Justin: HISTORIARVM PHILIPPICARVM T. POMPEII TROGI LIBRI XLIV IN EPITOMEN REDACTI
Justin•HISTORIARVM PHILIPPICARVM T. POMPEII TROGI LIBRI XLIV IN EPITOMEN REDACTI
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I. Antiocho in Parthia cum exercitu deleto frater eius Demetrius obsidione Parthorum liberatus ac restitutus in regnum, cum omnis Syria in luctu propter amissum exercitum esset,
1. with Antiochus in Parthia destroyed along with his army, his brother Demetrius, freed from the siege of the Parthians and restored to the kingdom, when all Syria was in mourning on account of the lost army,
3 Sed dum aliena adfectat, ut adsolet fieri, propria per defectionem Syriae amisit, siquidem Antiochenses primi duce Tryphone, execrantes superbiam regis, quae conversatione Parthicae crudelitatis intolerabilis facta erat, mox Apameni ceteraeque civitates exemplum secutae per absentiam regis a Demetrio defecere.
3 But while he was aiming at alien things, as is wont to happen, he lost his own through the defection of Syria; since indeed the Antiochenes first, with Tryphon as leader, execrating the king’s arrogance, which through conversance with Parthian cruelty had become intolerable, soon the Apameni and the other cities, following the example, defected from Demetrius through the king’s absence.
4 Ptolomeus quoque, rex Aegypti, bello ab eodem petitus, cum cognovisset Cleopatram, sororem suam, opibus Aegypti navibus inpositis ad filiam et Demetrium generum in Syriam profugisse, inmittit iuvenem quendam Aegyptium, Protarchi negotiatoris filium, qui regnum Syriae armis peteret.
4 Ptolemy also, king of Egypt, being assailed in war by that same man, when he had learned that Cleopatra, his sister, with the resources of Egypt loaded onto ships, had fled into Syria to her daughter and to Demetrius, his son-in-law, dispatches a certain young Egyptian, the son of Protarchus the merchant, to seek the kingdom of Syria by arms.
6 Interea corpus Antiochi interfecti a rege Parthorum in loculo argenteo ad sepulturam in Syriam remissum pervenit, quod cum ingenti studio civitatum et regis Alexandri ad confirmandam fabulae fidem excipitur. Quae res illi magnum favorem popularium conciliavit omnibus non fictas in eo, sed veras lacrimas existimantibus.
6 Meanwhile the body of Antiochus, slain by the king of the Parthians, having been sent back for sepulture to Syria, arrived in a silver coffin, and it is received with the immense zeal of the cities and of King Alexander, to confirm the credence of the fable. This matter conciliated for him great favor with the populace, as all considered that in him the tears were not feigned but true.
9 Alter ex filiis, Seleucus, quoniam sine matris auctoritate diadema sumpsisset, ab eadem interficitur; alter, cui propter nasi magnitudinem cognomen Grypos fuit, rex a matre hactenus constituitur, ut nomen regis penes filium, vis autem omnis imperii penes matrem esset.
9 One of the sons, Seleucus, since he had assumed the diadem without his mother’s authority, is slain by that same mother; the other, who because of the magnitude of his nose had the cognomen Grypos, is constituted king by his mother only to this extent: that the name of king be with the son, but the whole force of the imperium be in the mother’s hands.
II. Sed Alexander occupato Syriae regno, tumens successu rerum, spernere iam etiam ipsum Ptolomeum, a quo subornatus in regnum fuerat, superba insolentia coepit.
2. But Alexander, the kingdom of Syria having been occupied, swelling with the success of affairs, began now, in haughty insolence, even to spurn Ptolemy himself, by whom he had been suborned to the throne.
5 Fit deinde inter reges proelium, quo victus Alexander Antiochiam profugit. Ibi inops pecuniae, cum stipendia militibus deessent, in templo Iovis solidum ex auro signum Victoriae tolli iubet, facetis iocis sacrilegium circumscribens; nam Victoriam commodatam sibi ab Iove esse dicebat.
5 Then a battle takes place between the kings, in which Alexander, defeated, fled to Antioch. There, short of money, since the soldiers’ pay was lacking, he orders the solid-gold statue of Victory in the temple of Jupiter to be removed, circumscribing the sacrilege with witty jests; for he used to say that Victory had been lent to him by Jupiter.
6 Interiectis deinde diebus, cum ipsius Iovis aureum simulacrum infiniti ponderis tacite evelli iussisset deprehensusque in sacrilegio concursu multitudinis esset in fugam versus, magna vi tempestatis oppressus ac desertus a suis a latronibus capitur; perductus ad Grypum interficitur.
6 Then, after days had been interposed, when he had ordered the golden simulacrum of Jupiter himself, of infinite weight, to be secretly pried out, and, caught in the sacrilege, had been turned to flight by the concourse of the multitude, overwhelmed by the great force of a tempest and deserted by his own men, he is captured by bandits; conducted to Grypus, he is put to death.
7 Grypos porro recuperato patrio regno externisque periculis liberatus insidiis matris adpetitur. Quae cum cupiditate dominationis prodito marito Demetrio et altero filio interfecto huius quoque victoria inferiorem dignitatem suam factam doleret, venienti ab exercitatione poculum veneni obtulit.
7 Grypus, furthermore, with the paternal kingdom recovered and freed from external dangers, is assailed by the plots of his mother. She, from a lust for domination, having betrayed her husband Demetrius and with her other son slain, grieving that by this one’s victory her own dignity had likewise been made inferior, offered to him, as he was coming from exercise, a cup of poison.
8 Sed Grypos praedictis iam ante insidiis, veluti pietate cum matre certaret, bibere ipsam iubet; abnuenti instat; postremum prolato indice eam arguit, solam defensionem sceleris superesse adfirmans, si bibat, quod filio obtulit. Sic victa regina scelere in se verso veneno, quod alii paraverat, extinguitur.
8 But Grypos, already forewarned of the aforesaid plots, as though he would contend with his mother in piety, orders her to drink it; when she refuses, he presses her; at last, with the informer produced, he accuses her, affirming that the sole defense of the crime remains, if she drink what she offered to her son. Thus the queen, conquered, with the crime turned back upon herself, is extinguished by the poison which she had prepared for another.
III. Inter has regni Syriae parricidales discordias moritur rex Aegypti Ptolomeus, regno Aegypti uxori et alteri ex filiis quem illa legisset relicto; videlicet quasi quietior Aegypti status quam Syriae regnum esset, cum mater altero ex filiis electo alterum hostem esset habitura.
3. Amid these parricidal discords of the kingdom of Syria, the king of Egypt, Ptolemy, dies, the kingdom of Egypt left to his wife and to whichever of his sons she should choose; namely, as though the status of Egypt were quieter than the kingdom of Syria, since, with one of the sons chosen, the mother was going to have the other as an enemy.
2 Igitur cum pronior in minorem filium esset, a populo conpellitur maiorem eligere. Cui prius quam regnum daret, uxorem ademit conpulsumque repudiare carissimam sibi sororem Cleopatram minorem sororem Selenen ducere iubet, non materno inter filias iudicio, cum alteri maritum eriperet, alteri daret.
2 Therefore, since she was more inclined toward the younger son, she is compelled by the people to choose the elder. To whom, before she would give the kingdom, she took away his wife and, forcing him, orders him to repudiate his dearest sister Cleopatra and to take to wife the younger sister Selene—not by a maternal judgment between her daughters, since she was snatching a husband from one and giving him to the other.
5 Tunc Antiochiam Grypos, in qua erat Cyziceni uxor Cleopatra, obsidere coepit, qua capta Tryphaena, uxor Grypi, nihil antiquius quam sororem Cleopatram requiri iussit, non ut captivae opem ferret, sed ne effugere captivitatis mala posset, quae sui aemulatione in hoc potissimum regnum invaserit hostique sororis nubendo hostem se eius effecerit.
5 Then Grypus began to besiege Antioch, in which was Cleopatra, the wife of Cyzicenus; when it was captured, Tryphaena, the wife of Grypus, ordered that nothing take precedence over having her sister Cleopatra sought out, not to bring aid to the captive, but lest she might escape the evils of captivity—she who, out of rivalry toward herself, had above all invaded this kingdom, and by wedding her sister’s enemy had made herself that sister’s enemy.
7 Contra Grypos orare, ne tam foedum facinus facere cogatur. A nullo umquam maiorum suorum inter tot domestica, tot externa bella post victoriam in feminas saevitum, quas sexus ipse et periculis bellorum et saevitiae victorum eximat;
7 On the other hand they beseech Grypus not to be compelled to commit so foul a crime. By none of his forefathers, amid so many domestic and so many external wars, was there ever, after victory, cruelty wreaked upon women, whom sex itself exempts both from the perils of wars and from the savagery of victors;
9 His tot necessitudinibus sanguinis adicit superstitionem templi, quo abdita profugerit, tantoque religiosius colendos sibi deos, quo magis his propitiis ac faventibus vicisset; tum neque occisa illa virium se quicquam Cyziceno dempturum, nec servaturum reddita.
9 To these so many blood-relationships he adds the reverence of the temple, into which, concealed, she has fled, and that the gods ought to be worshipped by him all the more religiously, the more he had conquered with these same gods propitious and favoring; then that, with her slain, he would take away nothing of strength from the Cyzicene, nor would he preserve it by restoring her.
IV. At in Aegypto Cleopatra cum gravaretur socio regni, filio Ptolomeo, populum in eum incitat, abductaque ei Selene uxore eo indignius, quod ex Selene iam duos filios habebat, exulare cogit, arcessito minore filio Alexandro et rege in locum fratris constituto.
4. But in Egypt Cleopatra, as she was burdened by her co-ruler, her son Ptolemy, incites the people against him, and, with his wife Selene abducted from him—so much the more unworthily, since from Selene he already had two sons—she compels him to go into exile, the younger son Alexander having been summoned and established as king in his brother’s place.
2 Nec filium regno expulisse contenta bello Cypri exulantem persequitur. Vnde pulso in terficit ducem exercitus sui, quod vivum eum e manibus emisisset, quamquam Ptolomeus verecundia materni belli, non viribus minor ab insula recessisset.
2 Not content with having expelled her son from the kingdom, she pursues the exile with war in Cyprus. There, when he had been repulsed, she kills the commander of her army, because he had let him slip alive from his hands, although Ptolemy had withdrawn from the island out of shame at a war against his mother, not as inferior in strength.
6 digna prorsus hac mortis infamia, quae et matrem toro expulit et duas filias viduas alterno fratrum matrimonio fecit et filio alteri in exilium acto bellum intulit, alteri erepto regno exitium per insidias machinata est.
6 altogether worthy of this infamy of death, who both drove her mother from the marriage-bed and made her two daughters widows by the alternating marriage of brothers and upon one son, driven into exile, brought war, for the other, the kingdom having been snatched away, she machinated destruction by treachery.
V. Sed nec Alexandro caedes tam nefanda inulta fuit. Nam ubi primum conpertum est scelere filii matrem interfectam, concursu populi in exilium agitur revocatoque Ptolomeo regnum redditur, qui neque cum matre bellum gerere voluisset, neque a fratre armis repetere, quod prior possedisset.
V. But neither was so nefarious a slaughter left unavenged for Alexander. For as soon as it was found out that the mother had been slain by the crime of the son, by the concourse of the people he is driven into exile, and, Ptolemy having been recalled, the kingdom is returned—he who had neither wished to wage war with his mother, nor to demand back by arms from his brother what he had previously possessed.