Quod cum moleste ferret, ordinatis tunc Sclavorum et Herioldi rebus ipsoque in Saxonia dimisso, cum ad Franconofurd palatium venisset, Bernhardum regem Italiae, nepotem suum, qui et ipse cum eo in Saxonia fuerat, ad cognoscendum, quod nuntiabatur, Romam mittit. Is cum Romam venisset, aegritudine decubuit, res tamen, quas compererat, per Geroldum comitem, qui ad hoc ei legatus fuerat datus, imperatori mandavit.

But before he came there—that is, while he was still at home—it was brought to him that certain of the foremost men of the Romans had conspired to kill Pope Leo in the very city of Rome, and then, when notice of this matter had been conveyed to the pontiff, all the authors of that faction, by his order, had been slaughtered. As he took this ill, once the affairs of the Slavs and of Heriold had then been set in order, and with him left behind in Saxony, when he had come to the palace at Franconofurd, he sends Bernard, king of Italy, his nephew—who also had been with him in Saxony—to Rome to ascertain what was being reported. When he had come to Rome, he fell sick; nevertheless, the matters which he had discovered he conveyed to the emperor through Count Gerold, who had been given to him as envoy for this purpose.

Quem legati pontificis, Iohannes episcopus Silvae candidae et Theodorus nomenclator et Sergius dux, subsecuti de his, quae domino suo obiciebantur, per omnia imperatori satisfecerunt.

Whom the pontiff’s envoys—John, bishop of Silva Candida, and Theodore the nomenclator, and Sergius the duke—having followed after, in all things satisfied the emperor concerning the matters that were being alleged against their lord.

Legati Sardorum de Carali civitate dona ferentes venerunt.

The legates of the Sardinians from the city of Caralis came bearing gifts.

Pax, quae cum Abulaz rege Sarracenorum facta et per triennium servata erat, velut inutilis rupta et contra eum iterum bellum susceptum est.

The peace which had been made with Abulaz, king of the Saracens, and kept for three years, was broken as if useless, and war was undertaken against him again.

Nordbertus episcopus et Richoinus comes de Constantinopoli regressi descriptionem pacti, quam Leo imperator eis dederat, detulerunt; qui inter cetera terrae motum gravissimum mense Augusto per continuos quinque dies ibi contigisse retulerunt, quo et ipsius urbis aedificia conplura cecidisse et aliarum civitatum populos ruinis oppressos esse testati sunt. Sed et in Gallia Santones, civitas Aquitaniae, mense Septembrio dicitur tremuisse. Rhenus fluvius Alpinis imbribus auctus ultra solitum exundavit.

Bishop Nordbert and Count Richoin, having returned from Constantinople, brought the description of the pact which Emperor Leo had given to them; who, among other things, reported that a most severe earthquake had happened there in the month of August for five continuous days, and they attested that both several buildings of the city itself had fallen and the peoples of other cities had been overwhelmed by ruins. But also in Gaul the Santones, a city of Aquitania, is said to have trembled in the month of September. The river Rhine, increased by Alpine rains, overflowed beyond the customary.

Romani, cum Leonem papam aegritudine decubuisse viderent, collecta manu omnia praedia, quae idem pontifex in singularum civitatum territoriis noviter construxit, primo diripiunt, deinde inmisso igne cremant, tum Romam ire statuunt et, quae sibi erepta querebantur, violenter auferre. Quo comperto Bernhardus rex missa manu per Winigisum ducem Spolitinum et seditionem illam sedavit et eos ab incepto desistere fecit, quaeque gesta erant, per legatos suos imperatori nuntiavit.

The Romans, when they saw that Pope Leo had fallen ill and was bedridden, having gathered a band, first plunder all the estates which that same pontiff had newly constructed in the territories of the several cities; then, fire having been set, they burn them; then they resolve to go to Rome and violently to carry off the things which they complained had been snatched from them. When this was learned, King Bernard sent a force by Winigisus, the Duke of Spoleto, and quelled that sedition and made them desist from their undertaking, and he announced to the emperor through his envoys the things that had been done.

[*816] DCCCXVI. Hieme transacta Saxones et orientales Franci expeditionem in Sorabos Sclavos, qui dicto audientes non erant, facere iussi imperata strenue compleverunt et contumacium audaciam non magno labore compresserunt. Nam una civitate expugnata, quicquid in ea gente rebelle videbatur, subiectione promissa conquievit.

[*816] 816. With winter over, the Saxons and the eastern Franks, ordered to make an expedition against the Sorbs, Slavs who were not obedient to command, vigorously fulfilled the things enjoined and, with no great labor, compressed the audacity of the contumacious. For, once a single city had been taken by storm, whatever in that people seemed rebellious grew quiet upon a promise of subjection.

Wascones, qui trans Garonnam et circa Pirineum montem habitant, propter sublatum ducem suum nomine Sigiwinum, quem imperator ob nimiam eius insolentiam ac morum pravitatem inde sustulerat, solita levitate commoti coniuratione facta omnimoda defectione desciverunt; sed duabus expeditionibus ita sunt edomiti, ut tarda eis deditio et pacis impetratio videretur.

The Wascones, who dwell beyond the Garonne and around the Pyrenean mountain, because their duke by the name Sigiwinus had been removed—whom the emperor had taken away from there on account of his excessive insolence and depravity of morals—stirred by their accustomed levity, with a conspiracy formed, seceded in an all-out defection; but by two expeditions they were so subdued that surrender and the obtaining of peace seemed slow to them.

Interea domnus Leo papa anno pontificatus sui vicesimo primo circiter VIII. Kal. Iun.

Meanwhile the lord Pope Leo, in the 21st year of his pontificate, about 8 days before the Kalends of June.

de corpore migravit, Stephanusque diaconus in locum eius electus atque ordinatus est; nondumque duobus post consecrationem suam exactis mensibus quam maximis poterat itineribus ad imperatorem venire contendit, missis interim duobus legatis, qui quasi pro sua consecratione imperatori suggererent. Quod ubi imperator audivit, Remis ei statuit occurrere missisque obviam his, qui eum illo deducerent, adventum eius praeveniens cum magno eum ibidem honore suscepit. Qui statim imperatori adventus sui causam insinuans celebratis ex more missarum sollemniis eum diadematis inpositione coronavit.

departed from the body, and Stephen the deacon was elected and ordained in his place; and with not yet two months elapsed after his consecration, he strove to come to the emperor with the utmost speed he could in journeys, while in the meantime two legates were sent, who were to suggest to the emperor as if on behalf of his consecration. When the emperor heard this, he resolved to meet him at Reims, and, sending forward those to meet him who would escort him thither, anticipating his arrival he received him there with great honor. He, straightway making known to the emperor the cause of his coming, after the solemnities of the Mass had been celebrated according to custom, crowned him by the imposition of the diadem.

Multis deinde inter eos muneribus et datis et acceptis conviviisque opipare celebratis et amicitia vicissim firmissimo robore constituta aliisque utilitatibus sanctae Dei ecclesiae pro temporis oportunitate dispositis pontifex Romam, imperator Compendium palatium petiit.

Then, with many gifts between them both given and received, and with banquets sumptuously celebrated, and with friendship in turn established with the firmest strength, and with other benefits for the holy Church of God arranged according to the opportunity of the time, the pontiff made for Rome, the emperor for the Compendium palace.

Ibi commoratus legatos Abodritorum et de Hispania legatos Abdirahman filii Abulaz regis ad se missos suscepit; completisque ibi viginti vel eo amplius diebus Aquasgrani ad hiemandum profectus est.

There having tarried, he received the envoys of the Abodrites and, from Spain, the envoys of Abdirahman, the son of King Abulaz, sent to him; and with twenty or more days completed there, he set out for Aachen to winter.

[817] DCCCXVII. Legati Abdirahman, filii Abulaz regis Sarracenorum, de Caesaraugusta missi pacis petendae gratia venerunt, et Compendio ab imperatore auditi Aquasgrani eum praecedere iussi sunt. Quo cum pervenisset, legatum Leonis imperatoris de Constantinopoli pro Dalmatinorum causa missum Niciforum nomine suscepit; quem etiam, quia Cadolah, ad quem illorum confinium cura pertinebat, non aderat et tamen brevi venturus putabatur, adventum illius iussit opperiri.

[817] 817. The envoys of Abdirahman, son of Abulaz, king of the Saracens, sent from Caesaraugusta, came for the sake of seeking peace; and, having been heard by the emperor at Compendium, they were ordered to go on ahead of him to Aquasgrani. When he had arrived there, he received the envoy of Emperor Leo from Constantinople, sent on account of the Dalmatian cause, by the name Niciforus; whom also, because Cadolah, to whom the care of their frontier pertained, was not present and yet was thought likely to come shortly, he ordered to await that man’s arrival.

Quo veniente ratio inter eum et legatum imperatoris de questionibus, quas idem detulit, habita est; et quia res ad plurimos et Romanos et Sclavos pertinebat neque sine illorum praesentia finiri posse videbatur, illo decernenda differtur, missusque ad hoc cum Cadolane et praedicto legato in Dalmatiam Albgarius, Unrochi nepos. Legati etiam Abdirahman, cum tribus mensibus detenti essent et iam de reditu desperare coepissent, remissi sunt.

Upon his coming, a discussion was held between him and the emperor’s legate about the questions which the same had brought; and because the matter pertained to very many, both Romans and Slavs, and did not seem able to be settled without their presence, the thing to be decided was deferred thither; and for this Albgarius, nephew of Unroch, was sent into Dalmatia with Cadolah and the aforesaid legate. The envoys also of Abdirahman, after they had been detained for three months and had already begun to despair of a return, were sent back.

Filii quoque Godofridi regis Danorum propter assiduam Herioldi infestationem missa ad imperatorem legatione pacem petunt eamque a se servandam pollicentur; sed cum haec simulata magis quam veracia viderentur, velut inania neglecta sunt, et auxilium contra eos Herioldo datum.

The sons also of Godofrid, king of the Danes, on account of the incessant harrying by Heriold, by a legation sent to the emperor seek peace and promise that it will be observed by themselves; but since these things seemed feigned rather than veracious, they were neglected as inane, and aid was given to Heriold against them.

Luna Non. Febr. hora noctis secunda defecit, et cometes in signo Agitatoris apparuit.

On the Nones of February, at the second hour of the night, the Moon was eclipsed, and a comet appeared in the sign of the Charioteer.

Interea Stephanus papa tertio, postquam Romam venerat, mense, sed nondum exacto, circiter VIII. Kal. Febr.

Meanwhile Pope Stephen III, after he had come to Rome, in the third month, but not yet completed, about January 25.

diem obiit. Cui Paschalis successor electus post completam sollemniter ordinationem suam et munera et excusatoriam imperatori misit epistolam, in qua sibi non solum nolenti, sed etiam plurimum renitenti pontificatus honorem velut inpactum adseverat. Missa tamen alia legatione pactum, quod cum praecessoribus suis factum erat, etiam secum fieri et firmari rogavit.

he died. To him Paschal, elected as successor, after his own ordination had been solemnly completed, sent to the emperor both gifts and an excusatory epistle, in which he avers that the honor of the pontificate was, as it were, thrust upon him, he himself being not only unwilling but even very much resisting. Nevertheless, another legation having been sent, he asked that the pact which had been made with his predecessors be made also with himself and be confirmed.

Hanc legationem Theodorus nomenclator et detulit et ea, quae petierat, impetravit.

This embassy the nomenclator Theodorus both conveyed and obtained the things which he had requested.

Feria quinta, qua cena Domini celebratur, cum imperator ab ecclesia peracto sacro officio remearet, lignea porticus, per quam incedebat, cum et fragili materia esset aedificata et tunc iam marcida et putrefacta, quae contignationem et tabulatum sustinebant, transtra pondus aliquod ferre non possent, incedentem desuper imperatorem subita ruina cum viginti et eo amplius hominibus, qui una ibant, ad terram usque deposuit. Qui casus cum plerosque ex his, qui simul deciderant, graviter adfecisset, illi tamen nihil aliud laesionis intulit, praeter quod capulo gladii, quo accinctus erat, imi pectoris pars sinistra contusa est et auris dextra in parte posteriore vulnerata, femur quoque dextrum cuiusdam ligni pondere iuxta inguina conlisum. Sed instantia medicorum, qui ei curam adhibebant, summa celeritate convaluit.

On Thursday, on which the Lord’s Supper is celebrated, when the emperor was returning from the church after the sacred office had been performed, the wooden portico through which he was proceeding—since it had been constructed of fragile material and was by then already decayed and putrefied, the framework and flooring being supported by cross-beams that could bear no weight—by a sudden collapse set the emperor, as he was walking above, down to the very ground, together with twenty and more men who were going with him. Although this fall grievously affected several of those who fell together, it brought to him, however, no other injury, except that by the hilt of the sword with which he was girt the left part of the lower chest was bruised, and the right ear was wounded in its posterior part, and the right thigh likewise was bruised by the weight of a certain piece of wood near the groin. But by the assiduity of the physicians who applied care to him, he recovered with the utmost speed.

Nam vicesima, postquam id acciderat, die Noviomagum profectus venatu sese exercebat.

For on the twentieth day after that had happened, having set out to Noviomagus, he was exercising himself in hunting.

Unde reversus generalem populi sui conventum Aquisgrani more solito habuit, in quo filium suum primogenitum Hlotharium coronavit et nominis atque imperii sui socium sibi constituit, caeteros reges appellatos unum Aquitaniae, alterum Baioariae praefecit. Conventu peracto, cum Vosegi saltum venandi gratia peteret, obvios habuit legatos Leonis imperatoris; quos cum in Ingilenhaim palatio iuxta Mogontiacum civitatem audisset ac legationem eorum non aliam esse, nisi quam Niciforus eiusdem imperatoris legatus proxime adtulerat, comperisset, celeriter absolutos dimisit et, quo tendebat, proficiscitur.

Whence returning, he held at Aachen, in the customary manner, the general convention of his people, in which he crowned his firstborn son Lothar and appointed him to himself as associate in his name and empire; the others he styled kings and set one over Aquitaine, the other over Bavaria. The convention having been completed, when he was making for the Vosges woodland for the sake of hunting, he met legates of Emperor Leo; and when he had heard them in the palace of Ingelheim near the city of Mainz and had learned that their legation was no other than that which Nicephorus, legate of the same emperor, had lately brought, he quickly dismissed them, and set out for the place to which he was tending.

Nuntiataque defectione Abodritorum et Sclaomiri comitibus tantum, qui iuxta Albim in praesidio residere solebant, ut terminos sibi commissos tuerentur, per legatum mandavit. Causa defectionis erat, quod regiam potestatem, quam Sclaomir eatenus post mortem Thrasconis solus super Abodritos tenebat, cum Ceadrago filio Thrasconis partiri iubebatur; quae res illum tam graviter exacerbavit, ut adfirmaret se numquam posthac Albim fluvium transiturum neque ad palatium venturum. Statim missa trans mare legatione iunxit amicitias cum filiis Godofridi et, ut exercitus in Saxoniam Transalbianam mitteretur, impetravit.

And with the defection of the Abodriti and of Sclaomir reported, he ordered through a legate only the counts who were accustomed to reside in garrison near the Elbe to guard the boundaries entrusted to them. The cause of the defection was that the royal power which Sclaomir up to that time, after the death of Thrasco, held alone over the Abodriti, he was being ordered to share with Ceadrag, the son of Thrasco; which matter so gravely exasperated him that he declared he would never thereafter cross the river Elbe nor come to the palace. Immediately, with a legation sent across the sea, he entered into alliance with the sons of Godofrid and obtained that an army be sent into Transalbian Saxony.

Nam et classis eorum per Albiam usque ad Esesfeld castellum venit, quae totam Sturiae fluminis ripam devastavit, et Gluomi custos Nordmannici limitis pedestres copias ducens simul cum Abodritis terreno itinere ad ipsum castellum accessit. Quibus cum nostri fortiter restitissent, omissa castelli obpugnatione discesserunt.

For their fleet also came up the Elbe as far as the castle of Esesfeld, which devastated the whole bank of the Sturia river; and Gluomi, the warden of the Northmen frontier, leading infantry forces, advanced together with the Abodrites by a land route to the castle itself. When our men stoutly resisted them, they abandoned the assault on the castle and withdrew.

Interea cum imperator venatione peracta de Vosego Aquasgrani reverteretur, nuntiatum est ei, Bernhardum nepotem suum, Italiae regem, quorundam pravorum hominum consilio tyrannidem meditatum iam omnes aditus, quibus in Italiam intratur, id est clusas, impositis firmasse praesidiis atque omnes Italiae civitates in illius verba iurasse; quod ex parte verum, ex parte falsum erat. Ad quos motus comprimendos cum ex tota Gallia atque Germania congregato summa celeritate magno exercita imperator Italiam intrare festinasset, Bernhardus rebus suis diffidens, maxime quod se a suis cotidie deseri videbat, armis depositis apud Cavillionem imperatori se tradidit; quem ceteri secuti non solum armis depositis se dediderunt, verum ultro et ad primam interrogationem omnia, uti gesta erant, aperuerunt. Huius coniurationis principes fuere Eggideo, inter amicos regis primus, et Reginhardus camerarius eius et Reginharius Meginharii comitis filius, cuius maternus avus Hardradus olim in Germania cum multis ex ea provincia nobilibus contra Karolum imperatorem coniuravit.

Meanwhile, when the emperor, the hunt having been completed, was returning from the Vosges to Aachen, it was announced to him that Bernard his nephew, king of Italy, by the counsel of certain depraved men, meditating tyranny, had already secured all the approaches by which one enters Italy, that is, the passes, by imposing garrisons, and that all the cities of Italy had sworn to his allegiance; which was in part true, in part false. To suppress these commotions, when the emperor, with a great army assembled out of all Gaul and Germany with the utmost celerity, had hastened to enter Italy, Bernard, distrusting his own affairs, especially because he saw himself being deserted by his own day by day, with arms laid down surrendered himself to the emperor at Cavillon; the rest, following him, not only surrendered with their arms laid down, but moreover, even at the first interrogation, opened up everything, just as it had been done. The chiefs of this conspiracy were Eggideo, foremost among the king’s friends, and Reginhard, his chamberlain, and Reginharius, the son of Count Meginharius, whose maternal grandfather Hardradus once in Germany conspired against Emperor Charles with many nobles from that province.

Erant praeterea et alii multi praeclari et nobiles viri, qui in eodem scelere deprehensi sunt, inter quos et aliqui episcopi, Anshelmus Mediolanensis et Wolfoldus Cremonensis et Theodulfus Aurelianensis.

There were moreover many other distinguished and noble men, who were apprehended in the same crime, among whom also some bishops: Anselm of Milan, Wolfold of Cremona, and Theodulf of Orléans.

[*818] DCCCXVIII. Detecta fraude et coniuratione patefacta ac seditiosis omnibus in potestatem suam redactis imperator Aquasgrani revertitur; transactoque quadragesimali ieiunio paucis post sanctum pascha diebus coniurationis auctores, qui superius nominati sunt, simul et regem iudicio Francorum capitali sententia condemnatos luminibus tantum iussit orbari, episcopos synodali decreto depositos monasteriis mancipari, caeteros, prout quisque vel nocentior vel innocentior apparebat, vel exilio deportari vel detondi atque in monasteriis conversari.

[*818] 818. The fraud having been detected and the conspiracy laid open, and all the seditious reduced into his power, the emperor returned to Aquasgrani; and the quadragesimal fast having been completed, a few days after Holy Pascha, the authors of the conspiracy, who were named above, together with the king, though condemned by the judgment of the Franks with a capital sentence, he ordered to be deprived only of their eyes; the bishops, deposed by synodal decree, to be consigned to monasteries; the rest, as each appeared either more guilty or more innocent, either to be deported into exile or to be shorn and to live in monasteries.

Atque his ita dispositis ipse cum maximo exercitu Brittaniam adgressus generalem conventum Venedis habuit. Inde memoratam provinciam ingressus captis rebellium munitionibus brevi totam in suam potestatem non magno labore redegit. Nam postquam Mormanus, qui in ea praeter solitum Brittonibus morem regiam sibi vindicaverat potestatem, ab exercitu imperatoris occisus est, nullus Britto inveniebatur, qui resisteret aut qui imperata facere aut qui obsides, qui iubebantur, dare rennueret.

And with these things thus arranged, he himself, having advanced with a very great army upon Brittany, held a general convention with the Veneti. Thence, having entered the aforementioned province, the fortifications of the rebels being taken, he in a short time, with no great labor, reduced the whole into his own power. For after Morman, who in that region had claimed for himself royal authority contrary to the Britons’ accustomed usage, was slain by the emperor’s army, no Briton was found who would resist, or who would refuse either to do what was commanded or to give the hostages that were being ordered.

Qua expeditione completa cum imperator dimisso exercitu Andecavos civitatem esset reversus, Irmingardis regina, coniux eius, quam proficiscens ibi aegrotantem dimiserat, duobus diebus postquam ipse ad eam venit, morbo invalescente V. Non. Octobr. decessit.

With this expedition completed, when the emperor, the army having been dismissed, had returned to the city of Angers, Queen Irmingard, his consort, whom on setting out he had left there ill, two days after he himself came to her, as the disease grew worse, died on the 5th day before the Nones of October.

Eclypsis solis contigit VIII. Id. Iul. Imperator per Ratumagum et per Ambianos et Camaracum Aquasgrani ad hibernandum reversus, cum Heristallium venisset, obvios habuit legatos Sigonis ducis Beneventanorum dona deferentes eumque de nece Grimoldi ducis antecessoris sui excusantes.

A solar eclipse occurred on 8 July. The emperor, returning to Aquaegrani to winter by way of Ratumagus and through the Ambiani and Camaracum, when he had come to Heristallium, encountered envoys of Sigo, duke of the Beneventans, bearing gifts and excusing him for the killing of Grimoald, the duke, his predecessor.

Erant ibi et aliarum nationum legati, Abodritorum videlicet ac Bornae, ducis Guduscanorum, et Timocianorum, qui nuper a Bulgarorum societate desciverant et ad nostros fines se contulerant, simul et Liudewiti, ducis Pannoniae inferioris, qui res novas moliens Cadolaum comitem et marcae Foroiuliensis praefectum crudelitatis atque insolentiae accusare conabatur. Quibus ibi auditis atque dimissis imperator Aquasgrani ad hiemandum profectus est.

There too were envoys of other nations, namely of the Abodrites and of Borna, duke of the Guduscani, and of the Timocians, who had lately defected from the fellowship of the Bulgars and had betaken themselves to our borders, and likewise of Liudewit, duke of Lower Pannonia, who, contriving innovations, was trying to accuse Cadolo, count and prefect of the March of Friuli, of cruelty and insolence. After these had been heard there and dismissed, the emperor set out for Aachen to winter.

[819] DCCCXVIIII. Sclaomir Abodritorum rex, ob cuius perfidiam ulciscendam exercitus Saxonum et orientalium Francorum eodem anno trans Albiam missus fuerat, per praefectos Saxonici limitis et legatos imperatoris, qui exercitui praeerant, Aquasgrani adductus est. Quem cum primores populi sui, qui simul iussi venerant, multis criminibus accusarent et ille rationabili defensione obiecta sibi refellere non valeret, exilio condempnatus est et regnum Ceadrago Thrasconis filio datum.

[819] 819. Sclaomir, king of the Abodrites, on account of whose perfidy to be avenged an army of the Saxons and the Eastern Franks had in the same year been sent across the Elbe, was brought to Aquasgrani by the prefects of the Saxon frontier and the emperor’s legates, who were in command of the army. When the leading men of his people, who had likewise been ordered to come, were accusing him of many crimes, and he was not able to refute what was alleged against him with a reasonable defense, he was condemned to exile, and the kingship was given to Ceadrago, the son of Thrasco.

Simili modo et Lupus Centulli Wasco, qui cum Berengario Tolosae et Warino Arverni comite eodem anno proelio conflixit, - in quo et fratrem Garsandum singularis amentiae hominem amisit et ipse, nisi sibi fugiendo consuleret, prope interitum fuit, - cum in conspectum imperatoris venisset ac de perfidia, cuius a memoratis comitibus inmane accusabatur, se purgare non potuisset, et ipse temporali est exilio deportatus.

Similarly also Lupus, the Wascon, son of Centullus, who with Berengar of Toulouse and Warin, count of Auvergne, fought a battle in the same year, - in which he also lost his brother Garsand, a man of singular madness, and he himself, unless he took counsel for himself by fleeing, was near to destruction, - when he had come into the emperor’s sight and had not been able to purge himself of the perfidy of which he was being monstrously accused by the aforementioned counts, he too was deported to temporal exile.

Conventus Aquisgrani post natalem Domini habitus, in quo multa de statu ecclesiarum et monasteriorum tractata atque ordinata sunt, legibus etiam capitula quaedam pernecessaria, quia deerant, conscripta atque addita sunt. Quo peracto imperator inspectis plerisque nobilium filiabus Huelpi comitis filiam nomine Iudith duxit uxorem.

An assembly at Aachen was held after the Nativity of the Lord, in which many matters concerning the state of the churches and monasteries were discussed and set in order; to the laws also certain chapters most necessary—because they were lacking—were written and added. When this was completed, the emperor, after inspecting many daughters of the nobility, took to wife the daughter of Count Welf by name Judith.

Iterumque conventus mense Iulio apud Ingilunheim palatium habitus et exercitus de Italia in Pannoniam propter Liudewiti rebellionem missus, qui rebus parum prospere gestis infecto pene negotio regressus est. Et Liudewitus superbia elatus legatos quasi pacem petendo ad imperatorem misit, conditiones quasdam proponens, ad quarum concessionem ea, quae iuberentur, se facturum pollicebatur. Quas cum imperator non reciperet aliasque ei per suos legatos proponeret, permanendum sibi in inchoata perfidia velut optimum iudicans missis circumquaque legatis vicinas iuxta se gentes ad bellum sollicitare curavit.

And again an assembly was held in the month of July at the palace of Ingilunheim, and an army was sent from Italy into Pannonia on account of Liudewitus’s rebellion, which, with affairs conducted not very prosperously, returned with the business almost undone. And Liudewitus, exalted by pride, sent envoys to the emperor as if seeking peace, proposing certain conditions, upon the concession of which he was promising to do the things that might be ordered. When the emperor did not accept these and proposed others to him through his own envoys, judging it best to persist for himself in the perfidy he had begun, he took care, with envoys sent on every side, to solicit to war the neighboring peoples next to him.

Timocianorum quoque populum, qui dimissa Bulgarorum societate ad imperatorum venire ac dicioni eius se permittere gestiebat, ne hoc efficeret, ita intercepit ac falsis persuasionibus inlexit, ut omisso, quod facere cogitabat, perfidiae illius socius et adiutor existeret.

He likewise intercepted the people of the Timocians, who, having dismissed their alliance with the Bulgars, were eager to come to the emperor and to submit themselves to his dominion, and, lest they should effect this, he so waylaid and enticed them with false persuasions that, abandoning what he had been intending to do, he became an associate and helper of that perfidy.

Exercitu vero de Pannonia reverso Cadolach dux Foroiuliensis febre correptus in ipsa marca decessit. Cui cum Baldricus esset subrogatus et in Carantanorum regionem, quae ad ipsius curam pertinebat, fuisset ingressus, obvium ibi habuit Liudewiti exercitum; quem iuxta Dravum fluvium iter agentem parva manu adgressus pluribus interfectis et avertit et de illa provincia fugavit.

But when the army had returned from Pannonia, Cadolah, duke of Friuli, seized by fever, died in that very march. In his place Baldric was subrogated; and when he had entered the region of the Carantanians, which pertained to his care, he there encountered Liudewit’s army, which, as it was making its way near the Drava river, he attacked with a small band, and, with many slain, both turned it aside and drove it out of that province.

Borna vero dux Dalmatiae cum magnis copiis ad Colapium fluvium Liudewito ad se venienti occurrens in prima congressione a Guduscanis deseritur; auxilio tamen praetorianorum suorum protectus evasit. Periit in eo proelio Dragamosus socer Liudewiti, qui in exordio defectionis relicto genero Bornae se coniunxerat.

Borna, however, duke of Dalmatia, with great forces, meeting Liudewit—who was coming to him—at the river Colapis, was deserted by the Guduscani in the first engagement; nevertheless, protected by the aid of his own praetorians, he escaped. In that battle Dragamosus, Liudewit’s father-in-law, perished, who at the beginning of the revolt, after abandoning his son-in-law, had joined himself to Borna.

Guduscani domum regressi iterum a Borna subiguntur. At Liudewitus occasionem nanctus cum valida manu Decembrio mense Dalmatiam ingressus, ferro et igni cuncta devastat. Cui cum Borna se penitus inparem conspiceret, omnia sua castellis inclusit et ipse cum delecta manu nunc a tergo nunc a latere insistens Liudewiti copias et noctu et interdiu, quacumque poterat, laceravit neque eum in sua provincia inpune versari permisit; ad extremum gravi damno adfectum regione sua coegit excedere, tribus hominum milibus de exercitu illius interfectis et trecentis vel eo amplius caballis captis praeter sarcinas et spolia diversi generis direpta; quae qualiter gesta fuerint, per legatos suos imperatori nuntiare curavit.

The Guduscans, having returned home, are again subdued by Borna. But Liudewitus, having seized the occasion, with a strong force, in the month of December having entered Dalmatia, devastates everything with iron and fire. Since, in relation to him, Borna saw himself wholly unequal, he enclosed all his possessions in forts, and he himself, with a chosen band, pressing now from the rear, now from the flank, lacerated Liudewitus’s forces both by night and by day, wherever he could, nor did he allow him to move about with impunity in his own province; at last, having afflicted him with heavy loss, he forced him to withdraw from his region, with three thousand men of his army killed and three hundred or even more horses captured, besides baggage and spoils of various kinds plundered; he took care to report to the emperor by his envoys how these things were carried out.

At in partibus occiduis Pippinus imperatoris filius iussu patris Wasconiam cum exercitu ingressus sublatis ex ea seditiosis totam eam provinciam ita pacavit, ut nullus in ea rebellis aut inoboediens remansisse videretur.

But in the western parts, Pippin, the emperor's son, by his father's order, entered Wasconia with an army; having removed the seditious from it, he so pacified that whole province that no rebel or disobedient person seemed to have remained in it.

Harioldus quoque iussu imperatoris ad naves suas per Abodritos reductus in patriam quasi regnum ibi accepturus navigavit. Cui se duo ex filiis Godofridi quasi una cum eo regnum habituri sociasse dicuntur, aliis duobus patria expulsis; sed hoc dolo factum putatur.

Harioldus also, by order of the emperor, having been led back to his ships through the Abodrites, sailed to the fatherland as if about to receive the kingdom there. To him two of the sons of Godofrid are said to have associated themselves, as if about to hold the kingdom together with him, the other two having been expelled from the fatherland; but this is thought to have been done by deceit.

Imperator conventu dimisso primo Cruciniacum, deinde Bingiam veniens secunda aqua Confluentem usque per Rhenum navigavit, inde Arduennam venandi gratia proficiscitur; venatorio quoque exercitio more solemni ibidem exacto Aquasgrani ad hiemandum revertitur.

The emperor, with the assembly dismissed, coming first to Cruciniacum, then to Bingium, with the current favorable sailed down the Rhine as far as Confluentem; thence he sets out to the Ardennes for the sake of hunting; and with the venatorial exercise likewise carried out there in the customary manner, he returns to Aquae Grani to winter.

[820] DCCCXX. Mense Ianuario conventus ibidem habitus, in quo de Liudewiti defectione deliberatum est, ut tres exercitus simul ex tribus partibus ad devastandam eius regionem atque ipsius audaciam coercendam mitterentur. Borna quoque primo per legatos, deinde ipse veniens, quid sibi facto opus esse videretur, suggessit.

[820] 820. In the month of January an assembly was held there, in which it was deliberated concerning Liudewit’s defection, that three armies simultaneously from three quarters be sent to devastate his region and to coerce his audacity. Borna also, first through legates, then coming himself, suggested what seemed necessary to be done.

In eo conventu Bera comes Barcinonae, qui iam diu fraudis et infidelitatis a vicinis suis insimulabatur, cum accusatore suo equestri pugna confligere conatus vincitur. Cumque ut reus maiestatis capitali sententia damnaretur, parsum est ei misericordia imperatoris, et Ratumagum exilio deportatus est.

In that assembly Bera, count of Barcelona, who for a long time had been accused of fraud and infidelity by his neighbors, when he tried to engage his accuser in equestrian combat, was defeated. And although, as guilty of lèse‑majesté, he was condemned with a capital sentence, he was spared by the emperor’s mercy and was deported into exile to Rouen.

Transacta hieme, ut primum herba pabulum iumentis praebere potuit, tres illi exercitus contra Liudewitum mittuntur. Quorum unus de Italia per Alpes Noricas, alter per Carantanorum provinciam, tertius per Baioariam et Pannoniam superiorem intravit: et duo quidem, id est dexter ac sinister, tardius ingressi sunt, eo quod unus Alpium transitu hostium manu resistente prohibebatur, alter et longitudine itineris et Dravo flumine, quod traiciendum erat, impediebatur; medius autem, qui per Carantanos intrabat, quamquam in tribus locis ei resisteretur, feliciore usus fortuna ter hoste superato, Dravo etiam transmisso celerius ad destinata loca pervenit. Contra haec Liudewitus nihil molitus munitione tantum castelli, quod in arduo monte construxerat, se suosque continuit et nec belli nec pacis vel per semet ipsum vel per legatos ullum cum eis sermonem habuisse dicitur.

With winter transacted, as soon as the grass could provide fodder for the draught animals, those three armies are sent against Liudewitus. Of these, one entered from Italy through the Noric Alps, another through the province of the Carantanians, the third through Bavaria and Upper Pannonia: and two indeed, that is, the right and the left, entered more slowly, for the one was prevented from crossing the Alps by the resisting hand of the enemy, the other was impeded both by the length of the journey and by the Drava river, which had to be crossed; but the middle one, which entered through the Carantanians, although resistance was made to it in three places, enjoying more favorable fortune, with the enemy three times overcome, and the Drava also crossed, reached the appointed places more swiftly. In the face of these things Liudewitus, attempting nothing, confined himself and his men within merely the fortification of a castellum which he had constructed on a steep mountain, and he is said to have held no discourse with them either of war or of peace, either in his own person or through legates.

Exercitus vero, postquam in unum convenerunt, totam pene regionem ferro et igni devastantes haud ullo gravi damno accepto domum reversi sunt. Is tamen, qui per Pannoniam superiorem iter fecerat, in transitu Dravi fluminis ex locorum et aquarum insalubritate soluti ventris incommodo graviter adfectus est, et pars eius non modica hoc morbo consumpta est. Hi tres exercitus de Saxonia et orientali Francia et Alamannia, Baioaria quoque atque Italia congregati sunt.

The armies, indeed, after they had come together as one, devastating almost the whole region with iron and fire, returned home without having incurred any grave loss. The one, however, which had made its march through Upper Pannonia, in the crossing of the river Drava, because of the unhealthiness of the places and the waters, was grievously afflicted by the inconvenience of looseness of the bowels, and no small part of it was consumed by this disease. These three armies were assembled from Saxony and eastern Francia and Alemannia, as well as from Bavaria and Italy.

Quibus domum reversis Carniolenses, qui circa Savum fluvium habitant et Foroiuliensibus pene contigui sunt, Baldrico se dediderunt; idem et pars Carantanorum, quae ad Liudewiti partes a nobis defecerat, facere curavit.

With these having returned home, the Carniolans, who dwell around the Sava river and are almost contiguous to the Foroiulians, surrendered themselves to Baldric; likewise a part of the Carantanians, which had defected from us to Liudewit’s side, took care to do the same.

Foedus inter nos et Abulaz regem Hispaniae constitutum et neutrae parti satis proficuum consulto ruptum bellumque adversus eum susceptum est.

The treaty established between us and Abulaz, king of Spain, and not sufficiently profitable to either party, was deliberately broken, and war against him was undertaken.

In Italico mari octo naves negotiatorum de Sardinia ad Italiam revertentium a piratis captae ac dimersae sunt: de Nordmannia vero tredecim piraticae naves egressae primo in Flandrensi litore praedari molientes ab his, qui in praesidio erant, repulsae sunt; ubi tamen ab eis propter custodum incuriam aliquot casae viles incensae et parvus pecoris numerus abactus est. In ostio Sequanae similia temptantes resistentibus sibi litoris custodibus, quinque suorum interfectis inritae recesserunt. Tandem in Aquitanico litore prosperis usae successibus vico quodam, qui vocatur Buyn, ad integrum depopulato cum ingenti praeda ad propria reversae sunt.

In the Italian Sea, eight merchant ships returning from Sardinia to Italy were captured by pirates and sunk; but from Normandy thirteen piratical ships put out, and, trying at first to plunder on the Flemish shore, were repulsed by those who were in garrison; where, however, owing to the negligence of the guards, several humble huts were burned and a small number of cattle was driven off. At the mouth of the Seine, attempting similar things, with the guardians of the shore resisting them, five of their own being slain, they withdrew frustrated. Finally, on the Aquitanian shore, having enjoyed favorable successes, after a certain village, which is called Buyn, had been wholly devastated, they returned to their own with immense booty.

Hoc anno propter iuges pluvias et aerem nimio humore resolutum magna incommoda contigerunt. Nam et hominum et boum pestilentia tam inmane longe lateque grassata est, ut vix ulla pars totius regni Francorum ab hac peste inmunis atque intacta posset inveniri. Frumenta quoque et legumina imbrium adsiduitate corrupta vel colligi non poterant vel collecta conputrescebant.

This year, because of continuous rains and the air dissolved by excessive moisture, great inconveniences befell. For a pestilence of humans and oxen raged so monstrously far and wide that scarcely any part of the whole kingdom of the Franks could be found immune and untouched by this plague. The grain also and the legumes, corrupted by the assiduity of the rains, either could not be gathered, or, once gathered, were putrefying.

Vinum etiam, cuius parvus proventus eodem anno fuit, propter caloris inopiam acerbum et insuave fiebat. In quibusdam vero locis de inundatione fluminum aquis in plano stagnantibus autumnalis satio ita impedita est, ut penitus nihil frugum ante verni temperiem seminaretur. Luna defecit VIII.

Wine also, whose yield was small in the same year, for lack of heat was becoming acerb and unsavory. In certain places indeed, because of the inundation of rivers, with waters stagnating on the plain, the autumnal sowing was so impeded that absolutely no crops were sown before the temperateness of spring. The moon was eclipsed on the 8.

Kal. Decembr. hora noctis secunda.

On the Kalends of December, at the second hour of the night.

Imperator post peractum Carisiaci conventum autumnalemque venationem ex more completam Aquasgrani reversus est.

The Emperor, after the Carisiacum convention had been concluded and the autumnal hunt completed according to custom, returned to Aachen.

[821] DCCCXXI. Conventus mense Febr. Aquis habitus et in eo de bello Liudewitico tractatum ac tres exercitus ordinati, qui futura aestate perfidorum agros per vices vastarent.

[821] 821. An assembly was held in the month of Feb. at Aachen, and in it there was deliberation about the Liudewitic war, and three armies were arrayed, which in the coming summer would by turns devastate the lands of the perfidious.

Simili modo de marca Hispana constitutum et hoc illius limitis praefectis imperatum est. Iterumque conventus mense Maio Noviomagi habendus condictus est comitesque, qui illuc venirent, deputati.

In like manner it was established concerning the Spanish March, and this was commanded to the prefects of that frontier. And again an assembly to be held in the month of May at Noviomagus was convoked, and the counts who were to come thither were deputed.

Eo domnus imperator post festi paschalis expletionem per Mosam navigavit; ibique constitutam annis superioribus atque conscriptam inter filios suos regni partitionem recensuit ac iuramentis optimatum, qui tunc adesse potuerant, confirmavit. Susceptisque ibidem

Thither the lord emperor, after the completion of the Paschal feast, sailed along the Meuse; and there he reviewed the partition of the kingdom established in previous years and drawn up among his sons, and confirmed it by the oaths of the nobles, who had then been able to be present. And, these having been accepted there

Paschalis Romani pontificis legatis, Petro videlicet Centumcellensi episcopo et Leone nomenclatore, eisdemque celeriter absolutis, comitibus etiam, qui aderant, ad expeditionem Pannonicam destinatis ipse paululum ibi remoratus Aquasgrani reversus est. Et post paucos dies per Arduennam iter faciens Treveros ac Mettis venit; indeque Rumerici castellum petens reliquum aestivi caloris et autumni dimidium exercitatione venatoria in Vosegi saltu atque secretis exegit.

to the legates of Paschal, the Roman pontiff—namely Peter, bishop of Centumcellae, and Leo the nomenclator—and when these had been quickly dispatched, and the counts also who were present had been assigned to the Pannonian expedition, he himself, having lingered there a little, returned to Aachen. And after a few days, making his journey through the Ardennes, he came to Trier and Metz; and from there, seeking the castle of Rumeric, he spent the remainder of the summer’s heat and half of the autumn in hunting exercise in the Vosges forest and in secluded places.

Interea Borna dux Dalmatiae atque Liburniae defunctus est, et petente populo atque imperatore consentiente nepos illius nomine Ladasclavus successor ei constitutus est. Adlatum est et de morte Leonis Constantinopolitani imperatoris, quod conspiratione quorundam optimatum suorum et praecipue Michahelis comitis domesticorum in ipso palatio sit interemptus; qui suffragio civium et praetorianorum militum studio infulas imperii suscepisse dicitur. Fortunatus patriarcha Gradensis, cum a quodam presbitero suo nomine Tiberio apud imperatorem fuisset accusatus, quod Liudewitum ad perseverandum in perfidia, qua coeperat, hortaretur eumque ad castella sua munienda artifices et murarios mittendo iuvaret et ob hoc ad palatium ire iuberetur, primo velut iussionem impleturus in Histriam profectus est, inde simulato reditu ad Gradum civitatem nullo suorum praeter eos, cum quibus hoc tractaverat, suspicante nanctus occasionem clam navigavit, veniensque Iaderam Dalmatiae civitatem Iohanni praefecto provinciae illius fugae suae causas aperuit, qui eum statim navi impositum Constantinopolim misit.

Meanwhile Borna, duke of Dalmatia and Liburnia, died; and at the people’s petition, with the emperor consenting, his nephew named Ladasclavus was appointed his successor. News was also brought of the death of Leo, emperor of Constantinople, namely that by the conspiracy of certain of his own nobles, and especially of Michael, count of the domestics, he was slain in the palace itself; and this Michael is said, by the suffrage of the citizens and the zeal of the praetorian soldiers, to have assumed the insignia of the empire. Fortunatus, patriarch of Grado, when he had been accused before the emperor by a certain presbyter of his named Tiberius, that he urged Liudewitus to persevere in the perfidy with which he had begun, and aided him by sending craftsmen and masons to fortify his strongholds, and on this account was ordered to go to the palace, first, as though to fulfill the order, set out for Histria; then, feigning a return to the city of Grado, with none of his own suspecting it except those with whom he had handled this, seizing the opportunity he secretly sailed away, and coming to Iadera, a city of Dalmatia, he disclosed the causes of his flight to John, the prefect of that province, who immediately, having placed him on a ship, sent him to Constantinople.

Medio mense Octobrio conventus generalis apud Theodonis villam magna populi Francorum frequentia celebratur, in quo domnus Hlotharius, primogenitus domni imperatoris Hludowici, Irmingardam Hugonis comitis filiam solemni more duxit uxorem. Illuc etiam legati sanctae Romanae ecclesiae, Theodorus primicerius ac Florus superista, cum magnis venere muneribus.

In the middle of the month of October a general assembly at Theodon's villa was celebrated with a great attendance of the people of the Franks, in which lord Lothar, firstborn of lord Emperor Louis, took as wife, in solemn manner, Irmingard, daughter of Count Hugh. Thither also came envoys of the holy Roman Church, Theodore the primicerius and Florus the superista, with great gifts.

Adfuerunt et comites in eodem conventu iam de Pannonia regressi, qui depopulata desertorum et Liudewito adhaerentium universa regione, cum nullus eis copiam pugnandi fecisset, domum regressi sunt. Eminuit in hoc placito piissimi imperatoris misericordia singularis, quam ostendit super eos, qui cum Bernhardo nepote suo in Italia contra caput ac regnum suum coniuraverunt: quibus ibi ad praesentiam venire iussis non solum vitam et membra concessit, verum etiam possessiones iudicio legis in fiscum redactas magna liberalitate restituit. Adalhardum quoque de Aquitania, ubi exulabat, evocatum Corbeiae monasterio, ut prius fuerat, abbatem ac rectorem esse iussit; cum quo et Bernharium fratrem eius reconciliatum eidem monasterio reddidit.

Counts were also present in the same assembly, already returned from Pannonia, who, after having laid waste the whole region of the deserters and of those adhering to Liudewitus, since no one had afforded them an opportunity for fighting, returned home. In this assembly the singular mercy of the most pious emperor stood out, which he showed toward those who with Bernard his nephew in Italy had conspired against his person and kingdom: having ordered them to come into his presence there, he granted them not only life and limb, but even with great liberality restored their possessions which had been, by judgment of the law, reduced into the fisc. He also ordered that Adalhard, summoned from Aquitaine, where he was in exile, be abbot and rector of the monastery of Corbie, as he had been before; and with him he restored to the same monastery his brother Bernard, reconciled.

Completisque his, quae ob regni utilitatem inchoaverat, et sacramento, quod apud Noviomagum pars optimatum iuraverat, generaliter consummato ipse Aquasgrani revertitur, filium autem Hlotharium post nuptias ritu solemni celebratas ad hiemandum Wormatiam misit.

And, these things completed which he had undertaken for the utility of the realm, and the sacrament which a part of the nobles had sworn at Noviomagus having been generally consummated, he himself returned to Aachen; but he sent his son Hlotharius, after the nuptials solemnly celebrated, to Worms to winter.

De parte Danorum omnia quieta eo anno fuerunt, et Harioldus a filiis Godofridi in societatem regni receptus; quae res tranquillum inter eos huius temporis statum fecisse putatur. Sed quia Ceadragus Abodritorum princeps perfidiae et cuiusdam cum filiis Godofridi factae societatis notabatur, Sclaomir emulus eius in patriam remittitur; qui, cum in Saxoniam venisset, aegritudine decubuit perceptoque baptismi sacramento defunctus est.

On the Danes’ side all was quiet in that year, and Harald was received by the sons of Godfrid into a partnership of the kingdom; which is thought to have made a tranquil condition between them at this time. But because Ceadragus, prince of the Abodrites, was noted for perfidy and for a certain alliance made with the sons of Godfrid, Sclaomir, his rival, is sent back to his homeland; who, when he had come into Saxony, fell sick and, having received the sacrament of baptism, died.

Autumnalis satio iugitate pluviarum in quibusdam locis impedita est. Cui hiems in tantum prolixa successit et aspera, ut non solum minores rivi ac mediocres fluvii, verum ipsi maximi ac famosissimi amnes, Rhenus videlicet ac Danubius Albisque ac Sequana caeteraque per Galliam atque Germaniam oceanum petentia flumina, adeo solida glacie stringerentur, ut tricenis vel eo amplius diebus plaustra huc atque illuc commeantia velut pontibus iuncta sustinerent; cuius resolutio non modicum villis iuxta Rheni fluenta constitutis damnum intulit.

Autumnal sowing was impeded in certain places by the continuity of rains. A winter succeeded this, so prolonged and harsh that not only the smaller streams and moderate rivers, but the very greatest and most famous rivers—the Rhine, namely, and the Danube and the Elbe and the Seine, and the other rivers through Gaul and Germany that seek the Ocean—were bound with such solid ice that for 30 days or even more they sustained wagons going to and fro, as if joined by bridges; the thaw of which inflicted no small damage on the villages situated along the reaches of the Rhine.

[822] DCCCXXII. In regione Thuringorum quodam in loco iuxta fluvium cespis longitudine pedum quinquagenum, latitudine quattuordenum, altitudine sesquipedali de terra sine manibus et praecisus et sublatus est et ab eo loco, in quo sumptus est, viginti quinque pedum spatio distans inventus est. Item in parte orientali Saxoniae, quae Sorabo*rum finibus contigua est, in quodam deserto loco iuxta lacum, qui dicitur Arnseo, in modum aggeris terra intumuit et limitem unius leugae longitudine porrectum sub unius noctis spatio absque humani operis molimine ad instar valli subrexit.

[822] 822. In the region of the Thuringians, in a certain place next to a river, a turf-sod fifty feet in length, fourteen in breadth, and a foot-and-a-half in height was, without hands, both cut off from the earth and lifted up, and was found twenty-five feet distant from the place where it was taken. Likewise, in the eastern part of Saxony, which is contiguous with the borders of the Sorabs*, in a certain deserted place near a lake which is called Arnseo, the earth swelled in the manner of an agger (embankment) and, as a limit stretched to the length of one league, within the space of a single night rose up, without the exertion of human work, after the fashion of a rampart.

Winigisus dux Spolitinus iam senio confectus habitu saeculari deposito monasticae conversationi se mancipavit ac non multo post tactus corporis infirmitate decessit; in cuius locum Suppo Brixiae civitatis comes substitutus est.

Winigisus, duke of Spoleto, now worn out with old age, having laid aside the secular habit, made himself over to the monastic life, and not long after, touched by bodily infirmity, he died; in whose place Suppo, count of the city of Brescia, was appointed.

Domnus imperator consilio cum episcopis et optimatibus suis habito fratribus suis, quos invitos tondere iussit, reconciliatus est et tam de hoc facto quam et de his, quae erga Bernhardum filium fratris sui Pippini necnon et his, quae circa Adalhardum abbatem et fratrem eius Walahum gesta sunt, publicam confessionem fecit et paenitentiam egit. Quod tamen in eo conventu, quem eodem anno mense Augusto Attiniaci habuit, in praesentia totius populi sui peregit; in quo, quicquid similium rerum vel a se vel a patre suo factum invenire potuit, summa devotione emendare curavit.

The lord emperor, having held counsel with his bishops and his optimates, was reconciled to his brothers, whom he had ordered, unwilling, to be shorn; and both for this deed and for the things which were done toward Bernard, the son of his brother Pippin, and likewise for the things that were carried out concerning Adalhard the abbot and his brother Wala, he made a public confession and did penance. This, however, he accomplished in that assembly which in the same year, in the month of August, he held at Attigny, in the presence of all his people; in which, whatever similar matters he could find to have been done either by himself or by his father, he took care with the highest devotion to amend.

Exercitus de Italia propter Liudewiticum bellum conficiendum in Pannoniam missus est, ad cuius adventum Liudewitus Siscia civitate relicta ad Sorabos, quae natio magnam Dalmatiae partem optinere dicitur, fugiendo se contulit et uno ex ducibus eorum, a quo receptus est, per dolum interfecto civitatem eius in suam redegit dicionem. Missis tamen ad exercitum imperatoris legatis suis ad eius praesentiam se velle venire promisit.

An army was sent from Italy into Pannonia for the Liudewitic war to be brought to completion; at whose advent Liudewitus, leaving the city of Siscia, betook himself in flight to the Sorabs, a nation said to occupy a great part of Dalmatia, and, one of their dukes—by whom he had been received—having been slain by guile, he brought that duke’s city back into his own dominion. Nevertheless, with his own envoys sent to the emperor’s army, he promised that he wished to come into his presence.

Saxones interea iussu imperatoris castellum quoddam trans Albiam in loco, cui Delbende nomen, aedificant, depulsis ex eo Sclavis, qui illum prius occupaverant, praesidiumque Saxonum in eo positum contra incursiones illorum.

Meanwhile the Saxons, by order of the emperor, build a certain fort across the Elbe, in a place whose name is Delbende, the Slavs—who had previously occupied it—having been driven out from it; and a garrison of Saxons was placed in it against their incursions.

Comites marcae Hispanicae trans Sicorim fluvium in Hispania profecti vastatis agris et incensis compluribus villis et capta non modica praeda regressi sunt. Simili modo post aequinoctium autumnale a comitibus marcae Brittanicae in possessionem cuiusdam Brittonis, qui tum rebellis extiterat, nomine Wihomarcus, expeditio facta, et omnia ferro et igni vastata sunt.

The counts of the Spanish March, having set out across the Sicoris river into Spain, after the fields were devastated and several villages burned, and having seized no small booty, returned. In like manner, after the autumnal equinox, by the counts of the Breton March an expedition was made into the possession of a certain Briton, who at that time had arisen as a rebel, by name Wihomarcus, and all things were laid waste with iron and fire.

Peracto conventu, quod Attiniaci habebatur, domnus imperator venandi gratia Arduennam petiit; Hlotharium vero filium suum in Italiam misit, cum quo Walahum monachum propinquum suum, fratrem videlicet Adalhardi abbatis, et Gerungum ostiariorum magistrum una direxit, quorum consilio et in re familiari et in negotiis ad regni commoda pertinentibus uteretur. Pippinum autem in Aquitaniam ire praecepit, quem tamen prius filiam Theotberti comitis Matricensis in coniugium fecit accipere et post nuptias celebratas ad occiduas partes proficisci. Ipse vero peracta autumnali venatione trans Rhenum ad hiemandum in loco, qui Franconofurd appellatur, profectus est.

With the convocation completed, which was being held at Attigny, the lord emperor sought the Ardennes for the sake of hunting; but he sent his son Lothar into Italy, along with whom he dispatched Wala, a monk, his kinsman—namely the brother of Abbot Adalhard—and Gerung, master of the doorkeepers, so that he might use their counsel both in household affairs and in business pertaining to the advantages of the realm. He ordered Pippin to go into Aquitaine; yet first he caused him to take to wife the daughter of Theotbert, count of Metz, and, after the nuptials had been celebrated, to set out to the western parts. He himself, the autumnal hunt having been completed, set out across the Rhine to winter in the place which is called Franconofurd.

Ibique generali conventu congregato necessaria quaeque ad utilitatem orientalium partium regni sui pertinentia more solemni cum optimatibus, quos ad hoc evocare iusserat, tractare curavit. In quo conventu omnium orientalium Sclavorum, id est Abodritorum, Soraborum, Wilzorum, Beheimorum, Marvanorum, Praedenecentorum, et in Pannonia residentium Abarum legationes cum muneribus ad se directas audivit.

And there, with a general assembly convened, he took care, in solemn manner, to discuss with the magnates—whom he had ordered to be summoned for this—whatever was necessary and pertained to the utility of the eastern parts of his realm. In that assembly he heard the embassies, sent to him with gifts, of all the eastern Slavs, that is, of the Abodrites, Sorbs, Wilzi, Bohemians, Moravians, Praedenecenti, and of the Avars residing in Pannonia.

Fuerunt in eodem conventu et legationes de Nordmannia, tam de parte Harioldi quam filiorum Godofridi; quibus omnibus auditis ac dimissis ipse in eodem loco constructis ad hoc opere novo aedificiis, sicut dispositum habuerat, hiemavit.

There were in the same assembly also legations from Nordmannia, both on the part of Hariold and of the sons of Godofrid; after all these had been heard and dismissed, he himself wintered in the same place, buildings newly constructed for this purpose, just as he had arranged.

[823] DCCCXXIII. Mense Maio conventus in eodem loco habitus, in quo non universi Franciae primores, sed de orientali Francia atque Saxonia, Baioaria, Alamannia atque Alamanniae contermina Burgundia et regionibus Rheno adiacentibus adesse iussi sunt. In quo inter caeteras barbarorum legationes, quae vel iussae vel sua sponte venerunt, duo fratres, reges videlicet Wilzorum, controversiam inter se de regno habentes ad praesentiam imperatoris venerunt, quorum nomina sunt Milegastus et Cealadragus.

[823] 823. In the month of May an assembly was held in the same place, at which not all the primores of Francia, but those from eastern Francia and Saxony, Bavaria, Alamannia and the Burgundy conterminous with Alamannia, and the regions adjacent to the Rhine, were ordered to be present. There, among the other legations of barbarians, which either came by command or of their own accord, two brothers—namely kings of the Wilzi—having a controversy between themselves over the regnum, came into the presence of the emperor, whose names are Milegastus and Cealadragus.

Erant idem filii Liubi regis Wilzorum; qui licet cum fratribus suis regnum divisum teneret, tamen, propter quod maior natu erat, ad eum totius regni summa pertinebat. Qui cum commisso cum orientalibus Abodritis proelio interisset, populus Wilzorum filium eius Milegastum, quia maior natu erat, regem sibi constituit; sed cum is secundum ritum gentis commissum sibi regnum parum digne administraret, illo abiecto iuniori fratri regium honorem deferunt: quam ob causam ambo ad praesentiam imperatoris venerunt. Quos cum audisset et gentis voluntatem proniorem in iunioris fratris honorem agnovisset, statuit, ut is delatam sibi a populo suo potestatem haberet, ambos tamen muneribus donatos et sacramento firmatos in patriam remisit.

They were likewise sons of Liub, king of the Wilzi; who, although he held the kingdom divided with his brothers, nevertheless, because he was the elder by birth, the supreme authority of the whole kingdom pertained to him. When, battle having been joined with the Eastern Abodrites, he perished, the people of the Wilzi appointed his son Milegast, because he was the elder by birth, as king for themselves; but since he administered the kingdom committed to him somewhat unworthily according to the rite of the nation, with him cast aside they confer the royal honor upon the younger brother: for which cause both came into the presence of the emperor. When he had heard them and recognized the will of the nation as more inclined to the honor of the younger brother, he decreed that he should have the power conferred upon him by his people; nevertheless he sent both back to their homeland, presented with gifts and confirmed by an oath.

Accusatus est in eodem placito apud imperatorem Ceadragus Abodritorum princeps, quod se erga partem Francorum parum fideliter ageret et ad imperatoris praesentiam iam diu venire dissimulasset. Propter quod ad eum legati directi sunt, cum quibus ille iterum quosdam ex primoribus gentis suae ad imperatorem misit; perque illorum verba promisit, se ad proximum hiemis tempus ad illius praesentiam esse venturum.

Ceadragus, prince of the Abodrites, was accused in the same assembly before the emperor, because he conducted himself not very faithfully toward the party of the Franks and had long dissimulated about coming into the emperor’s presence. Wherefore envoys were sent to him, with whom he in turn sent certain of the foremost men of his nation to the emperor; and through their words he promised that by the next winter season he would come into his presence.

Hlotharius vero, cum secundum patris iussionem in Italia iustitias faceret et iam se ad revertendum de Italia praepararet, rogante Paschale papa Romam venit et honorifice ab illo susceptus in sancto paschali die apud sanctum Petrum et regni coronam et imperatoris atque augusti nomen accepit; inde Papiam regressus mense Iunio ad imperatorem venit. Qui cum imperatori de iustitiis in Italia a se partim factis partim inchoatis fecisset indicium, missus est in Italiam Adalhardus comes palatii, iussumque est, ut Mauringum Brixiae comitem secum adsumeret et inchoatas iustitias perficere curaret.

Hlotharius, moreover, while in accordance with his father’s injunction he was executing justices in Italy and was already preparing to return from Italy, at the request of Pope Paschal came to Rome and, honorably received by him, on the holy Paschal day at Saint Peter’s received both the crown of the kingdom and the name of emperor and augustus; thence, having returned to Pavia, in the month of June he came to the emperor. When he had made a report to the emperor concerning the justices in Italy by him partly accomplished and partly initiated, Adalhard, count of the palace, was sent into Italy, and it was ordered that he should take with him Mauringus, count of Brescia, and see to the completion of the justices begun.

Drogonem fratrem eius sub canonica vita degentem Mettensi ecclesiae clero eiusdem urbis consentiente atque eligente rectorem constituit eumque ad pontificatus gradum censuit promoveri.

He appointed Drogo, his brother, who was living under the canonical life, as rector, with the clergy of the church of Metz, of the same city, consenting and choosing; and he judged that he should be promoted to the grade of the pontificate.

In eodem conventu tempus et locus alterius conventus habendi condictus est, November videlicet mensis et Compendium palatium; peractoque placito et dimissis primoribus, cum imperator iam inde digredi statuisset, adlatum est ei de interitu Liudewiti, quod relictis Sorabis, cum Dalmatiam ad Liudemuhslum avunculum Bornae ducis pervenisset et aliquantum temporis cum eo moratus fuisset, dolo ipsius esset interfectus.

In the same assembly the time and place for holding another assembly was appointed, namely the month of November and the palace of Compendium; and with the session concluded and the leading men dismissed, when the emperor had now decided to depart from there, news was brought to him of the death of Liudewit: that, after leaving the Sorbs, when he had reached Dalmatia to Liudemuhslus, uncle of Duke Borna, and had stayed with him for some time, he was slain by that man’s treachery.

Nuntiatum est etiam, Theodorum sanctae Romanae ecclesiae primicerium et Leonem nomenclatorem, generum eius, in patriarchio Lateranense primo excaecatos ac deinde fuisse decollatos et hoc eis ob hoc contigisse, quod se in omnibus fideliter erga partes Hlotharii iuvenis imperatoris agerent; erant et, qui dicerent, vel iussu vel consilio Paschalis pontificis rem fuisse perpetratam. Ad quod explorandum ac diligenter investigandum missi sunt Adalungus abbas monasterii sancti Vedasti et Hunfridus comes Curiensis. Sed antequam illi fuissent profecti, venerunt legati *Paschalis pontificis, Iohannes episcopus Silvae-candidae et Benedictus archidiaconus sanctae sedis apostolicae, rogantes imperatorem, ut illam infamiam a pontifice auferret, qua ille in memoratorum hominum necem consensisse credebatur.

It was also reported that Theodore, primicerius of the holy Roman Church, and Leo, nomenclator, his son-in-law, in the Lateran Patriarchium had first been blinded and then had been decollated, and that this befell them for this reason: that in all things they conducted themselves faithfully toward the party of Lothar, the young emperor; and there were even those who said that the deed had been perpetrated either by the order or by the counsel of Pope Paschal. To explore and diligently investigate this, Adalung, abbot of the monastery of Saint Vedast, and Hunfrid, count of Chur, were sent. But before they had set out, there came legates of *Pope Paschal, John, bishop of Silva Candida, and Benedict, archdeacon of the holy Apostolic See, asking the emperor to remove that infamy from the pontiff, by which he was believed to have consented to the slaying of the aforementioned men.

Quibus cum ille, iuxta quod ratio postulabat, respondisset eosque dimisisset, praedictos legatos suos ad investigandam rei veritatem, sicut prius disposuit, Romam ire praecepit; ipse vero reliquum aestatis tempus in pago Wormacense ac deinde in Arduenna transigens peracta autumnali venatione ad Kal. Novembr., sicut condixerat, Compendium venit.

When he, as reason demanded, had responded to them and dismissed them, he ordered his aforesaid envoys to go to Rome to investigate the truth of the matter, just as he had previously arranged; but he himself, spending the remainder of the summer in the Worms district and then in the Ardennes, the autumnal hunt having been completed, on the Kalends of November (November 1), as he had agreed, came to Compendium.

Legati Romam venientes rei gestae certitudinem adsequi non potuerunt, quia Paschalis pontifex et se ab huius facti communione cum magno episcoporum numero iureiurando purificavit et interfectores praedictorum hominum, quia de familia sancti Petri erant, summopere defendens mortuos velut maiestatis reos condemnabat, iure caesos pronuntiavit atque ob hoc cum praedictis, qui ad eum missi fuerant, legatis Iohannem

The envoys, coming to Rome, were not able to attain certainty about the deed done, because Pope Paschal both purified himself by oath, with a great number of bishops, from communion in this act, and, most earnestly defending the killers of the aforesaid men, since they were of the household of Saint Peter, he condemned the dead as though guilty of majesty (treason), pronounced them slain by right, and on account of this, together with the aforesaid envoys who had been sent to him, John

Silvaecandidae episcopum et Sergium bibliothecarium, Quirinum quoque subdiaconum ac Leonem magistrum militum ad imperatorem misit. Qui cum tam per illos quam per suos legatos de sacramento pontificis et excusatione reorum comperisset, nihil sibi ultra in hoc negotio faciendum ratus, memoratum Iohannem episcopum et socios eius ad pontificem dato conveniente responso remisit.

He sent the bishop of Silva Candida and Sergius the librarian, Quirinus the subdeacon as well, and Leo the master of soldiers to the emperor. Who, when he had learned both through them and through his own legates about the pontiff’s oath and the exculpation of the accused, thinking that nothing further needed to be done by himself in this matter, sent the aforementioned Bishop John and his companions back to the pontiff, an appropriate answer having been given.

Cedragus Abodritorum princeps pollicitationibus suis adhibens fidem cum quibusdam primoribus populi sui Compendium venit dilatique per tot annos adventus sui rationem coram imperatore non inprobabiliter reddidit. Qui licet in quibusdam causis culpabilis appareret, tamen propter merita parentum suorum non solum inpunitus, verum muneribus donatus ad regnum redire permissus est.

Cedragus, prince of the Abodrites, giving credence to his promises, came to Compendium with certain leading men of his people and rendered before the emperor a not implausible account of the delay of his coming through so many years. Although he appeared culpable in certain causes, nevertheless, on account of the merits of his parents, he was permitted to return to his kingdom not only unpunished, but even endowed with gifts.

Venerat et Harioldus de Nordmannia, auxilium petens contra filios Godofridi, qui eum patria pellere minabantur; ob cuius causam diligentius explorandam ad eosdem filios Godofridi Theotharius et Hruodmundus comites missi fuerunt, qui et causam filiorum Godofridi et statum totius regni Nordmannorum diligenter explorantes adventum Harioldi praecesserunt et imperatori omnia, quae in illis partibus comperire potuerunt, patefecerunt. Cum quibus et Ebo Remorum archiepiscopus, qui consilio imperatoris et auctoritate Romani pontificis praedicandi gratia ad terminos Danorum accesserat et aestate praeterita multos ex eis ad fidem venientes baptizaverat, regressus est.

Hariold also had come from Nordmannia, seeking aid against the sons of Godofrid, who were threatening to drive him from his fatherland; on account of which cause, to be explored more diligently, the counts Theotharius and Hruodmund were sent to those same sons of Godofrid, who, carefully exploring both the cause of the sons of Godofrid and the state of the whole kingdom of the Northmen, went before the arrival of Hariold and disclosed to the emperor everything that they were able to discover in those parts. With them also Ebo, archbishop of the Remi (Reims), returned, who by the counsel of the emperor and the authority of the Roman pontiff had approached the borders of the Danes for the sake of preaching, and in the past summer had baptized many of them as they were coming to the faith.

Hoc anno prodigia quaedam extitisse narrantur, in quibus praecipua fuerunt in Aquense palatio terrae motus et in territorio Tullense iuxta villam Commerciacum puella quaedam annorum fere XII ab omni cibo per decem menses abstinens. Et in Saxonia in pago, qui vocatur Firihsazi, viginti tres villae igne caelesti concrematae, et fulgora sereno atque interdiu de caelo cadentia. Et in territorio Cumetensi Italiae civitatis in vico Grabadona in ecclesia sancti Iohannis baptistae imago sanctae Mariae puerum Iesum gremio continentis ac magorum munera offerentium in absida eiusdem ecclesiae depicta et ob nimiam vetustatem obscurata et pene abolita tanta claritate per duorum dierum spatia effulsit, ut omnem splendorem novae picturae suae vetustatis pulchritudine cernentibus penitus vincere videretur.

In this year certain prodigies are reported to have appeared, the chief of which were earthquakes in the palace at Aachen, and, in the territory of Toul near the villa Commerciacum, a certain girl of about 12 years abstaining from all food for ten months. And in Saxony, in the district which is called Firihsazi, twenty-three villages were consumed by heavenly fire, and lightning-bolts were falling from the sky in clear weather and in broad daylight. And in the territory of the Italian city of Cumae, in the village Grabadona, in the church of Saint John the Baptist, an image of Saint Mary holding the boy Jesus in her lap and of the Magi offering gifts, painted in the apse of that same church and, on account of extreme old age, darkened and almost effaced, shone forth with such brightness for the space of two days that it seemed utterly to surpass every splendor of a new painting, to those looking on, by the beauty of its own antiquity.

Magorum tamen imagines praeter munera, quae offerebant, minime claritas illa inradiavit. Et in multis regionibus fruges *grandinis vastatione deletae atque in quibusdam locis simul cum ipsa grandine veri lapides atque ingentis ponderis decidere visi; domus quoque de caelo tactae hominesque ac caetera animalia passim fulminum ictu praeter solitum crebro exanimata dicuntur. Secuta est ingens pestilentia atque hominum mortalitas, quae per totam Franciam inmaniter usquequaque grassata est et innumeram hominum multitudinem diversi sexus et aetatis gravissime seviendo consumpsit.

Nevertheless the images of the Magi, except for the gifts which they were offering, that brightness did not irradiate. And in many regions the crops were destroyed *by the devastation of hail*, and in some places, together with the hail itself, true stones of enormous weight were seen to fall; houses too were struck from the sky, and men and the other animals everywhere, by the stroke of lightning more frequently than usual, are said to have been slain. An immense pestilence and mortality of men followed, which throughout all Francia ruthlessly raged everywhere and, by very grievously raging, consumed an innumerable multitude of people of both sexes and every age.

[824] DCCCXXIIII. Rex Bulgarorum N. velut pacis faciendae gratia legatos ad imperatorem cum litteris misit. Quos ille cum audisset ac litteras, quae adlatae fuerant, legisset, rei novitate non inmerito permotus ad explorandam diligentius insolitae et numquam prius in Franciam venientis legationis causam Machelmum quendam de Baioaria cum ipsis legatis ad memoratum regem Bulgarorum direxit.

[824] 824. The King of the Bulgars N., as if for the sake of making peace, sent legates to the emperor with letters. When he had heard them and had read the letters that had been brought, he—moved not without reason by the novelty of the matter—sent a certain Machelmus of Bavaria, together with the legates themselves, to the aforementioned king of the Bulgars, to explore more diligently the cause of an unusual legation and one never before coming into Francia.

Hiemps aspera valdeque prolixa facta est, quae non solum caetera animalia, verum etiam homines quosdam inmanitate frigoris extinxit. Luna defecit III. Non.

A harsh and very prolonged winter came about, which extinguished not only the other animals but even some people by the savagery of the cold. The moon was eclipsed on the 3rd before the Nones.

Mart. hora noctis secunda. Suppo dux Spolitinus decessisse nuntiatur.

Mar. the second hour of the night. Suppo, duke of Spoleto, is reported to have died.

Interea legati Romani pontificis Romam regressi eundem valida infirmitate detentum ac morti iam proximum invenerunt; qui etiam paucis post adventum illorum exactis diebus vita decessit. In cuius locum cum duo per contentionem populi fuissent electi, Eugenius tamen archipresbyter tituli sanctae Sabinae vincente nobilium parte subrogatus atque ordinatus est. Cuius rei nuntium cum Quirinus subdiaconus, unus ex his, qui priori legatione fungebantur, ad imperatorem detulisset, conventu circiter VIII.

Meanwhile the envoys of the Roman pontiff, having returned to Rome, found that same man detained by a strong infirmity and now near to death; and a few days after their arrival had elapsed, he departed from life. In whose place, when two had been elected through a contention of the people, nevertheless Eugenius, archpresbyter of the title of Saint Sabina, the party of the nobles prevailing, was substituted and ordained. When Quirinus the subdeacon, one of those who were discharging the earlier legation, had carried the message of this matter to the emperor, in an assembly of about 8.

Kal. Iul. pronuntiato atque Compendio habito ipse ad Brittanicam expeditionem per se faciendam animo intento Hlotharium filium imperii socium Romam mittere decrevit, ut vice sua functus ea, quae rerum necessitas flagitare videbatur, cum novo pontifice populoque Romano statueret atque firmaret.

With the Kalends of July proclaimed and a session held at Compendium, he, intent on carrying out the British expedition by himself, decided to send his son Lothar, associate of the empire, to Rome, so that, acting in his stead, he might establish and confirm with the new pontiff and the Roman people those things which the necessity of affairs seemed to demand.

Et ille quidem ad haec exsequenda post medium Augustum in Italiam profectus est, imperator vero iter, quod in Brittaniam facere paraverat, propter famem, quae adhuc praevalida erat, usque ad initium autumni adgredi distulit. Tum demum adunatis undique omnibus copiis Redonas civitatem terminis Brittaniae contiguam venit et inde diviso in tres partes exercitu duabusque partibus filiis suis Pippino et Hludowico traditis tertiaque secum retenta Brittaniam ingressus totam ferro et igni devastavit. Consumptisque in hac expeditione XL vel eo amplius diebus, acceptis, quos perfido Brittonum populo imperaverat, obsidibus Ratumagum civitatem, ubi coniugem se operiri iusserat, ad XV. Kal.

And he indeed, for the execution of these things, after mid-August set out into Italy; but the emperor deferred to undertake the march which he had prepared to make into Brittany, on account of the famine which was still very strong, until the beginning of autumn. Then at last, with all the forces gathered from everywhere, he came to Redonas, a city contiguous to the borders of Brittany, and from there—after the army was divided into three parts, two parts handed over to his sons Pippin and Louis, and the third retained with himself—having entered Brittany, he devastated the whole with iron and fire. And after expending in this expedition 40 or more days, having received the hostages which he had imposed upon the perfidious people of the Bretons, he came to Ratumagus, the city where he had ordered his consort to await him, on the 15th before the Kalends.

Decembr. reversus est.

December. He returned.

Nam et illuc legatos Michahelis imperatoris, qui ad eum mittebantur, sibi occurrere iussit, cum quibus et Fortunatus patriarcha Veneticorum regressus ad eius venit praesentiam. Sed legati imperatoris litteras et munera deferentes, pacis confirmandae causa se missos esse dicentes pro Fortunato nihil locuti sunt; inter caetera tamen ad legationem suam pertinentia quaedam de imaginum veneratione protulerunt, propter quae se Romam ire atque apostolicae sedis praesulem consulere debere dixerunt. Quos cum legatione eorum audita ac responso reddito absolveret, Romam, ut se velle dicebant, ducere iussit; Fortunatum etiam de causa fugae ipsius percontatus ad examinandum eum Romano pontifici direxit.

For he also ordered the legates of Emperor Michael, who were being sent to him, to meet him there; and with them Fortunatus, patriarch of the Venetians, having returned, came into his presence. But the emperor’s legates, bringing letters and gifts and saying that they had been sent for the sake of confirming peace, said nothing on behalf of Fortunatus; among other things, however, pertaining to their legation, they brought forward certain points about the veneration of images, on account of which they said they ought to go to Rome and consult the prelate of the apostolic see. When, after hearing their legation and giving a response, he discharged them, he ordered them to be conducted to Rome, as they said they wished; and having inquired of Fortunatus also about the cause of his flight, he sent him to the Roman pontiff to be examined.

Ipse Aquasgrani, ubi hiemare statuerat, profectus est.

He himself set out to Aachen, where he had determined to winter.

Quo cum venisset et ibi natalem Domini celebrasset, allatum est ei, quod legati regis Bulgarorum essent in Baioaria; quibus obviam mittens ipsos quidem usque ad tempus congruum ibidem fecit operiri. Caeterum legatos Abodri*torum, qui vulgo Praedenecenti vocantur et contermini Bulgaris Daciam Danubio adiacentem incolunt, qui et ipsi adventare nuntiabantur, ilico venire permisit. Qui cum de Bulgarorum iniqua infestatione quererentur et contra eos auxilium sibi ferri deposcerent, domum ire atque iterum ad tempus Bulgarorum legatis constitutum redire iussi sunt.

When he had come there and had celebrated the Nativity of the Lord, it was reported to him that the legates of the king of the Bulgars were in Bavaria; sending to meet them, he caused them indeed to wait there until a congruous time. Moreover, the legates of the Abodri*tes, who in common parlance are called the Praedenecenti and, being conterminous with the Bulgars, inhabit Dacia adjoining the Danube—who themselves too were reported to be approaching—he permitted to come at once. And when they complained of the iniquitous infestation of the Bulgars and demanded that aid be brought to them against them, they were ordered to go home and to return again at the time appointed for the legates of the Bulgars.

Suppone apud Spoletium, sicut dictum erat, defuncto eundem ducatum Adalhardus comes palatii, qui iunior vocabatur, accepit. Qui cum vix quinque menses eodem honore potiretur, correptus febre decessit. Cui cum Moringus Brixiae comes successor esset electus, nuntio honoris sibi deputati accepto decubuit et paucis interpositis diebus vitam finivit.

Suppo having died at Spoleto, as had been said, Adalhard, count of the palace, who was called the Younger, received the same duchy. When he had scarcely held the same honor for five months, seized by a fever he departed. When Moringus, count of Brescia, had been elected his successor, upon receiving the message of the honor deputed to him, he took to his bed and, a few days interposed, finished his life.

Aeblus et Asinarius comites cum copiis Wasconum ad Pampilonam missi, cum peracto iam sibi iniuncto negotio reverterentur, in ipso Pirinei iugo perfidia montanorum in insidias deducti ac circumventi capti sunt, et copiae, quas secum habuere, pene usque ad internicionem deletae; et Aeblus quidem Cordubam missus, Asinarius vero misericordia eorum, qui eum ceperant, quasi qui consanguineus eorum esset, domum redire permissus est.

Counts Aeblus and Asinarius, sent with forces of the Wascones to Pamplona, when the business enjoined upon them had now been completed and they were returning, on the very ridge of the Pyrenees, by the perfidy of the mountaineers, were led into an ambush and, surrounded, were captured, and the forces which they had with them were destroyed almost to extermination; and Aeblus indeed was sent to Cordoba, but Asinarius, by the mercy of those who had taken him, as if he were their kinsman, was permitted to return home.

Hlotharius vero iuxta patris mandatum Romam profectus ab Eugenio pontifice honorifice suscipitur. Cui cum iniuncta sibi patefaceret, statum populi Romani iam dudum quorundam praesulum perversitate depravatum, memorati pontificis benivola adsensione ita correxit, ut omnes, qui rerum suarum direptione graviter fuerant desolati, de receptione bonorum suorum, quae per illius adventum Deo donante provenerat, magnifice sunt consolati.

Hlotharius, moreover, in accordance with his father’s mandate, having set out to Rome, was received with honor by Pope Eugene. When he disclosed what had been enjoined upon him, the condition of the Roman people, long since depraved by the perversity of certain prelates, he corrected with the benevolent assent of the aforesaid pontiff, such that all who had been grievously desolated by the depredation of their property were greatly consoled at the restitution of their goods, which had come about through his arrival, God granting.

Hoc anno paucis ante solstitium aestivale diebus in territorio Augustodunense aere in tempestatem subita mutatione converso ingens fragmentum ex glacie simul cum grandine decidisse narratur, cuius longitudo quindecim, latitudo septem, crassitudo duos pedes habuisse dicitur.

In this year, a few days before the summer solstice, in the territory of Augustodunum, with the air by a sudden change turned into a storm, a huge fragment of ice, together with hail, is reported to have fallen, whose length is said to have been fifteen, width seven, and thickness two feet.

[825] DCCCXXV. Sacro paschali festo sollempniter Aquisgrani celebrato, arridente etiam verna temperie imperator venandi gratia Noviomagum profectus legatos Bulgarorum circa medium Maium Aquasgrani venire praecepit. Nam sic illo reverti statuit, habiturus ibi conventum, quod de Brittania regressus eo se tempore ibidem habere velle optimatibus indicaverat.

[825] 825. With the sacred Paschal feast solemnly celebrated at Aachen, the vernal temperateness smiling as well, the emperor, for the sake of hunting, set out for Nijmegen, and he ordered the legates of the Bulgars to come to Aachen around mid-May. For thus he determined to return there, intending to hold an assembly there, which, upon returning from Britain, he had indicated to the magnates that he wished to have there at that time.

Quo cum peracta venatione fuisset reversus, Bulgaricam legationem audivit; erat enim de terminis ac finibus inter Bulgaros ac Francos constituendis.

When he had returned there with the hunt completed, he heard the Bulgarian legation; for it was about establishing the boundaries and limits between the Bulgars and the Franks.

Adfuerunt in eodem conventu pene omnes Brittaniae primores, inter quos et Wihomarcus, qui perfidia sua et totam Brittaniam conturbaverat et obstinatione stultissima ad memoratam expeditionem illo faciendam imperatoris animum provocaverat, tandem saniore usus consilio ad fidem imperatoris, ut ipse dicebat, venire non dubitavit. Cui cum imperator et ignosceret et muneribus donatum una cum caeteris gentis suae primoribus domum remeare permitteret, promissam fidem, ut prius consueverat, gentilicia perfidia commutavit ac vicinos suos incendiis et direptionibus, in quantum potuit, infestare non cessans, donec ab hominibus Lantberti comitis in domo propria circumventus atque interfectus est. Imperator vero audita Bulgarorum legatione per eosdem, qui ad eum missi fuerant, legatos regi eorum missis litteris, prout videbatur, respondit.

There were present in the same assembly almost all the leading men of Brittany, among whom also Wihomarcus, who by his perfidy had thrown the whole of Brittany into turmoil and by a most foolish obstinacy had provoked the emperor’s resolve to undertake the aforesaid expedition to be carried out there; at length, employing sounder counsel, he did not hesitate to come, as he himself said, to the emperor’s faith. To him, when the emperor both forgave and, having endowed him with gifts, allowed him to return home together with the other leaders of his people, he exchanged the pledged faith, as he had previously been accustomed, for tribal perfidy, and, not ceasing to harry his neighbors with burnings and plunderings as far as he could, he was at last surrounded and killed in his own house by the men of Count Lantbert. The emperor, indeed, after hearing the embassy of the Bulgars, through those same envoys who had been sent to him, sent letters to their king and replied, as it seemed, accordingly.

Dimissoque conventu in Vosegum ad Rumerici montem venandi gratia profectus filium suum Hlotharium ex Italia regressum ibique ad se venientem suscepit; ac peracta venatione Aquasgrani rediens generalem populi sui conventum more sollempni mense Augusto habuit. In quo conventu inter ceteras legationes, quae de diversis partibus venerunt, etiam et filiorum Godefridi de Nordmannia legatos audivit ac pacem, quam idem sibi dari petebant, cum eis in marca eorum mense Octobrio confirmari iussit. Completisque omnibus negotiis, quae ad illius conventus rationem *pertinere videbantur, Noviomagum cum filio maiore secessit, minorem vero filium suum Hludowicum in Baioariam direxit.

With the assembly dismissed, he set out into the Vosges to Mount Rumeric for the sake of hunting, and he received his son Lothar, returning from Italy and coming there to him; and the hunting finished, returning to Aachen he held, in the customary manner, a general assembly of his people in the month of August. In which assembly, among the other legations that came from diverse parts, he also heard the legates of the sons of Godefrid of Northmannia, and he ordered that the peace which those same were asking to be granted to them be confirmed with them in their march in the month of October. And when all the business which seemed *to pertain* to the plan of that assembly had been completed, he withdrew to Noviomagus with his elder son, but he sent his younger son Louis into Bavaria.

Ipse autem autumnali venatione completa circa hiemis initium Aquasgrani reversus est.

He himself, however, with the autumnal hunt completed, returned to Aachen around the beginning of winter.

In territorio Tullense iuxta Commerciacum villam puella quaedam nomine N. annorum circiter duodecim post sacram communionem, quam in pascha de sacerdotis manu sumendo perceperat, primo pane, deinde aliis omnibus cibis et potibus abstinendo in tantum ieiunasse perhibetur, ut nulla penitus corporis alimenta percipiens sine omni victus desiderio plenum triennium compleverit. Coepit autem ieiunare anno incarnationis dominicae DCCCXXIII., sicut in ipsius anni descriptione superius adnotatum est; et hoc anno, id est DCCCXXV., circa Novembris mensis initium peracto ieiunio escam sumere ac more caeterorum mortalium manducando vivere coepit.

In the Tullense territory near the villa of Commercy, a certain girl named N., about twelve years of age, after the sacred communion which at Easter she had received by taking it from the priest’s hand, is reported to have fasted—first abstaining from bread, then from all other foods and drinks—to such an extent that, taking no bodily nourishment at all and with no desire for sustenance, she completed a full triennium. She began to fast in the year of the Lord’s Incarnation 823, as has been noted above in the description of that year; and in this year, that is 825, around the beginning of the month of November, the fast being completed, she began to take food and to live by eating after the manner of the rest of mortals.

[826] DCCCXXVI. Cum regi Bulgarorum legati sui, quid egerint, renuntiassent, iterum eum, quem primo miserat, ad imperatorem cum litteris remisit, rogans, ut sine morarum interpositione terminorum definitio fieret vel, si hoc non placeret, suos quisque terminos sine pacis foedere tueretur. Cui imperator, quia fama erat Bulgarorum regem a suo quodam optimate aut regno pulsum aut interfectum, respondere distulit; illoque expectare iusso propter famae certitudinem comperiendam Bertricum palatii comitem ad Baldricum et Geroldum comites et Avarici limitis custodes in Carantanorum provinciam misit.

[826] 826. When the king of the Bulgars had been informed by his envoys what they had done, he again sent back the one whom he had first dispatched to the emperor with letters, requesting that, without the interposition of delays, a definition of the boundaries be made, or, if this should not please him, that each should defend his own frontiers without a peace treaty. To this the emperor, because there was a report that the king of the Bulgars had been either driven from his realm or killed by one of his own nobles, deferred his reply; and, with that man ordered to wait so that the certainty of the report might be ascertained, he sent Bertric, count of the palace, to Baldric and Gerold, counts and guardians of the Avaric frontier, into the province of the Carantanians.

Qui cum reversus nihil certi super his, quae fama vulgaverat, reportasset, imperator legatum ad se evocatum sine litteris remeare fecit.

When he, upon returning, had reported nothing certain about the matters which rumor had spread abroad, the emperor had the legate, summoned to him, go back without letters.

Interea Pippinus rex, filius imperatoris, ut iussus erat, cum suis optimatibus et Hispanici limitis custodibus circa Kal. Febr. Aquasgrani - nam ibi tunc imperator hiemaverat - venit; cum quibus cum de tuendis contra Sarracenos occidentalium partium finibus esset tractatum atque dispositum, Pippinus in Aquitaniam regressus aestatem in deputato sibi loco transegit.

Meanwhile King Pippin, the emperor’s son, as he had been ordered, with his own magnates and the wardens of the Spanish frontier, around the Kalends of February at Aachen - for there at that time the emperor had wintered - came; and with them, when there had been discussion and arrangement about guarding the borders of the western parts against the Saracens, Pippin, having returned into Aquitaine, spent the summer in the place appointed to him.

Imperator vero medio mense Maio Aquis egressus circa Kal. Iun. ad Ingilenheim venit; habitoque ibi conventu non modico multas et ex diversis terrarum partibus missas legationes audivit et absolvit. Inter quas praecipua caeterisque praeminens erat legatio sanctae sedis apostolicae, Romanae videlicet ecclesiae, qua fungebatur Leo Centumcellensis episcopus et Theofilactus nomenclator, et de partibus transmarinis

The emperor indeed, having gone out from Aquis in mid-month May, came around the Kalends of June to Ingilenheim; and there, an assembly of no small size having been held, he heard and dismissed many legations sent from diverse parts of the lands. Among these the chief and excelling the rest was the legation of the holy apostolic see, namely of the Roman Church, which was discharged by Leo, bishop of Centumcellae, and Theophylactus the nomenclator, and from the transmarine parts

Dominicus abbas de monte Oliveti, legati quoque filiorum Godofridi regis Danorum, pacis ac foederis causa directi et de Sclavorum regionibus quidam Abodritorum primores Ceadragum ducem suum accusantes.

Dominicus, abbot of Mount Olivet, and likewise legates of the sons of Godofrid, king of the Danes, sent for the cause of peace and pact, and from the regions of the Slavs certain leading men of the Abodrites, accusing Ceadrag, their duke.

Accusabatur et Tunglo, unus de Soraborum primoribus, quod et ipse dicto audiens non esset. Quorum utrique denuntiatum est, quod si medio Octobrio ad imperatoris generalem conventum venire distulisset, condignas perfidiae suae poenas esse daturum. Venerunt et ex Brittonum primoribus, quos illius limitis custodes adducere voluerunt.

Tunglo too was accused, one of the chief men of the Sorbs, because he likewise was not obedient to orders. To both of them it was denounced that, if either should delay to come to the emperor’s general assembly by mid-October, he would pay the condign penalties for his perfidy. There also came some of the chief men of the Bretons, whom the guardians of that frontier wished to bring in.

Eodem tempore Herioldus cum uxore et magna Danorum multitudine veniens Mogontiaci apud sanctum Albanum cum his, quos secum adduxit, baptizatus est; multisque muneribus ab imperatore donatus per Frisiam, qua venerat via, reversus est. In qua provincia unus comitatus, qui Hriustri vocatur, eidem datus est, ut in eum se cum rebus suis, si necessitas exigeret, recipere potuisset.

At the same time Herioldus, coming with his wife and a great multitude of Danes, at Mainz, at Saint Alban, was baptized together with those whom he had brought with him; and, endowed with many gifts by the emperor, he returned through Frisia by the route by which he had come. In which province one county, which is called Hriustri, was given to him, so that he might be able to withdraw himself with his goods into it, if necessity should require.

Baldricus vero et Geroldus comites ac Pannonici limitis praefecti in eodem conventu adfuerunt et adhuc de motu Bulgarorum adversum nos nihil se sentire posse testati sunt. Venit cum Baldrico presbyter quidam de Venetia nomine Georgius, qui se or*ganum facere posse adserebat; quem imperator Aquasgrani cum Thancolfo sacellario misit et, ut ei omnia ad id instrumentum efficiendum necessaria praeberentur, imperavit.

Baldric and Gerold, counts and prefects of the Pannonian frontier, were present at the same assembly and testified that as yet they could perceive nothing of a movement of the Bulgars against us. There came with Baldric a certain presbyter from Venice named George, who asserted that he could make an or*gan; whom the emperor sent to Aachen with Thancolf the sacellarius, and he ordered that everything necessary for the making of that instrument be provided to him.

Condictoque ac pronuntiato ad medium Octobrium generali conventu, caeteris omnibus more sollempni absolutis ipse trans Rhenum ad villam, quae Salz vocatur, cum suo comitatu profectus est. Ibi ad eum legati Neapolitanorum venerunt, atque inde accepto responso ad sua regressi sunt. Ibi ad eius notitiam perlatum est de fuga ac perfidia Aizonis, quomodo fraudulenter Ausonam ingressus et a populo illo, quem dolo deceperat, receptus Rotam civitatem destruxit, castella eiusdem regionis, quae firmiora videbantur, communivit missoque ad Abdiraman regem Sarracenorum fratre suo auxilium, quod petebat, iussu eiusdem regis contra nostros accepit.

And with a general convent appointed and proclaimed for mid-October, all other matters having been completed in solemn fashion, he himself set out across the Rhine to the villa which is called Salz with his retinue. There envoys of the Neapolitans came to him, and from there, having received an answer, they returned to their own. There it was brought to his notice about the flight and perfidy of Aizo: how, having fraudulently entered Ausona and being received by that people whom he had deceived by guile, he destroyed the city of Rota, fortified the strongholds of the same region which seemed more secure, and, having sent his brother to Abdiraman, king of the Saracens, he received by the command of that same king the aid which he was seeking against our people.

Sed imperator licet huius rei nuntium graviter ferret, nihil tamen inconsulte gerendum iudicans consiliariorum suorum adventum statuit operiri; transactaque autumnali venatione circa Kal. Octobr. per Moenum fluvium usque ad Franconofurd secunda aqua navigavit.

But the emperor, although he took the message of this matter grievously, nevertheless, judging that nothing should be done without counsel, resolved to await the arrival of his counselors; and, the autumnal hunt completed, about the Kalends of October he sailed down with a favorable current along the river Moenus (Main) as far as Franconofurd (Frankfurt).

Inde ad Ingilunhaim medio Octobrio veniens generalem ibi, ut condictum erat, populi sui conventum habuit. In quo et Ceadragum Abodritorum ducem necnon et Tunglonem, qui apud eum perfidiae accusabantur, audivit: et Tunglonem quidem accepto ab eo filio eius obside domum redire permisit, Ceadragum vero caeteris Abodritis dimissis secum retinuit missisque ad populum Abodritorum legatis, si eum sibi vulgus regnare vellet, perquirere iussit. Ipse autem

Thence, coming to Ingilunhaim in mid-October, he held there, as had been stipulated, a general assembly of his people. In it he also heard Ceadrag, duke of the Abodrites, and likewise Tunglo, who were being accused of perfidy in his presence; and Tunglo indeed, upon receiving from him his son as a hostage, he permitted to return home, but Ceadrag, the other Abodrites having been dismissed, he retained with himself; and having sent envoys to the people of the Abodrites, he ordered them to inquire whether the common people wished him to reign over them. But he himself

Aquasgrani, ubi hiemare constituerat, profectus est. Cumque legati, quos ad Abodritos miserat, reversi nuntiassent, variam gentis illius super rege suo recipiendo sententiam, meliores tamen ac praestantiores quosque de illius receptione concordare, acceptis ab eo, quos imperavit, obsidibus in regnum suum eum fecit restitui.

He set out for Aachen, where he had decided to winter. And when the envoys whom he had sent to the Abodrites returned and reported the varied judgment of that people concerning the taking back of their king—yet that the better and more preeminent men were in agreement about his reception—after receiving from him the hostages he required, he had him restored to his kingdom.

Dum haec aguntur, Hildoinus abbas monasterii sancti Dionisii martyris Romam mittens adnuente precibus eius Eugenio sanctae sedis apostolicae tunc praesule ossa beatissimi martyris Christi Sebastiani accepit et ea apud Suessonam civitatem in basilica sancti Medardi collocavit. Ubi dum adhuc inhumata in loculo, in quo adlata fuerant, iuxta tumulum sancti Medardi iacerent, tanta signorum ac prodigiorum multitudo claruit, tanta virtutum vis in omni genere sanitatum per divinam gratiam in nomine eiusdem beatissimi martyris enituit, ut a nullo mortalium eorundem miraculorum aut numerus conprehendi aut varietas verbis valeat enuntiari. Quorum quaedam tanti stuporis esse narrantur, ut humanae inbecillitatis fidem excederent, nisi certum esset, dominum nostrum Iesum Christum, pro quo idem beatissimus martyr passus esse dinoscitur, omnia, quae vult, facere posse per divinam omnipotentiam, in qua illi omnis creatura in caelo et in terra subiecta est.

While these things were being done, Hildoinus, abbot of the monastery of Saint Dionysius the martyr, sending to Rome, with Eugene, then prelate of the holy apostolic see, assenting to his prayers, received the bones of the most blessed martyr of Christ, Sebastian, and placed them in the city of Soissons in the basilica of Saint Medard. There, while they still lay unburied in the casket in which they had been brought, beside the tomb of Saint Medard, so great a multitude of signs and prodigies became manifest, so great a power of miracles in every kind of healings shone forth through divine grace in the name of that same most blessed martyr, that by no mortal could either the number of those miracles be comprehended or their variety be declared in words. Some of these are reported to be of such astonishment that they would exceed the credence of human frailty, unless it were certain that our Lord Jesus Christ—for whose sake this same most blessed martyr is known to have suffered—can do all things that he wills by divine omnipotence, by which all creation in heaven and on earth is subject to him.

[*827] DCCCXXVII. Imperator Helisachar presbyterum et abbatem et cum eo Hildibrandum atque Donatum comites ad motus Hispanicae marcae componendos misit. Ante quorum adventum Aizo Sarracenorum auxilio fretus multa eiusdem limitis custodibus adversa intulit eosque assiduis incursionibus in tantum fatigavit, ut quidam illorum relictis, quae tueri debebant, castellis recederent.

[*827] 827. The emperor sent Helisachar, a presbyter and abbot, and with him Hildibrand and Donatus, counts, to settle the disturbances of the Spanish Mark. Before their arrival, Aizo, relying on the aid of the Saracens, inflicted many reverses upon the guardians of that same frontier and so wearied them with continual incursions that some of them withdrew, leaving the castles which they ought to defend.

Defecit ad eum et filius Berani nomine Willemundus necnon et alii conplures novarum rerum gentilicia levitate cupidi; iunctique Sarracenis ac Mauris Ceritaniam et Vallensem rapinis atque incendiis cotidie infestabant. Cumque ad sedandos ac mitigandos Gothorum atque Hispanorum in illis finibus habitantium animos Helisachar abbas cum aliis ab imperatore missus multa et propria industria et sociorum consilio prudenter administrasset, Bernhardus quoque Barcinonae comes Aizonis insidiis et eorum, qui ad eum defecerant, calliditati ac fraudulentis machinationibus pertinacissime resisteret atque eorum temerarios conatus irritos efficeret, exercitus a rege Sarracenorum Abdiraman ad auxilium Aizoni ferendum missus Caesaraugustam venisse nuntiatur, supra quem Abumarvan regis propinquus dux constitutus ex persuasionibus Aizonis haud dubiam sibi victoriam pollicebatur.

There defected to him also the son of Bera, by name Willemund, and likewise many others eager for revolutions, with a gentile levity; and, joined with the Saracens and the Moors, they were making Cerdanya and Vallès daily unsafe with rapine and burnings. And when, for the calming and softening of the spirits of the Goths and Spaniards dwelling in those borders, Helisachar the abbot, sent with others by the emperor, had prudently managed many things by his own industry and by the counsel of his associates, and Bernard too, count of Barcelona, most tenaciously resisted the plots of Aizo and the cunning and fraudulent machinations of those who had defected to him and rendered their rash attempts void, it is reported that an army sent by Abdiraman, king of the Saracens, to bring aid to Aizo came to Caesaraugusta; over it Abumarvan, a kinsman of the king, appointed as commander, on Aizo’s persuasions promised himself a victory not to be doubted.

Contra quem imperator filium suum Pippinum Aquitaniae regem cum inmodicis Francorum copiis mittens regni sui terminos tueri praecepit. Quod ita factum esset, ni ducum desidia, quos Francorum exercitui praefecerat, tardius, quam rerum necessitas postulabat, is, quem ducebant, ad marcam venisset exercitus. Quae tarditas in tantum noxia fuit, ut Abumarvan vastatis Barcinonensium ac Gerundensium agris villisque incensis, cunctis etiam, quae extra urbes invenerat, direptis cum incolomi exercitu Caesaraugustam se prius reciperet, quam a nostro exercitu vel videri potuisset.

Against whom the emperor, sending his son Pippin, king of Aquitaine, with very great forces of the Franks, ordered him to protect the borders of his realm. This would so have been done, had not the sloth of the leaders whom he had set over the army of the Franks brought it about that the army they were leading came to the march more slowly than the necessity of affairs demanded. This slowness was so harmful that Abumarvan, after devastating the fields of the Barcelonans and the Gerundans, with the country houses set on fire, and with all things too that he found outside the cities plundered, withdrew to Caesaraugusta with his army unscathed before he could even have been seen by our army.

Huius cladis praesagia credita sunt visae multoties in caelo acies et ille terribilis nocturnae coruscationis in aere discursus.

The omens of this disaster were believed to be battle-lines seen many times in the sky, and that terrible coursing in the air of nocturnal coruscation.

Imperator autem duobus conventibus habitis, uno apud Niumagam propter falsas Hohrici filii Godefridi regis Danorum pollicitationes, quibus se illo ad imperatoris praesentiam venturum promiserat, altero apud Compendium, in quo et annualia dona suscepit et his, qui ad marcam Hispanicam mittendi erant, quid vel qualiter agere deberent, imperavit, ipse inter Compendium et Carisiacum caeteraque his vicina palatia usque ad hiberni temporis initium conversatus est.

However, the emperor, with two assemblies held—one at Niumaga on account of the false promises of Horic, son of Godfrid, king of the Danes, by which he had promised that he would come thither to the emperor’s presence, the other at Compendium, in which he both received the annual gifts and commanded those who were to be sent to the Spanish March what and in what manner they ought to act—himself sojourned between Compendium and Carisiacum and the other palaces neighboring these until the beginning of the winter season.

Interea reges Danorum, filii videlicet Godofridi, Herioldum de consortio regni eicientes Nordmannorum finibus excedere conpulerunt.

Meanwhile the kings of the Danes, namely the sons of Godofrid, casting Heriold out from the partnership of the kingdom, compelled him to go beyond the borders of the Northmen.

Bulgari quoque Sclavos in Pannonia sedentes misso per Dravum navali exercitu ferro et igni vastaverunt et expulsis eorum ducibus Bulgaricos super eos rectores constituerunt.

The Bulgars likewise devastated with iron and fire the Slavs settled in Pannonia, a naval army having been sent along the Drava; and, their leaders expelled, they appointed Bulgarian rulers over them.

Eugenius papa mense Augusto decessit. In cuius locum Valentinus diaconus a Romanis et electus et ordinatus vix unum mensem in pontificatu complevit. Quo defuncto Gregorius presbyter tituli sancti Marci electus, sed non prius ordinatus est, quam legatus imperatoris Romam venit et electionem populi, qualis esset, examinavit.

Pope Eugenius died in the month of August. In his place the deacon Valentinus, both elected and ordained by the Romans, scarcely completed one month in the pontificate. When he had died, Gregory, presbyter of the titulus of Saint Mark, was elected, but he was not ordained before the emperor’s legate came to Rome and examined of what sort the people’s election was.

Legati Michahelis imperatoris de Constantinopoli ad imperatorem quasi propter foedus confirmandum missi Septembrio mense Conpendium venerunt; quos ille ibi benigne receptos et audivit et absolvit.

Legates of Emperor Michael from Constantinople, sent to the emperor as if for the sake of confirming the treaty, came to Compendium in the month of September; whom he there kindly received, both heard and dismissed.

Corpora beatissimorum Christi martyrum Marcellini et Petri de Roma sublata et Octobrio mense in Franciam translata et ibi multis signis atque virtutibus clarificata sunt.

The bodies of the most blessed martyrs of Christ, Marcellinus and Peter, were taken up from Rome and in the month of October were transferred into France, and there were made illustrious by many signs and miracles.

[*828] DCCCXXVIII. Conventus Aquisgrani mense Februario factus est; in quo cum de multis aliis causis tum praecipue de his, quae in marca Hispanica contigerunt, ratio habita et legati, qui exercitui praeerant, culpabiles inventi et iuxta merita sua honorum amissione multati sunt. Similiter et Baldricus dux Foroiuliensis, cum propter eius ignaviam Bulgarorum exercitus terminos Pannoniae superioris inpune vastasset, honoribus, quos habebat, privatus et marca, quam solus tenebat, inter quattuor comites divisa est.

[*828] 828. An assembly at Aachen in the month of February was held; in which, while account was taken of many other causes, yet especially of those things which had happened in the Spanish March, and the legates who were in command of the army were found culpable and, according to their deserts, were punished with the loss of their honors. Likewise Baldric, duke of Friuli, since on account of his ignavia the army of the Bulgars had with impunity ravaged the borders of Upper Pannonia, was deprived of the honors he held, and the march which he alone possessed was divided among four counts.

Halitgarius Camaracensis episcopus et Ansfridus abba monasterii Nonantulae Constantinopolim missi et a Michahele imperatore, sicut ipsi inde reversi retulerunt, honorifice suscepti sunt.

Halitgarius, bishop of Cambrai, and Ansfridus, abbot of the monastery of Nonantola, were sent to Constantinople and were received honorifically by Emperor Michael, as they themselves, having returned from there, reported.

Imperator Iunio mense ad Ingilinheim villam venit ibique per aliquot dies placitum habuit; in quo cum de filiis suis Hlothario et Pippino cum exercitu ad marcam Hispanicam mittendis consilium inisset et, id quomodo fieret, ordinasset, missos etiam Romani pontificis Quirinum primicerium ac Theofilactum nomenclatorem, qui ad eum illo venerant, audita illorum legatione dimisisset, ad villam Franconofurd profectus est. Ibique aliquandiu moratus Wormatiam venit atque inde Theodonis villam perrexit; de quo loco Hlotharium filium suum cum magnis Francorum copiis ad Hispanicam marcam direxit. Qui cum Lugdunum venisset, consedit nuntium opperiens, qui se de Sarracenorum adventu faceret certiorem; in qua expectatione cum Pippino fratre conloquitur et comperto, quod Sarraceni ad marcam venire aut timerent aut nollent, redeunte in Aquitaniam fratre ipse ad patrem Aquasgrani revertitur.

The emperor in the month of June came to the villa of Ingelheim and there for several days held a placitum; in which, when he had taken counsel about sending his sons Lothar and Pippin with the army to the Spanish March and had ordered how this should be done, and had also, after hearing their embassy, dismissed the envoys of the Roman pontiff—Quirinus the primicerius and Theophylact the nomenclator—who had come to him there, he set out for the villa of Frankfurt. And, having stayed there for some time, he came to Worms and thence proceeded to Theodonis Villa (Thionville); from which place he dispatched his son Lothar with great forces of the Franks to the Spanish March. When he had come to Lyon, he halted, awaiting a messenger who would make him certain of the arrival of the Saracens; and, during this expectation, he confers with his brother Pippin, and, on learning that the Saracens either feared to come to the March or were unwilling, his brother returning into Aquitaine, he himself returns to his father at Aachen.

Interea, cum in confinibus Nordmannorum tam de foedere inter illos et Francos confirmando quam de Herioldi rebus tractandum esset et ad hoc totius pene Saxoniae comites simul cum markionibus illo convenissent, Herioldus rerum gerendarum nimis cupidus condictam et per obsides firmatam pacem incensis ac direptis aliquot Nordmannorum villulis inrupit. Quod audientes filii Godofridi contractis subito copiis ad marcam veniunt et nostros in ripa Egidore fluminis sedentes ac nihil tale opinantes transito flumine adorti castris exuunt eisque in fugam actis cuncta diripiunt ac se cum omnibus copiis suis in sua castra recipiunt. Deinde inito consilio, ut ultionem huius facti praevenirent, missa legatione ad imperatorem, quam inviti et quanta necessitate coacti id fecerint, exposuerunt, se tamen ad satisfactionem esse paratos, et hoc in imperatoris esset arbitrio, qualiter ita fieret emendatum, ut de reliquo inter partes pax firma maneret.

Meanwhile, when on the borders of the Northmen both about confirming the foedus between them and the Franks and about the affairs of Heriold it had to be treated, and for this almost all the counts of Saxony together with the margraves had come together there, Heriold, too desirous of managing affairs, broke the peace appointed and made firm by hostages by burning and plundering several little hamlets of the Northmen. Hearing this, the sons of Godofrid, having suddenly gathered forces, come to the march and, our men sitting on the bank of the Egidora river and suspecting nothing of the sort, having crossed the river they attack, strip them of their camp and, with them driven into flight, plunder everything and withdraw with all their forces into their own camp. Then, counsel having been taken, in order to forestall the vengeance of this deed, sending a legation to the emperor, they explained how unwilling and under what necessity compelled they had done this, that nevertheless they were ready for satisfaction, and that this was in the emperor’s arbitration, how it should be amended in such a way that thereafter between the parties a firm peace might remain.

Bonefacius comes, cui tutela Corsicae insulae tunc erat commissa, adsumpto secum fratre Berehario necnon et aliis quibusdam comitibus de Tuscia Corsicam atque Sardiniam parva classe circumvectus, cum nullum in mari piratam invenisset, in Africam traiecit et inter Uticam atque Kartaginem egressus, innumeram incolarum multitudinem subito congregatam offendit; cum qua et proelium conseruit et quinquies vel eo amplius fusam fugatamque profligavit magnaque Afrorum multitudine prostrata, aliquantis etiam sociorum suorum per temeritatem amissis in naves suas se recepit atque hoc *facto ingentem Afris timorem incussit.

Boniface the count, to whom the tutelage of the island of Corsica had then been entrusted, having taken with him his brother Bereharius as well as certain other counts from Tuscany, having sailed around Corsica and Sardinia with a small fleet, since he had found no pirate on the sea, crossed over into Africa and, having disembarked between Utica and Carthage, encountered an innumerable multitude of inhabitants suddenly assembled; with whom he both joined battle and, five times or even more, routed, put to flight, and overthrew them; and with a great multitude of Africans laid low, with some of his own allies also lost through rashness, he withdrew to his ships and by this *deed he struck an immense fear into the Africans.

Luna Kal. Iul. primo diluculo in occasu suo defecta est; similiter et in VIII.

On the Kalends of July, at first dawn, in its setting, the Moon was eclipsed; likewise also on the 8th.

Kal. Ian., id est in natale Domini, media nocte obscurata est.

On the Kalends of January, that is, on the Nativity of the Lord, at midnight it was darkened.

Imperator circa missam sancti Martini Aquasgrani ad hiemandum venit ibique positus totum hiberni temporis spatium in diversis conventibus ob necessaria regni negotia congregatis inpendit.

The Emperor came around the Mass of Saint Martin to Aachen to winter, and there, being settled, he expended the whole span of the winter season with various assemblies convened for the necessary business of the realm.

[829] DCCCXXVIIII. Post exactam hiemem in ipso sancto quadragesimali ieiunio paucis ante sanctum pascha diebus Aquisgrani terrae motus noctu factus ventusque tam vehemens coortus, ut non solum humiliores domos, verum etiam ipsam sanctae Dei genitricis basilicam, quam capellam vocant, tegulis plumbeis tectam non modica denudaret parte.

[829] 829. After the winter was concluded, during the very holy Lenten fast, a few days before holy Pascha, at Aachen an earthquake occurred by night, and a wind so vehement arose that it laid bare not only the humbler houses, but even the basilica itself of the holy Mother of God, which they call the chapel, roofed with leaden tiles, of no small part.

Imperator vero in diversis occupationibus usque ad Kal. Iul. Aquisgrani moratus tandem ad generalem conventum Wormatiae habendum cum comitatu suo mense Augusto statuit proficisci.

The emperor, however, having remained at Aachen, occupied with various engagements up to the Kalends of July, at length decided to set out with his retinue in the month of August to hold the general assembly at Worms.

Sed priusquam inde promoveret, nuntium accepit, Nordmannos velle Transalbianam Saxoniae regionem invadere atque exercitum eorum, qui hoc facturus esset, nostris finibus adpropinquare. Quo nuntio commotus misit in omnes Franciae partes et iussit, ut cum summa festinatione tota populi sui generalitas post se in Saxoniam veniret, indicans simul, velle se apud Novesium medio circiter Iulio Rhenum transire.

But before he advanced from there, he received a message that the Northmen wished to invade the Transalbian region of Saxony, and that the army of those who would do this was approaching our borders. Disturbed by this report, he sent into all parts of Francia and ordered that, with the greatest haste, the entire generality of his people should come after him into Saxony, indicating at the same time that he wished to cross the Rhine at Novesium about the middle of July.

Sed ubi vana esse compererat, quae de Nordmannis fama disperserat, sicut prius dispositum habebat, medio mense Augusto Wormatiam venit ibique habito generali conventu et oblata sibi annua dona sollempni more suscepit et legationes plurimas, quae tam de Roma et Benevento, quam et de aliis longinquis terris ad eum venerant, audivit atque absolvit. Hlotharium quoque filium suum finito illo conventu in Italiam direxit ac Bernhardum comitem Barcinonae, qui eatenus in marca Hispaniae praesidebat, camararium in palatio suo constituit. Aliis etiam causis, quae ad illius placiti completionem pertinere videbantur, congruo modo dispositis atque completis populoque ad sua ire dimisso ipse ad autumnalis venationis exercitium Franconovurdum villam profectus est; qua transacta ad hiemandum Aquasgrani reversus est, ubi et missam sancti Martini ac festivitatem beati Andreae apostoli necnon et ipsum sacrosanctum Dominicae nativitatis diem cum magna laetitia et exultatione celebravit.

But when he had found that what rumor had disseminated about the Northmen was groundless, just as he had previously arranged, in mid-August he came to Worms, and there, a general assembly having been held, he received the annual gifts offered to him according to solemn custom, and he heard and disposed of very many legations which had come to him both from Rome and Benevento and also from other far-distant lands. His son Lothar, too, he dispatched to Italy when that assembly was finished, and he appointed Bernard, count of Barcelona, who up to that time was presiding in the Spanish March, chamberlain in his palace. With other causes also, which seemed to pertain to the completion of that placitum, arranged and completed in fitting fashion, and the people dismissed to go to their own, he himself set out to the villa of Franconofurd for the exercise of autumnal hunting; this concluded, he returned to Aachen to winter, where he celebrated the Mass of St. Martin and the feast of the blessed Apostle Andrew, and likewise the very holy day of the Lord’s Nativity, with great joy and exultation.