Theodosius: Liber XII

CTh.12.1.0. De decurionibus
CTh.12.2.0. De praebendo salario
CTh.12.3.0. De praediis et mancipiis curialium sine decreto non alienandis
CTh.12.4.0. De imponenda lucrativis descriptione
CTh.12.5.0. Quemadmodum munera civilia indicantur
CTh.12.6.0. De susceptoribus, praepositis et arcariis
CTh.12.7.0. De ponderatoribus et auri illatione
CTh.12.8.0. De auri publici prosecutoribus
CTh.12.9.0. De his, quae ex publica collatione illata sunt, non usurpandis
CTh.12.10.0. Ne praefectianus exactoris vel curiosi vel horreorum custodis fungatur officio
CTh.12.11.0. De curatoribus kalendarii et fideiussoribus eorum
CTh.12.12.0. De legatis et decretis legationum
CTh.12.13.0. De auro coronario.
CTh.12.14.0. De irenarchis
CTh.12.15.0. De centurionibus
CTh.12.16.0. De mancipibus
CTh.12.17.0. De his, qui numero liberorum vel paupertate excusationem meruerint
CTh.12.18.0. Si curialis relicta civitate rus habitare maluerit
CTh.12.19.0. De his, qui condicionem propriam reliquerunt

CTh.12.1.0. On decurions
CTh.12.2.0. On providing salary
CTh.12.3.0. On the estates and mancipia of curials not to be alienated without a decree
CTh.12.4.0. On imposing assessment upon lucrative acquisitions
CTh.12.5.0. How civil munera are proclaimed
CTh.12.6.0. On receivers, superintendents, and cashiers
CTh.12.7.0. On weighers and the bringing-in of gold
CTh.12.8.0. On the prosecutors of public gold
CTh.12.9.0. On not usurping those things which have been brought in from the public levy
CTh.12.10.0. That a praefectianus not perform the office of tax-collector or inspector or keeper of granaries
CTh.12.11.0. On the curators of the kalendarium and their sureties
CTh.12.12.0. On legates and the decrees of legations
CTh.12.13.0. On crown-gold.
CTh.12.14.0. On irenarchs
CTh.12.15.0. On centurions
CTh.12.16.0. On contractors
CTh.12.17.0. On those who by the number of children or by poverty have merited an excuse
CTh.12.18.0. If a curial, having left the city, has preferred to live in the countryside
CTh.12.19.0. On those who have abandoned their own condition

CTh.12.1.0. De decurionibus

CTh.12.1.0. On the decurions

CTh.12.1.1 [=brev.12.1.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad evagrium pf. p. nemo iudex civilium munerum vacationem cuiquam praestare curiali conetur, vel aliquem suo arbitrio de curia liberet. nam si quis fuerit eius modi infortunio depravatus, ut debeat sublevari, de eius nomine ad nostram scientiam referri oportet, ut certo temporis spatio civilium munerum ei vacatio porrigatur.

emperor constantine augustus to evagrius, praetorian prefect. let no judge attempt to grant to any curialis an exemption from civil duties, or release anyone from the curia at his own
discretion. for if anyone should have been impaired by misfortune of such a kind that he ought to be relieved, it must be reported in his name to our knowledge,
so that for a fixed span of time an exemption from civil duties may be extended to him.

pp. id. mart. constantino a. iii. et licinio iii.

posted on the ides of march, in the consulship of constantine augustus for the 3rd time and of licinius for the 3rd.

coss.

consuls.

interpretatio. nullus iudex vacationem indebitam tribuat curiali, nec eum de suo officio studeat liberare. nam si ita tenuis cuiuscumque* curialis et exhausta facultas est, ut ei publici oneris necessitas non credatur, ad principis iussit referri notitiam

interpretation. Let no judge grant an undue exemption to a curial, nor strive to free him from his own office. For if the means of any curial* are so slight and exhausted that the necessity of the public burden is not believed of him, it has been ordered that the matter be referred to the prince’s notice

CTh.12.1.2

Idem a. ad crispinum. quoniam dubitasti, utrum ex numero dierum an ex nominatione kalendarum computari duum mensum spatia debeant, forma publici iuris observanda est, quae manifeste declarat, quid pro dierum diversitate praeceperit comprehendi. dat.

the same augustus to crispinus. since you have doubted whether the spans of two months ought to be computed by the number of days or by the nomination of the kalends, the form of public law is to be observed, which manifestly declares what, with respect to the diversity of days, it has prescribed to be included. given.

kal. octob. constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss.

On the Kalends of October, in the consulship of Constantine Augustus for the 4th time and of Licinius for the 4th time.

(315 oct. 1).

CTh.12.1.3

Idem a. mecilio hilariano correctori lucaniae et brittiorum. universos decuriones volumus a tabellionum officiis temperare. nemo autem ad decurionatum vocatus excusare se poterit eo, quod fuerit tabellio, cum et huiusmodi homines, si sint idonei, vocari ad decurionatum oporteat.

Likewise, the Emperor, to Mecilius Hilarianus, Corrector of Lucania and of the Bruttii. We wish all decurions to refrain from the offices of tabellions. No one, however, called to the decurionate will be able to excuse himself on the ground that he has been a tabellion, since even men of this sort, if they are suitable, ought to be called to the decurionate.

lex enim, quae decuriones a tabellionum officiis voluit submovere, ad decurionatum tabelliones vocari non prohibet. dat. iii kal.

for the law, which wished to remove the decurions from the offices of the tabellions, does not forbid tabellions to be called to the decurionate. Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

feb. sabino et rufino conss. (316 ian.

feb. with Sabinus and Rufinus as consuls. (316 jan.

30).

CTh.12.1.4

Theodosian Code 12.1.4

Idem a. ad octavianum comitem hispaniarum. hi, qui honoris indebiti arripere insignia voluerunt, cum in consilium primates municipesque coguntur, adsistunt sedentibus his, quibus emeritis omnis honor iure meritoque debetur. ideoque sublimitas tua nullum omnino faciet praesidatus praerogativa laetari, nisi qui cunctos in patria gradus egressus per ordinem venerit, ita ut illi etiam, qui praesidatum ante tempus reportarunt, post expletos honores civicos honestamentis praestitis potiantur.

The same Augustus to Octavianus, count of the Spains. Those who have wished to seize the insignia of undue honor, when the leading men and municipals are gathered into a council, take their stand beside those who are seated, to whom, with service earned out, every honor is owed by right and by merit. And therefore Your Sublimity shall make absolutely no one rejoice in the prerogative of the presidency, unless he shall have come having passed through all the grades in his homeland in due order, so that those also who have carried off the presidency before the time, after the civic honors have been completed, may obtain the honorific distinctions once they have been bestowed.

proposita xiiii kal. feb. gallicano et basso conss.

published on the 14th day before the Kalends of February,
in the consulship of gallicanus and bassus.

(317 ian. 19).

(317 Jan. 19).

CTh.12.1.5

Theodosian Code 12.1.5

Idem a. ad bithynos. eos qui in palatio militarunt et eos quibus provinciae commissae sunt quique merito amplissimarum administrationum honorem perfectissimatus vel egregiatus adepti sunt, nec non et illos, qui decuriones vel principales constituti cuncta suae patriae munera impleverunt, frui oportet dignitate indulta. si vero decurio suffragio comparato perfectissimatus vel ducenae vel centenae vel egregiatus meruerit dignitatem declinare suam curiam cupiens, codicillis amissis suae condicioni reddatur, ut omnium honorum et munerum civilium discussione perfunctus iuxta legem municipalem aliquam praerogativam obtineat.

The same emperor to the Bithynians. Those who have done military service in the palace and those to whom provinces have been entrusted, and who by merit of the most ample administrations have obtained the honor of the Perfectissimate or the Egregiate, and likewise those who, appointed as Decurions or Principals, have fulfilled all the public duties of their native place, ought to enjoy the bestowed dignity. But if a Decurion, having obtained by suffrage the dignity of the Perfectissimate or of the Ducenary or Centenary, or of the Egregiate, should wish to decline his own curia, let him, with his codicils forfeited, be returned to his condition, so that, having undergone the scrutiny of all honors and civil burdens, he may obtain some prerogative according to the municipal law.

eum quoque, qui originis gratia vel incolatus vel ex possidendi condicione vocatur ad curiam, perfectissimatus suffragio impetrati dignitas non defendit, qua remota tradi eum curiae oportebit. dat. xii kal.

Him also, who by reason of origin, or of incolatus (residence), or from the condition of holding property is called to the curia, the dignity of a perfectissimatus obtained by suffrage does not defend; that being removed, it will be necessary to hand him over to the curia. Given on the 12 Kalends.

aug. gallicano et basso conss. (317 iul.

Aug. with gallicanus and bassus as consuls. (317 Jul.

21).

CTh.12.1.6

Theodosian Code 12.1.6

Idem a. patroclo. nulla praeditos dignitate ad sordida descendere conubia servularum etsi videtur indignum, minime tamen legibus prohibetur; sed neque conubium cum personis potest esse servilibus et ex huiusmodi contubernio servi nascuntur. praecipimus itaque, ne decuriones in gremia potentissimarum domorum libidine ducente confugiant.

The same, Augustus, to Patroclus. Although it seems unworthy for those endowed with no dignity to descend to sordid conubia with little slave-girls, it is by no means prohibited by the laws; but neither can there be conubium with servile persons, and from a contubernium of this sort slaves are born. We therefore command that the decurions not flee, with lust leading them, into the bosoms of the most powerful households.

si enim decurio clam actoribus atque procuratoribus nescientibus alienae fuerit servae coniunctus, et mulierem in metallum trudi per sententiam iudicis iubemus et ipsum decurionem in insulam deportari, bonis eius mobilibus et urbanis mancipiis confiscandis, praediis vero et rusticis mancipiis civitati, cuius curialis fuerat, mancipandis, si patria potestate fuerit liberatus nullosque habeat liberos vel parentes vel etiam propinquos, qui secundum legum ordinem ad eius successionem vocantur. quod si actores vel procuratores loci, in quo flagitium admissum est, fuerunt conscii vel compertum facinus prodere noluerunt, metallo eos convenit implicari. si vero dominus hoc fieri permisit vel postea cognitum celavit, si quidem in agro id factum est, fundus cum mancipiis et pecoribus ceterisque rebus, quae cultui rustico sustinentur, fisci viribus vindicetur; si vero in civitate id factum est, dimidiam bonorum omnium partem praecipimus confiscari, poenam augentes, quoniam intra domesticos parietes scelus admissum est, quod noluit mox cognitum publicare.

If indeed a decurion, with the agents and procurators unaware, has been secretly joined to another’s slave-woman, we order the woman to be thrust into the mines by sentence of the judge, and the decurion himself to be deported to an island, his movable goods and urban slaves to be confiscated, but his estates and rural slaves to be mancipated to the city of which he had been a curialis, provided he has been freed from patria potestas and has no children or parents or even relatives who are called to his succession according to the order of the laws. But if the agents or procurators of the place in which the disgrace was committed were aware or were unwilling to disclose the discovered crime, it is fitting that they be condemned to the mines. If, however, the master permitted this to be done or later, having learned of it, concealed it—if indeed it was done in the field, let the farm, with the slaves and herds and the other things which sustain rustic cultivation, be vindicated to the fisc’s authority; but if it was done in the city, we order one-half of all the goods to be confiscated, increasing the penalty, since the crime was committed within domestic walls, which he did not wish, once known, to make public.

igitur si legis latae die repperietur quisquam patrimonium suum alienasse atque in dominum servulae contulisse, ordini liceat diligenter inquirere, ut ita rei publicae civitatis quod de facultatibus supra dicti fuerit deminutum, in pecunia sarciatur. dat. kal.

Therefore, if on the day the law is passed anyone is found to have alienated his patrimony and transferred it to the master of the maidservant, let it be permitted to the Order to inquire diligently, so that in this way what from the resources of the aforesaid has been diminished be made good in money to the republic of the city. Given on the Kalends.

iul. aquileiae constantino a. v et licinio c. conss. (319 iul.

jul. at aquileia constantine a. 5 and licinius c., consuls. (319 jul.

1).

CTh.12.1.7

Theodosian Code 12.1.7

Idem a. ad edictum. filios decurionum, qui decem et octo annorum aetate vegetantur, per provinciam karthaginem muneribus civicis adgregari praecipimus. neque enim opperiendum est, ut solvantur familia et sacris explicentur, cum voluntates patrum praeiudicare non debeant utilitatibus civitatum.

The same, Augustus, to the edict. We order that the sons of the decurions, who are vigorous at 18 years of age, throughout the province of Carthage be aggregated to civic duties. For there must be no waiting until they are released from family authority and extricated from sacred rites, since the wills of fathers ought not to prejudice the interests of the cities.

proposita x kal. mart. constantino a. vi et constantio c. conss.

published on the 10th day before the Kalends of March, when Constantine Augustus for the 6th time and Constantius Caesar were consuls.

(320 febr. 20).

(320 Feb. 20).

CTh.12.1.8

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.8

Idem a. ad florentium. decuriones ad magistratum vel exactionem annonarum ante tres menses vel amplius nominari debent, ut, si querimonia eorum iusta videatur, sine impedimento in absolvendi locum alius subrogetur. dat.

The same Augustus to Florentius. The decurions ought to be named for a magistracy or for the exaction of the annona three months or more in advance, so that, if their complaint seems just, another may be substituted in the place of the one to be absolved without impediment. Given.

id. april. constantinopoli severo et rufino conss. (323 [?] apr.

on the Ides of April, at Constantinople, with Severus and Rufinus as consuls (323 [?] apr.

13).

CTh.12.1.9

Idem a. ad hilarianum proconsulem africae. si quis decurio vel propriae rei causa vel rei publicae cogatur nostrum adire comitatum, is non ante discedat quam insinuato iudici desiderio proficiscendi licentiam consequatur. quod si pro sua audacia parvi aliquis hanc fecerit iussionem, deportationis exitum sortiatur.

The same Augustus to Hilarianus, proconsul of Africa. If any decurion, either for the sake of his own affair or of the public affair, is compelled to approach our court, he is not to depart before, with his desire to set out having been notified to the judge, he obtains leave. But if, in his own audacity, anyone should make light of this order, let him incur the outcome of deportation.

proposita vii id. iul. karthagine crispo iii et constantino iii conss. (324 iul.

published on July 9 at Carthage, in the consulship of Crispus 3 and Constantine 3, consuls. (July 324.

9).

CTh.12.1.10

Idem a. ad maximum. quoniam diversis praestitimus, ut legionibus vel cohortibus deputentur vel militiae restituantur, quisquis huiusmodi beneficium proferat, requiratur, utrum ex genere decurionum sit vel ante nominatus ad curiam, ut, si quid tale probetur, curiae suae et civitati reddatur. quam formam circa omnes, qui iam dudum probati in militaribus officiis agunt vel restituti militiae sacramento muniuntur vel postea per suffragia probabuntur, observari conveniet.

the same augustus, to maximus. since we have granted to various persons that they be assigned to legions or cohorts, or be restored to military service, whoever brings forward such a benefit, let it be inquired whether he is from the order of the decurions or previously nominated to the curia, so that, if anything of the sort be proved, he be returned to his own curia and city. which procedure it will be fitting to observe with respect to all who long ago, having been approved, serve in military offices, or, having been restored, are secured by the sacrament of the military oath, or afterward will be approved by suffrages.

proposita v id iul. antiochiae paulino et iuliano conss. (325 iul.

posted on july 11 at antioch, paulinus and julianus consuls. (325 july.

11).

CTh.12.1.11

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.11

Idem a. ad constantium praefectum praetorio. quoniam relictis curiis nonnulli ad militiae praesidia confugiunt, omnes, qui nondum primipilo inveniuntur obnoxii, solutos militia ad eandem curiam reverti praecipimus: his solis in militia permansuris, qui pro loco atque ordine iam pastui adtinentur. dat.

The same Augustus to Constantius, Praetorian Prefect. Since, with the curiae abandoned, some are fleeing to the protections of military service, we order that all who are not yet found obligated to the primipilate, released from military service, return to the same curia: with only those to remain in the military who, according to their place and rank, are already attached to the ration. Given.

non. octob. paulino et iuliano conss.

the nones of october, under the consulship of paulinus and julianus.

(325 oct. 7).

(325 October 7).

CTh.12.1.12 [=brev.12.1.2]

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.12 [= Breviary 12.1.2]

Idem a. ad maximum vicarium orientis. si qui vel ex maiore vel ex minore civitate originem ducit, si eandem evitare studens ad alienam se civitatem incolatus occasione contulerit, et super hoc vel preces dare tentaverit vel qualibet fraude niti, ut originem propriae civitatis eludat, duarum civitatum decurionatus onera sustineat, in una voluntatis, in una originis gratia. pp. viii.

The same Augustus to Maximus, vicarius of the East. If anyone draws origin from either a greater or a lesser city, and, striving to avoid the same, has betaken himself to a foreign city under the occasion of residence, and beyond this either has attempted to give petitions or to rely on any fraud, so that he may elude the origin of his own city, let him sustain the burdens of the decurionate of two cities, in one by the grace of his will, in one by the grace of his origin. pp. 8.

kal. ian. paulino et iuliano coss.

on the kalends of january, paulinus and julian as consuls.

interpretatio. si quicumque* curialis de ea, in qua natus est, civitate ad aliam transire voluerit, condicionem* curiae debitam nullatenus possit evadere, nec si hoc ipsum mereri interposita supplicatione tentaverit, nec ullo argumento necessitates aut servitia civitatis suae pro eo, quod habitationem mutare voluit, possit evadere. nam quicumque* hoc fecerit et se in aliam civitatem transtulerit, hoc iubet, ut in utraque serviat civitate, id est in una pro condicione* nascendi et in alia pro habitandi voluntate deserviat

interpretation. if whoever* curial from that city in which he was born should wish to pass over to another, he can in no way escape the condition* of the curia that is owed, nor if he should attempt to merit this very thing by an interposed supplication, nor by any argument can he evade the necessities or services of his city on account of the fact that he wished to change his habitation. for whoever* has done this and has transferred himself into another city, it orders this: that he serve in both cities, that is, in one he is to serve on account of the condition* of birth and in the other on account of the will to dwell

CTh.12.1.13

Idem a. ad evagrium praefectum praetorio. quoniam curias desolari cognovimus his, qui per originem obnoxii sunt, militiam sibi per supplicationem poscentibus et ad legiones vel diversa officia currentibus, iubemus omnes curias admoneri, ut, quos intra xx stipendia in officiis deprehenderint vel originem defugisse vel spreta nominatione militiae se inseruisse, hos ad curiam retrahant et de cetero sciant esse servandum, ut qui derelicta curia militaverit, revocetur ad curiam, non solum si originalis sit, sed et si substantiam muneribus aptam possidens ad militiam confugerit vel beneficio nostro fuerit liberatus. dat.

The same emperor to Evagrius, Prefect of the Praetorium. Since we have learned that the curiae are being desolated by those who are bound by origin, as they request militia for themselves by supplication and run off to the legions or to diverse offices, we order all the curiae to be admonished, that those whom they shall have found within 20 stipends in the offices to have either fled their origin or, the nomination to service spurned, to have insinuated themselves there, these they shall draw back to the curia; and let them know that henceforth it is to be observed that whoever, the curia having been abandoned, has served in the militia, is to be recalled to the curia—not only if he is originalis, but also if, possessing substance apt for public munera, he has taken refuge in the militia or has been released by our beneficium. Given.

xvi kal. iun. constantino a. vii et constantio c. conss.

May 17, under the consuls Constantine Augustus for the 7th time and Constantius Caesar.

(326 mai. 17).

(326 May 17).

CTh.12.1.14

Idem a. ad praefectos praetorio. dudum lege promulgata sanxit nostra clementia, ut filii comitum et praesidum et rationalium magistrorumque privatae, qui tamen ex origine curialium descendunt, ordinibus necterentur. nunc praecipimus, ut, qui perfuncti muneribus idonei reperti sint iudicio clementiae nostrae accedere ad honores praecepti ad honestas promotiones perveniant, eos vero, quos nescit principalis auctoritas, .... iudicio praefecturae commisimus, uti eos, qui ex genere videntur esse curialium et minus apti iudicio principali, ordinibus propriis restituant, illos vero, quos iudicio nostro proveximus, intactos esse perficiant; ita tamen, ut heredes eorum curiis mancipentur.

The same Augustus to the Praetorian Prefects. Long since, by a promulgated law, our clemency sanctioned that the sons of counts and presidents and rationales and of the magisters of the Private, who nevertheless descend from curial origin, be bound to the orders. Now we command that those who, having performed the duties, are found suitable by the judgment of our clemency be allowed by precept to accede to honors and to arrive at honorable promotions; but those, whom the principal authority does not know, .... we have entrusted to the judgment of the prefecture, that they restore to their proper orders those who seem to be of the stock of the curials and less apt in the principal judgment, but bring it about that those whom by our judgment we have advanced remain untouched; nevertheless, on condition that their heirs be consigned to the curiae.

si quis sane decurio evertens fiscalia commoda, fugiens curiam ambitu ad senatum urbis inclytum pervenerit, minime admittatur. dat. viii kal.

If indeed any decurion, subverting fiscal advantages, fleeing the curia by ambitus, shall have reached the illustrious Senate of the City, he shall by no means be admitted. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

dec. constantino a. vii et constantio c. conss. (326

dec., when Constantine, Augustus, for the 7th time, and Constantius, Caesar, were consuls. (326

[353] nov. 24).

CTh.12.1.15

Theodosian Code 12.1.15

Idem a. ad annium tiberianum comitem. universis provinciarum rectoribus intimato nostram clementiam statuisse veteranorum filios curialibus muniis innectendos; ita ut et ii, qui perfectissimatus sibi honore blandiuntur, trusi in curiam necessariis officiis publicis inserviant. proposita xi kal.

The same Augustus to Annius Tiberianus, count. It having been intimated to all governors of the provinces that our clemency has determined that the sons of veterans are to be bound to curial munia; such that even those who flatter themselves with the honor of the rank of Perfectissimus, thrust into the curia, shall serve the necessary public offices.
posted on the 11th day before the kalends.

mai. karthagine constantio et maximo conss. (327 apr.

May. At Carthage, with Constantius and Maximus as consuls. (327 Apr.

21).

CTh.12.1.16

Theodosian Code 12.1.16

Idem a. si ad magistratum nominati aufugerint, requirantur et, si pertinaci animo latere potuerint, his ipsorum bona permittantur, qui praesenti tempore in locum eorum ad duumviratus munera vocabuntur, ita ut, si postea repperti fuerint, biennio integro onera duumviratus cogantur agnoscere. omnes enim, qui obsequia publicorum munerum declinare temptaverint, simili condicione teneri oportet. dat.

The same, Augustus: if those nominated to a magistracy have fled, let them be sought out, and, if with a stubborn mind they have been able to lie hidden, let their own goods be handed over to those who
at the present time will be called in their place to the duties of the duumvirate, on condition that, if afterwards they are found, for a full two years the burdens
of the duumvirate they be compelled to acknowledge. For all who have attempted to decline the services of public duties ought to be held by a similar condition
to be. Given.

iii kal. octob. serdicae constantino a. viii et constantio iiii conss.

29 september, at serdica, in the consulship of constantine augustus for the 8th time and constantius for the 4th, consuls.

(329 sept. 29).

(329 September 29).

CTh.12.1.17

Theodosian Code 12.1.17

Idem a. ad lucretium paternum. vacuatis rescriptis, per quae munerum civilium nonnullis est vacatio praestita, omnes civilibus necessitatibus adgregentur, ita ut nec consensu civium vel curiae praestita cuiquam immunitas valeat, sed omnes ad munerum societatem conveniantur. dat.

The same Augustus to Lucretius Paternus. the rescripts being vacated, through which exemption from civic munera was afforded to some, let all be adgregated to civil necessities, such that an immunity granted to anyone by the consent of the citizens or of the curia shall not be valid, but let all be convened to the fellowship of the munera. Given.

viii kal. nov. heracleae constantino a. viii et constantio iiii conss.

on the eighth day before the kalends of november, at heraclea, when constantine augustus was consul for the 8th time and constantius for the 4th, consuls.

(329 oct. 25).

CTh.12.1.18pr.

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.18 preface.

Idem a. ad viros clarissimos praefectos praetorio. post alia: ad senatum decurio non adspiret manentibus athuc his, qui eandem dignitatem consecuti sunt. (329

The same Augustus to the most illustrious men, the praetorian prefects. after other matters: let a decurion not aspire to the senate, with these still remaining who have attained the same dignity. (329

[353] nov. 25).

[353] Nov. 25).

CTh.12.1.18.1

Filios sane militarium iuxta prius praeceptum aut patris militiam adsequi volumus aut, si detrectaverint militare et xxxv annos impleverint, curiis mancipari. dat. vii kal.

We wish, indeed, that the sons of military men, in accordance with the prior precept, either take up the father’s military service or, if they have refused to serve and have completed 35 years, be mancipated to the curiae. Given on the 7th before the Kalends.

dec. constantino a. viii et constantio iiii conss. (329

dec. Constantine, Augustus, for the 8th time, and Constantius, for the 4th time, consuls (329

[353] nov. 25).

[353] Nov. 25).

CTh.12.1.19 [=brev.12.1.3]

Theodosian Code12.1.19 [=breviary12.1.3]

Idem a. ad evagrium pf. p. quoniam nonnulli diversarum civitatum curiales intemperanter minores, quibus publica tutela debetur, ad curiae consortium devocarunt, ut septem vel octo annorum constitutos nonnullos nominasse firmentur, decernimus, ut omnino nullus in curiam nominationibus devocetur, nec functionum obsequia subire cogatur, nisi qui decimum et octavum annum aetatis fuerit ingressus. quod et in futurum arceri volumus, et eos eximi, qui infra eius aetatis terminos constituti iam nominati sunt, curialibus et vinculis absolvantur. quum enim decimum et octavum annum aetatis intraverint, si militiae nomen inserere iuxta legem datam non potuerint vel supersederint, municipali poterunt dari obsequio.

The same emperor to Evagrius, praetorian prefect. Since some curials of diverse cities have intemperately summoned minors, to whom public tutelage is owed, into the consortium of the curia, so that they are asserted to have nominated some constituted at seven or eight years of age, we decree that absolutely no one be called into the curia by nominations, nor be compelled to undergo the services of functions, unless he shall have entered the eighteenth year of age. We wish both that this be warded off for the future, and that those be exempted who, established below the limits of that age, have already been nominated, let them be released from curial bonds. For when they have entered the eighteenth year of age, if they have not been able to insert their name for the militia in accordance with the law given, or have refrained, they can be assigned to municipal service.

dat. prid. non aug.

dated the day before the Nones of August.

basso et ablavio coss.

Bassus and Ablavius, consuls.

interpretatio. minores decem et octo annorum aetate curiales nec nominari a quibuscumque* nec ad servitia applicari debere: quia hoc lex sufficere credit, ut a decem et octo annis necessitati publicae, si necesse fuerit, applicentur, ita ut, si qui infra hanc aetatem ante nominati iam fuerint, absolvantur

interpretation. curials under eighteen years of age ought neither to be nominated by whosoever* nor to be applied to services: because this the law deems sufficient, that from eighteen years they be assigned to public necessity, if need shall arise, so that, if any below this age have already been nominated beforehand, they be absolved

CTh.12.1.20 [=brev.12.1.4]

Idem a. ad evagrium pf. p. nullus decurionum ad procurationes vel curas civitatum accedat, nisi omnibus omnino muneribus satisfecerit patriae vel aetate vel meritis. qui vero per suffragium ad hoc pervenerit administrare desiderans, non modo ab expetito officio repellatur, sed epistola quoque vel codicilli ab eo protinus auferantur, et ad comitatum destinentur. dat.

The same Augustus to Evagrius, praetorian prefect: let none of the decurions accede to the procurations or the cares of the cities, unless he has in every way satisfied all public munera to his fatherland, whether by age or by merits. But whoever has reached this through suffrage, desiring to administer, not only let him be repelled from the sought office, but let the epistle or the codicils also be taken from him at once, and let him be dispatched to the imperial comitatus. Given.

prid. id. aug. basso et ablavio coss.

the day before the Ides of August, when Bassus and Ablavius were consuls.

interpretatio. ista lex hoc praecipit, nullum curialem, nisi omnibus curiae officiis per ordinem actis, aut curatoris aut defensoris officium debere suscipere, nisi omnibus, ut dictum est, ante muneribus satisfecerit, quae patriae ordine debentur. nam si praefatus contra hanc praeceptionem quolibet suffragio aut sub quocumque* obtentu honoris se munire voluerit, et obtentis careat et, ubi rerum domini fuerint, dirigatur

interpretation. this law prescribes this: that no curial, unless all the curia’s offices have been performed in order, ought to undertake the office either of curator or of defensor, unless, as has been said, he shall first have satisfied all the duties which are owed to the fatherland in order. for if the aforesaid, against this precept, should wish to arm himself by any suffrage or under whatever* pretext of honor, let him both be deprived of what has been obtained and, where the lords of affairs shall be, let him be directed

CTh.12.1.21

Idem a. ad felicem praefectum praetorio. quoniam afri curiales conquesti sunt quosdam in suo corpore post flamonii honorem et sacerdotii vel magistratus decursa insignia praepositos compelli fieri mansionum, quod in singulis curiis sequentis meriti et gradus homines implere consuerunt, iubemus nullum praedictis honoribus splendentem ad memoratum cogi obsequium, ne nostro fieri iudicio iniuria videatur. dat.

the same a. to felix, praetorian prefect. since the african curiales have complained that certain men in their body, after the honor of the flaminate and the insignia of the sacerdotal office or the magistracy have been run through, are compelled to be made overseers of the mansiones, which men of the following merit and grade have been accustomed to fulfill in each curia, we order that no one shining with the aforesaid honors be forced to the aforesaid service, lest an injury may seem to be done by our judgment. given.

prid. non. aug.

the day before the Nones of August.

viminacio constantio et albino conss. (335 aug. 4).

Viminacium, under Constantius and Albinus, consuls (335 Aug. 4).

CTh.12.1.22

Theodosian Code 12.1.22

Idem a. ad evagrium praefectum praetorio. cum decuriones decurionumque filii deque his geniti ad diversas militias confugiant, iubemus eos in quibuscumque officiis militantes exemptos militia restitui curiae exceptis his, qui in palatii nostri iam habentur officiis. dat.

The same Augustus to Evagrius, Praetorian Prefect. Since the decurions and the sons of decurions, and those born from them, take refuge in various militias, we order that those serving in whatever offices, being exempted from militia, be restored to the curia, except for those who are already held in the offices of our palace. Given.

xi kal. sept. constantinopoli nepotiano et facundo conss.

11 days before the Kalends of September, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Nepotianus and Facundus.

(336 aug. 22).

CTh.12.1.23

Theodosian Code 12.1.23

Imp. constantius a. ad iulianum. quamvis eos, qui tertio edicto vocati minime respondere voluerunt, legum severitas obnoxios faciat coetibus curiarum, tamen humaniorem placuit sequi viam et eos admonere edicto, ut intra xxx dies sui praesentiam faciant.

Emperor Constantius Augustus to Julian. Although the severity of the laws renders liable to the assemblies of the curiae those who, summoned by the third edict, were least willing to respond, nevertheless it has pleased us to follow a more humane way and to admonish them by an edict, that within 30 days they make their appearance.

quod si intra hoc tempus neglexerint vel sui praesentiam facere vel defensorem ad iudicia mittere, qui absentiae eorum iustas allegationes deponat, sententia super his lata sine aliquo cunctamine convalescat. dat. v id. octob.

but if within
this time they neglect either to make their presence or to send a defender to the courts, who may set forth just allegations of their absence,
let the sentence rendered concerning these matters become valid without any delay whatsoever. Given on October 11.

antiochiae urso et polemio conss. (338 oct. 11).

at antioch, ursus and polemius, consuls (338 oct. 11).

CTh.12.1.24

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.24

Idem a. aconio catullino vicario africae. quicumque fugientes obsequia curiarum affectaverint adumbratae nomina dignitatis, etsi eos spes falsi honoris illuserit, xxx argenti libras inferre congantur. acc.

the same augustus to aconius catullinus, vicarius of africa. whoever, fleeing the services of the curiae, shall have affected the names of an adumbrated dignity, even if the hope of a false honor has deluded them,
let them be compelled to pay 30 pounds of silver. received.

karthagine prid. id. dec. urso et polemio conss.

at Carthage, on the day before the Ides of December, in the consulship of Ursus and Polemius.

(338 dec. 12).

CTh.12.1.25

Theodosian Code 12.1.25

Idem a. quoniam emptae dignitatis obtentu curias vacuefactas esse non dubium est, placuit, ut cuncti, qui suffragiis dignitatum insignia consecuti sunt, inmeriti honoris splendore privati civilium munerum sollemnitate fungantur. eorum sane intemeratas inconcussasque dignitates volumus permanere, qui vel iudicio provinciarum in officium legationis electi sunt vel honestis testimoniis adminiculis enitentes talium dignitatum privilegia insigniaque meruerunt. dat.

The same Augustus, since it is not doubtful that, under the pretext of purchased dignity, the curiae have been emptied, has decreed that all who have obtained the insignia of dignities by suffrages, stripped of the splendor of an unmerited honor, shall discharge the solemnity of civic munera. Indeed, we wish the dignities of those to remain inviolate and unshaken who either by the judgment of the provinces have been elected into the office of legation, or, standing out by honorable testimonies and supports, have deserved the privileges and insignia of such dignities. Given.

v kal. nov. emesa urso et polemio conss.

October 28, at Emesa, in the consulship of Urso and Polemius.

(338 oct. 28).

(338 Oct. 28).

CTh.12.1.26

Theodosian Code 12.1.26

Impp. constantius et constans aa. ad catullinum vicarium africae. cunctos ex comitibus cuiuslibet ordinis et ex praesidibus et rationalibus et magistris studiorum, denique ex perfectissimis honorarios vel affectus eorum ad civica onera constringes, si quidem rectius patriae vel honoribus vel magistratibus expendere debuissent, quaecumque ab his foedantibus honores consumpta sunt.

the emperors constantius and constans, augusti, to catullinus, vicarius of africa. you will bind all, from the counts of whatever order and from the presidents (praesides) and the rationales and the masters of studies, and finally from the perfectissimi—the honoraries or their adherents—to civic burdens, if indeed they ought more rightly to have expended for the fatherland, either by honors or by magistracies, whatever has been consumed by these men fouling the honors.

dat. kal. nov.

given on the kalends of november.

urso et polemio conss. (338 nov. 1).

Ursus and Polemius, consuls (338 Nov. 1).

CTh.12.1.27

Theodosian Code 12.1.27

Idem aa. have celsine karissime nobis. rarum karthaginis splendidissimae senatum et exiguos admodum curiales residere conquestus es, dum universi indebitae dignitatis infulas foeda familiaris rei vexatione mercantur. igitur istiusmodi viri demptis honoribus imaginariis, cuiuscemodi illi erunt quos fuerant consecuti, civicis muneribus subiugentur.

The same Emperors. Hail, Celsinus, most dear to us. You have complained that the senate of most splendid Carthage is scant, and that the curiales who remain are very few,
while all purchase the fillets of an unowed dignity by the foul vexation of their family estate. Therefore, men of that sort, the imaginary honors removed,
whatever sort those will be which they had obtained, let them be yoked to civic duties.

quod quidem per omnem africam sollertissime servari oportet. dat. vi id. ian.

which indeed ought to be most skillfully observed throughout all africa.
given on january 8.

treviris constantio ii et constante aa. conss. (339 ian. 8).

at trier, under constantius 2 and constans, augusti, consuls. (339 jan. 8).

CTh.12.1.28

Theodosian Code 12.1.28

Idem aa. ad anatolium vicarium asiae. constitutionibus perspicue definitum est kalendis martiis nominationes fieri, ut splendidorum honorum munerumque principia primo tempore procurentur. et cetera.

The same Emperors to Anatolius, Vicar of Asia. By the constitutions it has been clearly defined that nominations are to be made on the Kalends of March, so that the beginnings of splendid honors and duties may be procured at the earliest time. And so forth.

dat. vi kal. dec.

Dated on the 6th day before the Kalends of December, i.e., on November 26.

constantio ii et constante aa. conss. (339 nov. 26).

Constantius 2 and Constans, Augusti, consuls. (339 Nov. 26).

CTh.12.1.29

Idem aa. ordini civitatis constantinae cirtensium. magistratus desertores ad eam gravitas tua faciat necessitatem condicionis urgeri, ut, quascumque pro his expensas civitas prorogavit, refundere protinus ac repraesentare cogantur, et deinceps tenaciter observabit, ne qui derelicta curia in ordinem veniant senatorium, priusquam cunctas functiones civicis honoribus pensitaverint. dat.

The same Augusti. To the order of the city of Constantina of the Cirtenses. Let your gravitas cause the deserters from the magistracies to be pressed by such necessity of their condition, that,
whatever expenses the city has advanced on their behalf, they be compelled immediately to refund and to make good; and henceforth it shall be tenaciously observed, that no one
who has abandoned the curia come into the senatorial order before they have paid in full all functions corresponding to civic honors. Given.

xiiii kal. feb. naisso acindyno et proculo conss.

14th day before the Kalends of February, at Naissus
Acindynus and Proculus, consuls.

(340 ian. 19).

(340 Jan. 19).

CTh.12.1.30

Idem aa. nemesiano comiti. curiales omnium civitatum nullam pro re privata nostra debent inquietudinem sustinere nec huiusmodi oneribus veluti extraordinariis occupari, quoniam satis est, si civitatum munera per eos congrue compleantur. et cetera.

The same Augusti to the Count Nemesianus. The curials of all cities ought to endure no disturbance on account of our Res Privata,
nor be occupied with burdens of this sort as if extraordinary, since it is sufficient if the munera of the cities are duly completed through them. And the rest.

dat. prid. id. aug.

given on the day before the Ides of August.

bessae acindyno et proculo conss. (340 aug. 12).

Bessa, Acindynus, and Proculus, consuls. (August 12, 340).

CTh.12.1.31

Theodosian Code 12.1.31

Idem aa. ad catullinum praefectum praetorio. nullus omnino ex tabulariis vel scribis vel decurionibus eorumque filiis in quocumque officio militet, sed ex omnibus officiis, nec non et si intra nostrum palatium militent, necdum impleto quinquennio repperti et retracti protinus curiis officiisque municipalibus reddantur. dat.

The same Augusti to Catullinus, Praetorian Prefect. Let absolutely no one from the record-keepers or the scribes or the decurions and their sons serve in any office,
but from all offices, and indeed even if they serve within our palace, if found and brought back before the five-year term has been completed, let them at once be returned to the curiae and municipal offices.
Given.

viii kal. iul. lauriaco marcellino et probino conss.

june 24, at lauriacum, in the consulship of marcellinus and probinus.

(341 iun. 24).

(341 jun. 24).

CTh.12.1.32

Theodosian Code 12.1.32

Idem aa. ad hilarianum. militarium filios, qui gestandis armis idonei non esse dicuntur, curiis iam iamque tradi oportet. nam rei publicae incommodum est curias hominum paucitate languescere.

The same Emperors to hilarianus. The sons of soldiers, who are said not to be fit for bearing arms, ought forthwith to be handed over to the curiae. For it is a detriment to the res publica for the curiae to languish from a paucity of men.

dat. xvi kal. sept.

given on the 16th day before the Kalends of September.

marcellino et probino conss. (341 aug. 17).

in the consulship of marcellinus and probinus. (341 aug. 17).

CTh.12.1.33

Theodosian Code 12.1.33

Idem aa. rufino comiti orientis. quoniam sublimitas tua suggessit multos declinantes obsequia machinari, ut privilegia rei privatae nostrae colonatus iure sectantes curialium nominationes declinent, sancimus, ut, quicumque ultra xxv iugera privato dominio possidens ampliorem ex re privata nostra iugerationis modum cultura et sollicitudine propria gubernaverit, omni privilegiorum vel originis vel cuiuslibet excusationis alterius frustratione submota curiali consortio vindicetur. illo etiam curiae similiter deputando, qui minus quidem quam xxv iugerorum proprietatem habeat, ex rebus vero nostris vel parvum vel minorem iugerationis modum studio cultionis exercet.

The same Emperors to Rufinus, count of the East. Since your Sublimity has suggested that many, shirking services, machinate that, by following under the right of colonatus the privileges of our res privata, they decline the nominations of the curials, we sanction that whoever, possessing more than 25 iugera in private ownership, has governed from our res privata a larger measure of iugeration by his own cultivation and solicitude, with every pretext of privileges either of origin or of any other excuse removed, shall be claimed for the curial fellowship. Also by similarly deputing to the curia the man who indeed has less than 25 iugera of property, but from our estates exercises, by zeal of cultivation, either a small or an even lesser measure of iugeration.

ita ut omni fraude submota si qui venditione simulata praescriptas lege minuat facultates, omne, quod simulata venditione ad alium transtulit, fisci nostri viribus vindicetur. quam poenam illi etiam sustinebunt, qui captiosa supplicatione delata speciale rescriptum in fraudem sanctionis extorserint. dat.

thus
that, with all fraud removed, if anyone by a simulated sale should diminish the resources prescribed by the law, everything which by a simulated sale he has transferred to another shall be vindicated to our fisc by its powers. The same penalty shall also be endured by those who, by a captious petition having been submitted, shall have extorted a special rescript in fraud of the sanction. Given.

non. april. antiochiae constantio iii et constante ii aa. conss.

on the Nones of April, at Antioch, under the consulate of the Augusti Constantius 3 and Constans 2.

(342 apr. 5).

(342 April 5).

CTh.12.1.34

Theodosian Code 12.1.34

Idem aa. ad auxentium praesidem augustamnicae. eos, qui curialibus muneribus obnoxii honorariis dignitatibus gaudent, iuxta legem nostram remoto hoc patrocinio publicis utilitatibus oboedire ac satisfacere prudentia tua decernat. dat.

The same Emperors to Auxentius, governor of Augustamnica. Those who, liable to curial duties, enjoy honorary dignities, in accordance with our law
let your prudence decree that, this patronage being removed, they obey and satisfy the public needs. Given.

vi id. april antiochiae constantio iii et constante ii aa. conss. (342 apr. 8).

the 6th day before the Ides of April at Antioch, Constantius for the 3rd time and Constans for the 2nd, Augusti, consuls. (342 apr. 8).

CTh.12.1.35

Idem aa. leontio praefecto praetorio. iterata lege sancimus, ut veteranorum filii, si post sedecim annos militiae munus subire non possint vel armis gestandis habiles non existant, curiis mancipentur. dat.

The same augusti to Leontius, praetorian prefect. We sanction by a reiterated law that the sons of veterans, if after sixteen years they cannot undergo the duty of military service,
or are not fit for bearing arms, be handed over to the curiae. Given.

v kal. iul. hierapoli placido et romulo conss.

June 27, at Hierapolis, in the consulship of Placidus and Romulus.

(343 iun. 27).

(343 June 27).

CTh.12.1.36

Theodosian Code 12.1.36

Idem aa. ad titianum. universi omnino ex comitibus vel ex praesidibus, qui suffragio perceperint dignitates, civilibus oneribus muneribusque teneantur adstricti; plebeiam quoque sustineant capitationem, ne commoda publica cum umbratili suffragiorum pactione lacerentur. eos tamen a praedictis oneribus excipi oportebit, qui vel in administratione vel in legationibus publicis versati sunt, ita ut, si quis contra interdictum legis nostrae precationem obtulerit, eius patrimonium fisci nostri viribus protinus vindicetur.

The same Augusti to Titianus. All universally from among the counts or from among the presidents, who have obtained dignities by suffrage, are to be held bound to civil burdens
and munera; let them also sustain the plebeian capitation, lest the public advantages, with a shadowy bargain of suffrages,
be lacerated. Yet it will be proper that those be excepted from the aforesaid burdens who have been engaged either in administration or in public legations, with the proviso that, if
anyone, contrary to the interdict of our law, should offer a petition, his patrimony be forthwith vindicated to the power of our fisc.

dat. prid. kal.

dated the day before the Kalends.

iul. treviris placido et romulo conss. (343 iun.

Jul., at Trier, Placidus and Romulus, consuls. (343 Jun.

30).

CTh.12.1.37

The Theodosian Code 12.1.37

Idem aa. ad placidum praefectum praetorio. cautum est, ut, quicumque orti ex decurionibus sese ad militiam contulissent, in quibuscumque stipendiis deprehensi nulla absolvi praerogativa temporis possint, sed ordinibus quos reliquerant traderentur. hoc et in calcariensibus et fabricensibus et argentariis observetur, ut, quicumque obnoxii officiis vel muneribus civilibus ex supra dictis fabricis fuerint, curiae restituti nec impetrato rescripto liberentur.

The same Augusti to Placidus, Praetorian Prefect. It has been provided that whoever, sprung from the decurions, have betaken themselves to military service, being found in whatever stipends, can be absolved by no prerogative of time, but are to be handed over to the orders which they had left. Let this also be observed in the calcarienses and the fabrica-workers and the argentarii, that whoever shall have been liable to the offices or to civil munera from the above-said factories, having been restored to the curia, are not to be freed even with a rescript obtained.

dat. v kal. iunias leontio et sallustio conss.

Given on May 28, in the consulship of Leontius and Sallustius.

(344 mai. 28).

(344 May 28).

CTh.12.1.38

Theodosian Code 12.1.38

Idem aa. ad anatolium praefectum praetorio. quoniam nonnulli curiis derelictis domesticorum seu protectorum se consortio copularunt, scholari etiam quidam nomen dederunt militiae aut palatinis sunt officiis adgregati, cunctos iubemus omni frustratione submota ad curias revocari. ne tamen diuturnitatis ratio videatur esse neglecta, quicumque sub armis militiae munus comitatense subierunt, si necdum quinque stipendia compleverunt nec pro publica defensione proeliis adfuerunt, reddantur.

The same Augusti to Anatolius, Praetorian Prefect. Since some, with the curiae abandoned, have joined themselves to the fellowship of the Domestics or Protectors, certain men have even given their name to the Scholares’ militia or have been added to the palatine offices; we order all, with every subterfuge removed, to the curiae to be recalled. Nevertheless, lest the consideration of long duration seem to be neglected, whoever under arms have undertaken the Comitatensian duty of military service, if as yet they have not completed five stipends and have not been present in battles for the public defense, let them be returned.

qui vero palatini nominis praeferunt dignitatem, si curialem trahunt originem, infra tot annos militiae nudati praesidiis oppidaneis restituantur obsequiis. de qua re magistros equitum ac peditum et virum clarissimum comitem domesticorum, nec non etiam sacrarum largitionum comitem et magistrum officiorum et castrensem, sub quibus cuncti esse noscuntur, credidimus commonendos, ut tua insistente prudentia et scribente de nominibus singulorum unusquisque propriae condicioni reddatur. dat.

but those who bear the dignity of the Palatine name, if they draw curial origin, within so many years of service, being stripped of oppidan safeguards, are to be restored to the services. of which matter we have believed that the Masters of cavalry and of infantry and a most distinguished man, the Count of the Domestics, and also the Count of the Sacred Largesses and the Master of the Offices and the Castrensis, under whom all are known to be, should be reminded, so that, with your prudence insisting and with you writing concerning the names of each individual, each one may be restored to his proper condition. Given.

x kal. iun. caesenae constantio iiii et constante iii aa. conss.

23 may at caesena, in the consulship of constantius for the 4th time and constans for the 3rd, the augusti, consuls.

(346 mai. 23).

(346 May 23).

CTh.12.1.39

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.39

Idem aa. ad anatolium praefectum praetorio. in perpetuum observandum esse sancimus, ut citra iniuriam corporis, quod in servis etiam probrosum atque postremum est, cuncti primarii et curiales praecepta a iudicibus exequantur. frequenti ergo monitione atque hortatu tam primarios curiarum quam hos, qui magistratus gerunt atque gesserunt, sinceritas tua incitare debebit, ut promptius praecepta suscipiant omni corporalis contumeliae timore sublato.

The same emperors to Anatolius, Praetorian Prefect. We sanction that it is to be observed in perpetuity, that, without injury to the body—which even in slaves is disgraceful and most base—
all the primarii and curials shall carry out the precepts from the judges. Therefore, by frequent admonition and exhortation, both the primarii of the curiae and those who hold and have held magistracies, Your Sincerity ought to incite, so that they may more promptly accept the precepts,
with every fear of bodily contumely removed.

dat. kal. april.

Given on the Kalends of April.

antiochiae limenio et catullino conss. (349 [post a. 350?] apr. 1).

at Antioch, in the consulship of Limenius and Catullinus (349 [after A.D. 350?] apr. 1).

CTh.12.1.40

Idem a. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. curiales plerique ad inane vocabulum militiae cucurrerunt ac tanta arte rem gerunt, ut nec muniis militaribus obsequantur nec oneribus oppidaneis prosint. igitur universi nulla praerogativa de vocabulo dignitatis in militia conquisitae nulloque stipendiorum numero suffragante restituantur civitatibus.

The same Augustus, to Taurus, Prefect of the Praetorium. Most curials have run to the empty appellation of military service and manage the matter with such craft that they neither comply with military duties nor are of use for the municipal burdens. Therefore let all, with no prerogative from the title of a dignity in the militia that has been procured and with no number of stipends to support it, be restored to their municipalities.

dat. xii kal. aug.

Given on the 12th day before the Kalends of August.

ravennae constantio vi et constante ii aa. conss. (353 357 iul. 21).

at ravenna, when constantius for the 6th time and constans for the 2nd, the augusti, were consuls. (353 357 july 21).

CTh.12.1.41

Theodosian Code 12.1.41

Idem a. ordini carthaginiensium. ex comitibus et ex praesidibus universi ceterique, qui sine administratione adumbratarum dignitatum codicillos honorarios meruerint, si ex vestro eosdem numero fuisse claruerit, in vestro consortio perseverent, fungantur oneribus et honoribus universis, quos ratio municipalis exposcit, permanentibus dignitatum titulis, quas eisdem constat indultas. dat.

Likewise the Augustus to the order of the Carthaginians. All from among the Counts and from among the Governors, and the rest who, without the administration of adumbrated dignities,
have merited honorary codicils, if it becomes clear that these same men were of your number, let them persevere in your consortium; let them discharge all the burdens and
honors, which the municipal order requires, with the titles of the dignities remaining, which are agreed to have been bestowed upon the same. Given.

x kal. aug. constantio a. vi et constantio ii conss.

10 days before the Kalends of August, when Constantius, Augustus, for the 6th time, and Constantius for the 2nd time, were consuls.

(353 iul. 23).

(353 Jul. 23).

CTh.12.1.42pr.

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.42, preface.

Idem a. ordini caesenatium salutem dicit. si qui ex praesidibus vel perfectissimatus accessione cumulati esse noscuntur, manentibus dignitatibus, quas suffragio meruerunt, nihilo minus in sui ordinis consortio perseverent, fungantur officiis curialibus ac municipalium munerum cura partita vobiscum obsequio capiantur. (354 mai.

Likewise the Augustus says greeting to the order of the Caesennates. If any from among the presidents or those who are known to have been augmented by the accession of the perfectissimatus, with the dignities remaining which they have merited by suffrage, nonetheless let them persist in the fellowship of their own order, let them perform curial duties and, with the care of municipal burdens apportioned, let them be taken up along with you in service. (May 354

22).

CTh.12.1.42.1

Si quis autem clarissimae meruerit infulas dignitatis nec indulti muneris gratiam codicillorum allegatione percepit, impetratae fructum dignitatis amittat. (354 mai. 22).

If anyone, moreover, has merited the insignia of the most illustrious dignity and has not received the grace of the granted office by the allegation of codicils, let him forfeit the fruit of the dignity obtained. (May 22, 354).

CTh.12.1.42.2

Et cuncti, qui per officia diversa nomina dederunt militiae, si de curialium numero originem trahunt, soluti sacramentis vestris coetibus adgregentur. dat. xi kal.

And all who, through diverse offices, have given their names to the militia, if they draw their origin from the number of the curials, released from their oaths, let them be aggregated to your assemblies.
let them be aggregated. Given 11 days before the Kalends.

iun. mediolani constantio a. vii et constantio iii caes. conss.

june, at milan, in the consulship of constantius augustus for the 7th time and constantius caesar for the 3rd time, consuls.

(354 mai. 22).

(354 May 22).

CTh.12.1.43

Theodosian Code 12.1.43

Idem a. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. illudere commodis curiarum decurionibus ac decurionum filiis cautum est non licere, etsi vero adfectu militiae se obsequiis traderent. cum vero idcirco tantummodo ad militiae sacramenta confugiunt, ut commodis oppidaneis obsequium denegetur, fraudis huius commenta facile comprimentur.

The same Augustus to Taurus, praetorian prefect. it has been provided that it is not permitted for decurions and the sons of decurions to illude the interests of the curiae, even if indeed under the affect of military service they should hand themselves over to duties. when, however, they flee to the sacraments (oaths) of military service for this reason only, namely that service to the municipal interests be denied, the contrivances of this fraud will be easily suppressed.

comperimus namque plurimos praedictorum nomen militiae tradidisse vel ad suffragia cucurrisse ita, ut post tempus exiguum honesta missione donentur....Et muneribus patriae perferendis curam sedulae mentis intendant. dat. xvi kal.

for we have learned that very many of the aforesaid have given in their name to military service or have run to the suffrages in such a way that, after a slight time, they are presented with an honorable discharge.... And let them direct the care of a sedulous mind to carrying through the duties (munera) of the fatherland. Given on the 16th day before the Kalends.

aug. mediolani arbitione et lolliano conss. (355 iul.

The Augustus at Milan, in the consulship of Arbitio and Lollianus. (355 July

17).

CTh.12.1.44

Theodosian Code 12.1.44

Idem a. ad martinianum vicarium africae. quicumque intra palatium perfectissimus aut comes provectus suffragio est, spolietur honoris indebiti dignitate et si intra provinciam repertus fuerit otiosus, cuius munia vitare studebat, obsequiis competentibus subiugetur. dat.

The same a. to Martinianus, Vicar of Africa. Whoever within the palace has been advanced by suffrage to the rank of perfectissimus or comes, let him be despoiled of the dignity of an undue honor; and if he shall be found idle within the province, the duties of which he was striving to avoid, let him be subjected to the appropriate services. Given.

xi kal. iun. sirmio datiano et cereale conss.

on the 11th day before the Kalends of June, at Sirmium, in the consulship of Datianus and Cerealis.

(358 mai. 22).

(358 May 22).

CTh.12.1.45

Theodosian Code 12.1.45

Idem a. ad martinianum vicarium africae. parvi habito generis et originis nexu plerique muniis oppidaneis improbe destitutis ad militiam confugisse dicuntur. ideoque non eos tantum, qui etiamnunc in militia perseverent, set veteranos etiam statuimus evocari executuros proprias allegationes in iudiciis competentibus, - aequum est namque nullum se nomine honestae missionis tueri - ut etiamnunc in militia permanentes vel iam otium consecutos recipiant curiae, si sibi obnoxios esse monstraverint.

The same emperor to Martinianus, vicarius of Africa. With small account taken of the bond of class and origin, many—having shamelessly abandoned municipal duties of the townsfolk—are said to have fled for refuge to military service.
Therefore we decree that not only those who even now persist in military service, but veterans as well, be summoned to present their own allegations in the competent courts, - for it is equitable that no one should defend himself under the name of an honorable discharge - so that those still remaining in service or those who have already obtained retirement may be received by the curiae, if they shall have shown them to be liable to them.

elicitas quoque epistulas adimi volumus veteranis, curiae decernentes esse reddendos, quos obnoxios esse claruerit. dat. x kal.

We wish also that the procured letters be taken away from the veterans,
decreeing that those who have been shown to be liable be returned to the curia. Given on the 10th before the Kalends.

iul. sirmio datiano et cereale conss. (358 iun.

jul. sirmium datianus and cerealis, consuls. (358 jun.

22).

CTh.12.1.46

Theodosian Code 12.1.46

Idem a. ad martinianum vicarium africae. a solis praecipimus advocatis eorumque consortio dari provinciae sacerdotem. nec aliquis arbitretur ita esse advocationis necessitatem impositam sacerdotio, ut et ab eo munerum oppidaneorum functio secernatur, cum nulla umquam iura patronis forensium quaestionum vacationem civilium munerum praestituerint.

The same Augustus, to Martinianus, Vicarius of Africa. We command that the priest of the province be appointed from the advocates alone and from their fellowship. Nor should anyone suppose that the necessity of advocacy has been imposed upon the priesthood in such a way that the performance of the townsmen’s burdens is also separated from him, since no laws have ever established for patrons of forensic questions an exemption from civil munera.

nullum igitur advocatum a curia, cui tenetur obnoxius, patimur excusari, videlicet si civico nomine aut vinculo incolatus oppidanea necessitas eum detinet obligatum. itaque aput alios etiam iudices operam dantes negotiis perorandis obnoxios esse decernimus sacerdotio, sic videlicet, ut intra eam provinciam huiusmodi honoribus mancipentur, ubi eos necessitas curialis detinet obligatos. dat.

Therefore we do not permit any advocate to be excused from the curia, to which he is held bound, namely if by civic status or by the bond of incolatus the town-duty holds him obligated.
And so we decree that even before other judges those giving service to the pleading of cases are liable to the sacerdotium, namely thus, that within that province they be made over to such honors wherein the curial necessity holds them bound.
Given.

v kal. iul. mursae datiano et cereale conss.

June 27, at Mursa, in the consulship of Datianus and Cerealis.

(358 iun. 27).

(358 June 27).

CTh.12.1.47 [=brev.12.1.5]

Imp. constantius a. .... oppidaneis ordinibus consulentes dudum iussimus, ab iniuriis corporalibus tutam esse debere ordinis dignitatem. condemnationibus etiam modum imposuimus, qui legibus designatur.

Emperor Constantius Augustus .... in considering the municipal orders, we long ago ordered that the dignity of the order ought to be safe from corporal injuries. We have also imposed a limit upon condemnations, which is designated by the laws.

ideoque sancimus, ut, si iudex vel in condemnationibus exprimendis vel in corporalibus iniuriis ultra licitum contra curialem exarserit, ipse quidem auri pondo quinque, officium vero eius decem fisco inferat. dat. xviii.

and therefore we decree that, if a judge, either in expressing condemnations or in corporal injuries, has raged beyond what is permitted against a curial, he himself shall pay to the fisc five pounds of gold, but his office shall pay ten. given 18.

kal. iul. eusebio et hypatio coss.

on july 1, in the consulship of eusebius and hypatius.

interpretatio. in correctione curialium certam patientiam iudices debent retinere, ut in corpore vel in sanguine curialium non facile audeant desaevire. nam si qui contra hoc fecerit, ipse quidem iudex quinque libras auri et officium eius decem auri libras fisco inferre cogantur

interpretation. in the correction of curials judges ought to retain a certain patience, so that upon the body or the blood of the curials they do not easily
dare to rage savagely. for if anyone shall have acted against this, the judge himself shall be compelled to pay into the fisc five pounds of gold, and his office ten pounds of gold,
to be exacted.

CTh.12.1.48

Theodosian Code 12.1.48

Idem a. ad senatum. si qui forte decuriones munia detrectantes ad senatus nostri sese consortium contulerunt, exempti albo curiae propriis urbibus mancipandi sunt. qui vero praetorum honore perfuncti sunt residentes in senatu, redhibere debebunt quae ex rationibus fisci aut urbium visceribus abstulerunt, ita ut omnibus deinceps adipiscendi honoris huiusce aditus obstruatur.

The same Augustus, to the Senate. if any decurions, shirking their duties, have betaken themselves to the consortium of our Senate, removed from the roll of the curia they are to be mancipated to their own cities. but those who have discharged the praetorian honor, residing in the Senate, must give back what they have taken from the accounts of the fisc or from the very vitals of the cities, such that henceforth for all the access to obtaining this honor is blocked.

dat. v non. mai.

dated 5 days before the Nones of May.

tauro et florentio conss. (361 mai. 3).

in the consulship of Taurus and Florentius (361 May 3).

CTh.12.1.49pr.

Theodosian Code 12.1.49, preface.

Idem a. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. solum episcopum facultates suas curiae, sicut ante fuerat constitutum, nullus adigat mancipare, sed antistes maneat nec faciat substantiae cessionem. sane si qui ad presbyterorum gradus, diaconum etiam seu subdiaconum ceterorumque pervenerint adsistente curia ac sub obtutibus iudicis promente consensum, cum eorum vitam insignem atque innocentem esse omni probitate constiterit, habere debet patrimonium probabilis instituti, ut retineat proprias facultates, maxime si totius populi vocibus expetatur.

The same Augustus to Taurus, Praetorian Prefect. Let no one compel only the bishop to mancipate his means to the curia, as had previously been established, but let the antistes remain and not make a cession of his substance. Indeed, if any have attained to the rank of presbyters, or even of deacon or subdeacon, and of the others, with the curia standing by and under the gaze of the judge declaring their consent, when it has been established that their life is distinguished and innocent in every probity, he ought to have a patrimony of approved institute, so that he may retain his own faculties, especially if he is sought by the voices of the whole people.

(361 aug. 29).

CTh.12.1.49.1

Quod si qui forte non curialibus aput iudicem profitentibus, non denique expetente populo ad eos quos diximus gradus clandestinis artibus adspirent aut studio fraudulentae artis irrepserint, patrimonium suum liberis tradant ad curialia obsequia subrogatis. quod si suboles defuerit, propinquis suis, quos tamen gradus poterant legitimae successionis adtingere, duas tradat propriae substantiae portiones, sibi tertiam reservaturus, scilicet ut per propinquos, si tamen curiales sunt aut etiam si curiae numquam antea obsequium praebuerunt, praebeatur susceptis facultatibus obsequella. quod si filios aut propinquos non habuerint hi, qui derelicta curia ad cultum divinae reverentiae existimaverint transeundum, duas portiones curia debebit accipere relicta penes eum tertia, quem ante diximus ad ecclesiasticorum consortium insidiosis artibus adspirasse.

But if perchance any, without curials professing before the judge, and, in fine, without the people seeking it, should aspire to those grades we have mentioned by clandestine arts or should have crept in through zeal for a fraudulent craft, let them hand over their patrimony to their children, the children being subrogated to curial services. But if offspring is lacking, let him hand over to his own kinsmen—those whom the degrees of lawful succession could reach—two portions of his own substance, reserving the third to himself, namely, that through the kinsmen, if indeed they are curials, or even if they have never before rendered service to the curia, there be rendered, with the resources received, a measure of service. But if those who, the curia having been abandoned, have judged that they must pass over to the cult of divine reverence should have neither sons nor kinsmen, the curia ought to receive two portions, the third being left in the possession of him whom we said before to have aspired by insidious arts to the consortium of ecclesiastics.

ea vero, quae ad curiam ex eorum iure transierint, curiae esse oportet nec ex eius iure transferri. sed quoniam verendum fuerit, ne alienatis facultatibus aut in aliorum iura ante transscriptis nulla ex parte possit curiae utilitatibus consuli, observari oportet, ut, si patefacta fuerint fraudulenta consilia, qui qualibet necessitudine copulatus est, cum id potuerit demonstrare, easdem percipiat facultates curiae muneribus praebiturus obsequia; vel si propinquorum cesset indago, cuncta ad curiam transferantur quae quolibet titulo alienata probabuntur ex eo tempore, ex quo curiae munia coeperit detrectare qui viam divinae cultionis affectat. (361 aug.

but indeed, those things which have passed to the curia from their right ought to belong to the curia and not be transferred from its right. but since there is cause for fear lest, with the resources alienated or previously transcribed into the rights of others, provision can in no respect be made for the utilities of the curia, it must be observed that, if fraudulent designs are laid bare, the person who is coupled by any tie of relationship, when he can demonstrate this, shall receive the same resources, about to render obedience to the curia’s munera; or, if the inquiry for relatives should fail, let everything be transferred to the curia which shall be proved to have been alienated under any title from the time when he who aspires to the way of divine cult began to shirk the curia’s munia. (361 aug.

29).

CTh.12.1.49.2

Si praepositi horreorum iique, qui suscepturi sunt magistratum, praepositi etiam pacis seu susceptores diversarum specierum ad ecclesiam crediderint adspirandum, postquam officia impositae sollicitudinis aut honoris adgressi sunt, ipsos primum antistites supernae legis conveniet reluctari ipsisque primum adnitentibus eosdem ad obsequia congrua revocari; aut, si hoc neglexerint, a curialibus iudiciali officio suffragante retrahendi sunt. et cetera. dat.

If the superintendents of the granaries and those who are about to assume a magistracy, and also the superintendents of peace or the receivers of diverse species, shall have believed that they should aspire to the church, after they have entered upon the duties of the imposed solicitude or honor, it will be fitting that the very prelates of the supernal law first resist, and, with they themselves first striving, that the same men be called back to congruent obediences; or, if they shall have neglected this, they are to be drawn back by the curials, with the judicial office lending support. and the rest. Given.

iiii kal. sept. tauro et florentio conss.

the 4th day before the kalends of september, when taurus and florentius were consuls.

(361 aug. 29).

CTh.12.1.50pr.

CTh.12.1.50 preface.

Imp. iulianus a. secundo praefecto praetorio. post alia: decuriones, qui ut christiani declinant munia, revocentur.

Emperor julian augustus to secundus, the praetorian prefect. after other things: let the decurions, who as Christians decline duties, be recalled.

(362 mart. 13).

(362 Mar. 13).

CTh.12.1.50.1

Et ab auri atque argenti praestatione, quod negotiatoribus indicitur, curiae immunes sint, nisi forte decurionem aliquid mercari constiterit, ita ut ordines civitatum ex huiusmodi reliquis sarcinarum, ut iam diximus, amoveantur. (362 mart. 13).

And from the prestation of gold and silver, which is imposed upon negotiators, let the curiae be immune, unless perhaps it has been established that a decurion has bought something, in such a way that the orders of the cities are removed, as we have already said, from remaining burdens of this kind. (362 Mar. 13).

CTh.12.1.50.2

Et quoniam ad potentium domus confugisse quosdam relatum est curiales, ut tam foeda perfugia prohibeantur, multam statuimus, ut per singula capita singulos solidos dependat, qui ad potentis domum confugerit et tantundem qui receperit multae nomine inferat. nam si servus inscio domino susceperit, capite punietur, et ingenuus, qui invito patrono hoc fecerit, deportabitur. proposita iii id. mar.

And since it has been reported that certain curials have taken refuge to the houses of the powerful, in order that such foul refuges may be prohibited, we establish a fine, that per head a single solidus be paid by whoever shall have fled to a powerful man’s house, and that the same amount be paid by way of fine by whoever shall have received him. For if a slave, his master being unaware, shall have received him, he will be punished with death; and a freeborn man, who shall have done this with his patron unwilling, will be deported. published on March 13.

constantinopoli mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 mart. 13).

at constantinople, mamertinus and nevitta, consuls. (362 march 13).

CTh.12.1.51

Idem a. iuliano comiti orientis. eos indulserunt veteres principes ex materno genere curialibus antiochenis adscribi, quos patris dignitas nullius vindicaret iuri civitatis. dat.

The same Augustus to Julian, Count of the East. The ancient princes permitted those to be enrolled among the Antiochene curials from the maternal line, whose father’s rank would assign them to the right of no city. Given.

v kal. sept. antiochiae mamertino et nevitta conss.

August 28, at Antioch, in the consulship of Mamertinus and Nevitta.

(362 aug. 28).

(362 Aug. 28).

CTh.12.1.52

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.52

Idem a. ad iulianum consularem foenices. non obstat curialium petitioni, quod ii, quos incolas dixerunt, alibi decuriones esse dicuntur; poterunt enim et aput eos detineri, si eorum patitur substantia et ante conventionem incolatui renuntiare noluerunt. sola vero possessione sine laris collocatione praedictos onerari iuris ratio non patitur, quamvis res decurionum comparasse dicantur.

The same Augustus to Julianus, consular of Phoenice. It is no obstacle to the petition of the curials that those whom they called incolae are said to be decurions elsewhere; for they can also be held among them, if their substance permits, and if before the convening they were unwilling to renounce their incolatus. But by mere possession without the establishment of a hearth, the rationale of law does not allow the aforesaid to be burdened, although they are said to have acquired property of decurions.

sane incolatus iure tunc detinendi sunt, si non aut arma gesserunt aut expeditioni militari praefuerunt aut sub praecone administrationis facti sunt senatores. dat. iii non.

indeed, residents are then to be detained by right, if they have not either borne arms or been in command of a military expedition or been made senators by proclamation of an administration.
given on the 3rd before the nones.

sept. antiochiae; acc. id. oct.

september, at antioch; received on the ides of october.

tyro mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 sept. 3).

Tyro Mamertinus and Nevitta, consuls (September 3, 362).

CTh.12.1.53pr.

CTh.12.1.53pref.

Idem a. ad sallustium praefectum praetorio. quoniam ex paucis plurima commissa non absurde suspicamur, ex die kal. septembrium omnes omnino praeter sollemnes nominationes factas a curiis in irritum devocamus.

The same Augustus to Sallustius, Prefect of the Praetorium. Since from a few we not unreasonably suspect that very many things have been committed, from the day of the Kalends of September
we call into nullity all whatsoever nominations made by the curiae, except the solemn ones.

de praecedentibus porro iustum agitabis examen. (362 sept. 18).

concerning the preceding matters, moreover, you will conduct a just examination. (362 sept. 18).

CTh.12.1.53.1

Placuit etiam designare, quae corpora sint, in quibus nominationis iuste sollemnitas exercetur. decurionum enim filios necdum curiae mancipatos et plebeios eiusdem oppidi cives, quos ad decurionum subeunda munera splendidior fortuna subvexit, licet nominare sollemniter. dat.

It has also been decreed to designate which bodies there are, in which the solemnity of nomination is justly exercised. For the sons of decurions not yet mancipated to the curia and the plebeian citizens of the same town, whom a more splendid fortune has raised to undergo the duties of the decurions, it is permitted to nominate solemnly. given.

xiiii kal. oct. antiochiae mamertino et nevitta conss.

At Antioch, 14 days before the Kalends of October, Mamertinus and Nevitta, consuls.

(362 sept. 18).

(362 September 18).

CTh.12.1.54

Theodosian Code 12.1.54

Idem a. ad iulianum comitem orientis. providendum est eorum novitati decurionum, qui nuper nomen curiis addiderunt, ne praeteritis debitis susceptorum onerentur: sed conventis propter haec debita qui ea praecedentibus delegationibus contraxerunt nullam eos molestiam pro sarcina nominationis alienae sustinere patiaris. proposita beryto kal.

The same Augustus to Julianus, count of the East. Provision must be made for the newness of those decurions who have lately added their name to the curiae, lest they be burdened with the past debts of the tax‑receivers; but, when persons are convened on account of these debts—those who contracted them under preceding delegations—you shall not allow them to endure any trouble on account of the load of another’s nomination. Posted at Berytus on the Kalends.

nov. mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 nov.

nov. in the consulship of mamertinus and nevitta (362 nov.

1).

CTh.12.1.55 [=brev.12.1.6]

Imp. iulianus a. leontio consulari palaestinae. qui pater sit tredecim liberorum, non modo ad curiam non vocetur, verum etiam, si sit decurio, honoratissima quiete donetur.

The Emperor Julian Augustus to Leontius, Consularis of Palestine. Whoever is father of thirteen children, not only let him not be summoned to the curia, but also, if he be a decurion, let him be granted most honorable repose.

dat. kal. mart.

given on the Kalends of March.

antiochiae, iuliano a. iv., et sallustio coss.

at antioch, in the 4th consulship of julian augustus and sallustius, consuls.

interpretatio. haec lex hoc praecipit, eum, qui pater probatur esse tredecim filiorum, non solum ad curiae servitia non tenendum, verum etiam, si curialis sit, honoratissima quiete donandum

interpretation. this law prescribes this, that he who is proved to be the father of thirteen sons is not only not to be held to the services of the curia, but also, if he is a curialis, to be bestowed with most honorable quiet

CTh.12.1.56

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.56

Idem a. qui nati origine curiali militare munus adamaverunt, ubi x annorum stipendia confecta sunt, iussionum nostrarum auctoritate erunt curia immunes. si vero intra decennium recens athuc erit ratio militiae limitaneae, causa generis praeponderabit et originis: curiis enim adgregabuntur. dat.

Likewise, the same Augustus. who, born of curial origin, have desired the military office, when the stipends of 10 years have been completed, by the authority of our orders will be immune from the curia. if, however, within the decade the reckoning of limitanean militia is still recent, the cause of lineage and origin will preponderate: for they will be aggregated to the curiae. given.

xii kal. ian. antiochiae iuliano a. iiii et sallustio conss.

12 kalends of january at antioch, under julian augustus for the 4th time and sallustius, consuls.

(363 dec. 21).

CTh.12.1.57

Theodosian Code 12.1.57

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. nemo ad ordinem senatorium ante functionem omnium munerum municipalium senator accedat.

the emperors valentinian and valens, augusti, to mamertinus, prefect of the praetorium. let no one gain entry to the senatorial order as a senator before the performance of all municipal duties.

cum autem universis transactis patriae stipendia fuerit emensus, tum eum ita ordinis senatorii complexus excipiet, ut reposcentium civium flagitatio non fatiget. ii autem, qui legem nostram neglexerint, exempti senatorio albo, quoad municipalibus necessitatibus satisfaciant, non capiant cassi honoris augmentum. nam qui cupiunt incrementum honoris adipsici, perfunctos se esse muneribus actis debent ordinarii iudicis adprobare, in locum suum scilicet filiis subrogatis, si eos successio familiae ad exsequendam universam legis nostrae mentem docebitur adiuvare.

but when, all the stipends of the fatherland having been completed, he shall have measured them out, then the embrace of the senatorial order will receive him in such a way that the flagitation of citizens who are demanding does not weary. but those, however, who have neglected our law, removed from the senatorial album, until they satisfy municipal necessities, are not to seize an augmentation of honor, being void of honor. for those who desire to attain an increment of honor, ought to approve to the ordinary judge that they have been discharged from the duties performed, with their sons, namely, subrogated in their place, if the succession of the family shall be shown to aid them in executing the entire intent of our law.

dat. non. mai.

given on the Nones of May.

divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 mai. 7).

under the consuls the deified Jovian and Varronianus. (May 7, 364).

CTh.12.1.58pr.

CTh.12.1.58 preface.

Idem aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. qui curiali ortus familia ante completa munera patriae senator factus est, fructu careat, quousque muneribus absolvatur: quibus expletis si velit sumptuosum ordinem senatorium vitare, renuntiet dignitati; si permanserit, liberos quos post ediderit habeat senatores praetores iam quaestoresque, non muneri decurionum obnoxios. (364 mai.

The same Augusti to Mamertinus, Prefect of the Praetorium. He who, sprung from a curial family, has been made a senator before the duties (munera) owed to the fatherland are completed, shall lack the benefit,
until he is absolved from the duties: when these are fulfilled, if he wishes to avoid the costly senatorial order, let him renounce the dignity; if he remains,
let the children whom he thereafter begets be senators—forthwith praetors and quaestors—not subject to the decurions’ munus. (364 May.

13).

CTh.12.1.58.1

Theodosian Code 12.1.58.1

Militiae vero nullus gradus, nulla diuturnitas defendet eum, qui ut curialem contrahens originem repetetur. (364 mai. 13).

Indeed no grade of the military, no long duration will defend him who shall be reclaimed as contracting curial origin. (364 May 13).

CTh.12.1.58.2

Theodosian Code 12.1.58.2

Sed et qui nexum curialem nascendi opportunitate vitaverit, nisi cum duodeviginti annos expleverit militiam exerceat, per quam parentibus eius immunitas quaesita est, securus esse non poterit propter sortem originis. dat. iii id. mai.

But even he who has avoided the curial bond by the opportunity of birth, unless he should perform military service until he has completed 18 years, through which immunity was obtained for his parents, will not be able to be secure because of the lot of origin. Given on the 3rd day before the Ides of May.

hadrianopoli divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 mai. 13).

at hadrianople, under the consuls, the deified jovian and
varronianus. (364 may 13).

CTh.12.1.59

Theodosian Code 12.1.59

Idem aa. ad byzacenos. qui partes eligit ecclesiae, aut in propinquum bona propria conferendo eum pro se faciat curialem aut facultatibus curiae cedat quam reliquit, ex necessitate revocando eo, qui neutrum fecit, cum clericus esse coepisset. et cetera.

the same emperors to the Byzacenes. Whoever chooses the party of the Church, either by transferring his own goods to a kinsman let him make him a curial in his stead, or let him cede to the curia that he abandoned the faculties; with the one who has done neither being of necessity recalled, when he had begun to be a cleric. And the rest.

dat. iiii id. sept. aquileiae divo ioviano et varroniano conss.

Given on September 10 at Aquileia
in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus.

(364 sept. 12).

(September 12, 364).

CTh.12.1.60

Idem aa. ad byzacenos. sacerdotes vel curiales ultra terminos propriae civitatis non iubeantur sui exhibere praesentiam, in sacerdotibus creandis et in privilegiis, quae isdem deferebantur, veteri more servando. dat.

The same emperors to the Byzacenes. Priests or curials are not to be ordered to exhibit their presence beyond the boundaries of their own city, in the creating of priests and in the privileges which were being conferred upon the same, the ancient custom being observed. Given.

prid. id. sept. aquileiae divo ioviano et varroniano conss.

on the day before the ides of september, at aquileia, when the deified jovian and varronianus were consuls.

(364 sept. 12).

(364 September 12).

CTh.12.1.61

Theodosian Code 12.1.61

Idem aa. ad terentium correctorem tusciae. urbis vulsiniensium principales, qui tamen patronorum adepti fuerint dignitatem, hanc praerogativam laborum atque officiorum ferant, ne interdum ad libidinem prave consulentium iudicum gravibus adficiantur iniuriis. dat.

the same augusti to terentius, corrector of tuscia. the principales of the city of the vulsinians, who nevertheless shall have obtained the dignity of patrons, are to enjoy this prerogative regarding labors and offices, lest they be sometimes subjected, at the whim of judges who decide perversely, to grievous injustices. given.

v kal. novemb. divo ioviano et varroniano conss.

5
the 5th day before the kalends of november, in the consulship of the deified jovian and varronianus.

(364 oct. 28).

(364 Oct. 28).

CTh.12.1.62

Theodosian Code 12.1.62

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. municipalis, qui ad fabrorum collegium alia officia illusurus irrepsit, statui pristino reformetur, nec in posterum decurionum quis originem trahens ad hoc officium adspirare audeat. dat.

The same emperors to Symmachus, prefect of the city. A municipal man, who crept into the collegium of craftsmen in order to elude other offices, shall be restored to his former status, and henceforth let no one drawing his origin from the decurions dare to aspire to this office. Given.

iiii id. dec. mediolano divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 dec.

on the 4th day before the ides of december, at milan, in the consulship of the deified jovian and varronianus.
(364 dec.

10).

CTh.12.1.63

Theodosian Code 12.1.63

Idem aa. ad modestum praefectum praetorio. quidam ignaviae sectatores desertis civitatum muneribus captant solitudines ac secreta et specie religionis cum coetibus monazonton congregantur. hos igitur atque huiusmodi intra aegyptum deprehensos per comitem orientis erui e latebris consulta praeceptione mandavimus atque ad munia patriarum subeunda revocari aut pro tenore nostrae sanctionis familiarium rerum carere illecebris, quas per eos censuimus vindicandas, qui publicarum essent subituri munera functionum.

The same emperors to Modestus, Praetorian Prefect. Certain followers of ignavia, deserting the municipal munera of the cities, seek out solitudes and retreats, and under the appearance of religion they gather with assemblies of monazontes.
Therefore such men and those of this sort, if apprehended within Egypt, we have ordered by considered precept to be dragged from their hiding places through the Count of the East and to be recalled to undertake the duties of their homelands, or, according to the tenor of our sanction, to be deprived of the allurements of familial property,
which we have judged to be claimed by those who are about to undergo the public functions (munera).

proposita beryto kal. ian. valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

published at Berytus on January 1, when Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, were consuls.

(370? 373? ian.

(370? 373? jan.

1).

CTh.12.1.64

Idem aa. mauris sitifensibus. privilegio militiae paternae se non vindicet, quem avitus curiae nexus adstringit, et patrem sine dubio receptura curia, si intra praedicti temporis calcem suis partibus adfuisset. quod si militari avo et patre decurione nascetur, paternae erit succedaneus functioni.

The same Augusti. To the Mauri of Sitifis: let him not claim for himself the privilege of paternal military service, whom the ancestral nexus of the curia constrains; and the curia would without doubt have received the father, if by the end of the aforesaid time he had been present to his own party. But if he is born of a military grandfather and a father who is a decurion, he will be successor to the paternal function.

dat. viiii kal. mai.

dated on the 9th day before the Kalends of May.

treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (?368? 370?

at trier, valentinian and valens, the augusti, consuls. (?368? 370?

373? apr. 23).

CTh.12.1.65

Theodosian Code 12.1.65

Idem aa. ad terentium correctorem tusciae. omnes curiales, qui qualibet gratia prius ad altiorem gradum properaverint, quam munia universa percurrerint, ad ordinem necessitatum suarum revocentur nec ante ad usurpatam dignitatem admittantur, quam quae patriae debentur impleverint. non difficile autem intellegitur id, quod senatorio ordini concessum non est, concedi non posse ordinibus civitatum.

the same augusti to terentius, corrector of tuscia. all curials, who by whatever favor have hastened earlier to a higher rank, before they have run through all their duties,
are to be recalled to the order of their obligations and are not to be admitted to the usurped dignity before they have fulfilled the things that are owed to their fatherland,
it is not difficult, moreover, to understand that what has not been granted to the senatorial order cannot be granted to the orders of the cities.

dat. v kal. iun.

given on the 5th day before the Kalends of June.

mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 mai. 28).

at Milan, Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, consuls. (May 28, 365).

CTh.12.1.66

Theodosian Code 12.1.66

Idem aa. ad rufinum praefectum praetorio. ordinibus curiarum, quorum nobis splendor vel maxime cordi est, non adgregentur nisi nominati, nisi electi, quos ipsi ordines coetibus suis duxerint adgregandos, nec quis ob culpam, ob quam eximi deberet ex ordine, mittatur in curiam. dat.

The same emperors to Rufinus, Praetorian Prefect. To the orders of the curiae, whose splendor is most especially dear to our heart, let none be aggregated unless
nominated, unless elected, whom the orders themselves, in their assemblies, shall have judged to be aggregated; nor let anyone, on account of a fault, on account of which he ought to be exempted from the order, be sent
into the curia. Given.

xi kal. iul. ravennae valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

on the 11th day before the Kalends of July, at Ravenna, the emperors Valentinian and Valens, consuls.

(365 iun. 21).

(365 Jun. 21).

CTh.12.1.67

Theodosian Code 12.1.67

Idem aa. ad volusianum praefectum urbi. nullus exceptis palatinis qualibet praerogativa fultus a debitis muneribus habeatur immunis. dat.

The same emperors to Volusianus, Prefect of the City. Let no one, the Palatines excepted, supported by any prerogative, be held immune from the due munera. Given.

iiii kal. iul. mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

4 days before the kalends of july, at milan, with valentinian and valens, the augusti, consuls.

(365 iun. [?] 28).

(365 Jun. [?] 28).

CTh.12.1.68

Theodosian Code 12.1.68

Idem aa. ad severum praefectum urbi. quaecumque in perniciem ordinis abellinatium sine auctoritate ac iudicio principali ordinarii iudicis nimia arrogatione gesta sunt, neque vetustae consuetudini praeiudicare debebunt neque in futurum quandam necessitatem legis imponere. dat.

The same Augusti to Severus, Prefect of the City. Whatever things, to the ruin of the order of the Abellinates, have been done without authority and the principal judgment of the ordinary judge,
through excessive arrogation, shall neither prejudice ancient consuetude nor impose for the future any necessity of law. Given.

prid. non. oct.

the day before the Nones of October (October 6)

veronae valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 [ 364?] oct. 6).

At Verona, under the consulship of Valentinian and Valens, Augusti (365 [ 364?] Oct. 6).

CTh.12.1.69

Theodosian Code 12.1.69

Idem aa. ad auxonium vicarium dioeceseos asianae. universi, qui praematura cupiditate senatorios coetus honoribus patriae praetulisse noscuntur, habeant quidem incolumem statum senatoriae dignitatis, verum fungantur his honoribus, quos patriae nondum reddiderunt. quin etiam liberos suos indicent, quos ante senatoriam dignitatem quisque suscepit.

The same Augusti to auxonius, vicar of the Asian diocese. all who, by premature cupidity, are known to have preferred the senatorial assemblies to the honors of their fatherland shall indeed have the unharmed status of senatorial dignity; but let them discharge those honors which they have not yet rendered to their fatherland. nay more, let them indicate their children, whom each one had acknowledged before the senatorial dignity.

dat. prid. non.

given on the day before the Nones.

oct. valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365?

oct. valentinian and valens, emperors, consuls. (365?

368? 370? 373?

oct. 6).

Oct. 6).

CTh.12.1.70

Theodosian Code 12.1.70

Idem aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. quisquis ex hoc corpore, quod susceptioni deputatum est, honorem quemlibet suffragio meruit, etiamsi nostras purpuras adoravit, meritis careat dignitatis. dat.

The same emperors to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. Whoever from this body, which has been deputed to the Susception, has merited any honor by suffrage,
even if he has adored our purples, let him lack the merits of the dignity. Given.

iii kal. feb. valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

On the 3rd day before the Kalends of February, when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls.

(365 ian. 30).

(365 Jan. 30).

CTh.12.1.71

Theodosian Code 12.1.71

Idem aa. et gratianus a. ad amphilochium consularem campaniae sive ad sofronium consularem piceni. qui praeterito aliquo vel honore vel munere ad locum indebitum tetenderunt, etiamsi conivente curia vel aliquibus in iudicium causis tamquam probabilibus allatis valuit obreptio, ad ea quae fugerant retrahantur. quiescat autem illa interlocutio, qua, cum huiusmodi querimoniae deferantur, pronuntiet iudex curiam suum nosse discrimen.

the same augusti and gratian augustus to amphilochius, consular of campania, or to sofronius, consular of picenum. those who, by reason of some past either honor or duty, have made for an undue place, even if, with the curia conniving or with certain causes brought into judgment as if plausible, surreption prevailed, let them be drawn back to the things which they had fled. but let that interlocution be at rest, whereby, when complaints of this kind are brought, the judge pronounces that the curia knows its own jurisdiction.

dat. iii non. mai.

Given on the 3rd day before the Nones of May.

treviris valentiniano et valente iii aa. conss. (370 mai. 5).

at trier, valentinian and valens, the augusti, consuls for the 3rd time. (370 May 5).

CTh.12.1.72

Theodosian Code 12.1.72

Idem aaa. ad olybrium consularem tusciae. si quis negotiator fundos comparaverit et ut aliquorum possessor praediorum vocetur ad curiam, ei necessitatis umbra non adsit, quod propterea pecunia, quam habet in conversatione, mercatoribus indictum aurum argentumque agnoscit, sed nominatione facta eius pareat functionibus, cui se sponte dedit, pecuniae usum in glebae commodum conferendo.

The same Augusti to Olybrius, consularis of Tuscia. If any merchant has purchased estates and is summoned to the curia as the possessor of certain landed properties, let not even the shadow of necessity be upon him, because the money which he has in commerce is on that account liable for the gold and silver levy imposed upon merchants; but, once a nomination has been made, let him comply with the functions of the one to whom he voluntarily gave himself, by contributing the use of his money to the advantage of the glebe.

dat. iii non. mai.

dated the 3rd day before the nones of may.

treviris valentiniano et valente iii aa. conss. (370 mai. 5).

at Trier, when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls for the 3rd time (370 May 5).

CTh.12.1.73

Theodosian Code 12.1.73

Idem aaa. ad symmachum proconsulem africae. qui nullo administrationis honore fultus, nullis vel palatini laboris insignibus vel meritis iustis militiae in consortium senatus nititur pervenire, missa in hanc rem legatione revocetur eique reddatur curiae, quam voluit declinare.

The same Augusti to Symmachus, Proconsul of Africa. He who, supported by no honor of administration, by no insignia either of Palatine labor or by just merits
of military service, strives to arrive at the consortium of the senate, let a legation be sent for this matter and let him be recalled, and let him be returned to the curia, which he wished to avoid.

dat. prid. kal.

Given, on the day before the Kalends.

dec. treviris valentiniano et valente iiii aa. conss. (373 [?] nov.

Dec., at Trier, Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, consuls for the 4th time. (373 [?] nov.

30).

CTh.12.1.74pr.

CTh. 12.1.74, preface.

Idem aaa. ad modestum praefectum praetorio. post alia: in his, qui ex curiis ad senatus consortia pervenerunt, haec forma servetur, ut, si perfunctus quispiam muneribus et filii subole nixus fuerit, quem senatorio necdum indepto honore suscepit, filium suum curiae functionibus tradat, ipse optata clarissimatus dignitate potiatur.

the same augusti to modestus, praetorian prefect. after other things: among those who have come from the curiae to the consortia of the senate, let this form be observed, that, if
someone, having discharged the duties and relying on the offspring of a son—whom he begot before the senatorial honor had yet been obtained—shall have such support, he shall hand over his son to the functions of the curia, and he himself shall obtain the desired dignity of the clarissimate.

quod si ei gemina vel numerosa suboles erit, tunc discrimen promptae dudum divalis legis adhibendum est, ut de duobus eius liberis aut pluribus sortiendi unius filii ad collegium senatus habeat optionem, ita ut ei, qui cum patre vel post patrem ad consortium senatus legetur, divisione cum fratribus per sortem successionis patrimonii idonea solius glebae substantia congregetur. plane si qui curialis factus senator et unius filii posteritate subnixus ipsum senatui poposcerit conecti seque promittat ad curiae munera regressurum, eiusmodi captio minime admittatur. (371 mart.

But if he will have twin or numerous offspring, then the distinction of the imperial law long since promulgated must be applied, namely, that from his two or more children, by the drawing of lots, he may have the option of one son for the college of the senate, in such a way that for him who shall be chosen with the father or after the father to the consortium of the senate, by a division with the brothers through the lot of succession, an appropriate aggregation of patrimony be made up of the substance of glebe alone. Plainly, if someone a curial, having been made a senator and supported by the posterity of one son, should request that that son be connected to the senate and should promise that he himself will return to the duties of the curia, such a contrivance is by no means to be admitted. (March 371.)

1).

CTh.12.1.74.1

Ceterum si de numero curialium factus senator filium non habebit, quem functionibus patriae heredem generis ac munerum derelinquat, glebae senatoriae brevibus eximatur circa eos forma data, qui intra annos xi consulatus constantii decimi et iuliani iii amplissimi ordinis participasse collegium monstrabuntur: ceterum anteriore tempore adscitos ipsa aequum est antiquitate defendi. (371 mart. 1).

However, if someone from the number of the curials, having been made a senator, will not have a son whom he might leave behind as heir of his lineage and of the munera to the functions of the fatherland, let removal from the senatorial gleba be entered on the registers, with the rule given concerning those who shall be shown to have participated in the college of the most ample order within the 11 years from the consulship of Constantius (10th) and Julian (3rd): but those admitted in an earlier time it is just that they be defended by their very antiquity. (371 Mar. 1).

CTh.12.1.74.2

Si quis igitur curialis prosapiae senatorio adepto vel a nobis vel a divis principibus honore subnixus sit, quantum ad liberos quidem pertinet, eadem quae superius comprehensa est forma servetur, excepto scilicet eo, qui sine filio sit et, ut statuimus, retrahendus est, nisi vel antiquitate participati senatus vel praestituti temporis praerogativa muniatur vel ius gladii habuit vel praeconum, qui honores concessi ceteris et antiquum instar senatorii nominis fuerint consecuti. (371 mart. 1).

If anyone, therefore, of curial lineage, having attained senatorial honor, whether supported by an honor from us or from the deified princes, as far as it pertains to children indeed,
let the same form which has been set forth above be observed, with the exception, namely, of him who is without a son and, as we have decreed, is to be drawn back, unless
he is fortified either by the antiquity of participation in the Senate or by the prerogative of the time prescribed, or has had the right of the sword, or is of the praecones (heralds), who have obtained the honors granted to the others and the ancient likeness of the senatorial name. (371 Mar. 1).

CTh.12.1.74.3

His verae dignitatis titulis et iudicibus adiungendis, qui proprium decus senatorum indepti praeturae insignibus fuerint et honoribus ampliati, vel quos veteris tribunorum plebis appellatione respersos umbra nominis nobis annuentibus constiterit populo praefuisse. (371 mart. 1).

To these are to be added the titles of true dignity and the judges, who have obtained the senators’ proper distinction by the insignia of the praetorship and have been advanced with honors,
or those whom, sprinkled with the appellation of the ancient tribunes of the plebs with the shadow of the name, with us assenting, it has been established to have presided over the people. (371 March 1).

CTh.12.1.74.4

Inanes vero umbras et cassas imagines dignitatum codicillis honorariis sectantes nihil adiuvari praecipimus, exceptis eminentium elatis titulis dignitatum, si et honorario nomine a summo gradu usque ad consularitatem haut exiguis profecto meritis amplissima sibi honestamenta pepererunt, ceteris inferioribus dumtaxat honorariis dignitatibus ad ea officia quae reliquerant deducendis. (371 mart. 1).

We order that those who, following empty shades and hollow images of dignities by honorary codicils, be aided in nothing, excepting the lofty titles of eminent dignities, if also, under an honorary name, from the highest grade up to consularity, by assured not slight merits they have won for themselves most ample honorifics, the other lower merely honorary dignities being led back to those offices which they had left. (371 Mar. 1).

CTh.12.1.74.5

Haec super obnoxiis curiali origini. ceterum suae potestatis et nullis per provincias functionibus obligati si vel longae militiae labore vel proximis erga nos...Iuvantibus codicillos senatorios reportaverint, nisi vitiis aut actae vitae obprobriis amplissimo ordine deprehendantur indigni, indepti semel clarissimatus dignitatem perpetuo manebunt in ordine senatorum. dat.

These things concerning those subject to the curial origin. but those of their own power and bound by no functions through the provinces, if either by the labor of long military service or
with the closest to us...Helping they shall have obtained senatorial codicils, unless by vices or by the opprobrium of a life lived they are discovered unworthy of the most ample order, having once obtained the dignity of the clarissimate they shall remain perpetually in the order of senators. given.

kal. mart. constantinopoli gratiano a. ii et probo conss.

on the kalends of march, at constantinople, in the consulship of gratian augustus for the 2nd time and
probus, consuls.

(371 mart. 1).

(371 March 1).

CTh.12.1.75

Theodosian Code 12.1.75

Idem aaa. ad viventium praefectum praetorio. qui ad sacerdotium provinciae et principalis honorem gradatim et per ordinem muneribus expeditis, non gratia emendicatisque suffragiis, et labore pervenerint, probatis actibus, si consona est civium fama et publice ab universo ordine comprobantur, habeantur immunes, otio fruituri quod continui laboris testimonio promerentur liberumque sit corpus eorum ab his iniuriis, quas honoratos non decet sustinere.

The same Augusti to Viventius, Praetorian Prefect. Those who to the priesthood of the province and to the principal honor, step by step and through the order, with the public burdens discharged,
not by favor and begged votes, and by toil shall have attained, with their deeds approved, if the report of the citizens is harmonious and they are publicly approved by the entire
order, let them be held immune, to enjoy the leisure which by the testimony of continuous labor they would merit; and let their person be free from those injuries which it does not befit the honored to endure.

honorem etiam eis ex comitibus addi censemus, quem ii consequi solent, qui fidem diligentiamque suam in administrandis rebus publicis adprobarint. dat. iiii kal.

We also decree that the honor from among the comites be added to them, which those are wont to obtain who have proved their fidelity and diligence in administering public affairs. Given on the 4 kalends.

iul. treviris gratiano a. ii et probo conss. (371 iun.

Jul. at Trier, with Gratian Augustus for the 2nd time and Probus as consuls. (371 Jun.

28).

CTh.12.1.76

Theodosian Code 12.1.76

Idem aaa. ad modestum praefectum praetorio. ex omnibus domibus producti qui origine sunt curiali, ad subeundam publicorum munerum functionem protrahantur, quippe cum occultatoribus talium praeter iacturam existimationis etiam rerum discrimen incumbat, si ulterius progressi utilitatem publicam privatis studiis et patrociniis postponant.

The same Emperors to Modestus, Praetorian Prefect. From all households let those who are of curial origin, once brought forth, be dragged to undergo the function of public munera,
since upon the concealers of such persons there impends, besides a loss of estimation, also a peril to their goods, if, having advanced further, they postpone the public utility to private pursuits and patronages.

dat. iii id. iul. ancyrae gratiano a. ii et probo conss.

given on the 3rd day before the ides of july, at ancyra, in the consulship of gratian augustus for the 2nd time and probus, consuls.

(371 iul. 13).

(July 13, 371).

CTh.12.1.77

Theodosian Code 12.1.77

Idem aaa. ad probum vicarium urbis. nemo originis suae oblitus et patriae, cui domicilii iure devinctus est, ad gubernacula provinciae nitatur ascendere, priusquam decursis gradatim curiae muneribus subvehatur.

The same emperors to Probus, vicar of the city. Let no one, forgetful of his origin and of the fatherland to which he is bound by the right of domicile, strive to ascend to the helm of a province, before he is borne up after having run through, step by step, the duties of the curia.

nec vero a duumviratu vel a sacerdotio incipiat, sed servato ordine omnium officiorum sollicitudinem sustineat, quod nec his deferri per gratiam aut conivente iudice patimur, qui advocationis praerogativa nituntur; nec vero principalium vel sacerdotalium, cum nullam curialium officiorum agnoverint functionem, in honores primos irrepant. post munera vero et magistratus gradatim patriae persolutos aditus singulis ad administrationes publicas, nobis quoque adsistentibus recludatur. et cetera.

nor indeed let him begin from the duumvirate or from the priesthood, but, the order of all the offices being observed, let him sustain the solicitude; which we do not allow to be conferred upon these by favor or with the judge conniving, who rely on the prerogative of advocacy; nor indeed let men of the principal or priestly ranks, since they have acknowledged no function of the curial offices, creep into the first honors. after the munera, moreover, and the magistracies having been rendered to the fatherland step by step, let access for individuals to public administrations, we also standing by, be opened. and the rest.

dat. vii kal. mart.

dated 7 days before the Kalends of March (February 23).

treviris modesto et arinthaeo conss. (372 febr. 23).

at trier, under the consuls Modestus and Arintheus (372 Feb. 23).

CTh.12.1.78

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.78

Idem aaa. ad probum praefectum praetorio. ad illustres comites et magistros equitum ac peditum scripta porreximus, ut scirent ab omnibus his veteranorum filiis, qui vel curiae addicti sunt vel civilibus muneribus aliisque necessitatibus obsecundant, penitus abstinendum vel, si qui forte retracti essent, eos ita protinus officiis anterioribus redderent nec pro his vicarios expeterent iuniores.

The same emperors to Probus, Praetorian Prefect. We have sent writings to the Illustrious counts and masters of cavalry and infantry, so that they should know that from all these sons of veterans—who are either bound to the curia or comply with civil duties and other necessities—there must be complete abstention; or, if any should perchance have been dragged back, that they should immediately restore them to their former offices, and should not seek juniors as vicars in their stead.

dat. xvii kal. iun.

dated 17 days before the Kalends of June.

patavione modesto et arintheo conss. (372 mai. 16/7).

At Patavium, when Modestus and Arintheus were consuls. (372 May 16/17).

CTh.12.1.79

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.79

Idem aaa. modesto praefecto praetorio. quicumque per osdroenam primipilarium maiore laetatur numero filiorum, unum loco suo veluti hereditario iure substituat, alterum pro amore patriae edessenae curiae tradat obsequiis, ceteris quam voluerit militiam provisurus.

The same emperors, to Modestus, praetorian prefect. Whoever among the primipilares throughout Osroene rejoices in a greater number of sons, let him substitute one in his place, as it were by hereditary right, let him hand over another, for love of the fatherland, to the services of the Edessene curia, providing for the rest such military service as he may wish.

sin autem duos tantum procreaverit, cohorti satisfacere cogatur et curiae. quod si unum procreaverit, eundem ordini patriae restituat, nullo contra hanc formam beneficio valituro. damus sane licentiam tam patribus eorum quam ipsis, qui huius legis auctoritate civitatum obsequio adgregantur, ut, si quos curiales patrocinio principalium invenerint excusari, in medium proferant, ut et ipsi similibus officiis deputati pareant imperatis.

but if however he shall have begotten only two, let him be compelled to satisfy the cohort and the curia. But if he shall have begotten one, let him restore that same one to the order of his fatherland, with no benefit contrary to this form to be valid. We do indeed grant license both to their fathers and to the men themselves, who by the authority of this law are aggregated to the service of the cities, that, if they shall find any curiales excused by the patronage of the principals, they may bring it into the open, so that they also, appointed to similar offices, may obey the commands.

dat. iii non. dec.

given on the 3rd day before the Nones of december.

antiochiae post cons. gratiani a. iii et equiti v. c. (375 dec. 3).

at antioch, after the consulship of gratian augustus for the 3rd time and of equitius, most distinguished man (375 dec. 3).

CTh.12.1.80

Theodosian Code 12.1.80

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. iuliano praefecto aegypti.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, Augusti, to Julian, Prefect of Egypt.

omnis ordo curialis a tormentis his, quae reis debita sunt, et ab ictibus plumbatarum habeantur immunes, scituro iudice, quod si vel ipse vel eius officium contra vetitum legis aliquid usurpare temptaverit, gravissimo se supplicio esse subdendum. gravitas igitur tua sanctionis maiestate perspecta non solum a corporalibus curialium iniuriis temperabit, verum etiam tota observatione providebit, ut, si aliquid temerarium ab officio aliquo fuerit perpetratum, severioris poenae discrimine vindicetur. dat.

Let the entire curial order be held immune from tortures—those which are owed to defendants—and from the blows of lead-weighted scourges; the judge shall know that, if either he himself or his officium attempts to usurp anything against the prohibition of the law, he must be subjected to a most grievous punishment. Therefore your gravity, with the majesty of the sanction perceived, will not only refrain from corporal injuries against the curials, but will also with complete observance provide that, if anything rash shall have been perpetrated by any officium, it be vindicated by the peril of a severer penalty. Given.

xvi kal. april. gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss.

march 17. under gratian for the 5th time and theodosius for the 1st time, augusti, consuls.

(380 mart. 17).

(380 March 17).

CTh.12.1.81

Idem aaa. ad neoterium praefectum praetorio. fabricenses ordinibus restituantur, qui originem curialem et propriae munera declinaverint civitatis; reliqui ne levi quidem inquietudine pulsentur.

The same Augusti to Neoterius, praetorian prefect. Let the fabrica-workers be restored to the orders, those who have declined curial origin and the munera of their own city; let the rest not be assailed even by the least disquiet.

dat. xvi kal. april.

given on the 16th day before the Kalends of April.

thessalonicae gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss. (380 mart. 17).

At Thessalonica, when Gratian 5 and Theodosius 1, Augusti, were consuls. (380 March 17).

CTh.12.1.82

Idem aaa. neoterio praefecto praetorio. omnes ad curiam praecipimus revocari, qui ad munera subeunda originalibus vinculis occupati officia conantur exhibere maiora, sive se splendidissimo senatui tradiderunt sive per officia militantes obsequia patriae denegarunt, si tamen allegationum meritis deseruntur.

the same emperors to neoterius, praetorian prefect. we command that all be recalled to the curia, who, occupied by their original bonds for undergoing munera, strive to exhibit greater offices, whether they have handed themselves over to the most splendid senate or, serving through offices, have denied services to the fatherland, if, however, they are deserted by the merits of their allegations.

dat. xvi kal. april.

dated the 16th day before the Kalends of April.

thessalonicae gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss. (380 mart. 17).

at thessalonica, gratian 5 and theodosius 1, the augusti, consuls. (380 Mar. 17).

CTh.12.1.83

Theodosian Code 12.1.83

Idem aaa. si qui militaris prosapiae se officio cohortis adgregarit et si infractis viribus grandaevam praeferat senectutem aut debilitatis obtentu bellico inconveniens operi iudicetur, de ignaviae latebris vel sera indagatione retractus curiarum functionibus mancipetur. scripta petro consulari foenices damasco prid.

The same emperors: if anyone of military progeny has attached himself to the cohortal office, and if, with his strength broken, he puts forward advanced old age, or under the pretext of disability is judged unsuitable for military work, dragged out from the hiding-places of sloth or by a late investigation he shall be consigned to the functions of the curiae. written
to Peter, the consular of Phoenice, at Damascus, on the day before [the date].

id. mai. constantinopoli gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss. (380 mai.

the Ides of May at Constantinople, Gratian 5 and Theodosius 1, Augusti, consuls. (May 380

14).

CTh.12.1.84

Idem aaa. ad camenium vicarium africae. in nominationibus a singulis quibusque ordinibus celebrandis dudum expressae quantitatis modum eatenus volumus custodiri, ut eorum in duabus, quae concilio adesse debent, partibus numerus derogetur, quos aut obtentus debilitatis alienat aut senectus pigra remoratur aut clericatus obsequia vindicarunt aut crimen desertionis absentat, ut ex reliquo numero duabus tertiis supputandis.

The same Augusti to Camenius, Vicar of Africa. In the nominations to be conducted by each several order, we wish the measure of the quantity formerly prescribed to be observed to this extent: that, among those who ought to be present at the council, a deduction be made in two parts—namely of those whom either the pretext of debility alienates, or sluggish old age delays, or the services of the clericate have claimed, or the charge of desertion keeps away—so that from the remaining number two thirds are to be computed.

proposita karthagine xv kal. mart. syagrio et eucherio conss.

Posted at Carthage on the 15th day before the Kalends of March, in the consulship of Syagrius and Eucherius.

(381 febr. 15).

(February 15, 381).

CTh.12.1.85

Theodosian Code 12.1.85

Idem aaa. eutropio praefecto praetorio. omnes iudices provinciarumque rectores a consuetudine temerariae usurpationis abstineant sciantque neminem omnino principalium aut decurionum sub qualibet culpae aut erroris offensa plumbatarum cruciatibus esse subdendum.

The same emperors to Eutropius, praetorian prefect. all judges and governors of the provinces must abstain from the custom of rash usurpation,
and let them know that absolutely no one of the principales or the decurions, under whatever offense of fault or error, is to be subjected to the torments of lead-weighted scourges.

quod si quis forte iudicum in hanc pertinaciam illiciti furoris eruperit, quod audeat principalem ac decurionem et suae, si sic dici oportet, curiae senatorem plumbatarum ictibus subdere, xx librarum auri illatione multatus et perpetua infamia inustus ne speciali quidem rescripto notem eluere mereatur; et officium quinquaginta librarum auri multam fisco nostro cogetur inferre, quoniam, ut pertinaciae iudicis resistat, liberam eidem contradicendi permittimus facultatem. dat. xii kal.

but if by chance any of the judges should break out into this pertinacity of illicit frenzy, so that he dares to subject a principal and a decurion and, if thus it ought to be said, a senator of his own curia, to the blows of lead‑weighted lashes (plumbatae), having been fined by the imposition of 20 pounds of gold and branded with perpetual infamy, let him not even by a special rescript merit to wash away the mark;
and the office will be compelled to pay into our fisc a fine of fifty pounds of gold, since, in order that it may resist the judge’s pertinacity, we grant to it the free faculty of contradicting him. Given, 12 Kalends.

aug. heracleae eucherio et syagrio conss. (381 iul.

august at heraclea, in the consulship of eucherius and syagrius (381
july.

21).

CTh.12.1.86

The Theodosian Code 12.1.86

Idem aaa. eutropio praefecto praetorio. qui labores curialis officii declinantes per illicitae ambitionis compendia provecti non merito probantur esse, sed pretio, nulla debent ratione defendi, sed functionibus debitis redhiberi.

The same three Augusti to Eutropius, praetorian prefect. Those who, shunning the labors of the curial office, have been advanced through the compendia of illicit ambition, are approved not by merit but by price; they ought in no way to be defended, but to be returned to their due functions.

super eorum autem filiis revocandis nullius dubietatis exstet ambiguum. dat. xii kal.

but as for their sons being recalled, let there be no ambiguity at all. Given on the 12th day before the Kalends.

aug. heracleae eucherio et syagrio conss. (381 iul.

aug., at Heraclea, in the consulship of Eucherius and Syagrius (381, Jul.

21).

CTh.12.1.87

Theodosian Code 12.1.87

Idem aaa. ad florum praefectum praetorio. universos, qui se tam causarum actionibus quam etiam sacramentis militaribus cessantes ac stipendiis manciparunt, ad obsequium sublimitas tua iubeat redire curiale.

the same emperors to Florus, praetorian prefect. Let your Sublimity order all who, keeping aloof both from the actions of causes and even from the military oaths, and who have made themselves over to stipends, to return to curial obedience.

eos vero, quos emptae defensionem praeferre compererit dignitatis, cunctas, quas crediderant subtrahendas, complere praecipiat functiones. dat. iii kal.

But those whom she shall have discovered to be putting forward the defense of a purchased dignity, let her command to complete all the functions which they had believed were to be withdrawn. Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

aug. heracleae eucherio et syagrio conss. (381 iul.

augustus at heraclea, eucherius and syagrius, consuls (381, july.

[?] 30).

CTh.12.1.88

Theodosian Code 12.1.88

Idem aaa. ad syagrium praefectum praetorio. post alia: curiales nisi per quinquennium armata militia vel per xxx annos dignitas palatina defendat, certum est origini esse reddendos, ita ut, servata quinquennii de praeterito condicione et in posterum istiusmodi personis a consortio militiae celsioris exclusis, omnes, qui intra praescriptum tempus inter palatinos habentur seu inter protectores aut domesticos, restituantur suae fortunae.

The same Emperors to Syagrius, praetorian prefect. After other matters: unless curials defend armed military service for a five-year term or palatine dignity for 30 years, it is certain that they are to be returned to their origin, such that, the condition of the five-year term with respect to the past being observed and, for the future, persons of this sort being excluded from the fellowship of higher soldiery, all who within the prescribed time are held among the palatines or among the protectors or domestics are restored to their own estate.

proposita v id. april. karthagine post cons. syagri et eucheri vv. cc. (382 apr.

published on April 9 at Carthage, after the consulship of Syagrius and Eucherius, most distinguished men (382 apr.

9).

CTh.12.1.89pr.

Idem aaa. ad syagrium praefectum praetorio. omnes omnino, quos paterna obsequia municipes fecerunt, resultandi curiae nexibus, quaelibet avorum atque maiorum stemmata referant, licentiam penitus amittant, non minore rectoribus, si hoc concesserint, periculi denuntiatione constrictis. (382

The same Augusti to Syagrius, Praetorian Prefect. Let absolutely all, whom paternal services have made municipes, whatever stemmata of grandfathers and ancestors they may display, utterly lose the license of resiling from the bonds of the curia, with the rectors likewise constrained by a denunciation of no lesser danger if they shall have conceded this. (382

[381] iul. 5).

[381] July 5).

CTh.12.1.89.1

Theodosian Code 12.1.89.1

Veteranorum quoque filios armis inpares seque otio vel debilitate membrorum vel mentis torpore donantes vindicet curiarum necessitas. dat. iii non.

Let the necessity of the curiae also claim the sons of veterans who are unequal to arms and who give themselves over to leisure or to debility of limbs or torpor of mind. given on the 3rd before the Nones.

iul. viminacio post cons. syagri et eucheri vv. cc. (382

July, at Viminacium, after the consulship of Syagrius and Eucherius, most distinguished men (382

[381] iul. 5).

[381] July 5).

CTh.12.1.90

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.90

Idem aaa. proculo comiti orientis. universos, qui ex consulatu divi pii constanti x et iuliani iii hoc enim tempus divorum parentium nostrorum valentiniani et valentis decreta signarunt, ex genere curiali ad senatoriam dignitatem adspirasse constiterit, vel restituendis omnibus functionibus quas debebunt curabis addicere vel, si cunctis functionibus obsecuti sunt, in substituendis quam maxime idoneis obnoxios facere non desistas.

The same Augusti, to Proculus, Count of the East. All persons who, from the consulship of the deified pious Constantius 10 and Julian 3 (for this is the time at which our deified parents Valentinian and Valens signed the decrees), shall be found to have aspired from the curial stock to senatorial dignity, you shall take care either to assign to the restoring of all the functions which they will owe, or, if they have complied with all the functions, do not desist from making them liable in providing substitutes that are as suitable as possible.

dat. viii id. mart. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss.

Dated March 8 at Constantinople, in the consulship of Antonius and Syagrius.

(382 [383?] mart. 8).

(382 [383?] March 8).

CTh.12.1.91

Idem aaa. dario consulari. si qui curiales curia derelicta neque debitas patriae reddiderint functiones nec, cum ipsi discederent, idoneos subrogarunt, ita eos constringi oportet, ut et agenda persolvant et in locum suum idoneos pro publica utilitate constituant.

The same Augusti to Darius, consularis. If any curials, the curia having been abandoned, have neither rendered the functions owed to the fatherland nor, when they themselves departed, have subrogated suitable men , they ought to be constrained thus: that they both pay in full the agenda and, for the public utility, establish suitable persons in their place.

dat. viii id. aug. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss.

dated 6 august at constantinople, in the consulship of antonius and syagrius.

(382 aug. 6).

(382 Aug. 6).

CTh.12.1.92

THEODOSIAN CODE 12.1.92

Idem aaa. floro praefecto praetorio. si quis procurationem facultatum suarum curiali crediderit esse mandandam, totius dignitatis exceptione depulsa patrimonium eius quod crediderat curiali proscriptio fiscalis invadat.

The same Augusti to Florus, Praetorian Prefect. If anyone shall have believed that the procuration of his resources is to be entrusted to a curial, with any exception of rank entirely repelled, let a fiscal proscription seize the patrimony that he had entrusted to a curial.

ille vero, qui immemor libertatis et generis infamissimam suscipiens vilitatem existimationem suam servili obsecundatione damnaverit, deportationis incommodo subiugetur. dat. x kal.

But indeed, he who, forgetful of liberty and of his lineage,
taking upon himself the most infamous vileness, shall have condemned his reputation by servile obsequiousness, let him be subjected to the penalty of deportation. given on the 10th
Kalends.

nov. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss. (382 oct.

nov. at constantinople, in the consulship of antonius and syagrius. (382 oct.

23).

CTh.12.1.93

Theodosian Code 12.1.93

Idem aaa. clearcho praefecto praetorio. cuncti, qui ex decurionibus senatorum se splendori et collegio miscuerunt, eorumque omnis suboles, vel quae prius edita est vel quae postmodum docetur esse suscepta, remittatur ad curiam.

The same Emperors to Clearchus, Praetorian Prefect. All who, from among the decurions, have mingled themselves with the splendor and college of the senators, and all
their offspring, whether that which was previously brought forth or that which is shown to have been afterwards accepted, shall be sent back to the curia.

dat. vii kal. dec.

dated November 25.

antonio et syagrio conss. (382 nov. 25).

in the consulship of Antonius and Syagrius
(382 Nov. 25).

CTh.12.1.94

Idem aaa. constantiano vicario dioeceseos ponticae. universos, quos per furtivam militiam et fraudes varias dignitatum obsequia civitatum gravitas tua compererit refugisse ac per ambitum honoris indebiti necessarium patriae ministerium denegasse, ad collegium ordinum et consortium functionum amota revocare dilatione contendat neque eos sub excusatione alicuius officii vel honoris permittat evagari.

The same emperors, to Constantianus, vicar of the Pontic diocese. Let Your Gravity strive to recall, with delay removed, to the college of the orders and the consortium of functions all those whom it shall have discovered to have taken refuge from the services of the dignities of the cities through furtive military service and various frauds, and through the canvassing (ambitus) for an unowed honor to have denied the necessary service of the fatherland, and let it not permit them to roam under the excuse of any office or honor.

qui tunc demum libero poterunt honore gaudere, si universis muneribus nominationibusque completis absolutam possidere coeperint dignitatem. dat. prid.

who then at last will be able to rejoice in free honor, if, with all munera and nominations completed, they shall have begun to possess absolute dignity. Given the day before.

kal. feb. constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss.

on the Kalends of February, at Constantinople, Merobaudes 2 and Saturninus, consuls.

(383 ian. 31).

(383 jan. 31).

CTh.12.1.95

Codex Theodosianus12.1.95

Idem aaa. ad eusignium proconsulem africae. viri ordinibus nati ad militiae non debent sacramenta confugere.

The same Augusti to Eusignius, proconsul of Africa. Men born to the orders ought not to take refuge in the oaths of military service.

post xv vero stipendia vinculo prioris ordinis liberetur, qui se tribus lustris adsidue militasse et neque bellicis necessitatibus neque muneribus militaribus ostenderit defuisse. dat. iiii kal.

but after 15 stipendia,
let him be freed from the bond of his former order, who has shown that he has served continuously for three lustrums and that he has not been lacking either in the necessities of war or in military duties. Given on the 4th day before the Kalends.

mart. mediolano merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 febr.

march. at milan, merobaudes 2 and saturninus, consuls. (383 febr.

26).

CTh.12.1.96pr.

Theodosian Code 12.1.96 preface.

Idem aaa. floro praefecto praetorio. concessum curialibus provinciae mysiae, ut, si quos e plebe idoneos habent, ad decurionatus munia devocent, ne personae famulantium facultate locupletes onera, pro quibus patrimonia requiruntur, obscuritate nominis vilioris evadant.

The same, our lords, to Florus, praetorian prefect. It has been granted to the curiales of the province of Mysia that, if they have any suitable among the plebs, they may summon them to the duties of the decurionate, lest persons of those who serve, wealthy in resources, escape the burdens—for which patrimonies are required—by the obscurity of a meaner name.

(383 mart. 5).

(March 5, 383).

CTh.12.1.96.1

In quorum desiderio etiam istud adiectum est, ut originales, qui ad diversa provinciarum officia confugerunt, ex divi iuliani tempore ad curiales functiones sublata omni ambiguitate retrahantur. dat. iii non.

At whose request this also has been added, that the originales, who have fled for refuge to the various provincial offices, from the time of the deified Julian are to be drawn back to curial functions, with all ambiguity removed. Given 3 Nones.

mart. constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 mart.

Mar. at constantinople merobaudes 2 and saturninus, consuls. (383 Mar.

5).

CTh.12.1.97

Theodosian Code 12.1.97

Idem aaa. cynegio comiti sacrarum largitionum. scias excepta dioecesi aegyptiaca ubique servandum esse, ne usquam penitus in susceptionem vel minimi vectigalis decurio conductor accedat, sed eorum professionibus et personis omnis haec diversarum locationum summa credatur, qui ad exhibendam publicis rationibus fidem periculo et fortunae coguntur et vitae.

The same emperors to Cynegius, Count of the Sacred Largesses. Know that, with the Egyptian diocese excepted, it is to be observed everywhere, that nowhere at all shall a decurion or a contractor accede to the undertaking of even the least impost, but to the professions and persons of those the whole sum of the various lettings is to be entrusted, who are compelled, for exhibiting fidelity to the public accounts, to hazard their fortune and even their life.

dat. viii id. mar. constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss.

dated march 8 at constantinople
in the consulship of merobaudes 2 and saturninus.

(383 mart. 8).

(383 Mar. 8).

CTh.12.1.98

Theodosian Code 12.1.98

Idem aaa. postumiano praefecto praetorio. in muneribus peragendis, si qua soluta ante non fuerant, vel in substituendis idoneis, ne quid patriae perisse videatur, vel in filiis retinendis priorum praecepta principum sublimitas tua custodiat.

The same Augusti to Postumianus, praetorian prefect. In the performance of the munera, if any had not previously been discharged, or in substituting suitable persons, lest anything seem to have been lost to the fatherland, or in retaining the sons, let Your Sublimity keep the precepts of the former princes.

eos quoque, qui advocationis obtentu curialia onera declinant, agere universa compellat, quae etsi necessitas non exigit, tamen patria non remittit. ipsos quin etiam filios magistrorum, qui ex curiali stirpe descendunt, simili modo obnoxios esse decernat. dat.

let him also compel those who under the pretext of advocation
decline curial burdens to perform everything which, although necessity does not demand it, nevertheless the fatherland does not remit. nay, even those very
sons of the magistri, who descend from curial stock, let him decree to be similarly liable. given.

viii id. april. constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 apr.

April 6. At Constantinople, in the consulship of Merobaudes for the second time and Saturninus, consuls.
(383 Apr.

6).

CTh.12.1.99

Idem aaa. ad hypatium praefectum praetorio. post alia: iussio, qua sibi iudaeae legis homines blandiuntur, per quam eis curialium munerum datur immunitas, rescindatur, cum ne clericis quidem liberum sit prius se divinis minsteriis mancipare, quam patriae debita universa persolvant.

The same Augusti to Hypatius, Praetorian Prefect. after other matters: let the order, by which men of the Judaean law flatter themselves, through which an immunity from curial duties is granted to them, be rescinded, since not even clerics are free to devote themselves to the divine ministries before they discharge in full all that is owed to their fatherland.

quisquis igitur vere deo dicatus est, alium instructum facultatibus suis ad munera pro se complenda constituat. dat. xiiii kal.

Whoever, therefore, is truly dedicated to God, let him appoint another, equipped with his own resources, to have the public burdens discharged in his stead. Given on the 14th day before the Kalends.

mai. mediolano merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 apr.

may. at milan merobaudes 2 and saturninus, consuls. (383 apr.

18).

CTh.12.1.100

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.100

Idem aaa. ad hypatium praefectum praetorio. omnes, qui ex origine curialium se diversis gradibus inseruere militiae, reddi propriis ordinibus oportebit, exceptis his, quibus legis vetustae, quae certum numerum stipendiorum vel palatinae militiae viris statuit, opitulatur auctoritas.

The same Augusti to Hypatius, Praetorian Prefect. all who, from curial origin, have inserted themselves into the military in diverse grades must be returned to their own orders, except those whom the authority of the ancient law assists, which set a fixed number of terms of service, or for the men of the Palatine militia.

dat. xiii kal. mai.

dated April 19.

mediolano merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 apr. 19).

at milan, merobaudes 2 and saturninus, consuls. (383 apr. 19).

CTh.12.1.101

Theodosian Code 12.1.101

Idem aaa. ad basilium comitem sacrarum largitionum. exemplo senatorii ordinis patris originem municeps unusquisque sequatur.

The same Augusti to Basil, Count of the Sacred Largesses. After the example of the senatorial order, let each municipal citizen follow the origin of his father.

nec valeant specialiter delata rescripta, si quis se matris origine defendens a maiore curia ad minorem transferri fortasse promeruerit, neque ulla pro more provinciae referri sinatur exceptio. dat. xvi kal.

nor let specially conferred rescripts be valid, if anyone, defending himself by his mother’s origin, has perhaps deserved to be transferred from a greater curia to a lesser, nor let any exception be allowed to be entered according to the custom of the province. Given on the 16 day before the Kalends.

iul. romae merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 iun.

jul. at rome merobaudes 2 and saturninus consuls. (383 jun.

16).

CTh.12.1.102

Theodosian Code 12.1.102

Idem aaa. postumiano ii praefecto praetorio. quotienscumque se ex rescriptis nostris aliquid impetrasse contendent ii, quos obnoxios curiae vel origo fecerit vel latum inter partes iudicium designarit, nullam prorsus spem curias declinandi ex colore sacrae iussionis accipiant.

Likewise, the same Augusti. To Postumianus, Praetorian Prefect, for the 2nd time. Whenever those whom either origin has made liable to the curia, or a judgment delivered between the parties has designated, contend that they have obtained something from our rescripts, let them receive no hope whatsoever of avoiding the curiae under the color of the sacred command.

dat. xiiii kal. aug.

given on the 14th day before the kalends of august (july 19).

constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 iul. 19).

at Constantinople, Merobaudes 2 and Saturninus, consuls. (383 July 19).

CTh.12.1.103

Idem aaa. ad proculum comitem orientis. voluntate propria unusquisque syriarchiae munus suscipere debet, non necessitate imposita.

The same Augusti to Proculus, count of the East. By his own proper will each person ought to undertake the office of the Syriarchy, not by imposed necessity.

dat. vi kal. aug.

Given on the 6th day before the Kalends of August (July 27).

salamariae merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 iul. 27).

at Salmaria, under the consuls Merobaudes 2 and Saturninus. (383 july 27).

CTh.12.1.104

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.104

Idem aaa. postumiano praefecto praetorio. curiales, qui ecclesiis malunt servire quam curiis, si volunt esse quod simulant, contemnant illa, quae subtrahunt.

The same emperors to Postumianus, praetorian prefect. The curiales, who prefer to serve churches rather than the curiae, if they wish to be what they pretend, let them spurn those things which they are withholding.

nec enim eos aliter nisi contemptis patrimoniis liberamus. quippe animos divina observatione devinctos non decet patrimoniorum desideriis occupari. dat.

nor indeed do we free them otherwise, unless with patrimonies despised. for it is not fitting that minds bound by divine observance be occupied with desires for patrimonies. given.

vii id. nov. constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 nov.

the 7th day before the Ides of November, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Merobaudes 2 and Saturninus. (383 nov.

7).

CTh.12.1.105

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. ob penuriam edessenorum municipum divi parentes nostri statuerunt, ut officii praesidis osdroenae provinciae principum liberi, si singuli essent, memoratae civitatis curialibus iungerentur, sin vero bini, divisa fecunditate singuli militiae, singuli vero curiae necterentur.

The same Augusti to Cynegius, praetorian prefect. On account of the penury of the municipes of the Edessenes our deified parents decreed that the children of the principals of the officium of the governor of the province of Osroene, if they were single, should be joined to the curiales of the aforesaid city, but if there were two, with the fecundity divided, let one be bound to the militia, and one to the curia.

quod cum ita sit, iubemus et praesenti lege et superiore servata, ut omnes omnino, qui ordine militiae ad principatum venturi sunt vel venisse monstrantur, etiamsi aliqua calliditatis arte se a principatus munere putaverint subtrahendos, memoratae curiae suos liberos tradant dividantque cum edessena civitate subolem rei publicae profuturam. hi quoque, qui iam contra legem ante principatum patrum quibuslibet sacramentis innexi sunt, retracti memoratae curiae congregentur. dat.

Since this is so, we order, the present law and the earlier one being observed, that absolutely all who by the order of the militia are going to come to the principatus or are shown to have come, even if by some artifice of callidity they have supposed that they should be withdrawn from the duty of the principatus, hand over their own children to the aforementioned curia and divide their offspring with the Edessene city, to profit the res publica.
Let those also, who already, contrary to law, before their fathers’ principatus have been bound by any sacraments (oaths), be brought back and assembled to the aforementioned curia. given.

prid. non. mai.

the day before the Nones of May (May 6)

constantinopoli richomere et clearcho conss. (384 mai. 6).

At Constantinople, Richomer and Clearchus, consuls. (384 May. 6).

CTh.12.1.106

Theodosian Code 12.1.106

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. curiales quicumque perfuncti provincialibus dignitatibus fuerint, ad persolvenda ea, quae debent patriae, detinentur.

The same Augusti to Cynegius, Praetorian Prefect. Curiales, whoever shall have performed provincial dignities, are held to pay off those things which they owe to their fatherland.

dat. viii id. iul. heracleae richomere et clearcho conss.

dated on the 8th day before the Ides of July at Heraclea, in the consulship of Richomer and Clearchus.

(384 iul. 8).

(July 8, 384).

CTh.12.1.107

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. quicumque heres curiali vel legitimus vel electus testamento graduve successerit quique fideicommissarius aut legatarius eiusdem arbitrio morientis exstiterit vel si quem liberalitas locupletaverit forte viventis, quos a curiae nexu condicio solet dirimere, sciant pecuniariis descriptionibus pro ea tantum parte patrimonii, in quam quisque successit ad denarismum sive uncias sese auctoris sui nomine retinendum.

the same augusti to cynegius, praetorian prefect. whoever has succeeded as heir to a curial, whether legitimate or chosen by testament or by degree, and whoever has stood as a fideicommissary or legatee by the judgment of the same person dying, or if the liberality of someone living has perchance enriched anyone, persons whom their condition is wont to sever from the bond of the curia, let them know that, in pecuniary registrations, only for that part of the patrimony into which each has succeeded, down to the denarius or to the ounces, they are to be retained under their predecessor’s name.

dat. prid. kal.

given on the day before the Kalends.

sept. veronae richomere et clearcho conss. (384 aug.

Sept., at Verona, with Richomer and Clearchus as consuls. (384 Aug.

31).

CTh.12.1.108

Theodosian Code 12.1.108

Idem aaa. ad cynegium praefectum praetorio. ne quis officialium curiae poenae specie atque aestimatione dedatur, nisi si quis forte curiam defugiens ob hoc coeperit militare, ne ingenitis fungatur officiis.

The same Emperors, to Cynegius, Praetorian Prefect. Let no one of the officials of the curia be handed over under the guise of a penalty and an assessment, unless perhaps someone, fleeing the curia, has for this reason begun to serve in the army, in order not to perform the duties inherent by birth.

omnes itaque omnino iudices tuae censurae subditos admonebis, ne quis aestimet curiae loco supplicii quemquam deputandum, cum utique unumquemque criminosum non dignitas debeat, sed poena comitari. dat. viii id. nov.

Therefore you will admonish absolutely all judges subject to your censure, that no one reckon anyone to be deputed to the curia in the place of punishment, since assuredly each criminal ought to be accompanied not by dignity, but by penalty. Given on November 6.

constantinopoli richomere et clearcho conss. (384 nov. 6).

at constantinople richomer and clearchus, consuls. (384 nov. 6).

CTh.12.1.109

Theodosian Code 12.1.109

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. nec cogi ad agonothesiam volumus invitos et ad eum statum cuncta referenda sunt, in quo inveniuntur.

The same Augusti to Cynegius, praetorian prefect. Nor do we wish the unwilling to be compelled to the agonothesia, and all things are to be referred to that status in which
they are found.

atque ideo curiales, qui universa persolverint nihilque iam vel ex honoribus reliquum habeant, quod debere videantur, dumtaxat huius ac similium pro qualitate generis functionum, postquam patriae cuncta reddiderint quae publica poscit utilitas, etsi praesentare forsitan nolunt, tamen propter personarum condicionem praestare cogendi sunt, ut concessa sibi generaliter atque in perpetuum ex comitibus dignitate laetentur, osculum quoque his in provincia iudicantum et consessus indultus sit. dat. vi kal.

and therefore the curials, who shall have paid in full everything and now have nothing left even from honors which they might seem to owe, at least as to this and similar functions according to the quality of the kind, after they shall have rendered to the fatherland all that the public utility demands, even if perhaps they are unwilling to present, nevertheless, on account of the condition of their persons, are to be compelled to perform, so that they may rejoice in the dignity of Counts granted to them generally and in perpetuity; and let the kiss also, and a joint seating with the judges in the province, be granted to them. given on the 6th day before the Kalends.

mai. arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 apr.

may. when arcadius, augustus for the 1st time, and bauto were consuls. (385 apr.)

26).

CTh.12.1.110

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.110

Idem aaa. ad neoterium praefectum praetorio. universos municipes sibimet debitos ordo aput proprium repetat cognitorem, si quidem nullum magis uniuscuiusque forum competens poterit appellari quam patriae.

the same augusti to neoterius, praetorian prefect. let the curial order seek before its own judge all municipal citizens indebted to itself, since indeed no forum more competent for each person can be called than that of his native land.

si quis tamen provinciam rexerit curialis, aditum sibi interclusum senatoriae dignitatis intellegat, nisi patriae quidquid debet ante dissolverit. et ne colludio forte municipum quae sunt iussa frustrentur, sciant singularum ordines civitatum xxx libras auri se esse multandos, nisi ad reposcendos proprios sedulis institerint querellis. dat.

If, however, a curial shall have governed a province, let him understand that access to senatorial dignity is shut off to him, unless he shall first have discharged whatever he owes to his patria. And lest by possible collusion of the municipes the things that have been ordered be frustrated, let the councils of each city know that they are to be fined 30 pounds of gold, unless they have assiduously pressed with complaints to demand back their own. Given.

v kal. iun. mediolano arcadio a. i et bautone conss.

5 days before the Kalends of June, at Milan, under the consuls Arcadius (1st) and Bauto.

(385 mai. 28).

(385 May 28).

CTh.12.1.111

Theodosian Code 12.1.111

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. nemo prorsus curialium substituto filio vel quolibet alio deserendorum munerum patriae habeat facultatem, sed unusquisque, qui relicto in aliqua civitate vel filio vel vicario ordini se implicat senatorio, tam suis quam subrogati muneribus obligatus sub specie munerum publicorum enormia utrubique cogatur patrimonii subire dispendia.

the same augusti to cynegius, praetorian prefect. let absolutely none of the curials have the capacity, with a son or anyone else substituted, to desert the fatherland’s munera, but let each person who, with either a son or a vicar left behind in some city, entangles himself with the senatorial order, being bound both to his own munera and to those of the subrogated person, be compelled, under the guise of public munera, to undergo enormous losses of patrimony on both sides.

dat. prid. kal.

dated the day before the Kalends.

mai. constantinopoli honorio n. p. et evodio conss. (386 apr.

may. at constantinople honorius, most noble youth, and evodius, consuls. (386 apr.

30).

CTh.12.1.112

Theodosian Code 12.1.112

Idem aaa. florentio praefecto augustali. in consequenda archierosyne ille sit potior, qui patriae plura praestiterit nec tamen a templorum cultu observatione christianitatis abscesserit.

The same Emperors to Florentius, the Augustal Prefect. In obtaining the high priesthood (archierosyne), let that man be preferred who has rendered more to the fatherland and yet, from the cult of the temples
has not withdrawn from the observance of Christianity.

quippe indecorum est, immo ut verius dicamus, illicitum ad eorum curam templa et templorum sollemnia pertinere, quorum conscientiam vera ratio divinae religionis imbuerit et quos ipsos decebat tale munus, etiamsi non prohiberentur, effugere. emissa xvi kal. iul.

for indeed it is indecorous—nay, to speak more truly, illicit—that the care of temples and
the solemnities of temples pertain to those whose conscience the true rationale of divine religion has imbued, and whom it was fitting that they themselves should shun such a duty, even if they were not
forbidden. issued on the 16th day before the Kalends of July.

constantinopoli honorio n. p. et evodio conss. (386 iun. 16).

at Constantinople Honorius n.p. and Evodius, consuls. (386 June 16).

CTh.12.1.113

Theodosian Code 12.1.113

Idem aaa. universis comitibus et magistris equitum et peditum. admonitis viris clarissimis ducibus tribunis praepositis cunctos transfugas statuat illustris magnificentia vestra ad originem pristinam revocari, seu qui diversis officiis dedicati seu qui sacramentis militaribus mancipati sunt.

The same Emperors Augusti to all counts and to the masters of cavalry and infantry. after the most illustrious men—the duces, tribunes, and praepositi—have been admonished, let Your Illustrious Magnificence decree that all deserters
be recalled to their former origin, whether those who are dedicated to various offices or those who are bound by the military sacraments,
be they mancipated.

nemo se annositate tueatur, nemo, si tamen eius pater aut avus decuriones fuerunt, factum suum incongrua usurpatione defendat. ordines quoque meminerint se condemnationi obnoxios et periculo, si quibuscumque in locis reppertos non, etiam renitentes ac repugnantes, huius statuti auctoritate reddiderint. dat.

Let no one protect himself by the lapse of years; let no one, if nevertheless his father or grandfather were decurions, defend his deed by an incongruous usurpation. Let the orders also remember themselves liable to condemnation and peril, if, wherever found, they do not hand them back, even though resisting and opposing, by the authority of this statute. Given.

iii non. sept. valentiae honorio n. p. et evodio conss.

September 3, at Valentia, under the consuls Honorius (Most Noble Boy) and Evodius.

(386 sept. 3).

(September 3, 386).

CTh.12.1.114

Theodosian Code 12.1.114

Idem aaa. ad eusignium praefectum praetorio. curiales, qui sese privilegio domus nostrae defendi posse crediderint, ad curiam retrahantur et propriis functionibus mancipentur et publica damna sarciant.

The same Augusti, to eusignius, praetorian prefect. Curials who shall have believed that they could be defended by the privilege of our house shall be brought back to the curia and be bound to their own functions and shall repair the public damages.

tamen si quis ex his domui divinae detectus fuerit quippiam debere, exsolvat. dat. viii kal.

nevertheless, if anyone of these shall have been detected as owing anything to the divine house, let him pay it. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

ian. honorio n. p. et evodio conss. (386 dec.

jan. under Honorius, most noble youth, and Evodius, consuls (386 dec.

25).

CTh.12.1.115

Theodosian Code 12.1.115

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. clerici ad curiam pertinentes sciant ex patrimonio suo, si ipsi immunes cupiunt permanere, alios idoneos esse faciendos, qui recedentum praesentiam personamque restituant in publicis muneribus subeundis.

The same Augusti. To Cynegius, praetorian prefect. Let clerics pertaining to the curia know that, from their own patrimony, if they themselves desire to remain immune, they must make suitable others,
who will restore the presence and person of those withdrawing for the undergoing of public munera.

dat. prid. kal.

dated, on the day before the Kalends.

ian. constantinopoli honorio n. p. et evodio conss. (386 dec.

jan. at constantinople honorius, most noble boy, and evodius, consuls. (386 dec.

31).

CTh.12.1.116

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valentinianus, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to cynegius, praetorian prefect.

omnes, qui ex origine decurionum ad perorandas causas laudum atque industriae amore ducuntur, reddant patriae, cui nati sunt, debitas functiones nec sese superflui nominis praerogativa defendant, quando quidem facilius parere muniis possint, si necessitatem publicam eo tempore, quo student causis, industriae favore toleraverint. dat. vi kal.

All, who from the stock of the decurions are led to plead causes by love of lauds and of industry, shall render to the fatherland, in which they were born, the functions owed, nor let them defend themselves by the prerogative of a superfluous name, since indeed they can more easily obey the munia (duties), if they have borne the public necessity, at the time when they apply themselves to causes, with the favor of industry. Given on the 6th day before the Kalends.

april. constantinopoli valentiniano a. iii et eutropio conss. (387 mart.

april. at constantinople, under valentinian, augustus, for the 3rd time, and eutropius, consuls. (387 march.

27).

CTh.12.1.117

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. quilibet principalium vel decurionum vel decoctor pecuniae publicae vel fraudulentus in adscriptionibus illicitis vel inmoderatus in exactione fuerit inventus, iuxta pristinam consuetudinem non solum a vobis, quibus propter loci dignitatem rerum summa commissa est, verum a iudicibus ordinariis plumbatarum ictibus subiciatur.

The same Augusti to Cynegius, praetorian prefect. If anyone of the principales or the decurions or a defaulter of public money or one fraudulent in
illicit adscriptions or immoderate in exaction shall be found, according to the pristine custom let him be subjected to the blows of plumbatae not only by you, to whom, on account of the dignity of the place, the sum of affairs has been entrusted, but also by the ordinary judges.

dat. pridie kal. april.

dated the day before the Kalends of April.

constantinopoli valentiniano a. iii et eutropio conss. (387 mart. 31).

At Constantinople, in the consulship of Valentinian Augustus for the 3rd time and of Eutropius, consuls. (387 March 31).

CTh.12.1.118pr.

CTh.12.1.118pref.

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. decurio fortunam, quam nascendo meruit, suffragiis atque ambitione non mutet, et si vacare per senectutem potuerit, propter ordinationem, quae per plurimos cito definiri solet, curiam non relinquat.

The same emperors, to Cynegius, praetorian prefect. Let a decurion not change, by suffrages and ambition, the fortune which he merited by being born; and even if he could be exempt by
old age, on account of an ordination, which is wont to be quickly defined by the very many, let him not abandon the curia.

(387 iul. 6).

(387 July 6).

CTh.12.1.118.1

Illud vero iterata lege praecipimus, ne in locum proprium homo curialis filium suum substituat et ipse otiosus defendatur senatorii nominis dignitate. si quis vero ad indebitum honorem posthac adspirare ausus fuerit, auctoritate ordinarii iudicis remotus patriae reddatur et civibus. dat.

We indeed by a reiterated law command that a curial man not substitute his son into his own proper place, and that he himself, idle, be defended by the dignity of the senatorial name. If anyone hereafter shall have dared to aspire to an undue honor, let him, by the authority of the ordinary judge, be removed and returned to his fatherland and his fellow citizens. given.

prid. non. iul.

the day before the Nones of July (July 6).

constantinopoli valentiniano a. iii et eutropio conss. (387 iul. 6).

At Constantinople, Valentinian, Augustus for the 3rd time, and Eutropius, consuls (387 July 6).

CTh.12.1.119

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.119

Idem aaa. tatiano praefecto praetorio. claudiopolis, prusiadis ac tottai et doridis oppidorum sive mansionum per bithyniam curiales publicis illudere functionibus per suam fugam cognovimus iubemusque, ut edictis primitus evocati utilitatibus se patriae et ei cui nati sunt restituant civitati.

Likewise, the same Augusti, to Tatianus, Praetorian Prefect. The curials of the towns or way-stations of Claudiopolis, of Prusias, and of Totta and of Doris throughout Bithynia we have learned are mocking the public functions by their own flight; and we order that, first summoned by edicts, they restore themselves to the utilities of their fatherland and to the city to which they were born.

quod si etiam post publicam admonitionem fugae et indevotionis vita praefertur, tunc ex idoneis quibusque corporibus ac potissimum ex his, qui in sublimitatis tuae officio probatam militiam peregerunt, in locum fugacium subrogentur, ita ut, quorum subeunt necessitates, et patrimonia consequantur, illis, qui sponte patriam reliquerunt, id necessitatis habituris, ut perpetuo careant cui nihil commodi contulerunt. dat. xi kal.

But if even after public admonition a life of flight and of undevotion is preferred, then from any suitable bodies, and especially from those who have completed a proven militia in the office of Your Sublimity, let men be subrogated in place of the fugitives, in such a way that they also obtain the patrimonies of those whose obligations they assume, while those who of their own accord abandoned their fatherland shall have this as a necessity: that they be perpetually without that to which they contributed nothing of benefit. Given on the 11th day before the Kalends.

iul. scupis theodosio a. ii et cynegio conss. (388 iun.

jul. at scupi, when theodosius augustus 2 and cynegius were consuls. (388 jun.

21).

CTh.12.1.120

Theodosian Code 12.1.120

Idem aaa. tatiano praefecto praetorio. universos, qui ad indebitam militiam similiter adspirarunt, datis litteris ad illustrem virum magistrum officiorum, comitem sacrarum ac privatarum, solutos militia ordinibus propriis atque officiis iussimus subrogari.

The same Augusti to Tatianus, Prefect of the Praetorium. We have ordered that all who likewise have aspired to undue military service, letters having been given to the illustrious man the Master of the Offices, Count of the Sacred and the Private [Domains], be released from the soldiery and be assigned in substitution to their proper orders and offices.

dat. xvi kal. ian.

dated 16 days before the Kalends of January.

mediolano timasio et promoto conss. (389 dec. 17).

at Milan, in the consulship of Timasius and Promotus (389 dec. 17).

CTh.12.1.121

Theodosian Code 12.1.121

Idem aaa. tatiano praefecto praetorio. qui ante secundum consulatum mansuetudinis meae ex ordine curiali vel presbyteri fastigium vel ministerium diaconi vel exorcistae suscepit officium, omne eius patrimonium immune a curialibus nexibus habeatur ac liberum.

The same Augusti, to Tatianus, praetorian prefect. Whoever before the second consulship of my Mildness, from the curial order, has assumed either the presbyter’s eminence or the ministry of deacon or the office of exorcist, let all his patrimony be held immune from curial bonds and free.

is vero, qui se ad religiosa divini cultus obsequia quocumque sub nomine post memorati consulatus tempora praescripta contulerit, omni sciat cedendum esse patrimonio. dat. xv kal.

as for him, indeed,
who has betaken himself to the religious services of divine cult under whatever name after the prescribed times of the aforementioned consulship, let him know
that his entire patrimony must be ceded. given on the 15 kalends.

iul. mediolano valentiniano a. iiii et neoterio conss. (390 iun.

jul. at milan valentinian aug. 4 and neoterius consuls. (390 jun.

17).

CTh.12.1.122

Idem aaa. tatiano praefecto praetorio. ii quibus detulimus splendidos magistratus quosque etiam ornavimus insignibus dignitatum, si non habent curiam, cui aut necessitudinis foedere aut nexu sanguinis teneantur, in splendidissimum ordinem senatorium et illam nobilissimam curiam cooptentur.

The same Augusti to Tatianus, Praetorian Prefect. Those to whom we have conferred splendid magistracies and whom also we have adorned with the insignia of dignities, if they do not
have a curia, to which they are held either by the bond of relationship or by the nexus of blood, into the most splendid
senatorial order and that most noble curia let them be co-opted.

is vero ratio diversa sit, qui statim ut nati sunt, curiales esse coeperint. ii namque praerogativa quidem concessae dignitatis utantur atque eos praestiti honoris splendor exornet, sed maneant in sinu patriae et veluti dicati infulis mysterium perenne custodiant; sit illis piaculum inde discedere. de filiis vero eorum ut in avitis curiis debeant permanere, adfatim cautum est, cum adempta sit patribus licentia discedendi.

But let the rule be different for those who, as soon as they were born, began to be curials. For let them indeed enjoy the prerogative of the dignity granted, and let the splendor of the honor already conferred adorn them; but let them remain in the bosom of their fatherland and, as if dedicated with infulae, let them guard the perennial mystery; let it be a sacrilege for them to depart from there. As for their sons, that they ought to remain in their ancestral curiae has been amply provided, since the license of departing has been taken away from the fathers.

dat. iiii non. sept.

dated on September 2.

veronae valentiniano a. iiii et neoterio conss. (390 sept. 2).

at Verona, under Valentinian, A. 4, and Neoterius, consuls. (390 Sept. 2).

CTh.12.1.123pr.

CTh.12.1.123 preface.

Idem aaa. ad tatianum praefectum praetorio. dudum super his, qui relicta curia vel senatoriam dignitatem adepti sunt vel christianitatis obtentu curialium se consortio separarunt, evidens sanctionum nostrarum processit auctoritas, ut, si eorum personas vel honor vel religio defenderet, quod ex curiali substantia vel ipsi retinerent vel in alios transtulissent, obnoxium publicis descriptionibus haberetur.

The same Augusti to Tatianus, Prefect of the Praetorium. Some time ago, concerning those who, having left the curia, either have obtained senatorial dignity or, under the pretext of Christianity,
have separated themselves from the fellowship of the curials, the manifest authority of our sanctions issued forth, that, if either rank or religion should defend their persons,
whatever out of curial substance they either retained themselves or had transferred to others should be held liable to public assessments.

(391 iul. 28).

(391 July 28).

CTh.12.1.123.1

Theodosian Code 12.1.123.1

Evidens etiam praecepto nostro tempus expressum est, ex quo consulatu, si qui de curialibus ad ecclesiam confugissent, omni scirent patrimonio curiae esse cedendum. (391 iul. 28).

It is also evident that, by our precept, the time has been specified, from which consulship, if any of the curiales had taken refuge to the church, they should know that all their patrimony must be ceded to the curia.
(391 Jul. 28).

CTh.12.1.123.2

Quidquid ex substantia curialium ad unumquemque diversa largiendi occasione pervenerit, denarismo vel unciis habeatur obnoxium in ea parte, in qua auctoris sui nomine fuerat retentatum. (391 iul. 28).

Whatever from the substance of the curials shall have come to each person on the occasion of diverse largess, let it be held subject to the denarius or to ounces in that
part in which it had been retained under the donor’s name. (391 July 28).

CTh.12.1.123.3

Eos vero, qui honores aliquos consecuti naturale nomen dignitate mutarunt, his etiam post honorem muneribus obligamus, quibus debitores patriae monstrabuntur. (391 iul. 28).

Those indeed who, having obtained some honors, have changed their natural name by a dignity, we likewise bind these also, even after the honor, to the public burdens, by which they will be shown as debtors to their fatherland. (391 July 28).

CTh.12.1.123.4

Super filiis autem eorum evidens sanctionis definitio est, quae, cum patres patria non concedat excedere, non potest filios curiae muneribus liberare. (391 iul. 28).

But as to their sons, there is a clear definition of the sanction, which, since it does not concede that the fathers depart from the fatherland, cannot liberate the sons from the curia’s munera. (391 July 28).

CTh.12.1.123.5

Si qui autem divino cultu occupati et sacrosanctis mysteriis servientes legitima filiorum successione nituntur, si nullum filii eorum adhuc in ecclesia locum tenent vel his, quae per leges comprehensa sunt, non defendantur officiis, hos cum patrum facultatibus curiae inservire decernimus. (391 iul. 28).

If any who are occupied with divine cult and serving the sacrosanct mysteries rely upon the legitimate succession of sons, if none of their sons as yet hold a place in the Church or are not defended by the offices which are encompassed by the laws, we decree that these serve the curia together with their fathers’ resources. (391 July 28).

CTh.12.1.123.6

Vacuas vero et inanes sine naturali successione fortunas, ut evidenter expressimus, sibi curia vindicabit, habitura solacium facultatem, cui desit in functionibus numerus personarum. dat. v kal.

Truly, vacant and empty fortunes without natural succession, as we have clearly expressed, the curia will claim for itself, having as solace the faculty, for which the number of persons is lacking in the functions. given on the 5 Kalends.

aug. constantinopoli tatiano et symmacho conss. (391 iul.

aug. at constantinople tatianus and symmachus consuls. (391 jul.

28).

CTh.12.1.124 [=brev.12.1.7]

Theodosian Code 12.1.124 [= Breviary 12.1.7]

Imppp. theodos., arcad. et honor.

the emperors theodosius, arcadius, and honorius.

aaa. philoxeno vicario thraciarum. si quis filiam decurionis vel principalis suo iunctam consortio nullis exstantibus liberis fatali sorte perdiderit, atque eius ultimo hereditatem fuerit adeptus arbitrio, si ab omnibus alienus officiis est et nullis, quibus merito excusari possit, privilegiis adiuvatur, eius mox civitatis curiae mancipetur, in qua antea, uxore vivente, sine rerum dominio et proprietate, liber, curiae obnoxias facultates heres coeperit uxoris possidere.

the emperors to philoxenus, vicar of the thracias. if anyone has lost, by fatal lot, a daughter of a decurion or of a principalis joined to his consortium, with no children existing, and has obtained the inheritance by her last will, if he is a stranger to all offices and is aided by no privileges by which he could deservedly be excused, let him at once be made over to the curia of that city, in which previously, while the wife was living, free and without dominion and ownership of the goods, he has begun, as heir of his wife, to possess resources liable to the curia.

dat. iii. non.

dated on the 3rd before the Nones.

april. constantinopoli, arcadio a. ii. et rufino coss.

april. at constantinople, when arcadius augustus (2) and rufinus
were consuls.

interpretatio. si quis filiam curialis acceperit uxorem, et haec ipsa in coniugio eius mortua fuerit, et omnia ad maritum, quaecumque* supra dicta videbatur possidere, testamenti voluntate pervenerint, omnibus curiae necessitatibus maritus ille, qui heres est, teneatur obnoxius

interpretation. if anyone shall have taken the daughter of a curial as wife, and this same woman shall have died in his conjugal union, and all things to the husband, whatever* she seemed to possess as aforesaid, shall have come by the will of the testament, that husband, who is the heir, shall be held liable, subject to all the necessities of the curia

CTh.12.1.125

Idem aaa. victorio proconsuli asiae. submoto privilegio militari, quo sibi actuarii blandiuntur, eum, qui evidenter ostenditur curiali patre genitus, mox necessariis atque origini suae debitis functionibus mancipari praecipimus.

The same Augusti, to Victor, proconsul of Asia. with the military privilege removed, by which the actuarii flatter themselves, we order that the man who is evidently shown to have been begotten by a curial father be forthwith delivered over to the necessary functions and the duties owed to his own origin.

dat. viii kal. mai.

dated the 8th day before the kalends of may.

constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss. (392 apr. 24).

At Constantinople, Arcadius Augustus 2 and Rufinus, consuls. (392 Apr. 24).

CTh.12.1.126

Theodosian Code 12.1.126

Idem aaa. ad potamium praefectum augustalem. principales devoti et nihil debentes habeant privilegium, ut nihil corporalium molestiarum patiantur, scitura experientia tua, nisi praeceptionis nostrae forma servetur, et officium et ipsam sedis tuae iudiciariam potestatem propositae multae esse subdendam.

The same Augusti to Potamius, the Augustal Prefect. Let the devoted principales who owe nothing have the privilege that they suffer nothing of bodily annoyances; and let your experience know that, unless the form of our precept is observed, both the officium and the very judicial power of your seat are to be subjected to the proposed mulct.

dat. x kal. iul.

dated on the 10th day before the Kalends of July.

constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss. (392 iun. 22).

at Constantinople, Arcadius Augustus for the 2nd time and Rufinus, consuls. (22 June 392).

CTh.12.1.127

Idem aaa. tatiano praefecto praetorio. quicumque decursis perfunctus officiis primum obtinuerit in sua curia sequentibus ceteris locum, comitivae tertii ordinis habeat dignitatem, ut ab omnibus eum iniuriis dignitas concessa defendat, ita tamen, ut hoc honore donatus a nexu propriae originis non recedat.

The same Augusti to tatianus, praetorian prefect. Whoever, having run through and discharged the offices, shall have obtained the first place in his own curia, with the rest following after,
let him have the dignity of the comitiva of the third order, so that the dignity granted may defend him from all injuries by all; yet in such a way that, though endowed with this honor, he does not depart from the bond of his own origin.

dat. prid. kal.

dated the day before the kalends.

iul. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss. (392 iun.

jul. at constantinople, arcadius augustus 2 and rufinus, consuls. (392 jun.

30).

CTh.12.1.128

The Theodosian Code 12.1.128

Idem aaa. abundantio comiti et magistro utriusque militiae. militaribus viris nihil sit commune cum curiis; nihil sibi licitum sciant, quod suae non subiectum est potestati; nullum iniuria, nullum verbere, nullum gravi pulsatione, tribunus dux ille an comes sit, curialem principalemve contingat.

The same Augusti, to Abundantius, count and Master of Both Militias. Let military men have nothing in common with the curiae; let them know that nothing is permitted to them which is not subject to their own authority; let no curial or principalis be touched with injury, with a lash, or with grievous battering, whether the man be a tribune, a duke, or a count.

si quis posthac temerario et inconsiderato ausu ullum ex principalibus viris usurpata adtrectaverit iniuria, sciat se x auri libris esse multandum. dat. prid.

If anyone hereafter, by temerarious and inconsiderate daring, shall have laid hands upon any of the principal men with usurped injury, let him know that he is to be fined 10 pounds of gold. Given on the day before.

kal. aug. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss.

on the kalends of august, at constantinople, in the consulship of arcadius augustus 2 and rufinus.

(392 iul. 31).

(July 31, 392).

CTh.12.1.129

Idem aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio. post alia: quicumque est e curia senator effectus, quicumque militiam, cum esset curialis, adgressus est, restituatur obstringendus ei quam declinaverat functioni.

The same, the three Augusti, to Rufinus, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: whoever has been made a senator from the curia, whoever has undertaken military service, while he was a curialis, let him be restored, to be bound to the function which he had declined.

quin etiam iubemus eos ad munera relicta adgnoscenda constringi, quos administrationum honor diversa suffragiorum ambitione provexit, ut eo quidem quem adepti sunt honore non careant, sed ab ea quam reliquerant functione non absint, providendo, ne quispiam curiae natus ad consortium senatoriae dignitatis adspiret, cum ita sibi videat et praeterita et praesenti iussione praescriptum, ut ei vel affectata vel emendicata huius ordinis gratia prodesse non possit. dat. x kal.

Nay rather, we also order those whom the honor of administrations has advanced by a different ambition of suffrages to be constrained to acknowledge the munera they left behind, so that they do not lack indeed the honor which they have obtained, but are not absent from the function which they had relinquished, providing that no one born to a curia aspires to a consortium of senatorial dignity, since he sees for himself that it has been prescribed both by a past and by the present injunction, that for him the favor of this order, whether affected or begged, cannot be of benefit. Given on the 10th day before the Kalends.

dec. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss. (392 nov.

december. at constantinople, arcadius augustus for the 2nd time and rufinus, consuls. (392 nov.

22).

CTh.12.1.130

Theodosian Code 12.1.130

Idem aaa. aureliano praefecto urbi. si quis municipum ad senatorium transire ordinem omnibus muniis perfunctus optaverit, bona sua, quibus substitui idoneus possit, sciet curiae semper esse obnoxia.

the same emperors, to Aurelianus, Prefect of the City. if any of the municipes should wish to pass over to the senatorial order, having discharged all munia, his goods,
by which a suitable substitute can be furnished, he shall know to be always subject to the curia.

dat. iii kal. mart.

given on the 3rd day before the kalends of march.

constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 febr. 27).

at constantinople, in the consulship of theodosius augustus for the 3rd time and abundant ius (27 february 393).

CTh.12.1.131

The Theodosian Code 12.1.131

Idem aaa. aureliano praefecto praetorio. in calefaciendis aput antiochiam thermis veterem praestationis consuetudinem servari placet.

the same augusti, to aurelianus, praetorian prefect. in heating the baths at antioch, it is our pleasure that the ancient custom of the prestation be observed.

constat enim merito submovendum, quidquid a tatiano probatur adiectum. dat. iii kal.

For it is agreed that, deservedly, whatever is proven to have been added by Tatianus must be removed. Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

mart. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 febr.

mar. at constantinople theodosius augustus 3 and abundantius
consuls. (393 febr.

27).

CTh.12.1.132

Idem aaa. aureliano praefecto praetorio. si quis curialis tres mares filios susceperit, unum dare senatui non vetetur.

The same Augusti to Aurelianus, Praetorian Prefect. If any curial shall have begotten three male sons, let him not be forbidden to give one to the Senate.

dat. vi id. mart. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss.

Dated at Constantinople on March 10, in the consulship of Theodosius Augustus for the 3rd time and Abundantius, consuls.

(393 mart. 10).

(393 mar. 10).

CTh.12.1.133

Idem aaa. silvano duci et correctori, limitis tripolitani. quicumque ex numero plebeiorum praesentibus singularum ordinibus civitatum agro vel pecunia idonei comprobantur, muniis curialibus adgregentur.

The same augusti to silvanus, duke and corrector, of the tripolitan frontier. Whoever from the number of plebeians, with the orders of each of the cities present,
are proven suitable in land or in money, let them be added to curial duties.

qui vero nullam rei familiaris substantiam habent, militare in apparitorum numero non vetentur. dat. vi kal.

but those who have no substance of household property, let them not be forbidden to serve in
the number of the apparitors. given on the 6th day before the Kalends.

april. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 mart.

April. At Constantinople, in the consulship of Theodosius Augustus 3 and Abundantius, consuls. (393 March.

27).

CTh.12.1.134

Theodosian Code 12.1.134

Idem aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio. omnes, qui curiali obstricti sanguine diversis se officiorum privilegiis et actuum praeiudiciis adgregarunt, reddendos muniis esse non ambigas.

The same Augusti to Rufinus, Praetorian Prefect. all who, bound by curial blood, have aggregated themselves by the diverse privileges of offices and the prejudgments of acts
do not doubt that they are to be returned to the munia.

eos etiam, qui adepti honores esse dicuntur, debitis statuas functionibus subrogandos manente privilegio dignitatis. ac ne ab his sententia promenda se temperet, quos praesidalis officii defendit obscuritas quosve nullum munus alligat naviculariae functionis. usque eo super hac re iudicantis est sententia porrigenda, ut, quoniam curialium fundos diversis titulis huiuscemodi homines tenere coeperunt, intellegant sese, quos nulla militiae privilegia, nulla honorum suffragia, non aetatis defensabit infirmitas, in eorum locum suscipiendis functionibus subrogandos, quorum vel habendo vel habitando sibi patrimonia praesumpserunt.

those also who are said to have obtained honors are to be subrogated to the due statutory functions, the privilege of dignity remaining. and let the sentence to be pronounced not restrain itself from those whom the obscurity of the praesidal office defends, or whom no burden binds to the navicular function. to this extent must the sentence of the judge be extended on this matter, that, since men of this kind have begun to hold the estates of the curiales under diverse titles, let them understand that they—whom no privileges of the soldiery, no suffrages of honors, nor the weakness of age will defend—are to be subrogated in place for the undertaking of the functions, of those whose patrimonies they have presumed for themselves either by holding or by dwelling.

dat. prid. id. april.

dated the day before the Ides of April.

constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 apr. 12).

at constantinople, in the consulship of theodosius augustus 3 and abundantio, consuls. (393 apr. 12).

CTh.12.1.135

Idem aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio. nullus vacationem temporariam curialis accipiat, nisi id forte veris ac probatis causis adnotatio nostra concesserit.

The same, the Augusti, to Rufinus, Praetorian Prefect. Let no curial receive a temporary exemption, unless perhaps for true and proven causes our adnotation has granted it.

dat. prid. non.

given the day before the Nones.

iun. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 iun.

june. at constantinople, in the consulship of theodosius augustus 3 and abundantius, consuls. (393 june

4).

CTh.12.1.136

Idem aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio. nec debitis curiae licitum potest esse negare aut vitare quod declinare non possunt, nec curiis esse liberum debet eos expetere, quos iustis adsertos privilegiis non poterunt obtinere.

The same Augusti to Rufinus, Praetorian Prefect. Nor can it be licit for those indebted to the curia to deny or to avoid that which they cannot decline, nor ought it to be free for the curiae to seek those whom, defended by just privileges, they will not be able to obtain.

dat. viiii kal. iul.

dated on the 9th day before the Kalends of July.

constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundatio conss. (393 iun. 23).

at constantinople theodosius augustus for the 3rd time and
abundantius consuls. (393 june 23).

CTh.12.1.137pr.

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.137 preface.

Idem aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio. omnes, qui municipibus genere aut actu tenentur obnoxii, a militia vel a quibuslibet retrahi mandamus officiis, nec rescripta aut adnotationes ad munerum fugam prodesse permittimus.

The same, the three Augusti, to Rufinus, Praetorian Prefect. We command that all who, by birth or by status, are held liable to the municipal citizenry be withdrawn from military service or from whatever offices; nor do we permit rescripts or annotations to profit for the evasion of munera (public burdens).

incolas etiam et vacantes, qui tamen idonei sunt, iubemus adstringi. (393 aug. 9).

we likewise order that residents and the unoccupied, who nevertheless are suitable, be constrained. (393 aug. 9).

CTh.12.1.137.1

Nullus sane solis materni sanguinis vinculis illigetur, quia mulierum infirmitas numquam huiusmodi functionibus reddit obnoxios, a quibus ipsa habeatur immunis. dat. v id. aug.

Let no one, indeed, be bound by the bonds of maternal blood alone, since the infirmity of women never renders anyone liable to functions of this kind, from which she herself is held immune. Given August 9.

constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 aug. 9).

at Constantinople, in the consulship of Theodosius Augustus for the 3rd time and Abundantius (393 Aug. 9).

CTh.12.1.138

Theodosian Code 12.1.138

Idem aaa. aureliano praefecto praetorio. curiales, qui gradu meritorum usque ad honorariam pervenerint dignitatem, nulla equorum praestatio maneat, nec gleba senatoria ab his poscatur, quos non ita fecit obligatos.

The same augusti to Aurelianus, praetorian prefect. The curials, who by the grade of merits have come even to an honorary dignity, let no prestation of horses remain owed,
nor let the senatorial glebe be demanded from those whom it has not thus made obligated.

dat. vi id. dec. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss.

dated december 8 at constantinople, in the consulship of theodosius augustus for the 3rd time and
abundantius, consuls.

(393 dec. 8).

(December 8, 393).

CTh.12.1.139

Theodosian Code 12.1.139

Idem aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio. omnes ilico, qui curiis debiti militarint, patriis muneribus restitui oportet.

The same Augusti to Rufinus, praetorian prefect. All forthwith who, owed to the curiae, have served in the military must be restored to their native municipal duties.

in qua re sublimis auctoritas tua providebit, ut de singulorum nominibus ad sedem vestram singulae quaeque referant civitates, ne quis dissimulatione suggerentium delitescat, ut cuncti sine frustratione aliqua restituti curiarum muniis cum omni posteritate deserviant. quod ita fixum volumus intemeratumque servari, ut adversum hoc potestas nulla, nulla denique adnotatio audiatur. quod si quis ex illis in officia externa transierit, omnis eius substantia iure curiae et possessione teneatur.

in which matter your lofty authority will provide, that concerning the names of individuals each and every city report to your seat, lest anyone by the dissimulation
of those suggesting hide away, so that all, without any frustration, restored to the curial munia, may serve with all their posterity. Which we will to be thus fixed
and kept inviolate, that against this no power, and finally no annotation, be heard. But if any of them shall have passed into external offices,
all his substance shall be held by right of the curia and in possession.

dat. iii kal. iun.

given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of June.

constantinopoli arcadio iii et honorio ii aa. conss. (394 mai. 30).

at Constantinople, Arcadius 3 and Honorius 2, Emperors, consuls. (394 May 30).

CTh.12.1.140

Theodosian Code 12.1.140

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. theodoro praefecto praetorio. ad subeunda patriae munera dignissimi et meritis et facultatibus eligantur, ne tales forte nominentur, qui functiones publicas implere non possint.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Theodorus, Praetorian Prefect. Let those most worthy both in merits and in means be chosen for undergoing the munera of the fatherland, lest by chance such be named who cannot fulfill public functions.

dat. xiii kal. feb.

Given on January 20.

olybrio et probino conss. (395 [397-399?] ian. 20).

Olybrius and Probinus, consuls. (395 [397-399?] Jan. 20).

CTh.12.1.141

Theodosian Code 12.1.141

Idem aa. ennoio proconsuli africae. inconcussa volumus permanere, quae de incolatus iure antiquitus sunt constituta. dat.

The same Augusti to Ennoius, proconsul of Africa. We wish those things which have been constituted from antiquity concerning the right of incolatus (residence) to remain unshaken. Given.

xvii kal. iun. mediolano olybrio et probino conss.

May 16, at Milan, with Olybrius and Probinus as consuls.

(395 mai. 16).

(395 May 16).

CTh.12.1.142

Theodosian Code 12.1.142

Idem aa. ennoio proconsuli africae. nominationum forma vaccillare non debet. si omnes, qui albo curiae continentur, adesse non possunt, ne paucorum absentia sive necessaria sive fortuita debilitet, quod a maiore parte ordinis salubriter fuerit constitutum, cum duae partes ordinis in urbe positae totius curiae instar exhibeant.

The same Emperors to Ennoius, proconsul of Africa. The form of nominations ought not to vacillate. If all who are contained on the roll of the curia cannot be present, lest the absence of a few, whether necessary or fortuitous, weaken what has been healthfully established by the greater part of the order, since two parts of the order, situated in the city, present the equivalent of the whole curia.

et cetera. dat. xvii kal.

etcetera. Given on the 17th day before the Kalends.

iun. mediolano olybrio et probino conss. (395 mai.

jun. at Milan, in the consulship of Olybrius and Probinus. (395 may.

16).

CTh.12.1.143

Theodosian Code 12.1.143

Idem aa. ennoio proconsuli africae. fraudem civium non ferendam in dispendium ire civitatum animadvertimus, cum municipes aut peregrinando munera civitatum aut militiae ambitione declinant. intra quinquennium igitur nisi ad curiam reverterint, facultates eorum pro muneribus et oneribus curiae addici decernimus.

The same Emperors to Ennoius, proconsul of Africa. We have observed a fraud of citizens, not to be borne, going to the detriment of the communities, when the municipes either
by peregrinating avoid the munera of the communities or by the ambition for military service. Therefore, unless within a quinquennium they return to the curia, their estates
are decreed to be adjudged to the curia for its munera and burdens.

dat. xvii kal. iun.

dated on the 17th day before the Kalends of June

mediolano olybrio et probino conss. (395 mai. 16).

at Milan, Olybrius and Probinus, consuls. (395 May 16).

CTh.12.1.144

Theodosian Code 12.1.144

Idem aa. ennoio proconsuli africae. ne diu in fraudem civitatum municipes evagentur vel ad militiam socientur, nisi intra quinquennium ad civitates proprias revertantur, facultates eorum pro muneribus et oneribus curiae addicantur. dat.

The same Augusti to Ennoius, proconsul of Africa. Lest the municipes wander for a long time to the fraud of the cities or be associated to military service, unless within five years to
their own cities they return, let their estates be adjudged to the curia for the munera and burdens. Given.

xvii kal. iun. mediolano olybrio et probino conss.

17 days before the Kalends of June, at Milan, when Olybrius and Probinus were consuls.

(395 mai. 16).

(395 May 16).

CTh.12.1.145

Theodosian Code 12.1.145

Idem aa. ennoio proconsuli africae. africanis sacerdotales karthagini restitui ibique arbitratu suo agere dum favorabili editione placuit. quod facientes divi patris nostri beneficium renovamus.

the same emperors to ennoius, proconsul of africa. for the africans the sacerdotal offices are to be restored at carthage, and there to be conducted at their own discretion, since it has pleased by a favorable edict. in doing this we renew the benefaction of our deified father.

dat. xvii kal. iun.

Given on the 17th day before the Kalends of June.

mediolano olybrio et probino conss. (395 mai. 16).

at milan, with olybrius and probinus, consuls. (395 may 16).

CTh.12.1.146

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.146

Idem aa. dextro praefecto praetorio. multos animadvertimus, ut debita praestatione patriam defraudarent, sub umbra potentium latitare. oportet igitur statui multam, ut, quisquis in praescripti iuris formam inciderit, pro curiali quinque auri libras fisco nostro cogatur inferre, pro collegiato unam.

The same Augusti to Dextro, Praetorian Prefect. We have observed many, in order to defraud the fatherland of the due prestation, lurking under the shadow of the powerful. It is therefore proper that a fine be established, such that whoever shall fall under the form of the prescribed law be compelled to pay into our fisc five pounds of gold for a Curialis, one for a Collegiatus.

omnes igitur quos tegunt expellant, ne clementia nostra ob contumaciam dissimulantium in maiorem indignationem exurgat. dat. xvii kal.

Therefore let them expel all whom they shelter, lest our clemency, on account of the contumacy of the dissemblers, rise into greater indignation. Given on the 17th day before the Kalends.

iul. mediolano olybrio et probino conss. (395 iun.

jul. at milan olybrius and probinus consuls. (395 jun.

15).

CTh.12.1.147pr.

Theodosian Code 12.1.147, preface.

Idem aa. palladio praefecto praetorio. quicumque decuriones patre atque maioribus adprobantur et armatam quacumque occasione adepti docentur esse militiam, absoluti sacramento militari, ut constitutum est, ad munia civilia revocantur. (416 sept.

The same emperors to Palladius, praetorian prefect. Whoever decurions are approved in respect of father and forefathers and, having on whatever occasion obtained armed military service,
are shown to be in the soldiery, once absolved from the military oath, as has been established, are recalled to civil duties. (416 Sept.

9).

CTh.12.1.147.1

Si quos etiam huiusmodi homines palatinorum officiorum consortia retinent, exempti matriculis ad propriam urbem sub prosecutione dirigantur. (416 sept. 9).

If any men of this kind are also being held by the consortia of the palatine offices, let them, removed from the matriculae, be directed to their own city under escort. (416 Sept. 9).

CTh.12.1.147.2

Ac si in apparitione praetoriana aliquis inventus fuerit decurio inmorari, pari condicione ad civitatem originariam dirigatur. (416 sept. 9).

And if in the praetorian apparitorial service anyone shall be found to be a decurion lingering, let him be directed to his city of origin on the same condition. (416 sept. 9).

CTh.12.1.147.3

Reliqua quoque ministeria atque officia palatina pari forma legis adstringimus, ut quisquis municeps deprehensus fuerit, absolutus militari cingulo reddatur muneribus civitatis. et cetera. dat.

We also bind the remaining ministries and palatine offices by the same form of law, so that whoever shall be discovered to be a municipal citizen, absolved from the military belt, shall be returned to the duties of the city. and the rest. given.

v id. sept. ravennae d. n. theodosio a. vii et palladio conss. (416 sept.

on September 9 at Ravenna, in the consulship of our lord Theodosius, Augustus, for the 7th time, and of Palladius, consuls. (September 416)

9).

CTh.12.1.148

Idem aa. theodoro praefecto praetorio. cum super ordinando sacerdote provinciae publicus esset ex more tractatus, idem nostra auctoritate decretum est, ut ad subeunda patriae munera dignissimi et meritis et facultatibus eligantur nec huiusmodi nominentur, qui functiones debitas implere non possint. dat.

the same augusti, to theodorus, praetorian prefect. when a public discussion, according to custom, had been conducted concerning the appointing of the provincial priest, likewise it has been decreed by our authority that, for undertaking the fatherland’s duties, the most worthy be chosen both in merits and in means, and that such men not be named as cannot fulfill the functions owed. given.

iiii kal. oct. mediolano olybrio et probino conss.

on the 4th day before the Kalends of October, at milan, in the consulship of olybrius and probinus.

(395 [397-399?] sept. 28).

(395 [397-399?] Sept. 28).

CTh.12.1.149

Theodosian Code 12.1.149

Idem aa. ennoio suo salutem. curiales in exitium curiarum se conantur exuere quacumque occasione patrimonii qualitercumque quaesiti naviculariorum onere volentes suam originem commutare. qua in re, quia totum inhibere non possumus, ratione dividimus.

The same Augusti to their Ennoius, greeting. The curials, to the destruction of the curiae, try to strip themselves off on whatever pretext of a patrimony however acquired
wishing, under the burden of the navicularii, to change their origin. In which matter, since we cannot wholly prevent it, we make a rational distinction.

civitas ergo quem genuit, non amittat: patrimonium, quod ex ordine naviculariorum advenerit, prodat pro moderatione quem ditat, quia nec emere nec donatum adsequi nec damnosam quisque hereditatem adire compellitur, cum et in deliberationibus coniunctionum futurarum commodis prospiciatur heredum. neminem igitur sublimitas tua ad expediendas publicas necessitates parenti curiae se permittat auferre detque operam, ut et ordines curiarum nostrarum reddantur indemnes et patrimonia naviculariorum non pereant, sed functionis uterque status habeatur incolumis. dat.

Therefore let the city not lose him whom it begot: let him, to a moderate extent, alienate (sell) the patrimony which has accrued from the order of the Navicularii and which enriches him, since no one is compelled either to buy, or to obtain what is given, or to enter upon a ruinous inheritance, given that in the deliberations of future unions provision is made for the advantages of the heirs. Therefore let Your Sublimity not permit anyone, for the dispatch of public necessities, to remove himself from the parent curia, and give effort that both the orders of our curiae be rendered unimpaired and the patrimonies of the Navicularii not perish, but that each status of function be held intact. Given.

vii kal. ian. olybrio et probino conss.

on the 7th day before the Kalends of January, with Olybrius and Probinus as consuls.

(395 dec. 26).

(December 26, 395).

CTh.12.1.150

Idem aa. caesario praefecto praetorio. curiales, qui honorariam adepti sunt comitivam, formidare debent eos, quorum sunt moderationi commissi nec se existimare ideo meruisse dignitatem, ut iudicum praecepta despiciant. quod si in eadem culpa perseverent, quinque librarum auri multae obnoxius subiugetur, honore quoque quem prodidit spoliandus.

the same emperors to Caesarius, praetorian prefect. curials, who have obtained an honorary comitiva, ought to fear those to whose moderation they have been committed and not think that they have therefore deserved the dignity, so that they might despise the precepts of judges. but if they persist in the same fault, let him be subjected, liable to a fine of five pounds of gold, also to be stripped of the honor which he has betrayed.

dat. iiii kal. ian.

given on the 4th day before the kalends of january.

constantinopoli olybrio et probino conss. (395 dec. 29).

at Constantinople Olybrius and Probinus
consuls. (395 dec. 29).

CTh.12.1.151 [=brev.12.1.8]

Impp. arcad. et honor.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. petronio vicario hispaniarum. municipalia gesta non aliter fieri volumus quam trium curialium praesentia, excepto magistratu et exceptore publico, semperque hic numerus in eadem actorum testificatione servetur. sic enim et fraudi non patebit occasio et veritati maior crescit auctoritas.

the emperors to petronius, vicarius of the spains. we will that municipal records be made in no other way than in the presence of three curials, the magistrate and the public exceptor excepted, and that this number always be observed in the same attestation of the records. for thus an occasion will not lie open to fraud, and greater authority accrues to truth.

dat. non. mai.

Given on the Nones of May.

mediolano, arcadio iv. et honorio iii. aa. coss. interpretatione non indiget.

at Milan, Arcadius 4. and Honorius 3. the emperors, consuls. it does not need interpretation.

CTh.12.1.152

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.152

Idem aa. africano praefecto urbi. ne quis ex corpore togatorum provinciales suscipiat functiones, scilicet ut et ambientibus claudatur ingressus et invitis necessitas auferatur. proposita constantinopoli iii non.

The same Emperors to Africanus, prefect of the city. Let no one from the body of the togati undertake provincial functions, namely, so that entry is closed to those canvassing and the necessity is removed from the unwilling. Published at Constantinople on the 3 Nones.

aug. arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 aug.

in the consulship of the Augusti Arcadius for the 4th time and Honorius for the 3rd (396 Aug.

3).

CTh.12.1.153

Idem aa. florentino praefecto urbi. nonnulli decurionum honorarias ex protectoribus vel domesticis vel quaslibet alias obtinent missiones. unde, licet superiore praecepto consultum sit, ut sic penes eosdem emendicata dignitas permaneret, ne quicquam ob hoc patriae negaretur, nunc altius intuentes honoris eius ab his penitus amovemus umbracula, ita ut, si quis id meruit, ac si nihil impetraverit habeatur neque ob hoc sordido quolibet minimove tueatur vel a verberibus, si id modo personae eius qualitas patitur, iudiciariae emendationis excusetur.

The same Augusti to Florentinus, Prefect of the City. Some of the decurions obtain honorary discharges from the Protectores or the Domestici, or whatever other (corps). Whence, although by a prior precept it was provided that thus the begged-for dignity should remain with those same men, lest anything on this account be denied to the fatherland, now, looking more deeply, we utterly remove from them the “umbrellas” (umbracula) of that honor, such that, if anyone has earned it, he be held as if he had obtained nothing, and neither on this account be protected from any sordid or very minor duty, nor be excused from judicial correction by beatings, if only the quality of his person permits that, of judicial emendation.

dat. xii kal. ian.

Given on the 12th day before the Kalends of January.

mediolano caesario et attico conss. (397 dec. 21).

at milan, in the consulship of caesarius and atticus (397 dec. 21).

CTh.12.1.154

Idem aa. florentino praefecto urbi. post alia: si qui municipum vel palatinam vel armatam aliquando militiam debitis praetulerit functionibus, nullis privilegiis, nullis postremo temporibus exuatur nec ei annorum spatia stipendiorumque merita supputentur, sed teneat suum curia et perpetua sibi obnoxium vindicatione defendat. et cetera.

The same Emperors to Florentinus, Prefect of the City. After other matters: if any of the municipes should at any time have preferred Palatine or armed militia to the duties owed,
let him be exempted by no privileges, nor, finally, by any times; nor let the spans of years and the merits of his stipends be reckoned to him, but let the curia hold its own and defend him as perpetually subject to itself by vindication. And so forth.

dat. xii kal. ian.

given on the 12th day before the Kalends of January.

mediolano caesario et attico conss. (397 dec. 21).

at Milan, in the consulship of Caesarius and Atticus (397 dec. 21).

CTh.12.1.155

Idem aa. florentino praefecto urbi. post alia: quia receptum in splendidissimum ordinem submoveri dignitatibus non oportet, quisquis emensus curialia onera honorum vel administrationis vel quarumcumque aliarum dignitatum infulas impetraverit, ipse quidem decoretur insignibus, sed liberi omnisque successio paternae dignitatis obiectu curialia vincula non exuant, nisi forte quis iam senatore susceptus consortio curiae nobilioris adnectitur. illustrium quoque virorum liberos, si non otio et torpore degeneri paternam exuere virtutem, fas erit excusari.

The same Augusti to florentinus, prefect of the city. after other matters: since one who has been received into the most splendid order ought not to be removed by dignities, whoever, having measured out the curial burdens, shall have obtained the fillets of honors either of administration or of whatever other dignities, he himself indeed shall be adorned with the insignia, but the children and every succession shall not cast off the curial bonds by the pretext of the paternal dignity, unless perchance someone already enrolled as a senator is attached to the consortium of a more noble curia. the children also of Illustrious men, if they do not, by idleness and degenerate torpor, cast off their paternal virtue, it will be lawful to excuse.

in his tamen, qui ante expletas curialium munerum functiones meruerint dignitates, speciali humanitate tribuimus, ut, quae illis imponentur a patria, per substitutos praebere, si maluerint, non vetentur, nec agentis persona quaeratur, dummodo debiti non negetur officii. et cetera. dat.

nevertheless, in the case of those who have merited dignities before the functions of curial munera have been completed, we grant by special humanity that they are not to be forbidden, if they should prefer, to furnish through substitutes whatever shall be imposed upon them by the patria, nor is the person of the agent to be inquired into, provided that the duty owed is not refused. and the rest. given.

xii kal. ian. mediolano caesario et attico conss.

12 days before the kalends of january, at milan, in the consulship of caesarius and atticus.

(397 dec. 21).

(December 21, 397).

CTh.12.1.156

Theodosian Code 12.1.156

Idem aa. florentino praefecto urbi. post alia: omnes ordines collegia centuriones ac si qui....Cuiusque muneribus vel officiis, ubicumque sunt corporati, ita generaliter illigentur, ut testimoniales impetratas sciant sibi nihil honoris privilegii excusationisve conferre. et cetera.

The same emperors to Florentinus, Prefect of the City. After other matters: all orders, colleges, centurions, and if any.... Whoever, by duties or offices, wherever they are incorporated, shall be bound in such a general way that they know that testimonial letters obtained confer upon them nothing of honor, privilege, or exemption. And so forth.

dat. xii kal. ian.

dated on the 12th day before the Kalends of January.

mediolano caesario et attico conss. (397 dec. 21).

at Milan, in the consulship of Caesarius and Atticus (397 Dec. 21).

CTh.12.1.157

Theodosian Code 12.1.157

Idem aa. theodoro praefecto praetorio. omnes, qui quolibet curiae iure debentur, cuiuscumque superstitionis sint, ad implenda munia teneantur. dat.

the same emperors to theodorus, praetorian prefect. all who are owed to the curia by whatever right, of whatever superstition they are, to fulfill the duties
they are to be held. given.

id. feb. mediolano honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss. (398 feb.

on the ides of february, at milan, honorius augustus for the 4th time and eutychianus, consuls. (398 feb.

13 vel sept. 13).

13 or Sept. 13).

CTh.12.1.158

Theodosian Code 12.1.158

Idem aa. theodoro praefecto praetorio. vaccillare per apuliam calabriamque plurimos ordines civitatum comperimus, quia iudaicae superstitionis sunt et quadam se lege, quae in orientis partibus lata est, necessitate subeundorum munerum aestimant defendendos. itaque hac auctoritate decernimus, ut eadem, si qua est, lege cessante, quam constat meis partibus esse damnosam, omnes, qui quolibet modo curiae iure debentur, cuiuscumque superstitionis sint, ad complenda suarum civitatum munia teneantur.

The same Emperors to Theodore, Praetorian Prefect. We have learned that throughout Apulia and Calabria many curial orders of the cities are wavering, because they are of the Judaic superstition and, by a certain law which was enacted in the eastern parts, think that they are to be defended from the necessity of undergoing public burdens. Therefore by this authority we decree that, with that same law—if there is any such—ceasing, which it is agreed is harmful to my domains, all who in any way are owed by right to the curia, of whatever superstition they may be, are to be held to fulfill the duties of their cities.

dat. id. sept. mediolano honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss.

Given on the Ides of September, at Mediolanum (Milan)
under the consulship of Honorius Augustus for the 4th time and Eutychianus, consuls.

(398 febr. 13 vel sept. 13).

(398 Feb. 13 or Sept. 13).

CTh.12.1.159

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.159

Idem aa. eutychiano praefecto praetorio. omnes omnino curiales in originalibus ac debitis perpetuo curiis perseverent et qui ex his ad provinciarum regimen atque administrationem qualibet fraude atque ambitione pervenerint, sciant se eo quem meruerant honore privandos et non solum ad curiam velut manu mox iniecta revocandos et cunctis rursus ab exordio muneribus servituros, verum etiam media patrimonii parte multandos. dat.

The same Augusti, to Eutychianus, Praetorian Prefect. Let all curials whatsoever persevere perpetually in their original and owed curiae, and those of them who by whatever fraud and ambition have attained to the provinces’ regimen and administration, let them know that they are to be deprived of the honor which they had merited,
and not only to be recalled to the curia as though a hand were laid upon them forthwith, and to serve all duties again from the beginning, but also
to be fined by half of their patrimony. Given.

viii kal. nov. constantinopoli honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss.

October 25, at Constantinople, when Honorius Augustus for the 4th time and Eutychianus were consuls.

(398 oct. 25).

CTh.12.1.160

Theodosian Code 12.1.160

Idem aa. optato praefecto urbi. post alia: si quis ex curia usque ad diem iduum novembrium consulatu domini nostri honorii augusti fratris aeternitatis meae iiii et eutychiani viri clarissimi administratione donatus senatorio est ordini mancipatus, senator quidem esse non desinat neque ad novellae legis vincula pertineat, sed de substituto et rebus, ut antea caveramus, omnia incunctanter quae sunt iussa custodiant. dat.

the same emperors to Optatus, Prefect of the City. after other things: if anyone from the curia, up to the day of the Ides of November, in the consulship of our lord Honorius Augustus, brother of my eternity, 4,
and under the administration of the most illustrious man Eutychianus, has been granted and made over to the senatorial order, let him indeed not cease to be a senator nor pertain to the bonds of the novel law, but concerning the substitute and the goods, as we had previously provided, let them without delay observe everything that has been ordered. given.

viii kal. dec. constantinopoli honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss.

on November 24 at Constantinople, in the consulship of Honorius Augustus for the 4th time and Eutychianus, consuls.

(398

[405] nov. 24).

[405] Nov. 24).

CTh.12.1.161

Theodosian Code 12.1.161

Idem aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. post alia: plectibili severitate eorum fraudibus obviandum est, qui genitalem curiam deserentes ad indebita officia fraude callidae molitionis irrepunt. et quamvis provisum fuerat congruae emendationis occursu, quemadmodum isti militiae nomine et honore suspenso officiis redderentur, tamen quia hoc callido consilio reppererunt, ut evitatis provinciae suae finibus, tamquam istorum tantum interdictus fuisset accessus, peregrinos expeterent commeatus, ne diutius in perniciem curiarum latitandi spes et solacium eos impunitatis exacuat, horum cupiditatibus obviamus, ut ex eorum bonis, qui se vel prosecutioni vel muniis civitatum interdictae dudum ambitione militiae vel qualibet fraude subtraxerint, curiis quas deseruerant consulatur.

The same Augusti to Messala, Praetorian Prefect. after other matters: with a severity fitting for punishment their frauds must be obviated, who, deserting their natal curia, creep by the fraud of a crafty machination into undue offices. And although provision had been made, by the application of suitable emendation, as to how these men, with the name of military service and its honor suspended, should be rendered back to their offices, nevertheless, because they have discovered this crafty counsel, that, having avoided the borders of their own province, as though access had been forbidden only to those places, they should seek foreign travel-passes, lest any longer, to the ruin of the curiae, the hope and solace of lying hidden sharpen them by impunity, let us meet their desires, to the effect that from the goods of those who have withdrawn themselves either from prosecution or from the municipal duties (munia) of the cities, long since by an ambition for military service or by any fraud interdicted, provision be made for the curiae which they had deserted.

itaque si vocati edictis intra anni metas hi tamen, qui manifestis curiae nexibus illigantur, latere potius quam redire maluerint nec suffecerint, qui ad vicem eorum munera patriae post emensum annum, ut ordinis ratio postularit, exsolvant, sciant interpellatis provinciarum moderatoribus ex facultatibus suis suis curiis quas destituerunt consulendum. neque enim de inmaturo praeiudicio temporis possunt brevitatem causari. et cetera.

Therefore, if, having been called by edicts within the limits of the year,
yet those who are bound by manifest bonds of the curia have preferred to lurk rather than to return, and there have not sufficed those who, in their stead, might discharge the munera of the fatherland after the year has been completed, as the plan of the order has demanded, let them know, the governors of the provinces having been interpellated, that from their own resources provision must be made for their own curiae which they have deserted.
For they cannot plead shortness on account of an immature prejudgment of time. And the rest.

dat. xvii kal. sept.

dated on the 17th day before the
Kalends of September.

theodoro v. c. cons. (399 aug. 16

to theodorus, a most distinguished man, consul. (399 aug. 16

[21]).

CTh.12.1.162

Idem aa. benigno vicario urbis romae. ne relictis urbibus plures sese ad corpus centonariorum transferant, spectabilitas tua, quoscumque et ubicumque latentes curiis atque collegiis debitos adprobarit, matura exsecutione restituat, si quidem tot existentibus legibus, quae occultatores certa feriri poena voluerunt, exsecutiones praestare iudices conveniat, non referre. dat.

The same emperors, to Benignus, vicar of the city of Rome. Lest, with the cities being left, more transfer themselves to the corpus of the centonarii, your spectability, whomever and wherever hiding you shall have ascertained as owed to the curiae and the collegia, shall restore with timely execution, since indeed, with so many laws existing which have willed that concealers be struck with a fixed penalty, it be fitting for judges to furnish executions, not to report. Given.

kal. dec. mediolano theodoro cons.

on the kalends of december, at milan, in the consulship of theodorus.

(399 dec. 1).

(December 1, 399).

CTh.12.1.163

Idem aa. eutychiano praefecto praetorio. si qui ex secundo divi patris nostri consulatu curiam relinquentes clericorum se consortio manciparunt, si iam episcopi vel presbyteri diaconesve esse meruerunt, in sacris quidem et secretioribus dei mysteriis perseverent, sed aut substitutos pro se curiae offerre cogantur aut iuxta legem dudum latam tradant curiae facultates. residui omnes, lectores subdiaconi vel ii clerici, quibus clericorum privilegia non debentur, debitis mox patriae muneribus praesententur.

The same Augusti to Eutychianus, praetorian prefect. If any persons, from the second consulship of our deified father, abandoning the curia, have consigned themselves to the consortium of clerics, if they have already merited to be bishops or presbyters or deacons, let them indeed persevere in the sacred rites and the more secret mysteries of God, but
let them be compelled either to offer substitutes to the curia in their place or, according to the law long since enacted, to hand over their faculties to the curia. All the rest, lectors, subdeacons, or those clerics to whom the privileges of clerics are not owed, let them at once be presented for the due munera of the fatherland.

dat. iii id. dec. theodoro cons.

Dated December 11, in the consulship of Theodorus.

(399 dec. [?] 11).

(399 Dec. [?] 11).

CTh.12.1.164

Theodosian Code 12.1.164

Idem aa. eutychiano praefecto praetorio. si quis umquam natus patre curiali vel initis muneribus curiae affectata militia a suis consortibus in iudicio rectoris provinciae lite pulsabitur, nullo fori praescriptionis obice, quae quidem habeat locum, ... licebit. in aliis actionibus aput eundem provinciae moderatorem suis allegationibus utatur.

The same Augusti, to Eutychianus, Praetorian Prefect. If anyone at any time, born of a curial father, or, the munera of the curia having been entered upon, having affected military service, shall be sued by his associates in the court of the rector of the province, with no obstacle of a plea of forum prescription—which indeed has its place—... it shall be permitted. In other actions before the same moderator of the province, let him make use of his own allegations.

dat. v kal. ian.

dated on the 5th day before the kalends of january.

theodoro v. c. cons. (399 dec. [?] 28).

to theodorus, most distinguished man, consul (399 dec. [?] 28).

CTh.12.1.165

Code of Theodosius 12.1.165

Idem aa. eutychiano praefecto praetorio. quicumque ex iudaeis obnoxii curiae comprobantur, curiae mancipentur. dat.

The same emperors, to Eutychianus, praetorian prefect. whoever of the Jews are proven liable to the curia, let them be consigned to the curia. given.

iii kal. ian. theodoro v. c. cons.

December 30, in the consulship of Theodorus, a most distinguished man.

(399 dec. [?] 30).

(December [?] 30, 399).

CTh.12.1.166

Idem aa. pompeiano proconsuli africae. iuxta veterem morem mecilianus legatus adstruxit, ut sacerdotum filii inviti ad sacerdotium non cogantur. antiquam igitur consuetudinem laudabilitas tua praecipiat custodiri, ita ut neque ullus indebite teneatur et tamen idonei sacerdotes deesse non possint.

The same Emperors to Pompeianus, proconsul of Africa. According to ancient custom Mecilianus the legate has affirmed that the sons of priests, if unwilling, are not to be compelled to the sacerdotal office. Therefore let Your Praiseworthiness order the ancient custom to be kept, in such a way that no one is held unduly and yet suitable priests cannot be lacking.

dat. prid. kal.

Given the day before the Kalends.

iul. mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss. (400 iun.

jul. at milan with stilicho and aurelianus as consuls. (400 jun.

30).

CTh.12.1.167

Idem aa. et theodosius a. anthemio praefecto praetorio. ne quis curialium per substitutionem muneribus se patriae, quibus natus est, abstrahat, intercludi curialibus iussimus licentiam supplicandi. dat.

The same Augusti and Theodosius Augustus, to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. Lest any of the curials, by substitution, withdraw himself from the municipal munera to the fatherland of his birth,
we have ordered that the license of supplication be interdicted to the curials. Given.

iii non. octob. constantinopoli arcadio a. vi et probo conss.

3 days before the Nones of October, at Constantinople, Arcadius augustus for the 6th time and Probus, consuls

(406 oct. 5).

CTh.12.1.168

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. universarum civitatum ordinibus consulentes retro principum statuta firmamus, ut nemo nexui curiae mancipatus ad cuiuslibet militiae sacramentum audeat adspirare vel hoc admisso mox abstractus militia obsequiis oppidaneis mancipetur.

Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. Consulting the orders of all cities, we confirm the statutes of prior princes,
that no one mancipated to the nexus of the curia shall dare to aspire to the sacrament (oath) of any military service; or, if this be admitted, he shall at once, withdrawn from the military, be mancipated to municipal (oppidan) duties.

dat. xv kal. iun.

dated on the 15th day before the Kalends of June.

constantinopoli honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss. (409 mai. 18).

at constantinople honorius 8 and theodosius 3, the augusti, consuls. (409 may. 18).

CTh.12.1.169

Theodosian Code 12.1.169

Idem aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. sescentorum solidorum praebitionem, qua magistratuum census antiochenae per syriam civitatis, cum frequenter nutaret, erectus est, gratanter admisimus. fruatur itaque decora civitas tuae provisionis iugiter incrementis et largitione nostrae clementiae, ut sub hac oblectatione populus sua tristitia consoletur.

the same augusti to anthemius, praetorian prefect. the provision of 600 solidi, by which the census of the magistrates of the antiochene city in syria, since it was frequently tottering, has been set upright, we have gladly admitted. let the comely city therefore enjoy continually the increments of your provision and the largess of our clemency, so that under this delectation the people may be consoled for its own sadness.

dat. v kal. oct.

given on the 5th day before the Kalends of October.

constantinopoli honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss. (409 sept. 27).

At Constantinople, when Honorius for the 8th time and Theodosius for the 3rd time
were consuls, the Emperors. (409 September 27).

CTh.12.1.170 [=brev.12.1.9]

Impp. honor. et theodos.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius.

aa. liberio pf. p. post alia: eos curiales, qui non expletis muneribus declinarunt esse, quod nati sunt, reddi urbibus debita censura praecipimus etc. dat. vi. kal.

the Augusti to Liberius, praetorian prefect, after other matters: we prescribe that those curials who, with their duties unfulfilled, have turned aside from being what they were born to be, be returned to the cities by the due censure, etc. Given on the 6th day before the Kalends.

dec. ravenna, honorio viii. et theodos.

december, ravenna, honorius 8 and theodosius.

iii. aa. coss.

the 3 Augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. quicumque* curialis, non actis servitiis, quae debebat, a debito officio declinavit, ad civitatis, unde discessit, servitia revocetur

interpretation. whoever* a curial, not having performed the services which he owed, has declined from the owed duty, to the services of the city, from which he departed, let him be recalled

CTh.12.1.171pr.

Theodosian Code 12.1.171 preface.

Idem aa. dardano praefecto praetorio galliarum. placuit principales viros e curia in galliis non ante discedere, quam quindecennium in ordinis sui administratione compleverint, per quae annorum moderata curricula impleant patriae gratiam. et quamvis cunctos deceat revocari, qui brevi tempore videntur elapsi, sectandam tamen moderationem esse censuimus, ut eos tantum ad declinatas necessitates nunc redire iuberemus, qui ante hoc recessisse sexennium deteguntur.

The same emperors, to Dardanus, Praetorian Prefect of the Gauls. It has been resolved that principal men from the curia in the Gauls are not to depart before they have completed fifteen years in the administration of their own order, whereby through the moderated curricula of years they may fulfill the fatherland’s favor. And although it befits that all who seem to have slipped away for a short time be recalled, nevertheless we have judged that moderation is to be followed, so that we would now order only those to return to the neglected necessities who are discovered to have withdrawn for six years before this.

nec quemquam convenit constituta salubriter annorum spatia recusare, quando expletis omnibus splendoris et honoris ornamenta succedunt. (460

nor does it befit anyone to refuse the salutarily constituted spans of years when, all being completed, the ornaments of splendor and honor succeed. (460

[412] dec. 7).

[412] Dec. 7).

CTh.12.1.171.1

Sane quoniam principalem locum et gubernacula urbium probatos administrare ipsa magnitudo deposcit, sine ordinis praeiudicio consensu curiae eligendos esse censemus, qui contemplatione actuum omnium possint respondere iudicio. (460

Indeed, since the very magnitude demands that approved men administer the principal place and the governance of the cities, without prejudice to the order we judge that they must be chosen by the consent of the curia, who, by contemplation of all acts, can answer to judgment. (460

[412] dec. 7).

CTh.12.1.171.2

Eum vero, qui usque ad secundum evectus locum administrationem aut aetate implere aut debilitate nequiverit, suffragium meritorum et transactae testimonium vitae, tamquam primus constituto tempore curiam rexerit, obtinere conveniet. dat. vii id. dec.

However, he who, having been advanced up to the second place, has been unable to fulfill the administration either by age or by debility, ought to obtain—by the suffrage of his merits and the testimony of his transacted life—just as if, as the first, he had governed the curia at the constituted time. given on December 7.

ravennae honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss. (460

at ravenna, in the consulship of honorius for the 8th time and theodosius for the 3rd, the augusti, consuls. (460

[412] dec. 7).

[412] December 7).

CTh.12.1.172pr.

Idem aa. herculio praefecto praetorio illyrici. sententiae conquiescant, quae in praeiudicium curiarum transactis temporibus sub examine magnificae sedis tuae contra rationem veritatis prolatae curiae debitos per gratiam absolverunt, universique, quos sors nascendi municipalibus muneribus obligavit, fortunam propriam subire cogantur. (410 mai.

The same Augusti to Herculius, Praetorian Prefect of Illyricum. Let the sentences come to rest which, to the prejudice of the curiae, in times past under the examination of your magnificent seat, having been issued against the rationale of truth, have by favor absolved those owed to the curia, and let all, whom the lot of birth has bound to municipal munera, be compelled to undergo their own proper fortune. (May 410.

24 vel iun. 25).

24 or Jun. 25).

CTh.12.1.172.1

Eos autem, qui sub patrocinio clericatus muneribus debitis patriam fraudaverunt, reddi sub ea condicione praecipimus, ut pro temporis consideratione et gradu, quem in ecclesiis obtinent, vel ipsi ad statum pristinum redeant et functionibus municipalibus obsecundent vel eorum patrimonia curiis consignentur: (410 mai. 24 vel iun. 25).

But as for those who, under the patronage of the clericate, have defrauded their fatherland of the due munera, we order them to be restored under this condition: that, with consideration of the time and the rank which they hold in the churches, either they themselves return to their former status and comply with municipal functions, or their patrimonies be consigned to the curiae: (410 May 24 or June 25).

CTh.12.1.172.2

His etiam, qui ultro se curiarum coetibus inseruerunt, in ea quam elegerunt fortuna residentibus, circa eorum filios legum auctoritate servata. dat. viiii kal.

For these also, who of their own accord have inserted themselves into the assemblies of the curiae, let them remain in the fortune which they chose, with the authority of the laws preserved concerning their sons. Given on the 9th day before the Kalends.

iun. constantinopoli varane v. c. cons. (410 mai.

June. at Constantinople Varane, a most distinguished man, consul. (410 May.

24 vel iun. 25).

24 or June 25).

CTh.12.1.173pr.

Theodosian Code 12.1.173 preface.

Idem aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. ad inferiorum curialium relevandas fortunas et inpressionem potentium cohibendam placuit, ut ab instanti octava indictione descriptiones, quae per singulos ordines agitantur cogentibus diversis negotiis, non sumant ante principium, quam aput acta provinciarum rectoribus intimentur et ex eorum fuerint auctoritate firmatae. (410 aug.

The same Augusti, to Anthemius, praetorian prefect. To relieve the fortunes of the lower curials and to restrain the pressure of the powerful, it has pleased that from the current eighth indiction the descriptions (assessments), which are carried on through the several orders with various necessities compelling, should not take their inception before they are entered among the acta of the provinces, notified to the governors, and have been confirmed by their authority. (410 aug.

26).

CTh.12.1.173.1

Sed et aurum, quod ex huiusmodi contributione redigitur, ita debet susceptori aurario consignari, ut securitatibus nomen inferentis, dies consul mensis, causa et summa comprehendatur, quo et descriptionis aequitas illustretur et describtus documentis evidentibus fulciatur. (410 aug. 26).

But also the gold which is collected from a contribution of this kind ought to be consigned to the aurarian receiver in such a way that, in the securities, the name of the one paying in, the day,
the consul, the month, the cause, and the sum are included, whereby both the equity of the assessment may be made manifest and the enrolled person may be supported by evident documents. (410 Aug. 26).

CTh.12.1.173.2

Hoc etiam observando, ut quadrimenstruis quoque brevibus, qui ab excellentiae tuae officio sollemniter diriguntur, celebratae descriptionis dispunctio societur, ut vestrae potestatis scientiam formidantes nihil ad relevationem locupletum atque inopum perniciem audeant pertemptare. (410 aug. 26).

This also is to be observed: that to the four‑monthly briefs, which are solemnly dispatched from the office of Your Excellency, there be joined the cross‑checking (dispunctio) of the conducted assessment (descriptio), so that, fearing the awareness of your authority, they may dare to attempt nothing toward the easing of the wealthy and the ruin of the poor. (410 Aug. 26).

CTh.12.1.173.3

Quod et circa hos optimum est custodiri, quibus lucrativae facultates ex bonis curialium obvenerunt, ut et ipsi fructu provisionis simillimae potiantur. (410 aug. 26).

Which also is best to be kept in regard to those to whom lucrative faculties have accrued from the goods of the curials, so that they too may obtain the fruit of a most similar provision. (410 aug. 26).

CTh.12.1.173.4

Quam dispositionem si quis iudicum, numerariorum vel curialium mutilandam crediderit, interminationi, quam vestra sedes statuerit, subiacebit. dat. vii kal.

Which disposition, if anyone of the judges, numeraries, or curials shall have thought to be mutilated, to the penal threat which your seat shall have established, he will be subject. Given on the 7th day before the Kalends.

sept. constantinopoli varane v. c. cons. (410 aug.

Sept. at Constantinople, under Varanes, a most distinguished man, consul. (410 Aug.

26).

CTh.12.1.174

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.174

Idem aa euchario proconsuli africae. duumvirum impune non liceat extollere potestatem fascium extra metas propriae civitatis. curiales etiam sacerdotio provinciae, sed et filios reddi praecipimus propriae civitati.

Likewise, the same Augusti to Eucharius, proconsul of Africa. Let it not be lawful with impunity for a duumvir to extend the power of the fasces beyond the bounds of his own city. The curiales
even if elevated to the priesthood of the province, and their sons as well, we command to be returned to their own city.

dat. vi id. mar. ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss.

Dated 10 March at Ravenna, in the consulship of Honorius for the 9th time and Theodosius for the 5th, Augusti, consuls.

(412 mart. 10).

(412 March 10).

CTh.12.1.175

Theodosian Code 12.1.175

Idem aa. lupiano comiti et magistro militum per orientem. hi, quos moderatores provinciarum maximeque foenices, ordinibus civitatum prosequentibus docti, ex consortio curiali ad officium culminis tui demigrasse suggesserint, mox sub fida prosecutione ad eiusdem iudicis transmittantur examen, qui super eorum nominibus rettulerit, vel sponte civilia munera subituri vel, si litigandum putaverint, post sententiam cognitoris, si id ea suggesserit, ordini mancipandi. dat.

The same Emperors to Lupianus, count and master of soldiers for the East. Those whom the governors of the provinces, and especially the Phoenicians, having been informed by the orders of the cities acting as prosecutors, shall report to have migrated from the curial consortium to the office of your eminence, are to be sent at once, under faithful escort, to the examination of that same judge who has reported concerning their names, who will either undergo the civil duties of their own accord or, if they think it should be litigated, after the sentence of the cognitor—if that shall have so indicated—to be delivered over to the order. Given.

xv kal. iun. constantinopoli honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss.

may 18, at Constantinople, under the consulship of Honorius for the 9th time and Theodosius for the 5th, the Augusti, consuls.

(412 mai. 18).

(May 18,
412).

CTh.12.1.176

Theodosian Code 12.1.176

Idem aa. iuliano ii proconsuli africae. exceptis his, qui karthaginiensi curiae munus sacerdotii transegerunt, omnes, quicumque ex aliis provinciis atque civitatibus hoc honore decorantur, ad proprias urbes redire praecipimus. quidquid sane provinciarum nomine agi sacerdotalium superflua turba consuevit, id ab eo, qui sacerdotium reddet, suo tempore iubemus impleri.

the same augusti to julianus 2, proconsul of africa. excepting those who have completed the duty of the priesthood for the carthaginian curia, all, whoever from other provinces and cities are adorned with this honor, we command to return to their own cities. whatever, indeed, in the name of the provinces the superfluous throng of sacerdotal persons has been accustomed to transact, that we order to be fulfilled by him who will render back the priesthood, in his own time.

ac ne quid festis ac legitimis diebus subtraxisse videamur, etiam illud definiendum esse censemus, ut, quicumque propter pompam illius diei karthaginem forte convenerit, intra quinque dies ad propria rediturus ex eadem urbe discedat. ne autem certa statuta impune ullus audeat violare, xxx librarum auri multam statim a proconsulari officio exigi se cognoscat, qui in karthaginiensi urbe excepto ipsius decuriae viro habitandi gratia voluerit residere, cum dierum numerum, qui est statutus, excesserit: ipsius quoque dignitatis privilegio spoliandum esse se non dubitet. inhiberi autem etiam illas occasiones praesenti auctoritate censemus, ne comparatis sacerdotalis aliquis subito aedibus domicilium se habere confingat, cum specialiter statuisse videamur, ut quisque illo redeat, unde eum ducere originem constat.

and lest we seem to have subtracted anything from the festal and lawful
days, we also judge that this too must be defined: that whoever has by chance come together to Carthage on account of the pomp of that day
shall depart from that same city within five days, being about to return to his own. And lest anyone should dare with impunity to violate the established statutes, let him know that a fine of 30 pounds of gold is to be exacted at once by the proconsular office, whoever in the Carthaginian city, except for the man of that decuria, shall have wished to reside for the sake of dwelling, when he has exceeded the number of days which has been established: let him not doubt that he is also to be despoiled of the privilege of his own dignity. We also judge by the present authority that those pretexts are to be inhibited, lest someone of the sacerdotal order, having procured houses, should suddenly pretend that he has a domicile, since we seem to have specifically decreed that each man is to return to that place whence it is agreed that he draws his origin.

dat. vi kal. feb.

given on the 6th day before the Kalends of February.

ravennae post cons. honorii viiii et theodosii v aa. (413 ian. 27).

At Ravenna, after the consulship of Honorius 9 and Theodosius 5, the Augusti. (413 Jan. 27).

CTh.12.1.177pr.

Theodosian Code 12.1.177 preface.

Idem aa. leontio praefecto praetorio illyrici. etsi veterum principum sanctiones eos, qui nullis curiae nexibus obligati soli genitalis amore vel liberalitatis cupiditate suadente munus curiale subierint, obligari necessitatibus curiarum praecipiunt, tamen vastato illyrico consulentes aput omnes dumtaxat illyrici civitates praecipimus observari, ut, quisquis posthac integrae opinionis a consortio curiae penitus alienus ultro munus curiale putaverit subeundum vel oblata dumtaxat pecunia, per quam id ex integro poterit expediri, vel actu muneris ipsius vel insignibus subeundis, id est sive cum populi plausu sive etiam verecundae et tacitae conscientiae remuneratione contentus, adhibito ordine vel maiore eius parte illius videlicet civitatis, in qua munus spontaneum crediderit explicandum, in iudicio rectoris provinciae vel absente eo aput duumviros sive defensorem eiusdem civitatis primo se curiae non teneri incorrupta ordinis adstipulatione perdoceat, dein si certum munus se explicaturum promiserit, curialium praesentium responsione munitus, quod nec ipse nec facultates eius aut successores utpote curialis inquietudinem sustinebunt, liber et ab omni securus molestia curiali promissum munus absolvat, nec enim quod coeperit semiplenum deserere permittatur; ita ut pro hac liberalitate, peracto munere quod sponte promisit, eum honorem in ea civitate habeat, quem curialis habet eodem munere suscepto pariter et impleto. (413 apr.

The same emperors to Leontius, praetorian prefect of Illyricum. Although the sanctions of former princes prescribe that those who, bound by no bonds of the curia, have undertaken the curial munus, urged by love of their native soil alone or by the desire of liberality, are bound to the necessities of the curiae, nevertheless, with Illyricum laid waste,
having regard to this, we order it to be observed in all and only the cities of Illyricum, that whoever hereafter, of unimpaired reputation and wholly alien from the fellowship of the curia,
shall have thought that the curial munus ought to be undertaken of his own accord, either with money only offered, by which it can be fully discharged, or by the performance of the munus itself or by assuming the insignia, that is, whether with the applause of the people or even content with the modest and silent remuneration of conscience,
with the order (ordo) or the greater part of it being called in—namely of that city in which he shall have believed the spontaneous munus to be carried out—in the court
of the rector of the province, or, if he be absent, before the duumviri or the defensor of the same city, let him first make it thoroughly known, with the incorrupt assent of the order, that he is not held to the curia;
then, if he shall have promised that he will discharge a specific munus, fortified by the response of the curiales present—that neither he nor his resources nor his successors will endure the disquietude as being a curialis—let him,
free and secure from all curial molestation, complete the promised munus; for he shall not be permitted to abandon what he has begun half-done; so that for this liberality, when the munus which he promised of his own accord has been completed, he shall have in that city the honor
which a curialis has, the same munus having been undertaken and likewise fulfilled. (413 apr.

16).

CTh.12.1.177.1

Sed si quis ex curiali prosapia vel gratia vel angustiis ordinis abusus praetextu legis per munus aliquod se putaverit curia liberandum, post expletum munus et gratiosam vel necessitate expressam professionem ordinis nihilo minus pulsetur a curia utpote curialis. quam legem, ex quo lata est videlicet valituram, per omne dumtaxat illyricum praecipimus observari. dat.

But if anyone of curial lineage, either by favor or by the straits of the order, abusing the pretext of the law, through some office (munus) should think himself to be freed from the curia, after
the munus has been completed and a profession of the order granted by favor or forced by necessity, let him nonetheless be pressed by the curia as being a curial. which law,
to be valid, plainly, from the time it was enacted, we command to be observed throughout, at any rate, all illyricum. given.

xvi kal. mai. constantinopoli lucio v. c. cons.

on the 16th day before the Kalends of May, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Lucius, a most distinguished man.

(413 apr. 16).

(413 April 16).

CTh.12.1.178

Idem aa. seleuco praefecto praetorio. omnes, qui curiali genere origine vel stirpe gignuntur, curiarum nexibus obligentur. aequum est enim, ut ingenua matre nascentes et quorum natales origo demonstrat, ex matre ingenua nati maiorum suorum dignitatibus socientur.

The same Augusti to Seleucus, praetorian prefect. all who are begotten of curial genus, origin, or stock, shall be bound by the bonds of the curiae. for it is equitable,
that those being born of a freeborn mother, and those whose nativity their origin demonstrates, born from a freeborn mother, be associated with the dignities of their ancestors.

nec quisquam privatorum suorum iuri lege nostra putet aliquid derogatum, qua, eorum morem secuti, rei publicae nostrae ex feminis cupimus esse consultum. et cetera. dat.

nor let anyone think that by our law anything has been derogated from the right of private individuals, by which, following their custom, we desire that provision be made for our commonwealth from females. and the rest. given.

xii kal. feb. ravennae honorio x et theodosio vi aa. conss.

on january 21 at ravenna, when the augusti honorius (10) and theodosius (6) were consuls.

(415 ian. 21).

(415 Jan. 21).

CTh.12.1.179pr.

Theodosian Code 12.1.179, preface.

Idem aa. seleuco praefecto praetorio. post alia: senatusconsulti claudiani auctoritatem firmantes ingenua stirpe creatos, quorum maiores curiae servierunt, civitatibus iussimus redhiberi. quod non solum de futuris, sed etiam de praeteritis observandum esse censemus.

The same Augusti to Seleucus, praetorian prefect. After other matters: confirming the authority of the Claudian senatus-consult, we have ordered that those created of freeborn stock, whose ancestors served the curia, be returned to their municipalities. We judge that this is to be observed not only for future cases, but also for past ones.

(415 ian. 21).

(415
Jan. 21).

CTh.12.1.179.1

Vacantes quoque et nulla veterum dispositione ullius corporis societati coniunctos curiae atque collegiis singularum urbium volumus subiugari. (415 ian. 21).

We also wish that those vacantes, and those connected by no arrangement of the ancients to the society of any corpus, be subjected to the curia and the collegia of each city. (415 Jan. 21).

CTh.12.1.179.2

Eos etiam, qui ad militiae cuiuslibet sacramenta venerunt, conventos propriis volumus inservire muneribus. (415 ian. 21).

We likewise will that those who have come under the sacramenta (oaths) of any military service, when convened, serve their own proper duties. (415 Jan. 21).

CTh.12.1.179.3

Ita ut, si quis de reddendis ac iungendis eligendisve curialibus vocem reluctationis obiecerit, quinque librarum auri multa protinus feriatur, fisci nostri compendiis profutura. (415 ian. 21).

So that, if anyone should throw in a voice of reluctation about the restoring and joining, or the choosing, of curials, he shall at once be struck with a fine of five pounds of gold, to the profit of our fisc. (415 Jan. 21).

CTh.12.1.179.4

Servus vero actor sive procurator flammis detur ultricibus, obnoxiis curialibus nihilominus restitutis. dat. xii kal.

But let the slave, whether steward (actor) or procurator, be given to avenging flames, with the liable curials nonetheless restored. given 12 days before the Kalends.

feb. ravennae honorio x et theodosio vi aa. conss. (415 ian.

Feb. at Ravenna, under Honorius 10
and Theodosius 6, Augusti, consuls. (415 jan.

21).

CTh.12.1.180

Idem aa. urso praefecto urbi. licet augeri coetum amplissimum cupiamus, cuius consortio gratulamur, tamen, si quis functionibus involutus et nexibus municipalis ordinis innodatus codicillos clarissimatus potuerit impetrare, nec suscipiendos eos tua sublimitas nec penitus allegandos esse cognoscat. nec enim credimus utrumque per unum, prout convenit, posse compleri.

The same emperors to Ursus, Prefect of the City. Although we desire that the most ample coetus be increased, in whose consortship we rejoice, nevertheless, if anyone, entangled in functions and knotted in the bonds of the municipal order, should be able to obtain codicils of clarissimatus, let your Sublimity know that they are neither to be accepted nor at all to be alleged. For we do not believe that both can, as is fitting, be completed by one person.

dat. xiiii kal. mart.

Dated 14 days before the Kalends of March.

constantinopoli theodosio a. vii et palladio conss. (416 febr. 17).

at constantinople, theodosius, augustus, for the 7th time, and palladius, consuls. (416 feb. 17).

CTh.12.1.181pr.

CTh.12.1.181preface.

Idem aa. palladio praefecto praetorio. salvis his, quae iam dudum tam a nobis quam a retro principibus parentibus nostris super curialibus statuta noscuntur, hac etiam generali lege sancimus, ut, si quis suum decurionem vindicare voluerit, si iudicis desit copia, eundem manus iniectione concessa sciat ad examen cognitoris resultantem esse deducendum, ita ut moderator provinciae, si quaestio fortasse fiducia defensionis ulla generatur, nisi intra tres menses causam originis competenti disceptatione cognoverit atque convictum cum poena restituerit debitis muneribus vel liberum ab inquietudine vindicaverit, x librarum auri multam cogatur exsolvere, eius etiam officium pari damni irrogatione teneatur. (416 mai.

The same Emperors to Palladius, Praetorian Prefect. Saving those things which long ago are known to have been established both by us and by previous emperors, our parent princes, concerning the curiales, by this general law we also sanction that, if anyone should wish to reclaim his decurion, if the availability of a judge is lacking, he is to know that the same person, with laying-on of hands granted, must be led to the examination of a cognitor acting in place, in such a way that the governor of the province, if perhaps any question is generated through confidence in a defense, unless within three months he has learned the matter of origin with appropriate adjudication and has either restored the convicted, with penalty, to the owed duties or has vindicated him free from disturbance, be compelled to pay a fine of 10 pounds of gold, and that his office also be held by an equal imposition of loss. (416 May.

3).

CTh.12.1.181.1

Si quos sane curiae obnoxios in diversis officiis atque militia subterfugientes decurionatum ante esse claruerit, si per suffectam personam et periculo suo idoneam originis nexum procurare noluerint, exutos sacramento militiae ad civitates proprias dirigi convenit sub prosecutione idonea, ita ut de eorum nominibus, qui armatum adpetierint sacramentum, ad viros illustres magistros militum scripta mittantur, ut eorum auctoritate soluto cingulo militari reddantur muniis civitatum. dat. v non.

If indeed it shall have become clear that certain persons liable to the curia, evading in various offices and in militia, previously belonged to the decurionate, if they are unwilling to procure through a substituted person, suitable and at their own risk, the bond of origin, it is proper that, stripped of the military oath, they be directed to their own cities under suitable escort,
in such a way that writings be sent to the most illustrious Masters of Soldiers concerning the names of those who have sought the armed oath, so that by their authority, with the military belt loosed, they may be returned to the munia of their cities. Given on the 5th before the Nones.

mai. ravennae d. n. theodosio a. vii et palladio conss. (416 mai.

may. at ravenna, in the consulship of our lord theodosius, augustus, for the 7th time, and
palladius. (416 may.

3).

CTh.12.1.182

Idem aa. monaxio praefecto praetorio. nemo posthac munerum ordine transcurso ad altioris curiae honores audeat pervenire, sed prius universis functionibus per ordinem propriae civitatis expletis tum demum ad competentem honorem singuli venire deproperent. dat.

The same Augusti to Monaxius, Prefect of the Praetorium. Let no one henceforth, the order of munera having been skipped, dare to attain to the honors of the higher curia, but first with all functions of his own city completed in order, then at last let individuals hasten to come to the competent honor. Given.

vii kal. sept. eudoxiopoli theodosio a. vii et palladio conss.

7
days before the Kalends of september, at eudoxiopolis, in the consulship of theodosius augustus for the 7th time and palladius, consuls.

(416 aug. 26).

CTh.12.1.183

Codex Theodosianus 12.1.183

Idem aa. monaxio praefecto praetorio. neminem obnoxium curiae et publicis functionibus involutum ad incongruam sibi fortunam deinceps adspirare elicitis codicillis clarissimatus magnitudo tua permittat, ut singulae civitates retineant obnoxios suis muneribus. super hoc enim etiam et illustris praefectura urbana nostra est commonita sanctione.

The same emperors to monaxius, praetorian prefect. Let your Magnitude permit no one subject to the curia and involved in public functions to aspire henceforth to a fortune incongruous to himself by elicited codicils of clarissimate, so that individual cities may retain those liable to their munera. Upon this matter, moreover, even our Illustrious Urban Prefecture has been admonished by a sanction.

dat. xv kal. mai.

dated 15 days before the kalends of may.

constantinopoli honorio xii et theodosio viii aa. conss. (418 apr. 17).

at constantinople honorius the 12th and theodosius the 8th, augusti, consuls (418 apr. 17).

CTh.12.1.184

Idem aa. asclepiodoto praefecto praetorio. liberos curialium vel cohortalinorum quandoque susceptos, sive ante praerogativam et tempora expressa praesumptae militiae sive post decursa stipendia, originalem sequi condicionem oportet, quoniam satis est parentibus eorum vacationem a nostra clementia pro remuneratione fuisse concessam. dat.

The same augusti to Asclepiodotus, praetorian prefect. the children of curials or of cohortalins, whensoever acknowledged, whether before the prerogative and
the times specified of the assumed military service or after the stipends have been completed, ought to follow the original condition, since it is enough that to their parents
an exemption has been granted by our clemency for remuneration. Given.

xvii kal. mai. constantinopoli asclepiodoto et mariniano conss.

17 days before the Kalends of May, at Constantinople asclepiodotus and marinianus
consuls.

(423 apr. 15).

CTh.12.1.185

Theodosian Code 12.1.185

Impp. theodosius et valentinanus aa. celeri proconsuli africae. semel securitatem de refusione munerum emissam ab alio proconsule non liceat refricari.

the emperors theodosius and valentinian, augusti, to celer, proconsul of africa. let a security concerning the refusal of munera, once issued by another proconsul, not be permitted to be reopened.

et ideo spectabilitas tua saluberrimae ac iustissimae praeceptionis formam secuta prohibebit in posterum eos ad discussionem transacti muneris constringi, quos claruit acceptae securitatis prosperitate laetari. dat. v kal.

and therefore Your Spectability, following the form of the most salutary and most just precept, will prohibit henceforth those from being constrained to a discussion of a transacted munus,
those whom it has become clear rejoice in the prosperity of the security received. dat. 5 kal.

mai. ravennae post cons. felicis et tauri vv. cc. (429 apr.

may. at ravenna after the consulate of felix and taurus, most distinguished men. (429 apr.

27).

CTh.12.1.186

The Theodosian Code 12.1.186

Idem aa. celeri proconsuli africae. legatio proconsularis provinciae per bubulcum spectabilem virum comitem curiales pro aliis, qui nec in eodem territorio possident, deflevit adstringi, quod ab obnoxiis saepe debetur devotissimi quique cogantur exsolvere. quae res pro arbitrio compulsorum vel opinatorum sive iudicum in eam famam mali iugitate pervenit, ut nullus paene curialis idoneus in ordine cuiusquam urbis valeat inveniri.

The same Augusti to Celer, proconsul of Africa. a deputation of the proconsular province, through Bubulcus, a spectabilis man, a comes, lamented that the curials are bound on behalf of others, who do not even hold possessions in the same territory, to the effect that what is often owed by the liable persons the most devoted are compelled to pay out. which matter, at the discretion of the compulsors or the opinators (assessors) or the judges, has by the continuity of the evil come into such ill repute that hardly any suitable curial can be found in the order of any city.

cuius praesumptionis abolita consuetudine iubemus neminem curialem pro alieni territorii debitis adtineri, sed tantum municipem pro gleba propria conveniri. spectabilitas tua, salubrem sanctionem secuta, unumquemque debitorem suo deinceps nomine faciet adtineri. dat.

with the custom of this presumption abolished, we order that no curial be held for the debts of another’s territory,
but that only a municipal citizen be convened for his own glebe. Your Spectability, following the healthful sanction,
will henceforth cause each debtor to be held under his own name. Given.

v kal. mai. ravennae post cons.

on the 5th day before the Kalends of May, at Ravenna, after the consulship.

felicis et tauri vv. cc. (429 apr. 27).

of Felix and Taurus, most distinguished men (429 Apr. 27).

CTh.12.1.187

Theodosian Code 12.1.187

Idem aa. isidoro praefecto praetorio. qui ante hanc legem spectabilium vel illustrium quocumque modo sortiti sunt dignitatem, parto semel honore et privilegiis perfruantur. si qui vero postea ex decurionibus vel subiectis curiae ad spectabilium gradum processerint, per se tam curialia quam senatoria subeant munera eorumque liberi post senatoriam suscepti dignitatem patrum obstringantur exemplo.

The same Augusti to Isidore, Praetorian Prefect. Those who before this law have in whatever way obtained the dignity of the Spectabiles or Illustres, with the honor once acquired, shall enjoy the privileges. But if any afterwards from among the decurions or those subject to the curia shall have advanced to the grade of the Spectabiles, let them themselves undergo both curial and senatorial duties (munera), and let their children, after the senatorial dignity has been assumed, be bound by the example of their fathers.

quod si qui inter illustres etiam viros locum occupaverint non laborioso administrationis actu, sed honorario titulo dignitatis, senatui quidem per se respondeant, curiae vero per substitutos suarum periculo facultatum satisfaciant; quorum liberos et post eorum illustrem dignitatem progenitos non solum senatorum, sed etiam decurionum munia per se, non per subrogatos, subire conveniet. et cetera. dat.

but if any have occupied a place among even the Illustrious men not by the laborious act of administration, but by an honorary title of dignity, they shall indeed answer to the senate in their own person, but to the curia they shall make satisfaction through substitutes, with the peril of their own resources; whose children, and those begotten after their Illustrious dignity, it will be fitting to undergo not only the duties of senators, but also of decurions, in their own person, not through subrogates. and the rest. given.

iii non. april. constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss.

April 3.
At Constantinople, Isidore and Senator, consuls.

eodem exemplo eubulo praefecto praetorio illyrici. (436 apr. 3).

to the same effect, to Eubulus, praetorian prefect of Illyricum. (436 apr. 3).

CTh.12.1.188

Theodosian Code 12.1.188

Idem aa. isidoro praefecto praetorio. post alia: si qui decurio aut subiectus curiae ullam ante hanc legem gessit militiam aut coeptam dudum etiamnunc gerit aut causidicinam in foro amplissimae praefecturae orientis atque illyrici vel urbano profitetur iudicio, in eodem latarum pridem constitutionum sanctio observetur. post hanc vero legem si quis ex his ausus fuerit ullam affectare militiam, nulla praescriptione temporis muniatur, sed ad condicionem propriam retrahatur, ne ipse vel eius liberi post talem ipsius statum procreati quod patriae debetur valeant declinare.

The same Emperors to Isidore, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: if any decurion or one subject to the curia has performed any military service before this law, or even now is performing one long since begun, or professes advocacy in the court of the most ample Prefecture of the East and of Illyricum or before the Urban court, let the sanction of constitutions long since enacted be observed in the same matter. But after this law, if any of these shall have dared to aspire to any military service, let him be fortified by no prescription of time, but be drawn back to his proper condition, lest he himself or his children begotten after such his status be able to turn aside what is owed to the fatherland.

et cetera. dat. iii non.

and so forth. given on the 3rd before the Nones.

april. constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. (436 apr.

april. at constantinople, isidore and senator, consuls. (436 apr.

3).

CTh.12.1.189

Theodosian Code12.1.189

Idem aa. isidoro praefecto praetorio. alexandrinis principalibus, etsi advocatione fungantur, nihilo minus peregrinatio ne incumbat nec cura publica nisi in sua tantum civitate committatur. et primus curiae, qui in muneribus universis expletis ad summum pervenerit gradum, comitivae primi ordinis frui per quinquennium dignitate praestita nec senatoriis minime functionibus obstringatur, in curia tamen permaneat.

the same augusti to isidore, praetorian prefect. to the alexandrian principales, even if they perform advocacy, nonetheless let no peregrination be incumbent, nor let public care be committed except only in their own city. and the primus of the curia, who, with all munera fulfilled, shall have reached the highest grade,
is to enjoy, for a quinquennium, the dignity of the comitiva of the first order that has been bestowed, and let him by no means be bound to senatorial functions; yet let him remain in the curia.

dat. prid. non.

dated the day before the Nones.

iun. constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. (436 iun.

jun. at constantinople, with isidore and senator, consuls. (436 jun.

4).

CTh.12.1.190

Idem aa. isidoro praefecto praetorio. quinque primates ordinis alexandrini a corporalibus iniuriis immunes esse censemus, ut voce libera commoditates patriae defendant, cum possint, si quid egerint criminose, pecuniariis coherceri dispendiis. aestimabuntur autem praesente curia viri spectabilis augustalis iudicio.

The same emperors to Isidorus, praetorian prefect. We decree that the five primates of the Alexandrian order be immune from bodily injuries, so that with a free voice they may defend the interests of their fatherland, since, if they should have done anything criminally, they can be restrained by pecuniary losses. They shall, however, be assessed, with the curia present, by the judgment of the Augustalis, a man of spectabilis rank.

dat. prid. non.

Dated the day before the Nones.

iun. constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. (436 iun.

jun. at constantinople, isidore and senator as consuls. (436 jun.

4).

CTh.12.1.191

Idem aa. isidoro praefecto praetorio. eum, qui xxx annos in alexandrina civitate civilibus inhaeserit muneribus, corporalibus muniis, non pecuniariis excusari conveniet, habita consideratione videlicet meritorum, ut hoc bene cogniti privilegium consequantur nec eo passim fruantur indigni. dat.

The same Emperors to Isidore, praetorian prefect. He who has adhered for 30 years in the Alexandrian city to civil duties, from corporal services, not pecuniary, it will be proper to be excused, due consideration, namely, of merits being had, so that those well-recognized may obtain this privilege and that the unworthy may not everywhere enjoy it. Given.

prid. non. iun.

the day before the Nones of June (June 4).

constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. (436 iun. 4).

at constantinople, isidore and senator, consuls. (436 Jun. 4).

CTh.12.1.192

Theodosian Code 12.1.192

Idem aa. isidoro praefecto praetorio. si quos spontaneos hypomnematografi munificos suis exhortationibus ad publicas nominaverint functiones, augustalis iubemus non expectandum esse consensum, qui fit plerumque venalis, sed utriusque partis sufficere voluntatem, ut incipiat functio, quam nullus incusat, tum ad memoratum iudicem tam nominati quam etiam creatoris consona relatione currente: quam si suscipere vel confirmare distulerit, sciat se xxv auri librarum condemnatione plectendum. dat.

The same Augusti to Isidore, Praetorian Prefect. if any hypomnematographers by their exhortations shall have nominated munifices for public functions, we order that the Augustalis is not to wait for consent, which for the most part becomes venal, but that the will of both parties suffice, so that the function, which no one incriminates, may begin, then with a consonant report proceeding to the aforesaid judge from both the nominated one and also the creator: which, if he shall have deferred to undertake or to confirm, let him know that he is to be punished with a condemnation of 25 pounds of gold. Given.

prid. non. aug.

the day before the Nones of august

constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. (436 aug. 4).

at Constantinople Isidore and
Senator, consuls. (436 aug. 4).

CTh.12.2.0. De praebendo salario

CTh.12.2.0. On providing salary

CTh.12.2.1

Imp. constantius a. ad marcellinum comitem orientis. post alia: nulli salarium tribuatur ex viribus rei publicae nisi ei, qui iubentibus nobis specialiter fuerit consecutus.

Emperor constantius Augustus to marcellinus, count of the east. after other things: let no salary be granted from the resources of the Republic except to him who has specifically obtained it by our orders.

gravitas igitur tua placitis obsequatur. et cetera. dat.

therefore let your gravity comply with the decrees. and the rest. given.

v non. octob. constantinopoli limenio et catullino conss.

3 Oct., at Constantinople, in the consulship of Limenius and Catullinus.

(349 oct. 3).

(October 3, 349).

CTh.12.3.0. De praediis et mancipiis curialium sine decreto non alienandis

CTh.12.3.0. On the estates and mancipia of the curials not to be alienated without a decree

CTh.12.3.1

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio.

Emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to cynegius, praetorian prefect.

si quis decurionum vel rustica praedia vel urbana vel quaelibet mancipia venditor necessitate coactus addicit, interpellet iudicem competentem omnesque causas singillatim quibus stranguilatur exponat, ut mereatur valituram in perpetuum comparatori probata adsertione sententiam. ita enim fiet, ut nec inmoderatus venditor nec emptor inveniatur iniustus. denique nihil erit postmodum, quo venditor vel circumventum se insidiis vel obpressum potentia comparatoris queri debeat, quandoquidem sub fide actorum et de necessitate distrahentis et de voluntate patuerit comparantis.

If any of the decurions, either rustic estates or urban ones or
any slaves whatsoever the seller, compelled by necessity, assigns, let him petition the competent judge and set forth individually all the causes by which
he is straitened, so that, his assertion having been proved, he may merit a judgment that will be valid in perpetuity for the purchaser. For thus it will come about that neither an immoderate
seller nor an unjust buyer will be found. Finally, thereafter there will be nothing on account of which the seller ought to complain that he was either circumvented by snares or oppressed
by the power of the purchaser, since under the faith of the records both the necessity of the one disposing and the will of the one buying will have been made evident.

quod si quis contra vetitum occultis molitionibus per subpositas fraude personas cuiuslibet loci, quem tamen decurio distrahat, comparator exstiterit, sciat se pretio quod dederit et loco, quem comparaverit, esse privandum. dat. viii kal.

But if anyone, against the prohibition, by occult machinations through persons put forward by fraud, should turn out to be the purchaser of any place whatsoever, which, however, a decurion is alienating, let him know that he is to be deprived of both the price which he has given and the place which he has purchased. Given 8 Kalends.

dec. constantinopoli honorio n. p. et evodio conss. (386 nov.

Declared at Constantinople, under Honorius,
the most noble boy, and Evodius, consuls (386, Nov.

24).

CTh.12.3.2pr.

CTh.12.3.2pref.

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. asclepiodoto praefecto praetorio. quoniam de constitutione inclytae recordationis avi nostri de alienandis praediis curialium promulgata dubitatum est, utrum soli principales sine decreti interpositione collegarum possessiones emere vetentur an omnibus comparandorum huiuscemodi fundorum copia sine praedicta observatione negata sit, generali sanctione decernimus, ut, si curialis praedium urbanum aut rusticum vendat cuiuscumque condicionis emptori, apud rectorem provinciae idoneas causas alienationis alleget, non perfunctorie a iudice, sed verissime requirendas, ut ita demum distrahendae possessionis facultatem accipiat, si alienationis necessitatem probaverit.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Asclepiodotus, Praetorian Prefect. Since doubt has arisen about the constitution of our grandfather of illustrious memory, promulgated concerning the alienating of the estates of the curials, whether only the principals are forbidden to buy the possessions of colleagues without the interposition of a decree, or whether to all the opportunity of purchasing estates of this kind is denied without the aforesaid observance, by a general sanction we decree,
that, if a curial sells an urban or rural estate to a purchaser of whatever condition, he shall allege before the rector of the province suitable causes
of the alienation, to be inquired into by the judge not perfunctorily but most truthfully, so that only then he may receive the faculty for the possession to be sold, if
he shall have proved the necessity of the alienation.

infirma enim erit venditio, si haec fuerit forma neglecta, ita ut et pretium emptor amittat et venditori cum fructibus illaesam possessionem restituat. quae quidem de futuris contractibus observanda sunt. (423 aug.

for the sale will be invalid if this form has been neglected, such that the purchaser both loses the price and restores to the seller the possession unimpaired together with the fruits. these things indeed are to be observed concerning future contracts. (423 aug.

9).

CTh.12.3.2.1

Praeteritas vero emptiones in osdroena specialiter provincia confectas, licet ex tempore legis sub divo avo nostro promulgatae sine gestorum testificatione a qualibet persona celebratas infirmari oporteat, tamen ex prima transacta nuper indictione ita volumus infirmari, ut alterius fortunae vel honoris homines, qui sine decreto praedia curialium in memorata provincia compararunt, receptis pretiis possessiones quas emerant dominis restituant ita ut, si usuras vel sumptus rei melioratae poposcerint, a venditore percipiant, fructus invicem reddituri. dat. v id. aug.

As for past purchases concluded in the province of Osroene in particular, although, from the time of the law promulgated under our deified grandfather, those carried out by any person without the attestation of the gesta ought to be invalidated,
nevertheless from the first indiction recently elapsed we wish them to be invalidated in such a way,
that men of another fortune or honor, who without a decree acquired the estates of the curials in the aforesaid province, upon the prices having been received,
shall restore to the owners the possessions which they had bought, in such a way that, if they demand interest or the expenses of the thing improved, they shall receive them from the seller, the fruits
to be rendered in return. given 9 Aug.

eudoxiopoli asclepiodoto et mariniano conss. (423 aug. 9).

at eudoxiopolis in the consulship of asclepiodotus and marinianus (423 aug. 9).

CTh.12.4.0. De imponenda lucrativis descriptione

CTh.12.4.0. On imposing a registration upon lucrative possessions

CTh.12.4.1

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. florentio praefecto praetorio. ii qui ex lucrativa causa possessiones detinent, quae aliquando curialium fuerint, pro singulis earum iugis et capitibus quaternas siliquas annuas ordinibus nomine descriptionis exsolvant, ita ut praebitionis istius forma non praeiudicet illis civitatibus, in quibus consuetudo praecedens vel pacta quaedam vel alia necessitas ampliorem summam exigi persuadet.

The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian, Augusti, to Florentius, Praetorian Prefect. Those who, from a lucrative cause, hold possessions which at some time
have been of the curials, shall pay to the orders, in the name of description, four siliquae annually for each of their iuga and capita, so that
the form of this provision does not prejudice those cities in which preceding custom or certain pacts or some other necessity persuades that a larger sum be exacted.

et cetera. dat. v id. iun.

and so forth. given on June 9.

constantinopoli felice et tauro conss. (428 iun. 9).

at constantinople, felix and taurus, consuls. (june 9, 428).

CTh.12.5.0. Quemadmodum munera civilia indicantur

CTh.12.5.0. How the civil munera are declared

CTh.12.5.1

Imp. constantinus a. tiberiano comiti per africam. ii magistratus, qui sufficiendis duumviris in futurum anni officium nominationes impertiunt, periculi sui contemplatione provideant, ut, quamvis populi quoque suffragiis nominatio in africa ex consuetudine celebretur, tamen ipsi nitantur pariter ac laborent, quemadmodum possint ii, qui nominati fuerint, idonei repperiri.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Tiberianus, count throughout Africa. The 2 magistrates, who impart nominations for supplying duumvirs for the office of the coming year’s duty, should provide, in contemplation of their own peril, that, although in Africa the nomination is also celebrated by the suffrages of the people according to consuetude, yet they themselves strive equally and labor, how those who shall have been nominated may be found idoneous.

nam aequitatis ratio persuadet, nisi idonei fuerint nominati, ipsos, quorum est periculum, adtineri. dat. nicomediae iii kal.

for the reason of equity persuades that, unless fit persons have been nominated, those themselves, whose is the peril, be held liable. Given at Nicomedia, on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

aug. constantino a. vii et constantio caes. conss.

under the consulship of Constantine Augustus, for the 7th time, and Constantius Caesar, consuls.

(326 iul. [?] 30).

(326 July [?] 30).

CTh.12.5.2

Idem a. ad concilium provinciae africae. sacerdotales et flamines perpetuos atque etiam duumvirales ab annonarum praeposituris inferioribusque muneribus inmunes esse praecipimus. quod ut perpetua observatione firmetur, legem hanc incisam aeneis tabulis iusssimus publicari.

The same Augustus to the council of the province of Africa. We command that the sacerdotal and the perpetual flamens, and even those of duumviral rank, be immune from the praepositures of the annona and from inferior munera.
That this may be confirmed by perpetual observance, we have ordered this law, engraved on bronze tablets, to be published.

proposita xii kal. iun. karthagine feliciano et titiano conss.

Posted on May 21 at Carthage, in the consulship of Felicianus and Titianus.

(337 mai. 21).

(337 May 21).

CTh.12.5.3

Theodosian Code 12.5.3

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. probino proconsuli africae. quis tam inveniri iniquus arbiter rerum potest, qui in urbibus magnifico statu praeditis ac votiva curialium numerositate locupletibus ad iterationem quempiam transacti oneris impellat, ut, cum alii necdum paene initiati curiae sacris fuerint, alios continuatio et repetitae saepe functiones adficiant?

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Probinus, Proconsul of Africa. Who could be found so unjust an arbiter of affairs that, in cities endowed with a magnificent condition
and enriched by the wished-for numerousness of the curials, he would drive someone to a repetition of a burden already discharged, such that, while some have hardly yet
been initiated into the sacred rites of the curia, others are afflicted by continuity and by functions often repeated?

dat. xvi kal. april.

Given on the 16th day before the Kalends of April (March 17).

mediolano caesario et attico conss. (397 mart. 17).

at milan, Caesarius and Atticus, consuls. (397 March 17).

CTh.12.6.0. De susceptoribus, praepositis et arcariis

CTh.12.6.0. On receivers, provosts, and treasurers

CTh.12.6.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad edictum. si quem susceptorem evertisse constiterit rationem et ad solvendum non esse idoneum, creator eius hac necessitate teneatur, ut, quidquid ille dilapidavit, ipse de propriis rebus instauret compellaturque damnum omne sarcire, quod non esset illatum, si in idoneis nominandis competens adhibitum esset examen.

Emperor Constantine Augustus. By edict. If it has been established that any tax-receiver has overturned the account and is not fit to make payment, his creator shall be held by this
necessity, that whatever he has squandered, he himself restore from his own goods and be compelled to repair all loss, which would not have been
inflicted, if, in naming suitable persons, a competent examination had been applied.

dat. vii id. april. crispo ii et constantino ii cc. conss.

dated april 7, in the consulship of crispus for the 2nd time and constantine for the 2nd time, caesars, consuls.

(321 apr. 7).

CTh.12.6.2pr.

Theodosian Code 12.6.2, preface.

Idem a. ad eufrasium rationalem trium provinciarum. post alia: pro multis etiam et in diversis locis constitutis liceat simul auri pondus inferre, ita ut pro omnibus fundis securitas emissis cautionibus detur, ne separatim ab unoquoque auro exacto multis et adsiduis incrementis provincialium utilitas fatigetur. (325 iul.

the same a. to eufrasius, the rational (financial officer) of the three provinces. after other things: let it be permitted to bring in at once the weight of gold on behalf of many persons even established in different places, such that security be given for all the estates, cautions (sureties) having been issued, lest, with the gold exacted separately from each one, the utility of the provincials be wearied by many and continual increments. (325 Jul.

19).

CTh.12.6.2.1

Theodosian Code 12.6.2.1

Hoc quoque addimus, ut unusquisque quod debet intra anni metas, quo tempore voluerit, inferat et per tabularium apparitorem illatio cognoscatur absque omni mora auro suscipiendo, ne quis in aliena civitate sumptus faciat vel, quod est gravius, legem commissi frustratus incurrat. nam si solvere volens a suscipiente fuerit contemptus, testibus adhibitis contestationem debebit proponere, ut hoc probato et ipse securitatem debitam commissi nexu liberatus cum emolumentis accipiat et qui suscipere neglexerit, eius ponderis quod debebatur duplum fisci rationibus per vigorem officii tui inferre cogatur. dat.

We add this also: that each person pay in what he owes within the bounds of the year, at whatever time he wishes, and that the payment be acknowledged through the record-office apparitor without any delay in receiving the gold, lest anyone incur expenses in a foreign city or, what is more serious, by being frustrated incur the penalty of the commissum (forfeiture). For if, being willing to pay, he is scorned by the receiver, with witnesses brought he must put forward a protestation, so that, once this is proved, he too may receive the due security, be released from the bond of the commissum, and receive the emoluments; and the one who has neglected to receive shall be compelled, by the vigor of your office, to pay into the accounts of the fisc twice the weight which was owed. Given.

xiiii kal. aug. paulino et iuliano conss.

14th day before the Kalends of August, in the consulship of Paulinus and Julianus.

(325 iul. 19).

(325 July 19).

CTh.12.6.3

Theodosian Code 12.6.3

Impp. constantius et constans aa. claudio praefecto annonae alexandriae. susceptores centesimae dimidium, annotatores vero ceterorumque officiorum diversos homines, quos rationibus constat obnoxios esse, alterum dimidium habere censuimus, et nihil impetratoribus beneficii per rescriptum adversus ordinem constitutionis possint prodesse commenta.

the emperors Constantius and Constans, augusti, to Claudius, prefect of the annona at Alexandria. We have decreed that the susceptores of the centesima are to have one half, but that the annotatores and, moreover, in the other offices the several persons who are known from the accounts to be liable are to have the other half; and let no contrivances be able to profit those who have obtained a beneficium by rescript against the order of the constitution.

dat. kal. aug.

Given on the Kalends of August.

limenio et catullino conss. (349 aug. 1).

in the consulship of Limenius and Catullinus
(349 August 1).

CTh.12.6.4

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. ad virum clarissimum proconsulem africae dari litteras iubemus, ut, sive ex principalium sive ex honoratorum numero pro merito fidei suae industriaeque susceptor vestium electus fuerit, huiusmodi necessitatis sarcinam uno dumtaxat anno sustinere praecipiatur: exceptis tamen his, qui palatinae militiae privilegiis muniuntur vel qui officiis ac ministeriis functi merito stipendiorum, merito dignitatis ornatum se adprobant consecutos: ita tamen, ut creationis periculum a proconsulari officio non recedat.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. We order that letters be given to the most distinguished man, the Proconsul of Africa, that, whether from the number of the Principals or of the Honorati a susceptor of garments shall have been chosen, for the merit of his good faith and industry, he be directed to bear the burden of a necessity of this kind for only one year: with those, however, excepted who are fortified by the privileges of the Palatine militia, or who, having performed offices and ministries, show that they have obtained, by the merit of their stipends and the merit of their rank, the ornament of dignity: provided, nevertheless, that the peril of the creation does not depart from the proconsular office.

dat. xiiii kal. iul.

Given on the 14th day before the Kalends of July.

valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 iun. 18).

valentinian and valens, augusti, consuls. (june 18, 365).

CTh.12.6.5

Idem aa. ad secundum praefectum praetorio. perpenso prospeximus studio, ut susceptores et praepositi horreorum ex praesidali officio, qui per diversa officia militiae sacramenta gestarunt, congrua ratione crearentur. sed quoniam praeses ciliciae adseruit deesse ex his corporibus quibus possit haec sollicitudo committi, ne in praesens tempus fisci nostri seu publica emolumenta vaccillent, excellentia tua, ubi eos deesse perviderit, quos susceptores ac praepositos creari scitis prioribus iusseramus, vetustum morem consuetudinemque sectabitur, scilicet ut ex eo ordine constituantur, ex quo ante consueverant ordinari, modo ut ipse ciliciae praeses et ceteri magnitudinis tuae litteris urgeantur, ut idoneos ex diversis officiis tota sagacitate vestigent eosque gerere praestitutam scitis nostrae mansuetudinis sollicitudinem faciant.

The same emperors to Secundus, the Praetorian Prefect. Having weighed with deliberate study, we have provided that the receivers and overseers of the granaries from the praesidal office,
who through diverse offices have borne the oaths of service, be created in fitting fashion. But since the governor of Cilicia has asserted that from these
corps there are lacking those to whom this solicitude can be committed, lest for the present time the emoluments of our fisc or of the public should waver, your Excellency,
whenever you shall have perceived them to be lacking, whom you know that we had previously ordered to be created as receivers and overseers, will follow the ancient custom and usage,
namely, that they be constituted from that order from which before they were accustomed to be ordained, provided that the governor of Cilicia himself and the others be
urged by the letters of your Magnitude, to seek out fit men from diverse offices with all sagacity and to make them carry out the solicitude prescribed by the enactments of our Clemency.

nam si qui per gratiam fuerint praetermissi, necesse habet exigere publica commoditas ultionem. nec enim dubium est eos officiales, qui nunc diversis officiis obsecundant, plurimos praetermittere, quorum si qui in huiusmodi fuerint arte deprehensi, dabunt poenas, facultatibus traditis curiis, etiam capitis ac salutis. dat.

for if any shall have been passed over through favor, the public utility has necessity to exact retribution. nor indeed is it doubtful that those officials who now subserve diverse offices are passing over very many, of whom, if any shall have been detected in an artifice of this kind, they will pay penalties, their estates handed over to the curiae, even as to life and health. given.

iiii non. iul. caesarea valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

4 days before the Nones of July, at Caesarea, Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, consuls.

(365 iul. 4).

(July 4, 365).

CTh.12.6.6

Theodosian Code 12.6.6

Idem aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. tametsi iam lege apertissime cautum sit de officiis diversis, quae extra palatium sunt, susceptores debuisse constitui, tamen et hac iussione similiter designamus ab his, qui in officio magistrorum equitum et peditum militarunt, si quidem ordinis sint militaris, inquietudinem submovendam, eligendos autem susceptores e diversis officiis, scilicet quae extra palatium deputantur, additis etiam largitionalibus civitatum, quos post militiam volumus inter cetera corpora susceptionis munus agnoscere. dat.

the same augusti to mamertinus, praetorian prefect. although by law it has already been most plainly provided concerning the various offices which are outside the palace, that receivers ought to have been constituted, nevertheless by this command we likewise determine that from those who have served in the office of the masters of horse and of foot, provided they are of the military order, disturbance is to be removed, and that receivers are to be chosen from the various offices, namely those which are assigned outside the palace, with the largitional officials of the cities also added, whom, after their soldiering, we wish, among the other corporations, to acknowledge as bearing the duty of receipt. given.

xv kal. aug. valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

on the 15th day before the kalends of august, when valentinian and valens, augusti, were consuls.

(365 iul. 18).

(365 Jul. 18).

CTh.12.6.7

Theodosian Code 12.6.7

Idem aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. ad susceptionem specierum veniant, qui ante omnia sciant se decuriones non esse. ex corpore igitur diversorum officiorum quisquis idoneus repperitur tam moribus quam facultatibus, veluti matriculae per singulas provincias nomen suum adscribat, ut hac ordinatione dispositi annuas susceptiones peragant, ita ut nihil praeterea muneris pertimescant, atque expleta susceptione erogationibusque perfectis transacto illo officio cum aput iudicem fidele obsequium comprobarint, iudicii nostri digna praemia consequantur.

The same Augusti to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. Let those come to the susception of species who, before all, know that they are not decurions; from the body, therefore, of the various offices, whoever is found suitable both in morals and in resources, let him, as upon the matricula, in each province, inscribe his name, so that, arranged by this ordination, they may carry out the annual susceptions, in such a way that they fear nothing further of duty, and, the susception completed and the disbursements perfected, that office having been discharged, when they have proved faithful service before the judge, let them obtain rewards worthy of the judgment of our authority.

adiungi autem ad hoc corpus debent etiam illi, qui ex officiis singulis sint, hoc est ex tabulariis et numerariis similibusve officiis eorum officiorum, de quorum ordine hoc corpus constitui volumus. quicumque vero ex his ad honores potiores per suffragium pervenerint, susceptionis munus perfungantur ita, ut salva sit dignitas quam habent, nec ex hac ordinatione curiale consortium pertimescant. dat.

Moreover, to this corpus there ought to be added also those who are from the several offices, that is, from the tabularii and
numerarii and the similar offices of those departments, from the order of which we wish this corpus to be constituted. But whoever of these shall by suffrage have attained to higher honors,
let them perform the duty of susception in such a way that the dignity which they have is preserved, nor let them from this arrangement fear a curial consortium. Given.

prid. non. aug.

the day before the nones of august (august 4).

sirmio valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 aug. 4).

sirmium, when valentinian and valens, augusti, were consuls. (365 aug. 4).

CTh.12.6.8

Theodosian Code 12.6.8

Idem aa. ad secundum praefectum praetorio. iuxta inveteratas leges nominatores susceptorum et eorum, qui ad praeposituram horreorum et pagorum creantur, teneantur obnoxii, si minus idonei sint qui ab iisdem fuerint nominati, nec quicquam ex eorum substantia celebrata per interpositam personam emptione mercentur. dat.

The same Augusti to Secundus, the Praetorian Prefect. According to inveterate laws, the nominators of the susceptores and of those who are created to the prepositure of the granaries
and of the pagi shall be held liable, if those who shall have been nominated by the same be less than fit; nor shall they purchase anything of their substance by a purchase transacted
through an interposed person. Given.

iii kal. aug. constantinopoli valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

july 30 at constantinople valentinian and valens augusti consuls.

(365 iul. [?] 30).

(365 Jul. [?] 30).

CTh.12.6.9

Theodosian Code 12.6.9

Idem aa. ad dracontium vicarium africae. susceptores specierum idcirco per illyrici provincias ex officialium corpore creari praecepimus, quod cognitum est illos et re et fide idoneos haberi quam eos, qui in curia suscipere consueverint. verum in provinciis africae tua sinceritas hoc ab his officium iubeat amoveri atque eos susceptores specierum annonariarum manere, quos ad hanc necessitatem vetus consuetudo constringit, maxime cum, si susceptores de curia dati aliquid vel neglegentia vel fraude decoxerint, ad redintegrationem specierum, sicuti moris est, ordo qui creaverit possit artari.

The same emperors to Dracontius, vicar of Africa. We have ordered that receivers of the species be appointed through the provinces of Illyricum from the body of the officials, because it has been learned that they are considered suitable both in fact and in good faith, rather than those who have been accustomed to undertake it in the curia. But in the provinces of Africa, Your Sincerity should order that this duty be removed from these men and that those remain as receivers of the annona species (supplies in kind) whom ancient custom binds to this necessity—especially since, if receivers appointed from the curia have squandered anything either by negligence or by fraud, for the redintegration of the species, as is the custom, the order that created them can be constrained.

acc. prid. kal.

received on the day before the Kalends.

sept. constantinae valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365?

September, at Constantina, when Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, were consuls. (365?)

368? aug. 31).

368? Aug. 31).

CTh.12.6.10

Idem aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. susceptores novi non modo praesentis anni debita, verum etiam species, quae ex reliquis inferuntur, quia novae sunt ac recentes, suscipiant. dat.

The same Emperors to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. Let the new susceptores not only undertake the debts of the present year, but also the species which are brought in from the arrears, since they are new and fresh. Given.

prid. kal. nov.

the day before the Kalends of November (October 31).

romae valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 oct. 31).

at rome, when valentinian and valens, augusti, were consuls (365 oct. 31).

CTh.12.6.11

Theodosian Code 12.6.11

Idem aa. ad florentium comitem sacrarum largitionum. neminem biennio iugi allegationis officiis inservire permittat, neminem ab huiusmodi munere ad idem munus adstringi, nisi prius se vinculo sollicitudinis superioris absolverit. nam neque eos qui placuerint gravare iusti est neque illos qui displicuerint tenere prudentis.

The same emperors to Florentius, Count of the Sacred Largesses. Let him permit no one to serve for a biennium in the duties of continuous allegation; let no one be bound from a duty of this sort to the same duty, unless he shall first have freed himself from the bond of the prior solicitude. For it is neither just to burden those who have pleased, nor prudent to hold those who have displeased.

integro igitur singuli anniversario anno transcurso cogantur exponere, quibus titulis suscepta disperserint, ut facilius, si quis in furto fuerit deprehensus, recentem queat redintegrare iacturam. dat. xv kal.

Therefore, when a whole anniversary year has elapsed, let individuals be compelled to set forth under what titles they have dispersed the things undertaken, so that more easily, if anyone should be detected in theft, he may be able to reintegrate the recent loss. given on the 15th day before the Kalends.

oct. mantebri gratiano n. p. et dagalaifo conss. (366 sept.

oct., in the month of October, under Gratian, most noble boy, and Dagalaifus, consuls. (366 sept.

17).

CTh.12.6.12

Idem aa. ad rufinum praefectum praetorio. nulla debet esse causatio, quin solidi ex quocumque titulo congregati, sicut iam pridem praecepimus, in massam obryzae soliditatemque redintegrentur. et ita fiat omnis illatio, ut largitionalium et prosecutorum allectorumque fraudibus aditus obstruatur.

The same Augusti to Rufinus, Praetorian Prefect. There ought to be no pretext, but that the solidi gathered from whatever title, as we long ago instructed,
be reintegrated into the mass of obrize (refined) gold and to their solidity. And let every remittance be made in such a way that the access to the frauds of the Largitionals and the Prosecutors and the Allected
is blocked.

facile etenim eos provinciae rector a dispendio vindicabit, qui binis solidis seu ternis necessitatem solutionis implebunt, si, postquam viritim nominatimque susceperint solidos plurimorum ea, quam superius memoravimus, qualitate poscenda, omnium debitum confletur in massam. sane si idem suscipientium deprehenditur quod fuerat ante fastidium, cum obryzae materies adferatur, quae non potest displicere, sub congrua animadversione plectendus est, qui id calumniatur et reprobat, quod ad compendium simplicis satisfactionis inventum est. prius tamen ad comitatum mansuetudinis nostrae massa obryzae, quae fuerit repudiata, mittatur, ut qua sit mente reiecta, videamus.

For the rector of the province will easily vindicate from loss those who will fulfill the necessity of payment with two or with three solidi, provided that—after they have received, man by man and by name, the solidi of many, in that quality which we mentioned above as to be demanded—the debt of all is fused into a mass. Indeed, if the same fastidium of the receivers is detected as there was before, when the material of obryza is brought, which cannot displease, he who cavils at and rejects what was invented for the compendium of simple satisfaction must be punished under suitable animadversion. Yet first let the mass of obryza (refined gold) which has been repudiated be sent to the comitatus of Our Clemency, so that we may see with what mind it was rejected.

dat. iiii id. nov. gratiano n. p. et dagalaifo conss.

dated the 4th day before the Ides of November (November 10), in the consulship of Gratian, most noble boy, and Dagalaiphus, consuls.

(366 nov. 10).

(366 Nov. 10).

CTh.12.6.13pr.

The Theodosian Code 12.6.13 preface.

Idem aa. ad germanianum comitem sacrarum largitionum. quotienscumque solidi ad largitionum subsidia perferendi sunt, non solidi, pro quibus adulterini saepe subduntur, sed aut idem in massam redacti aut, si aliunde qui solvit potest habere materiam, auri obryza dirigatur, pro ea scilicet parte, quam unusquisque dependit, ne diutius vel allecti vel prosecutores vel largitionales adulterinos solidos subrogando in compendium suum fiscalia emolumenta convertant. (367 ian.

The same emperors to Germanianus, count of the sacred largesses. whenever solidi are to be delivered for the subsidies of the largesses, not solidi, in place of which adulterine (counterfeit) ones are often slipped in, but either the same reduced into a mass of bullion or, if from elsewhere the one who pays can obtain the material, refined gold is to be sent,
for that portion, namely, which each one pays, lest any longer either the allecti or the prosecutores or the largitional officials, by substituting counterfeit solidi, should convert the fiscal emoluments into their own profit. (367 Jan.

8).

CTh.12.6.13.1

Illud etiam cautionis adicimus, ut, quotienscumque certa summa solidorum pro tituli qualitate debetur et auri massa transmittitur, in septuaginta duos solidos libra feratur accepto. et cetera. dat.

We add this caution as well: that, whenever a fixed sum of solidi is owed according to the quality of the title and a mass of gold is transmitted, in the pound shall be reckoned at seventy-two solidi upon receipt. and the rest. given.

vi id. ian. romae lupicinio et iovino conss. (367 ian.

on January 8 at Rome, in the consulship of Lupicinus and Jovinus. (367 Jan.

8).

CTh.12.6.14

Theodosian Code 12.6.14

Idem aa. alexandriano comiti rerum privatarum. singulas tantum dependant centesimas, qui reditus domui nostrae debitos arcariis quotannis iuxta consuetudinem tradunt, ita tamen, ut earum quoque singularum centesimarum ratio semper evidens scientiae tuae digesta referatur, ut erogationibus cunctis aperta instructione patefactis reliquorum ratio ex eadem centesima possit agnosci. dat.

The same Emperors to Alexandrianus, Count of the Private Property. Let those who hand over to the cashiers each year, according to custom, the revenues owed to our house pay only single hundredths; nevertheless, on condition that an account of these same single hundredths also, set out in an evident digest, be always reported to your knowledge,
so that, with all disbursements laid open by clear instruction, the reckoning of the remainders may be recognized from that same hundredth. Given.

vii kal. oct. dorostoli lupicino et iovino conss.

September 25, at Dorostolum, in the consulship of Lupicinus and Jovinus.

(367 sept. 25).

(September 25, 367).

CTh.12.6.15

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. probo praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, augusti, to probus, praetorian prefect.

a possessoribus per tres vices petatur annona. in epimetris autem eam consuetudinem sinceritas tua faciat observari, ut in aridis quidem fructibus centesimam levandi dispendii causa a possessore susceptor accipiat, laridi vero et vini vicesimam consequatur. proposita vii id. ian.

from the possessors let the annona be sought in three installments. in the epimetra,
however, let Your Sincerity cause this custom to be observed: that in dry fruits the collector, for the purpose of lightening the expense, receive from the possessor the hundredth part,
but of lard and of wine let him obtain the twentieth. posted on January 7.

savariae valentiniano n. p. et victore conss. (369 ian. 7).

at Savaria, under the consulship of Valentinian the Most Noble Boy and Victor, consuls (January 7, 369).

CTh.12.6.16

Theodosian Code 12.6.16

Idem aaa. ad chilonem. frumenta, quae horreis inferuntur, pro illationis modo ilico apocharum cautionibus annotentur.

The same Augusti to Chilo. The grain which is brought into the granaries shall, according to the measure of the delivery, be immediately recorded on receipt vouchers.

non autem oportet in horreis fiscalibus nisi fiscalia frumenta constitui. dat. v id. april.

However, nothing ought to be placed in the fiscal granaries except fiscal grain. Given on April 9.

treviris post cons. gratiani a. iii et equiti v. c. (375 apr. 9).

at Trier after the consulship of Gratian Augustus 3 and Equitius, a most distinguished man (375 Apr. 9).

CTh.12.6.17

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. have hypati karissime nobis.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, augusti: greetings, hypatius, most dear to us.

unus posthac in una dioecesi auri vel argenti susceptor ne sit, nec diu penes ipsos susceptores maneat facta collatio, sed statim quodcumque a provincialibus fuerit exsolutum, sacris thesauris inferatur. dat. iii kal.

Let there not be, hereafter, in any one diocese a single receiver of gold or silver, nor let the collection that has been made remain for long in the possession of the receivers themselves; but immediately whatever shall have been paid by the provincials, let it be conveyed into the sacred treasuries. Given on the 3 Kalends.

mai. constantinopoli post cons. antoni et syagri.

may. at constantinople, after the consulship of antonius and syagrius.

(383 apr. 29).

(383 Apr. 29).

CTh.12.6.18

Theodosian Code 12.6.18

Idem aaa. flaviano proconsuli asiae. quisquis posthac, quem exactionis vel susceptionis provincia manet, non specialiter et quid et in qua specie et ex quibus titulis et pro qua indictione videatur accepisse rescripserit, quadrupli eius rei, quam debitor dedisse se dicit, illatione multetur.

The same, the most august emperors, to Flavianus, proconsul of Asia. Whoever hereafter, upon whom the province (duty) of exaction or of susception awaits, does not rescript specifically both what, and in what kind, and from which titles, and for which indiction he appears to have received, shall be fined by the imposition of quadruple of that thing which the debtor says he has given.

officium quoque, nisi ad fraudes, si forte deinceps iteratae fuerint, detegendas....Tale commissum et inquisitioni subiaceat. dat. vi id. mai.

the office-staff also, except for the purpose of detecting frauds, if by chance they should thereafter have been repeated, .... Let such an offense likewise be subject to inquisition. Given on May 10.

constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 mai. 10).

at Constantinople, Merobaudes 2 and Saturninus, consuls. (383 May 10).

CTh.12.6.19

Idem aaa. ad postumianum praefectum praetorio. in singulis stationibus et mensurae et pondera publice collocentur, ut fraudare cupientibus fraudandi adimant potestatem.

the same august emperors to postumianus, praetorian prefect. in each station, let measures and weights be publicly set up, so that, for those who desire to defraud, the power of defrauding may be taken away.

dat. v non. octob.

Given on the 3rd of October.

merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 oct. 3).

merobaudes 2 and saturninus, consuls. (383 oct. 3).

CTh.12.6.20 [=brev.12.2.1]

Imppp. grat., valent. et theodos.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius.

aaa. cynegio pf. p. exactores vel susceptores in celeberrimo coetu curiae, consensu et iudicio omnium, sub actorum testificatione firmentur, provinciarumque rectoribus eorum nomina, qui ad publici munus officii editi atque obligati fuerint, innotescant. et animadvertant, quicumque* nominaverint, ad discrimen suum universa, quae illi gesserint, redundare.

the augusti to cynegius, praetorian prefect. let the exactors or susceptors be made firm in the most renowned assembly of the curia, by the consent and judgment of all, under the testification of the acts; and let their names—of those who shall have been designated and obligated to the public munus of the office—be made known to the rectors of the provinces. and let those, whoever* shall have nominated, observe that all things which those men shall have carried out redound to their own peril.

dat. vi. kal. nov.

dated the 6th day before the Kalends of November.

constantinopoli, honorio n. p. et evodio coss.

at Constantinople, under Honorius, Most Noble Youth, and Evodius, consuls.

interpretatio. exactores et susceptores publicae functionis non secretim, sed publice praesentibus aliis curialibus vel populo necessitates agendas expediendasque suscipiant: et qui nominati vel electi fuerint, iudicibus innotescant: scituris his, qui de electione talium fuerint apud acta professi, quod, si quid everterint, ad eorum, a quibus electi sunt, dispendium pertinebit

interpretation. let the collectors and receivers of the public function not secretly, but publicly, with other curials or the people being present, undertake the necessities to be transacted and expedited: and let those who have been named or elected be made known to the judges: with it being known to those who have professed in the records concerning the election of such men, that, if they overturn anything, the loss will pertain to those by whom they were elected

CTh.12.6.21pr.

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius, and arcadius, augusti, to cynegius, praetorian prefect.

modios aeneos seu lapideos cum sextariis atque ponderibus per mansiones singulasque civitates iussimus collocari, ut unusquisque tributarius sub oculis constitutis rerum omnium modiis sciat, quid debeat susceptoribus dare; ita ut, si quis susceptorum conditorum modiorum sextariorumque vel ponderum normam putaverit excedendam, poenam se sciat competentem esse subiturum. (386 nov. 28).

we have ordered bronze or stone modii together with sextarii and weights to be set up throughout the posting-stations and the individual cities, so that each tributary, with the modii of all things set under his eyes, may know what he ought to give to the susceptores; with the result that, if anyone of the susceptores or of the makers of modii and sextarii or of weights should think that the standard is to be exceeded, let him know that he will undergo the appropriate penalty. (386 Nov. 28).

CTh.12.6.21.1

Et submotis, quae contra utilitatem populorum omnium hactenus gesta sunt, frumenti quinquagensimas, hordei quadragensimas, vini et laridi vicensimas susceptoribus dari praecipimus. humanitatis autem necessitate commoniti susceptoribus in armeniae susceptionibus longinquitatis causa frumenti et hordei quadragensimas, vini et laridi quintas decimas dari praecipimus. dat.

And with those things removed which up to now have been done against the utility of all peoples, we order that fiftieths of wheat, fortieths of barley, and twentieths of wine and lard be given to the receivers. admonished, however, by the necessity of humanity, we order that to the receivers, in the collections of Armenia, on account of the long distance, fortieths of wheat and barley, and fifteenths of wine and lard be given. Given.

iiii kal. dec. constantinopoli honorio n. p. et evodio v. c. conss.

4th day before the Kalends of December, at Constantinople
honorius, most noble boy, and evodius, most distinguished man, consuls.

(386 nov. 28).

CTh.12.6.22 [=brev.12.2.2]

Theodosian Code 12.6.22 [= Breviary 12.2.2]

Imppp. valent., theodos. et arcad.

emperors valentinian, theodosius, and arcadius

aaa. ad paulinum praefectum augustalem. non perpetui exactores in continuata vexandorum provincialium potestate, veluti concussionum dominatione, teneantur, sed per annos singulos iudiciaria sedulitate mutentur, nisi aut consuetudo civitatis aut raritas ordinis eos per biennium esse compellat.

aaa. to Paulinus, the Augustal Prefect. Let the collectors not be held in a continued power of harrying the provincials, as though under a dominion of extortions, but let them be changed every single year by judicial assiduity, unless either the custom of the city or the scarcity of the order compels them to be for two years.

quod nisi factum fuerit, scias, te et officium tuum non minus mulcta quam gravi poena esse plectendum. dat. prid.

but if this shall not have been done, know that you and your office are to be punished no less by a mulct (fine) than by a grave penalty.
Given, the day before.

kal. dec. constantinopoli, honorio n. p. et evodio v. c. coss.

December 1 at Constantinople, in the consulship of Honorius, most noble boy, and Evodius, most illustrious man, consuls.

interpretatio. lex ista hoc iubet, non debere exactores, qui uno anno exegerint, secundi anni exactionem suscipere et possessores superflua exactione vexare. sed hoc observari debere, ut annis singulis iudiciaria electione mutentur, nisi forte aut consuetudo civitatis aut raritas curialium per biennium eos exactores esse compellat. aliter enim si factum fuerit, et iudicem et officium suum mulcta pariter et gravis poena constringat

interpretation. this law orders this: that the exactors, who have exacted in one year, ought not to undertake the exaction of a second year and to vex the possessors with superfluous exaction. but this must be observed: that each year they be changed by judicial election, unless perhaps either the custom of the city or the rarity of curials compels them to be exactors for a biennium. otherwise, if it shall have been done, let both the judge and his officium be constrained equally by a fine and by a grievous penalty

CTh.12.6.23

Theodosian Code 12.6.23

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. susceptores praesentibus defensoribus et modum iugationis possessorum et species singulas vel earum numerum quantitatemque perscribant.

The same emperors to Cynegius, Praetorian Prefect. Let the receivers, with the defenders present, write out in full both the mode of iugation of the possessors and the individual species, as well as their number and quantity.

dat. iiii kal. dec.

dated on the 4th day before the Kalends of December.

constantinopoli timasio et promoto conss. (389 [?] nov. 28).

at Constantinople, with Timasius and Promotus as consuls. (389 [?] nov. 28).

CTh.12.6.24

The Theodosian Code 12.6.24

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. ad senatum et populum. post alia: susceptores canonis horreorumque praepositi singulis annis audiente viro spectabili vicario et praefecto annonae expensionem susceptarum specierum probare cogantur, ita ut, si qui eorum idonei probabuntur, quinquennio in huius officii statione permaneant et electi deinceps de curiis memorato muneri subrogentur.

The emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to the senate and people. After other matters: let the receivers of the canon and the superintendents of the granaries be compelled each year, in the hearing of a man of spectabilis rank, the vicar, and of the prefect of the grain-supply, to prove the accounting of the species (commodities) received, such that, if any of them are approved as suitable, they shall remain for five years in the station of this office, and those thereafter chosen from the curiae shall be subrogated to the aforesaid duty.

et cetera. dat. xii kal.

and the rest. given on the 12th day before the Kalends.

mai. mediolano caesario et attico conss. (397 apr.

may. at milan, in the consulship of caesarius and atticus. (397 apr.

15).

CTh.12.6.25

Theodosian Code 12.6.25

Idem aa. firmino comiti rerum privatarum. palatinum iubemus procurare officium, ut nullus praepositurae vel cuiuscumque susceptionis subeat munus, antequam iuxta legem divae memoriae gratiani et susceptorum substantiae et fideiussorum facultates diligenti descriptione collectae ad eiusdem officii notitiam perferantur, cessante responso, quod per subreptionem in aerarii nostri dispendium elicitum est. dat.

The same Augusti. To Firminus, Count of the Private Property. We order the Palatine office to see to it, that no one should undergo the duty of a praepositura or of any susception whatsoever,
before, according to the law of Gratian of divine memory, both the substance of the susceptores and the faculties of the fideiussors, gathered by diligent description, are conveyed to the knowledge of that same office, the response ceasing which, by subreption, has been elicited to the detriment of our treasury. Given.

xv kal. april. mediolano theodoro v. c. cons.

15th day before the Kalends of April. at Milan, with theodorus, a most distinguished man, as consul.

(399 mart. 18).

(399 March 18).

CTh.12.6.26

Theodosian Code 12.6.26

Idem aa. benigno vicario urbis romae. securitates semel publicatas et gestis lectas vini susceptoribus imputari et coeptam arcae discussionem volumus in apertum quaesita ratione deduci et omnes publicas securitates quae gestis tenentur a susceptoribus ferri accepto. dat.

The same Augusti, to Benignus, Vicarius of the City of Rome. We will that the securities once published and read in the records be imputed to the receivers of wine, and that the audit of the coffer already begun be led into the open with the method duly inquired, and that all public securities which are held in the records be carried by the receivers to the credit. Given.

vi id. iun. mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss. (400 iun.

June 8, at Mediolanum, under the consuls Stilicho and Aurelianus. (June 400.

8).

CTh.12.6.27pr.

Theodosian Code 12.6.27pr.

Idem aa. pompeiano suo salutem. ne fraude susceptorum, dum subducunt eos, qui apochas scripserunt, denuo soluta poscantur, manifeste sancimus, ut periculo totius corporis intra ipsam indictionem mutare eos non liceat, a quibus emissae sunt securitates, nisi falsitatis arguantur, et plurima improbare non audeant. (400 dec.

The same Augusti to their Pompeianus, greeting. Lest by the fraud of the susceptors, while they spirit away those who have written apochas (receipts), payments once made be demanded anew, we manifestly sanction that, under the peril of the entire corporate body, within the very indiction it shall not be permitted to replace those by whom the sureties have been issued, unless they are charged with falsity and do not dare to disprove very many things. (December 400

31).

CTh.12.6.27.1

Theodosian Code 12.6.27.1

Item a tabulariis quadrimenstruos breves publicari iubemus, ut, si isdem relatae securitates fideliter continent debitum, duplex non teneat exactio. (400 dec. 31).

Likewise we order four-monthly briefs to be published by the tabularii, so that, if the securities recorded in the same faithfully contain the debt, a double exaction shall not prevail. (400 dec. 31).

CTh.12.6.27.2

Si autem aliquid a susceptore vel tabulario fraudis admissum esse possessor deprehendat, nemo eorum semel in interversione convictus id rursus officium gerat, in quo ante decoxit, etsi rescriptum nostrum elicitum clandestina supplicatione detulerit. dat. prid.

But if a possessor should detect that something of fraud has been committed by a tax-collector or by a tabularius, let none of them, once convicted of interversion (misappropriation), hold that office again in which he previously defaulted, even if he has produced our rescript elicited by a clandestine supplication. Given the day before.

kal. ian. mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss.

On January 1 at Milan, in the consulship of Stilicho and Aurelianus.

(400 dec. 31).

(400 Dec. 31).

CTh.12.6.28

Theodosian Code 12.6.28

Idem aa. pompeiano proconsuli africae. si apochae ad susceptores nomine militum deferantur, nihil ex ea pecunia intra provinciam tibi creditam prorogetur, quam sub testificatione gestorum ad instructionem provinciae numidiae vel mauretaniae oportet integram pervenire, ut illic devotissimus miles emolumenta sibi debita ex integro consequatur. si quis autem post interdictum mansuetudinis nostrae apochas putaverit esse deferendas, inaniter eas sciat esse delatas nec in acceptum ei qui susceperit referendum.

The same emperors to Pompeianus, proconsul of Africa. If receipts (apochas) are delivered to the receivers in the name of the soldiers, let nothing from that money credited to you within the province be disbursed, which under the attestation of the acts ought to arrive intact for the equipment of the province of Numidia or of Mauretania, so that there the most devoted soldier may obtain in full the emoluments owed to him. But if anyone, after the interdict of our mildness, shall have thought that apochas are to be delivered, let him know that they have been delivered in vain, nor is it to be entered in receipt to the account of the one who shall have accepted it.

dat. iiii kal. mart.

dated on the 4th day before the Kalends of March (February 26)

mediolano post cons. stilichonis et aureliani vv. cc. (401 febr. 26).

at Milan after
the consulship of Stilicho and Aurelian, most distinguished men (401 Feb. 26).

CTh.12.6.29

Theodosian Code 12.6.29

Idem aa. et theodosius a. septimino proconsuli africae. dudum praecepimus, ut ex corpore negotiatorum ad suscipiendam tuendamque aurariae nostrae rationem adponeretur idoneus, qui tamen fide omnium et periculo fuisset electus. et nunc eadem renovantes ex negotiatorum sive quolibet alio corpore ad suscipiendam arcae rationem idoneum adponi praecipimus ea dumtaxat condicione servata, ut tam de suis quam officii sui facultatibus iudices noverint eruendum, si quid ille ex commissa sibi ratione crediderit usurpandum.

The same Augusti and Theodosius Augustus to Septiminus, Proconsul of Africa. Some time ago we ordered that from the body of the negotiators there be appointed a suitable man to undertake and to safeguard the account of our auraria, one who, however, would have been chosen by the faith (surety) of all and at their peril. And now, renewing the same, we order that from the body of the negotiators or from any other body there be appointed a suitable man to undertake the account of the chest, with this condition only observed: that the judges shall know that recovery is to be extracted both from his own means and from the faculties of his office, if that man has believed anything from the account entrusted to him may be usurped for his own use.

dat. x kal. mart.

given on the 10th day
before the Kalends of March.

ravennae theodosio a. i et rumorido conss. (403 febr. 20).

at ravenna, in the consulship of theodosius augustus 1 and rumoridus, consuls. (403 febr. 20).

CTh.12.6.30

Theodosian Code 12.6.30

Idem aaa. lucio comiti sacrarum largitionum. duos tabularios et susceptores totidem per universas provincias oportere constitui clementia nostra praecepit.

The same Augusti to Lucius, Count of the Sacred Largesses. Our Clemency has ordered that two tabularies and just as many susceptors be established throughout all the provinces.

super hoc autem admonuimus et praetorianam amplissimam praefecturam, quo sciret eos, qui aurum largitionale susceperunt, nihil cum arcae ratiociniis habere commune, iudices autem provinciarum quinque libris auri multandos et primates officiorum capitali poena plectendos, si hoc vel in praesenti non fuerit custoditum vel postea commutatum. dat. vi kal.

Moreover, upon this we have also admonished the most ample Praetorian Prefecture, so that it might know that those who have received largitional gold have nothing in common with the accounts of the chest, but that the judges of the provinces are to be mulcted five pounds of gold and the primates of the offices to be punished with a capital penalty, if this either has not been kept in the present or has afterward been altered. Given on the 6th day before the Kalends.

feb. basso et philippo conss. (408 ian.

Feb. under Bassus and
Philip, consuls. (408 Jan.

27).

CTh.12.6.31

Codex Theodosianus 12.6.31

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. euchario suo salutem. humilibus officiis aut extraordinariis oneribus occupari curiales non patimur, ne publica vaccillet utilitas.

the emperors honorius and theodosius, augusti, to their own eucharius, greeting. we do not permit the curials to be occupied with humble offices or extraordinary burdens, lest the public utility vacillate.

susceptionem itaque vestium aequius est ab officio proconsulari vel ab his qui in eodem meruerunt sollemniter procurari. horum namque interest huiusmodi explorare rationem et quaerere qualitatem eorum, quorum ad contuendum cura commodior est. neque enim aequum est, ut ad officium lucella, ad curialem susceptionis tantum damna pertineant.

Accordingly, it is more equitable that the provision of garments be solemnly procured by the proconsular office or by those who have served in the same. For it is the concern of these men to explore an account of this sort and to inquire into the quality of those whose care is more suitable for overseeing. For it is not fair that to the office should pertain the petty lucre, and to the curial only the losses of the undertaking.

hanc igitur ab ordinibus iniuriam submovemus, exceptis his, si qui curialium officio memorato aut militasse aut militare fuerit deprehensus. dat. prid.

Therefore we remove this injury from the orders,
excepting those, if any of the curiales shall have been discovered to have either served or to be serving in the aforementioned office. Given, on the day before.

kal. mart. ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss.

on the kalends of march at ravenna
in the consulship of honorius for the 9th time and theodosius for the 5th, the augusti, consuls.

(412 febr. 29).

(412 Feb. 29).

CTh.12.6.32pr.

Theodosian Code 12.6.32, preface.

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. volusiano praefecto praetorio. post alia: aurum sive argentum quodcumque a possessore confertur, arcarius vel susceptor accipiat, ita ut provinciae moderator eiusque officium ad crimen suum noverit pertinere, si possessoribus ullum fuerit ex aliqua ponderum iniquitate illatum dispendium.

the emperors theodosius and valentinian, augusti, to volusianus, praetorian prefect. after other matters: whatever gold or silver is contributed by a possessor, let the cashier or collector receive it, such that the governor of the province and his office know it to pertain to their own crime, if any loss has been inflicted upon possessors from any iniquity of the weights.

(429 febr. 27).

(February 27, 429).

CTh.12.6.32.1

Possessori sane securitatem sub designatione titulorum arcarius vel susceptor emittat et quidquid ex pronvinciis ad nostrum dirigetur aerarium, id non solum ad illustres viros aerarii nostri comites, sed etiam ad eminentiam tuam pari relatione deferatur. (429 febr. 27).

Let the treasurer (arcarius) or receiver (susceptor) issue to the possessor a security under the designation of the titles, and whatever from the provinces is directed to our aerarium, let it be conveyed not only to the Illustrious men, Counts of our aerarium, but also to Your Eminence by an equal report. (February 27, 429).

CTh.12.6.32.2

Contra haec nostra si quicquam vetito ausu palatinus audebit, licebit provinciae moderatori eundem correptum ad sublimitatis tuae iudicium sub prosecutione dirigere, licebit provinciali, etsi probatur obnoxius, palatini contra vetitum exactionem sibi vindicantis temeritatem legitime repellere. quam si provincialis pulsare nequiverit et delata ad illustres viros aerarii comites querimonia impediente palatino officio non meruerit ultionem, tunc demum licebit magnificentiae tuae possessorum querellas et probata aput se dispendia vindicare. dat.

Against these our provisions, if with a forbidden boldness a Palatine shall dare anything, it shall be permitted to the moderator of the province to send that same man, having been seized, to the judgment of Your Sublimity
under prosecution; it shall be permitted to the provincial, even if he is proved liable, to lawfully repel the temerity of a Palatine who, contrary to the prohibition, claims an exaction for himself.
Which, if the provincial has been unable to press, and if, with the complaint carried to the illustrious men, Counts of the Treasury, the Palatine office hindering, he has not merited redress,
then at last it shall be permitted to Your Magnificence to vindicate the complaints of possessors and the losses proven before yourself
to vindicate. Given.

iii kal. mart. ravennae post cons.

3 days before the Kalends of March, at Ravenna, after the consulship.

felicis et tauri vv. cc. (429 febr. 27).

Felix and Taurus, most illustrious men (429 Feb. 27).

CTh.12.6.33

Theodosian Code 12.6.33

Idem aa. theodosio praefecto praetorio. a byzacena provincia dudum impetratum fuisse comperimus, ut urbium suariorum curiales horreorum custodiam curamque susciperent; ideoque sancimus proconsularis provinciae horreis non praefici principalem. dat.

The same Augusti to Theodosius, Praetorian Prefect. We have learned that long ago from the province of Byzacena it was obtained that the curials of the cities of the suarii (pork-dealers) should undertake the custody and care of the granaries; and therefore we ordain that in the Proconsular province a principalis not be put in charge of the granaries. Given.

xv kal. mar. ravennae theodosio xiii et valentiniano v aa. conss.

february 15, at ravenna, in the consulship of the augusti theodosius 13 and valentinian 5.

(430 febr. 15).

(430 February 15).

CTh.12.7.0. De ponderatoribus et auri illatione

CTh.12.7.0. On weighers and the importation of gold

CTh.12.7.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad eufrasium rationalem trium provinciarum. si qui solidos appendere voluerit, auri cocti septem solidos quaternorum scripulorum nostris vultibus figuratos adpendat pro singulis unciis, xiiii vero pro duabus, iuxta hanc formam omnem summam debiti illaturus.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Eufrasius, Rationalis of three provinces. If anyone shall wish to weigh out solidi, let him weigh out seven solidi of refined gold, of four scruples, stamped with our faces, for each ounce, 14 indeed for two, according to this form the whole sum of the debt being brought in.

eadem ratione servanda, et si materiam quis inferat, ut solidos dedisse videatur. aurum vero quod infertur aequa lance et libramentis paribus suscipiatur, scilicet ut duobus digitis summitas lini retineatur, tres reliqui liberi ad susceptorem emineant nec pondera deprimant nullo examinis libramento servato, nec aequis ac paribus suspenso statere momentis. et cetera.

By the same method it must be observed, even if someone brings in raw material, so that he may seem to have given solidi. But the gold which is brought in shall be received with an even pan and equal libraments, namely, that the top of the line (linen cord) be held with two fingers, the remaining three free projecting toward the receiver, and that they not press down the weights, with no equilibrium of the assay being kept, nor the steelyard suspended with equal and like moments. And so forth.

proposita xiiii kal. aug. paulino et iuliano conss.

Posted on July 19, in the consulship of Paulinus and Julianus.

(325 iul. 19).

(325 jul. 19).

CTh.12.7.2

Theodosian Code 12.7.2

Imp. iulianus a. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. emptio venditioque solidorum, si qui eos excidunt aut deminuunt aut, ut proprio verbo utar cupiditatis, adrodunt, tamquam leves eos vel debiles nonnullis repudiantibus impeditur.

Emperor Julian Augustus to Mamertinus, Prefect of the Praetorium. The purchase and sale of solidi, if any cut them down or diminish them or, to use the proper word of greed,
erode them, is hindered, as some reject them as light or weak.

ideoque placet quem sermo graecus appellat per singulas civitates constitui zygostaten, qui pro sua fide atque industria neque fallat neque fallatur, ut ad eius arbitrium atque ad eius fidem, si qua inter vendentem emptoremque in solidis exorta fuerit contentio, dirimatur. dat. viiii kal.

And therefore it pleases that what the Greek speech
calls a zygostates be appointed in each city, who, according to his good faith and diligence, neither deceive nor be deceived, so that by his judgment and
by his good faith, if any contention shall have arisen between seller and buyer regarding solidi, it may be resolved. Given on the 9 Kalends.

mai. salonae iuliano a. iiii et sallustio conss. (363 apr.

may. at salona in the consulship of julian the augustus, for the 4th time, and sallustius, consuls.
(363 apr.

23).

CTh.12.7.3

Theodosian Code 12.7.3

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad dracontium. si quid ex proscriptionibus vel condemnationibus deposcitur, si quid ex ceteris titulis, qui annui atque sollemnes sunt vel veteres vel recentes, aut peculiaris in singulis aut certa per paucos aut uniformis in cunctos cogit indictio, non in materia conferatur, sed sub condicionalium oculis ac periculis diu multumque flammae edacis examine in ea obryza detinetur, quemadmodum pura videatur.

the emperors valentinian and valens, augusti, to dracontius. if anything is demanded from proscriptions or condemnations, if anything from the other titles,
which are annual and solemn, whether old or recent, or if an indiction compels a particular levy upon individuals, or a fixed one upon a few, or a uniform one upon all,
let it not be contributed in material, but, under the eyes and hazards of the assayers and by the examination of the devouring flame long and much, it is kept in that refined gold,
in such manner as it may appear pure.

dat. prid. non.

dated the day before the Nones.

aug. nemasia post cons. gratiani n. p. et dagalaifi.

August, at Nemausus, after the consulship of Gratian, the most noble boy, and Dagalaiphus.

(367 aug. 4).

(367 Aug. 4).

CTh.12.8.0. De auri publici prosecutoribus

CTh.12.8.0. On the prosecutors of public gold

CTh.12.8.1

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. auri prosecutores partim nulla praemissa, ut adsolet, prosecutoria aurum praesumunt, partim diutius retentant quod statim fuerat adsignandum.

the emperors honorius and theodosius, augusti, to anthemius, praetorian prefect. the prosecutors of the gold, partly, with no prosecutorial writ sent beforehand, as is customary, presume to take the gold; partly they hold back longer what ought to have been assigned at once.

ideoque censemus, ne quis absque praecepto viri illustris comitis sacrarum largitionum vel coquendum aurum sumat vel capiat deinceps retinendum. dat. xiii kal.

and therefore we decree that no one, without the precept of the illustrious man, the Count of the Sacred Largesses, shall either take gold to be smelted or take it henceforth to be retained. given on the 13th day before the Kalends.

aug. honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss. (409 iul.

the emperors honorius 8 and theodosius 3, consuls. (409 jul.

20).

CTh.12.9.0. De his, quae ex publica collatione illata sunt, non usurpandis

CTh.12.9.0. On those things which have been brought in from the public contribution, not to be usurped

CTh.12.9.1

Imp. constantinus a. nullus iudicum id, quod a re publica ex collatione susceperit, mutui interventione obposita vel invadat vel conetur invadere. dat.

Emperor Constantine Augustus: none of the judges shall either seize or attempt to seize that which he has received from the commonwealth from a public contribution, by interposing a loan claim. given.

prid. non. mart.

the day before the Nones of March.

treviris paulino et iuliano conss. (325 [?] mart. 6).

at Trier, under the consuls Paulinus and Julian. (325 [?] Mar. 6).

CTh.12.9.2

Theodosian Code 12.9.2

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. have, lampadi karissime nobis.

The emperors gratianus, valentinianus and theodosius, Augusti. Hail, lampadius, most dear to us.

nullus penitus ex eo, quod refertur in conditis vel in arca continetur, ad quemlibet titulum usurpet, nisi forte praesumendi facultatem sublimium potestatum iussione perceperit. dat. iii id. april.

Let no one at all usurp, under any title, from that which is recorded among the deposits or in
the chest is contained, unless perhaps he has received the faculty of presuming by the command of the supreme powers. Given on the 3 Ides
of April.

constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss. (382 apr. 11).

at constantinople, antonius and syagrius, consuls. (382 apr. 11).

CTh.12.9.3

Codex Theodosianus 12.9.3

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. post alia: sciant iudices nihil sibi ex privatae rei canone vel eo, quod ex isdem titulis exegerint, ad necessitates alias transferre licere, nisi malunt gravissima severitate suam licentiam coherceri.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Messala, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: let the judges know that it is not permitted for them to transfer anything for themselves from the canon of private property or from that which they have exacted from the same titles to other necessities, unless they prefer to have their license restrained by most grave severity.

dat. xvi kal. iun.

dated on the 16th day before the Kalends of June.

mediolano theodoro cons. (399 mai. 17).

at milan, in the consulship of theodorus. (399 may 17).

CTh.12.10.0. Ne praefectianus exactoris vel curiosi vel horreorum custodis fungatur officio

CTh.12.10.0. Let no prefectural man discharge the office of exactor, or of curiosus, or of custodian of granaries.

CTh.12.10.1

Theodosian Code 12.10.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad zosimum praesidem epiri novae. comperimus imperatoriae iussionis auctoritate neglecta praefectianos ad perniciem provincialium exitiumque remeasse et exactionibus in provincia meritis tuis credita vel potius lucris et quaestibus suis contra vetitum laborare, praeterea vel horreorum gerere custodiam vel curarum ius atque arbitrium sibi praesumere.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Zosimus, governor of New Epirus. We have learned that, with the authority of the imperial command neglected, the prefectural agents have returned to the ruin and destruction of the provincials, and that, in the exactions in the province entrusted to your merits—or rather to their own profits and gains—they toil contrary to the prohibition, and moreover either assume the custody of the granaries or presume for themselves the right and discretion of public charges.

horum si quis existat, volumus huius auctoritate praecepti in futurum susceptorum officiis eum deputari deque eius nomine universa clementiae nostrae auribus intimari. dat. xiiii kal.

If any of these should exist, we wish, by the authority of this precept, that he be assigned to the offices of the susceptores for the future, and that everything in his name be made known to the ears of our clemency. Given on the 14th day before the Kalends.

dec. mediolano valentiniano et valente iiii aa. conss. (373

December, at Milan, in the consulship of Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, for the 4th time (373

[365] nov. 18).

[365] November 18).

CTh.12.11.0. De curatoribus kalendarii et fideiussoribus eorum

CTh.12.11.0. On the curators of the calendar and their fidejussors

CTh.12.11.1pr.

CTh.12.11.1 preface.

Imp. constantinus a. locrio verino suo salutem. aput eos, quos superstites integris facultatibus esse pervideris vel quorum heredes incolumia retinent patrimonia, sortes kalendarii perseverare debebunt, ita tamen, ut annuas usuras suis quibusque temporibus exolvant, cum simul et rei publicae utile sit retinere idoneos debitores et ipsis commodum cumulum debiti minime nutriri.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to his Verinus at Locri, greeting. among those whom you ascertain to be survivors with intact means, or whose heirs
retain their patrimonies unharmed, the principal sums of the Kalendarium ought to persevere; yet on this condition, that they pay the annual interest at their respective times,
since at once it is useful to the commonwealth to retain suitable debtors and it is to their own advantage that the accumulation of debt be not at all nourished.

(314 ian. 30).

(January 30, 314).

CTh.12.11.1.1

Et quia nefas est obnoxiis corporibus alienatis circumscribi civitates, placuit, si qui debitor rei publicae civitatis quippiam ex eo patrimonio, quod habuit, cum pecuniam rei publicae sumeret, donaverit vel distraxerit vel qualibet in alium ratione contulerit, qualitate rei alienatae perspecta atque omnibus debitoris facultatibus consideratis, quas habuit, cum ei pecunia crederetur, pro rata ab eo, qui ex debitoris facultatibus aliquid detinet, ex sorte atque usuris postulari. itaque quotiens minus idoneum deprehenditur eius patrimonium, cuius nomen kalendario civitatis alicuius invenitur obnoxium, iudex omni diligentiae sollicitudine debebit inquirere, ad quos ex qualibet condicione transierint debitoris facultates, ut singuli aequa aestimatione habita pro rata rerum quas possident conveniantur, personalem actionem contra eum habituri debitorem, qui ipsis solventibus liberatur. ab eo autem, a quo constat fortunarum suarum partem maximam recessisse, etiam reliquam portionem quae aput eum resederit transferri ad idoneum oportebit.

And because it is impious for municipalities to be overreached by the alienation of liable persons’ assets, it has pleased that, if any debtor of the res publica of a city has, from that patrimony which he had when he took money from the res publica, given, or alienated by sale, or transferred to another in any manner anything, after the quality of the alienated thing has been inspected and all the debtor’s means have been considered, which he had when money was credited to him, it shall be demanded pro rata from him who detains anything from the debtor’s means, from the principal and the interest.
Accordingly, whenever the patrimony of him whose name is found liable in the kalendary register of some city is discovered to be less adequate, the judge, with all painstaking diligence, must inquire to whom, under whatever condition, the debtor’s means have passed, so that individuals, a fair valuation having been made, may be proceeded against pro rata for the things which they possess, having a personal action against the debtor himself, who is released by their paying.
But from him from whom it is established that the greatest part of his fortunes has departed, the remaining portion also which has remained with him must be transferred to a suitable person.

(314 ian. 30).

(314 Jan. 30).

CTh.12.11.1.2

Quod si quispiam debitor rei publicae civitatis fisco nostro locum fecerit, emptores quidem, qui ex fisco nostro comparaverint, manifestum est secundum ius vetus et rescripta divorum constitutionesque nostras nullam debere molestiam sustinere, cum huiusmodi casibus rem publicam placuerit fortuita dispendia sustinere; qui vero aliquid ex eiusdem bonis principali liberalitate fuerint consecuti, iuxta legem latam obnoxii erunt rei publicae habita solidarum facultatum consideratione, quae fuerant debitoris, cum pecuniam rei publicae sumeret, ut pro rata corporis, quod ex largitate nostra retinent, competentem sortis atque usurarum partem exigantur. (314 ian. 30).

But if any debtor of the commonwealth of a city has yielded place to our fisc, the purchasers indeed, who have acquired from our fisc, it is manifest, according to the old law and the rescripts of the deified emperors and our constitutions, ought to sustain no annoyance, since in cases of this kind it has pleased that the commonwealth should bear fortuitous losses; but those who shall have obtained anything from the same man’s goods by imperial liberality shall, according to the law that has been passed, be liable to the commonwealth, account being taken of the solid assets which had belonged to the debtor when he took the money of the commonwealth, so that, in proportion to the corpus which they retain from our largess, the fitting share of principal and interest may be exacted from them. (314 Jan. 30).

CTh.12.11.1.3

Quod si quis debitor non comparuerit vel certe ita omnia sua consumpserit, ut nemo aliquam rem ex eius bonis possideat, id quoque debitum convenit ad dispendium rei publicae pertinere. ideoque periculo curatoris kalendari et magistratuum et creatorum aput idoneos vel dominos rusticorum praediorum pecunia collocanda est. proposita iii kal.

But if any debtor has not appeared, or indeed has so consumed all his property that no one possesses anything from his goods, that debt too ought to pertain to the loss of the commonwealth. Therefore, under the liability of the curator of the kalendarium and of the magistrates and of the appointees, the money must be placed with suitable persons or with the owners of rural estates. published on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

feb. volusiano et anniano conss. (314 ian.

feb., Volusianus and Annianus, consuls. (314 jan.

30).

CTh.12.11.2

Theodosian Code 12.11.2

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. ad hellenium vicarium urbis.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to hellenius, vicar of the city.

kalendariorum nomen tam oleariae arcae quam frumentariae non multo ante oratio ad senatum missa noscitur antiquasse. ne igitur ea, quae aboleri ante censuimus, novis calumniarum facibus inardescant, tua providebit instantia. nos enim, quo sanctius quae cauta sunt observentur, xx librarum auri multa iudicem censuimus esse plectendum ac primates officii capitali cohercendos esse sententia.

The name of the Kalendars, both for the oil chest and for the grain chest, is known to have been abolished not long before by an oration sent to the senate. Therefore, your diligence will provide that those things which we previously judged to be abolished do not blaze up with new torches of calumnies. For we have decreed that, in order that what has been provided may be observed more sacredly, the judge be punished with a fine of 20 pounds of gold, and the chiefs of the office be coerced by a capital sentence.

dat. non. aug.

given on the Nones of August.

honorio n. p. et evodio conss. (386 aug. 5).

in the consulship of honorius, most noble boy, and evodius, consuls (386 aug. 5).

CTh.12.12.0. De legatis et decretis legationum

CTh.12.12.0. On legates and the decrees of legations

CTh.12.12.1

Impp. constantius et constans aa. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. in africanis provinciis universis conciliis liberam tribuo potestatem, ut congruente arbitrio studii condant cuncta decreta aut commodum quod credunt consulant sibi, quod sentiunt eloquantur decretis conditis missisque legatis.

Emperors Constantius and Constans, Augusti, to Taurus, Praetorian Prefect. In the African provinces I grant to all councils free authority, so that, with a fitting discretion of zeal, they may enact all decrees, or consult for themselves whatever advantage they believe, and express what they think, with decrees enacted and legates sent.

nullus igitur obsistat coetibus dictator, nemo conciliis obloquatur. dat. kal.

Therefore let no dictator stand in the way of the gatherings, let no one speak against the councils. Given on the Kalends.

aug. mediolano arbitione et lolliano conss. (355 aug.

Aug., at Milan, in the consulship of Arbitio and Lollianus
(355 Aug.

[?] 1).

CTh.12.12.2

Theodosian Code 12.12.2

Idem aa. et iulianus c. musoniano praefecto praetorio. nullus ad gentem axumitarum et homeritarum ire praeceptus ultra annui temporis spatia debet alexandriae de cetero demorari nec post annum percipere alimonias annonarias. dat.

the same emperors and julian, caesar, to musonianus, praetorian prefect. no one ordered to go to the nation of the aksumites and the homerites ought hereafter to linger at alexandria beyond the span of a year, nor after a year to receive annona rations. given.

xviii kal. feb. mediolano indictione xv constantio a. viii et iuliano c. conss.

18 days before the Kalends of February [January 15], at Milan, in the 15th indiction, under the consuls Constantius Augustus for the 8th time and Julian Caesar.

(356 ian. 15).

(356 Jan. 15).

CTh.12.12.3

Theodosian Code 12.12.3

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. provinciales desideriorum suorum decreta initio aput acta ordinariorum iudicum prosecuti ad sedis tuae eminentiam mittant, ut impudentior petitio refutetur aut iustior petita commoda consequatur.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. Let the provincials, having in the first instance pursued the decrees of their desires before the acta of the ordinary judges,
send on to the eminence of your seat, so that a more impudent petition may be refuted or the more just may obtain the requested advantages.

si qua autem eiusmodi fuerint, quae magnificentiam tuam probabili cunctatione destringant, super his satis erit consuli scientiam nostram, ita ut cunctas petitiones cum litteris tuis legatorum unus advectet. dat. iii kal.

But if there should be any of such a kind as would constrain your Magnificence with a reasonable hesitation, on these matters it will suffice to consult our knowledge, so that one person may convey all the petitions with the letters of your legates. Dated the 3rd day before the Kalends.

iun. serdicae divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 mai.

June. At Serdica, when the divine Jovian and Varronianus were consuls (364 May.

[?] 30).

CTh.12.12.4

Idem aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. iuxta legem divi constantini nihil post tractatum habitum civitatum voluntate mutetur sive mutiletur, sed integrae atque illibatae civitatum petitiones ad magnificentissimae sedis tuae notitiam perferantur, ut sit examinis tui, quaenam ex his auxilio tuo implenda protinus, quae clementiae nostrae auribus intimanda videantur. dat.

Likewise the same emperors to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. According to the law of the deified Constantine, nothing after a conference has been held is to be changed or mutilated by the will of the cities
but the petitions of the cities, whole and unblemished, are to be conveyed to the notice of your most magnificent seat, so that it may be for your examination
which of these are to be fulfilled at once by your aid, and which seem to be reported to the ears of our clemency. Given.

vii id. sept. aquileiae divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 sept.

on the 7th day before the Ides of September, at Aquileia, the deified
Jovian and Varronianus being consuls. (364 sept.

7).

CTh.12.12.5

Theodosian Code 12.12.5

Idem aa. victori duci aegypti. cum legati gentilium venerint, obsignari eorum tabulas oportet, ut ad mansuetudinem nostram fides earum, quae a regulis profectae fuerint, litterarum et numerus perferatur, ne per hanc occasionem etiam addendi in epistulis possit his facultas aperiri. dat v kal.

The same Emperors to Victor, dux of Egypt. When envoys of the gentiles have come, their tablets ought to be sealed, so that to our mansuetude the good faith of the letters which shall have proceeded from the reguli, and their number, be conveyed, lest by this occasion the capacity also of adding in epistles be opened to them. Given on the 5th day before the Kalends.

ian. divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 dec.

jan. in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus (364, Dec.

28).

CTh.12.12.6

Theodosian Code 12.12.6

Idem aa. et gratianus a. ad claudium proconsulem africae. legati, qui ad comitatum nostrum non cum necessariis desideriis et probabilibus rebus advenerint, cum iniuria sui ad provinciam animalibus propriis revertentur. dat.

The same Augusti and Gratian Augustus, to Claudius, proconsul of Africa. Legates who shall have come to our comitatus not with necessary desires and probable matters will return to their province, to their own injury, with their own beasts.
Given.

iiii non. feb. treviris valentiniano n. p. et victore conss.

on the 4th day before the Nones of February, at Trier, under Valentinian, most noble youth, and Victor, consuls.

(369 febr. 2).

(369 February 2).

CTh.12.12.7

Theodosian Code 12.12.7

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. eutropio praefecto praetorio.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, augusti. to eutropius, praetorian prefect.

cum desideria sua singulae civitates cupiunt explicare, non viritim legatos mittant ad nostri numinis comitatum, sed tractatu habitoque conventu tres e provincia, qui petitiones advehant, deligantur; multae competentis denuntiatione praestrictis his, ....Qui provincias moderantur. dat. vi kal.

when each city desires to explicate its desiderata, let them not send legates man-by-man to the court of our divine majesty, but, a discussion having been held and a meeting convened, let three from the province be chosen to convey the petitions, they being constrained by the warning of an appropriate fine, ....Those who govern the provinces. given on the 6 Kal.

aug. constantinopoli gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss. (380 iul.

The Augustus at Constantinople, Gratian 5 and
Theodosius 1, the Augusti, consuls. (380 Jul.

[?] 27).

CTh.12.12.8

Idem aaa. ad severum praefectum urbi. quaecumque civitas legatos ad sacrarium nostrum voluerit ordinare, libera ei tribuatur facultas, ita tamen, ut a te probata atque elimata ad nos desideria perferantur.

The same emperors to Severus, Prefect of the City. Whatever city shall wish to ordain legates to our Sacrarium, let free faculty be granted to it, so
however, that the requests, approved and refined by you, be conveyed to us.

proposita karthagine viii kal. april. post cons.

posted at carthage on March 25, after the consulship.

syagrii et eucherii vv. cc. (382 mart. 25).

Syagrius and Eucherius, most illustrious men.
(382 March 25).

CTh.12.12.9pr.

Theodosian Code 12.12.9, preface.

Idem aaa. ad provinciales. sive integra dioecesis in commune consulerit sive singulae inter se voluerint provinciae convenire, nullius iudicis potestate tractatus utilitati earum congruus differatur neque provinciae rector aut praesidens vicariae potestati aut ipsa etiam praefectura decretum aestimet requirendum.

The same Augusti to the provincials. Whether an entire diocese shall have consulted in common or the individual provinces shall have wished to convene among themselves, let no deliberation congruent to their utility be deferred by the authority of any judge, nor let the governor of a province or a praeses consider that a decree must be sought from the vicariate authority or even from the prefecture itself.

(382 mai. 10).

(May 10, 382).

CTh.12.12.9.1

Illud etiam addimus, ut si integra dioecesis unum vel duos elegerit, quibus desideria cuncta committat, redae cursualis unius isdem tribuatur evectio; si vero singulae provinciae separatim putaverint dirigendos, singularum angariarum copia praebeatur, dummodo, sicut licere volumus oppressis deflere quae perferunt, ita provinciales nostri nec incassum peregrinationem suscipiendam eaque ad sacras aures deferenda cognoscant, quae probabiliter principibus adserantur nec superfluis perennitatem nostram existiment actibus occupandam. dat. vi id. mai.

We also add this, that if an entire diocese shall have chosen one or two, to whom it may commit all its desires, let a travel-warrant for one postal carriage of the cursus be granted to the same; if, however, the individual provinces shall have thought that persons are to be sent separately, let a supply of individual angariae be provided, provided that, just as we wish it to be permitted to the oppressed to lament what they endure, so our provincials should know that a journey is not to be undertaken in vain and that only those matters are to be carried to the sacred ears which can be plausibly asserted to the princes, and they should not suppose that our Perennity is to be occupied with superfluous acts. Given on the 6th day before the Ides of May.

brixiae antonio et syagrio conss. (382 mai. 10).

at brescia, under the consuls Antonius and Syagrius. (May 10, 382).

CTh.12.12.10

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. principio praefecto praetorio.

The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius, the Augusti, to Principius, Praetorian Prefect.

quotienscumque ex diversis provinciis ad sacrum mansuetudinis nostrae comitatum legationes, quas instruxere decreta, necesse erit commeare, in auditorio quidem celsitudinis tuae universa tractentur, sed ita, ut nullum finem capiat ordo gestorum illibataque rerum decisio singularum nostro auditui sententiaeque servetur, ita ut deinceps excellentia tua, cum in consistorio mansuetudinis nostrae secundum consuetudinem ex decretis petitiones legatorum de nostris scriniis recitantur, motum proprii arbitrii ratione decursa sententiis, quas pandimus, referat. dat. non.

Whenever from diverse provinces delegations, which decrees have equipped, must travel to the sacred court of our Mildness, let all matters indeed be handled in the auditorium of your Loftiness; but in such a way that the record of the proceedings take no conclusion and that the inviolate decision of each several matter be reserved for our hearing and judgment; so that thereafter your Excellency, when in the consistory of our Mildness, according to custom, the petitions of the legates from the decrees are recited from our scrinia, may report, the rationale having been run through, the motion of your own discretion in the opinions which we unfold. Given on the Nones.

nov. aquileiae arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 nov.

Nov. at Aquileia
when Arcadius, Augustus, for the 1st time, and Bauto were consuls (385, Nov.

5).

CTh.12.12.11

Theodosian Code 12.12.11

Idem aaa. ad eusignium praefectum praetorio. si quis vel civitatis vel provinciae vel corporis alicuius ita prosequi desideria voluerit, ut non omnia mandata litterarum, decretorum auctoritate demonstret, inauditus ac sine effectu remeare protinus iubeatur.

Likewise, the same Augusti to Eusignius, prefect of the praetorium. If anyone, whether of a city, or of a province, or of some body, should wish to pursue their desires in such a way that he does not demonstrate all the mandates of the letters with the authority of decrees, let him be ordered at once to return unheard and without effect.

dat. xv kal. mart.

Given on the 15th day before the Kalends of March.

ticini honorio n. p. et evodio conss. (386 febr. 15).

at Ticinum, under the consuls Honorius, most noble youth, and Evodius. (386 Feb. 15).

CTh.12.12.12pr.

Theodosian Code 12.12.12, preface.

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. apodemio praefecto praetorio per illyricum.

the emperors theodosius, arcadius and honorius, the augusti, to apodemius, praetorian prefect for illyricum.

si quod extraordinarium concilium postulatur, cum vel ad nos est mittenda legatio vel vestrae sedi aliquid intimandum, id, quod inter omnes communi consilio tractatuque convenerit, minime in examen cognitoris ordinarii perferatur. provincialium enim desideria, quibus necessaria saepe fortuitis remedia deposcuntur, vobis solis agnoscere atque explorare permittimus, nobis probationem ac iudicium reservamus. (392 iul.

if any extraordinary council is requested, when either a legation is to be sent to us or something is to be intimated to your seat, that which has been agreed among all by common counsel and discussion is by no means to be carried into the scrutiny of the ordinary judge. for the petitions of the provincials, in which necessary remedies are often demanded for fortuitous emergencies, we permit you alone to recognize and to explore; for ourselves we reserve the approbation and the judgment. (July 392.

28).

CTh.12.12.12.1

Ad provinciale concilium in una frequentiore totius provinciae urbe cunctos volumus convenire, qui primatum honorantur insignibus, exceptis praefectoriis, quos dignitatibus ampliatos indignum a consiliantibus praeteriri, indignius vero ad publicum cum honoris iniuria devocari; unde honestum esse censemus de singulis quae tractanda erunt intra domos suas eos consuli, (392 iul. 28).

We want all who are honored with the insignia of primacy to convene for the provincial council in one more-frequented city of the whole province, except the prefectorials, whom—advanced in dignities—it is unworthy for the deliberators to pass over, and more unworthy indeed to summon into the public with an injury to their honor; whence we judge it honorable that, on each of the matters to be handled, they be consulted within their own houses, (392 Jul. 28).

CTh.12.12.12.2

Ut nec plebi mixta dignitas inclinetur nec eius, cuius praesentiae copia deerit, probatum in re publica consilium neglegatur; scilicet ut in loco publico de communi utilitate sententia proferatur atque id, quod maioris partis probarit adsensus, sollemnis firmet auctoritas. dat. v kal.

So that neither dignity, when mingled with the plebs, be bowed, nor the counsel approved in the commonwealth be neglected because of him whose presence will be lacking; namely, that in a public place an opinion concerning the common utility be put forth, and that what the assent of the greater part shall have approved, solemn authority ratify. given on the 5 Kalends.

aug. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss. (392 iul.

the augustus at constantinople, in the consulship of arcadius augustus, 2nd time, and rufinus, consuls. (392 july

28).

CTh.12.12.13pr.

Codex Theodosianus 12.12.13 pr.

Idem aaa. apodemio praefecto praetorio. provinciale concilium quo tempore iniri debeat, cum adsensu omnium atque consilio propria auctoritate definiat, ita ut ipse conventus in una opulentiore totius provinciae urbe absque ullius iniuria celebretur.

The same three Augusti to Apodemius, praetorian prefect. the provincial council, at what time it ought to be initiated, let him define by his own authority, with the assent of all and with counsel, so that the gathering itself be held in one more opulent city of the whole province, without injury to anyone.

inde quod in consilium communia vota deducunt, vel in aede publica vel in aliqua fori parte tractetur, ad quam omnium possit esse concursus, ne quid dispositio paucorum tegat, quod in communem utilitatem expetat sollicitudo cunctorum. (392 sept. 10).

then let that which the common votes bring before the council be discussed either in a public temple or in some part of the forum, to which there can be a concourse of all, lest anything
be covered by the disposition of a few, which the solicitude of all seeks for the common utility. (September 10, 392).

CTh.12.12.13.1

Si quis autem eorum virorum, quos emeritos honor a plebe secernit, provincialium extraordinario cupit interesse concilio, pro suo loco atque ordine servata reverentia dignitatis vel ad eum locum, in quo cunctorum desideria possit agnoscere, ire debebit vel procuratoribus destinatis sententiae suae promere voluntatem, modo ut, quod voluerit paucorum voluntas, publica convocetur auctoritas. dat. iiii id. sept.

But if any of those men whom well-earned honor sets apart from the plebs should desire to take part in the extraordinary council of the provincials, with the reverence of his dignity preserved according to his place and order, he ought either to go to that place in which he can recognize the desires of all, or to declare the will of his opinion to the appointed procurators, provided that, for that which the will of a few shall have wished, the public authority be convened. given on the 4th day before the Ides of
September.

constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss. (392 sept. 10).

At Constantinople, in the consulship of Arcadius Augustus for the 2nd time and Rufinus. (392 Sept. 10).

CTh.12.12.14

Theodosian Code 12.12.14

Imppp. honorius et theodosius aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio et patricio. omnium legationum provincialium instructiones aput sublimitatem tuam actis legi pensarique praecipimus, ut, quae digna nutu vel indulgentia nostrae clementiae probabuntur, eligere ac referre ad nos sublimitas tua non ambigat.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect and Patrician. The instructions of all provincial legations before your Sublimity we order to be read in the records and weighed, so that, whatever shall be approved as worthy of the nod or indulgence of our clemency, your Sublimity may not hesitate to select and report to us.

nam remedia fessis quibusque necessaria nostro arbitrio decernentur. dat. xiiii kal.

for remedies for the weary and the necessaries for each will be decreed by our arbitrament. Given on the 14th day before the Kalends.

octob. constantinopoli basso et filippo conss. (408 sept.

october. at constantinople, with bassus and philippus as consuls. (408 sept.

18).

CTh.12.12.15

Codex Theodosianus 12.12.15

Idem aa. monaxio praefecto praetorio. quotiens legatio destinatur, universos curiales praecipimus, qui intra urbem consistunt, si non aegritudine vel alia inexcusabili necessitate impediuntur, in locum curiae convenire et decreta sua propria subscriptione firmata viro spectabili praefecto augustali insinuare, ut eius relatione tuis virtutibus intimata et sub examine tuo perpensa venire necne legati debeant, ordinetur: nulli penitus legatione libera committenda et auro coronario non, sicut nuper factum est, ab his colligendo, qui venditis honoribus, ut ad gradus altiores venirent, contra licitum coemerunt, quos quidem recepta summa quam dederunt universa munia patriae implere praecipimus, sed a curia omni praestando vindicta huius facinoris tuae sublimitati permissa. et cetera.

The same emperors to Monaxius, Praetorian Prefect. Whenever a legation is appointed, we command all the curiales who reside within the city, if they are not hindered by sickness or by some other necessity not to be excused, to convene in the place of the curia and to make known their decrees, confirmed by their own subscription, to the man of Spectable rank, the Augustal Prefect, so that by his report, intimated to Your Virtues and weighed under your examination, it may be ordered whether the envoys ought to come or not, let it be ordered: a free legation is by no means to be entrusted to anyone at all, and crown-gold is not, as was lately done, to be collected from those who, honors having been sold, in order to come to higher grades, bought up contrary to what is licit, whom indeed, the sum which they gave having been recovered, we order to discharge all the duties of their fatherland, but as to everything to be exacted from the curia, the punishment of this crime is entrusted to Your Sublimity. And so forth.

dat. iii non. octob.

dated on the 3rd day before the Nones of October (October 5).

constantinopoli d. n. theodosio a. vii et palladio v c. conss. (416 oct. 5).

at Constantinople, our lord Theodosius, Augustus, for the 7th time, and Palladius, a most distinguished man, consuls. (416 Oct. 5).

CTh.12.12.16

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. hierio praefecto praetorio. civitatum postulata, decreta urbium, desideria populorum liquido tua sublimitas recognoscit ad imperialis officium pertinuisse responsi admissosque sacrariis nostris semper sui imperatoris aspectu decoratos esse legatos; dixisse libere, quae illorum fuerant a communi fidei constantiaeque commissa.

The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian, Augusti, to HIERIUS, Praetorian Prefect. The petitions of the communities, the decrees of the cities, the desires of the peoples your Sublimity clearly recognizes to have pertained to the office of an imperial response, and that legates admitted to our sacred halls have always been adorned by the sight of their own emperor, to have spoken freely what had been entrusted to them by the common faith and constancy.

dat. kal. iun.

Given on the Kalends of June.

nicomediae dd. nn. theodosio xii et valentiniano ii aa. conss. (426 iun. 1).

at nicomedia, by our lords.
theodosius 12 and valentinian 2, the augusti, consuls. (426 June 1).

CTh.12.13.0. De auro coronario.

CTh.12.13.0. On crown-gold.

CTh.12.13.1

Imp. iulianus a. ad sallustium praefectum praetorio. aurum coronarium munus est voluntatis, quod non solum senatoribus, sed ne aliis quidem debet indici.

Emperor Julian, Augustus, to Sallust, praetorian prefect. Coronation gold is a gift of free will, which ought to be imposed not upon senators, nor indeed upon others either.

licet quaedam indictionum necessitas postulaverit; sed nostro arbitrio reservari oportebit. dat. iii kal.

although a certain necessity of the indictions has demanded; but it ought to be reserved to our discretion. given on the 3rd day before the kalends.

mai. mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 apr.

May. Mamertinus and Nevitta, consuls. (362 Apr.)

29).

CTh.12.13.2

Theodosian Code 12.13.2

Imppp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. universi, quos senatorii nominis dignitas non tuetur, ad auri coronarii praestationem vocentur exceptis his, quos lex praeterita ab hac collatione absolvit.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Mamertinus, Prefect of the Praetorium. All whom the dignity of the senatorial name does not protect shall be summoned to the prestation of crown-gold
excepting those whom the previous law absolved from this contribution.

omnes igitur possessores aut inter decuriones coronarium aurum aut inter senatores glebalem praestationem deinceps recognoscant. dat. v kal.

Therefore let all possessors henceforth recognize either, among the decurions, the crown-gold, or, among the senators, the glebal prestation. Given on the 5th before the Kalends.

sept. emonae divo ioviano et varroniano v. c. conss. (364 aug.

sept. at Emona, under the consuls the deified Jovian and Varronianus, a most illustrious man (v.c.). (364 Aug.

28).

CTh.12.13.3

Theodosian Code 12.13.3

Idem aa. ad probum praefectum praetorio. nullus exceptis curialibus, quos pro substantia sui aurum coronarium offerre convenit, ad oblationem hanc adtineatur. dat.

The same Emperors to Probus, Praetorian Prefect. Let no one, except the curiales, whom it is fitting, according to their means, to offer coronation gold, be held to this offering. Given.

viiii kal. iul. savariae valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

june 23, at savaria, under the consulship of valentinian and valens, the augusti.

(368? 370? 373?

iun. 23).

June 23).

CTh.12.13.4

Theodosian Code 12.13.4

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. pancratio praefecto urbi.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, the Augusti, to Pancratius, Prefect of the City.

quae diversarum ordines curiarum vel amore proprio vel indulgentiarum laetitia vel rebus prospere gestis admoniti in coronis aureis signisque diversis obtulerint, in quacumque fuerint oblata materia, in ea suscipiantur, ne id, quod voluntate offertur, occasione obryzae incrementi, necessitatis iniuria insequatur. dat. iiii id. aug.

whatever the orders of the various curiae, prompted either by their own affection, or by the joy of indulgences, or by affairs conducted prosperously, shall have offered in golden crowns and in various insignia, in whatever material they have been offered, let them be accepted in that, lest that which is offered by free will, on the occasion (pretext) of an increase in refined gold, be followed by the injury of necessity. Given on August 10.

vico augusti auxonio et olybrio conss. (379 aug. 10).

at the Vicus Augusti; Ausonius and Olybrius, consuls. (379 aug. 10).

CTh.12.13.5

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. ad collationem auri coronarii placuit neminem absque consuetudine esse cogendum.

The same, the Augusti, to Cynegius, Praetorian Prefect. As to the collation of coronary gold, it has been decreed that no one be compelled apart from custom.

dat. xv kal. feb.

given on the 15th day before the Kalends of February.

constantinopoli richomere et clearcho conss. (384 ian. 18).

at constantinople, under the consuls Richomer and Clearchus. (384 jan. 18).

CTh.12.13.6

Idem aaa. gaddanae satrapae sofanenae. aurum coronarium his reddi restituique decernimus, quibus illicite videtur ablatum, ut secundum consuetudinem moris antiqui omnes satrapae pro devotione, quae romano debetur imperio, coronam ex propriis facultatibus faciant serenitati nostrae sollemniter offerendam.

The same Augusti to Gaddana, satrap of Sophanene. We decree that crown-gold be returned and restored to those from whom it seems to have been illicitly taken, so that according to
the consuetude of ancient custom all the satraps, for the devotion which is owed to the Roman imperium, may make
a crown from their own resources to be solemnly offered to Our Serenity.

dat. xviii kal. iul.

given on the 18th day before the Kalends of July.

constantinopoli valentiniano a. iii et eutropio conss. (387 iun. 14).

at constantinople, in the consulship of valentinian, augustus, for the 3rd time, and eutropius, consuls (387 june 14).

CTh.12.14.0. De irenarchis

CTh.12.14.0. On irenarchs

CTh.12.14.1

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. irenarcharum vocabula, quae adsimulata provincialium tutela quietis ac pacis per singula territoria haud sinunt stare concordiam, radicitus amputanda sunt.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. The appellations of irenarchs, which, under the simulated guardianship of the provincials’ quiet and
peace through each territory, by no means allow concord to stand, must be amputated root and branch.

cesset igitur genus perniciosum rei publicae; cesset rescriptorum irenarchas circiter inconvulsa simplicitas et celsitudinis tuae sedes provinciarum defendenda suscipiat pacis huiusmodi, locupletioribus commissura, praesidia. dat. viii kal.

Let, therefore, the pernicious kind to the republic cease; let the unshaken simplicity of rescripts about irenarchs cease, and let the seat of Your Highness undertake the defense of the provinces, to commit to the more opulent the presidia of peace of this sort. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

ian. constantinopoli honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss. (409 dec.

jan. at Constantinople Honorius for the 8th and Theodosius for the 3rd, the emperors, consuls. (409 dec.

25).

CTh.12.15.0. De centurionibus

CTh.12.15.0. On centurions

CTh.12.15.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. vincentio praefecto praetorio. hac auctoritate sancimus, ut, quicumque centurionum corpus deseruit nullis dignitatum privilegiis excusatus, debitum munus subire cogatur.

Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Vincentius, Praetorian Prefect. By this authority we sanction that whoever has deserted the corps of the centurions, excused by no
privileges of dignities, be compelled to undergo the due duty.

dat. id. septemb. mediolano theodoro cons.

Given on the Ides of September, at Milan, in the consulship of Theodorus.

(399 sept. 13).

(399 Sept. 13).

CTh.12.16.0. De mancipibus

CTh.12.16.0. On contractors

CTh.12.16.1

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. albino praefecto urbis romae.

The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius, Augusti, to Albinus, Prefect of the City of Rome.

quicumque vel rescripti adversus veteres sanctiones subreptiva defensione munitur vel de minusculis corporibus aut certe otiosis idoneus adprobatur, functioni mancipatus est addicendus. dat. xvii kal.

Whoever is either fortified by a surreptitious defense of a rescript against the ancient sanctions, or is approved as suitable from the very small corporations, or at any rate from idle ones, must be adjudged as mancipated to the function. Given, on the 17th day before the Kalends.

sept. romae timasio et promoto conss. (389 aug.

september, at Rome, in the consulate of Timasius and Promotus. (389 Aug.

16).

CTh.12.17.0. De his, qui numero liberorum vel paupertate excusationem meruerint

CTh.12.17.0. On those who have merited an exemption by the number of children or by poverty

CTh.12.17.1pr.

CTh.12.17.1pref.

Imp. constantinus a. dalmatio. quoniam cognovimus nonnullos vacationem a nobis personalium munerum impetrasse, alienos pro suis liberis nostris conspectibus offerentes, iubemus eos, cum hoc probatum sit, indulto beneficio privari, eos autem, qui cuiuscumque sexus liberos quinque habeant, impetrata semel vacatione potiri, ita ut, si in hoc numero filius legitimae aetatis inveniatur, obeundis statim pro suo patre muneribus adplicetur, patribus, qui filios vel filias quinque habuerint, promissa legibus immunitate servanda.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Dalmatius. Since we have learned that some have obtained a vacation (exemption, vacatio) from personal munera from us, presenting strangers to our sight as their own children, we order that, when this has been proven, they be deprived of the granted indult; but that those who have five children of whatever sex may enjoy, once obtained, an exemption, provided that, if in this number a son of lawful age is found, he be immediately assigned to the discharge of the munera on behalf of his father; for fathers who have had five sons or daughters, the immunity promised by the laws is to be observed.

(324 iun. 19).

(June 19, 324).

CTh.12.17.1.1

Quod si quis propter censum tenuem vacationem meruerit atque hoc probaverit, beneficio potiatur, si propter rerum angustias ad personalia vocabatur obsequia. dat. xiiii kal.

But if anyone, on account of a slender census, has merited exemption and has proved this, let him obtain the benefit, if because of straitness of resources he was being summoned to personal services. given on the 14th day before the Kalends.

feb. sirmio crispo iii et constantino ii conss. (324 iun.

feb. at sirmium, crispus for the 3rd time and constantine for the 2nd, consuls. (324 jun.

19).

CTh.12.18.0. Si curialis relicta civitate rus habitare maluerit

CTh.12.18.0. If a curial, having left the city, should prefer to dwell in the countryside

CTh.12.18.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad tatianum praefectum aegypti. iudiciario omnes vigore constringes, ne vacuatis urbibus ad agros magis, quod frequenti lege prohibetur, larem curiales transferant familiarem.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Tatianus, Prefect of Egypt. You shall constrain all with judicial vigor, lest, with the cities being emptied, the curials transfer their familiar Lar—that is, their household—to the fields, which is prohibited by frequent law.

dat. vi id. mai. marcianopoli lupicino et iovino conss.

Dated 10 May at Marcianopolis, in the consulship of Lupicinus and Jovinus.

(367 mai. 10).

(367 May 10).

CTh.12.18.2

Theodosian Code 12.18.2

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. eutychiano praefecto praetorio. post alia: curiales omnes iubemus interminatione moneri, ne civitates fugiant aut deserant rus habitandi causa, fundum, quem civitati praetulerint, scientes fisco esse sociandum eoque rure esse carituros, cuius causa impios se vitando patriam demonstrarint.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Eutychianus, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: We order that all curials be warned under threat not to flee their cities or desert to the countryside for the purpose of dwelling, knowing that the estate which they have preferred to the city is to be joined to the fisc, and that they will be deprived of that rural holding for the sake of which they have shown themselves impious by shunning their fatherland.

dat. xviii kal. ian.

Dated on the 18th day before the Kalends of January.

constantinopoli arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 [?] dec. 15).

at constantinople, in the consulship of arcadius for the 4th time and honorius for the 3rd, the augusti, consuls. (396 [?] dec. 15).

CTh.12.19.0. De his, qui condicionem propriam reliquerunt

CTh.12.19.0. On those who have relinquished their proper condition

CTh.12.19.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. vincentio praefecto praetorio galliarum. destitutae ministeriis civitates splendorem, quo pridem nituerant, amiserunt: plurimi siquidem collegiati cultum urbium deserentes agrestem vitam secuti in secreta sese et devia contulerunt.

the emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to vincentius, praetorian prefect of the gauls. cities, destitute of ministrations, have lost the splendor with which they formerly shone, for very many collegiates, abandoning the urban cultus, having followed a rustic life, have betaken themselves into secret places and byways.

sed talia ingenia huiusmodi auctoritate destruimus, ut, ubicumque terrarum repperti fuerint, ad officia sua sine ullius nisu exceptionis revocentur. de eorum vero filiis, qui tamen intra hos proxime quadraginta annos docebuntur fuisse suscepti, haec forma servabitur, ut inter civitatem et eos, quorum inquilinas vel colonas vel ancillas duxerint, dividantur, ita ut in ulteriorem gradum missa successio nullam calumniam perhorrescat. et cetera.

but we suppress such dispositions by authority of this kind, so that, wherever in the world they shall have been found, they are recalled to their duties without any attempt at exception. As to their sons, who, however, shall be shown to have been begotten within these last forty years, this form shall be observed: that they be divided between the civitas and those whose inquilines or colonae or handmaids they have taken to wife, so that the succession, sent into a further degree, may dread no challenge. And so forth.

dat. iii kal. iul.

Dated on the 3rd day before the Kalends of July.

mediolano stilichone et aureliano vv. cc. conss. (400 iun. 29).

At Milan, when Stilicho and Aurelian, most distinguished men, were consuls. (June 29, 400).

CTh.12.19.2

Theodosian Code 12.19.2

Idem aa. vincentio praefecto praetorio galliarum. actiones publicas privatasque non eadem ratione concludimus, si quidem statui publico impensius providendum est. eum igitur, qui curiae vel collegio vel burgis ceterisque corporibus intra eandem provinciam per xxx annos; in alia xl sine interpellatione servierit, neque res dominica neque actio privata continget, si colonatus quis aut inquilinatus quaestionem movere temptaverit.

The same Emperors to Vincentius, Praetorian Prefect of the Gauls. We do not conclude public and private actions by the same rationale, since indeed provision must be made more earnestly for the public interest. Therefore, him who has served the curia or a collegium or the burgi and the other corporations within the same province for 30 years; in another for 40, without interruption, neither the imperial domain nor a private action shall touch, if anyone should attempt to raise a question of colonate or inquilinatus.

et cetera. dat. iii kal.

et cetera. given on the 3rd day before the kalends.

iul. mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss. (400 iun.

jul. at Milan, with Stilicho and Aurelian as consuls. (400 jun.

29).

CTh.12.19.3

Theodosian Code 12.19.3

Idem aa. vincentio praefecto praetorio galliarum. post alia: manente hoc praecepto mansuetudinis nostrae, ut is, qui xxx annis docebitur functus officiis neque ulla umquam interpellatione pulsatus, intra eandem dumtaxat provinciam nihil calumniae super statu suo a privato neque a rei dominicae actoribus pertimescat, intra definiti temporis metas si quis docebitur fuisse conventus, iure legitimo in ordinaria sede pulsabitur, ut illic de statu eius sententia proferatur. primates sane ordinum defensoresque civitatum poenae denuntiatione constringimus, ne passim vagari curiae vel collegii defugas in publica damna patiantur.

The same emperors to Vincentius, praetorian prefect of the Gauls. After other matters: with this precept of our clemency remaining in force, that he who will be shown to have performed offices for 30 years and never to have been struck by any interpellation, within the same province only should fear no calumny concerning his status from a private person nor from the agents of the imperial estate; if within the bounds of the defined time anyone will be shown to have been convened, he shall be proceeded against by lawful right in the ordinary seat, so that there a judgment about his status may be pronounced. Indeed we constrain the primates of the orders and the defenders of the cities by the denunciation of a penalty, lest they allow fugitives of the curia or of a collegium to wander everywhere to the public harm.

quod si per gratiam tacuisse detegentur, poenam relegationis excipiant. dat. iii kal.

But if they are detected to have kept silent by favor, let them incur the penalty of relegation.
Given on the 3 Kalends.

iul. mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss. (400 iun.

jul. at milan stilicho and aurelian being consuls. (400 jun.

29).