Boym: Cafraria1 [...] a Patre Michaele Boym Polono Missa Mozambico1644 Ianuar. 11

Cafraria est tractus magnus, qui et Monomotapae regnum includit, a capite BonaeSpei protensus ad Mozambicum et ad flumina, Goam versus. Negotiatio Lusitanorumcum Cafribus tota redit ad eandem civitatem. Omnes Cafres viri, feminae, pueri,nudi <capitibus>² incedunt sine pilleis, nihilominus modo iamviri a cingulo se velant ad genua, feminae a pectore ad talos telis depictis,quales Turcae vendunt Europaeis.

Cafraria is a great tract, which also includes the kingdom of Monomotapa, stretched from the Cape of Good Hope to Mozambique and to the rivers toward Goa. The trade of the Portuguese with the Cafres altogether returns to the same city. All Cafres — men, women, boys, naked <capitibus>² — go about without pillei; nevertheless now men only veil themselves from the girdle to the knees, women from the breast to the ankles with cloths wrought or depicted, such as the Turks sell to Europeans.

Sunt crinibus crispi, feminae quoque nonhabent longos crines, esto si quando accrescunt, eos pectine attollant adinstar pillei sacerdotalis.

They have crisp (curly) hair; the women likewise do not have long hair; but if ever it grows, they lift it with a comb in the fashion of a sacerdotal pilleus.

Gens est servilis, ingeniosa subinde, mancipia sunt Lusitanorum. Emuntur protelis dictis aut pro argento, quod hic magis aestimatur, vocant patacas. ParviCafres pretium et cognomen habent trium aut septem, si sunt bene compacti etmaiores, decem aut 12 scutorum.

The people are servile, ingeniously so at times, and the mancipia belong to the Lusitanians. They are bought with things called protelis or for silver, which is more highly valued here, and they call it patacas. The small Cafres have a pretium and a cognomen of three or seven; if they are well compacted and larger, (they have) ten or 12 scuta.

Plurimi furto sublati a suis venduntur, alii aparentibus, pauci bello capti, alii damnati ad captivitatem ob miliumdevastatum, alii in via deprehensi adducuntur ad Lusitanos. Si vero captivorumquispiam diceret coram emptore se liberum esse aut iniuste venum dari, subito anigro venditore occiditur. Propterea in bona fide multos liberos pro mancipiisemptos habent Lusitani, quamquam multi Deus novit, quomodocomparantur.³

Very many, carried off by theft from their own, are sold; others by deceitful appearances, a few captured in war, others condemned to captivity on account of having devastated a thousand, others seized on the road are brought to the Lusitanians. If indeed any of the captives should say before the buyer that he is free or is being sold unjustly, he is immediately killed by the black seller. Therefore, in good faith the Lusitanians have many free persons bought as mancipia, although God knows in how many ways they are procured.³

Omnes Cafres sunt nigri coloris, sufflavi etiam reperiuntur. Cani et barbati, rufi crinibus et senes turpissimi sunt aspectus. Oleo se libentissime inunguntet inde pelles eorum collucent.

All Cafres are of black color; yellowish ones are also found. Grey-haired and bearded, red-haired, and the old are most hideous in appearance. They anoint themselves very willingly with oil, and thence their skins shine.

Sol capiti<bus>⁴ illorum, quiest intensissimi hic caloris, non nocet. Reges aut regulos plures (quos fumosappellant) habent. Hi inter se bella committunt.

Sol capiti<bus>⁴ illorum, qui est intensissimus hic calor, non nocet. Reges aut regulos plures (quos "fumos" appellant) habent. Hi inter se bella committunt.

Civitates, potius mappalia,rarissimas invenias. Ambulant catervatim et aut milium inventum, quod maioragrana habet Europaeo, aut homines captos assos comedunt. Quaesitus a me Cafer,quis illum vendidisset, "Cafres", respondit, "alii, qui me volebant comedere"."Tu vero quoties homines comedisti?". "Bis", inquit, "semel caput unius, alteravice pedes alterius". Alius narravit se ter comedisse tostum⁵hominem.

You will find settlements, rather small hamlets, exceedingly rare. They walk in bands and either eat millet when they find it, a sort whose grains are larger than the European, or they eat captured men roasted. When I asked the Cafer who had sold him, he answered, "The Cafres, others who wished to eat me." "And you—how many times have you eaten men?" "Twice," he said, "once the head of one, another time the feet of another." Another related that he had eaten a man toasted three times⁵.

Ignes ingentes noctu faciunt, qui circum circa Mozambici apparent. Rex illorumpraecipuus est ad caput Bonae Spei, dicitur Maravius.⁶ Quandomoritur, cadaver eius sollemniter ducitur ad foveam, eandem simul ingrediunturconcubinae, consanguinei, amici, milites, et plane nuper ad quinque milia insignum amoris erga regem a populo obruti eadem terra periere. Eidem regi pugnummilii et pugnum farinae (sicuti et ceteris solent facere Cafribus mortuis)alligant.⁷

They kindle huge fires by night, which appear around about Mozambique. The foremost king of those people is at the Cape of Good Hope; he is called Maravius.⁶ When he dies, his corpse is solemnly led to a pit; at the same time his concubines, kinsmen, friends, and soldiers enter the same, and indeed recently about five thousand, distinguished for their love toward the king, having been overwhelmed by the people, perished in the same earth. To the same king they bind a handful of millet and a handful of flour (just as they are wont to do to other dead Cafres).⁷

Narravit Pilotus, cum ante aliquot annos ad Promunturium Bonae Spei naufraginavem reficerent et campanam ad gentem navis convocandam pulsarent,"concurrerunt", inquit, "infiniti ad novitatem soni Cafres et inter illosproximius accessit unus, olim mancipium Lusitani cuiusdam. Lusitanice locutusdixit se nosse homines, qui essent. Generum se regis esse, sed tempestate naviIndica quassata delatum eo, omnibus summersis remansisse ad litus derelictum ettandem a Cafribus inventum et curatum recuperasse sanitatem.

Pilotus related that, when some years before they were repairing a shipwreck at the Promontory of Good Hope and were striking a bell to summon the ship’s people, "they ran together," he said, "countless Cafres at the novelty of the sound, and among them one came nearest, formerly the mancipium of a certain Lusitanian. Speaking Lusitanian he said that he knew men who were there; he declared himself to be the king’s son‑in‑law, but, the Indian ship having been dashed by the storm and carried to that place, with all having been swallowed he remained abandoned on the shore, and at last, being found and tended by the Cafres, recovered his health.

Atque, quodscivisset praedicere ventos, tempestates et pluvias, aestimatum et regi carumgenerumque effectum. Quod vero vos hic agitis et vultis? Illi vaccas et taurospostulavere.

And, because he had known how to foretell winds, storms, and rains, he was esteemed and became dear to the king and to his sons-in-law. But what, indeed, are you doing and wishing here? They demanded cows and bulls.

Modo pecuniam consuetam non negarent, appromisit illa. Dederuntquadratas aeris particulas 40, nam aurum hic non aestimatur ob ignorantiam. Etsubito 40 vaccae ab illo adductae.

Only on condition that they would not refuse the customary money, she promised. They gave forty square pieces of copper, for gold is not valued here through ignorance. And suddenly forty cows were brought by him.

Ipse quoque rex persuasus a suo generovenit. Dicebat gener Lusitanos esse suos consanguineos, quod ab illis aere sibiconcredito probabat, nam in istis partibus neque uxor pecuniam credit suomarito. Et campanam ipse rex saepius inspiciens atque sonum admirans collo suoappendit munitionesque Lusitanorum pulsando illud tintinnabulum sua et suorumsumma cum voluptate circumivit.

The king himself was also persuaded by his son-in-law. The son-in-law said the Lusitanians were his kinsmen, which he proved by the fact that they entrusted bronze to him, for in those parts not even a wife lends money to her husband. And the king himself, oft inspecting the bell and admiring its sound, hung it about his neck and, striking that little tinkling bell, went round the Lusitanians’ fortifications with the sum of his and his people’s with pleasure.

Tandem tormenta admiratus et boatum illorumreveritus abiit".

Tandem, having admired the siege-engines and reverenced their boat, he departed.

Bellum pedibus peragunt. Arma azagalha (est simplex baculus cum ferro in finead instar lanceae latae), arcus (lignum recurvum tensum cerato funiculo),sagittae ex harundine sine pennis (has enim gratia ornatus cuiuscumque avis,etiam gallinae, capitis crinibus innodant); sagittae, inquam, ferream cuspidemin extremitate habent et, quia teretes, celerrime volant. Aliquando venenoimbuuntur.

They wage war on foot. The arms azagalha (it is a simple staff with iron at the end, like a broad lance), bows (a recurved piece of wood stretched with a waxed cord), arrows made from reed without feathers (for these, indeed, for the sake of ornament they knot on the hairs of the head of any bird, even of a hen); arrows, I say, have an iron point at the extremity and, because they are round, fly very swiftly. Sometimes they are imbued with poison.

Vidi ego ad arcus alligatam radicem et particulam ab uno nigroaccepi pro medalia. Est optima res pro vulneribus, immo morsibus serpentium etvenenosorum inservit. Attrita lapide aut commansa et applicata radix <nomenradicis mitambo>⁸ vel illius pulvis intra tres quattuorve dieshominem sanat a quocumque letali vulnere.

I saw a root bound to the bow, and I received a fragment from a certain black man as a medallion. It is an excellent remedy for wounds, indeed it serves against bites of serpents and venomous beasts. Rubbed on a stone or chewed and applied, the root <nomenradicis mitambo>⁸ or its powder heals a man within three or four days from any lethal wound.

Itaque, ut se videt Cafer traiectumsagitta aut azagalha, si non repente moritur, ipse aut circumstantes applicantradicem et certissime evadit mortem.

Therefore, when a Cafer sees himself pierced by an arrow or azagalha, if he does not die suddenly, he himself or those standing around apply the root and most certainly escape death.

Iudicium exercent hac ratione. Quando alicui moritur pater aut mater, statimcurrunt ad maleficum aut striges et narrant patrem suum mortuum,sed⁹ cum his et illis gessisse inimicitias. Sortes maleficus mittit(aliquando etiam antequam aperiat causam sui adventus, coram astantibusmanifestat hominem propter quid venerit), postea divinat et nominat occisorem.Abit Cafer ad fumum seu regem, accusat hostem patris, in silvis quaeritur herbadicta moabi venenosa, mandat fumus bibere accusatum.

They administer judgment in this manner. When to anyone a father or mother dies, they at once run to the maleficus or to the witches and relate that their father is dead, but⁹ that he had borne enmities with this one and that one. The maleficus casts lots (sometimes even before he opens the cause of his coming, he declares, in the presence of those standing by, the man for whom he has come); afterwards he divines and names the slayer. The Cafer goes to the fumus or to the king, accuses the enemy of his father; in the woods the herb called moabi, poisonous, is sought, and the fumus orders the accused to drink it.

Si ebibit et post 24 horasper vomitum sanus evadit, innocens declaratur. Si renuit, aliquando bonisprivatur, plerumque necatur aut intra illud tempus veneno emoritur et est resquasi impossibilis etiam ipsis Christianis Cafribus iudicii hoc genus iniustumesse persuadere.

If he drinks and after 24 hours, by vomiting, comes forth healthy, he is declared innocent. If he refuses, he is sometimes deprived of his goods, more often killed or within that time dies of poison; and it is a thing almost impossible even to persuade the Christian Cafers themselves that this kind of judgment is unjust.

Aliquando congregati a suo fumo venantur bubalos et leones, verum cum multasuorum iactura. Ita nuper leo ferocissimus vallatus a Cafribus, cum pluribusnecasset et exitum quaereret, ne maiorem stragem daret exercitui, iussit fumusviam fieri ex illa parte ad quam ibat leo. At ille, ubi hoc advertit,retrogressus impetum fecit ubi maxima erat multitudo et aliquos vulneravit,occidit aliquos, nihilominus sagitta ab uno Cafre petitus periit ad extremum.Elephantes hac ratione venantur: vadunt ad silvas 6 aut octo cum azagaliis, seulanceis, et duo a tergo, duo ad latera, duo a fronte, sed a longe, ne+proposside+¹⁰ attingi possint, occurrunt et hi bestiam sicalloquntur: "Scimus, fortissime elephas, quia non facile potes superari.

Sometimes, having been gathered by their smoke, they hunt buffaloes and lions, but with the loss of many of their number. Thus recently a most fierce lion, besieged by the Cafres, when he had killed many and sought an exit, so as not to inflict a greater slaughter on the army, ordered that a smoke-path be made on that side to which the lion was going. But he, when he noticed this, having turned back made an onslaught where the crowd was greatest and wounded some, killed some; nevertheless, having been struck by an arrow from one Cafre he finally perished. Elephants are hunted in this fashion: six or eight go to the woods with azagals, or lances, and two at the rear, two at the flanks, two at the front, but from far off, ne+proposside+¹⁰ so that they cannot be touched; and these meet the beast and thus address it: "We know, most brave elephant, that you cannot easily be overcome.

Nostamen volumus tuas vires et potentiam experiri. Itaque se defendas". Interea atergo occurrunt duo et sagittas aut lanceas infingunt. Ille ad dolorem etvulnera se dum convertit, quae retroversio difficillima est, quod vertebriscarent ad hoc accommodatis.

N nevertheless we wish to test your strength and power. And so, defend yourself". Meanwhile two come upon him from the rear and drive in arrows or spears. He, as he turns himself toward the pain and wounds — a turning back that is most difficult, because the vertebrae were not adapted for this.

Tum illi Cafres, qui obvii fuerant aspectui, lateraconfodiunt, et si ille ad illos occidendos revertitur, isti, qui a lateribussunt, illum prosternunt. Ita miser cadit debilitatus et occiditur. Dentes duos,quos aliquando duo viri portare non sufficiunt, avellunt, carnem comedunt, quaedicitur insipida, capillos ex cauda satis crassos evellunt atque pro armillisin manibus portant.

Then those Cafres, who had met his sight, stab through the sides, and if he turns back to slay them, those who are at the flanks prostrate him. Thus the wretch falls weakened and is killed. They tear away two teeth, which at times two men are not enough to carry, they eat the flesh, which is said to be insipid, they pluck out from the tail hairs sufficiently thick and carry them as bracelets in their hands.

Quamquam commune est hoc pauperrimis etiam Cafribus adcollum vitreos globulos aut coronam gestare, nam feminae circulos aut de bubalonigros, aut de auro argentove circumferunt. Christiani vero appendunt ad collummedalia aut reliquiaria, quae summopere aestimant. Inde est, ut si elephaseiusmodi homines praesentiat, ad latera silvarum altissimas quasque arboresradicitus evellendo aufugiat.

Although it is common even among the very poorest Cafres to wear at the neck glass beads or a crown, for the women wear circlets either of black buffalo-horn or of gold or silver around the neck, Christians, however, hang medallions or reliquaries about the neck, which they value exceedingly. Hence, when elephantine men are present, they flee to the edges of the woods, uprooting and carrying off the tallest trees.

Mozambique insula parva, in circumitu unius +leveae+¹¹ Italicae.Arena et aqua maris salsa abundat. Palmae, quae producunt cocos, dicuntur alionomine nux Indica. De hac in mappa Iansonii ad Ceilanum fuse scribitur.

Mozambique is a small island, with a circumference of one +leveae+ Italian¹¹. It abounds in sand and in the salt water of the sea. The palms that produce coconuts are by another name called the Indian nut. About this, in Janssonius’s map of Ceylon, it is written at length.

Cocusiste ad instar mei capitis, intra non habet nucleum ut nostrae nuces, sedquando est fructus tener habet aquam unius calicis dulcem et subacetosam. Procaloribus ad vesperam est res refrigerans, vocatur lagna. Quando adolescit,vocatur cocus.

This coconut, like my head in form, within has no kernel like our nuts, but when the fruit is tender it contains the water of one cup, sweet and slightly sour. In hot weather toward evening it is a cooling thing, called lagna. When it matures, it is called cocus.

Habet pulpam, ex qua exprimitur oleum et aquae parum, quae estcalida; ex cortice fila et funes conficiuntur, vela navium ex frondibuseiusdem. Antequam formentur istae nuces, grossus ad instar rami aut cornucopiaepromanat frutex, eius medulla alba et dulcis. Ex hac destillatur liquor, quivocatur sura,¹² estque ad instar aquae ardentis.

It has a pulp, from which oil and a little water are pressed, the latter being hot; from the bark threads and ropes are made, and the sails of ships from its fronds. Before these nuts are formed, a thick shoot, like a branch or a cornucopia, issues forth from the shrub, its pith white and sweet. From this a liquor is distilled, which is called sura¹², and it is like burning water.

Accensus concipitflammam, expositus soli convertitur in acetum.

When kindled it takes flame; when exposed to the sun it is converted into vinegar.

Foliis palmae ornantur ecclesiae et teguntur. Nulla domus Mozambici, quae nontecta sit palmis siccis quasi stramine, ad ignem esca concipiendum aptissima,sed Cafrorum mappalia sunt baculi in gyrum defossi, aliquando argilla replenturne transpareant foramina. Misera civitas aqua dulci caret, triticum, milium,oryza nisi aliunde veniat, fame perit.

The churches are adorned and roofed with palm leaves. No house of the Mozambicans that is not roofed with dry palms as with straw is not most fit for kindling food for the fire; the huts of the Cafri are sticks driven into the ground in a circle, sometimes filled with clay so that the holes do not show. The wretched city lacks fresh water, wheat, millet, and rice—unless these come from elsewhere, it perishes from famine.

Tres aut quattuor habet cisternaspluviatiles aquas congregantes. Pluit hic rarissime, in mense semel, ut multumbis. Aliis fructibus omnibus, qui sunt in Europa, caret.

He has three or four cisterns, pluviatile cisterns gathering waters. It rains here very rarely, once in a month, as in many places. It lacks all the other fruits that are in Europe.

Producit paucula aureapoma et malogranata in adversa parte, quae Cabacera vocatur.

It produces a few golden apples and pomegranates on the opposite side, which is called Cabacera.

Haec, quae portio continentis Africae est, silvis et bestiis scatet.Habitatores Mozabici 60 ad summum, patres¹³ familias Lusitani.Artifices nulli, sartor et tonsor soli sunt. Calcei Goa veniunt. Inde rarissimecarnem comedunt, publicus namque macellarius nullus, oryza sola vivunt, quaeGoa venit.

This, which is a portion of the continent of Africa, abounds in woods and beasts. The inhabitants, Mozabici, sixty at most; the heads of households are Lusitani¹³. No artisans, only a tailor and a barber. Shoes come from Goa. Thence they very rarely eat meat, for there is no public butcher; they live on rice alone, which comes from Goa.

Panis hic exiguus, qui sine frumento coquitur et a divitibus tantumcomeditur. Buccella, quae solido in Polonia emitur, hic valet[quattuor]¹⁴ quattuor grossis. Capri de Insula Sancti Laurenti seuMadagascar subinde afferuntur, sunt vaccae et paucae ficus ad instar digitiIndici oblongae, fragarum habent, quando maturae, saporem.

This bread is small, baked without grain and eaten only by the rich. A buccella, which is bought solid in Poland, here is worth [quattuor]¹⁴ quattuor grossi. Goats from the island of Saint Lawrence or Madagascar are brought from time to time; there are cows and a few figs oblong like an Indian finger, and when ripe they have the flavor of strawberries.

Piscium hic, nisiesse<nt>¹⁵ inertes homines, copia maxima, sicut et cochlearumet cancrorum. Lusitani namque dedignantur ullam artemhis<ce>¹⁶ partibus exercere et ideo miserrime vivunt. Utprimum veniunt, fidalgos seu nobiles se faciunt et, cum sint inter Cafreshomines silvestres, et illos non excolunt et ipsi fame et inedia conficiuntur.Inde hic nemo ar<at>,¹⁷ nemo occat, nemo serit, nemo plantat.Oves nullae, lacticinia nulla, sunt silvae et ferae infinitae.

Piscium hic, nisiesse<nt>¹⁵ inertes homines, copia maxima, sicut et cochlearum et cancrorum. There is here the very greatest plenty of fish, were it not for the inert people, as also of whelks and crabs. The Lusitani, for they disdain to practise any craft in these<ce>¹⁶ parts, and therefore live most miserably. As soon as they arrive, they make themselves fidalgos or nobles, and, since they are among the Cafres wild men, they do not cultivate those [lands] and themselves are consumed by hunger and starvation. Hence here no one ar<at>,¹⁷ no one tills, no one sows, no one plants. No sheep, no dairy-products; there are infinite woods and wild beasts.

Caeduntaliquando lignum nigrum (hebani genus est vilius Aethiopico) per suos Cafreset, si se occasio offert, quod rarissime contingit, divendunt. Hoc in universumde insula dici venissime potest, quia est miserrima ob hominum, qui eamincolunt, neglegentiam supinam et inertiam. Barcas pauculas invenias (canoasvocant naviculas) ex uno ligno dedolato factas (cio>=na¹⁸ nobisdicuntur). Ad tantum portum, qui ditare posset homines industrios.

They sometimes cut black wood (a kind of ebony cheaper than the Ethiopian) by their own Cafres, and, if an opportunity offers — which very rarely happens — they sell it. This, generally speaking, may most truly be said of the island, because it is most miserable on account of the supine negligence and sloth of the men who inhabit it. You will find a few small boats (they call the little vessels canoas) made from a single hollowed tree (cio>=na¹⁸ they are said to us). To such a port, which could enrich industrious men.

Denteselephantorum maximi centum scutis veneunt, plus minusve pro ratione ponderisvenduntur. Afferuntur a Cafribus Mozambicum Sena.

Elephant teeth fetch at most a hundred scuti; they are sold more or less by the measure of weight. They are brought by the Cafres from Mozambique, Sena.

Sena est regio in Africa prope Mozambicum fertilissima. Fluvios navigabileshabet multos, abundat tritico, bobus, auro. Manent inibi Lusitani aliqui, verumrex terrae, licet sit eorum amicus, sub poena colli inhibuit suos discooperirefodenas grandes.

Sena is a region in Africa near Mozambique, most fertile. It has many navigable rivers, abounds in wheat (triticum), oxen (bobus), and gold. Some Lusitani (Portuguese) remain there, yet the rex terrae, though he is their friend, under penalty of the neck forbade his people to uncover great pits (fodena grandes).

Si vero aliquis casu eas reperiret, praecepit magis operiri.Parvulas auri particulas inventas concessit cum telis commutari et cum pannisde lino. Aurum hoc permixtum, habet aes et aurichalcum exiguum. Nonliquefaciunt illud, sed solum lavant in aquis.

But if anyone by chance found them, he ordered them to be more covered.Small particles of gold found he allowed to be exchanged for weapons and with pannisde linen.This mixed gold contains a small amount of bronze and aurichalcum.They do not melt it, but only wash it in waters.

Micae et pulvis, qui fundumpetit, aureus, est bene excoctus a sole. Aurum sigillatum seu moneta aureaMozambici et in tota India nulla est certa, sed, si quis eam apportat,ponderatur et aestimatur valore scutorum. Frusta proinde auri ponderantur utpetrae aut lapilli aurei.

The flakes and powder that sink to the bottom are golden, well baked by the sun. Stamped gold, or the gold coin of Mozambique and throughout India, is not certain; but if anyone brings it, it is weighed and appraised at the value of scutorum. Pieces of gold therefore are weighed like stones or golden pebbles.

Vitiat hoc liga, quae Mozambici datur, de aere autaurichalco.

This is tainted by the liga which is given in Mozambique, made from bronze or from aurichalcum.

Formicae in Africa ex adverso Mozambici dicuntur facere montes, ceterumbrevissimo spatio pannos, vestimenta, calceos et quidquid inveniunt itadevastant, ut nihil omnino remaneat. Sal tamen circumpositum rebus easdemconservat et prohibet formicarum accessum. Foliis longis loco funium utuntur,quae adeo sunt fortia, ut dolia illis constricta sine periculo portari queant.Pennis gallinarum pro acubus¹⁹utuntur.

Ants in Africa opposite Mozambique are said to make mounds; but in a very short space they devastate cloths, garments, shoes and whatever they find so that nothing at all remains. Salt, however, placed around things preserves them the same and forbids the ants’ access. They use long leaves in place of ropes, which are so strong that jars bound with them can be carried without danger. They use hens’ feathers as pins¹⁹.

Gallinae perpaucae et haeparvae, ova vix excedunt ova columbae. Tigrides in silvis infinitae. Temporevespertino, quando pulsatur ad Ave Maria, ad ipsa cadavera in coemeteriosepulta adveniunt, eruunt et comedunt noctu.

Hens very few and these very small; their eggs scarcely exceed the eggs of a dove. Tigers in the woods are countless. In the evening time, when the Ave Maria is struck, they come to the very corpses buried in the cemetery, dig them up, and eat them by night.

Si homines interdum videant,confugiant; quod si solus sit aliquis, insiliunt in collum aversum etstrangulant.

If they sometimes see humans, they flee to them; but if anyone is alone, they leap upon the turned neck and strangle him.

Quando Cafres salutant aliquem vel reverentur, supinos se prosternunt et femurpalma bis percutiunt. Tum ille, qui salutatur, in signum grati animi repercutitvolas manus suae. Cum loquuntur, mutuo alter post quodlibet verbum "U" vocalempronuntiant, est signum annuentis.

When the Cafres greet or revere someone, they throw themselves prostrate on their backs and strike the thigh twice with the palm. Then he who is greeted strikes back the flat of his hands as a sign of thankful feeling. When they speak, each after every word mutually utters the vowel "U"; it is a sign of assent.

Si hoc non fiat, ingratam putant suamnarrationem. Sunt Cafres fidelissimi suis dominis. Quod si contingat eos fugereet dominus mittat alium Cafrem cum suo pilleo et verbis sequentibus: "Dominusnoster manet discoopertus, vult ut pilleo hoc illum cooperias", redit illico,veniam petit et obtinet.

If this is not done, they deem the narration ungrateful. The Cafres are most faithful to their masters. But if it happens that they flee and the master sends another Cafre with his pilleo and the following words: "Our master remains uncovered; he wants you to cover this man with your pilleo," he returns forthwith, asks pardon and obtains it.

Si sciat Cafer obloqui aliquem domino suo, estodominus non imperet, homini insidiatur et confodit aliquando. Cafres sunt furesmaximi, non tamen in sua terra, quod ibi crimen vitae privatione puniatur.Milio solo victitant quod illis a dominis quod libet certa mensura datur.Cetera omnia contemnunt. Quaesiti, quid melius, panisne, oryza an milium,respondent "panis implet ventrem et transit, similiter oryza; solum miliumimplet et manet" (carnem tamen libenter comedunt, quaecumque illa sit, licetsit serpentium, boum corium assant et vorant, vinum etiam furtim ebibunt), indesolum milium seminant.

If a Cafer knows how to speak ill of someone to his master, that master will not command him, but plots against the man and sometimes stabs him. Cafres are the greatest thieves, not however in their own land, because there the crime is punished by deprivation of life. They live on millet alone, which by a certain measure is given them by their masters as they please. They scorn all other things. Asked which is better, bread, rice, or millet, they answer, "bread fills the belly and passes through, likewise rice; only millet fills and remains" (yet they gladly eat meat, whatever it may be, even if it is of serpents, they roast and devour ox-hide of oxen, and they will furtively drink wine), and in the soil they sow only millet.

Senae aliquis homo (dicitur fuisse Venetus), cumadvertisset non noscere triticum, impossibile visum est illi, quod cum omniaalia crescerent, illud solum non crescere; itaque accepit duodecim partesterrae et singulis mensibus duodecim triticum seminavit et invenit in Martioseminatum esse optimum et exinde Senae frumentum, quod ipsi Cafres iamseminant. Istis vero in partibus circa Mozambicum sunt Lusitani pigerrimi.

A certain man of Senae (said to have been Venetian), when he observed that wheat was not known there, found it impossible, since while all other things grew that alone did not grow; so he took twelve parcels of land and each month sowed twelve grains of wheat, and discovered that that sown in March was the best, and from this came the Senae grain, which the Cafres already sow themselves. In those parts around Mozambique the Lusitanians are very lazy.

Poma aurea, si pluvia adsit, bis hic nascuntur. Palmetum est locus, ubi suntpalmae seminatae. Cocum in terra defodiunt, qui crescit per annos in arborem etnon nisi septimo anno dat fructum.

Golden fruits, if rain is present, are born here twice. A palmetum is a place where palms are sown. They bury the coconut in the earth, which grows over years into a tree and does not give fruit until the seventh year.

Palmetum, inquam, quodlibet ferme menseproducit aliquas lagnas. Lilium Africanum est pulcherrimum rubicundi et albicoloris. Ananas est fructus terrae continentis optimus odoris et saporiseximii.

Palmetum, I say, almost every month produces some laganas. The African lily is very beautiful, reddish and whitish in colour. Ananas is the fruit of the continent, of the finest smell and most excellent taste.

Meo iudicio febres minuere potest ob suam frigiditatem. Nascitur interra ad trunci sui folia, quae cum trunco suo iterum defossa sequentis anniDecembri fructificant. Oculis utriusque imaginem subicio.

In my judgment it can lessen fevers because of its coldness. It is born in the earth among the leaves of its trunk, which, when again buried with their trunk in the following December, bear fruit. I set before the eyes the image of each.

Cazio fructusinsipidus ad partem grossiorem ad instar corculi magnitudine nucis semen suiipsius praefert; sale si condiatur, acrem saporem tolerabilem reddit; videaturpomum Europaeum primo aspectu. Poma hic nulla, similiter neque pira nequecerasa, uvae tamen vini fructificarent, si afferrentur et excolerenturpalmites. Oleum et vinum in totam Indiam venit ab Europa.

The fruit of Cazio, insipid, on the larger side bears its own seed resembling a little heart the size of a nut; if seasoned with salt it yields a sharp but tolerable taste; at first sight it may be seen as a European apple. There are no apples here, likewise neither pears nor cherries, yet grapes would produce wine, if vine-shoots were brought and cultivated. Oil and wine come into all India from Europe.

Porci paucissimi etcarissimi, omnia haec ob gentis neglegentiam. Ita fame, siti in terra maliaeris, humidi et calidi, moriuntur quodlibet die duo vel tres, cum incolae suntpaucissimi.

Very few and very dear pigs, all these things owing to the negligence of the people. Thus by famine and thirst, in the land called maliaeris, humid and hot, they die on any given day two or three, since the inhabitants are very few.

Christianitas istis in partibus exigua. Messis quidem multa, operarii autempauci. Christiani sunt aut Lusitani aut Cafres.

Christianity in those parts is scant. The harvest indeed is plentiful, but the workers few. The Christians are either Lusitanians or Cafres.

Ii nullum deum colunt,religione nulla sequuntur, ventrem suum curant et abdomini serviunt, hocimplere milio tota felicitas, caritatem tamen et inter barbaros mirare. Frustumhabeat nescio quam parvum Cafer cibi, dividit singulis Cafribus sibiastantibus, mica si sola illi restaret. Lusitani illi ditiores reputantur, quiCafres plures alunt.

They worship no god, follow no religion, care for their belly and serve their stomach; to fill this is the whole happiness of the Milo, yet admire charity even among barbarians. If a Cafer has a scrap of food, however small, he divides it among the several Cafers standing by, even if only a crumb remains for himself. The Lusitani are reckoned richer, who feed more Cafres.

Iam vero mancipia illa barcam ad Cabaceram pro aqua etlignis devehunt et dolia aquis replent. Dolium aquae scuto uno venit Mozambici.De cetero tota die sunt otiosi nisi dominus noctu aliquo abeat, tunc enim cumarcu, sagittis et azagaglia illum sequuntur. Signum Sanctae Crucis cum aliquolabore percipiunt et alia mysteria discerent si docerentur, sed dominineglegentes multos non instruunt nec instrui curant.

Now indeed those slaves ferry that boat to Cabacera for water and wood and fill the casks with water. A cask of water comes for one shield from Mozambique. Henceforth they are idle all day unless the master departs by night for some reason; for then with bow, arrows, and javelins they pursue him. They grasp the sign of the Holy Cross with some difficulty, and they would learn other mysteries if they were taught, but the negligent masters neither instruct many nor care that they be instructed.

Aliqui per incuriam sinebaptismo decedunt. Ipsi Lusitani raro sacramentum frequentant, sed fermequotidie sacrum audiunt. Illorum uxores semel diebus festis noctu sub auroramin lectis stipatae nigris ad missam audiendam deferuntur, verum missa finitaabeunt et numquam postea in templo apparent, proinde neque ad contiones nequead cathechismo veniunt et forte non nisi Paschate confitentur.

Some, through neglect, die without baptism. The Lusitanians themselves rarely frequent the sacrament, but almost daily they hear the sacred rites. Their wives, once on feast days at night before dawn, packed into black litters, are carried off to hear Mass; but when Mass is ended they depart and never afterwards appear in the temple, therefore they come neither to the assemblies nor to catechism, and perhaps they confess only at Easter.

De nigris utvadant ad doctrinam Christianam nihil omnino curant, immo quando multi suntCafres, illos domini sui non agnoscunt et si moritur sine sacramentis Cafer,dominus hoc ad se pertinere non cogitat. Onera omnia gravissima Cafres portant,iumenta enim nulla hic sunt. Umbellas supra capita dominorum propter solisnimios calores deferunt, eosdem in stratis pelle tigridis lectis baiulant.Curatus [clavem]²⁰ clavem cum torque aureo collo appensum gestat,quae clavis est ad ciborium, coronam quoque medaliis duobus aut tribus ornatam:quilibet Cafer Christianus quotcumque habere potest, appendit medalia etgaudent summe, quando eis dantur.

Concerning the blacks, that they be brought to the Christian doctrine they care nothing at all; indeed, when they are many they are Cafres, they do not acknowledge their lords, and if a Cafer dies without the sacraments the lord does not think this concerns him. The Cafres bear all the heaviest burdens, for there are no beasts of burden here. They carry umbrellas above their masters’ heads because of the sun’s excessive heats, and they likewise bear them on couches spread with tiger-skins. The curate bears [clavem]²⁰ clavem with a golden torque hanging about his neck, which key is for the ciborium; he also adorns the crown with two or three medals: every Christian Cafer, as many as he can have, hangs on medals and rejoices very greatly when they are given to him.

Oculis applicant et deosculantur ambobusmanibus sicut et cetera omnia recipiendo. Lusitanis consuetudo est (ut fuitolim Graecae ecclesiae) ponendi supra sepulcra in nigro extenso panno vinum etpanem et aliqua dulcia, candelas aliquot accensas. Die commemorations fideliumsacerdos pacta missa ad singula vadit ecclesiae sepulcra et orationem dicit proillo defuncto aspergens aqua benedicta.

They gaze upon them and kiss them with both hands, likewise receiving all other things. Among the Lusitanians the custom is (as was formerly of the Greek church) of placing upon the tombs, on a black-spread cloth, wine and bread and some sweetmeats, and several candles lighted. On the day of the commemoration of the faithful, when the mass is finished the priest goes to each of the church's tombs and says a prayer for that deceased one, sprinkling with blessed water.

Campanam non pulsant ad elevationem diedefunctorum. Cafres et Cafrae aquam benedictam pugnis acceptam sepulcrisinfundunt, Lusitanae immergunt strophiola et exprimunt super sepulcra. Quo veroaliquis magis amat defunctum eo plus aquae benedictae superinfundit mortuitumulo.

They do not strike the bell at the elevation on the day of the dead. Cafres and Cafrae pour blessed water, taken in their fists, over the sepulchres; the Lusitanian women dip strophiola (little scarves) and squeeze them over the tombs. Indeed, the more someone loves the deceased, the more blessed water he pours over the little corpse.

Sepeliunt se in effossa templi fovea cadaveri tela involuto terram autcaementum iniciendo.

They bury in a pit dug in the temple the corpse, the shroud having been wrapped about it, casting in earth or mortar.

Sanctum Antonium de Padva formidant plurimum Cafres ex hoc capite: perdideratquidam Lusitanus mancipium et propterea, cum esset afflictus, sancto Antoniofugam illius commendavit. Post aliquot dies in ecclesia proxima clausa inventusest profugus Cafer alligatus ad altare. Interrogatus, quomodo intrasset et quisligasset, respondit se prorsus nescire et ideo Cafres inter se dictitantista²¹"mancibo Portughese he hum grande embrolhador pera osCafres", hoc est "iste iuvenis (pingunt sanctum Lusitani rasa barba etmustaciis) est hostis Cafribus".

They greatly fear Saint Anthony of Padua among the Cafres from this head: a certain Lusitanian had lost a mancipium (slave), and therefore, being distressed, committed that fugitive’s recovery to Saint Anthony. After several days the fugitive Cafre was found in a nearby church, shut in, bound to the altar. When asked how he had entered and who had bound him, he answered that he knew nothing at all; and so the Cafres among themselves kept repeating this phrase²¹ "mancibo Portughese he hum grande embrolhador pera os Cafres," that is, "this Portuguese man is a great trouble‑maker for the Cafres" (they even portray the Portuguese youth — the saint — with a shaved beard and mustaches, calling him an enemy of the Cafres).

Sacramenta, si in Paschate frequentant, multum est. Consuetudo est, quod mihicontigit aliquoties finito sacro, Cafras mulieres venire cum infantibus adaltare - solent parvulos portare quasi onera ad humeros, inde pueri frequentiictu nasum simum acquirunt et raro videas Cafrem, qui aliqua nasi parte simusnon est. Consuetudo, inquam, est venire et petere evangelium de Beata Virginelegi supra suos infantes.

It is of much account when the sacraments are frequented at Easter. The custom is, as has happened to me several times when the sacred rite is ended, that Kaffir women come with infants to the altar — they are wont to carry the little ones like burdens on their shoulders; from that frequent carrying the children acquire a flattened/nubbed nose, and you rarely see a Kaffir who has not some part of the nose deformed. The custom, I say, is to come and to ask that the gospel of the Blessed Virgin be read over their infants.

Inveniuntur hic aliqui Mauri, qui in Senampropagandae suae sectae causa in vestitu nautarum +Cacizes+²²traiciunt. Multi ex illis devotissimi sunt Virgini, cuius imago miraculosa estBazaini. Quaesivi ex uno, utrum vidisset Virginem Bazaini, subito fecit capitereverentiam "Padre", inquiens, "a quella Virgem he huma grande senora".Miraculum huiusmodi fecit primum illa imago: misit Lusitanus Cafram ad certumhominem emere vinum.

Here are found some Moors who, for the purpose of propagating their sect in Senā, in the dress of sailors called +Cacizes+²² pass themselves off. Many of them are most devout to the Virgin, whose miraculous image is at Bazaini. I asked one whether he had seen the Virgin of Bazaini; suddenly he made a reverent bow of the head and said, "Padre, that Virgin is a great lady." That image first wrought such a miracle: a Lusitanian sent a Cafre to a certain man to buy wine.

Haec empto rediens domum cecidit in terram et lagoenamvini fregit. Resoluta in lacrimas et femineo<s>

Having bought these and returning home, she fell to the ground and broke a flask of wine. Dissolved in tears and in womanly weakness<s>

24 ululatus obtimorem verberum, contulit se ad ecclesiam vicinam. Vidit imaginem Virginis etcoram illa illacrimata uberrime, tandem spei plena egressa invenit lagoenam ineodem loco plateae integerrimam vinoque plenam. Gustat dominus vinum, quaeritubi emerit adeo generosum, neque enim credibile est in terra reperirieiuscemodi.

24 with a wail, having endured the sting of blows, she betook herself to the nearby church. She saw the image of the Virgin; that woman, weeping most abundantly, at last, full of hope, went out and found the flask in the same place in the street perfectly intact and full of wine. The lord tastes the wine, asks where she had bought so choice a thing, for it is not believable that the like could be found on earth.

Illa affirmare cauponem illum hominem sibi vendidisse, contradominus negat et in veritatem huius pecuniam dat Cafrae, ut denuo emeret vinumab eodem. Tum illa confessa miraculum, quod in re accidit, ipsa et aliinonnulli, quibus hoc innotuis, conversi ad fidem. Narratur aliud miraculum declaudo et paralytico simul paupere.

She affirmed that the innkeeper had sold that man to her; the opposing lord denied it and, to prove the truth of the matter, gave the money to Cafra so that she might buy the wine again from the same man. Then she, confessing the miracle that had occurred in the affair, and some others to whom this became known, were converted to the faith. Another miracle is related concerning a lame man and a paralytic together, a poor man.

Hic notus ibidem Bazaini ob pauperiem etmorbum, fame quodam die necatus²⁵ ad vesperam perrexit usque adecclesiae valvas. Ecce vero media nocte portae aperiuntur, intrat illacrimanset a Virgine, de qua tanta audierat miracula, postulat cibum se nil comedisseusque modo et mori fame, si non succurrat. Tum Virgo allocuta filium promendico obsecrat, succurrere velit famescenti.

Here a man known there as Bazainus, on account of poverty and disease, having been stricken by a certain hunger one day, toward evening went as far as the doors of the church²⁵. Behold, at midnight the gates are opened; she enters weeping, and to the Virgin, of whom she had heard so many miracles, she begs food, saying that she had eaten nothing up to that point and would die of hunger if no succour were given. Then the Virgin, having spoken, beseeches her Son on behalf of the beggar, that he will be willing to succour the famishing.

Puer Iesus extensa benedicta suamanu porrigit cibum voce propria compellando "accede huc et accipe". "Domine",inquit pauper, "ad accipiendum ire non possum, cum pedibus sum claudus". "Erigete, ut potes", subinfert Christus; ille reptando manum sinistram exporrigit."Non istam", Christus replicat, "sed dexteram exporrige". "Non possum, Domine"- "Conare", respondit Dei filius. Fecit et una cibum ac sanitatem integramaccipit et cum maximo gaudio evidenti miraculo commotus recepit fidem. Hicetiam Mozambici tres idololatrae, cum nescio quis ipso die conceptionisimmaculatae²⁶ franciscanorum ecclesiam ludum fortunae instituissetad convocandam plebem (cartae in urnam ponuntur aliquae scriptae interinfinitas non scriptas.

The boy Jesus, with his blessed hand outstretched, offers food with his own voice calling "accede huc et accipe." "Domine," says the poor man, "I cannot go to receive, since I am lame of foot." "Rise up, as you can," Christ bids; he, crawling, stretches forth his left hand. "Not that one," Christ replies, "but stretch forth the right." "I cannot, Lord" — "Try," answered the Son of God. He tried, and at once both food and whole health he receives, and moved by the evident miracle he received faith with the greatest joy. Here too three idolaters of Mozambique, when— I know not who—on that very day of the Immaculate Conception²⁶ had established in the Franciscans' church a game of chance to summon the people (some written slips are placed into an urn among infinite unwritten ones.

Sorte eximunt eas illi, qui emunt vices eximendi).Tres, inquam, illi emerunt tres vices eximendarum cartarum promittendo BeataeVirgini Bazaini certam eleemosynam, si forte fortuna aliquid boni obtingeret.Ecce vero uni in carta patina argentea, aliis anuli aurei obtigere, quae omniadata.

They draw them by lot, those who buy the turns of exemption. Three, I say, of them bought three turns of the papers to be exempted by promising a certain alms to the Blessed Virgin Bazain, in case fortune might by chance grant some good. Behold, indeed, to one in a writ a silver dish befell, to others golden rings were allotted, all of which were given.

Mulieres Lusitanae ad festivitates sacras non eunt nisi noctu comitante magnanigrarum caterva, ignem secum deferunt et dum intrant ecclesias aut exeuntincensum ad reverentiam ecclesiae accendunt. Aegri Christiani mittunt aquam adabluendum calicem in quo consecratus fuerat sanguis Christi missa finita, etaliqui, postquam illam ebiberint, febribus liberantur. Festum durat a primisvesperis usque ad meridiem, neque cantantur [Vesperae]²⁷ Vesperae,neque ecclesiae adeuntur ab hominibus.

Lusitanian women do not go to sacred festivities except by night accompanied by a throng of great black women, they carry fire with them and, while they enter churches or go out, they light incense for the reverence of the church. Sick Christians send water to wash the chalice in which the blood of Christ had been consecrated after Mass was finished, and some, after they have drunk that, are freed from fevers. The feast lasts from first vespers until midday, nor are [Vesperae]²⁷ Vespers sung, nor are churches approached by men.

In nulla missa cantata cantaturPraefatio, quando autem Pax Domini sacerdos dicit in missa diaconus amplectiturambobus manibus sacerdotem et deinde subdiaconum. Sunt Mozambici patressocietatis tres, qui et hospitalis curam gerunt. Exstant parietes antiquihospitalis in quo olim sanctus Franciscus Xaverius²⁸ inserviebataegris.

In no sung Mass is the Preface sung; when, however, the priest says Pax Domini in Mass, the deacon embraces the priest with both hands and then the subdeacon. There are three Mozambican fathers of the Society, who also bear the care of the hospital. The walls of the ancient hospital still stand in which once Saint Francis Xavier²⁸ served the sick.

Nostri confessiones excipiunt et catechismo erudiunt homines, scholamunam habent in qua docent pueros Lusitanorum. Quartus pater Cabessera adalteram partem maris regit duas ecclesias, Cafres baptizat, confessionesexcipit et alia sacramenta administrat. Subinde festis diebus bis celebrat, sedpopulus ibi est exiguus propter metum ferarum.

Our men hear confessions and instruct people in the catechism; they have one school in which they teach the boys of the Lusitanians. The fourth father, Cabessera, rules two churches on the other side of the sea, baptizes Cafres, hears confessions, and administers other sacraments. At times on feast days he celebrates twice, but the people there are few because of fear of wild beasts.

Intellexi Cafres maleficos, an sint veri divinatores sic probare. Accipiuntaliquot telas versi coloris et unam atque aliam abscondunt in silvis ad certasarbores, reliquos secum deferunt. Invento malefico solitam salutationemexhibent et nihil amplius loquuntur, tum maleficus, si talis est instructus adiabolo dicit eum venisse ad faciendum sui periculum, tulisse pannos tantos ettantos abscondisse in silvis sub hac et illa arbore, tantos sibi velle dare.Fatetur Cafer veritatem, manibus applaudit et exponit causam sui adventuspostulatque ut de [eodem]²⁹ negotio divinat.

I understood that the Cafres thus test whether the malefici are witches or true diviners. They take several cloths of various color and hide one and another in the woods at certain trees, carrying the rest with them. When the maleficus is found they display the customary salutation and say nothing further; then the maleficus, if thus instructed by the devil, says that he came to do him harm, that he took so many and so many cloths and hid them in the woods under this and that tree, that he wished to give so many to him. The Cafer confesses the truth, claps his hands and explains the reason for his coming and begs that concerning the [eodem]²⁹ matter he be divined.

Eidem Cafres a propriisdominis mittuntur cum certo auri pondere, quod pastam vocant, quae aliquandocontinet 30000 crusatorum. Accipit aliquando decem huiusmodi pastas et petit adomino telas depictas, pro iis enim victualia commutat. Has si negat dominus,recusat iter.

The same Cafres are sent by their own masters with a certain weight of gold, which they call a pasta, which at times contains 30,000 crusators. He sometimes takes ten such pastas and asks the master for painted cloths, for he exchanges them for victuals. If the master denies these, he refuses the journey.

Sunt vero adeo fideles, ut nihil de commissis furentur, verumredditis litteris si de auro dominus, ad quem directum, non percontatur, aut sinon de tanto percontatur, quantum missum, referunt illud domino suointegerrime. Feminae piscantur linteis loco retium.

They are indeed so faithful that they steal nothing of what is entrusted to them; but when letters are returned, if concerning the gold the master to whom it is directed is not asked, or if otherwise he is asked how much was sent, they report that to their master most faithfully. Women fish with linen cloths in place of nets.

Notes:

Animadversiones ad Cafrariam

Observations on Cafraria

A - litterae patris Boym manu scriptae

A - the letters of Father Boym written by hand

K - translatio Polonica patris Krzyszkowski

K - Polish translation of Father Krzyszkowski

1 Post vocem Cafraria lacuna invenitur, quae duas vel tres litteras contineripotest.

1 After the word Cafraria a lacuna is found, which can contain two or three letters.

2 Si Cafres telis se velant, minime nudi sunt, quod autem verba "sine pilleis"sequuntur, vox nudorum ad nuda capita pertinere videtur. Inde vocabulum"capitibus" conieci, quod A om.

2 If the Cafres cloak themselves with spears, they are by no means naked; but since the words "sine pilleis" follow, the phrase "of the naked" seems to refer to bare heads. Hence I conjectured the word "capitibus", which A omits.

3 "quamquam multi Deus novit, quomodo comparantur" - hic pater Boym Polonusexhibitus est sententia directe ex lingua Polonica exempta. Id est: "quamquam,quod ad multos pertinet, unus Deus novit, quomodo comparentur".

3 "quamquam multi Deus novit, quomodo comparantur" - here Father Boym, a Pole, is presented; the sentence is taken directly from the Polish tongue. That is: "although, as to many, one God knows how they are compared."

4 "capitibus", "capiti" A, quod abbreviaturam false scriptam intelligo.

4 "capitibus", "capiti" A, which I understand to be a falsely written abbreviation.

5 "tostum" A, "totum" K.

5 "tostum" in A, "totum" in K.

6 "Maravius" dub.

6 "Maravius" doubtful.

7 "alligant" dub.

7 "alligant" doubtful.

8 "nomen radicis mitambo" A in marg.

8 "the name of the root mitambo" A in marg.

9 "sed" abbr., ita passim

9 '"sed" abbreviated, thus throughout'

10 "proposside" sign. dub.

10 "proposside" — doubtful sign.

11 "leveae" A, non intelligo

11 "leveae" A, I do not understand

12 "sura" dub.

12 "sura" doubtful.

13 "patres", abbr. "pres" in A, quod K "tres" legit.

13 "patres", abbr. "pres" in A, which K reads "tres".

14 "quattuor quattuor" A

14 "four four" A

15 "esse" A, "nt" margine abscisum

15 "esse" A, "nt" cut off at the margin

16 "his" A, "ce" margine abscisum

16 "his" A, "ce" cut off at the margin

17 "ar" A, "at" margine abscisum

17 "ar" in A, "at" cut off at the margin

18 "cio>=na", vocabulum Polonum.

18 "cio>=na", a word of the Poles.

19 "acubus" A, "arcubus" K

19 "acubus" in A, "arcubus" in K

20 "clavem clavem" A, vox prior abbr.

20 "clavem clavem" A, the prior word abbreviated.

21 "ista" dub., fort. vox Lusitanica

21 "ista" doubtful, perhaps a Lusitanian word

22 "Cacizes" A, non intelligo

22 "Cacizes" A, I do not understand

24 "femineo" A, "s" margine abscisum

24 "femineo" A, "s" cut off at the margin

25 "vecatus" A, "necatus" conieci.

25 "vecatus" in A, I conjectured "necatus".

26 "immaculatae", abbr. "ae" in A

26 "immaculate", abbr. "ae" in A

27 "Vesperae Vesperae" A, vox prior abbr.

27 "Vesperae Vesperae" in A, the prior word abbreviated.

28 "Xaverius" dub. abbr. in A.

28 "Xaverius" doubtful, abbreviation in A.

29 "eodem" in ras.

29 "eodem" in the erasure.