Justinian•CODEX
Abbo Floriacensis1 work
Abelard3 works
Addison9 works
Adso Dervensis1 work
Aelredus Rievallensis1 work
Alanus de Insulis2 works
Albert of Aix1 work
HISTORIA HIEROSOLYMITANAE EXPEDITIONIS12 sections
Albertano of Brescia5 works
DE AMORE ET DILECTIONE DEI4 sections
SERMONES4 sections
Alcuin9 works
Alfonsi1 work
Ambrose4 works
Ambrosius4 works
Ammianus1 work
Ampelius1 work
Andrea da Bergamo1 work
Andreas Capellanus1 work
DE AMORE LIBRI TRES3 sections
Annales Regni Francorum1 work
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Annales Xantenses1 work
Anonymus Neveleti1 work
Anonymus Valesianus2 works
Apicius1 work
DE RE COQUINARIA5 sections
Appendix Vergiliana1 work
Apuleius2 works
METAMORPHOSES12 sections
DE DOGMATE PLATONIS6 sections
Aquinas6 works
Archipoeta1 work
Arnobius1 work
ADVERSVS NATIONES LIBRI VII7 sections
Arnulf of Lisieux1 work
Asconius1 work
Asserius1 work
Augustine5 works
CONFESSIONES13 sections
DE CIVITATE DEI23 sections
DE TRINITATE15 sections
CONTRA SECUNDAM IULIANI RESPONSIONEM2 sections
Augustus1 work
RES GESTAE DIVI AVGVSTI2 sections
Aurelius Victor1 work
LIBER ET INCERTORVM LIBRI3 sections
Ausonius2 works
Avianus1 work
Avienus2 works
Bacon3 works
HISTORIA REGNI HENRICI SEPTIMI REGIS ANGLIAE11 sections
Balde2 works
Baldo1 work
Bebel1 work
Bede2 works
HISTORIAM ECCLESIASTICAM GENTIS ANGLORUM7 sections
Benedict1 work
Berengar1 work
Bernard of Clairvaux1 work
Bernard of Cluny1 work
DE CONTEMPTU MUNDI LIBRI DUO2 sections
Biblia Sacra3 works
VETUS TESTAMENTUM49 sections
NOVUM TESTAMENTUM27 sections
Bigges1 work
Boethius de Dacia2 works
Bonaventure1 work
Breve Chronicon Northmannicum1 work
Buchanan1 work
Bultelius2 works
Caecilius Balbus1 work
Caesar3 works
COMMENTARIORUM LIBRI VII DE BELLO GALLICO CUM A. HIRTI SUPPLEMENTO8 sections
COMMENTARIORUM LIBRI III DE BELLO CIVILI3 sections
LIBRI INCERTORUM AUCTORUM3 sections
Calpurnius Flaccus1 work
Calpurnius Siculus1 work
Campion8 works
Carmen Arvale1 work
Carmen de Martyrio1 work
Carmen in Victoriam1 work
Carmen Saliare1 work
Carmina Burana1 work
Cassiodorus5 works
Catullus1 work
Censorinus1 work
Christian Creeds1 work
Cicero3 works
ORATORIA33 sections
PHILOSOPHIA21 sections
EPISTULAE4 sections
Cinna Helvius1 work
Claudian4 works
Claudii Oratio1 work
Claudius Caesar1 work
Columbus1 work
Columella2 works
Commodianus3 works
Conradus Celtis2 works
Constitutum Constantini1 work
Contemporary9 works
Cotta1 work
Dante4 works
Dares the Phrygian1 work
de Ave Phoenice1 work
De Expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum1 work
Declaratio Arbroathis1 work
Decretum Gelasianum1 work
Descartes1 work
Dies Irae1 work
Disticha Catonis1 work
Egeria1 work
ITINERARIUM PEREGRINATIO2 sections
Einhard1 work
Ennius1 work
Epistolae Austrasicae1 work
Epistulae de Priapismo1 work
Erasmus7 works
Erchempert1 work
Eucherius1 work
Eugippius1 work
Eutropius1 work
BREVIARIVM HISTORIAE ROMANAE10 sections
Exurperantius1 work
Fabricius Montanus1 work
Falcandus1 work
Falcone di Benevento1 work
Ficino1 work
Fletcher1 work
Florus1 work
EPITOME DE T. LIVIO BELLORUM OMNIUM ANNORUM DCC LIBRI DUO2 sections
Foedus Aeternum1 work
Forsett2 works
Fredegarius1 work
Frodebertus & Importunus1 work
Frontinus3 works
STRATEGEMATA4 sections
DE AQUAEDUCTU URBIS ROMAE2 sections
OPUSCULA RERUM RUSTICARUM4 sections
Fulgentius3 works
MITOLOGIARUM LIBRI TRES3 sections
Gaius4 works
Galileo1 work
Garcilaso de la Vega1 work
Gaudeamus Igitur1 work
Gellius1 work
Germanicus1 work
Gesta Francorum10 works
Gesta Romanorum1 work
Gioacchino da Fiore1 work
Godfrey of Winchester2 works
Grattius1 work
Gregorii Mirabilia Urbis Romae1 work
Gregorius Magnus1 work
Gregory IX5 works
Gregory of Tours1 work
LIBRI HISTORIARUM10 sections
Gregory the Great1 work
Gregory VII1 work
Gwinne8 works
Henry of Settimello1 work
Henry VII1 work
Historia Apolloni1 work
Historia Augusta30 works
Historia Brittonum1 work
Holberg1 work
Horace3 works
SERMONES2 sections
CARMINA4 sections
EPISTULAE5 sections
Hugo of St. Victor2 works
Hydatius2 works
Hyginus3 works
Hymni1 work
Hymni et cantica1 work
Iacobus de Voragine1 work
LEGENDA AUREA24 sections
Ilias Latina1 work
Iordanes2 works
Isidore of Seville3 works
ETYMOLOGIARVM SIVE ORIGINVM LIBRI XX20 sections
SENTENTIAE LIBRI III3 sections
Iulius Obsequens1 work
Iulius Paris1 work
Ius Romanum4 works
Janus Secundus2 works
Johann H. Withof1 work
Johann P. L. Withof1 work
Johannes de Alta Silva1 work
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John of Garland1 work
Jordanes2 works
Julius Obsequens1 work
Junillus1 work
Justin1 work
HISTORIARVM PHILIPPICARVM T. POMPEII TROGI LIBRI XLIV IN EPITOMEN REDACTI46 sections
Justinian3 works
INSTITVTIONES5 sections
CODEX12 sections
DIGESTA50 sections
Juvenal1 work
Kepler1 work
Landor4 works
Laurentius Corvinus2 works
Legenda Regis Stephani1 work
Leo of Naples1 work
HISTORIA DE PRELIIS ALEXANDRI MAGNI3 sections
Leo the Great1 work
SERMONES DE QUADRAGESIMA2 sections
Liber Kalilae et Dimnae1 work
Liber Pontificalis1 work
Livius Andronicus1 work
Livy1 work
AB VRBE CONDITA LIBRI37 sections
Lotichius1 work
Lucan1 work
DE BELLO CIVILI SIVE PHARSALIA10 sections
Lucretius1 work
DE RERVM NATVRA LIBRI SEX6 sections
Lupus Protospatarius Barensis1 work
Macarius of Alexandria1 work
Macarius the Great1 work
Magna Carta1 work
Maidstone1 work
Malaterra1 work
DE REBUS GESTIS ROGERII CALABRIAE ET SICILIAE COMITIS ET ROBERTI GUISCARDI DUCIS FRATRIS EIUS4 sections
Manilius1 work
ASTRONOMICON5 sections
Marbodus Redonensis1 work
Marcellinus Comes2 works
Martial1 work
Martin of Braga13 works
Marullo1 work
Marx1 work
Maximianus1 work
May1 work
SUPPLEMENTUM PHARSALIAE8 sections
Melanchthon4 works
Milton1 work
Minucius Felix1 work
Mirabilia Urbis Romae1 work
Mirandola1 work
CARMINA9 sections
Miscellanea Carminum42 works
Montanus1 work
Naevius1 work
Navagero1 work
Nemesianus1 work
ECLOGAE4 sections
Nepos3 works
LIBER DE EXCELLENTIBUS DVCIBUS EXTERARVM GENTIVM24 sections
Newton1 work
PHILOSOPHIÆ NATURALIS PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA4 sections
Nithardus1 work
HISTORIARUM LIBRI QUATTUOR4 sections
Notitia Dignitatum2 works
Novatian1 work
Origo gentis Langobardorum1 work
Orosius1 work
HISTORIARUM ADVERSUM PAGANOS LIBRI VII7 sections
Otto of Freising1 work
GESTA FRIDERICI IMPERATORIS5 sections
Ovid7 works
METAMORPHOSES15 sections
AMORES3 sections
HEROIDES21 sections
ARS AMATORIA3 sections
TRISTIA5 sections
EX PONTO4 sections
Owen1 work
Papal Bulls4 works
Pascoli5 works
Passerat1 work
Passio Perpetuae1 work
Patricius1 work
Tome I: Panaugia2 sections
Paulinus Nolensis1 work
Paulus Diaconus4 works
Persius1 work
Pervigilium Veneris1 work
Petronius2 works
Petrus Blesensis1 work
Petrus de Ebulo1 work
Phaedrus2 works
FABVLARVM AESOPIARVM LIBRI QVINQVE5 sections
Phineas Fletcher1 work
Planctus destructionis1 work
Plautus21 works
Pliny the Younger2 works
EPISTVLARVM LIBRI DECEM10 sections
Poggio Bracciolini1 work
Pomponius Mela1 work
DE CHOROGRAPHIA3 sections
Pontano1 work
Poree1 work
Porphyrius1 work
Precatio Terrae1 work
Priapea1 work
Professio Contra Priscillianum1 work
Propertius1 work
ELEGIAE4 sections
Prosperus3 works
Prudentius2 works
Pseudoplatonica12 works
Publilius Syrus1 work
Quintilian2 works
INSTITUTIONES12 sections
Raoul of Caen1 work
Regula ad Monachos1 work
Reposianus1 work
Ricardi de Bury1 work
Richerus1 work
HISTORIARUM LIBRI QUATUOR4 sections
Rimbaud1 work
Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles1 work
Roman Epitaphs1 work
Roman Inscriptions1 work
Ruaeus1 work
Ruaeus' Aeneid1 work
Rutilius Lupus1 work
Rutilius Namatianus1 work
Sabinus1 work
EPISTULAE TRES AD OVIDIANAS EPISTULAS RESPONSORIAE3 sections
Sallust10 works
Sannazaro2 works
Scaliger1 work
Sedulius2 works
CARMEN PASCHALE5 sections
Seneca9 works
EPISTULAE MORALES AD LUCILIUM16 sections
QUAESTIONES NATURALES7 sections
DE CONSOLATIONE3 sections
DE IRA3 sections
DE BENEFICIIS3 sections
DIALOGI7 sections
FABULAE8 sections
Septem Sapientum1 work
Sidonius Apollinaris2 works
Sigebert of Gembloux3 works
Silius Italicus1 work
Solinus2 works
DE MIRABILIBUS MUNDI Mommsen 1st edition (1864)4 sections
DE MIRABILIBUS MUNDI C.L.F. Panckoucke edition (Paris 1847)4 sections
Spinoza1 work
Statius3 works
THEBAID12 sections
ACHILLEID2 sections
Stephanus de Varda1 work
Suetonius2 works
Sulpicia1 work
Sulpicius Severus2 works
CHRONICORUM LIBRI DUO2 sections
Syrus1 work
Tacitus5 works
Terence6 works
Tertullian32 works
Testamentum Porcelli1 work
Theodolus1 work
Theodosius16 works
Theophanes1 work
Thomas à Kempis1 work
DE IMITATIONE CHRISTI4 sections
Thomas of Edessa1 work
Tibullus1 work
TIBVLLI ALIORVMQUE CARMINVM LIBRI TRES3 sections
Tünger1 work
Valerius Flaccus1 work
Valerius Maximus1 work
FACTORVM ET DICTORVM MEMORABILIVM LIBRI NOVEM9 sections
Vallauri1 work
Varro2 works
RERVM RVSTICARVM DE AGRI CVLTURA3 sections
DE LINGVA LATINA7 sections
Vegetius1 work
EPITOMA REI MILITARIS LIBRI IIII4 sections
Velleius Paterculus1 work
HISTORIAE ROMANAE2 sections
Venantius Fortunatus1 work
Vico1 work
Vida1 work
Vincent of Lérins1 work
Virgil3 works
AENEID12 sections
ECLOGUES10 sections
GEORGICON4 sections
Vita Agnetis1 work
Vita Caroli IV1 work
Vita Sancti Columbae2 works
Vitruvius1 work
DE ARCHITECTVRA10 sections
Waardenburg1 work
Waltarius3 works
Walter Mapps2 works
Walter of Châtillon1 work
William of Apulia1 work
William of Conches2 works
William of Tyre1 work
HISTORIA RERUM IN PARTIBUS TRANSMARINIS GESTARUM24 sections
Xylander1 work
Zonaras1 work
CJ.12.4.0. De praefectis praetorio sive urbis et magistris militum in dignitatibus exaequandis.
CJ.12.5.0. De praepositis sacri cubiculi et de omnibus cubiculariis et privilegiis eorum.
CJ.12.6.0. De quaestoribus magistris officiorum comitibus sacrarum largitionum et rei privatae.
CJ.12.4.0. Concerning the praetorian or urban prefects and the masters of soldiers, in the equalizing of dignities.
CJ.12.5.0. Concerning the superintendents of the sacred bedchamber and all the chamberlains and their privileges.
CJ.12.6.0. Concerning the quaestors, the masters of offices, the counts of the sacred largesses and of the private estate.
CJ.12.31.0. De equestri dignitate.
CJ.12.32.0. De perfectissimatus dignitate.
CJ.12.33.0. Qui militare possunt vel non et de servis ad militiam vel dignitatem adspirantibus et ut nemo duplici militia vel dignitate et militia simul utatur.
CJ.12.31.0. On the equestrian dignity.
CJ.12.32.0. On the dignity of the perfectissimatus.
CJ.12.33.0. Who can serve in the military or not, and concerning slaves aspiring to military service or to a dignity, and that no one make use of double military service or of dignity and military service at the same time.
CJ.12.61.0. De lucris advocatorum et concussionibus officiorum sive apparitorum.
CJ.12.62.0. De primipilo.
CJ.12.63.0. Publicae laetitiae vel consulum nuntiatores vel insinuatores constitutionum et aliarum sacrarum vel iudicialium litterarum ex descriptione vel ab invitis ne quid accipiant immodicum.
CJ.12.61.0. On the lucre of advocates and the extortions of the offices or of the apparitors.
CJ.12.62.0. On the primipilus.
CJ.12.63.0. Let the announcers of public rejoicing or of the consuls, or the insinuators (registrars) of constitutions and of other sacred or judicial letters, take nothing excessive from the listing or from the unwilling.
Maior dignitatis nulli debet circa prioris dignitatis seu militiae privilegia praeiudicium facere. * const. a. ad rufinum pp. * <a 319 d.V k.Mai.Sirmio constantino a.V et licinio c.Conss.>
A greater dignity ought to cause prejudice to no one regarding the privileges of a prior dignity or of military service. * a constitution of the Augustus to Rufinus, praetorian prefect. * <year 319, on the 5th day before the Kalends of May, at Sirmium, Constantine, Augustus, for the 5th time, and Licinius, Caesar, consuls.>
Senatorum substantias, quas in diversis locis et provinciis possident, et homines eorum tam a temonariis oneribus conferendis quam a ceteris praestationibus, quas iudices describunt, nec non etiam ab omnibus sordidis extraordinariisque et vilioribus muneribus liberos esse praecipimus nullaque sorte constringi functionis indignae. * constantius et constans aa. philippo pp. * <a 346-349 >
We order that the properties of senators, which they possess in different places and provinces, and their people, be free both from contributing teamster burdens and from the other exactions which the judges assess, and likewise from all sordid, extraordinary, and baser duties, and that they be bound by no sort of lot to an unworthy function. * Constantius and Constans, Augusti, to Philip, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 346-349 >
Ne quis ex ultimis negotiatoribus vel monetariis abiectisque officiis vel deformis ministerii stationariis omnique officiorum faece diversisque pastis turpibus lucris aliqua frui dignitate pertemptet. sed et si quis meruerit, repellatur: repulsos autem etiam propriis reddi consortiis oportebit. * constantius a. ad orfitum.
Let no one from the lowest traders (negotiators) or moneyers, from cast-off offices, or from the stationarii of a disreputable ministry, and from all the dregs of the bureaus, fattened by various shameful profits, attempt to enjoy any dignity. But even if someone has merited it, let him be repelled; moreover, those repelled ought also to be returned to their own associations. * Constantius A. to Orfitus.
Senator vel alius clarissimus privatos habeat filios, editos quippe, antequam susciperet dignitatem: quod non solum circa masculos dignoscitur constitutum, verum etiam circa filias simili condicione servandum. * valens grat. et valentin.
A senator or another clarissimus shall have his sons as private persons, namely those born before he received the dignity: which is recognized to have been established not only with respect to males, but also to be observed with respect to daughters under a similar condition. * Valens, Gratian, and Valentinian.
Cum autem paternos honores invidere filiis non oportet, a senatore vel solo clarissimo susceptum in clarissimatus sciendum est dignitate mansurum. <a 377 d.Xviii k... hierapoli gratiano a.Iiii et merobaude conss. >
Since it is not proper to begrudge paternal honors to sons, it is to be known that someone received into the clarissimatus by a senator or by a single clarissimus will remain in the dignity. <a in the year 377, on the 18th day before the Kalends of ..., at Hierapolis, when Gratian Augustus for the 4th time and Merobaudes were consuls. >
Iudices, qui se furtis et sceleribus fuerint maculasse convicti, ablatis codicillorum insignibus et honore exuti inter pessimos quosque et plebeios habeantur, nec sibi posthac de eo honore blandiantur, quo se ipsi indignos iudicaverunt. * grat. valentin.
Judges who shall have been convicted of having stained themselves with thefts and crimes, the insignia of their letters of appointment removed and stripped of honor, are to be held among the worst sorts and the plebeians; nor henceforth may they flatter themselves regarding that honor, of which they themselves have judged themselves unworthy. * Gratian, Valentinian.
Mulieres honore maritorum erigimus, genere nobilitamus et forum ex eorum persona statuimus et domicilia mutamus. sin autem minoris ordinis virum postea sortitae sunt, priore dignitate privatae posterioris mariti sequantur condicionem. * valentin.
We elevate women by the honor of their husbands, we ennoble them in rank, and we determine the forum from their person and change domiciles. But if thereafter they have obtained a husband of a lower order, deprived of their former dignity, let them follow the condition of the later husband. * Valentinian.
Si gravius ullum facinus admittatur, nocente persona extra carceralem custodiam substitutione habita, super illustribus quidem nobis suggeri iubemus, super ceteris vero quadam minore dignitate decoratis ad tui referri culminis notionem, ut ita demum, quid de admisso crimine constitui oporteat, iudicetur. * theodos. et valentin.
If any more grave crime be committed, the guilty person, a substitution having been arranged outside carceral custody, we order that, with respect to those of Illustrious rank, it be submitted to us, but, with respect to the others adorned with a certain lesser dignity, it be referred to the cognizance of your eminence, so that then and only then it may be judged what ought to be decreed concerning the admitted crime. * Theodosius and Valentinian.
Quotiens ex privata cuiuslibet interpellatione civili vel criminali viri illustres conveniendi sunt, nulla dandae fideiussionis concussione vexentur, sed per speciale privilegium suae committi fidei consequantur, iuratoria ab his cautione tantummodo exponenda. * zeno a. arcadio pp. * <a 485-486? >
Whenever, from the private interpellation of anyone, whether civil or criminal, men of illustrious rank must be convened, let them not be vexed by any compulsion to give suretyship, but let them obtain, by a special privilege, that the matter be committed to their own good faith, only a juratory caution being set forth by them. * zeno augustus to arcadius, praetorian prefect. * <a 485-486? >
Quam si neglexerint et contra insertum cautioni sacramentum ipsi vel eorum procuratores afuerint, in pecuniariis quidem causis super possessione rerum ad eos pertinentium iudex competens, quod et iuris auctoritas et rei qualitas suggerit, ordinabit: in criminalibus vero negotiis dignitate quoque, qua se per suum videlicet periurium indignos esse probaverint, spolientur, ut in eos utpote illustri dignitate per suum facinus privatos inconsulta etiam nostra pietate iudicibus legum severitatem liceat exercere. <a 485-486? >
Which, if they neglect it and, contrary to the oath inserted into the caution, they themselves or their procurators are absent, then in pecuniary causes, concerning the possession of things pertaining to them, the competent judge will ordain what both the authority of the law and the quality of the matter suggests; but in criminal business, let them also be despoiled of the dignity of which, to wit, they will have shown themselves unworthy by their own perjury, so that against them—as men deprived by their own crime of illustrious dignity—the judges may be allowed to exercise the severity of the laws even without our clemency being consulted. <a 485-486? >
Iubemus salvo honore, qui per evocationem sacrae revocatoriae defertur, durante licere cunctis tam maiores quam minores potestates gerentibus nec non etiam honorariis illustribus sive ex hac urbe regia, principali videlicet praecedente consensu, profecti fuerint, sive in provinciis habitantes sacratissimum, suis scilicet poscentibus negotiis, petere maluerint comitatum, sine sacra quoque revocatoria ad hanc regiam urbem pervenire. * anastas. a. eusebio mag.
We order—with the honor safe, which is conveyed by the evocation of the sacred recall-letter, continuing—that it be permitted to all who bear both greater and lesser powers, and also to honorary Illustri, whether they shall have set out from this royal city, with the consent of the principal (princeps) preceding, or, residing in the provinces, should prefer to seek the most sacred comitatus (the imperial court), namely their own affairs demanding it, to arrive at this royal city even without a sacred recall-letter. * anastasius augustus to eusebius, master.
Ordinem consulatus ad antiquam reduximus sanctionem, ut sellam nostram honoris merito, non rapiendi studio populorum agmina sectarentur ac lucrandi cupiditate deposita venerabilem parentum habitum et felicissima antiquitatis ornamenta conspicerent. * valentin. et marcian.
We have restored the order of the consulship to the ancient sanction, so that our seat might be followed by the ranks of the peoples by the merit of honor, not by a zeal for snatching, and, the desire of gain laid aside, they might behold the venerable habit of the ancestors and the most felicitous ornaments of antiquity. * valentinian and marcian.
Nemini ad sublimen patriciatus honorem, qui ceteris omnibus anteponitur, adscendere liceat, nisi prius aut consulatus honore potiatur aut praefecturae praetorio vel illyrici vel urbis administrationem aut magistri militum aut magistri officiorum, in actu videlicet positus, gessisse noscatur, ut huiusmodi tantum personis sive adhuc administrationem gerendo seu postea liceat ( quando hoc nostrae sederit maiestati) patriciam consequi dignitatem. * zeno a. * <>
let no one be allowed to ascend to the sublime honor of the patriciate, which is set before all the others, unless first he either obtain the honor of the consulship, or be known to have exercised, namely while placed in active service, the administration of the praetorian prefecture, either of Illyricum or of the City, or of the Master of Soldiers, or of the Master of Offices, so that to persons of this sort alone, whether still holding an administration or afterwards, it may be permitted (when this shall have suited our Majesty) to attain the patrician dignity. * zeno a. * <>
Quoniam vero gloriosissimae huic urbi, quae caput orbis terrarum est, omnifariam credimus consulendum, universos, qui posthac honorarii consulatus insignibus principali munificentia decorantur, centum auri libras ad reficiendum aquaeductum publicum ministrare censemus ad similitudinem eorum, qui per annale tempus consularium editione munerum gloriantur. nam ipsis quoque expedit, ut florentissima civitas centum auri librarum munificentia sustentata honorarium quoque sentiat consulatum. <>
Since indeed for this most glorious city, which is the head of the world, we believe that provision must be made in every way, we decree that all who hereafter are adorned by imperial munificence with the insignia of an honorary consulship shall furnish one hundred pounds of gold for the repair of the public aqueduct, after the likeness of those who, during the annual term, glory in the consular issuance of gifts. For it is expedient for them also that the most flourishing city, sustained by the munificence of one hundred pounds of gold, may likewise experience the honorary consulship. <>
Sancimus viris excellentissimis conaularibus omnibus, qui iam facti sunt vel postea fuerint, procedendi quoque et re ipsa per annum gerendi consulatus, impetrato videlicet principali iudicio, legitimam tribui facultatem, ita ut acta quam meruerint processione non novum aliquid vel quod nondum habeant adipisci, sed consulatus ius, quod semel eis consularitas detulerat, processionis iterasse beneficio videantur et adoranda nostra purpura vel in consequendis cunctis consulum honoribus et privilegiis ex anteriore tempore provectionis ordinem sibimet noverint vindicandum. * zeno a. sebastiano pp. * <a xxx >
We ordain that to all most excellent consulars, all who have already been made or shall be hereafter, there be granted a lawful faculty, upon obtaining, namely, the imperial judgment, both of proceeding and in very deed of bearing the consulship for a year, so that by the procession which they have merited they may not acquire something new or something which they do not yet have, but may be seen, by the benefit of the procession, to have reiterated the right of the consulship which consularity once had conferred upon them; and our to-be-adored purple, as well in the obtaining of all the honors and privileges of consuls, they should know that the order of advancement is to be claimed for themselves from the earlier time of promotion. * zeno augustus to sebastianus, praetorian prefect. * <a xxx >
Hoc etiam observando, ut huiusmodi consul nec centum libras auri aquaeductibus huius inclitae civitatis pro tenore sacrae constitutionis praebendas, quas cum esset consularis praestiterat, consul postea creatus persolvere denuo compellatur. <a xxx >
This also to be observed: that a consul of this sort be not compelled, after being subsequently created consul, to pay anew the hundred pounds of gold to the aqueducts of this renowned city, to be furnished according to the tenor of the sacred constitution, which, when he was a consularis, he had provided. <a xxx >
Sancimus viros excelsos patricios, quos in huiusmodi dignitatis apicem augusta maiestatis rettulerit, ilico ab imperialibus codicillis praestitis patres familias effici ac potestate liberari paterna, ne bideantur, qui a nobis loco patris honorantur, alieno iuri esse subiecti. * iust. a. iohanni pp. * <a 531-533>
We ordain that exalted men, patricians, whom the august majesty shall have advanced to the summit of such a dignity, immediately, by the imperial codicils furnished, become paterfamilias and be freed from paternal power, lest those who are honored by us in the place of a father seem to be subject to another’s authority. * Justinian Augustus to John, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 531-533>
Quis enim patiatur patrem quidem posse per emancipationis modum suis nexibus filium relaxare, imperatoriam autem celsitudinem non valere eum quem sibi patrem elegit ab aliena eximere potestate? ne, si contrarium approbetur, per quamcumque machinationem imperialis maiestas minui videatur. <a 531-533>
For who would endure that a father can, by the mode of emancipation, release his son from his own bonds, but that the imperial highness does not have the power to exempt from another’s authority him whom it has chosen as a father for itself? lest, if the contrary be approved, the imperial majesty should seem to be diminished by whatever machination. <a 531-533>
Praefectum urbis praefectum praetorio magistros equitum ac peditum indiscretae ducimus dignitatis, usque adeo videlicet, ut, cum ad privatam secesserint vitam, eum loco velimus esse potiorem, qui alios promotionis tempore et codicillorum adeptione praecesserit. * valentin. valens et grat.
We deem the Prefect of the City, the Praetorian Prefect, and the Masters of Cavalry and of Infantry to be of coequal dignity, namely to such an extent that, when they have withdrawn into private life, we wish him to have precedence who has preceded the others at the time of promotion and in the acquisition of the codicils. * Valentinian, Valens, and Gratian.
Sacri cubiculi praepositi ea dignitate fungantur, qua sunt praediti, qui eminentissimam praetorianam vel urbanam meruerint praefecturam aut certe militarem magisteriam potestatem, ita ut sit inter eos post depositas administrationes nulla discretio, sive nostrae serenitatis adoraturi admittuntur imperium sive pro suo arbitrio sollemnes festivitates et coetus vel salutationes vel quaelibet alia officia frequentent, ut in sedibus et in concessu is eis ordo servetur, quem ordo provectionis ostenderit, sub habitu ipsis videlicet consueto, cum manifeste decretum sit eum esse qui praecesserit potiorem, vel illum subsequi, quem recentius probavit examen. * honor. et theodos.
Let the Grand Chamberlains of the sacred bedchamber exercise that dignity with which those are endowed who have deserved the most eminent Praetorian or Urban Prefecture, or at any rate the magisterial power of a military Mastership, so that after their administrations have been laid down there be no distinction among them, whether they are admitted to adore the imperium of our Serenity, or, at their own discretion, frequent solemn festivities and gatherings or salutations or any other services; so that in seats and in assembly that order be observed for them which the order of promotion shall have shown, under the habit, namely, customary to them; since it has been manifestly decreed that he who has preceded is the superior, or that he follow the one whom a more recent examination has approved. * Honorius and Theodosius.
Hac nostrae mansuetudinis aeterna lege sancimus, ut omnes cubicularii, qui de nostro cubiculo exeunt, antequam primum locum obtineant, excepto castrensi et comite domorum his privilegiis perfruantur, id est ut nec possessiones eorum angarias sive parangarias vel etiam paraveredos in posterum dispositione tui culminis vel alicuius calumnia dare cogantur, ne sordidis adstricti muneribus decus ministerii, quod militando videbantur adepti, otii tempore et quietis amittant. * theodos. et valentin.
By this our eternal law of mildness we sanction that all chamberlains who depart from our bedchamber, before they obtain the first place (rank), except the castrensis and the count of the household, shall enjoy these privileges, that is: that neither their properties be compelled in future, by the disposition of your eminence or by anyone’s chicanery, to furnish angariae or parangariae or even paraveredi (post‑horses), lest, bound to sordid duties, they lose in a time of leisure and rest the honor of the service which they seemed to have acquired by serving. * theodosius and valentinian.
Cubicularios tam sacri cubiculi mei quam venerabilis augustae, quos utrosque certum est obsequiis occupatos et aulae penetralibus inhaerentes diversa iudicia obire non posse, ab observatione aliorum tribunalium liberamus, ut in sublimitatis solummodo tuae iudicio propositas adversus se excipiant actiones. * leo et anthem. aa. iohanni com.
we release the chamberlains both of my sacred bedchamber and of the venerable augusta—both of whom it is certain, being occupied with services and adhering to the inner chambers of the court, are not able to attend diverse courts—from attendance at other tribunals, so that in the tribunal of your sublimity alone they may receive the actions brought against themselves. * leo and anthemius, the augusti, to john the count.
Iubemus omnes, qui vel iam in sacrum cubiculum cuiuspiam liberalitate donati aliove titulo dati vel dandi principalibus obsequiis inhaerere vel ante meruerunt vel postea meruerint, licet nulla interveniente scriptura, nulla confectione gestorum, postquam devotissimis cubiculariis fuerint sociati, ad condicionem libertatis ingenuitatisque rapiantur raptique videantur. * leo a. pusaeo pp. * <a x >
We order that all, who either already, by someone’s liberality, have been granted into the Sacred Bedchamber or assigned under some other title, or who have previously deserved or shall afterwards deserve to be given to adhere to the imperial services, although with no writing intervening, no confection of the proceedings, after they have been associated with the most devoted chamberlains, be swept into the condition of liberty and ingenuousness and seem to have been so swept. * leo a. pusaeo pp. * <a x >
Hoc non solum circa superstites, sed etiam circa mortuos volumus custodiri. nam cum hoc privilegium videatur principalis esse proprium maiestatis, ut non famulorum, sicut privatae condicionis homines, sed liberorum honestis utantur obsequiis, periniquum est eos dumtaxat pati fortunae deterioris incommoda. <a x >
We wish this to be kept not only with respect to survivors, but also with respect to the dead. For since this privilege seems to be the proper attribute of princely majesty, that they should employ not the services of servants, like men of private condition, but the honorable services of free men, it is most unjust that they alone should suffer the discommodities of a worse fortune. <a x >
Sed testamenta quidem ad similitudinem aliorum, qui ingenuitatis infulis decorantur, pro sua liceat eis condere voluntate. intestatorum vero nemo dubitet facultates utpote sine legitimis successoribus defunctorum fisci viribus vindicari. <a x >
But let it be permitted to them to compose testaments, in similitude to others who are adorned with the fillets of freebornness, according to their own volition. As to intestates, however, let no one doubt that the faculties of the deceased, as being without legitimate successors, are to be vindicated by the powers of the fisc. <a x >
Si vero cuidam fuerit violenter extortus, aut invito domino vel ignaro intra sacrum ausus sit militare cubiculum, liceat domino destinatum sacra ex lege cubiculariis interpellare iudicium et eum, quem probaverit nolente se vel inscio sacrum penetrasse cubiculum, ut suum famulum cum peculio consequatur. <a x >
If indeed he shall have been violently extorted from someone, or, the master being unwilling or unaware, he has dared to serve within the sacred cubiculum, let it be permitted to the master to interpellate the tribunal assigned by sacred law to the cubicularii, and to recover him, whom he shall have proved to have penetrated the sacred cubiculum with himself unwilling or unaware, as his own servant together with the peculium. <a x >
Sed sicut laesis implorandi praesidii facultatem denegari non convenit, ita nec calumniandi viam patimur diutius esse patefactam. ideoque tempus quinquennii praefinimus, intra quoc contra eum suas debeant exercere quaestiones, ut, si medio tempore movere distulerint, ulterius eis tamquam in suum famulum vindicandi vel eius ut servi peculium vel bona quasi liberti copia denegetur. <a x >
But just as it is not fitting that to the injured the faculty of imploring protection be denied, so neither do we suffer the road of calumny to be left open longer. Therefore we prescribe a term of five years, within which they ought to prosecute their actions against him, so that, if in the meantime they have deferred to set the matter in motion, thereafter the opportunity is denied to them both of vindicating him as their own servant and of claiming his peculium as of a slave, or his goods as though of a freedman. <a x >
Iubemus duobus viris illustribus praepositis utriusque sacri cubiculi tam nostrae pietatis quam nostrae serenissimae coniugis, post finitam militiam si senatorio fuerint consortio sociati, licere, quotiens ad adspiciendos agros suos vel ob aliam causam proficisci voluerint, cingulo uti, cum hoc ad implendum eorum desiderium et ad nullius laesionem respicere videatur. * anastas. a. eusebio mag.
We order that to the two illustrious men, the praepositi of each sacred bedchamber, both of our Piety and of our most serene Consort, after their service has been completed, if they have been associated with the senatorial order, it be permitted, whenever they shall have wished to set out to inspect their fields or for another cause, to use the belt, since this seems to look to the fulfilling of their desire and to the injury of no one. * Anastasius Augustus to Eusebius, the Magister.
Praecipua est nostrae pietatis intentio circa notariorum nomen: atque ideo, si umquam huius ordinis viri laborem quiete mutaverint vel senectute posuerint seu cum alia dignitate post hanc qualibet usi sunt, non omittant prioris vocabulum militiae, sed compendium sequentis honoris adsumant. * grat. valentin.
The principal intention of our piety is concerning the name of the notaries: and therefore, if ever men of this order have exchanged toil for quiet or have laid it down through old age, or when after this they have enjoyed any other dignity whatsoever, let them not omit the appellation of the former service, but let them assume the advantage of the ensuing honor. * Gratian, Valentinian.
Et si quis ex officio vel praecipue sublimitatis tuae temerarius ad census discussiones peraequationes, aliam denique ullam rem inquietator extiterit, officium suum noverit vel levis culpae offensione detecta gravis multae discrimine fatigandum et numerariorum corpus extincto iniuriae auctore minuendum. <a 380 d.Xvii k.Iul.Thessalonicae gratiano v et theodosio aa. conss.>
And if anyone from the office, and especially of Your Sublimity, temerarious, shall have proved a troubler with respect to tax-census discussions, equalizations, or, finally, any other matter whatsoever, let him know that his office, even upon the detection of a slight fault, is to be wearied with the peril of a heavy fine, and that the corps of the numerarii, with the author of the injury extinguished, is to be diminished. <a 380 d.17 k.Jul. Thessalonicae, Gratian 5 and Theodosius, Augusti, consuls.>
Praeclaram nobilemque militiam spectabilium tribunorum notariorum, quo gloriosis obsequiis nonnihil rei publicae commodatis adferunt et decoris, diversis beneficiorum titulis muniendam credidimus et augendam. * zeno a. hilariano mag. off.
We have believed that the distinguished and noble service of the Spectabiles, the tribunes of the notaries—by whose glorious services they bring not a little of advantage and ornament to the commonwealth—ought to be fortified and increased by various titles of benefices. * Zeno Augustus to Hilarianus, Master of the Offices.
Hos autem tribunos, qui suis negotiis occupati minime sacrum palatium curaverint frequentandum, nisi intra annale spatium revertantur, quamvis commeatus iura praetendunt, pro absentia quidem unius anni unius gradus, si vero duobus annis afuerint, duorum, si tribus, trium, si quattuor, similiter quattuor graduum subire iacturam his qui inferiores eis fuerint postponendos. <a xxx >
But those tribunes who, occupied with their own businesses, have taken no care to frequent the sacred palace, unless they return within the annual span, although they allege the rights of leave, shall undergo, for an absence of one year, the loss of one grade; if they have been away for two years, of two; if for three, of three; if for four, likewise of four grades—being postponed behind those who had been their inferiors. <a xxx >
Qui vero per quinquennium integrum se repraesentare cessaverint, exemptos matricula tantum nomine tribunorum, nec vero ordine perpotiri, his in hunc modum dispositis vacationem census discullionis peraequationes et cuiuslibet alterius rei habituros. <a xxx >
But those who have ceased to present themselves for a full five-year period, let them be removed from the matricula, bearing only the name of tribunes, and not in truth to possess fully the order; with matters arranged in this way, they will have exemption from the census, from audit (discussion), from equalizations, and from any other thing. <a xxx >
Illud praecipue privisionem nostram flagitare perspeximus, ne per ambitionem aut gratiam aut cuiuslibet occasionis obtentu vel laborum seu sollicitudinum specie publicorum cuiquam liceat aliquando graduum seriem conturbare et temporum ratione calcata dudum militantibus anteferri et, quae longis prolixisque stipendiis defensa iam pollicetur senectus, gratiosa festinatione subripere. <a xxx >
We have perceived that this especially urgently demands our provision: that it not be permitted to anyone, through ambition or favor or the pretext of any occasion, or under the appearance of labors or of public solicitudes, ever to disturb the sequence of ranks, and—with the reckoning of times trampled—to be preferred before those long in service, and to snatch away, by a favoring haste, what old age, secured by long and extended stipends, now promises. <a xxx >
Hoc etiam adiciendo, ut primicerius post depositam publicam numerorum sollicitudinem, ac si ipsam gessisset administrationem, cuius consequitur dignitatem, magistri officiorum pro antiqua consuetudine infulas sortiatur, omnibus vacantibus quamvis tempore praecedentibus praeponendus. <a xxx >
By adding this also: that the primicerius, after having laid aside the public solicitude of the accounts, and as if he had borne that very administration, whose dignity he attains, should obtain, by ancient consuetude, the fillets of the Master of the Offices, being to be preferred to all who are vacant, although preceding in time. <a xxx >
Omnes privilegia dignitatum hoc ordine servanda cognoscant, ut primo loco habeantur ii, qui in actu positi illustres peregerint administrationes: secundo venient vacantes, qui praesentes in comitatu illustris dignitatis cingulum meruerint : tertium ordinem eorum prospicimus, quibus absentibus cingulum illustris mittitur dignitatis: quartum honorariorum, qui praesentes a nostro numine sine cingulo codicillos tantum honorariae dignitatis adepti sunt: quintum eorum, quibus absentibus similiter sine cingulo mittuntur illustris insignia dignitatis. * theodos. et valentin.
Let all know that the privileges of dignities are to be observed in this order, that in the first place those be held who, being in active service, have completed illustrious administrations: in the second will come the unattached (vacantes), who, being present in the comitatus, have merited the belt of illustrious dignity: the third order we provide for those to whom, being absent, the belt of illustrious dignity is sent: the fourth, of the honorarii, who, being present, by our Divinity, without a belt, have obtained only codicils of honorary dignity: the fifth, of those to whom, being absent, likewise without a belt, the illustrious insignia of dignity are sent. * theodos. and valentin.
Vacantes autem post administratores venientes non omnes iam omnibus honorariis credidimus praeponendos, sed eos vacantes illis honorariis, qui similem adepti sunt dignitatem, ut praefectorius praefectorio, non quaestorius praefectorio praeponatur, parique modo quaestorius quaestorio, non vacans comes thesaurorum vel comes rei privatae honorario quaestorio vel ex magistro officiorum praeferatur. <a 440-441 >
Vacantes, however, coming after the administrators, we have not thought that all of them should now be set before all honoraries, but that those vacantes should be set before those honoraries who have obtained a similar dignity, so that a praefectorial be set before a praefectorial, not a quaestorial before a praefectorial; and in like manner a quaestorial before a quaestorial, and not that a vacans Count of the Treasury or Count of the Private Estate be preferred to an honorary quaestorial or to one from the Master of the Offices. <a 440-441 >
Inter administratores illos etiam numerari decernimus, quibus illustribus in sacro nostro consistorio cinctis aliquid ordinariae dignitatis vel antea commisimus vel postea committemus peragendum, verbi gratia si vacanti magistro militum belli cura committatur. <a 440-441 >
We decree that there are to be counted among those administrators also those Illustrious men, girt in our sacred Consistory, to whom we have either previously committed, or shall afterwards commit, something of ordinary dignity to be carried out, for example, if to a vacant Master of Soldiers the care of war be entrusted. <a 440-441 >
Cur enim aut vir magnificus germanus magister militum vacans appellatur, cui bellum contra hostes mandavimus? aut cur excellentissimus pentadius non egisse dicitur praefecturam, cuius illustribus cincti dispositionibus vice praetorianae praefecturae miles in expeditione copia commeatuum abundavit. <a 440-441 >
For why is the magnificent man germanus called a “vacant” master of soldiers, to whom we have entrusted war against the enemies? Or why is the most excellent pentadius said not to have exercised the prefecture, by whose dispositions, in the stead of the praetorian prefecture, the soldiery on expedition abounded in a supply of provisions. <a 440-441 >
Idqoeue post depositum etiam officium ab omni indictionis onere seu civilium seu militarium iudicium prorsus immunes esse praecipimus, ut nec ab amplissima quidem sede tui culminis eis ulla molestia super suscipiendo quolibet gravamine privato vel publico penitus iniungatur. <a 444 d.V k.Mart.Theodosio a.Xviii et albino conss.>
And this too, after the office has even been laid down, we order that they be absolutely immune from every burden of indiction and from the judicature, whether civil or military, so that not even from the most ample see of your eminence shall any trouble at all be imposed upon them regarding the undertaking of any burden, private or public. <a 444, day 5 before the Kalends of March. Theodosius for the 18th time and Albinus, consuls.>
Viros spectabiles comites consistorianos et coniuges et liberos, servos quin etiam atque colonos eorum isdem privilegiis tam intentiones ab aliis proponendas excipiendo quam suas contra alios exercendo perfrui, quibus viri clarissimi principes scholae agentium in rebus per sacram pragmaticam sanctionem divae memoriae zenonis utuntur. * anastas. a. eusebio mag.
Men of spectabilis rank, the comites consistoriani, and their spouses and children, and even their slaves and their coloni, are to enjoy the same privileges—both by warding off claims to be brought by others and by exercising their own against others—which the most illustrious men, the chiefs of the school of the agentes in rebus, enjoy by the sacred pragmatic sanction of Zeno of divine memory. * anastasius the emperor to eusebius, the magister.
Praepositos ac tribunos scholarum, qui et divinis epulis adhibentur et adorandi principis facultatem antiquitus meruerunt, inter quos comites etiam sacri stabuli et cura palatii numerantur, si primi ordinis comitivam cum praepositura meruerunt et casu ad altiora non pervenerint, deposito sacramento inter eos, qui comites aegypti vel ponticae dioeceseos fuerint, quorum par dignitas est, haberi praecipimus. * honor. et theodos.
The praepositi and tribunes of the scholae, who are both admitted to the divine banquets and from antiquity have deserved the faculty of adoring the emperor, among whom the counts also of the sacred stable and of the care of the palace are numbered, if they have deserved the comitiva of the first order together with the praepositura and by chance have not arrived at higher [ranks], upon laying down the oath we order them to be held among those who have been counts of Egypt or of the Pontic diocese, whose dignity is equal. * Honorius and Theodosius.
Sin absque honore comitivae regimen fuerint nacti, absolutos militia inter eos qui duces fuerint provinciarum numerari iubemus. <a 413 d. xii k. april. constantinopoli lucio vc. cons.>
But if they have obtained command without the honor of the comitiva, we order that, once released from military service, they be counted among those who have been duces of the provinces. <a 413, on the 12th day before the Kalends of April, at Constantinople, Lucius, a most distinguished man, consul.>
Qui contemplatione meritorum, ducto intra provincias transmarinas strenuissimo milite, primi ordinis comitivam fuerint consecuti, ea reverentia altissimarum dignitatum viris subiungantur, ut his locum praestent, qui proconsulatus insignibus adornantur. * valentin. valens et grat.
Those who, in contemplation of merits, with the most strenuous soldiery led within the transmarine provinces, shall have obtained the comitiva of the first order, let them be joined to the men of the highest dignities with such reverence as to afford place to those who are adorned with the insignia of the proconsulate. * Valentinian, Valens and Gratian.
Eos, qui sub comitivae primi ordinis dignitate peculiariter ad quamlibet provinciam vel provincias defendendas milite credito auctoritate nostri numinis destinantur, et eos, qui vicem illustrium virorum magistrorum militum susceperint peragendam, ducibus, qui praeter aegyptum et ponticam in aliis provinciis administraverint, adaequamus. * honor. et theodos.
Those who, under the dignity of the comitiva of the first order, are specially assigned, by the authority of our divinity, to any province or provinces to be defended, with soldiery entrusted; and those who shall have undertaken to discharge the place of the Illustrious men, the Masters of the Soldiers—we equalize with the duces who have administered in provinces other than Egypt and Pontic. * honorius and theodosius.
Archiatros intra palatium militantes si comitivae primi ordinis nobilitaverit gradus, inter vicarios taxari praecipimus, sive iam pridem deposuerunt militiam sive postea deposuerint, ita ut inter vicarios et duces qui administraverint et hos qui comitivam primi ordinis meruerint nihil intersit nisi tempus, quo quis administraverit vel comitivae indeptus est insignia. * honor. et theodos.
If the chief-physicians serving within the palace shall have been ennobled by the comitiva of the first order, we command that they be rated among the vicarii, whether they have long since laid down their military service or shall lay it down thereafter, such that between the vicarii and the dukes who have administered and those who have merited the comitiva of the first order there is no difference except the time at which someone has administered or has obtained the insignia of the comitiva. * honorius and theodosius.
Grammaticos tam graecos quam latinos, sophistas et iuris peritos in hac regia urbe professionem suam exercentes et inter statutos connumeratos, si laudabilem in se probis moribus vitam esse monstraverint, si docendi peritiam facundiamque dicendi interpretandi subtilitatem copiam disserendi se habere patefecerint, et coetu amplissimo iudicante digni fuerint aestimati, cum ad viginti annos observatione iugi ac sedulo docendi labore pervenerint, placuit honorari et his qui sunt ex vicaria dignitate connumerari. * theodos. a. et valentin.
Grammarians, both Greek and Latin, sophists, and jurists, exercising their profession in this royal city and enrolled among those established by statute, if they shall have shown in themselves a praiseworthy life with upright morals, if they shall have made it plain that they possess expertise in teaching, eloquence in speaking, subtlety in interpreting, and copiousness in discoursing, and, with a very great assembly judging, shall have been esteemed worthy, when they have reached 20 years by unremitting observance and the diligent labor of teaching, it has been decreed that they be honored and be counted with those who are of vicariate dignity. * theodosius the emperor and valentinian.
Decuriones nostri palatii post emensum fideliter obsequium postque deposita sacramenta militiae electionem habeant, sive ex magistro officiorum velut agentes dignitatem consequi a nostra maiestate maluerint, sive inter viros illustres comites domesticorum, videlicet inter agentes, taxari, ut tam in adoranda nostra serenitate quam in salutandis administratoribus et reliquis praedicti honoris privilegiis nec non in nostro consistorio his honor omnifariam observetur. * honor. et theodos.
Let the decurions of our palace, after having faithfully completed their service and after laying down the oaths of soldiery, have a choice: whether they prefer to obtain a dignity from our majesty from the Master of the Offices as agentes, or to be ranked among the Illustrious Men, Counts of the Domestics—namely, among the agentes—so that both in doing obeisance to our Serenity and in greeting the administrators, and in the remaining privileges of the aforesaid honor, as well as in our consistory, this honor in every respect be observed for them. * Honorius and Theodosius.
Decurionibus et silentiariis, etiam si ad superiorem gradum successu meliore transcendunt, omnia privilegia, quae iam dudum divorum principum iudicio meruerunt , legis istius praeceptione noveris esse firmata, non praeiudicatura quacumque generalitate pragmatica. * theodos. et valentin.
To the decurions and the silentiaries, even if they pass to a higher rank with better success, know that all the privileges which long ago they earned by the judgment of the deified princes are confirmed by the precept of this law, not to be prejudiced by any pragmatic generality. * Theodosius and Valentinian.
Nec angarias vel parangarias sive paraveredos ulla eis amplissimae praeceptionis imponat auctoritas. sordidis quoque muneribus, excoctione calcis et superindicti gravamine eos liberamus. <a 432 d. viiii k. april.
Nor let any authority, even of the most ample precept, impose angariae or parangariae or paraveredi upon them. We also free them from sordid services, from the firing (calcination) of lime, and from the burden of the superindictum (extraordinary assessment). <a 432, on the 9th day before the Kalends of April.
Domus quoque eorum non tantum in hac sacratissima urbe, sed in qualibet alia positas civitate immunes ab omni hospitum cuiuslibet dignitatis inquietudine vindicamus: permissa eis veniendi ad comitatum licentia praeter evocatoriae securitatem. multa decem librarum auri iudicibus provinciarum eorumque officiis infligenda, si statuta numinis nostri crediderint esse contemnenda. <a 432 d. viiii k. april.
We also vindicate their houses, not only in this most sacrosanct city, but situated in any other city, as immune from every disturbance of guests (billeting) of whatever dignity: the licence granted to them of coming to the court, besides the security of an evocatory. A mulct of ten pounds of gold is to be inflicted upon the provincial judges and their offices, if they shall have thought that the statutes of our divinity are to be contemned. <a 432 d. 9 k. april.
His addimus, ut, cum optatam quietem acceperint et inter viros illustres senatores coeperint numerari, honore curiae sine aliqua functione laetentur, immunitatisque gaudio plena dignitatis laetitia potiantur, ut dignitatem solam habeant ex senatu: sub hac videlicet definitione, ut triginta tantummodo numero ea privilegia consequantur, decuriones quoque tres. <a 432 d. viiii k. april. ravennae aetio et valerio conss.>
We add this, that, when they have received the desired repose and have begun to be numbered among the illustrious men, the senators, they may rejoice in the honor of the curia without any function, and may obtain the gladness of full dignity with the joy of immunity, so that they have from the senate dignity alone: under this definition, namely, that only thirty in number may attain those privileges, and three decurions as well. <in the year 432, on the 9th day before the Kalends of April, at Ravenna, in the consulship of Aetius and Valerius.>
Ne ad diversa tracti viri devoti silentiarii iudicia sacris abstrahi videantur obsequiis, iubemos eos, qui quemlibet devotissimorum silentiariorum scholae vel eius uxorem civiliter vel etiam criminaliter pulsare maluerint, minime eum ex cuiuslibet alterius iudicio nisi ex iudicio tantummodo viri excellentissimi magistri officiorum conveniri. * zeno a. cosmae praeposito sacri cubiculi. * <a xxx >
Lest the devoted men, the silentiaries, dragged to different courts, seem to be withdrawn from sacred services, we order that those who may have preferred to sue, civilly or even criminally, any one of the most devoted of the school of the silentiaries or his wife, shall by no means bring him to trial before the judgment of anyone else, but only before the judgment of the most excellent man, the Master of the Offices. * zeno a. to Cosmas, praepositus of the sacred bedchamber. * <a xxx >
Iubemus clarissimorum silentiariorum militia praeditos, etsi genitorum suorum in potestate sint constituti, quaecumque solaciorum sive emolumentorum vel donationum seu hereditatum nomine per militiam vel quamlibet eius causam his adquisita sunt vel fuerint, iure castrensis peculii possidere, nec ea posse vel perentes superstites sibimet vindicare vel auferre, vel etiam post eorum obitum fratres vel alios heredes eorum quasi ad defunctorum dominium pertinentia in divisionem deducere: nec enim oportet labores eorum aliis fructum vel lucrum adferre. * anastas. a. polycarpo pp. * <a 497-499 >
We order that those endowed with the militia of the most illustrious Silentiaries, even if they are constituted under the power of their begetters, whatever things under the name of solaces or emoluments or donations or inheritances have been, or shall be, acquired for them through the service or any cause of it, they possess by the right of castrense peculium; and that neither can surviving parents either vindicate them for themselves or take them away, nor even, after their death, can brothers or other heirs of theirs bring them into division as though pertaining to the dominion of the deceased: for it is not fitting that their labors bring fruit or profit to others. * anastas. a. polycarpo pp. * <a 497-499 >
Hac namque ratione simul et contemplatione nec ipsam militiam vel suffragium, quodcumque pro ea vel ab isdem viris devotis silentiariis vel a parentibus eorum vel quolibet alio datum est vel fuerit, ab his patimur in successionem defunctorum parentum conferri seu nomine collationis in medium easdem offerri pecunias vel his imputari. <a 497-499 >
For by this rationale and contemplation we do not allow either the militia itself or the suffrage—whatever for it has been or shall have been given, whether by those same devoted silentiarii or by their parents or by any other—to be conveyed by them into the succession of their deceased parents, or under the name of collation to have those same monies offered into the common stock, or to be imputed to them. <a 497-499 >
Alii vero, qui decursis stipendiis ab eodem decem usque numero subsequuntur, consulari, id est clarissimatus dignitate, perfruantur cum ipsa loci decem primorum accessione. <a 432 d.Iii id.Iun.Constantinopoli aetio et valerio vv.Cc.Conss. >
But the others, who, with their stipends completed, follow after this same one up to the number of ten, shall enjoy the consular— that is, the dignity of the clarissimate— together with the accession of the very place among the first ten. <a 432 day 3 before the Ides of June, at Constantinople, under Aetius and Valerius, most distinguished men, consuls.>
Si quis domesticorum nulla negotii publici abstrahente sollicitudine nec ei per commeatum sollemniter, ut abesset, facultate concessa biennium obsequiis serenitatis nostrae defuerit, is retrorsum in ordinem tractus inferiorem quinque sequentibus postponatur. * theodos. et valentin.
If any of the domestics, with no anxiety of public business drawing him away, and without a solemn leave by furlough having been granted to be absent, has failed the services of Our Serenity for two years, let him, drawn backward in order to an inferior rank, be postponed after the five next following. * Theodosius and Valentinian.
Si vero triennium eius absentia continuasse monstretur, usque ad decimum locum procul dubio regradetur. quod si quadriennio tenus afuerit, novissimus collocetur. quinquennio autem si fuerit devagatus, ipso iam cingulo spoliandus est.
If indeed it is shown that his absence has continued for a period of three years (triennium), he shall, without doubt, be demoted back as far as the tenth position. But if he has been away for up to four years (quadriennium), let him be placed last. However, if he has wandered for five years (quinquennium), he must now be stripped of his very belt.
Lege pragmatica sine fine victura praefiniendum ac constituendum credidimus, ut, si quis virorum fortium praesentalium domesticorum in equitum schola secundocerii locum indeptus diem interea supremum clauserit, heredes eius non reliqui tantum temporis, quod eidem gradui superesse monstratur, verum etiam insequentis anni, hoc est primiceratus, solaciis ac emolumentis fruantur omnibus, ut, quod ad quaestum et compendium militiaeque fructum prolixe pertinet, similis habeatur , ac si superstes permanserit ad finem usque supremum. * iust. a. vigilantio com.
By a pragmatic law destined to live without end we have believed it must be defined and established that, if any of the brave men of the praesental domestics in the school of horse, having obtained the place of the secundocerius, should meanwhile close his last day, his heirs shall enjoy not only the remainder of the time which is shown to be left to that same grade, but also of the following year, that is, the primiceratus, all consolations and emoluments, so that, as far as pertains abundantly to gain and profit and the fruit of military service, he be held as if he had remained alive even to the final end. * justinian augustus to vigilantius, count.
Proximos memoriae, epistularum ac libellorum atque dispositionum ita vicariorum honore cumulamus, ut inter eos merito dignitatis habeantur, qui pro praefectis dioeceses sibi creditas temperarunt, ex eo tempore, ex quo eos splendor indepti proximatus ostendat, insequentibus praeponendi, qui vicarias postea administraverint. et nullam iniuriam descriptionis perhorrescant. * grat.
we heap with the honor of vicars the Proximi of the memoria, of letters, of petitions, and of dispositions, in such a way that they are to be held, by merit of dignity, among those who, in place of the prefects, have administered the dioceses entrusted to them, from the time when the splendor of the proximatus they have obtained displays them, to be set before those coming after who shall have administered vicariates later. And let them dread no injury from the listing. * grat.
In sacris scriniis nostris militantes in provinciis ordinarii vel spectabiles iudices a salutatione non arceant, etiam inviti in consessum accipiant: scituris vel principe vel corniculario vel capitibus officii, ternas libras auri ex suis facultatibus eruendas, si consistorium nostrum saepe ingredientibus secretarii iudicum non patuerit ingressus, aut reverentia non fuerit in salutatione delata aut sedendi cum iudice societas denegata. * valentin. theodos.
Let the ordinary or distinguished judges in the provinces not keep those serving in our sacred bureaus from a salutation; even if unwilling, let them admit them into the session: the chief of staff or the cornicularius or the heads of the office are to know that three pounds of gold are to be exacted from their own resources, if entry has not been open to the secretaries of the judges who frequently enter our consistory, or if reverence has not been bestowed in the salutation, or if the fellowship of sitting with the judge has been denied. * valentinian, theodosius.
In scriniis palatii militantes, id est memoriae epistularum libellorumque ac dispositionum, post viginti annos transactae militiae si discedendum sibi esse decreverint, consulari honore fulti inter adlectos habeantur huncque honorem dignitatis teneant, qui ex consularibus deferri consueverit. nec eos quisquam iniungendo aliquid iubendo possit ab impertito otio separare. * arcad.
Those serving in the scrinia of the palace, that is, the bureaux of the memoria, of letters, of libelli (petitions), and of dispositions, if after twenty years of completed service they shall have decided that they must retire, let them, supported by consular honor, be held among the adlected, and let them hold that rank of dignity which is accustomed to be conferred from the consulars. Nor may anyone, by imposing or ordering anything, be able to separate them from the leisure imparted to them. * arcad.
Iubemus, ut primum omnium sit eorum, qui in sacris scriniis nostris, id est memoriae, epistularum libellorum et dispositionum, referuntur, secura possessio ab omnibus sordidis muneribus excusata: superindictum non timeant, venalicium non petantur solumque canonicae indictionis praestent tributum: labore dignitas conquisita extraordinarium munus ignoret nec ullam temonis patiatur iniuriam: equorum tironumque praestationem nullus agnoscat, qui vel adhuc in scriniis militat vel honorem proximi et comitivam primi dispositionum longi temporis sudore quaesivit. et haec quidem patrimoniis censuimus deferenda. * arcad.
We order that, first of all, those who are recorded in our sacred bureaus, that is, of the memoria, of letters, of petitions, and of dispositions, have secure possession, excused from all sordid public services: let them not fear any superindictio, let no venalicium be demanded, and let them render only the tax of the canonical indiction: let the dignity acquired by toil be ignorant of extraordinary munus, nor suffer any wrong of the wagon‑pole: let no one acknowledge the exaction of horses and recruits, whether he still serves in the bureaus or has won, by the sweat of a long time, the honor of proximus and the comitiva of the first of the dispositiones. And we have determined that these things are to be conferred upon the patrimonia. * arcad.
Quod autem omnibus constat deferri, adiectu alterius dignitatis perire non patimur, ut, etiamsi prosperioris fortunae iudicio ad honoris ornamenta processerint , vetera tamen eis scrinii labore privilegia quaesita serventur. <a 407 d.Id.Oct.Ravennae honorio vii et theodosio ii aa.Conss.>
But what is established to be conferred upon all, we do not allow to perish by the addition of another dignity, so that, even if by the judgment of a more prosperous fortune they have advanced to the ornaments of honor, nevertheless the old privileges acquired by the labor of the bureau are preserved to them. <a year 407, on the Ides of October, at Ravenna; when Honorius for the 7th time and Theodosius for the 2nd time, Augusti, were consuls.>
Et sicuti reliqui, qui in isdem scriniis militant, liberum cum ordinariis iudicibus ingressum in secretarium concessumque habere legibus meruerunt, ii quoque, in quos hanc stipendiorum meritis clarissimatus conferimus dignitatem, cum spectabilibus etiam sese ferimus reverentiam recognoscant, ut consedendi ingrediendique secretarium sciant a nobis licentiam contributam. <a 413 d.Viii id.Iun.Ravennae lucio vc.Cons.>
And just as the others who serve in the same scrinia have by the laws deserved to have free entry into the secretarium together with the ordinary judges and to have permission granted, so also those upon whom we confer this dignity of the Clarissimate by the merits of their stipends should recognize that we extend to them reverence even together with the Spectabiles, so that they may know that the license of sitting and of entering the secretarium has been conferred by us. <a 413 day 8 before the Ides of June, at Ravenna, Lucius, a most distinguished man, Consul.>
Unicuique, qui in sacris scriniis militat, sui loci merita servari oportere constituimus, et universos, qui ultra numerum statutorum in isdem scriniis militant , sui gradus respectu per ordinem quem sortiti sunt in deficientium statutorum locum, ut tamen ultimis socientur, subire decernimus: scilicet ut nemini penitus liceat, cum sit posterior tempore, in locum praecedentis ambire, nisi forte adeo qui tempore vincitur laborum comparatione superat, ut quindecim primatum eiusdem scrinii testimonio cum sacramenti religione subnixus praecedentibus dignior iudicetur. * theodos. et valentin.
We decree that, for each person who serves in the sacred scrinia, the merits of his own place must be preserved, and we determine that all who serve beyond the number of the established posts in the same scrinia , with respect to their own grade, shall advance in the order which they have drawn into the places of the established posts that fall vacant, provided, however, that they are joined at the end: namely, that it be in no wise permitted for anyone, since he is later in time, to aspire to the place of one preceding, unless perhaps one who is surpassed in time excels by a comparison of labors, such that, supported by the testimony of fifteen primates of the same scrinium with the sanction of an oath, he is judged more worthy than those preceding. * theodosius and valentinian.
Hanc quoque observationem extra filios proximorum volumus custodiri. etenim cuique proximo unum de suis filiis, qui temporis dumtaxat suffragio nititur, licet parum observasse militiam cognoscatur, insequentibus tempore, qui laborum meritis muniuntur, anteferre posse decernimus. <a 443-444 ? >
We also wish this observation to be kept, except for the sons of the proximi. For indeed we decree that to each proximus one of his sons, who relies only on the suffrage of time, although he is found to have observed military service but little, may be preferred to those who are later in time, who are fortified by the merits of labors. <a 443-444 ? >
Quod si quis de supernumerariis, qui in statuti locum subire debuerat, ne pecuniam offerat, statuti etiam gradum recusare voluerit, sequenti tam offerendae quantitatis praedictae quam subrogandi licentia permittatur, ita videlicet, ut si secundus etiam vel tertius vel cuiuslibet numeri in eadem excusationis voluntate duraverit, accedenti semper eadem copia quam praecedens excusaverat tribuatur. <a 443-444 ? >
But if any of the supernumeraries, who ought to have entered into the place of the statutory post, should wish neither to offer the money nor even to accept the statutory grade, let permission be granted to the next both for offering the aforesaid amount and for subrogation; namely, that if the second also, or the third, or one of any number, shall persist in the same will of refusal, the same option which the preceding had excused shall always be granted to the one who comes up. <a 443-444 ? >
Hos autem, qui ad statutorum ordinem progredi noluerint, nec de suo gradu volumus removeri et, cum vacaverit statuti locus, condicionem quam antea repudiaverant, id est offerendae pecuniae et adipiscendi statuti locum liberam habere praecipimus facultatem. <a 443-444 ? >
But those who have been unwilling to advance to the statutory order, we do not wish to remove from their own rank; and, when the statutory place has fallen vacant, we prescribe that they have the free faculty for the condition which previously they had repudiated, that is, of offering the money and of acquiring the statutory place. <a 443-444 ? >
Proximos sacrorum scriniorum, quos fides ac diuturnae observationis industria litterataque militia, comitem quin etiam dispositionum, quem probitas ac strenuitas merito commendat, completo tempore suae militiae comitivae sacri nostri consistorii cingulo in diem vitae potiri, manentibus videlicet iam dudum praestitis salvis privilegiis, decernimus. * theodos. et valentin.
We decree that the Proximi of the sacred bureaux (sacra scrinia)—whom loyalty, the industry of long observation, and literate service commend—and also the Count of the Dispositions, whom probity and strenuous vigor rightly commend, upon completion of the term of their service, may obtain for life the belt of the comitiva of our sacred consistorium, with the privileges long since granted remaining safe. * Theodosius and Valentinian.
In sacris nostris scriniis militantes per commeatum non continuatim praestitum ante conventionem profecti intra indultum temporis spatium erunt cum suis coniugibus et liberis a conventione securi: ab indictionibus etiam publicorum et civilium munerum et post completam militiam excusatione potiantur: super domibus quoque, quas in provinciis possident, metatorum molestia liberentur. * leo a. patricio mag. off.
Those serving in our sacred bureaus (scrinia), who have set out on leave not granted consecutively before a summons, shall, within the span of time indulged, be secure with their wives and children from legal convening; they shall also be exempt from the indictions of public and civil munera, and, after their service (militia) is completed, let them obtain an excuse (exemption). With respect also to the houses which they possess in the provinces, let them be freed from the annoyance of quartering officers (metatores). * leo a. to the patricius, master of the offices.
Statutos memoriales praecipimus esse in scrinio quidem memoriae sexaginta duos, epistularum vero triginta quattuor, libellorum quoque triginta quattuor: antiquarios vero, qui habentur in scrinio memoriae, numquam minus esse quam quattuor. * leo a. hilariano com. et mag.
We command that the appointed memoriales be in the scrinium of memory, namely sixty-two; of letters, however, thirty‑four; and of libelli likewise thirty‑four: and that the antiquarii, who are held in the scrinium of memory, be never fewer than four. * leo the augustus to hilarianus, count and master.
Si quis in sacris nostris scriniis, id est memoriae dispositionum epistularum et libellorum, statutis iam connumeratus ab hac luce fuerit subtractus, ab eo, quicumque utpote vacante loco de substitutis in statutorum consortio fuerit ultimus subrogatus, pro solacio vel suffragio proximi definitam sacraeque constitutioni divae memoriae theodosii et valentiniani principum insertam quantitatem defuncti heredes vel successores vel liberi eius seu creditores, qui fenus cum mortuo pro statuti loco ei adquirendo contraxerint, consequantur: ita scilicet ut, si hereditas vel successio diem functi minime fuerit suscepta vel adita, tales personae, id est creditores quidem contra ceteros praerogativa sibi servata, li beri autem vel agnati seu cognati non hereditatis sed privilegii nomine simili modo huiusmodi summam percipiant sibique petere ac vindicare permittantur: nullius machinatione huiusmodi nostra dispositione retractanda seu violanda, maxime cum viros etiam pro tempore spectabiles eorundem proximos scriniorum, si quis eorum ante completum proximatus actum morte praeventus sit, ad heredes successoresque suos residui temporis proximatus solacia sine quadam imminutione transmittere non dubitetur. * anastas. a. eusebio mag.
If anyone in our sacred scrinia, that is, in the Memory (Record Office) of the dispositions of epistles and libelli, already counted among the Statuti, should be taken away from this light, from him—whoever, the place being vacant, shall as the last of the Substitutes have been subrogated into the fellowship of the Statuti—let the heirs of the deceased, or his successors, or his children, or his creditors who contracted a loan (fenus) with the deceased for acquiring for him the place of Statutus, obtain the quantity defined for the solace or suffrage of the proximate and inserted in the sacred constitution of the princes of divine memory Theodosius and Valentinian; provided namely that, if the inheritance or succession of the one who has met his day shall in no way have been assumed or entered upon, such persons—that is, the creditors indeed, with prerogative reserved to themselves against the others, and the children or agnates or cognates, not under the name of inheritance but of privilege—shall in like manner receive such a sum and be permitted to seek and claim it for themselves; with no one’s machination recalling or violating this our disposition, especially since it is not to be doubted that even, for the time being, men of Spectabilis rank, the Proximi of the same scrinia, if any of them should be forestalled by death before the proximatus has been completed, transmit to their heirs and successors, without any diminution, the solacia of the remaining time of the proximatus. * Anastasius Augustus to Eusebius, Magister.
In sacris scriniis militantes et parentes atque uxores eorum nec non liberos ex sententia tantummodo tuae celsitudinis criminales et civiles intentiones agentium excipere iubemus, insuper etiam colonos seu adscripticios et servos eorum in hac regia urbe degentes eodem beneficio potiri, fidei pro tempore adiutoris viri spectabilis proximi vel unius ex statutis committendos: ita ut, si in provincia quicumque memorialis repertus fuerit, iuratoriae cautioni committatur, etsi non possideat immobilem substantiam, servi nihilo minus et coloni ad eum pertinentes fidei eius tradantur. * anastas. a. celeri mag.
We order that those serving in the sacred scrinia, and their parents and wives and likewise their children, have criminal and civil claims brought against them entertained only by the decision of Your Highness; moreover that their coloni or adscripticii and their slaves dwelling in this royal city enjoy the same benefit, being for the time committed to the custody of the nearest adiutor, a man of spectabilis rank, or of one of the statuti: so that, if any memorialis is found in a province, he shall be committed to juratory security, even if he does not possess real property; nonetheless the slaves and coloni belonging to him shall be handed over to the custody of the latter. * Anastasius Augustus to Celer, magister.
Modum insuper sportularum ad mediocrem deduci quantitatem et exsecutoribus de schola agentium in rebus attribuendis unum solidum singulos usque ad finem negotii proque ingressu in iudicio tuae magnitudinis quolibet modo faciendo duos solidos et pro editione gestorum exceptoribus dimidiam solidi partem et, si apud arbitrum negotium ventilari contigerit, ipsi quidem arbitrio unum solidum et nihil amplius, exceptoribus autem eum observantibus tam pro ipso quod implere videntur ministerio quam pro editione gestorum seu relationis vel definitionis tertiam partem solidi praebere sancimus: nec pro tempore virum spectabilem fisci patronum vel exsecutores, quibus imminendi litibus sollicitudo iniuncta est, quicquam ab his exigere seu profligare concedi: dimidia scilicet expensarum, quas in iudicio tui culminis a memoratis personis praeberi statuimus, portione in iudi ciis provincialibus ab his agnoscenda: ita ut, si de civilibus annonis vel tutela seu curatione vel novi operis nuntiatione litem eos subire contigerit, in maiore quidem iudicio ad similitudinem sumptuum, quos in iudicio eminentiae tuae dependere praecepti sunt, apud virum autem clarissimum praefectum annonae seu fisci patronum urbicariae magnificae praefecturae vel architectos pro modo eorum, quae super arbitris et litibus apud eos exercendis superius statuta sunt, solventes expensas nihil amplius agnoscere seu dependere cogantur. <a xxx >
Moreover, that the measure of sportulae be reduced to a moderate quantity, and that to the executors of the schola of the agentes in rebus there be assigned one solidus apiece up to the end of the business, and, for the entry into the court of your Magnitude, to be made in whatever manner, two solidi; and for the issuing of the proceedings to the recorders, the half part of a solidus; and, if it should happen that the matter be ventilated before an arbiter, to the arbiter himself indeed one solidus and nothing more, but to the recorders attending him, both for the very ministry which they seem to fulfill and for the issuing of the proceedings or of the report or of the definition, we sanction that a third part of a solidus be provided: nor for the time is it permitted that the man of spectabilis rank, the patron of the fisc, or the executors, upon whom the solicitude of pressing the suits has been enjoined, exact or impose anything from these; namely that a half portion of the expenses which we have established are to be furnished in the court of your summit by the aforesaid persons is to be acknowledged by these in provincial courts: so that, if it should befall them to undergo a suit concerning civil annonae or guardianship or curatorship or the denunciation of a new work, in the higher court indeed according to the likeness of the expenses which they have been ordered to pay in the court of your Eminence, but before the most illustrious man, the Prefect of the Annona, or the patron of the fisc of the magnificent Urban Prefecture, or the architects, paying expenses according to the measure of those things which above have been decreed concerning arbiters and suits to be conducted before them, let them be forced to acknowledge or to pay nothing more. <a xxx >
Omnibus ante latis privilegiis postea, quibus per anteriores divorum principum sanctiones defenduntur, in persona tam eorum, qui adhuc militant et qui postea eandem militiam sortiti sunt, quam eorum, qui praedictam militiam gradu vocante iam deposuerunt vel postea deposuerint, servandis, ut eorum commodo ipsi quoque una cum uxoribus et liberis, colonis praeterea et servis propriis perfruantur. <a xxx >
All privileges previously promulgated, and thereafter, by which they are defended through the earlier sanctions of the deified emperors, are to be observed in the persons both of those who are still in service and who later have obtained the same service, and of those who, with rank calling, have now laid down the aforesaid service or shall later lay it down, so that, for their advantage, they themselves also, together with their wives and children, and moreover with their own coloni and slaves, may enjoy them. <a xxx >
His videlicet, qui militiam virorum devotissimorum memorialium gradu soluto deposuerunt seu deposuerint, et si quietis amore per provincias domicilium fovere maluerint, omnibus nihilo minus privilegiis, quae huiusmodi personis per sacratissimam legem nuper promulgatam a nostra serenitate praestita sunt, muniendis et eorum commodis atque auxilio potituris. <a xxx >
To these, namely, who, their grade being released, have laid down or shall have laid down the service of the most devoted memorial officials, and if, for love of quiet, they should prefer to maintain a domicile through the provinces, they are nonetheless to be secured by all the privileges which to persons of this sort have been afforded by Our Serenity through a most sacred law recently promulgated, and to enjoy their advantages and aid. <a xxx >
Comperimus divinitus quidem fuisse dispositum viros devotos adiutores tuae magnitudinis certo esse in numero nec ad huiusmodi nomen vel operam plures licitum esse adspirare, quam in scrinio quidem sacrae memoriae duodecim tantum, septenos vero in duobus reliquis scriniis, id est sacrarum epistularum sacrorumque libellorum, sed posterioris licentiam temporis supra modum indulgendo ambitionibus disturbasse rei merita ac in multitudinem divulgasse, ut inter memorialium et adiutorum numerum non longum paene intersit. * iustinus a. proculo quaest. sacri palatii.
We have learned that it was, by divine ordinance, arranged that devoted men, adjutors of your Magnitude, be in a fixed number, nor is it permitted that more aspire to such a name or service than: in the scrinium of Sacred Memory, twelve only; but seven apiece in the two remaining scrinia, that is, of Sacred Letters and of Sacred Libelli. But the license of later time, by indulging ambitions beyond measure, has disturbed the merits of the case and has spread it into a multitude, so that there is scarcely any long separation between the number of memorials and of adjutors. * Justin Augustus to Proculus, quaestor of the sacred palace.
Sancimus itaque reduci ac renovari statutum ordinis terminum, non ut eximantur adiutoribus ii, qui praeter praedictam dispositionem in praesenti exuberant, sed ut interea omnibus aliis interdicatur ab adfectando hoc nomen, donec exeuntibus singulis ac recedentibus decrescere possit vetita conglomeratio legitimusque iam resideat numerus: non prohibendis viris devotis adiutoribus desistentibus eodem officio, cum vel ad laterculensis gradum in scrinio sacrae memoriae provecti fuerint vel secundum locum obtinuerint in duobus aliis scriniis, post quem proximi creabuntur, licet nondum redacta sit quantitas pristina, tamen alios pro se quos elegerint subrogandos adiutores petere, qui posteriores erunt ceteris. <a xxx >
We decree, therefore, that the fixed limit of the order be brought back and renewed, not so that those assistants who at present exceed beyond the aforesaid arrangement are removed, but so that meanwhile all others are interdicted from affecting/aspiring to this name, until, as individuals depart and withdraw, the prohibited conglomeration can diminish and the legitimate number may now remain: without forbidding devoted men—the assistants who desist from the same office when either they have been promoted to the laterculensis grade in the scrinium of the Sacred Memory or have obtained the second place in the two other scrinia—after whom the next in rank will be created; although the quantity has not yet been reduced to the former amount, nevertheless they may request that other assistants be subrogated in their stead, whom they shall have chosen for themselves, who will be subsequent to the others. <a xxx >
Illud etiam disponendum duximus utpote nonnullis anterioribus exemplis subnixum nec non iustitiae congruum, ut ab his, quibus concessum est adiutorum agmini pro se sociare, libellus offeratur viro illustri pro tempore quaestori petendaque eius subscriptio tempus atque hominem nec non rem ipsam continens, id est quod inter adiutores ei quem pro se subrogat merere permissum est: ordinandis videlicet isdem adiutoribus pro ratione temporum, quibus libelli porrecti sunt, ut, etiamsi memorialium matricula inferiore loco sit, qui prior in adiutoribus meruit , adiutor quidem habeatur superior, memorialis vero posterior pro utriusque ordinis modo vel discrimine: quod etiam in aliis quoque paene omnibus officiis observari dignoscitur. <a xxx >
We have also thought this to be arranged—supported, as it is, by several earlier examples and likewise congruent with justice—that by those to whom it has been granted to join to themselves, on their own behalf, the band of assistants, a petition be offered to the Illustrious Man, the quaestor for the time being, and that his subscription be requested, containing the time and the person, as well as the matter itself, that is, what among the assistants it is permitted that the one whom he substitutes for himself may earn; namely, that those same assistants are to be ordered according to the reckoning of the times at which the petitions were presented, so that, even if in the matricula of the memorialists he is in a lower place, he who earlier served among the assistants is to be held superior as assistant, but inferior as memorialist, according to the manner or distinction of each order; which is also recognized to be observed in almost all other offices as well. <a xxx >
Hac lege sancimus, si quando adiutores viri magnifici pro tempore quaestoris sacri nostri palatii in accusationem civilis causae vel criminalis deducti fuerint , strictum iuris et integritati congruum ordinem conservari, ut, si sine scriptis conveniendi sint, nomen eius praecipientis ore designatum esse sufficiat: sin autem scriptis in querimoniam unus adiutorum aut plures forte ferendi sint, monumenta sententiarum in persona tantummodo conveniendi adiutoris praecedentium aequum et iustum initium futuro praestent certamini. * iustinus a. tatiano mag. off.
By this law we sanction that, whenever the assistants of the magnificent man who is for the time the quaestor of our sacred palace shall have been brought into accusation of a civil or a criminal case , a strict order of law, congruent with integrity, is to be preserved, such that, if they are to be convened without writings, it shall suffice that the name of the one giving the order be designated by mouth: but if, however, by writings one of the assistants or several are perchance to be brought into complaint, the records of preceding sentences, only in the person of the assistant to be convened, shall furnish a fair and just beginning for the contest to come. * justin the augustus to tatianus, master of the offices.
Et quoniam probatioribus exemplis quam indecorae consuetudini deceat indulgeri, quod in universo scrinio devotissimorum libellensium evicisse monstratur, id in adiutores sacrae memoriae, sacrarum etiam epistularum transferendum censemus, ut , qui liberam proficiscendi licentiam pronuntiatione commeatus indepti fuerint, sine qualibet stipendiorum aut emolumentorum deductione peregre degant, etenim pro tempore viris clarissimis proximis et melloproximis aut eorum adiutoribus absentiae causa vel offerre de suo proprio aut ex annonis aut stipendiis quicquam relinquere cogendi, quamvis ianuarias kalendas indultum excedat spatium et int ra se festum diem contineat. <a xxx >
And since it is more fitting to indulge more approved examples than an unseemly custom, that which is shown to have been carried in the entire bureau of the most devoted libellenses, we judge must be transferred to the assistants of the Sacred Memory and also of the Sacred Letters, so that , those who shall have obtained a free license to set out by the pronouncement of a travel-pass may spend time abroad without any deduction whatever of stipends or emoluments; for indeed at present the viri clarissimi, the proximi and melloproximi, or their assistants, on account of absence are compelled either to contribute from their own property or to leave something from the grain-rations or stipends, although the period exceeds the indulgence to the January Kalends and contains within itself a feast day. <a xxx >
Certae quidem sunt dispositiones nostri numinis, quas super adiutoribus viri illustris pro tempore quaestoris nostri palatii, quorum obsequio res agitur quaestoria, dedimus. * iustinus et iust. aa. tatiano mag.
Certain indeed are the dispositions of our divinity, which, concerning the assistants of the man of illustrious rank who for the time being is quaestor of our palace—by whose attendance the quaestorian business is conducted—we have issued. * Justin and Justinian, the Augusti, to Tatianus, the Master.
Quarum prima quidem ad supplicationem eorundem adiutorum emissa numero eorum, qui erant illo tempore, quo preces nobis obtulerunt, neque aliquem eximi neque aliquem addi praecepit, praeterquam si quis eorum vel ad laterculensis gradum in scrinio sacrae memoriae vel ad secundum locum in duobus aliis scriniis, id est sacrarum epistularum sacrorumque libellorum et cognitionum, provectus fuerit: nam his licere desistentibus ab adiutoris officio alios pro se quos voluerint adiutores subrogare ultimum locum in isdem adiutoribus obtenturos, licet superiorem in memoralibus habeant. <a 527>
Of which the first, indeed, issued upon the supplication of the same assistants, fixed the number of those who were at that time when they presented petitions to us, and ordered that neither anyone be exempted nor anyone added, except if any of them should be advanced either to the laterculensian grade in the scrinium of the Sacred Memory or to the second place in the two other scrinia, that is, of Sacred Letters and of Sacred Libelli and of Cognitions: for to such it is permitted, when they desist from the office of assistant, to substitute in their place other assistants whom they wish, who will obtain the last place among the same assistants, although they have a higher standing among the Memorials. <a 527>
Altera vero per sacram pragmaticam facta est, per quam excelsae memoriae proculo viro suggerente praecipimus illos etiam adiutores posse in suum locum alios inducere, qui per aliquem fortuitum casum minus implere suum officium valeant, veluti senium vel morbum vel aliam necessariam causam: quod ex ipsorum adiutorum petitione idem magnificae memoriae proculus ad nos rettulit. <a 527>
The second indeed was made through a Sacred Pragmatic [Sanction], at the suggestion of Proculus, a man of exalted memory, by which we prescribe that those assistants also are able to introduce others into their own place who, by some fortuitous chance, may be less able to fulfill their office—such as old age, or illness, or another necessary cause: which, from the petition of the assistants themselves, that same Proculus of magnificent memory reported to us. <a 527>
Sed in praesenti, ab aliis memorialibus tam in scrinio sacrae memoriae quam in ceteris duobus sacrarum epistularum sacrorumque libellorum et cognitionum relatis aditi comperimus deminutionem eorundem adiutorum impediri per memoratam pragmaticam sanctionem et insuper venditionis quodammodo memorati officii locum introductum esse. <a 527>
But at present, when we were approached by other memorials, submitted both in the scrinium of Sacred Memory and in the other two, of Sacred Letters and of Sacred Libelli and Cognitions, we found that the diminution of those same assistants is being impeded by the aforesaid pragmatic sanction, and, in addition, that a kind of venue for the sale of the aforesaid office has been introduced. <a 527>
Quod ne de cetero fiat, praesentem sanctionem ad tuam magnitudinem mittimus, per quam iubemus illis tantummodo permissum esse secundum prius nostrae serenitatis rescriptum alios in suum locum subrogare, qui vel laterculensis gradum in scrinio memoriae vel secundum locum in aliis duobus scriniis adepti fuerint, secunda nostra sanctione super hoc capitulo de cetero cessante: nulli danda licentia eorundem adiutorum, praeterquam si ad memoratos gradus adscenderit, alium pro se isdem adiutoribus ex quocumque fortuito casu connumerare, ut eo modo ad veterem numerum idem adiutores redeant et duodecim quidem in scrinio sacrae memoriae, s epteni vero in aliis duobus sint, id est sacrarum epistularum sacrorumque libellorum et cognitionum. <a 527>
Lest this be done henceforth, we send the present sanction to your Magnitude, through which we order that it be permitted only to those—according to the earlier rescript of our Serenity—to subrogate others in their place, who shall have obtained either the laterculensis grade in the scrinium of memory or the second place in the other two scrinia, our second sanction on this chapter hereafter ceasing: no license is to be given to those same assistants, except if he has ascended to the aforementioned grades, to co-enroll another in his stead among the same assistants on account of whatever fortuitous occurrence, so that in this way the same assistants may return to the old number, and twelve indeed in the scrinium of sacred memory, but seven in the other two, that is, of sacred letters and of sacred libelli and cognitions. <a 527>
Illo videlicet observando, ne alius adiutor per quamcumque ambitionem his qui in praesenti sunt vel post eorum deminutionem, licet in veterem numerum redacti fuerint, addatur: nam si permutationem, licet fortuito casus inciderint, prohiberi disposuimus, multo magis prioribus manentibus alios introduci vetamus: ceteris scilicet anterioris sanctionis capitulis in suo robore permansuris. <a 527>
With this namely being observed, that no other assistant, through whatever ambition, be added to those who are at present, or after their diminution, even if they shall have been reduced to the old number: for if we have determined that permutation, even if fortuitous cases may have arisen, is to be prohibited, much more do we forbid others to be introduced while the former remain: the other chapters of the prior sanction, namely, being to remain in their own force. <a 527>
Nullus de schola agentium in rebus de cetero locum mortui conetur invadere, sed is, qui ordine stipendiorum et laborum merito ad gradum militiae sequebatur, statim atque illum fata subduxerint in eius praemia percipienda succedat omni obreptione cessante. * arcad. honor.
Let no one from the schola of the agentes in rebus henceforth try to seize the place of a dead man; but let the one who, by the order of stipends and by the merit of labors, was following to the grade of service, as soon as the Fates have removed him, step in to receive his rewards, with all underhand encroachment ceasing. * arcad. honor.
Matriculam agentum in rebus a tua celsitudine confectam amittentes iubemus, ne ducenarii plus quam quadraginta octo in cingulis habeantur in posterum: et numerum centenariorum ducenti viri, quos vocante tempore gradus competentes admiserint, parique modo biarchorum nomen meritumque ducenti quinquaginta viri dumtaxat , praeterea circitorum trecenti et equitum quadringenti quinquaginta impleant. * leo a. patricio mag. off.
We order, disregarding the matricula of the agentes in rebus compiled by your Highness, that no more than 48 ducenarii be held on the active list hereafter: and that the number of centenarii be 200 men, whom, as time calls, they shall have admitted to the competent grades; and in like manner that the name and grade of the biarchi be only 250 men; moreover, that the circitores be 300 and the horsemen 450. * Leo Augustus to the Patricius, Master of Offices.
Sit in aeternum illa quoque fixa stabilisque tuae sublimitatis dispositio, ut, si quis de numero ducenariorum, quos quadraginta octo quotannis esse censuimus, forsitan de luce migraverit, laborum eius fructum successores ab intestato vel ex testamento venientes luctui dispenset, et ita omnibus inter ceteros superstites potiantur solaciis, tamquam si vivus, qui haec eadem diu speraverat, sibimet vindicasset: qua de causa locum etiam eius successorum intuitu vacare conveniet. <a xxx >
Let also that ordinance of Your Sublimity be fixed and stable for eternity, that, if anyone of the number of the ducenarii, whom we have assessed to be forty-eight each year, should perhaps depart from the light, the fruit of his labors may be dispensed by it to his successors coming ab intestato or from a testament for mourning, and thus among the other survivors let all obtain consolations, as if, while alive, he who had long hoped for these same things had claimed them for himself: for which cause it will be fitting that his post also stand vacant out of regard for his successors. <a xxx >
Ex eo, quo primum ducenae vel centenariorum gradum in schola agentum in rebus militantes meruerint, desinant in sacratissima videlicet civitate constituti alterius iudicis cuiuslibet auctoritate pulsari, vel in alio quolibet examine praeterquam viri magnifici magistri officiorum et cui forsitan ipse concesserit actionibus sui quisque adversarii respondere. quod multo magis in criminalibus causis observari decernimus: absurdum est enim, ut in eius salutem vel existimationem valeat quisquam proferre sententiam, cuius de nulla re possit pecuniaria iudicare. * leo a. patricio mag.
From the time when those serving in military matters in the schola of the agentes in rebus shall first have earned the grade of ducenarii or centenarii, let them, while stationed in the most sacred city, cease to be haled under the authority of any other judge whatsoever, or into any other forum of examination, except that of the most magnificent man, the Master of the Offices, and of anyone to whom he himself may perhaps have granted that each should answer the actions of his adversary. We decree that this be observed much more in criminal causes: for it is absurd that anyone should be able to pronounce a sentence affecting a man’s safety or reputation, who is not able to judge concerning him in pecuniary matters. * Leo Augustus to the Patricius, Master of the Offices.
Huius autem beneficii praerogativam subadiuvis etiam, qui singulis inveniuntur temporibus, deferri iubemus, licet hanc in eorum persona more quoque vetere servari cognoverimus: ut tamen post depositum officium memoratum, si non inter centenarios numerentur, communi iam lege respondere non ambigant. <a xxx >
We order that the prerogative of this benefice be conferred also upon the sub‑assistants who are found in the several periods, although we have learned that this is likewise maintained in their person by ancient custom: so that, however, after the aforesaid office has been laid down, if they are not counted among the centenarii, they should not hesitate now to be answerable under the common law. <a xxx >
Praedictas autem omnes centenariorum personas in provincia repertas concessa nunc speciali fori praerogativa, nisi publicae exsecutionis sollicitudo his iniuncta sit, uti prohibemus eosque ordinariorum etiam iudicum pro vetere iure sententiis oboedire praecipimus. <a xxx >
Moreover, we forbid all the aforesaid persons of the centenarii found in the province to use the special prerogative of forum now granted, unless the charge of public execution has been enjoined upon them; and we command that they obey the sentences of the ordinary judges also, in accordance with the ancient law. <a xxx >
Agentes in rebus, qui per ordinem consequi solent principatus insignia, in unoquoque scrinio fabricarum et barbarorum quaternos subadiuvarum sollicitudine per annum dumtaxat integrum procedentes gradatim subire hac in aeternum valitura lege decernimus: exceptis videlicet universis negotiatoribus quodlibet mercimonium per se gerentibus interpositasve personas, cum eis ante sacratissimis constitutionibus interdictum sit militare: exceptis nihilo minus his, qui possessionum alienarum sollicitudinem procurationemve susceperint. eos enim ad haec officia volumus adspirare, quorum labores scholae agentum in rebus testimonio comproban tur. * leo a. patricio mag.
Agents in Affairs, who are accustomed to obtain in due order the insignia of leadership (principatus), we decree by this law—valid forever—that, in each bureau (scrinium) of the fabricae and of the barbarians, they are to enter step by step, advancing in fours under the oversight of the subadiuves, for one whole year only: with all merchants excepted, namely those carrying on any merchandise on their own or through intermediaries, since it has been forbidden them by most sacred constitutions to serve in the soldiery; and likewise excepting those who have undertaken the care or procuration of others’ estates. For we wish those to aspire to these offices whose labors are verified by the testimony of the schola of the Agents in Affairs (agentes in rebus). * leo augustus to the patricius, master.
Illi quoque sunt ab hac liberalitate nostrae mansuetudinis excludendi, qui, cum scholae eidem socientur, in sacris scriniis, quibus vir spectabilis primicerius et tertiocerius praesunt, adiuvantes eos publicarum chartarum tractatibus occupantur et duobus officiis operam suam adhibere non possunt: nam praeter emolumenta, quae de praedictis scriniis consequuntur, principatus etiam solacio debent esse contenti. <a xxx >
Those also must be excluded from this liberality of our mildness who, although they are associated with the same schola, are engaged in the sacred scrinia, over which the vir spectabilis primicerius and tertiocerius preside, assisting them in the handling of public charters, and cannot apply their service to two offices: for, besides the emoluments which they obtain from the aforesaid scrinia, they ought also to be content with the solace of precedence. <a xxx >
Quod si morbo vel aetatis senio capti vel imperiti huiusmodi rerum vel quocumque alio vitio praepediti per se memorati officii curam subire nequiverint, consideratis praecedentibus eorum laboribus per substitutum chartularium eiusdem scrinii, cui praefuturus est ipse, idoneum et tam moribus optimis praeditum quam scientiam peritiamque rerum habentem electione sua suarumque periculo facultatum praefatum munus eos implere praecipimus. <a xxx >
But if, seized by illness or by the senility of age, or unskilled in matters of this kind, or impeded by whatever other defect, they should have been unable by themselves to assume the care of the aforesaid office, their preceding labors having been considered, through a substitute chartulary of the same scrinium, over which he himself is about to preside—one suitable and endowed with the best morals and possessing knowledge and expertise of affairs—by his own election and at the peril of his own resources, we command that they fulfill the aforesaid function. <a xxx >
Hac saluberrima sanctione decernimus agentes in rebus pro conventionibus et modo sportularum exsecutoribus praebendarum pro quantitate sumptuum, quae circa litigia sibimet ab aliis inferenda vel a se contra alios per semet ipsos seu per ordinandos a se procuratores exercenda convenit ab his agnosci, beneficiis, quae in sacro nostro militantibus ministerio iam pridem per divinas sanctiones indulta sunt, perpotiri, fideiussorem idoneum de eadem schola, non autem extraneum offerre compelli: * anastas. a. celeri mag. off.
By this most health-giving sanction we decree that the agentes in rebus, as regards the agreements and the manner of the sportulae to be furnished to the executors, in proportion to the amount of the expenses which, in connection with litigations to be brought against themselves by others or to be pursued by themselves against others, whether by themselves or by procurators to be appointed by them, it is fitting should be acknowledged by them, shall enjoy to the full the benefits which by divine sanctions have long since been granted to those soldiering in our sacred ministry, and that they be compelled to offer a suitable surety from the same schola and not an outsider: * Anastasius Aug. to Celer, Master of the Offices.
Ita tamen, ut privilegia, quaecumque centenariis seu ducenariis vel chartulariis seu viris clarissimis principibus post depositam quoque militiam iam per dispositiones principales impertita et nunc usque observata esse noscuntur, intacta inviolataque custodiantur, cum perabsurdum perque temerarium sit hanc nostrae pietatis liberalitatem quemquam astuta interpretatione non ad augmentum anteriorum privilegiorum, sed imminutionem convertere concedi: <a xxx >
Nevertheless, on condition that the privileges, whatever are known to have been imparted to centenaries or ducenaries or chartularies or men of most illustrious rank, principes, even after military service has been laid down, already through principal dispositions, and to have been observed up to now, be kept intact and inviolate; since it is most absurd and most rash that this liberality of our piety be allowed to be turned by anyone, by a crafty interpretation, not to the augmentation of prior privileges, but to their diminution: <a xxx >
Agentes in rebus post palmam laboris emeriti principatus honore remuneramus. atque ideo officiales tam ad necessitates publicas quam privatas non nisi principe mittantur auctore, nullarumque sine ipso cuiquam mandetur exhibitio personarum, etiamsi intercessio in locis degentis officii fuerit impertita. * grat.
Agentes in rebus we remunerate, after the palm of merited labor, with the honor of a principate. and therefore officials, for necessities both public and private, are to be sent only with the princeps as authorizer, and the exhibition of persons is to be entrusted to no one without him, even if an intercession of the office of one residing in the places has been imparted. * grat.
Causarum etiam patronos volumus esse conventos, ne ignorante principe ullam postulationem introducant, neve sub unius persona suscepti fraude quadam aliena negotia inserenda esse pertemptent. <a 386 d.Prid.K.Mart.Constantinopoli honorio np.Et euodio conss.>
We also will that the patrons of causes be summoned, lest, with the prince unaware, they introduce any petition, and lest, under the persona of one whom they have undertaken, by a certain fraud they attempt to have alien business inserted. <a 386, on the day before the Kalends of March, at constantinople, honorius, most noble boy, and evodius, consuls.>
Omnia citatoria, omnium scilicet causarum atque personarum, licet sint senatoriae dignitatis, ad principes specialiter revocari praecipimus, actus vero ceteros , qui in sacratissimo coetu senatus tractari consueverunt, censualium sollicitudine celebrari, nec aliquid praeiudicium ex subreptivo rescripto supplicibus inferri. * arcad. et hohor.
We command all citations, namely of all cases and persons, although they be of senatorial dignity, to be specially recalled to the princes; but the other acts , which are accustomed to be handled in the most sacred assembly of the senate, are to be conducted by the solicitude of the censuales, nor is any prejudice to be brought upon the suppliants from a surreptitious rescript. * Arcadius and Honorius.
Et si quis agens in rebus post viginti quinque annorum curricula ob adversam corporis valitudinem militiae finem minime valuerit expectare, sed ad honorariam ex principe dignitatem testimonio scholae procilierit, isdem eum privilegiis muniri censemus, quibus ii qui ad principatus actum progressi sunt potiuntur. <a 436 d.Iiii k.Febr.Constantinopoli theodosio a.Xv et qui fuerit nuntiatus.>
And if any agent in affairs, after the courses of twenty-five years, on account of adverse bodily health has by no means been able to await the end of service, but has been advanced to an honorary dignity from the Emperor by the testimony of the schola, we judge that he be fortified with the same privileges which those enjoy who have progressed to the act of the principate. <in 436 d.4 k.Febr. at Constantinople Theodosius a.15 and as shall have been announced.>
Sed in salutationibus iudicum concessibusque priores eos, qui per longae militiae metas ad principatus actum pervenerint, etsi actus tempore posteriores sint, esse praecipimus. <a 436 d.Iiii k.Febr.Constantinopoli theodosio a.Xv et qui fuerit nuntiatus.>
But in the salutations of judges and in the assemblies we order that those who, through the bounds of long military service, have arrived at the exercise of the office of principatus, be first, even if they are later in time in appointment. <a 436 d.4 k.Febr.Constantinopoli theodosio a.15 et qui fuerit nuntiatus.>
Nihil censualibus vel apparitoribus adversus privilegia eorum excogitantibus, tamquam in actu principatus fuerit versati, vicenarum librarum auri condemnatione contra eos proposita. <a 436 d.Iiii k.Febr.Constantinopoli theodosio a.Xv et qui fuerit nuntiatus.>
Let nothing be devised by the census-officials or the apparitors against their privileges, as though they had been engaged in the exercise of the principate, with a condemnation of twenty pounds of gold set forth against them. <in 436, on the 4th day before the Kalends of February, at Constantinople, in the 15th year of Theodosius, and as it was announced.>
Eos, qui ordine transcursa militia post ducenam ad desideratum principis pervenerint gradum aut adiutores viri illustris magistri officiorum extiterint, cum inter honoratos coeperint numerari, vicarianae dignitatis titulis decorari censemus. * theodos. et valentin.
Those who, having run through the service in due order, after the ducenarian grade have attained the grade desired by the princeps, or have been assistants of the illustrious man, the Master of the Offices, when they have begun to be counted among the honorati, we decree to be adorned with the titles of vicarian dignity. * theodosius and valentinian.
Principes agentum in rebus, quos saepe saeva pericula vitaeque interdum renuntiatio ad memoratum gradum adduxit, completo tempore suae militiae comitivae primi ordinis cingulo in diem vitae potiri, manentibus videlicet dudum praestitis salvis privilegiis, decernimus. * theodos. et valentin.
We decree that the chiefs of the agentes in rebus, whom often savage dangers and at times the renunciation of life has brought to the aforesaid grade, when the time of their service is completed, are to obtain for life the belt of the companionate of the first order, the privileges, namely those long since granted, remaining safe. * Theodosius and Valentinian.
Quicumque ex corpore cohortalium militans in schola agentum in rebus filium procreaverit, antequam ad metas militiae suae perveniat, principatus honore decoretur, licet ipse post finitam militiam utpote liber nulla debeat huiusmodi conventione pulsari, filium tamen cohortali condicioni relinquat obnoxium. * leo a. nicostrato pp. * <a 468 >
Whoever, from the body of the cohortales, serving in the schola of the agentes in rebus, shall have begotten a son, before he reaches the bounds of his service, let him be adorned with the honor of the principatus; although he himself, after his service is finished, as a free man, ought not to be proceeded against by any agreement of this kind, nevertheless he leaves his son subject to the cohortalis condition. * Leo Augustus to Nicostratus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 468 >
Si vero, postquam adeptus fuerit principatum, ediderit filium, is qui natus est, etiamsi in schola devotissimorum agentum in rebus militiam sortitus non fuerit, ita sit liber ac securus nec ullis cohortalis officii nexibus obligetur, quasi iam ex patre libero et ab hac condicione penitus alieno progenitus. <a 468 >
But if, after he has obtained the principate, he has begotten a son, the one who is born, even if he has not obtained service in the schola of the most devoted Agents in Affairs, shall thus be free and secure, nor be bound by any bonds of the cohortal office, as though already begotten from a father free and wholly alien from this condition. <a 468 >
Multis devotissimae scholae agentum in rebus aditionibus permoti viros clarissimos eiusdem scholae principes, qui finitis militiae stipendiis exeunt, quotiens ex maioris iudicis sententiis ipsi vel eorum coniuges aut liberi vel servi aut coloni sive per se sive per procuratores conveniantur, non amplius quam unum solidum exsecutoribus sportularum nomine praebere compelli, apparitoribus vicarianis seu praesidalis iudicii non nisi tertia parte solidi tantum praestanda: * zeno a. iohanni mag. off. * <a 484 d.K.Sept.Theodorico cons.>
Moved by many petitions of the most devoted schola of the agentes in rebus, we ordain that the most illustrious men, the chiefs of the same schola, who, when the stipends of their military service are finished, retire, whenever by the sentences of a superior judge they themselves or their wives or children or slaves or coloni, whether in their own persons or through procurators, are summoned, be compelled to provide to the executors no more than one solidus under the name of sportulae; to the apparitors of the vicarian or of the praesidial court only a third part of a solidus is to be paid: * zeno augustus to john, master of offices. * <a 484 d.K.Sept.Theodorico cons.>
Nullasque eisdem concussiones aut vexationes in praebendis fideiussoribus ingeri , sed eos fideiussores quos locorum defensor existimaverit dare, ita videlicet, ut pro tenore generalium edictorum ii, qui vel in sacratissima urbe vel in provinciis immobiles possident facultates, iuratoriae cautioni et substantiae suae credantur. <a 484 d.K.Sept.Theodorico cons.>
And let no shakedowns or vexations be inflicted upon the same in furnishing sureties, but let them provide those sureties whom the defender of the places shall consider [fit] to give, namely, that according to the tenor of the general edicts, those who possess immovable assets either in the most sacred city or in the provinces are to be trusted upon an oath-pledge and upon their own substance. <a 484 d.K.Sept.Theodorico cons.>
Arbitro vero non amplius quam solidum et fisci patronis dimidiam solidi partem, notariis vero tertiam usque ad finem, sicut dictum est, causae praestare: super editione quoque chartularum solidi partem dimidiam praebere. <a 484 d.K.Sept.Theodorico cons.>
To the arbitrator, indeed, not more than one solidus, and to the patrons of the fisc half a solidus, but to the notaries a third, up to the end of the case, as has been said, are to be provided: concerning the issuing of the charters as well, to provide half a solidus. <a 484 d.K.Sept.Theodorico cons.>
Quod si non apud arbitrum, sed in competentibus iudiciis maioribus cognitio celebretur, inducendi quidem negotii gratia non nisi quattuor solidos eosdem viros clarissimos erogare, gestorum vero excipiendorum causa duos tantummodo solidos dare et nullius ultra supra scriptas quantitates cuilibet alteri praestandi sumptus exactione vexari. <a 484 d.K.Sept.Theodorico cons.>
But if the hearing is not before an arbiter, but is held in the competent higher courts, then for the sake of introducing the business let them disburse to those same most illustrious men not more than four solidi; and for the purpose of taking down the records let them give only two solidi; and let no one be harassed by exaction for expenses to be provided to any other beyond the quantities written above. <a 484 d.K.Sept.Theodorico cons.>
Curiosi et stationarii, vel quicumque funguntur hoc munere, crimina iudicibus nuntianda meminerint et sibi necessitatem probationis incumbere, non citra periculum sui, si insontibus eos calumnias nexuisse constiterit. cesset ergo prava consuetudo, per quam carceri aliquos immittebant. * constantius a. ad lollianum pp. * <a 355 d.Xi k.Aug.Mediolani acc.Xii k.Sept.Arbitrione et lolliano conss.>
The curiosi and stationarii, or whoever perform this duty, should remember that crimes are to be announced to the judges and that the necessity of proof rests upon themselves, not without peril to themselves, if it is established that they have woven calumnies against the innocent. Therefore let the depraved custom cease, by which they used to commit some to prison. * constantius a. to lollianus pp. * <in 355, on the 11th day before the Kalends of August, at Milan; received on the 12th day before the Kalends of September. arbition and lollianus, consuls.>
Agentes in rebus in curiis agendis et evectionibus publici cursus inspiciendis nostrorum memores praeceptorum credimus in omnibus velle profutura rei publicae: ideoque solos agentes in rebus in hoc genere iussimus obsequium adhibere, et non ab alio penitus officio. * constantius a. et iul. c.Ad taurum pp. * <a 357 d.Xv k.Mai.Mediolani constantio a.Viiii et iuliano c.Ii conss.>
Agents in affairs, in managing the curiae and in inspecting the travel-warrants of the public post, mindful of our precepts, we believe to desire in all things what will be advantageous to the republic: and therefore we have ordered that only the agents in affairs render compliance in this kind, and not at all from any other office. * Constantius the Augustus and Julian the Caesar. To Taurus, Praetorian Prefect. * <in 357, on the 15th day before the Kalends of May, at Milan; in the consulship of Constantius the Augustus for the 9th time and Julian the Caesar for the 2nd time.>
Hi vero pervigili diligentia providebunt, ne quis contra evectionis auctoritatem moveat cursum vel amplius postulet, quam concessit evectio. quisquis igitur aliquid tale perpetrare temptaverit, improbi coepti privetur effectu. <a 357 d.Xv k.Mai.Mediolani constantio a.Viiii et iuliano c.Ii conss.>
But these will, with ever-vigilant diligence, provide that no one, against the authority of the evectio, set the cursus in motion or demand more than the evectio has granted. Whoever, therefore, shall attempt to perpetrate anything of this sort, let him be deprived of the effect of his wicked undertaking. <a 357 d.15 k.Mai.Mediolani constantio a.9 et iuliano c.2 conss.>
Demonstretur etiam iudicibus vel curiosis evectio, etiamsi quis nobis iubentibus festinare memoret in obsequium necessarium, nec praevaleat contumacia vel dignitas. <a 357 d.Xv k.Mai.Mediolani constantio a.Viiii et iuliano c.Ii conss.>
Let the evectio also be shown to judges or curiosi, even if someone should allege that, with us ordering, he is hastening for necessary service; nor let obstinacy or dignity prevail. <a 357 on the 15th day before the Kalends of May, at Milan, when Constantius, Augustus, for the 9th time, and Julian, Caesar, for the 2nd time, were consuls.>
Ergo nummum vetamus exposci pro animalibus in cursu minime constitutis. quod si forte aliquis aestimaverit perpetrandum, eius quadruplum quod accepit inferre cogatur. <a 357 d.Xv k.Mai.Mediolani constantio a.Viiii et iuliano c.Ii conss.>
Therefore we forbid money to be demanded for animals not at all assigned to the cursus. But if perchance anyone has thought this should be carried out, let him be compelled to pay fourfold what he received. <a 357 on the 15th day before the Kalends of May, at Milan, with Constantius in his 9th as Augustus and Julian in his 2nd as Caesar, consuls.>
Per id tempus, quo cursus tuendi sollicitudinem sustinetis, condemnationes praefectorum praetorio circa eos solos irritae sunt futurae, qui servaverint honestatem. erga eos vero, qui inhoneste et contra decus saeculi vel honorem militiae versabuntur, non solum condemnatio mansura est, verum etiam gravior poena statuenda. * constantius a. ad agentes in rebus.
During that time in which you bear the concern of maintaining the cursus, the condemnations of the Praetorian Prefects will be void only with respect to those who shall have preserved honesty. But toward those who will conduct themselves dishonestly and against the decorum of the age or the honor of the soldiery, not only will the condemnation remain, but an even graver penalty is to be established. * constantius a. to the agentes in rebus.
Prisco iam nunc ordine revocato de palatino potius officio ad gerendum principatum officii comitis domorum per cappadociam mittantur, quales comes etiam domorum, si inhonestum aliquid gesserit, vereatur. * grat. valentin.
With the ancient order now restored, let them be sent from the Palatine office rather to carry on the leadership of the office of the count of the household throughout Cappadocia, men such that even the count of the household, if he has done something dishonorable, should be afraid. * Gratian, Valentinian.
Nihil omnino ullis iudicibus cum palatinis nostrae clementiae, quicumque a comitibus diriguntur, sit commune atque coniunctum, sed excepta reverentia, quae non solum ab inferioribus, sed etiam a maioribus et in provincia degentibus rectoribus proviniarum debetur atque defertur, suis quisque necessitatibus obsecundet. * grat. valentin.
Let nothing at all be common or conjoined between any judges and the palatine officials of Our Clemency, whoever are directed by the counts; but, reverence excepted—which is owed and rendered not only by inferiors, but also by superiors and by the governors of the provinces residing in the province—let each one comply with his own obligations. * Gratian, Valentinian.
Quidam post impletum ordinem militiae palatinae quam gesserant honoremque transactum ad exceptorum scrinia transire nituntur. hac igitur lege sancimus, ut nulli prorsus dehinc ista audendi relinquatur occasio: sed unusquisque eius scrinii , quod primum militando elegit, ordinem persequatur nec in alterius loco finem militiae requirat, qui iam proprii ordinis transegerit principatum. * grat.
Certain persons, after the order of the Palatine service which they had borne has been completed and the honor discharged, strive to pass over to the bureaus of the exceptores. Therefore by this law we sanction that no one at all henceforth be left the opportunity of daring this: but let each person pursue the order of that bureau , which he first chose by serving, and let him not seek the end of his service in another’s place, he who has already carried through the principate of his own order. * grat.
Ab officiis palatinorum excellentia tua sciat ita penitus recedendum, ut neque ipsa postmodum licitum sibi credat isdem aliquid iniungere et praeterea provinciarum rectores prohibeat quicquam ulterius tale conari. * grat. valentin.
Let Your Excellency know that there must be so complete a withdrawal on the part of the palatine offices, that not even Your Excellency thereafter should deem it permitted to impose anything upon those same persons, and moreover that it should forbid the governors of the provinces to attempt anything further of this sort. * Gratian, Valentinian.
Scriniis omnibus largitionum comitatensium infra scriptas decernimus dignitates, ut his contenti ambiendi sibi aditum interclusum esse cognoscant, etiamsi speciale beneficium emendicato suffragio quisquam valuerit impetrare. annonas etiam iuxta definitum dignitatum modum volumus postulari nec amplius quicquam praesumi. * grat.
We decree the below-written dignities to all the scrinia of the comital Largesses, so that, content with these, they may know that the access for canvassing for themselves is shut off, even if anyone should have been able to obtain a special beneficium by a begged-for suffrage. We also will that the rations (annonae) be requested according to the defined measure of the dignities, and that nothing further be presumed. * grat.
Palatinos, qui sacrarum remunerationum rationem tractantes inculpanter ad calcem terminumque militiae pervenerint, adiutorem et primicerios diversorum officiorum praecepimus habere privilegia, quae nuper agentum in rebus scholae a nostra sunt mansuetudine contributa, scilicet ut a tironum praebitione memorati reddantur exsortes ceteraque onera non agnoscant. * honor. et theodos.
We have ordered that the Palatines who, handling the account of sacred remunerations, have blamelessly reached the completion and terminus of service, as well as the adjutor and the primicerii of the various offices, are to have the privileges which were lately, by our clemency, conferred upon the schola of the agentes in rebus, namely, that the aforementioned be rendered exempt from the furnishing of recruits and not acknowledge the other burdens. * Honorius and Theodosius.
Ad similitudinem sanctionis, quam de proximis sacrorum promulgavimus scriniorum, etiam in officio sacrarum largitionum atque privatarum pro biennio annum sub perpetua observatione praecipimus custodiri, ita ut et privilegia, quae huiusmodi officiis vel primiceriis sacris legibus deferuntur, integra illibataque serventur. * honor. et theodos.
After the fashion of the sanction which we have promulgated concerning the proximi of the sacred scrinia, we likewise command that in the office of the sacred largesses and of the privy estates, for a biennium, the yearly term be maintained under perpetual observance, so that the privileges which by sacred laws are conferred upon such offices or upon the primicerii may be preserved entire and inviolate. * Honorius and Theodosius.
Viros devotos palatinos non oportere in hac regia urbe apud virum illustrem praefectum urbis litigare compelli, nisi de aedificatione domorum et servitutibus et annonis orta videatur causa: in aliis vero causis tam pecuniariis quam criminalibus apud viros illustres tantummodo comites suos respondere. * theodos. a. et valentin.
Devoted Palatines ought not to be compelled to litigate in this royal city before the Illustrious Urban Prefect, unless the cause appears to have arisen concerning the building of houses, servitudes, and rations; but in other causes, both pecuniary and criminal, they are to answer only before their own Illustrious Counts. * theodosius aug. and valentinian.
Rectoribus autem provinciarum intra administrationis suae fines inter praesentes palatinos nec causis publicis occupatos cognoscere tam pro civili quam pro criminali causa permittimus, sic tamen, ut non aliter criminalis sententia adversus eos proferatur, nisi ex suggestione provincialis iudicii vir illustris comes sub quo militat certioratus hoc ei permiserit. <a xxx >
Moreover, we permit the governors of the provinces, within the limits of their own administration, to take cognizance, among palatine officials who are present and not engaged in public business, both for a civil and for a criminal cause; provided, however, that a criminal sentence is not otherwise pronounced against them, unless, upon the suggestion of the provincial court, the illustrious man, the count under whom he serves, having been informed, has permitted this to him. <a xxx >
Inter alias praerogativas, quas ante meruerant scholae societatis sacrarum largitionum, primicerius et tres primicerii scriniorum tribuni praetoriani militaris dignitate fruantur, nulla eis ex cuiuslibet iudicis praeceptione iniungenda publica vel privata necessitate. * theodos. et valentin.
Among the other prerogatives which the scholae of the societas of the Sacred Largesses had previously merited, let the primicerius and the three primicerii, tribunes of the scrinia, enjoy the praetorian military dignity, with no public or private necessity to be enjoined upon them by the precept of any judge. * theodosius and valentinian.
Iubemus viros devotos palatinos rei nostri numinis privatae isdem privilegiis decorari, quibus etiam palatini qui in sacris largitionibus deferuntur. cum enim par similisque militia sint, iustum et competens videtur isdem utrumque officium privilegiis gloriari. * theodos.
We order that the devoted palatine men of our divine majesty’s Private Estate be adorned with the same privileges with which also the palatines who are assigned in the Sacred Largesses are endowed. For since their service is equal and similar, it seems just and fitting that both offices should glory in the same privileges. * theodos.
Primicerios itaque officii tresque primates scriniorum rerum privatarum finito tempore militiae inter tribunos militares praetorianos, salvis isdem praestitis privilegiis sacris constitutionibus, nostram clementiam adorare decernimus, ita tamen, ut nullam iniunctionem nullam sollicitudinem privati vel publici negotii quolibet iudiciario praecepto sustinere possint, sed excepta omni necessitate omnique fatigatione indeptae dignitatis honore potiantur. <a xxx >
Accordingly, we decree that the primicerii of the Officium and the three primates of the scrinia of the Res Privata, when the time of their service has been finished, are to adore our clemency among the praetorian military tribunes, the same privileges granted by the sacred constitutions being preserved; provided, however, that they can sustain no injunction and no solicitude of a private or public business by any judicial precept, but, every necessity and all fatigation being excepted, let them enjoy the honor of the dignity obtained. <a xxx >
Per omnes provincias edictum generale misimus, ut ab stratoribus unus tantum solidus probae nomine posceretur, et in offerendis equis certam formam staturam aetatem proviciales nostri custodiendam esse cognoscant. * valentin. et valens aa. ad zosimum praes.
Through all the provinces we have sent a general edict, that from the equerries only one solidus be demanded under the name of proof, and that, in offering horses, our provincials should know that a definite form, stature, and age is to be observed. * valentinian and valens, augusti, to zosimus, praeses
Officium quoque gravitatis tuae centum argenti libris multabitur, si sciens praedictam rem gestam fuisse non ilico eam severitati iudiciariae prodidisset. <a 373 d. xiii k. iul. apolloniae valentiniano et valente aa. conss.>
The office also of your Gravity shall be fined one hundred pounds of silver, if, though aware that the aforesaid matter had been done, it did not immediately disclose it to judicial severity. <in the year 373, on the 13th day before the Kalends of July, at Apollonia, when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls.>
In officio spectabilitatis tuae secundum formam divalium responsorum post completum tempus praefinitum, id est biennium, prioribus decedentibus insequentes ad locum pro merito laborum stipendiorumque succedant, nec ulla licentia tribuatur his, qui impletum deposuerint officium, denuo ad eandem militiam vel sollicitudinem remeandi. * honor. et theodos.
In the office of your spectability, according to the form of the divine responses, after the pre-defined time has been completed, that is two years, as the former holders depart, the successors shall advance to the post in proportion to the merit of their labors and stipends; and no license shall be granted to those who have laid down a completed office to return again to the same service or solicitude. * Honorius and Theodosius.
Ante omnia nullius penitus alterius iudicis minoris vel maioris sacro ministerio nostro deputatos, quorum officia singillatim brevis subter adnexus continet, nisi a tuae dumtaxat magnitudinis sententiis conveniri, ut in nullo penitus alterius iudicis foro pulsantium nisi in tuae tantummodo amplitudinis examine praebeant aliquando responsum. * leo et zeno aa. hilariano com. et mag.
Before all, let those assigned to our sacred ministry be by no means convened by any other judge, lesser or greater—whose offices a short list appended below contains individually—except only by the judgments of your Magnitude, so that in the forum of no other judge whatsoever they may at any time offer an answer to plaintiffs, save only under the examination of your Amplitude. * leo and zeno aa. to hilarianus, count and master of the offices.
Sed ne in hoc ipso iudicio enormibus molestentur dispendiis, vel ex nudis conveniantur facile cuiuscumque mandatis, ipsis quoque sportulis et fideiussionibus modum constituimus observandum, ante omnia decernentes, ne quando sine scriptura vel interpellatione deposita ac sententia prorogata tuae magnitudinis eademque non edita conveniri posse, conventos vero non alium fideiussorem nisi actuarium vel unum e primatibus suae scholae exsecutoribus pro suae personae responsione sine scripto praestare, sive per se ipsi sive procuratore dato in iudicio responsuri sunt, et sive in causis civilibus appetantur sive in criminalibus incusentur. <a 474 >
But lest in this very judgment they be vexed by enormous expenses, or be easily convened on the basis of bare mandates of anyone whatsoever, we have also established a limit to be observed for the sportulae and for sureties, decreeing before all that they may never be convened without a writing or a filed interpellation, and when the sentence of Your Magnitude has been adjourned and the same has not been issued; and that the convened shall furnish no other surety, for the answer of their person and without a written bond, except the actuary or one of the chiefs of his schola among the executors, whether they are going to answer in court by themselves or with a procurator appointed, and whether they are pursued in civil causes or accused in criminal ones. <a 474 >
Nec ultra conventionis nomine sportularum quam unum aureum exsecutoribus usque ad finem litis praestent, quemcumque contigerit conveniri. inducendorum sane nomine et cognitionum exercendarum standaeque personae gratia ex simplici postulatione contra eos habita, sive ex appellatione subsecuta vel quolibet alio modo in iudicio deponatur, tribus tantummodo solidis usque ad terminum negotii eos qui accepturi sunt praecipimus semper esse contentos. in cognitionalibus vero gestis edendis duos tantummodo praestari solidos. <a 474 >
Nor, under the name of “convention,” shall they pay in sportulae more than one aureus to the exsecutores up to the end of the suit, whoever it may be that happens to be convened. Indeed, under the name of “inductions” and of conducting cognitiones and for the sake of the person’s standing (appearance), when on the basis of a simple petition lodged against them—whether it be entered by a subsequent appellatio or by any other mode in court—we order that those who are to receive be always content with only three solidi up to the terminus of the business. But for issuing the cognitional gesta, let only two solidi be paid. <a 474 >
Haec autem privilegia non in eorum tantummodo, sed in matrum quoque et uxorum personis valere et ad integrum permanere: filiis quoque et maritis easdem fideiussionis nomine, si necessitas interpellationis exegerit, tradi nec alios vades exigi: ipsosque, dum militant, et post emensam militiam cum his, qui ex tempore prioris praestitae sibi pragmaticae sanctionis eiusdem militiae stipendia implesse noscuntur, omnibus privilegiis perfrui ( cunctis nihilo minus capitulis sacris adfatibus divae recordationis marciani, quos se meruisse adserunt, valituris , excepto hoc, quod in diversis iudiciis tunc respondere praedepti sunt) hac sa nctione decernimus. <a 474 >
Moreover, these privileges are to be valid not only in their own persons, but also in the persons of mothers and wives, and to remain in full; and that to sons also and to husbands, under the name of fidejussion (suretyship), if the necessity of interpellation shall require it, the same be delivered, and no other sureties be demanded; and that they themselves, while they are in service, and after the service has been completed, together with those who, from the time of the earlier pragmatic sanction granted to them, are known to have completed the stipends of the same soldiery, enjoy all privileges ( all the sacred chapters in the addresses of Marcian of divine memory, which they assert that they have merited, being valid nonetheless, except this, that in different courts they were then ordered to answer ) by this sanction we decree. <a 474 >
Advocato quoque fisci, exceptoribus etiam, qui apud arbitros hoc utuntur officio , ab exordio incipiendo usque ad terminum finemque negotii tertiam dumtaxat partem solidi praebituros: in huiusmodi autem arbitrorum gestis edendis non ultra praestare quam dimidiam solidi partem: et cum per provincias constitutus fideiussore conventus caruerit, adiuratoriae tantummodo cautioni committi nec ullo tempore nisi ex tuae dumtaxat magnitudinis sententia conveniri ( exceptis tributariis et munerum functionibus et criminibus, quae in locis inquiri flagitari et vindicari generalia legum praecepta constituunt), praesenti sanctione decernimus : viro clarissimo adiutore sublimitatis tuae in speculis constituto, ne quid ex his quae statuimus aliqua subreptione violetur. <a 474 >
To the advocate of the fisc as well, and to the exceptors also, who use this office before arbiters , from commencing the exordium up to the terminus and end of the business they shall provide only a third part of a solidus: but in issuing records of arbitral proceedings of this kind, they are not to furnish more than a half part of a solidus: and when one appointed through the provinces has lacked a convened surety, let him be committed only to adjuratory caution, and at no time be convened except by the sentence of your Greatness only ( excepting taxes and the functions of munera and crimes, which the general precepts of the laws establish to be inquired into, demanded, and vindicated in the localities), we decree by the present sanction : with a most illustrious man, the adjutor of your Sublimity, stationed as a watchman, lest anything of these things which we have established be violated by any subreption. <a 474 >
Quattuor, qui ex corpore decanorum ad primum militiae gradum pervenerint, biennii spatio primiceratus gerant officium, neque ulterius cuiquam hoc loco liceat immorari, ut omni gratia et ambitione cessante post duorum annorum curricula succedant prioribus subsequentes. * honor. et theodos.
Four, who from the body of the decani shall have attained to the first grade of service, shall bear the office of the primicerate for the space of a biennium, and let it be permitted to no one to linger any further in this place, so that, with all favor and ambition ceasing, after the courses of two years the followers may succeed to the former. * Honorius and Theodosius.
A palatinis tam his, qui obsequiis nostris inculpata officia praebuerunt, quam illis, qui in scriniis nostris, id est memoriae epistularum libellorumque, versati sunt, procul universas calumnias sive nominationes iubemus esse submotas, idque beneficium ad filios eorum atque nepotes ipso ordine sanguinis pervenire, atque immunes eos a cunctis muneribus sordidis et personalibus permanere cum universis mobilibus et mancipiis urbanis, neque iniurias eis ab aliquibus inferri: ita ut, qui haec contempserit, indiscreta dignitate poenas debitas exigatur. * const. a. palatinis bene meritis salutem.
To the palatines—both those who in our retinue have rendered blameless services, and those who have been engaged in our scrinia, that is, the memoria, of letters, and of libelli—we order that all calumnies or nominations be utterly removed; and that this beneficium pass to their sons and grandsons in the very order of blood; and that they remain immune from all sordid and personal munera, together with all their movables and urban slaves; nor are injuries to be inflicted on them by anyone: so that whoever shall have contemned these things, without distinction of rank, shall have the due penalties exacted. * constantine augustus to the well-deserving palatines, greeting.
De cubiculis nostris vacatione donatos vel diversis obsequiis palatinis, memoriales etiam, qui in scriniis memoriae epistularum libellorum sacrarumque dispositionum referuntur, nec non et si qui in utroque officio palatinorum comitatensium singularumve urbium et officio admissionum et castrensis sacri palatii militant, privilegia volumus habere, ut nec ipsi nec filii nec nepotes eorum ad honores vel munera municipalia devocentur. * const. a. rufino pp. * <a 319 d. v k. mai.
We will that those of our bedchambers who have been granted exemption, or engaged in various Palatine services, the Memoriales also, who are recorded in the scrinia of the memoria for letters, libelli, and sacred dispositions, and likewise any who serve in either the office of the Palatini of the comitatenses or of the individual cities, and in the office of admissions and of the castrensis of the sacred palace, shall have privileges, such that neither they nor their sons nor their grandsons be called to municipal honors or burdens. * const. a. rufino pp. * <a 319 d. 5 k. mai.
Quibus omnibus condonamus, ne exactorum vel turmariorum, quos capitularios vocant, curam subeant vel obsequium temonariorum vel pentaprotiae aut etiam tironis praestationem agnoscant. <a 319 d. v k. mai. sirmio constantino a. v et licinio c. conss.>
To all of whom we grant remission, so that they do not undergo the charge of the exactors or of the turmarians (whom they call capitularies), nor the service of the temonaries, nor the pentaprotia, nor even acknowledge the prestation for a recruit. <in the year 319, on the 5th day before the Kalends of May, at Sirmium, when Constantine Augustus for the 5th time and Licinius Caesar were consuls.>
Nam beneficiis nostris ita digni sunt, ut etiam censualibus vel personalibus vel corporalibus muneribus liberentur et habeant castrense peculium, sive adhuc palatium observant sive optata quiete donati sunt. <a 319 d. v k. mai. sirmio constantino a. v et licinio c. conss.>
For they are so worthy of our benefactions that they are even released from censual, personal, or corporal munera and have a castrense peculium, whether they still keep palace attendance or have been granted the longed-for repose. <a 319 on the 5th day before the Kalends of May, at Sirmium, Constantine as Augustus in his 5th consulship and Licinius as Caesar, consuls.>
Omnes, qui in palatio militando diversis actibus paruerunt, in tantum eius dignitatis, cuius meruerint missionem, obtinere noverint insignia, ut his omnibus praeferantur in ordine atque concessu, qui posteriore tempore regendas provincias dignitatesque susceperint palatinas. * grat. valentin.
Let all who, by soldiering, have served in the palace in diverse functions know that they obtain the insignia of that dignity from which they have deserved discharge, to such an extent that they are preferred in order and in admission over all those who at a later time have undertaken provinces to be governed and palatine dignities. * grat. valentin.
Insuper etiam domesticos eorum non senatores vel ducenarios centenariosve fieri decernimus: poena quinque librarum auri plectendo, quisquis hanc divinam iussionem excesserit, scrinio vero barbarorum, si tale quid vel attemptari passum fuerit vel attemptatum contra leges non suggesserit, decem librarum auri condemnatione percellendo. <a 441 d. xv k. mai. constantinopoli cyro vc. cons.>
Moreover, we also decree that their domestici are not to be made senators nor ducenarii or centenarii: punishing with a penalty of five pounds of gold whoever shall have transgressed this divine command, and the bureau of the Barbarians, if it shall have allowed such a thing even to be attempted or shall not have reported an attempt made contrary to the laws, to be struck with a condemnation of ten pounds of gold. <in 441, on the 15th day before the Kalends of May, at Constantinople, Cyrus, V.C., consul.>
Illud etiam observari non sine ratione conveniet, ne is, cui domestici officium per militiae gradum vel quinquennii tempus interdici censuimus, familiaritate comitis simulata rem prohibitam alio nomine valeat usurpare. <a 441 d. xv k. mai. constantinopoli cyro vc. cons.>
It will also be fitting to be observed, not without reason, lest the person to whom we have decreed that the office of Domesticus be interdicted—whether by a military grade or for a five-year term—be able, by a feigned familiarity with a Count, to usurp under another name the thing prohibited. <a 441 d. xv k. mai. constantinopoli cyro vc. cons.>
Hac lege decernimus, ut, qui in singulis scholis militant quique post emensa stipendiorum curricula ad primiceriorum gradum pervenerint et adorata nostrae divinitatis purpura virorum clarissimorum comitum meruerint dignitatem, tam cingulo quam privilegiis omnibus sibimet competentibus perfruantur ac deinceps usque ad finem vitae foro tuae celsitudinis tantummodo subiaceant nec ex alterius cuiuslibet sententia civile subire litigium compellantur. * leo et zeno aa. eusebio mag. off.
By this law we decree that those who serve in the individual scholae and who, after the courses of their stipends have been completed, have reached the rank of primicerii and, having adored the purple of our divinity, have deserved the dignity of counts, men of most illustrious rank, shall enjoy both the belt and all the privileges competent to themselves, and thereafter, until the end of life, shall be subject only to the forum of your highness, nor be compelled to undergo civil litigation by the judgment of any other person whatsoever. * leo and zeno, augusti, to eusebius, master of the offices.
Quotiens super causa civili vel etiam criminali, ex sententia videlicet iudicii tui culminis, scholares vel eorum coniuges, sive adhuc vivent mariti sive post mortem eorum in viduitate constitutae sunt, matresve eorum in viduitate permanentes aut liberi, qui non specialiter alterius iudicis iurisdictioni subiectam condicionem sortiti sunt, et servi ad eos pertinentes conveniuntur, minime eos easve extranei fideiussoris exactione vexari, sed pro consuetudine vetustissima et iugiter observata numerarium suae scholae fideiussorem praebere iubemus. * zeno a. longino mag. off.
Whenever, in regard to a civil cause or even a criminal one—namely, pursuant to the sentence of the judgment of your eminence—scholars or their spouses (whether their husbands are still living or, after their death, they have been established in widowhood), or their mothers remaining in widowhood, or their children, who have not specifically obtained a status subject to another judge’s jurisdiction, and the slaves belonging to them, are convened, they are by no means to be harassed by the exaction of an outsider as surety, but, according to the most ancient and continually observed custom, we order them to furnish a monetary surety of their own schola. * Zeno Augustus to Longinus, Master of the Offices.
Hoc videlicet observando, ut in criminalibus causis quinque alios primates ex triginta viris, a primicerio usque ad tricesimum retro numerandis una cum numerario, volentes scilicet et non recusantes, praebeant fideiussores, aut recusantibus quinque sicut dictum est viris extraneus in criminibus tantummodo publicis fideiussor una cum numerario praebeatur: ita ut exsecutoribus non amplius ab his quam unus solidus, sive per se sive per procuratorem respondere maluerint, praebeatur. <a x >
Namely by observing this: that in criminal causes they shall provide as sureties five other primates (leading men) from the thirty men, to be counted back from the primicerius to the thirtieth, together with the numerarius—men, that is, willing and not refusing; or, if the five men as stated refuse, in public crimes only let an outsider be provided as surety together with the numerarius: such that to the executors no more than one solidus shall be furnished by them, whether they prefer to answer in person or through a procurator. <a x >
Quod si causa in iudicio tui culminis ab ipsa contestatione litis vel relatione iudicis aut appellatione interposita ventilatur, pro inducenda cognitione non amplius quam tres solidos, et chartarum vel recitandorum in cognitionibus instrumentorum nomine, editionis quin etiam gestorum duos tantummodo solidos dabunt. <a x >
But if a case is ventilated in the tribunal of your Highness from the very contestation of the suit, or upon the report of a judge, or an appeal having been interposed, for initiating the hearing they shall give not more than three solidi, and under the name of papers or of instruments to be recited in the hearings, and even for the production of the acts, they shall give only two solidi. <a x >
Quotiens sane apud viros clarissimos provinciarum moderatores, ex delegatione scilicet sententiae tuae magnitudinis, contra viros fortissimos scholares vel eorum coniuges vel liberos vel servos cognitio celebretur, non amplius quam dimidiam partem consuetorum sumptuum praeberi decernimus. <a x >
As often, indeed, before the most distinguished men, the governors of the provinces, specifically by delegation of the judgment of your Magnitude, a hearing is held against the most valiant men, the scholares, or their spouses or children or slaves, we decree that not more than one half of the customary expenses be provided. <a x >
Quotiens autem ex verbis et sine ulla scriptis prolata sententia idem fortissimi scholares vel eorum matres seu coniuges, ut dictum est, aut liberi vel servi moneantur, nihil ipsa exsecutione sportularum nomine penitus eos vel eorum matres seu coniuges aut liberos secundum superius datam distinctionem vel servos praebere decernimus. <a x >
However often a judgment is delivered from words and without any writings, and the same most valiant Scholares or their mothers or spouses, as has been said, or their children or slaves are admonished, we decree that in the very execution they shall furnish absolutely nothing under the name of “sportulae,” neither they themselves nor their mothers or spouses or children, according to the distinction given above, nor their slaves. <a x >
Sed si talis sit negotii vilitas, ut etiam sine scriptis, consentientibus videlicet partibus, super ea possit cognosci, expectato sine scriptis, sicut dictum est, habendae cognitionis eventu, si deteriorem calculum reportaverint, sportularum nomine unum tantummodo solidum exsecutori praestabunt. <a x >
But if the cheapness of the affair is such that even without writings, the parties, namely, consenting, a cognition can be had concerning it, then, with the outcome of the cognition to be held without writings awaited, as said, if they should receive the worse verdict, they shall pay to the executor only one solidus under the name of sportulae. <a x > ;
Sin vero causae qualitas in scriptis habendam cognitionem flagitaverit, in hoc necesse est casu interlocutione in scriptis proferenda ea, quae superius de quantitate sportularum decidendarumque cognitionum disposita sunt, observari. <a x >
But if indeed the quality of the cause shall have demanded that the hearing (cognitio) be had in writings, in this case it is necessary that, by an interlocution (interlocutio) to be issued in writings, those things which above have been arranged concerning the quantity of the sportulae and the cognitions (cognitiones) to be decided be observed. <a x >
Omnes palatinos, quos edicti nostri iam dudum certa privilegia superfundunt, rem , si quam, dum in palatio nostro morantur, vel si parsimonia propria quaesierint vel donis nostris fuerint consecuti, ut castrense peculium habere praecipimus. quid enim tam ex castris est, quam quod nobis consciis ac prope sub conspectibus nostris adquiritur? * const.
We prescribe that all palatines—upon whom certain privileges of our edict have long since been lavished—are to have as castrense peculium any property, if any, which, while they are staying in our palace, they have acquired by their own parsimony or have obtained by our gifts. For what is so “from the camp” as that which is acquired with our cognizance and almost under our very eyes? * const.
Sed nec alieni sunt a pulvere et labore castrorum, qui signa nostra comitantur, qui praesto sunt semper actibus, quos intentos eruditis studiis itinerum prolixitas et expeditionum difficultas exercet. <a 326 pp. x k. iun. constantino a. vii et constantio c. conss.>
But neither are they strangers to the dust and toil of the camps, those who accompany our standards, who are always at hand for operations, whom, intent on learned studies, the length of journeys and the difficulty of expeditions train. <in the year 326, on the 10th day before the Kalends of June, when Constantine Augustus for the 7th time and Constantius Caesar were consuls.>
Ideoque palatini nostri, qui privilegiis edicti uti potuerunt, peculia sua praecipua retineant, quae, dum in palatio constituti sunt, aut labore, ut dictum est , proprio aut dignatione nostra quaesierint. <a 326 pp. x k. iun. constantino a. vii et constantio c. conss.>
And therefore let our Palatines, who have been able to make use of the privileges of the edict, retain their special peculia, which, while they have been positioned in the palace, they have acquired either by their own labor, as has been said , or by our preferment. <a 326 pp. x k. iun. constantino a. vii et constantio c. conss.>
Codicillis perfectissimatus fruantur, qui impetraverint, si abhorreant a condicione servili vel fisco aut curiae obnoxii non sint vel si pistores non fuerint vel non in aliquo negotio constiterint nec sibi honorem venali suffragio emerint nec rem alicuius administraverint. * const. a. ad paternum valerianum.
Let those who have obtained it enjoy the codicils of the perfectissimatus, if they are removed from a servile condition or are not subject to the fisc or to a curia, or if they have not been bakers or have not engaged in any business, and have neither bought the honor for themselves by venal suffrage nor administered another’s property. * const. a. to paternus valerianus.
Eis quidem, quibus indultum hactenus demonstratur, quo binis aut ternis pluribusve mereantur cingulis non coniunctis e prisca consuetudine, sed absectis atque discrepantibus, detur electio, quem retinendum sibi potius censeant, quem deserendum cognoscant, ut in eo quod optaverint firmiter maneant, eo quod despexerint sine dubitatione reppellantur. * iustinus a. licinio mag. off.
To those indeed for whom it is shown that up to now an indulgence has been granted, whereby they may merit two or three or more belts, not conjoined from pristine custom, but cut off and discrepant, let a choice be given: which they judge ought rather to be retained for themselves, which they understand is to be deserted; so that in that which they have opted for they may remain firmly, and from that which they have looked down upon they may without doubt be repelled. * justin the augustus to licinius, master of the offices.
In posterum vero nemini prorsus facultas pateat eodem tempore plus quam unius ordinis nomen adfectare, interdicendis in commune cunctis ut dictum est binis pluribusve militiis, nec dignitatem coniungere cuilibet alii cingulo concedendis, ut et qui supplicandum de re vetita nobis existimaverint, poena decem librarum auri pro temeritate quamvis infructuosa plectantur, et qui susceperint iussionem augustam per subreptionem elicitam, quod nonnumquam contingit, decem librarum auri multa feriantur: scriniis etiam nec non officiis, quorum haec intersit, si non restiterint et hanc pragmaticam legem obiecerint, decem librarum auri dispe ndio puniendis. <a 524 d. viii k. ian. constantinopoli iustino a. iterum et opilione conss.>
For the future, indeed, let absolutely no one have the faculty to aspire, at the same time, to the name of more than one order, all being in common interdicted, as said, from two or more military services, nor let it be permitted to join a dignity to any other belt (commission); so that both those who shall have thought to petition us concerning a forbidden matter shall be punished with a penalty of 10 pounds of gold for their rashness, although fruitless, and those who shall have received an august command elicited by subreption, which sometimes happens, shall be struck with a fine of 10 pounds of gold: the bureaus (scrinia) also, and likewise the offices to which this pertains, if they have not resisted and opposed this pragmatic law, are to be punished by an outlay of 10 pounds of gold. <a 524, on the 8th day before the Kalends of January, at Constantinople, Justinus Augustus for the second time and Opilio, consuls.>
Si quid autem contra haec perpetretur, sciant omnes, quod extra concessum admissum est aut actum fuerit vel notis conscriptum publicis, simile habeatur, ac si nec impetratum nec pronuntiatum omnino nec insertum esset ullis matriculis. <a 524 d. viii k. ian. constantinopoli iustino a. iterum et opilione conss.>
If anything, however, is perpetrated contrary to these things, let all know that whatever has been admitted beyond the grant, or has been done, or has been written in the public records, shall be held the same as if it had neither been obtained nor pronounced at all nor inserted in any registers. <a in the year 524, on the 8th day before the kalends of january (december 25), at constantinople, justinus augustus for the second time and opilio, consuls.>
Scituris etiam omnibus, qui merentes in ordinibus armatis sive civilibus administrandas provincias seu regendos quoslibet numeros vel iam sunt seu de cetero fuerint iussione nostra sortiti et, ut servetur eis gradus, augusta promeriti sanctione, parem indulgendam sibi licentiam, postquam deposuerint sollicitudinem, aut in priore cingulo protinus persistendi, nullo vindicando titulo dignitatis, quem sollicitudo media praestiterint, aut retinendi splendorem, quem adquisierint administrationis obtentu, verum priore cingulo desistendi. <a 524 d. viii k. ian. constantinopoli iustino a. iterum et opilione conss.>
Let it also be known to all who, being deserving, in the armed or the civil orders either already are, or hereafter shall be, by our command allotted provinces to be administered or any numeri (units) to be governed, and who, in order that their grade be preserved to them, have earned an august sanction, that an equal liberty is to be granted to them, after they have laid down their charge: either to remain forthwith in their former belt, asserting no title of dignity which their intermediate charge may have afforded; or to retain the splendor which they have acquired by the obtaining of the administration, but to desist from the former belt. <a 524 d. viii k. ian. constantinopoli iustino a. iterum et opilione conss.>
Monente tamen innata nobis clementia liberum esse cunctis prospeximus, si militia, qua decedendum est, inter eas habetur, quas volentibus licet distrahere, et in alios eam conferendi et pretia consequendi, prout in isdem agminibus consuevit hactenus. <a 524 d. viii k. ian. constantinopoli iustino a. iterum et opilione conss.>
Yet, with our innate clemency advising, we have provided that it be free to all, if the military post from which one must retire is counted among those which it is permitted for those who wish to alienate, both to confer it upon others and to obtain the prices, just as has hitherto been customary in the same corps. <a 524 d. viii k. ian. constantinopoli iustino a. iterum et opilione conss.>
Excipiendis videlicet nec deducendis in hanc perpetuo conservandam legem pragmaticam eis, qui binas militias simul compositas et sociali nexas consortio fuerint adsecuti, ut in viris dicatissimis scholaribus atque candidatis fieri moris est nec non in viris devotis laterculensibus et pragmaticariis vel a secretis contigit, quos memorialium etiam aut agentum in rebus adornat cingulus, et si qui simili stipendiorum iunguntur copula. <a 524 d. viii k. ian. constantinopoli iustino a. iterum et opilione conss.>
To be excepted, namely, and not brought under this pragmatic law to be preserved in perpetuity, are those who have attained two services (militiae) composed at the same time and bound by a social consortium, as it is the custom to happen among the most dedicated men, the scholares and the candidati, and likewise it has occurred among the devout men the laterculenses and the pragmaticarii or the a secretis, whom the belt (cingulum) of the memorials (memorialia) or of the agentes in rebus also adorns, and any who are joined by a similar bond of stipends. <a 524 d. 8 k. jan. constantinople justin the augustus a second time and opilio, consuls.>
Super servis, qui postea ad quandam militiam adspirare temptaverint vel scientibus vel ignorantibus dominis, praecipimus, si quidem ignorantibus his eam meruerint, licere dominis adire competentem iudicem et suam ignorantiam eo, quod contrarium minime probatur, ostendere eoque modo spoliatos eos militia in suum dominium trahere: sin vero scientibus his servi militaverint, cadere quidem eos non tantum dominio eorum, sed etiam omni patronatus iure, illos vero ingenuos effectos, si quidem utiles ad militiam eis datam visi fuerint, in ea durare, sin vero minime idonei sint, ea privari. * iust. a. menae pp. * <a 529 d. viii id. april.
Concerning slaves, who thereafter shall have attempted to aspire to a certain military service, whether with their masters knowing or not knowing, we command: if indeed they shall have earned it with the latter not knowing, it is permitted to the masters to approach the competent judge and to show their ignorance, since the contrary is in no way proved, and in that way to draw them, stripped of the military service, back into their own ownership: but if indeed with them knowing the slaves shall have served, they shall forfeit not only their ownership of them, but also every right of patronage; but those, made freeborn, if indeed they shall have seemed useful for the military service granted to them, are to remain in it, but if in no way suitable, to be deprived of it. * iust. a. menae pp. * <a 529 d. 8 id. april.
Super illis autem servis, qui iam militarunt et adhuc in eadem militia perseverant, licentiam dominis damus intra triginta dierum spatium ab eo tempore connumerandorum, quo praesens sanctio divulgata fuerit, vel nostram adire clementiam vel competentes iudices et suam innocentiam commendare eosque in suum recipere dominium. <a 529 d. viii id. april. constantinopoli decio cons.>
But concerning those slaves who have already served as soldiers and still persist in the same military service, we grant permission to the masters, within a span of thirty days to be counted from the time when the present sanction shall have been published, either to approach our clemency or the competent judges and to commend their own innocence, and to receive them back into their own ownership. <a 529 d. 8th day before the Ides of April at Constantinople Decius consul.>
In his itaque casibus, in quibus non militia, sed dignitas volentibus dominis servis adquiritur, eadem iura reserventur, quae antea posita sunt, ne videatur nostra sanctio aliquid habere imperfectum. <a 531 d. k. sept. post consulatum lampadii et orestis vv. cc.>
In these cases, therefore, in which, not by military service, but by dignity, with the masters consenting, something is acquired for slaves, let the same laws be preserved which were previously set down, lest our sanction seem to have anything imperfect. <a 531 d. k. sept. post consulatum lampadii et orestis vv. cc.>
Sciant autem domini ad exemplum praeteritae nostrae constitutionis, quae de huiusmodi servis loquitur, quod, nisi hoc intra triginta dies, ex quo hoc eis fuerit notum, manifestaverint et competentem iudicem adierint et spoliare eos dignitatibus curaverint, dominium eorum et ius patronatus amittant, nobis deliberantibus, postquam dominio fuerint servi liberati et inter ingenuos connumerati, si oportet eos habere dignitatem vel ea quasi indignos spoliari. <a 531 d. k. sept. post consulatum lampadii et orestis vv. cc.>
Let masters, moreover, know, following the example of our prior constitution, which speaks about slaves of this kind, that, unless within thirty days from the time this has been made known to them they make it manifest, and approach the competent judge, and take care to despoil them of dignities, they shall lose their ownership and right of patronage; we deliberating, after the slaves have been freed from dominion and counted among the freeborn, whether it is proper for them to have dignity or to be stripped of it as unworthy. <a 531 d. k. sept. post consulatum lampadii et orestis vv. cc.>
Si qui vero negotiatores, quos omni militia prohibuimus, iam militarunt, licentiam eis damus negotiationem quidem relinquere, militiam vero retinere, scientibus quod, si postea negotiantes appareant, militia privabuntur. <a 528-529>
If, however, any negotiators, whom we have prohibited from all military service, have already served, we grant them leave to relinquish their commerce, but to retain the military service, with the understanding that, if thereafter they appear to be negotiating, they will be deprived of the military service. <a 528-529>
Negotiantes etenim post hanc sanctionem huiusmodi militia privabuntur: illis, qui ad armorum structionem suam professionem contulerint, minime prohibendis ad competentem suae professionis venire militiam et huiusmodi negotiationem nihilo minus retinere. <a 528-529>
For merchants, indeed, after this sanction will be deprived of militia of this kind: those, however, who shall have applied their profession to the assembling of arms are by no means to be prohibited from coming to the militia competent to their profession and from retaining such trade nonetheless. <a 528-529>
Semel causaria missis militibus instauratio non solet concedi obtentu recuperatae valitudinis melioris, quando non temere dimittantur, nisi quos constet medicis denuntiantibus et iudice competente diligenter etiam investigante vitium contraxisse. * gord. a. bruto mil.
Once soldiers discharged for cause are not usually granted reinstatement on the plea of having recovered a better state of health, since they are not dismissed rashly, except those whom it is established—upon physicians giving notice and with a competent judge also diligently investigating—to have contracted a disability. * Gordian Augustus to Brutus, soldier.
Frustra vereris, ne nota, quae propter delictum militare intercessit, existimationem tuam iam veterani laesisse videatur, maxime cum nec ex eo delicto, quod et in paganorum potest cadere personam, notatos milites post missionem placuerit esse famosos. * gord. a. domno veterano.
You fear in vain, lest the mark which was entered on account of a military delict may seem to have injured your reputation now as a veteran, especially since it has not been approved, even from that delict—which can also befall the person of civilians—that marked soldiers are to be infamous after discharge. * gordian, aug., to domnus, a veteran.
Quicumque militum ex nostra auctoritate familias suas ad se venire meruerint, non amplius quam coniugia liberos, servos etiam de peculio castrensi emptos neque adscriptos censibus ad eosdem excellentia tua dirigi faciat. * constans a. titiano pp. * <a 349 d. iii k. iun. limenio et catullino conss.>
Whoever among the soldiers, by our authority, have deserved that their families come to them, let your Excellency have directed to them no more than spouses (conjugal partners) and children, and also slaves bought with the camp peculium and not inscribed in the census registers. * Constans Augustus to Titianus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 349, day 3 before the Kalends of June, under the consulship of Limenius and Catullinus.>
Tribuni vel milites nullam evagandi per possessiones habeant facultatem: cum signis propriis in mansionibus solitis ac publicis maneant: aut si quis tam necessaria scita contempserit, de eo ac tribuno eius ad nostram scientiam rectorum ac defensorum relationibus protinus referatur, quatenus severissime in eos animadvertatur. * grat. valentin.
Tribunes or soldiers shall have no faculty of wandering about through estates: let them remain with their own standards in the usual and public mansions: or if anyone shall have contemned such necessary decrees, let it at once be reported to our knowledge concerning him and his tribune by the reports of the governors and defensores, to the end that very severe action be taken against them. * grat. valentin.
Cum supra virentes fluminum ripas omnis legionum multitudo consistit, id provida auctoritate decernimus, ut nullus omnino immundo fimo sorditatis fluentis commune poculum polluat, neve abluendo equorum sudore deproperus publicos oculos nudatus incestet, sed procul a cunctorum obtutibus in inferioribus partibus fluviorum hoc ipsum faciat. * theodos. arcad.
Since the whole multitude of the legions takes position upon the verdant riverbanks, we decree by provident authority that no one at all pollute the common cup with the unclean dung of flowing filth, nor, in hurrying to wash off the sweat of the horses, being stripped naked, defile the public eyes, but let him do this very thing far from everyone’s gaze, in the lower parts of the rivers. * theodos. arcad.
Nemo miles ex his, qui praesentes divino obsequio nostrae clementiae deputati sunt et qui in hac esse urbe praesente comitatu concessi sunt quive de aliis numeris vel legionibus sunt, vel sibi vacet vel aliena obsequia sine nutu principali peragere audeat. qui autem in huiusmodi facinore fuerint convicti, militia exuti poenas consentaneas luere compellantur: ii autem, qui in privato obsequio militem retinere fuerint reperti, quinque libris auri multae nomine feriantur. * arcad.
Let no soldier from among those who are assigned, as present, to the divine service of Our Clemency, and those who have been permitted to be in this city with the present retinue, or who are from other units or legions, either be at leisure for himself or dare to perform another’s services without the imperial nod. But those who shall have been convicted in a crime of this sort, stripped of military service, shall be compelled to pay penalties that are consonant; and those who shall be found to have retained a soldier in private service shall be struck with a fine in the sum of five pounds of gold. * arcad.
Sin vero quisquam missus a numero vel a tribuno ad comitatum serenitatis nostrae pervenerit ( aliter enim eos hoc facere vetamus), ilico se viris illustribus comitibus, sub quorum regimine constituti sunt, offerre festinet et causas profectionis exponat, ut et responsum caeleste mereatur et citam remeandi accipiat facultatem. <a 398 d. k. febr. constantinopoli honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss.>
But if indeed anyone, sent from his unit or by a tribune, should arrive at the court of Our Serenity ( for otherwise we forbid them to do this), let him immediately hasten to present himself to the illustrious men, the counts, under whose governance they are set, and set forth the causes of his departure, so that he may both merit an imperial response and receive the faculty of returning promptly. <a on the Kalends of February 398, at Constantinople, when Honorius, Augustus, for the 4th time, and Eutychianus were consuls.>
Si quos autem milites per provincias relictis propriis numeris passim vagari praesides earum cognoverint, correptos faciant custodiri, donec de his clementiae nostrae auribus intimetur et, quid fieri oporteat, decernamus. <a 398 d. k. febr. constantinopoli honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss.>
If, moreover, the governors of those provinces shall have learned that any soldiers, their own units left behind, are wandering everywhere through the provinces, let them have them, once apprehended, kept in custody, until it be intimated to the ears of our clemency concerning them and we decree what ought to be done. <a 398 d. k. febr. constantinopoli honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss.>
Contra publicam utilitatem nolumus a numeris ad alios numeros milites nostros transferri. sciant igitur comites vel duces, quibus regendae militiae cura commissa est, non solum de comitatensibus ac palatinis numeris ad alios numeros milites transferri non licere, sed ne ipsis quidem seu de comitatensibus legionibus seu de riparensibus castricianis ceterisque cuiquam eorum transferendi militem copiam attributam, nisi hoc augusta maiestas publicae utilitatis gratia fieri iusserit: quia honoris augmentum non ambitione, sed labore ad unumquemque convenit devenire. * arcad.
Against the public utility we do not wish our soldiers to be transferred from numbers to other numbers. Let the counts or dukes, to whom the care of governing the soldiery has been entrusted, therefore know that it is not permitted to transfer soldiers from the comitatensian and palatine numbers to other numbers, and that not even to themselves—whether from the comitatensian legions or from the riparenses, the castriciani, and the rest—has any leave of transferring a soldier been attributed, unless the August Majesty has ordered this to be done for the sake of the public utility: because an increase of honor ought to come to each person not by ambition, but by labor. * Arcadius.
Milites, qui a re publica armantur et aluntur, solis debent publicis utilitatibus occupari nec agrorum cultui et custodiae animalium vel mercimoniorum quaestui , sed propriae muniis insudare militiae. * leo a. aspari mag. mil.
Soldiers, who are armed and sustained by the state, ought to be occupied only with public interests and not with the cultivation of fields and the guarding of livestock or the profit of merchandise , but to sweat at the duties of their own military service. * leo a. to aspar, master of the soldiers.
Nullam praeterea ex militibus posthac praedictis obsequiis vacare magnitudo tua patiatur, sed frequentes esse in numero suo iubeat, ut armorum quotidiano exercitio ad bella se praeparent. <a 458 d.Prid.Non.Iul.Constantinopoli leone a.Cons.>
Let Your Greatness not allow any of the soldiers hereafter to be exempt from the aforesaid duties, but let it command that they be frequently present in their ranks, so that by the daily exercise of arms they may prepare themselves for wars. <a 458, on the day before the Nones of July, at Constantinople, with Leo as consul.>
Quod si quis ex militaribus iudicibus ullos militum tam divinis quam regiis vel privatis domibus ac possessionibus diversisque aliis obsequiis contra interdictum serenitatis nostrae crediderit deputandos, sciat ab eo, qui contra vetitum fecerit, et ab eo, qui ausus accipere militem fuerit, per singulos milites singulas libras auri protinus exigendas. <a 458 d.Prid.Non.Iul.Constantinopoli leone a.Cons.>
But if any of the military judges shall have believed that any soldiers are to be assigned, whether to divine or royal or private houses and estates and to various other services, against the interdict of Our Serenity, let him know that from both the one who has acted against the prohibition and the one who has dared to receive a soldier, there are to be exacted immediately, for each soldier, one pound of gold. <a 458 d.Prid.Non.Iul.Constantinopoli leone a.Cons.>
Militares viros civiles curas adripere prohibemus, aut si aliquam huiusmodi sollicitudinem forte susceperint, et militia statim et privilegiis omnibus denudari decernimus: formidantibus his motum nostrae serenitatis, qui temeritate saluberrimis statutis obviam ire temptaverint. * leo a. dioscoro pp. * <a xxx >
We forbid military men to take up civil cares; or if by chance they have undertaken any solicitude of this kind, we decree that they be immediately stripped both of military service and of all privileges: so that those who by temerity have attempted to oppose the most salubrious statutes may dread the movement of our Serenity. * leo aug. to dioscorus, praetorian prefect. * <a xxx >
Neminem in ullo numero equitum vel peditum vel in quolibet limite sine nostri numinis sacra probatoria in posterum sociari concedimus, consuetudine quae hactenus tenuit antiquata, quae magisteriae potestati vel ducibus probatorias militum facere vel militibus adiungere licentiam tribuebat, ut ii tantum in numeris vel in limitibus militent, qui a nostra divinitate probatorias consequuntur. * zeno a. marciano mag. mil.
We do not concede that anyone be associated henceforth in any regiment of cavalry or of infantry, or on any frontier, without the sacred probatories of our divine majesty, the custom which has held until now being antiquated, which used to grant to the magisterial authority or to the dukes the license to issue probatories for soldiers or to add soldiers, so that only those serve in the regiments or on the frontiers who obtain probatories from our divinity. * Zeno, Augustus, to Marcianus, Master of Soldiers.
Viros autem eminentissimos pro tempore magistros militum nec non etiam viros spectabiles duces, si supplere numeros pro his qui fatalibus sortibus decrescent necessarium esse putaverint, veritate discussa per suggestionem suam nostrae mansuetudini declarare, qui et quanti et in quo numero vel limite debeant subrogari, ut ita demum, prout nostrae sederit maiestati, divina subnotatione subnixi militiam sortiantur; officio, quod tuae sublimitatis actibus obsecundat, centum librarum auri dispendio feriendo, si ex aliqua parte, quae statuit nostra serenitas, fuerint violata. <a 472? >
Moreover, the most eminent men for the time, the Masters of the Soldiers, and likewise also the men of spectabilis rank, the Dukes, if they shall have thought it necessary to fill up the numbers for those who will diminish by fatal lots, after the truth has been examined are to declare to our Mildness by their own suggestion who and how many and in what number or on what frontier they ought to be substituted, so that then at last, as shall have suited our Majesty, supported by a divine subnotation, they may obtain their military posting; the office which attends upon the acts of your Sublimity being struck with a loss of one hundred pounds of gold, if in any part the things which our Serenity has established shall have been violated. <a 472? >
Tam collatores et provinciales quam fortissimos milites prout oportet gubernari minimeque laesionem aliquam seu dispendium perpeti properantes necessarium esse perspeximus dicatissimos milites, qui de diversis praesentalibus numeris per orientis partes noscuntur consistere, virorum spectabilium ducum iussionibus oboedire, ut, quidquid emerserit, quod pro communi securitate curandum est, hoc protinus utpote militari praesidio in proximis locis constituto competens possit mereri remedium: ita videlicet, ut etiam agentibus causas tam criminaliter quam civiliter praefati milites iam non apud magnificam magisteriam per orientem potestatem vel ex sententiis seu praeceptionibus eius, sed per interlocutiones seu dispositiones tam excelsae tuae sedis, sub cuius iurisdictione consistunt, quam eorundem ducum respondeant. * anastas. a. iohanni mag.
Being eager that both the contributors and provincials as well as the most stalwart soldiers be governed as is fitting and by no means suffer any injury or loss, we have perceived it necessary that the most devoted soldiers, who are known to be stationed through the parts of the East from various praesental units, obey the orders of dukes, men of Spectabilis rank, so that whatever shall emerge which must be cared for for the common security, this at once, since a military garrison is established in the nearest places, may be able to obtain an appropriate remedy: namely, in such a way that, even when causes are being pursued both criminally and civilly, the aforesaid soldiers shall now answer not before the magnificent magisterial power throughout the East, nor by its sentences or precepts, but by the interlocutions or dispositions both of your exalted seat, under whose jurisdiction they stand, and of those same dukes. * anastasius augustus to john the master.
Eo scilicet observando, ut ad responsum, qui de officio tuae sublimitatis huc usque ad praedictam magisteriam per orientem potestatem moris erat destinari, viris spectabilibus ducibus inhaesurus mittatur tam per se quam per adiutores suos eosdem iudices observare et iussiones eorum implere curaturus: licentia ei non deneganda, etiam ad responsum, qui de officio alterius viri excelsi magistri militum praesentalis pro hac nostra dispositione destinatur, in locis, in quibus apparitionis tuae sublimitatis ad responsum non contigerit reperiri, suam sollicitudinem pro emergentibus maxime causis peragere. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
This is to be observed, namely, that, for the reply, he who from the office of your Sublimity up to now by custom was destined through the eastern authority to the aforesaid mastership be sent to attach himself to the men of spectable rank, the duces, both in his own person and through his assistants, to keep those same judges under observation and to see to the fulfillment of their injunctions: permission is not to be denied him that, also for the reply, he who from the office of another exalted man, the magister militum praesentalis, is assigned for this our arrangement may, in places in which it shall not have happened that the staff of attendants of your Sublimity be found for the reply, carry out his diligence especially for emergent cases. <a 492 day of the Kalends of January, at Constantinople, Anastasius Augustus and Rufus, consuls.>
Cuius etiam illi qui de altero officio mittendus est praebemus facultatem, ut non tantum per adiutores suos, id est ad responsum, sed etiam invicem se adiuvando nec publicis nec privatis causis vel exsecutionibus abesse videantur. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
We grant this same faculty also to him who is to be sent from the other office, that not only through their assistants, that is, ad responsum, but also by helping one another in turn, they may seem to be absent neither from public nor from private causes or executions. <a 492 on the Kalends of January at Constantinople, Anastasius Augustus and Rufus, consuls.>
Ad singulos etenim duces ad responsum de apparitionibus vestris non prospeximus oportere destinari, ne per multitudinem eorum qualibet machinatione damna contra milites nostros augeri contingat. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
Indeed, we have not seen fit that, for each duke, persons be assigned for reply concerning your appearances, lest through their multitude, by any machination, losses against our soldiers should happen to be increased. <in the year 492, on the Kalends of January, at Constantinople, Anastasius Augustus and Rufus as consuls.>
Ut autem omnifariam tam publicae commoditati quam fortissimis prospiciatur militibus, sportularum nihilo minus exactionem merito censuimus moderandam. et iubemus nec ipsis ad responsum nec adiutoribus eorum pro criminalibus seu civilibus causis, etsi ex publicis causis descendere vel ad publicam causam pertinere dicantur, licere aliquid plus quam unum solidum a singulis vel nolentibus vel spontanea voluntate offerentibus suscipere militibus, ita ut, si universitas numeri seu principiorum monenda sit, duplicata quantitate tantummodo sportulas accipiant: in his etenim causis nec plures quam duos primates, quorum nomina semel ac primum gestis intervenientibus fuerint publicata, patimur conveniri, syndico videlicet, prout consuetudo deposcit legibusque cautum est, ordinando. <a 492 d. k. ian.
But in order that in every way provision be made both for the public convenience and for the bravest soldiers, we have with good reason judged that the exaction of gratuities is nonetheless to be moderated. And we order that neither those at the response nor their assistants, for criminal or civil causes, even if they are said to descend from public causes or to pertain to a public cause, be allowed to receive for the soldiers anything more than one solidus from individuals, whether unwilling or offering of their spontaneous will; with the result that, if the entirety of a unit or of the headquarters is to be admonished, they shall receive gratuities only in a doubled amount. For in these cases we allow not more than two primates to be proceeded against, whose names, once and first, with the records intervening, shall have been published, the syndic, namely, being appointed as custom demands and as is provided by the laws. <a 492 d. k. ian.
Hoc quoque adiecto, ut pro omnibus quibuslibet expensis ingressus in iudicio duciano faciendi unum tantum solidum nihilque amplius milites vel syndici litigantes dependere compellantur, ut huiusmodi solacium ad commodum ad responsum et eius adiutorum et exceptorum proficiat: nihil sibi usurpare vel suo nomine poscere vel viris devotis principibus, qui ducianum observant iudicium, vel duciana apparitione de praefatis litibus concedendis: ita videlicet, ut super litis expensis in personis etiam eorum, quicumque milites pulsare maluerint, eadem forma servetur. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
With this also added: that, for all whatsoever expenses of making entry in the ducal court, the litigating soldiers or syndics be compelled to pay only one solidus and nothing more, so that such a solace may profit to the advantage of the respondent and his helpers and exceptors; that they usurp nothing for themselves or demand in their own name, nor may the devoted men of the emperors who observe the ducal court, nor the ducal apparitors, exact anything for granting in the aforesaid suits: namely, in such a way that, concerning the costs of the suit, even in the persons of those whoever may have preferred to assail soldiers, the same form be observed. <a 492 day of the Kalends of January, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Anastasius Augustus and Rufus.>
Erit autem arbitrii atque aestimationis virorum spectabilium ducum pro qualitate negotiorum vel quantitate, quae devotissimis militibus ab adversariis eorum ingeritur, vel suam audientiam interponere litigiis vel eorum discussionem dicatissimis principiis seu arbitris in locis degentibus committere. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
Moreover, it shall be of the discretion and estimation of men of notable rank, the dukes, according to the quality of the affairs or the quantity which is imposed upon the most devoted soldiers by their adversaries, either to interpose their own hearing in the litigations or to commit their discussion to most devoted leading men or arbiters residing in the localities. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
Quibus viris spectabilibus ducibus et eos observantibus ad responsum seu adiutoribus eorum curae sit, si quando ad eosdem duces milites fuerint arcessiti vel de locis in quibus constituti sunt movere praecepti, ne quolibet modo curiales seu collatores quibusdam adficiantur dispendiis, ita scilicet, ut pro militibus inspiciendis, quandocumque voluerint viri spectabiles duces etiam praesentales devotissimos milites adhibere, non immodicam multitudinem eorum tempore pacis convocare procurent. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
Let it be the concern of those men of Spectabilis rank, the dukes, and of those attending them for replies or their assistants, that, if at any time soldiers shall have been summoned to those same dukes or ordered to move from the places in which they are stationed, the curials or the contributors be not in any way afflicted with certain losses; namely, that, for inspecting soldiers, whenever the Spectabilis men, the dukes, shall wish to employ even praesental most devoted soldiers, they take care not to convoke in time of peace an immoderate multitude of them. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
Et si tam eundo quam redeundo triginta tantum dies oportet eos proficisci, ipsi suas expensas sibi praebendas collatoribus seu curialibus minime praegravandis suscipere non cessent: sin autem ulteriore tempore in aliis locis necesse sit eos commorari, expensas eis ulterioris ut dictum est temporis, ad quae pervenerint loca, ministrari. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
And if both in going and in returning it is proper that they travel only thirty days, let them not cease to undertake to provide their own expenses for themselves, by no means burdening the collators or curials: but if it is necessary that they remain for a further time in other places, let the expenses for them of the further time, as has been said, be furnished in the places to which they have come. <a 492 the day before the Kalends of January, at Constantinople, Anastasius Augustus and Rufus, consuls.>
Quoniam vero comperimus quosdam temerario atque iniquo proposito anteriore tempore certos e memoratis militibus tam in iudicio sublimitatis tuae quam apud excelsam magisteriam per orientem potestatem in accusationem deduxisse et eos eodem tempore ad diversa quoque protraxisse iudicia diversasque super isdem personis isdemque causis et negotiis prolatas fuisse sententias, ne postea nihilo minus tantae contra milites nostros insidiae tantaque confusio querellis, quas eis ingeri contingit, generetur, nemini licere apud sedem magnitudinis tuae accusatione contra militem seu milites praesentales deposita conventioneque oblata eundem vel eosdem milites criminaliter seu civiliter per iussionem virorum spectabilium ducum inquietare, antequam negotium ex priore actione prioreque conventione finem legitimum sortiatur. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
Since indeed we have discovered that certain persons, with a rash and unjust purpose, at an earlier time brought certain of the aforesaid soldiers into accusation both in the court of your Sublimity and before the exalted magistery, the authority over the East, and at the same time dragged them also to different tribunals, and that different sentences were pronounced concerning the same persons and the same causes and matters, in order that thereafter none the less such great ambushes against our soldiers and such great confusion may not be generated by the complaints which it befalls to be thrust upon them, let it be lawful for no one, once an accusation has been lodged before the seat of your Magnitude against a presental soldier or soldiers and a convention has been offered, to trouble the same soldier or the same soldiers, criminally or civilly, by the order of men of Spectabilis rank, the duces, before the business, from the prior action and the prior convention, attains its lawful end. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
Idemque versa vice observari, ut, si quidam miles seu milites praesentales iussione viri spectabilis ducis incusati ac moniti fuerint, licentia denegetur agenti postulationem seu accusationem in iudicio tuae sublimitatis contra eundem militem vel eosdem milites deponere. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
And let the same be observed in reverse, that, if any presental soldier or soldiers have been accused and admonished by the order of a man of spectabilis rank, a dux, permission shall be denied to the agent to lodge a petition or an accusation in the court of your Sublimity against that same soldier or those same soldiers. <January 1, 492, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Anastasius Augustus and Rufus.>
Nec si eundem vel eosdem tam criminaliter quam civiliter obnoxios esse firmaverit, facultatem eidem agenti superesse separatis intentionibus suis pro criminalibus quidem iudicium tuae celsitudinis, pro civilibus autem viri spectabilis ducis seu versa vice occupare. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
Nor, even if he shall have affirmed that the same person or the same persons are liable both criminally and civilly, shall the faculty remain to the same agent, with his claims separated, to seize upon for criminal matters the tribunal of your Highness, but for civil matters that of the spectabilis man, the duke, or vice versa. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
Si quis vero ad huiusmodi tam audacissimum tamque aequitati contrarium conamen prosiluerit, eum pro pecuniariis quidem negotiis iactura litis et damnorum quae vitio eius contigerunt solutione percelli, pro criminalibus autem quasi calumniatorem convictum legum aculeos sentire. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
If anyone, indeed, should spring forth to such an attempt, so most audacious and so contrary to equity, let him, with respect to pecuniary affairs, be struck with forfeiture of the suit and with the payment of the damages which befell through his fault; but with respect to criminal matters, let him, as a convicted calumniator, feel the stings of the laws. <a 492 on the Kalends of January at Constantinople, Anastasius Augustus and Rufus, consuls.>
Dispositiones autem ante latas non ad imminuendam potestatem magisteriae per orientem administrationis, sed pro tuitione locorum ac securitate publica noscimur praestitisse, cum non dubium sit ipsos etiam duces, quibus fortissimi praesentales milites parare praecepti sunt, sub eadem excelsa potestate esse constitutos. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
Moreover, the arrangements previously issued we are known to have provided not to diminish the magisterial power of the administration for the East, but for the protection of the localities and the public security, since it is not doubtful that the commanders themselves also, to whom it has been ordered to prepare the bravest praesental troops, have been established under the same exalted authority. <a 492 d. k. ian. constantinopoli anastasio a. et rufo conss.>
Peculio autem castrensi cedunt res mobiles, quae eunti in militiam a patre vel a matre aliisve propinquis vel amicis donatae sunt, item quae in castris per occasionem militiae quaeruntur. <a 223 pp. id. nov. maximo ii et aeliano conss.>
But to the military peculium there fall the movable things which, to one going into military service, have been donated by a father or by a mother or by other relatives or friends, likewise those which are acquired in the camp on the occasion of military service. <a 223 the day before the Ides of November, Maximus for the 2nd time and Aelianus, consuls.>
Errat, qui tibi persuasit, quod nexu paternae potestatis iure sacramenti solutus es. manent enim nihilo minus milites in potestate parentium, sed peculium castrense proprium habent nec in eo ius ullum patris est. * alex. a. feliciano mil.
He is in error, whoever persuaded you that by the right of the sacramentum you are released from the bond of paternal power. For soldiers remain nonetheless under the power of their parents, but they have as their own the peculium castrense, and in that the father has no right at all. * alexander augustus to felicianus, soldier.
Cum adlegas te a fratre tuo eodemque commilitone in isdem castris institutum heredem, successionem eius potius ex castrensi peculio tuo quam patri cuius in potestae es per te quaesitam videri rationis est. * gord. a. gallo mil.
Since you allege that you were instituted heir by your brother, who is likewise your fellow-soldier in the same camp, it is reasonable that his succession be considered to have been acquired by you from your military peculium rather than for your father, in whose power you are. * Gordian Augustus to Gallus, a soldier.
Repetita consuetudo monstravit expeditionis tempore buccellatum ac panem, vinum quoque atque acetum, sed et lardum, carnem vervecinam etiam milites nostros ita solere percipere: biduo buccellatum. tertio die panem: uno die vinum, alio die acetum: uno die lardum, biduo carnem vervecinam. * constantius a. et iul.
Repeated practice has demonstrated that in time of expedition our soldiers are accustomed to receive buccellatum and bread, wine also and vinegar, but also lard, and even mutton, in this way: for two days buccellatum. on the third day bread: on one day wine, on another day vinegar: on one day lard, for two days mutton. * constantius the augustus and jul.
Cenaticorum nomine milites et eorum superstantes nihil penitus a provincialibus accipere audeant. sciant enim milites, quod oportet eos commoda sua, quae in annonarum perceptione adipiscuntur, accipientes extrinsecus detrimentis provinciales non adficere. * valentin.
Let the soldiers and their superintendents dare to receive nothing at all from the provincials under the name of cenatica. For let the soldiers know that it behooves them, taking their own commodities, which they acquire in the perception of the annona, not to affect the provincials with losses from without. * valentin.
Sicut fieri per omnes limites salubri prospectione praecipimus, species annonarias vicinioribus limitibus a provincialibus ordinabis ad castra conferri. sed in veteranis castris constituti milites duas alimoniarum partes ibidem de conditis sumant nec amplius quam tertiam partem ipsi vehere cogantur. * valentin.
As we order to be done along all the frontiers with salutary foresight, you shall arrange that the annona supplies be conveyed to the camps from the nearer frontiers by the provincials. But the soldiers stationed in the veteran camps shall there take two parts of the provisions from what has been stored, and not be compelled themselves to carry more than a third part. * Valentinian.
Actuarii nisi expleto triginta dierum spatio pittacia authentica confestim tradiderint, species, quas ex fiscalibus conditis dissimulaverint excludere vel numero cuius ratiocinia pertractant supersederint erogare, de propriis facultatibus vel militibus ipsis vel fiscalibus horreis adigantur inferre. * valentin. valens et grat.
Unless, upon the completion of a period of 30 days, the actuarii promptly deliver the authentic warrants, let them be compelled, from their own resources, to supply either to the soldiers themselves or to the fiscal granaries the commodities which they have concealed from the fiscal stores so as to exclude them, or have refrained from disbursing in the quantity for which they conduct the accounts. * Valentinian, Valens and Gratian.
Fortissimi ac devotissimi milites annonas et capita singulis diebus aut certe competenti tempore, id est priusquam annus elabatur, de horreis consequantur: aut si perceptionem suam ac si debitam studio voluerint protelare, id, quod competenti tempore minime perceperint, fisci nostri commodis vindicetur. * valens grat. et valentin.
Let the bravest and most devoted soldiers obtain their rations and head-allowances from the storehouses on the several days, or at any rate at the appropriate time, that is, before the year slips away: but if they should wish, out of zeal, to defer their own collection, as if it were a debt, let that which they have in no way received at the appropriate time be claimed for the benefit of our fisc. * Valens, Gratian, and Valentinian.
Nulli militarium pro his annonis, quae in provinciis delegantur, repudiata ad tempus specierum copia et inopiae occasione captata pretia liceat postulare: ita ut, si quis propter anni abundantiam suscipere oblata neglexerit ac postea impositis pro necessitate rerum pretiis repudiata taxaverit, neque id quod contra hanc legem expetit sinatur exigere, neque id quod accipere dissimulaverit consequatur. * valentin. theodos.
Let it be permitted to none of the soldiery, for those rations which are assigned in the provinces, to demand prices by rejecting for a time the supply of commodities and seizing the opportunity of scarcity: so that, if anyone, because of the abundance of the year, has neglected to accept what was offered and afterwards, when prices have been imposed on account of the necessity of the circumstances, has priced the things he rejected, he shall be allowed neither to exact what he seeks contrary to this law nor to obtain what he has pretended not to accept. * valentin. theodos.
Provincialium commodis nos convenit subvenire. ad omnium itaque numerorum sive vexillationum aut etiam scholarum tribunos vel viros illustres comites sublimitas tua faciat pervenire, ut meminerint fenum militibus iustis capitibus praestandum iuxta legem divi valentiniani nec tamen ad oppidum deferendum. * arcad.
It befits us to aid the welfare of the provincials. therefore let Your Sublimity have this conveyed to the tribunes of all numeri or vexillationes, or even scholae, or to the Illustrious Men, the comites, that they remember hay must be furnished to the soldiers at the lawful headcount, according to the law of the deified Valentinian, and yet it is not to be carried to the town. * Arcadius.
Excellentia tua erogationis per susceptores factae modum quantitate brevium conferri perficiat, ita ut, quo die numeris datum sit, diligentius exploretur ac, si quid amplius actuarios vel optiones accepisse constiterit, quam brevium datorum scriniis nostris veritas continet, memorati in duplum reddere compellantur: susceptoribus ea summa imputanda, quam semel flagitantibus eisdem erogasse monstraverint. * arcad. et honor.
Let Your Excellency bring it about that the manner of the disbursement made through the susceptores be compared by the quantity of the briefs, such that the day on which it has been entered into the accounts be more diligently examined; and, if it is established that the actuaries or optiones have received anything more than the truth of the delivered briefs contained in our scrinia, the aforesaid shall be compelled to render double: upon the susceptores that sum is to be imputed which they shall have shown that they once disbursed to the same when they were demanding it. * Arcadius and Honorius.
Nam ad illustres quoque magistros utriusque militiae sacri apices cucurrerunt, quibus provida sanctione decrevimus, ut breves ante indictionis principium summa fide ac veritate confecti ad nostra scrinia dirigantur, secundum quos a susceptoribus erogatio celebretur. <a 398 d.Viii k.April. constantinopoli honorio a.Iiii et eutychiano vc.Conss.>
For the sacred writs have also sped to the illustrious Masters of Both Services, by which, with a provident sanction, we have decreed that briefs, prepared with the highest good faith and truth before the beginning of the indiction, be directed to our archives, in accordance with which the disbursement by the receivers is to be carried out. <a 398 d.8 k.April. at Constantinople Honorius Aug. 4 and Eutychianus, a most distinguished man, Consuls.>
Lege repetita censemus, ut, si quis militum interclusam specierum exactionem refricare temptaverit vel adaerationes statutas ausus fuerit immutare, tam vir spectabilis dux centum librarum auri quam etiam eius officium pari condemnationis summa quatiatur, adiecta sacrilegii poena, quae divalium scitorum violatores palam insequitur. * honor. et theodos.
Renewing the law, we decree that, if any of the soldiers should attempt to revive the levy in kind that has been shut off, or should dare to alter the established commutations into money, both the man of Spectabilis rank, the dux, shall be mulcted in 100 pounds of gold, and his office likewise shall be mulcted in an equal sum of condemnation, with the penalty of sacrilege added, which openly pursues the violators of imperial enactments. * Honorius and Theodosius.
His scholaribus, quibus laborum intuitu regendos numeros dederimus, de aerariis annonis singulos solidos per opinatores, caballationis quoque rationem pro administrato tempore debitam, quando militibus erogatur, sine mora praeberi oportet vel, si quis eorum antequam accipiat in fata concesserit, quod ex utraque causa ei debebatur, heredibus eius restituti. * honor. et theodos.
To these scholares, to whom, in view of their labors, we have assigned units to be governed, a single solidus each from the treasury rations through the opinatores, and likewise the reckoning of caballation owed for the time administered, when it is disbursed to the soldiers, ought to be provided without delay; or, if any of them has departed to his fate before he receives it, that which on both accounts was owed to him shall be restored to his heirs. * Honorius and Theodosius.
Annonas omnes, quae universis officiis atque sacri palatii ministeriis et sacris scriniis ceterisque cunctarum adminiculis dignitatum adsolent delegari, quasque ii, qui ad earum exactionem mittuntur, pro cupiditate et libidine sua graviter ex provincialium visceribus eruebant, ad similitudinem militum, quibus aerariae praebentur annonae, adaerari praecipimus, ut omnibus superius designatis emolumenta debita in pretiis dispositio culminis tui pro publica utilitate taxatis praecipiat erogari. * honor. et theodos.
We order that all annonae, which are accustomed to be delegated to all the offices and to the ministries of the sacred palace and to the sacred scrinia and to the other supports of all dignities, and which those who are sent for their exaction, out of their greed and lust, were grievously tearing from the vitals of the provincials, be commuted into money, after the likeness of the soldiers, to whom cash annonae are furnished, so that for all the above-designated the emoluments due may be directed by the disposition of your eminence to be disbursed, with the prices assessed for public utility. * Honorius and Theodosius.
Per hanc divinam dispositionem iubemus eos, quibus ex officio tuae sublimitatis militarium meritorum seu cuiuslibet praestationis committitur erogatio, in primis iurare pro iustitiae ratione iniunctam sibi sollicitudinem peracturos. * anastas. a. longino mag.
Through this divine disposition we order those to whom, by the office of your Sublimity, the disbursement of military stipends or of any payment whatsoever is entrusted, to swear first of all that, in accordance with the rule of justice, they will carry out the diligence enjoined upon them. * Anastasius Augustus to Longinus, magister.
Et secundum praesentem saluberrimae nostrae dispositionis observationem solacium , sicut dictum est, publicum erogator manu sua sine ullo dolo vel fraude singulis militibus numeret, quatenus unusquisque miles accepto per suam manum solacio ipse cum actuario de negotiatione actuariis permissa secundum rationem agat iustitiae. <a xxx >
And according to the present observance of our most healthful disposition the disburser shall, as has been said, count out with his own hand the public solatium , to the individual soldiers without any deceit or fraud, so that each soldier, having received the solatium by his own hand, may himself deal with the actuary concerning the negotiation permitted to the actuaries according to the rule of justice. <a xxx >
Si qua tamen inter actuarium et militem super pactione seu negotiatione tempore erogationis emerserit dubitatio, iubemus eidem militi dandas pecunias ab erogatore principiis dari et non secundum obtinentem hactenus consuetudinem easdem pecunias vel ab erogatore vel ab actuario retineri, quatenus causa apud devotissima principia propositis sacrosanctis scripturis inter actuarium et militem tractetur, ut ex omni parte miles nullum damnum sub quacumque occasione praeterquam id, quod eum ex iusta et permissa actuariis negotiatione debere constiterit, patiatur. <a xxx >
If, however, any doubt shall have arisen between the actuarius and the soldier concerning the pact or negotiation at the time of disbursement, we order that the monies to be given to the same soldier be given by the disburser at the headquarters, and not, according to the custom obtaining hitherto, that the same monies be retained either by the disburser or by the actuarius, to the end that the case may be handled at the most devoted headquarters, with the sacrosanct writings set forth, between the actuarius and the soldier, so that in every respect the soldier suffer no loss under whatever pretext, except that which it shall have been established that he owes from a just and permitted-to-the-actuarii negotiation. <a xxx >
Super his vero, quos datis forte commeatibus abesse contigerit, haec volumus observari, ut pecuniae quae erogandae sunt usque ad triginta milites, quos tantummodo datis commeatibus dimitti sacra constitutio continet, apud devotissima principia sequestrentur, illorum scilicet tantummodo militum, quorum intra triginta commeatales viros constitutorum actuarius tempore erogationis pittacia utpote habita super pactione protulerit, quatenus, cum idem redierint milites, causa apud devotissima principia secundum praefatum modum tractata utriusque partis indemnitati similiter consuletur: non danda pro tempore tribuno licentia triginta viris amplius sub commeatus occasione dimittere. <a xxx >
Concerning those, moreover, whom it may have happened to be absent by leaves of absence (commeatus) having been granted, we wish these things to be observed: that the monies which are to be disbursed for up to thirty soldiers—whom alone the sacred constitution contains to be allowed to be dismissed when leaves have been granted—be sequestered before our Most Devoted Majesties, namely only for those soldiers, within the thirty men-on-leave established, whose slips (pittacia) the actuarius at the time of disbursement has produced as being on file regarding the bargain; so that, when the same soldiers have returned, the case, handled before our Most Devoted Majesties according to the aforesaid manner, may likewise provide for the indemnity of each party: no license is to be given for the time being to the tribune to dismiss more than thirty men under the pretext of leave. <a xxx >
Sin vero saluberrimam constitutionem offendendo amplius quam triginta viros datis commeatibus tribunus dimittere ausus fuerit, pecunias quidem, quae post praefatorum triginta virorum numerum per commeatus dimissis militibus erogandae fuerant, publicae rationi erogatur non dubitet reportandas. <a xxx >
But if, however, by offending the most salutary constitution, a tribune should have dared to dismiss more than thirty men on granted furloughs, let him not doubt that the monies which, beyond the number of the aforesaid thirty men, would have been disbursed for soldiers dismissed on furloughs are to be returned and paid into the public account. <a xxx >
Sciat vero tribunus praeter iam constitutas super huiusmodi facinore interminationes sese de propriis facultatibus singulis militibus, quibus ultra numerum triginta virorum sub nomine commeatuum eos dimittendo causam non consequendi publica solacia dederit, quidquid ob iniquam dimissionem amiserint, soluturum. <a xxx >
Let the tribune know, moreover, besides the threatenings already established concerning a crime of this kind, that he will pay out of his own resources to each soldier, to whom, by dismissing them under the name of furloughs beyond the number of thirty men he has afforded a cause for not obtaining public allowances, whatever they have lost on account of the iniquitous dismissal. <a xxx >
Hoc etiam adiciendo, ut sub gestorum testificatione tam decem ex devotissimis principiis, primates eorum videlicet, quam unusquisque caput scholae iuratus deponat, sub sua praestantia rem sicut superius dispositum est fuisse subsecutam, et sub obtutibus suis unumquemque militem solacium suum manu sua ab erogatoris dextera suscepisse: et huiusmodi gesta relatione a viro clarissimo tribuno vel devotissimis principiis intra tres menses mittenda, ex quo profectus fuerit, numerandos ad nostram referat pietatem. <a xxx >
By adding this also, that under the attestation of the gesta both ten from the most devoted principal officers—namely, their primates—and each sworn head of a schola shall depose, under his own guarantee, that the matter has followed as it was arranged above, and that under their own eyes each soldier has received his solace with his own hand from the disburser’s right hand: and that a report of such gesta is to be sent by a most distinguished man, the tribune, or by the most devoted principal officers, within three months counted from the time when he shall have set out, he shall refer to our Piety. <a xxx >
Hoc videlicet ante omnia curando, ut pro tempore erogator, postquam datae fuerint ex publico pecuniae, intra duos vel tres menses seu quattuor, pro qualitate scilicet spatiorum, commissam sibi sollicitudinem erogationis non dubitet faciendam: vel si ulterius apud se pecunias publicas differendo erogationem ausus fuerit retinere, sciat se modis omnibus damnum, quod ex negotiatione miles sustinuerit, ex propriis facultatibus militi soluturum. <a xxx >
This, namely, to be taken care of before all else: that the disburser, in due time, after public moneys have been given, within two or three months, or four, according to the quality of the distances, should not hesitate to perform the disbursement duty entrusted to him; or, if he shall have dared to retain public moneys by deferring the disbursement any further with himself, let him know that in every way he will pay to the soldier, from his own means, the loss which the soldier shall have sustained from the business dealings. <a xxx >
Scientibus his, qui praefatae dispositionis observantiam sive in differenda ultra sigillatim definitum temporis spatium erogatione sive in qualibet alia parte fuerint egressi, non solum sese militiae cinguli amissionem, verum etiam facultatum quoque suarum publicationem pro tanto subituros flagitio: et insuper erogationum quoque sollicitudinem ab officio tuae celsitudinis, si imperatoria violata fuerit dispositio, ad alios transferendam, si non idem officium, simulac huiusmodi fuerit a quolibet facinus perpetratum, ad notitiam nostrae mansuetudinis vel certe ad scientiam illustrissimae magisteriae referre curaverit potestatis, ut eiusdem apparitionis periculo tale flagitium principales minime possit aures latere, quatenus ex omni parte eodem delicto revelato, quicumque saluberrimas nostrae pietatis ordinationes ausus fuerit violare, interminatas minime possit poenas evadere: ita ut in singulis militibus, qui non observato in eorum persona tenore datae dispositionis laesi fuerint, liceat sacratissimum nostrum, per unum forte vel etiam binos milites pro omnibus verba facturos, petere comitatum et porrectis precibus quod contra nostram dispositionem passi sunt approbare, eoque facto statutis violator imperatoriae dispositionis suppliciis percellatur. <a xxx >
With it being known to those who shall have gone beyond the observance of the aforesaid disposition either by deferring the erogation beyond the time-span defined in detail, or in any other part, that they will undergo not only the loss of the military belt, but also the publication (confiscation) of their own resources for so great a scandal: and, moreover, that the charge of the erogations too is to be transferred from the office of Your Highness to others, if the imperial disposition shall have been violated, if the same office, as soon as a deed of this kind shall have been perpetrated by anyone, shall not have taken care to report it to the notice of our mildness, or at least to the knowledge of the most illustrious magisterial authority, so that, under peril to that same apparitorial staff, such a scandal may by no means be able to lie hidden from princely ears, in order that, the same offense having been revealed from every side, whoever shall have dared to violate the most health-bringing ordinances of our piety may by no means be able to escape the threatened penalties: such that, in the case of individual soldiers who shall have been injured, the tenor of the given disposition not having been observed in their person, it is permitted to seek our most sacred court (comitatus) through one or even two soldiers who shall speak on behalf of all, and, petitions having been presented, to prove what they have suffered against our disposition, and, this having been done, let the violator of the imperial disposition be struck with the punishments that have been established. <a xxx >
Cum saepe contingit propter quasdam maximas et inexcusabiles rationes quibusdam ad custodiam vel aliam huiusmodi causam milites deputari vel etiam deputatos esse, et non convenit hoc modo publicum aliquod damnum seu dispendium sustinere, iubemus, si qui fortissimi milites ex quocumque numero curiis vel quibusdam corporibus vel sacrosanctis ecclesiis vel aliis personis pro custodia, ut dictum est, vel tali alia causa a nostro numine deputati sunt vel fuerint, ne per eorum translationes circa annonarum vel capitum eis praebendorum erogationem publicis rationibus quaedam laesio ingeratur, eadem de proprio personam seu personas, cui et quibus deputati sunt vel fuerint, modis omnibus agnoscere: hoc tantummodo de publico pro isdem annonis et capitu praebendo et imputando, quod in locis, ex quibus praefati milites perveniunt seu pervenerunt, imputabatur, vel si antelatam praestationem supradictae personae recusaverint, eosdem milites de suis locis non recedere, vel eos qui recesserint ad ea sine quadam mora redire. * anastas. a. arcadio pp. * <a xxx >
Since it often happens, for certain very great and inexcusable reasons, that soldiers are deputed to some persons for guard-duty or another cause of this kind, or even have been deputed, and it is not fitting that in this way the public sustain any loss or detriment, we order that, if any most valiant soldiers from whatever unit have been or shall be deputed by our divine authority to curiae or to certain corporations or to most holy churches or to other persons for guard, as said, or for some other such cause, lest through their transfers, in regard to the disbursement of rations (annonae) or of head-money to be provided to them (capita), some injury be brought upon the public accounts, the same person or persons to whom they have been or shall be deputed must in every way acknowledge the same from their own resources: only this being furnished from the public, for providing and charging the same rations and head-money, namely that which was being charged in the places from which the aforesaid soldiers come or came; or, if the aforesaid persons should refuse the aforesaid prestation, the same soldiers are not to depart from their places, or those who have departed are to return to them without any delay. * anastasius augustus to arcadius, praetorian prefect. * <a xxx >
Officio tuae celsitudinis, si hanc nostrae mansuetudinis formam, quotiens super militibus quibusdam deputandis aliquid statutum fuerit, gestis insinuare et, quid eos, quibus dati sunt, prout nobis placuit, agnoscere oportet, itidem publicare minime curaverit, tam dispendium, quodcumque publicum hac ex causa sustinuerit, ei de proprio resarcire, quam triginta librarum auri multam propter suam desidiam, immo magis coniventiam dependere cogendo. <a xxx >
By compelling the office of your Highness—if it shall have taken no care to insinuate into the records this form of our mildness, whenever anything shall have been decreed concerning the assigning of certain soldiers, and likewise to publish what those to whom they have been given ought, as it has pleased us, to acknowledge—both to make good from its own resources whatever public loss has been sustained on this account, and to pay a fine of thirty pounds of gold on account of its sloth, nay rather connivance. <a xxx >
Et si quisquam, quod non opinamur, implere quae sunt praecepta neglexerit, in procuratorem eius severissime vindicetur, ita ut, si huiusmodi contumaciae dominum conscium esse constiterit, quadruplum id, quod pro eius capitatione poscitur, posthabita dilatione solvatur. <a 404 d.Viiii k.April. romae honorio a.Vi et aristaeneto conss.>
And if anyone, which we do not suppose, should neglect to fulfill the things that are commanded, let the severest penalty be exacted from his procurator, such that, if it be established that the master is aware of such contumacy, fourfold that which is demanded for his capitation be paid, with any deferment set aside. <a 404, 9th day before the Kalends of April, at Rome, Honorius for the 6th time and Aristaenetus, consuls.>
Omnem canonem vestium ex kalendis septembribus ad kalendas apriles nostris largitionibus tradi praecipimus: proposita poena rectori provinciae vel eius officio condemnationis, quae tuae iustitiae videbitur. * valentin. et valens aa. auxonio pp. * <a 368 d.Xiiii k.Dec.Marcianopoli valentiniano et valente conss.>
We order that the whole canon of garments be delivered to our largesses from the Kalends of September to the Kalends of April: with a penalty proposed for the governor of the province or his office, of such condemnation as shall seem good to your justice. * Valentinian and Valens, augusti, to Auxonius, praetorian prefect. * <a 368, on the 14th day before the Kalends of December, at Marcianopolis, when Valentinian and Valens were consuls.>
Provinciae thraciarum per viginti iuga seu capita conferant vestem: scythia et mysia in triginta iugis seu capitibus interim annua solutione dependant: per aegyptum et orientis partes in triginta terrenis iugis, per asianam vero et ponticam dioecesin ad eundem numerum in capitibus seu iugis annuae vestis collatio dependatur, ita ut per orientem provinciae in titulo auri comparaticii, quod per iugationem redditur, compensationis gratia perfruantur, exceptis osrhoena et isauria: nam easdem constat aurum comparaticium minime redhibere. * valens grat. et valentin.
Let the provinces of the Thraces contribute clothing on twenty yokes or heads: Scythia and Mysia, on thirty yokes or heads, shall meanwhile pay by annual settlement: throughout Egypt and the parts of the East, on thirty land-yokes; but through the Asian and Pontic diocese, to the same number, on heads or yokes, let the contribution of the annual clothing be paid, provided that throughout the East the provinces enjoy, for the sake of compensation, the title of “aurum comparaticium” (gold for procurement), which is rendered by iugation, with Osrhoene and Isauria excepted: for it is established that these do not render aurum comparaticium at all. * valens, gratian, and valentinian.
Militaris adaeratio vestis a collatoribus exigatur, sacratissimis videlicet largitionibus inferenda, ita ut quinque eius partes fortissimis militibus erogentur in pretio, sexta vero portio a gynaeciariis clementiae nostrae absque ulla vel ipsorum vel publica incommoditate pro eadem contextione suscepta iunioribus gregariisque militibus in ipsa, quam maxime eos desiderare constitit, specie praebeatur. * honor. et theodos.
Let the military monetary commutation of clothing be exacted from the contributors, to be paid into the Most Sacred Largesses, on condition that five parts thereof be disbursed in cash to the bravest soldiers, but that the sixth portion, by the Gynaecearii of Our Clemency, without any inconvenience either to them or to the public, for the same weaving undertaken, be supplied to the junior and rank‑and‑file soldiers in the very kind which it has been established they most desire. * Honorius and Theodosius.
In qualibet vel nos ipsi urbe fuerimus vel ii qui nobis militant commorentur, omni tam mensorum quam etiam hospitum iniquitate submota duas dominus propriae domus, tertia hospiti deputata, eatenus intrepidus ac securus possideat portiones , ut in tres domus divisae partes primam eligendi dominus habeat facultatem, secundam hospes quam voluerit exsequatur, tertia domino relinquenda. plenum enim aequitate atque iustitia est, ut, qui aut successione fruitur aut empto vel extructione gaudet, electam praecipue iudicio suam rem teneat et relictam. * arcad.
In whatever city either we ourselves have been or those who serve us as soldiers are quartered, with every injustice both of the measurers and also of the guests removed, let the master of the house, fearless and secure to this extent, possess the portions: two for the master of the house, the third assigned to the guest, such that, the house having been divided into three parts, the master have the faculty of choosing the first, the guest take the second which he will, the third to be left to the master. For it is full of equity and justice that he who either enjoys by succession or rejoices in a purchase or in construction should hold his property—especially the one chosen by his judgment—and the one left. * arcadius.
Ergasteria vero, quae mercimoniis deputantur, ad praedictam divisionis iniuriam non vocentur, sed quieta sint et libera et ab omni hospitum iniuria defensata solis dominis conductoribusque deserviant. sane si stabulum, ut adsolet, militari viro in tertia domus parte defuerit, ex ergasteriis, nisi id dominus qualibet occasione providerit, pro animalium numero vel domus qualitate deputabitur. <a 398 d.Viii id.Febr.Constantinopoli honorio iiii et eutychiano conss.>
Workshops, indeed, which are assigned to merchandise, are not to be called to the aforesaid injury of apportionment, but are to be undisturbed and free and defended from every injury by lodgers, and are to serve the owners and lessees alone. Indeed, if a stable, as is customary, should be lacking for a soldier in the third part of the house, then from the workshops—unless the owner has in any way provided for it—it shall be assigned according to the number of animals or the quality of the house. <a 398 d.8 before the Ides of Febr. Constantinople, Honorius 4 and Eutychianus, consuls.>
Illustribus sane viris non tertiam partem domus, sed mediam hospitalitatis gratia deputari decernimus: ea dumtaxat condicione servata, ut alter ex his quilibet , quive maluerit, divisionem arbitraria aequitate faciat, alter eligendi habeat optionem. <a 398 d.Viii id.Febr.Constantinopoli honorio iiii et eutychiano conss.>
To illustrious men, indeed, we decree that not a third part of the house, but the half be assigned for the sake of hospitality: this condition only being observed, that one of these, whichever , or whoever shall have preferred, make the division with discretionary equity, the other have the option of choosing. <a 398, on the 8th day before the Ides of February, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Honorius 4 and Eutychianus.>
Et firmissimum perpetuo quod iussimus perseveret, ita ut triginta libras auri qui illustri sunt praediti dignitate fisco nostro se illaturos esse cognoscant, ceteri vero militia sciant se esse privandos, si generale praeceptum amplius usurpando quam iussimus reprehensibili temeritate violaverint. <a 398 d.Viii id.Febr.Constantinopoli honorio iiii et eutychiano conss.>
And let what we have ordered persist as most firm in perpetuity, so that those who are endowed with the Illustrious dignity may know that they will pay thirty pounds of gold to our fisc, while the others, indeed, should know that they will be deprived of military service, if by usurping the general precept beyond what we have ordered they shall have violated it with reprehensible temerity. <a 398 d.8 id.febr.constantinopoli honorio 4 et eutychiano conss.>
Licentiam enim domino actori ipsique plebi serenitas nostra commisit, ut eum, qui praeparandi gratia ad possessionem venerit, expellendi habeat facultatem nec crimen aliquod pertimescat, cum sibi arbitrium ultionis suae sciat esse concessum: recteque sacrilegium prior arceat, qui primus invenerit. <a 413 d. prid. id. iun.
For Our Serenity has entrusted license to the master, the steward (actor), and to the plebs themselves, that he may have the faculty of expelling the one who has come to the possession for the sake of preparing, and let him not greatly fear any charge, since he knows that the discretion of his own vengeance has been granted to him: and rightly should he who first has discovered it ward off the sacrilege first. <a 413 d. prid. id. iun.
Solam sane hospitalitatem sub hac observatione concedimus, ut nihil ab hospite, quod vel hominum vel animalium pastui necessarium creditur, postuletur, omniumque sit acceleratum iter atque continuum nec ulli liceat residere, ne diuturnitas commanentium ulla ex parte praedium vexet. <a 413 d. prid. id. iun.
We grant only hospitality, to be sure, under this observation: that nothing be demanded from the host which is believed necessary for the feeding of men or of animals; and that everyone’s journey be hastened and continuous, and that it be permitted to no one to linger, lest the long duration of those remaining should in any respect vex the estate. <a 413 d. the day before the Ides of June.
Archiatros nostri palatii nec non urbis romae et magistros litterarum pro necessariis artibus et liberalibus disciplinis nec non picturae professores, si modo ingenui sunt, hospitali molestia quoad vivent liberari praecipimus. * theodos. et valentin.
We order that the chief-physicians of our palace, and likewise of the city of Rome, and the masters of letters for the necessary arts and the liberal disciplines, as well as the professors of painting, if only they are freeborn, be freed from the burden of billeting for as long as they live. * Theodosius and Valentinian.
Hoc iuris in his etiam praecipimus observari, quos ipsa quidem administrationis condicio spectabiles novit, honor tamen additus a nostra liberalitate reddit illustres. <a 444 d. xvii k. febr. constantinopoli theodosio a. xviii cons.>
We also command that this rule of law be observed in the case of those whom the very condition of administration knows as Spectabiles, yet the honor added by our liberality renders Illustres. <a 444, on the 17th day before the Kalends of February, at Constantinople, Theodosius Augustus, 18th consulship.>
Scituris omnibus, quod si quis, cum cingulo perfruatur et excusationem ita propriae domus impetraverit, ut a pensione etiam portionis tertiae sit immunis, et militiae causa metatum in alienis domibus sibi crediderit vindicandum, si quidem honore praeditus excusationis ius habeat, carebit legum privilegiis, quas fraudare conatus est: si vero inter eos quibus nulla suffragatur dignitas numeretur, centum librarum auri sacratissimis largitionibus pendendarum illatione multabitur. <a 444 d. xvii k. febr. constantinopoli theodosio a. xviii cons.>
Let all be advised that, if anyone, while enjoying the belt and has thus obtained an excuse for his own house, so that he is immune even from the payment of the third share, and, on account of military service, should believe that a billet in others’ houses ought to be claimed for himself: if indeed, being endowed with honor, he should have the right of excuse, he shall be deprived of the privileges of the laws which he has tried to defraud; but if he be numbered among those to whom no dignity gives support, he shall be fined by the imposition of one hundred pounds of gold to be paid to the Most Sacred Largesses. <a 444, on the 17th day before the Kalends of February (January 16), at Constantinople, Theodosius Augustus, consul for the 18th time.>
Hac lege sancimus, ut, si quis consularem et patriciam meruerit dignitatem, tres domos proprias dum superest habeat hospitum immunitate securas, heredes vero eius filii aut pater aut mater nepotes aut frater aut soror aut uxor duarum domorum suarum excusatione potiantur. * valentin. et marcian.
By this law we sanction that, if anyone has merited the consular and patrician dignity, he shall have three of his own houses, while he survives, secure by immunity from the billeting of guests; but his heirs—sons or father or mother, grandsons, or brother or sister, or wife—shall obtain the exemption of two of their houses. * valentinian and marcian.
Comites autem domesticorum et protectorum et sacrarum largitionum et privatarum et vir spectabilis primicerius notariorum singulas domus suas ab hospitum gravamine dum vivunt gaudeant esse securas: memorati vero heredes eorum mediam partem unius domus suae sciant excusatione muniri, residuae vero dimidiae partis tertiam portionem hospitibus deputandam esse cognoscant. < >
Moreover, the Counts of the Domestics and of the Protectores and of the Sacred Largesses and of the Private Property, and the man of spectabilis rank, the Primicerius of the Notaries, shall, while they live, enjoy that their several houses are secure from the burden of guests: but let their aforesaid heirs know that one half of a single house of theirs is fortified by exemption, and let them understand that, of the remaining half part, a third portion is to be assigned to guests. < >
Si qui illustres honorarias dignitates quascumque sine actu caelitus impetrarunt , aequo animo suas domus hospitibus post hanc legem pandant pro tertia quae legibus praefinita est portione: exceptis videlicet ergasteriis, quae in plateis vel angiportis esse noscuntur. < >
If any illustrious men have obtained whatever honorary dignities without active service by imperial grant , let them with equanimity open their houses to guests after this law for the third portion which is pre-defined by the laws: namely, with the workshops excepted, which are known to be in the streets or alleyways. < >
Ne quis comitum vel tribunorum aut praepositorum aut militum nomine salgami gratia, id est culcitas lignum oleum a suis extorqueat hospitibus: sed nec volentibus hospitibus in praedictis speciebus aliquid auferant: sed provinciales sint nostri ab hac praebitione securi: comitibus tribunis vel certe praepositis militibusque gravi vexationi subiacentibus. * constantius et constans aa. leontio pp. * <a 340 ? d. v id. oct......Conss.>
Let no one of the companions (counts) or of the tribunes or praepositi or soldiers, under the pretext of “salgama,” that is, mattresses, wood, and oil, extort them from their hosts: nor are they to carry off anything in the aforesaid kinds even from hosts who are willing: rather let our provincials be secure from this exaction: with counts, tribunes, or indeed praepositi and soldiers being subject to a severe penalty. * Constantius and Constans, emperors, to Leontius, praetorian prefect. * <at 340? d. 5 id. oct......consuls.>
Ne cui liceat praepositorum vel tribunorum cohortium vel vicariorum et familiarium eorum tempore expeditionis quocumque genere cuiquam de militibus a castris atque signis vel his etiam locis, in quibus pertendant, discedendi commeatum dare. * const. a. et c. aeliano.
Let it be permitted to no one of the praepositi or tribunes of the cohorts, or of their vicars and familiars, in time of expedition, to grant leave of whatever kind to any of the soldiers to depart from the camp and the standards, or even from those places in which they are encamped. * const. a. et c. aeliano.
Si quis vero contra hanc legem facere ausus fuerit et militem contra interdictum commeatu dimiserit eo tempore, in quo barbarorum incursio extiterit, et tunc, cum praesentes in castris atque apud signa milites esse debeant, quisquam afuerit, capite vindicetur. . <a 323 d. iiii k. mai. severo et rufino conss.>
But if anyone shall have dared to act against this law and shall have dismissed a soldier on furlough contrary to the interdict at the time when a barbarian incursion has arisen, and then, when soldiers ought to be present in the camp and at the standards, anyone is absent, let him be punished with death. . <a 323, on the 4th day before the Kalends of May, in the consulship of severus and rufinus.>
Quicumque de scriniis aut agentibus in rebus vel etiam ex officiis palatinis, his videlicet, qui sacrarum et privatarum remunerationum comitibus obsecundant, sex mensium spatium supra diem commeatus aut iussionem evectionis afuerit, is in inferiorem locum quinque antelatis posterioribus devolvatur: is vero, qui anni vacationem arbitratu proprio iudiciarii praecepti oblitus adsumpserit, a decem post se militantibus transeatur: ac deinde cum iam aliquis desidia quadriennio officium proprium adire neglexerit, quadraginta de sequentibus postferatur: qui vero nec post quadriennii quidem tempus, militantum non immerito matriculis auf eratur. * grat. valentin.
Whoever from the scrinia or the agentes in rebus, or even from the palatine offices—namely, those who attend upon the counts of the sacred and private remunerations—has been absent for a span of six months beyond the day of leave or the instruction of posting, let him be downgraded to an inferior place, set after five who have been preferred before him: but he who, forgetful of the judicial precept, has assumed a year’s vacation at his own discretion, let him be passed over in favor of ten who are serving after him: and then, when someone by sloth has neglected for four years to attend his proper office, let him be placed behind forty of those following: but he who not even after the term of four years [returns], let him be removed, not undeservedly, from the muster-rolls of those serving. * gratian, valentinian.
Si qui sine commeatu aliquo annum in penatibus propriis vel in quibuslibet locis desidiosa quiete transegerit, decem sequentibus postponatur: in quo vero biennium talis culpa deprehenditur, viginti sibi antepositos congemiscat: tertius autem annus triginta praelatos iure deflebit, ita ut quartus exempto matriculae nullam veniam derelinquat. * honor. et theodos.
If anyone without any leave has passed a year in his own household or in whatever places in idle repose, let him be placed after the next 10: but in whom a biennium of such fault is discovered, let him lament 20 set before him: moreover, the third year will rightly bewail 30 preferred ahead, such that the fourth, with removal from the roll, leaves no pardon. * Honorius and Theodosius.
Nullus tiro vagus aut veteranus aut censibus obnoxius ad militiam accedat. * valentin. et valens aa. modesto pp. * <a 370 d.Xiiii k.Oct.Hierapoli valentiniano et valente iii aa. conss.>
let no vagrant recruit, nor veteran, nor one subject to the censuses, accede to military service. * valentinian and valens, augusti, to modestus, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 370, on the 14th day before the kalends of Oct., at hierapolis, valentinian and valens, augusti, consuls for the 3rd time.>
Quisquis mancipium iuris alieni in tirocinio militiae scribi curaverit, convictus ac proditus auri libram aerario nostro cogatur inferre, mancipio scilicet domino, si factum ignoraverit, reddendo. * grat. valentin.
Whoever has taken care that a slave under another’s legal right be enrolled in the military training, having been convicted and denounced, shall be compelled to pay a pound of gold into our treasury, with the slave, namely, being returned to his owner, if he was unaware of the deed. * Gratian and Valentinian.
Saluberrima sanctione censemus, ne merces illicitae ad nationes barbaras deferantur. et quaecumque naves ex quolibet portu seu litore dimittuntur, nullam concussionem vel damna sustineant: ita tamen, ut earum naucleri deponant, in quam provinciam ituri sunt, ut hoc manifestato nulla contra eos postea indignatio seu concussio procedat. * honor.
By a most salutary sanction we decree that illicit merchandise not be carried to barbarian nations. And whatever ships are dispatched from any port or shore shall sustain no exaction or damages: provided, however, that their shipmasters enter the province to which they are about to go, so that, this having been made manifest, no indignation or extortion may thereafter proceed against them. * honor.
Si quis forte desertorem agro tectoque susceperit atque apud se diu passus fuerit delitescere, actor quidem vel procurator loci, qui hoc sciens prudensque commiserit, capitali supplicio subiugetur, dominus vero, si huius rei conscius fuerit, praedii, in quo latuerit desertor, amissione puniatur. * grat. valentin.
If anyone by chance has received a deserter upon his land and under his roof and has allowed him to lie hidden with him for a long time, the actor or procurator of the place, who has committed this knowingly and deliberately, shall be subjected to capital punishment, but the owner, if he has been aware of this matter, shall be punished by forfeiture of the estate in which the deserter has lain hidden. * grat. valentin.
Neque solum de his loquimur, qui proxime signis felicibus applicati militiae rudimenta timuerunt, verum etiam qui stipendiis militaribus degenerem latebram praebuisse monstrantur. <a 380 pp.Id.Iul.Romae gratiano v et theodosio aa. ccnss.>
Nor do we speak only of those who, having been most recently attached to the fortunate standards, feared the rudiments of military service, but also of those who are shown to have provided a degenerate hiding place while on military stipends. <a 380 pp.Id.Iul.Romae gratiano v et theodosio aa. ccnss.>
Desertor autem habebitur quisquis belli tempore aberit a signis. horum qui sponte processerit, peccati anterioris supplicium non timebit. sin vero flagitiosa ignavia delitescat, per eum, in cuius domo fuerit, invigilantibus extrinsecus quoque officiis publicis, ubicumque correptus severitati iudicis offeratur, degeneri morte gladium subiturus.
A deserter, however, will be considered whoever is absent from the standards in time of war. Of these, whoever shall have come forth of his own accord will not fear the punishment of the prior offense. But if, indeed, he skulks in flagitious cowardice, then through the one in whose house he shall have been, with the public offices also keeping watch from without, wherever apprehended he shall be presented to the severity of the judge, destined to undergo the sword with a degenerate death.
Si autem rector provinciae propositam severitatem vel gratia vel dissimulatione distulerit, patrimonii atque existimationis damno subiciatur et in officii primores capitaliter vindicetur. <a 380 pp.Id.Iul.Romae gratiano v et theodosio aa. ccnss.>
If, however, the governor of the province has deferred the proposed severity either through favor or through dissimulation, let him be subjected to loss of patrimony and reputation, and let capital punishment be exacted against the chiefs of his office. <A.D. 380, on the day before the Ides of July, at Rome, under the consulship of Gratian for the 5th time and Theodosius, the Augusti, consuls.>
Si desertores inventi resistendum atque armis obtinendum putaverint, tamquam rebelles in ipsis temeritatis suae conatibus opprimantur: ita tamen, ut provinciarum iudices sollicita cautione disquirant, ne sub falsarum tractoriarum nomine desertionis suae crimen defendere moliantur, nec suppositis aut commentis epistulis evadendi habeant facultatem. * arcad. honor.
If deserters, when found, should think to resist and to hold their ground by arms, let them be crushed as rebels in the very attempts of their rashness: yet in such a way that the judges of the provinces, with solicitous caution, investigate, lest they try to defend the crime of their desertion under the name of false letters of requisition (tractoriae), nor have the means of escaping by substituted or fabricated letters. * arcad. honor.
Universi veterani dixerunt: ipse perspicis scilicet. constantinus a. dixit: iam nunc magnificentia mea omnibus veteranis id esse concessum perspicuum sit, ne quis eorum in nullo munere civili neque in operibus publicis conveniatur neque in nulla collatione neque a magistratibus neque vectigalibus. <a 320 d. k. mart.
All the veterans said: you yourself plainly perceive, of course. Constantine Augustus said: now forthwith let it be clear that by my Magnificence it has been granted to all veterans that none of them be convened for any civil duty nor for public works, nor for any collation (assessment), nor by magistrates nor by imposts. <in the year 320, on the Kalends of March.
Fisco nostro quoque eadem epistula interdiximus, ut nullum omnino ex his inquietaret: sed liceat eis emere et vendere, optimis negotiis pecuniam tractare et mercimonia agitare, ut integra beneficia eorum sub saeculi nostri otio et pace perfruantur. <a 320 d. k. mart. in civitate velovocorum constantino a. vi et constantino c. conss.>
We have also forbidden our Treasury by the same letter to disturb any of them at all: but let it be permitted to them to buy and sell, to handle money in the best dealings and to conduct trade, so that they may enjoy their privileges intact under the leisure and peace of our age. <a 320 on the Kalends of March in the city of the Velovoci, when Constantine Augustus for the 6th time and Constantine Caesar were consuls.>
Providendum est, ne veterani protectoria dignitate cumulati, aut qui honores varios pro meritis suis consecuti sunt, incongruis pulsentur iniuriis, cum, si quis in hoc crimine fuerit deprehensus, rectores provinciarum pro iurisdictione sua examinantes factum pro sui qualitate eos coerceant. * const. a. maximo pp. * <a 328 d. iiii k. ian.
It must be provided that veterans heaped with the protectorian dignity, or those who have obtained various honors for their merits, not be assailed by incongruous injuries; since, if anyone shall be detected in this crime, the governors of the provinces, examining the deed according to their jurisdiction, shall restrain them according to its quality. * Constantine Augustus to Maximus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 328 d. 4 k. Jan.
Veterani, qui ex neglegentia vitae neque rus colunt neque aliquid honestum peragunt, sed latrociniis sese dederunt, omnibus veteranorum privilegiis exuti poenis competentibus a provinciarum rectoribus subiciantur. * constantius a. ad euagrium pp. * <a 353 d. iii id. aug. constantio a. vi et constante ii conss.>
Veterans who, from negligence of life, neither cultivate the countryside nor perform anything honorable, but have given themselves over to brigandage, are to be stripped of all the privileges of veterans and subjected to appropriate punishments by the governors of the provinces. * Constantius Augustus to Evagrius, Praetorian Prefect. * <in the year 353, on the 3rd day before the Ides of August, under the consuls Constantius Augustus for the 6th time and Constans for the 2nd time.>
Nullus eorum, qui sacramentis inhaerere desierit, vel volens permittatur vel invitus militare cogatur observare iudicium: sententiis, quae non his observatis latae fuerint, nullam firmitatem habentibus, nisi forte reperiatur ibi tempore militiae coepta cognitio: tunc enim velut necdum cingulo deposito sub militare iudice rem tractari finirique praecipimus, nisi principali beneficio specialiter indulto quidam ex his sese defendant. * honor. et theodos.
No one of those who has ceased to cling to the sacramentum (military oath) shall either be permitted to serve, if willing, or, if unwilling, be compelled to submit to the court’s jurisdiction: sentences which shall have been rendered with these requirements not observed shall have no validity, unless perhaps it is found that an inquiry was begun there in the time of military service: for then, as though the belt had not yet been laid aside, we order the matter to be handled and concluded under a military judge, unless some of these defend themselves by a special imperial beneficium granted. * honor. et theodos.
Ii, qui ex officialibus quorumcumque officiorum geniti sunt, sive eorundem parentes adhuc sacramento tenentur sive iam dimissi erunt, in parentum militiam vocentur. * constant. a. ad euagrium pp. * <a 331 d. prid.
Those who have been begotten from officials of whatever offices, whether their parents are still held by the sacrament (oath) or will already have been discharged, let them be called into their parents’ militia (service). * Constantine Augustus to Evagrius, Praetorian Prefect. * <in the year 331, on the day before ...
Quando votis communibus felix annus aperitur, in una libra auri et solidis obryziacis principibus offerendi devotionem animo libenti suscipimus statuentes, ut deinceps sequentibus annis uniuscuiusque sedulitas principibus suis talia ingerant semper et deferant. * arcad. et honor.
When by common vows the happy year is opened, we receive with willing mind the devotion of offering to the princes, in one pound of gold and in obryzian solidi, laying down that henceforth in the following years each person’s diligence shall always proffer and deliver such things to their princes. * Arcadius and Honorius.
Vorax et fraudulentum numerariorum propositum, qui diversis obsequiis rectoribus obsequuntur, ita inhibendum est, ut antea sanximus et nunc itidem sancimus condicioni eos subdi tormentorum et eculeis atque lacerationibus subiacere. * constant. a. veroniciano vic.
The voracious and fraudulent disposition of the numerarii (accountants), who in diverse services are obsequious to governors, must be restrained in such a way as we formerly sanctioned and now likewise sanction: that they be subjected to the condition of tortures and be liable to the rack and to lacerations. * constantine augustus to veronicianus, vicar.
Qui numerarii appellari consueverant consularium ac praesidum dumtaxat, tabularii post hanc nostram sanctionem vocabuntur, scientes se tormentis esse subiectos , nisi iudicibus vel his, qui provecti nostro iudicio ad provincias venerint, vel exactoribus debitorum aut reliquorum modum frequenter ingesserint sub actorum testificatione: quos scire oportet cum his qui debitores sunt sese ad solutionem esse retinendos, nisi omnia debita ipsis fuerint indicantibus persoluta. * valentin. et valens aa. ad clearchum.
Those who had been accustomed to be called numerarii of consulars and of presidents only shall, after this our sanction, be called tabularii, knowing themselves to be subject to torments, unless they have frequently laid before the judges, or those who, advanced by our judgment, have come to the provinces, or the collectors of debts or arrears, the account under the attestation of the records: who ought to know that they, together with those who are debtors, are to be held to payment, unless, upon their own indication, all the debts have been paid. * valentinian and valens augusti to clearchus.
In provinciis singulis duo numerarii, qui et tabularii, collocentur, quo ad unum fiscalis arcae ratiocinium, ad alterum largitionales pertinere tituli iubeantur : scituri, quod, si ex alienis quicquam actibus ad alteram partem illicita fuerit usurpatione translatum, is, qui iudicis culpam dissimulatione texerit, gravissimo sit supplicio subiugandus. * grat. valentin.
In each province let two numerarii, who are also tabularii, be stationed, so that to the one the reckoning of the fiscal coffer may be ordered to pertain, to the other the largitional titles: they shall know that, if anything from the acts of the other has been transferred to the other side by illicit usurpation, he who has covered the judge’s fault by dissimulation is to be subjected to the most severe punishment. * gratian and valentinian.
Exceptores omnes iudicibus provincialibus obsequentes, qui nec cohortalem militiam sustinere videntur neque a fisco ullas consequuntur annonas, absque metu dare coeptis operam, etiamsi decuriones sint, minime prohibemus, dummodo munia propriae civitatis agnoscant et peracto secundum morem exceptionis officio ad propriam sibi curiam redeundum esse non nesciant. * grat. valentin.
We by no means forbid all exceptors attendant upon provincial judges, who seem neither able to sustain cohortal service nor to obtain any rations from the fisc, to apply themselves without fear to undertakings begun, even if they are decurions, provided that they acknowledge the duties of their own city and, when the exceptorial office has been performed according to custom, they are not unaware that they must return to their own curia. * grat. valentin.
Quod si quis talis sub tua fuerit iudicatione convictus, profectio irritis his, quae vetita contrectavit, etiam congruam indignationem incurret. <a 426 d.X k.Iul.Nicomediae theodosio xii et valentiniano ii aa.Conss.>
And if any such person shall have been convicted under your judgment, his departure, with those things nullified which he handled though forbidden, will also incur appropriate indignation. <a 426 on the 10th day before the Kalends of July at Nicomedia, Theodosius 12 and Valentinian 2, Augusti, consuls.>
Scriniarios vel numerarios officii magnitudinis tuae iubemus nullatenus in posterum aut mutuam pecuniam sumere aut polliceri cuiquam pro publicis cogi expensis : quos nullam post depositam militiam inquietudinem sustinere volumus. * theodos. et valentin.
We order that the secretaries or accountants of Your Highness’s office shall by no means henceforth either take money on loan or promise to anyone on the pretext of being compelled for public expenses : we wish them to endure no harassment after their service has been laid down. * Theodosius and Valentinian.
Nemini licere deinceps iubemus in quacumque militia connumeratio sollicitudinem actuarii subire vel post depositam eandem curam ad militiam adspirare, quatenus inter privatos agens omnique militari privilegio denudatus nihil nundinationis vel fraudis circa commendanda ratiocinia quibus obnoxius est attemptare valeat. * leo a. dioscoro pp. * <a 472? >
We order that henceforth it be permitted to no one, in whatever military service, to undergo the solicitude of the actuarius of the roll-call, or, after that same charge has been laid down, to aspire to military service, to the end that, acting among private persons and stripped of every military privilege, he may be able to attempt nothing of nundination or fraud concerning the accounts to be submitted, to which he is liable. * Leo Augustus to Dioscorus, praetorian prefect. * <a 472? >
Nulli scriniario liceat pro tempore numerarios plus quam quaternis vicibus, nec his tamen continuandis, adiuvare: idemque hoc super chartulariis praebenda pro tempore numerariis opera observari decernimus, ita ut adiutorum quidem bienii, chartulariorum vero unius anni intervallo continuatio interrumpatur: nulla adiutoribus ad chartulariorum sollicitudinem, quam semel dedignati sunt, descendendi danda licentia: ita ut orientalis quidem tractus pro tempore numerariis non nisi ab his scriniariis, qui intra triginta viros a numerario retro numerandos, asianae vero dioeceseos numerariis non nisi ab his, qui intra quinquaginta a num erario similiter retro numerandos inveniuntur, ponticae vero et thracicae dioeceseos passim et pro suo libitu ex omni multitudine eligendorum adiutorum tribuatur facultas. * zeno a. arcadio pp. * <a 485-486? >
Let no scriniarius be permitted, for the time being, to assist the numerarii more than four times, nor yet with these to be continuous; and we decree that this same rule be observed regarding the chartularii with respect to the service to be furnished to the numerarii for the time, such that the continuity be broken by an interval of two years for helpers, but of one year for chartularii; no license is to be given to the helpers to descend to the solicitude of the chartularii, which they once disdained; such that in the Oriental tract the numerarii for the time be assisted only by those scriniarii who, being counted back from the numerarius, are found within thirty men, and the numerarii of the Asian diocese only by those who, being counted back similarly from the num erarius, are found within fifty; but in the Pontic and Thracian dioceses let the faculty be granted of selecting helpers promiscuously and at their own pleasure from the whole multitude. * zeno a. arcadio pp. * <a 485-486? >
Omnia sane commonitoria vel praeceptiones aut evectiones seu quaelibet publica instrumenta non solum adiutori, verum etiam provinciae illius de qua disponitur tractatori inspiciendi itidemque subscribendi, aliorum quoque, qui una cum eo tractant, in eadem subscriptione mentione habenda, necessitatem incumbere. <a 485486? >
Surely all commonitories or precepts or evections, or whatever public instruments, are under the necessity of being inspected and likewise subscribed, not only by the assistant, but also by the tractator of that province about which disposition is made; likewise, in the same subscription, mention must be had of the others also who together with him handle the matter. <a 485486? >
Si quid autem sine hac observatione ex orientali vel asiano vel thracico scrinio fuerit emissum, falsi suspicione non careat: exceptis publicis instrumentis, quae ex scrinio ponticae dioeceseos emittuntur, quod in isdem instrumentis solum numerarium eiusdem dioeceseos eiusque adiutorem et chartularium subscribere magnitudo tua disposuit: ita ut, si quid huius legis fuerit violatum, numerarii quidem tam gradus sui quam sollemnitatum seu solaciorum universi anni iacturam, adiutores vero quinquaginta librarum auri et chartularii quindecim itidem librarum auri poenam subeant. <a 485-486? >
If anything, however, should be issued without this observance from the Oriental or Asian or Thracian scrinium, let it not be free from suspicion of falsity: excepting the public instruments which are issued from the scrinium of the Pontic diocese, because in those instruments your Magnitude has ordained that only the numerarius of the same diocese and his adjutor and the chartularius are to subscribe: such that, if anything of this law shall have been violated, the numerarius indeed shall incur the loss both of his rank and of the stipends or allowances of the whole year, while the adjutores shall undergo a penalty of fifty pounds of gold and the chartularii, likewise, a penalty of fifteen pounds of gold. <a 485-486? >
Officio magnitudinis tuae datis precibus postulante, ut numerariorum actus non in biennium, sed in unum annum statuatur, nostra pietas huiusmodi petitionibus adnuens dispositionem, quae promulgata fuerat super biennio, super uno tantummodo anno revocavit. * zeno a. catoni mag. mil.
At the request of the office of Your Greatness, petitions having been submitted that the tenure of the numerarii be fixed not for a biennium but for one year, our piety, assenting to such petitions, has revoked the arrangement which had been promulgated for a biennium, to one year only. * Zeno Augustus to Cato, Master of Soldiers.
Per hanc divinam pragmaticam sanctionem decernimus, quod antea, dum tribuni praetoriani dignitas eis, qui in scriniis seu gradibus officii tuae celsitudinis deponunt militiam, praebeatur, custoditum fuisse dignoscitur, hoc super honore quoque comitivae dignitatis eis impertiri, ut sententia pro fine eorum militiae proferenda dignitatis etiam mentionem contineat, haec quoque tantummodo et sine speciali codicillorum vel divinorum apicum sanctione ad eandem dignitatem adipiscendam et privilegia eam sequentia sufficiat: ita tamen, ut primi ordinis comitivam per interlocutionem eiusdem potestatis mereantur cornicularius et primiscrinius et numerarius scrinii macedoniae et scrinii daciae et scrinii operum et scrinii auri. * anastas. a. spartiatio pp.Illyrici.
Through this divine pragmatic sanction we decree that what previously, while the dignity of the praetorian tribunes is afforded to those who lay down their service in the scrinia or the grades of the office of your highness, is understood to have been observed—this additional honor also of the comitiva dignity be imparted to them, so that the pronouncement to be issued for the termination of their service also contains mention of the dignity; and that this alone, without a special sanction of codicils or of divine letters, suffices for attaining the same dignity and the privileges following it; provided, however, that the cornicularius and the primiscrinius and the numerarius of the Macedonian scrinium and of the Dacian scrinium and of the scrinium of Works and of the scrinium of Gold merit, through an interlocution of the same authority, the comitiva of the first order. * anastasius augustus. spartiatio, praetorian prefect of illyricum.
Praesidibus et rationalibus ceterisque, quibus propterea res publica et annonas et alimenta pecoribus subministrat, usurpandi paraveredi licentia derogetur. * const. a. ad acyndinum pp. * <a 326 pp.Xv.K.Mart.Constantino.A.Vii et constantio c.Conss.>
Let the license of using post-horses (paraveredi) be rescinded for governors and rationales (financial officers) and the others, to whom for that reason the commonwealth supplies rations and fodder for the animals. * constitution of the Augustus to Acyndinus, praetorian prefect. * <a 326 on the 15th day before the Kalends of March, when Constantine Augustus for the 7th time and Constantius Caesar were consuls.>
Sed nec alia via eundi quisquam habeat facultatem, nisi per quam cursus publicus stare dignoscitur: excepta videlicet tua sublimissima sede, cui cursus publicus et proficiscendi per eum licentia et ubi ratio exegerit praesto est. <a 326 pp.Xv.K.Mart.Constantino.A.Vii et constantio c.Conss.>
But let no one have the means of going by any other route except that along which the public post is recognized to operate: save, namely, your most exalted seat, for which the public post and the license of setting out by it are at hand whenever reason shall require. <a 326 pp.15.K.Mart.Constantino.A.7 et constantio c.Conss.>
Evectiones ab omnibus postulentur, et tam iudices quam custodes publici cursus minime transire patiantur, antequam seriem evectionis adspexerint. * constantius a. ad taurum pp. * <a 357 d.Viii k.Iul.Mediolani constantio a.Viiii et iuliano c.Ii conss.>
let travel-warrants be demanded from everyone, and let neither the judges nor the custodians of the public post by any means allow passage before they have inspected the series of the warrant. * constantius augustus to taurus, the praetorian prefect. * <in the year 357, on the 8th day before the kalends of july, at milan, in the consulship of constantius augustus for the 9th time and julian caesar for the 2nd time, consuls.>
Quod si quis putaverit resistendum et sine evectione iter facere detegitur, vel ultra tempus quod evectioni insertum est publico cursu uti conatus sit, ubi repertus fuerit, eundem iussimus detineri et, si quidem dignitate praeditus sit, de eius nomine ad prudentiam tuam et ad illustrem virum comitem et magistrum officiorum referri. adversus ceteros vero protinus indignatio competens exercenda est, quos sinceritas tua pro loco graduque militiae ibidem coerceri posse crediderit. <a 357 d.Viii k.Iul.Mediolani constantio a.Viiii et iuliano c.Ii conss.>
But if anyone shall have thought fit to resist and is uncovered making a journey without an evection, or has attempted to use the public cursus beyond the time that is inserted in the evection, wherever he is found, we have ordered that he be detained; and, if indeed he be endowed with dignity, that report concerning his name be made to Your Prudence and to the illustrious man, the count and master of the offices. Against the rest, however, the competent indignation is to be exercised at once, whom Your Sincerity shall have believed can be constrained there according to the place and the grade of service. <a 357, on the 8th day before the Kalends of July, at Milan, when Constantius, Augustus, for the 9th time, and Julian, Caesar, for the 2nd time, were consuls.>
Si quis ergo posthac contra vetitum sibi cursum publicum illicita temeritate praesumpserit, motum in se nostrae mansuetudinis excitabit. <a 371 d. iii id. dec. triveris gratiano a. ii et probo conss.>
If anyone therefore hereafter, contrary to the veto, shall have presumed upon the public post for himself with illicit temerity, he will rouse against himself even our clemency. <a 371 on the 3rd day before the Ides of December, at Trier, in the consulship of Gratian Augustus, 2, and Probus, consuls.>
Stabula autem ut impensis publicis extruantur, contra rationem est, cum provincialium sumptu, in quorum locis stabula constituta sunt, citius arbitremur apparanda et utilius tam publico quam his, quos stercus animalium pro suo solacio habere concedimus. <a 377 d. iii k. mart. triveris gratiano a. iiii et merobaude conss.>
But that stables be built at public expense is against reason, since we judge that they should be prepared more quickly at the expense of the provincials, in whose locales the stables have been established, and more advantageously both for the public and for those to whom we grant to have the dung of the animals as their own perquisite. <a 377 on the 3rd day before the Kalends of March, at Trier, under the consulship of Gratian Augustus for the 4th time and Merobaudes, consuls.>
Iudicibus faciendae evectionis copiam denegamus, cum id tantum nostro numini et tuae sedi nec non viro illustri magistro officiorum sit reservandum, cum neque praefecto urbis neque magistris militum neque ducibus neque vicariis nec cuiquam alii praeter memoratas duas potestates hoc a nobis concessum sit. * grat. valentin.
We deny to judges the privilege of issuing evection, since that is to be reserved only to our divinity and to your seat, and also to the Illustrious Man, the Master of the Offices, since neither to the Prefect of the City nor to the Masters of Soldiers nor to the dukes nor to the vicars nor to anyone else besides the aforesaid two authorities has this been granted by us. * gratian, valentinian.
His enim tantum ambulandi facultatem iudices ex suo arbitrio praebituri sunt, quos in transmissione publicarum functionum prosecutores viderint constitutos: scituri, si definitionem nostram excesserint, se quidem viginti quinque auri libris, officia vero quinquaginta esse multandos. <a 382 d. x k. aug. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss.>
Judges shall grant the permission to travel, at their own discretion, only to those whom they have seen appointed as escorts (prosecutores) in the transmission of public functions; knowing that, if they exceed our ruling, they themselves are to be fined 25 pounds of gold, and their staffs 50. <a 382, given on the 10th day before the Kalends of August, at Constantinople, under the consulship of Antonius and Syagrius.>
Quoniam veredorum quoque cura pari ratione tractanda est, sexaginta libras sella cum frenis, sexaginta itidem averta non transeat: ea condicione, ut, si quis praescripta moderaminis imperatorii libramenta transcenderit, eius sella in frusta caedatur, averta vero fisci viribus deputetur: exceptis auri centenariis, quae necesse est ab hippocomis in solitis sacculis reportari. * valentin. theodos.
Since the care of the relay-horses likewise must be handled on the same principle, sixty pounds for a saddle with bridle-reins, and likewise sixty for a pack-saddle, must not be exceeded: on this condition, that if anyone shall have overstepped the prescribed weight-burdens of imperial regulation, his saddle shall be cut into pieces, but the pack-saddle shall be assigned to the resources of the fisc; except for centenarii of gold, which must be carried back by the hippocomi in the usual little bags. * valentin. theodos.
Quocirca per omnes iudices et curiosos miserabilis removeatur iniuria, scientibus cunctis, quod, si observata non fuerit nostra sanctio, non solum damna resarcire, verum etiam notam et multam qui neglexerit subire cogetur. <a 390 pp. xv k. iul. triveris valentiniano a. iiii et neoterio conss.>
Wherefore let the wretched wrong be removed by all judges and curiosi, all knowing that, if our sanction is not observed, whoever neglects it will be compelled not only to make good the damages, but also to undergo a note of censure and a fine. <in the year 390, on the 15th day before the Kalends of July, at Trier, under the consuls Valentinian for the 4th time and Neoterius.>
Animalia publica, dum longe maiore ac periniquo pretio pabula aestimantur per mancipes atque apparitores, aperte vexantur. ne id contingat, sublimitas tua disponat, ut neque pabula mutationibus desint, neque provinciales ultra quam iustitiae sinit ratio praegraventur. * arcad.
The public animals, while fodder is assessed at a far greater and unjust price by contractors and apparitors, are openly harassed. Lest this occur, let your Sublimity arrange that neither fodder be lacking at the posting-stations, nor the provincials be weighed down beyond what the rule of justice permits. * arcad.
Cursum clavularem ab omni orientali tractu nec non ab his civitatibus aliarum regionum, quarum instructio tui culminis meminit, tolli amputarique decernimus, ita tamen, ut in transitu fortissimorum militum ( quando nostra serenitas disposuerit ex aliis ad alia eos loca deduci, evectionesque animalium secundum consuetudinem a nostra fuerint aeternitate consecuti)et in armorum tam confectione quam translatione servata consuetudine, in profectione quin etiam legatorum animalium dominis, qui ea solent accepta mercede locare, praebenda pensio arcae tui culminis imputetur. * leo a. pusaeo pp. * < >
We decree that the clavular post be removed and cut off from every eastern tract and also from those cities of other regions, of which the instruction of your eminence makes mention; provided, however, that upon the passage of the bravest soldiers (when Our Serenity shall have arranged that they be led from some places to others, and they shall have obtained, according to custom, warrants for riding-animals from Our Eternity), and with the custom preserved both in the making and in the transport of arms, likewise, upon the setting out of envoys, the payment to be furnished to the owners of animals, who are wont, once a fee has been received, to let them out for hire, be charged to the chest of your eminence. * Leo Augustus. Pusaeus, Praetorian Prefect. * < >
Iubemus nemini licere cuiuscumque scholae vel officii vel militiae seu condicionis per totius orientalis tractus partes ob quamcumque causam profiscenti seu redeunti supra unum veredum unumque paraveredum, cum evectione tamen iudiciali, movere, nisi specialis ei praestita sit nostrae serenitatis quantitatem animalium continens evectio. * anastas. a. armenio pp. * < >
We order that it be permitted to no one, of whatever schola or office or soldiery or condition, who is setting out or returning through the parts of the whole Eastern tract for whatever cause, to requisition more than one post-horse (veredus) and one extra post-horse (paraveredus), even with a judicial evectio (transport-warrant), unless a special evectio of Our Serenity has been granted to him, specifying the quantity of animals. * ANASTASIUS AUGUSTUS TO ARMENIUS, PRAETORIAN PREFECT. * < >
Nulli vero penitus cum necessariis sibi personis praebeantur, nisi his tantummodo, qui animalia atque equos sacro usui necessarios prosequuntur: ita tamen, ut his dimissis in tractoriarum corpore quinque dierum numerus adscribatur, ut nullus ultra hoc temporis spatium ad residendum in quo libitum fuerit loco copiam nanciscatur. <a 392 d.Vii k.Sept constantinopoli arcadio a.Ii et rufino conss. >
Let none at all be provided with them together with the persons necessary to him, except only those who escort the animals and horses necessary for sacred use; nevertheless, on condition that, when these are dismissed, the number of five days be entered in the body of the tractoriae, so that no one may obtain leave to remain beyond this span of time in whatever place he has pleased. <a 392 on the 7th day before the Kalends of September at Constantinople, Arcadius in his 2nd consulship and Rufinus, consuls. >
Praefecturae cornicularios, qui annis singulis exeunt post transactos corniculos nostram adorare purpuram volumus: quo honore perfunctis, cum iam missionem tenuerint, liberum otium damus, ut ad susceptionem vel cuiuslibet necessitatis officium minime devocentur. * valentin. et valens aa. ad mamertinum pp. * <a 365 d. iii k.Dec.Mediolani valentiniano et valente aa.Conss.>
we will that the cornicularii of the prefecture, who each year go out of office after their “cornicula” have been completed, adore our purple: when they have performed this honor, since they now have obtained discharge, we grant free leisure, so that they be by no means called away to the undertaking of any office of necessity whatsoever. * valentinian and valens, the augusti, to mamertinus, the praetorian prefect. * <a 365 d. the third day before the kalends of december, at milan, valentinian and valens, the augusti, consuls.>
Praefectianos ad perniciem provincialium exactionibus in provinciis vel potius lucris et quaestibus suis sese immiscere vetamus: praeterea vel horreorum gerere custodiam vel curarum ius atque arbitrium sibi praesumere his denegamus. * valentin. et valens aa. ad zosium praes.
We forbid the prefectural men to meddle, to the ruin of the provincials, in exactions in the provinces, or rather in their own lucre and profits: furthermore, we deny to these to bear the custody of granaries or to presume for themselves the right and discretion of guardianships. * Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Zosius, governor.
Cornicularii et primiscrinii, numerarii insuper, qui in officio tuae sublimitatis per ordinem obsequiis militiae terminatis desideratam laborum requiem sortiuntur, pro multis erga rem publicam sudoribus ab omnibus indictionibus tam militarium quam civilium iudicum semper habeantur immunes, et civilium tantum iudicum , non etiam militarium iurisdictioni subiaceant. * theodos. et valentin.
Corniculars and primiscrini, and moreover numerarii, who in the office of your Sublimity, in due order, upon the duties of service being concluded, obtain the desired rest from labors, for their many sweats on behalf of the commonwealth shall always be held immune from all indictions of both military and civil judges, and be subject to the jurisdiction of civil judges only , not also of military. * theodosius and valentinian.
Huic sanctioni addendum esse censemus, ut, si quis praefectianus dum militat vel post depositum cingulum sine testamento quod legibus comprobatur nullisque ab intestato successoribus derelictis fati munus impleverit, omnes eius patrimonii facultates provisione magnificae tuae sedis non fisci viribus, sed arcae tui culminis rationibus vindicentur. <a 444?>
We judge that an addendum ought to be made to this sanction, namely that, if any praefectian (prefectural official), while he is serving or after the belt has been laid aside, without a testament which is approved by the laws and with no successors ab intestato left behind, shall have fulfilled the office of Fate, all the faculties of his patrimony shall, by the provision of your magnificent seat, be claimed not by the powers of the fisc, but to the accounts of the chest of your eminence. <a 444?>
Scriniariis autem exceptoribus ceterisque, qui in officio tui culminis merent, cum in legione prima adiutrice nostra militant, audientiam tantummodo in causis in quibus pulsantur tuae celsitudinis deputamus. in provinciis vero commorantes rectoribus earum eos respondere iubemus, nisi publicum officium aliquod eis iniunctum sit. <a 444?>
To the scriniarii, however, the exceptores, and the rest who serve in the office of your eminence, when they do military service in our First Adjutrix Legion, we assign a hearing only in the cases in which they are sued to your Highness. in the provinces, however, those residing we order to answer to the governors of those provinces, unless some public duty has been enjoined upon them. <a 444?>
Praeter eos, qui de officio eminentium potestatum numero stipendiorum et curriculis evolutis urbique praefecti serenitatis nostrae annis singulis attingere purpuram venerarique praecepti sunt, nulli prorsus eorum, qui provincialia officia peregerunt, tranquillitatis nostrae muricem adorare sit liberum, omnium suffragiorum obreptione cessante. * grat. valentin.
Except for those who, from the staff of the eminent powers and of the Prefect of the City, with the tally of stipends and their career-courses run through, have been instructed each year to touch and venerate the purple of Our Serenity, to absolutely none of those who have performed provincial offices shall it be permitted to adore the murex-purple of Our Tranquility, the surreptitious procurement of all endorsements being brought to an end. * Gratian, Valentinian.
Numerarios virorum illustrium magistrorum militum tam praesentalium quam orientalium qui ordine stipendiis militiae fuerint decorati, exeuntes tribunis praetorianis partis militaris, sudoribus eorum beneficium deferentes, sociari praecipimus: ita videlicet, ut post completam militiam ab omnibus indictionibus tam militarium quam civilium iudicum semper habeantur immunes. * theodos. et valentin.
We order that the numerarii, the paymasters, of the illustrious Masters of Soldiers, both praesental and of the East, who shall have been decorated according to rank with the stipends of military service, upon leaving be associated with the praetorian tribunes of the military branch, granting a beneficium for their labors; namely, that after their service is completed they shall always be held immune from all indictions (tax-levies) imposed by both military and civil judges. * theodosius and valentinian.
Eos, qui in officiis vestris merentes statutorum tantummodo numero inserti sunt, fori praescriptione muniri, ceteros vero, qui supra huiusmodi numerum militare noscuntur, quasi nec militantes et apud illustrissimas praefecturas et apud clarissimos provinciarum rectores de quolibet pulsari et conveniri et sine cinguli praescriptione respondere negotio sancimus. * anastas. a. magistris mil.
We decree that those who, serving in your offices, have been entered only in the statutory number are to be fortified by the plea of forum; but the others, who are known to serve above such a number, as if not even serving, are to be sued and convened on any matter both before the most illustrious prefectures and before the most distinguished rectors of the provinces, and to answer the suit without the plea of the belt. * anastasius augustus to the masters of the soldiers.
Omnes stationarii neque superexactionem audeant neque carcerem habeant, neve quis personam licet pro manifesto crimine apud se habeat in custodia, sciens quod, si quid tale fuerit commissum, capite puniendus est. * const. a. edicto suo ad afros.
Let all stationarii neither dare over-exaction nor maintain a prison; nor let anyone keep a person in custody at his own place, even for a manifest crime, knowing that, if anything of such a kind shall have been committed, he is to be punished with death. * Constantine Augustus, by his own edict to the Africans.
Nullus iudicum quemquam sine sacra probatoria probare audeat vel provehere. * constantius et constans aa. ad taurum pp. * <a 358 d.Vi k.Iun.Mediolani acc.Viii id.Iul.Datiano et cereale conss.>
Let none of the judges dare to approve anyone or to promote him without the sacred probatory letters. * Constantius and Constans, Augusti, to Taurus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 358 on the 6th day before the Kalends of June, at Milan; received on the 8th day before the Ides of July, when datianus and cerealis were consuls.>
Excipimus tamen officia provincialia cursus publici sollicitudinem sustinentia: nec enim tanto muneri adminiculum denegari publica permittit utilitas. <a 358 d.Vi k.Iun.Mediolani acc.Viii id.Iul.Datiano et cereale conss.>
Nevertheless, we make an exception for the provincial offices that sustain the care of the public post; for public utility does not permit support to be denied to so great a service. <a 358 on the 6th day before the Kalends of June, at Milan; received on the 8th day before the Ides of July; in the consulship of Datianus and Cerealis.>
Solita cohortalibus syriae privilegia, quae a divo diocletiano porrecta sunt atque concessa, nos quoque porreximus ac iubemus eos non ad sollicitudinem bastagae, non ad functionem naviculariam devocandos, non invitos curialibus coetibus adscribendos, verum peracto labore militiae, pastus primipili competenti sedulitate functione transacta praerogativam his recusationis offerrimus. * valentin. et valens aa. festo consulari syriae.
The customary privileges for the cohortales of Syria, which were extended and granted by the deified Diocletian, we too have extended; and we order that they are not to be called to the anxiety of the bastaga, not to the navicularian function, not to be enrolled unwillingly in the curial assemblies; but, their service-labor completed, with the pastus of the primipilus, the function having been carried through with fitting diligence, we proffer to them the prerogative of recusation. * valentinian and valens, the augusti, to festus, consularis of syria.
Officia rectorum provinciarum tuae magnificentiae litteris volumus admoneri, ut susceptos in officio proprio vel probatos cohortium nomine legionumve privilegiis aestiment inserendos. * valentin. et valens aa. et grat.
We wish the offices of the rectors of the provinces to be admonished by the letters of Your Magnificence, that those accepted into their own office or approved be considered as to be enrolled under the name of the cohorts or with the privileges of the legions. * Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, and Gratian.
Quicumque per osdroenam primipilarium maiore laetatur numero filiorum, unum loco suo veluti hereditario iure substituat, alterum pro amore patriae edessenae curiae tradat obsequiis, ceteris quam voluerit militiam provisurus. sin autem duos tantum procreaverit, cohorti satisfacere cogatur et curiae. quod si unum procreaverit, eundem ordini patriae restituat, nullo contra hanc formam beneficio valituro.
Whoever throughout Osrhoene, being a primipilaris, rejoices in a greater number of sons, let him substitute one in his own place as though by hereditary right, let him hand over another, for love of the fatherland, to the curia of Edessa for its services, and for the rest let him provide military service as he shall wish. But if he has begotten only two, he shall be compelled to satisfy both the cohort and the curia. But if he has begotten only one, let him restore that same one to the order of the fatherland; no privilege contrary to this form shall be valid.
Damus sane licentiam tam patribus eorum quam ipsis, qui huius legis auctoritate civitatum obsequio adgregantur, ut, si quos curiales patrocinio principalium invenerint excusari, in medium proferant, ut et ipsi similibus officiis deputati pareant impetratis. <a 375 d.Iii non.Dec.Antiochiae post consulatum gratiani a.Iii et equitii vc. >
We indeed grant license both to their fathers and to themselves, who by the authority of this law are aggregated to the service of the municipalities, that, if they find any curials excused by the patronage of the palace principals, they may bring them into the open, so that they too, when appointed to similar duties, may comply with the measures obtained. < in 375 on the 3rd day before the Nones of December at Antioch, after the consulship of Gratian for the 3rd time and of Equitius, a most distinguished man. >
Si apparitor diffugerit criminosus, edictum, quo revocari possit, adiecta condicione legibus subsequatur: cui nisi fuerit satisfactum, merito in latitantem a iudice pro qualitate peccati sententia proferatur. * grat. valentin.
If an apparitor, criminally accused, has fled, let an edict, by which he can be recalled, follow with the condition added in accordance with the laws; unless satisfaction has been made to it, deservedly let sentence be pronounced by the judge upon the one in hiding, according to the quality of the offense. * Gratian, Valentinian.
Ordinariorum iudicum apparitores, qui vel speculatorum vel ordinariorum attigerint gradum, nullo annorum numero, nulla stipendiorum contemplatione laxentur, priusquam primipili pastum digesta ratione compleverint. * valentin. theodos.
The apparitors of the ordinary judges, who have attained the grade either of the speculators or of the ordinaries, are not to be released by any number of years nor by any consideration of stipends, before they have completed the primipilus’s feeding-allowance, with the reckoning set in order. * Valentinian and Theodosius.
Quod si ante debitum locum, qui huic functioni habetur obnoxius, vel aegri corporis labem vel defessae senectutis extrema ad impetrandam quietem crediderit praetendenda, non prius otio condonetur, quam omne quod primipilio debetur expenderit. <a 389 d.Iii non.Mai.Mediolani timasio et promoto conss.>
But if, before the appointed place which is held as subject to this function, he believes that either the blemish of a sick body or the last extremes of a worn-out old age should be put forward to obtain repose, let him not be granted leisure before he has paid out everything that is owed to the primipilate. <a 389 on the 3rd day before the Nones of May, at Milan, Timasius and Promotus, consuls.>
Eos etiam, qui pro sceleribus suis soluto militiae cingulo addicuntur infamiae, ne integro peculio sub hac occasione laetentur, ita condignae ultioni volumus subiacere, ut functioni quoque, quae extrema militiae debetur, nihil ex eorum facultatibus subtrahatur. <a 389 d.Iii non.Mai.Mediolani timasio et promoto conss.>
Those also who, for their crimes, with the belt of military service unfastened are consigned to infamy, lest under this pretext they rejoice in an intact peculium, we will to be subject to condign vengeance in such a way that, for the impost as well which is owed at the end of military service, nothing from their resources be withheld. <a 389 d.Iii non.Mai.Mediolani timasio et promoto conss.>
Per illyricum, in quo plurima ac maxima necessitatum publicarum emolumenta officiis constat praesidalibus expediri, centeni numero singulis iudicibus obsecundent: nec ultra hunc modum vel ad militiam ullus adspiret vel coniventia iudicum perseveret. * arcad. et honor.
Through Illyricum, in which it is established that very many and the greatest emoluments of public necessities are expedited by the praesidial offices, let a hundred in number attend upon each judge; nor beyond this measure let anyone aspire to the soldiery, or the connivance of the judges persist. * Arcadius and Honorius.
Quicumque ad chartas vel tabulas vel quodcumque aliud ministerium cohortalis optaverit, non ante accedere permittatur, nisi eius nomen matriculis receptum primitus fuerit: poena proposita his, qui contra statuta caelestia crediderint suscipiendos aliquos aut quodlibet eis officium iniungendum. * arcad. et honor.
Whoever shall have desired the papers or tablets, or any other service of a cohortalis, is not to be permitted to approach it before his name has first been received in the rolls: a penalty being prescribed for those who, contrary to the celestial statutes, have supposed that some persons are to be received, or that any duty whatsoever is to be enjoined upon them. * Arcadius and Honorius.
Si quis ex grege cohortalinorum urguente criminis insectatione stipendiis fuerit exemptus, aut otio traditus quietis artibus immoretur, aut si ad pristina sacramenta precum miseratione maluerit repedare, indultum nostrae maiestatis oraculum amplissimae tuae sedi offerat adlegandum. * honor. et theodos.
If anyone from the band of the cohortals, with the prosecution of a charge pressing, has been removed from the stipends, or, consigned to leisure, lingers in the arts of quiet, or if by the compassion of petitions he should prefer to retrace his steps to his former oaths, let him present the indult, the oracular rescript of our majesty, to your most ample seat to be adduced. * honorius and theodosius.
Si cohortalis apparitor aut obnoxius cohorti ad ullam adspiraverit dignitatem, spoliatus omnibus impetrati honoris insignibus ad statum pristinum revocetur: liberis etiam in tali eius condicione susceptis fortunae patriae mancipandis. * theodos. et valentin.
If a cohortal apparitor or one subject to a cohort has aspired to any dignity, let him, stripped of all the insignia of the honor obtained, be recalled to his former status: and his children also, conceived in such a condition of his, are to be mancipated to the fortune of the fatherland. * Theodosius and Valentinian.
Quod si quis ex his ausus fuerit ullam adfectare militiam, nulla praescriptione temporis muniatur praeter eam scilicet, quae ex quadraginta annis colligitur: sed ad condicionem propriam retrahatur, ne ipse vel eius liberi post talem ipsius statum procreati quod cohorti debetur valeant declinare. <a 436 d. iii non. april.
But if anyone of these should dare to aspire to any military service, let him be fortified by no statute of limitations except, namely, that which is gathered from 40 years: but let him be drawn back to his own condition, lest he himself or his children begotten after such his status be able to decline what is owed to the cohort. <a 436 d. iii non. april.
Sed etiam cunctos, qui diversarum rerum negotiationibus detinentur, trapezitas scilicet vel gemmarum argentique vestiumve venditores, apothecarios etiam ceterosque institores aliarum mercium quibuscumque ergasteriis adhaerentes iubemus a provincialibus officiis removeri, ut omnis honor atque militia contagione huiusmodi segregetur. <a 436 d. iii non. april.
But we also order that all who are detained by dealings in various goods—namely trapezites (bankers) or sellers of gems and of silver and of clothing, apothecaries too, and the other retailers of other wares, attached to whatever workshops—be removed from provincial offices, so that every honor and military service may be segregated from contagion of this kind. <a 436 d. April 3.
Nullum ex primipilaribus, nullum ex principe cohortalis officii vel ad aliam posse militiam adspirare vel ministeriis sibi contra publicam utilitatem blandiri vel ad quamlibet aliam dignitatem ad praeiudicium praeteriti status accedere concedimus. * theodos. et valentin.
We permit none of the primipilares, none of the princeps of the cohortal office, either to aspire to any other service, or to ingratiate himself with the ministries to his own advantage against the public utility, or to enter upon any other dignity to the prejudice of his former status. * Theodosius and Valentinian.
Quod si contra hanc tam saluberrimam formam vel responsa caelestia quaedam militia aut dignitas audacter eliciatur, pro ingestis haberi, etiamsi speciali adnotatione nostrae indulgentiae eam obtinuisse videatur, nec adsertionem ei quoquo modo patere, qui se memoratis artibus publicae studet commoditati subtrahere, sed statim civitatis unde oriundus est curiae tradi praecipimus. <a 442 ? >
But if, contrary to this most salutary form, either certain celestial responses, or military service or dignity, should be audaciously elicited, it is to be held as foisted; even if by a special annotation of our indulgence it may seem to have obtained it, neither shall adsertion be allowed to him in any way who strives by the aforementioned arts to withdraw himself from the public utility; but we order him at once to be handed over to the curia of the city from which he is sprung. <a 442 ? >
Quisquis cohortalibus adhuc obsequiis obligatus vel regimen provinciae vel cingulum cuiuslibet militiae dignitatisve quoquo modo meruit, ante omnia contra licitum usurpatis impetratisve careat, etiamsi ultronea nostra liberalitate ius gerendae provinciae vel militiae seu dignitatis cuiuspiam sibi iactaverit fuisse delatum. * leo a. constantino pp. * <a 471 d. vi k. ian. constantinopoli leone a. iiii et probiano conss.>
Whoever, still bound to cohortal services, has in any way earned either the governance of a province or the belt of any military service or dignity, shall, before all, be deprived of what has been usurped or obtained contrary to what is lawful—even if, by our spontaneous liberality, he should boast that the right of administering a province or of a military post or some dignity has been conferred upon him. * leo a. to constantine, praetorian prefect. * <a 471 on the 6th day before the Kalends of Jan., at constantinople, in the consulship of leo a., 4, and probianus, consuls.>
Dehinc universis solaciis condicionis quam spreverat defraudatus, ne quid eorum omnino per se vel interpositam personam possit adquirere, primipili tantum munus implere cogatur: mox curialibus civitatis, in qua natus est, in diem vitae suae functionibus inhaesurus, ita scilicet, ut etiam ii, qui post impletam talem militiam quodlibet militiae dignitatisve genus adfectaverint, curiae patriae suae restituantur. <a 471 d. vi k. ian. constantinopoli leone a. iiii et probiano conss.>
Thereafter, deprived of all the solaces of the status which he had spurned, so that he can in no way acquire any of them at all either by himself or through an interposed person, let him be compelled to fulfill only the office of primipilus: soon he shall be fastened for the day of his life to the curial functions of the city in which he was born, namely in such a way that even those who, after completing such military service, have aspired to any kind of military or dignitary rank, shall be restored to the curia of their native country. <a 471, on the 6th day before the Kalends of January, at Constantinople, Leo Augustus for the 4th time and Probianus, consuls.>
Praefectus annonae canonem, qui ad officium suum pertinet, per compulsores suos exigat, et cum officio suo retineatur obnoxius, qui ad implendum canonem devotionis suae exactionem non ostenderit. * arcad. et honor.
Let the Prefect of the Grain-Supply exact the canon, which pertains to his office, through his compulsores (compulsors/enforcers); and let him, together with his officium (office/staff), be held liable, if he shall not have shown the exaction of his devotion for the fulfilling of the canon. * Arcadius and Honorius.
Si quando praefectus praetorio vel vicarius aut rector provinciae significaverit eum, qui chartis ac ratiociniis publicis invenitur obnoxius, ad praeposituram castri ac militum transisse, retractus illi adsignetur officio, a quo ad necessitatem praestandi ratiocinii devocatur: in reiecti vero locum is potissimum destinetur, cui meritorum adstipulentur insignia. * valentin. valens et grat.
If ever the Praetorian Prefect or a Vicarius or the governor of a province shall report that one who is found by public records and accounts to be liable has passed over to the command of a fort and of soldiers, when brought back he shall be assigned to that office to which the necessity of rendering his account calls him; and in the place of the one rejected, let that man above all be appointed whose insignia attest his merits. * Valentinian, Valens and Gratian.
Nullus apparitor amplitudinis tuae vel de officiis palatinis ad eam provinciam, ex qua oriundus est vel in qua collocaverit larem, vel qui iam in huiusmodi officio fuerit commoratus, obtentu publicae necessitatis vel exsecutor privati negotii dirigatur. * grat. valentin.
Let no apparitor of your Highness, or from the palatine offices, be dispatched to that province from which he is native or in which he has established his hearth, nor one who has already been stationed in such an office, under the pretext of public necessity or as the executor of a private business. * grat. valentin.
Etenim officii celsitudinis tuae primiscrinius tres libras auri fisci utilitatibus sine dilatione persolvet, si statuta fuerint temerata: apparitor vero qui huic se muneri passus est deputari, militia spoliabitur. <a 386 d. iii non. dec.
Indeed, the primiscrinius of your Highness’s office shall, without delay, pay three pounds of gold to the interests of the fisc, if the statutes have been violated; but the apparitor who has allowed himself to be assigned to this duty shall be stripped of the militia. <in the year 386, on the 3rd day before the Nones of December.
Haec vero poena etiam ceteris inrogata est, ut, si domesticus aut protector, strator vel agens in rebus vel palatinus utriusque officii vel ad eandem provinciam, in qua natus est, vel ad eam, in qua collocarit larem, cum huiusmodi usurpatione perrexerit, matriculis quidem exemptus ipse, qui se voluit mitti, auri libram unam fisci viribus inferre cogetur, adiutores vero officiorum palatinorum ac numerarii comitum illustrium virorum sive actuarii libram fisci viribus solvant, nisi statuta fuerint custodita. <a 386 d. iii non. dec.
This penalty indeed has also been imposed upon the others, that, if a domesticus or protector, strator or agens in rebus or a palatinus of either office, either to the same province in which he was born or to that in which he has placed his lar, shall have proceeded with a usurpation of this kind, he himself—who wished to have himself sent—shall be removed from the matricules and shall be compelled by the force of the fisc to pay one pound of gold; but the adjutores of the palatine offices and the numerarii of illustrious counts, or the actuarii, shall pay a pound to the fisc by its powers, unless the statutes have been observed. <a 386 d. 3 non. dec.
Quicumque apparitores ob culpam vel neglegentiam fuerint iudicato distincti, ad nullam militiam adspirandi habeant facultatem: nec ex rescripto his ullus aditus reseretur, quos congruit poenae gravissimae subiugari, si contra inhibita quoque sacratissimis constitutis adspirare contempserint. * honor. et theodos.
Whoever apparitors shall have been designated by judicial sentence on account of fault or negligence shall have no capacity of aspiring to any service: nor shall any access be unbarred to them by rescript—those whom it is fitting to be subjected to a most grievous penalty—if they have contemned the prohibitions too in the most sacred constitutions by aspiring contrary to them. * Honorius and Theodosius.
In his officiis, id est virorum spectabilium proconsulis asiae comitis orientis praefecti augustalis et vicariorum, quos etiam monuimus sub viginti interminatione librarum auri, nemo aliter admittatur, nisi eum emissa ex sacris scriniis probatoria consecrarit. * theodos. et valentin.
In these offices, that is, of men of spectabilis rank—the proconsul of Asia, the count of the East, the Augustal prefect, and the vicars—whom also we have admonished under the penalty of twenty pounds of gold, let no one be admitted otherwise, unless a probatory document issued from the Sacred Bureaus has confirmed him. * Theodosius and Valentinian.
Quod si quis talis sub tua fuerit iudicatione convictus, profecto irritis his quae vetita contrectavit etiam congruam indignationem incurret. <a 426 d. x k. iul. nicomediae theodosio xii et valentiniano ii aa. conss.>
But if anyone of this sort has been convicted under your judgment, assuredly, with those things which he handled though forbidden rendered null, he will also incur appropriate indignation. <a 426 on the 10th day before the kalends of july at nicomedia, theodosius 12 and valentinian 2, emperors, consuls.>
Ad splendidioris militiae privilegia, posteaquam priorem continuo labore compleverint, eos venientes admittimus, qui ea voto adipiscendi honoris crediderint expetenda, non eos, qui studio exercendae cupiditatis ambierint, ut velut in meliore fortuna positi aut ea scelera quae prius commusisse doceantur occultent aut alia deinceps possint impune committere. * theodos. et valentin.
To the privileges of the more splendid service, after they have completed the former with continual toil, we admit those who come—who have believed that these are to be sought by a vow to attain honor—not those who have courted them from a zeal for exercising cupidity; so that, as if placed in a better fortune, they either hide the crimes which they are shown to have previously committed, or thereafter can commit others with impunity. * Theodosius and Valentinian.
Viros spectabiles duces eorumque apparitores nec non limitaneos castrorumque praepositos tantummodo ex sublimis tui iudicii sententia conveniri nec aliis subiacere iudicibus praecipimus: illustribus scilicet ac magnificis viris magistris militum consuetudine ac potestate, si qua ad limites aliquos orientis thraciarum et illyrici ex longo tempore hactenus obtinuit, reservata. * leo a. iohanni mag. off.
We order that men of Spectabilis rank, the dukes and their apparitors, as well as the limitanei and the camp commandants, are to be convened only by the decision of your exalted judgment and not be subject to other judges: with the usage and authority of the Illustrious and Magnificent men, the Masters of Soldiers, reserved—namely, whatever, concerning certain frontiers of the East, Thrace, and Illyricum, has up to now long obtained. * leo a. to john, master of the offices.
Probatorias memorialium et agentium in rebus, ceterorum nihilo minus apparitorum praetorianae per orientem amplissimae praefecturae, eorum etiam, qui in diversorum iudicum officiis numerantur, ex sacris probatoriis solito more militiae sacramenta sortiri decernimus, non passim nec licenter solis auctoritatibus vel sacrarum litterarum exemplaribus: sed ex authenticis tantum sacris probatoriis manu nostra subscriptis et nostro arbitrio praestandis, ita ut nullus his dolus aut fraus possit adnecti, de his etiam, qui sunt verae et catholicae fidei, iubemus admitti. * leo a. hilariano mag. off.
We decree that those on the probatoria of the Memorials and of the Agentes in Rebus, and likewise the other apparitors of the most ample Praetorian Prefecture throughout the East, and also those who are counted in the staffs of various judges, are to obtain the oaths of military service from sacred probatoria in the customary manner—not everywhere and at will by mere authorizations or by copies of sacred letters, but only from authentic sacred probatoria subscribed by our hand and to be furnished at our discretion—so that no deceit or fraud can be attached to these; and as to those also who are of the true and catholic faith, we order that they be admitted. * leo aug. to hilarianus, master of the offices.
Aliter vero militantes, nisi ex his sint, quos solis auctoritatibus apparitioni adgregari vetusta consuetudo perdocuit, detecta fraude cuiuscumque accusandi studio non solum mendaci carere militia, sed etiam proscriptionis stilum subire decernimus et bonorum omnium amissione multamus. <a 470 ?>
But otherwise, those in service, unless they be of those whom ancient custom has thoroughly taught are to be enrolled in the apparitorial corps by authorizations alone, if their fraud be detected—springing from anyone’s zeal for accusation—we decree not only to be deprived of their sham service, but also to undergo the pen of proscription, and we punish them with the loss of all their goods. <a 470 ?>
Hac sanctione decernimus, ut in posterum nemini licentia sit edendi exemplaria his, qui sociandi sunt cuicumque militiae, quam sine divinis probatoriis adipisci non possunt, sed periculo primatum uniuscuiusque officii ipsas authenticas sacras, quae divinam nostrae pietatis continent adnotationem, cum subscriptione administrantium, sub quorum iurisdictione consistunt, his qui militare volunt praestari: exemplaribus videlicet earum cum subscriptione eorundem iudicum apud singula quoque officia, prout convenit, reservandis. * leo a. erythrio pp. * <a xxx >
By this sanction we decree that henceforth no one shall have license to issue copies to those who are to be associated with any service, which they cannot attain without divine proofs; but that, under the liability of the chiefs of each office, the sacred originals themselves, which contain the divine annotation of our piety, with the subscription of the administrators under whose jurisdiction they are, be furnished to those who wish to serve: with copies of them, namely, with the subscription of the same judges, being reserved at each office, as is appropriate. * Leo Augustus to Erythrius, Praetorian Prefect. * <a xxx >
Quamvis autem manifestum sit de huiusmodi probatoriarum observatione excepta esse certorum iudicum officia, tamen ne ullius ignorantiae relinquatur occasio, omnium officiorum, quibus necesse est per sacras probatorias militiae sociari, notitiam in sacris apicibus subdendam esse censuimus. <a xxx >
Although, moreover, it is manifest that the offices of certain judges are excepted from the observance of probatories of this kind, nevertheless, lest any occasion for ignorance be left, we have decreed that the notice of all the offices, for which it is necessary to be associated to military service through sacred probatories, is to be subjoined in the sacred headings. <a xxx >
Sub hac igitur observatione omnes, qui sive in hoc sacro palatio nostro sive in aliis quibuscumque officiis deinceps militare cupiunt, qui tamen, ut dictum est, non possunt pro tenore sacrarum constitutionum vel vetere consuetudine nisi praecedentibus sacris probatoriis militiae sociari, sicut subnexa notitia demonstrat, adipisci praecipimus: scientibus his, qui ex aliqua parte praesentis nostrae serenitatis legis formam conventia vel neglegentia quadam colludere temptaverint, non tantum amissione bonorum omnium, sed etiam capitis periculo utpote criminis falsitatis obnoxios semet esse plectendos. <a xxx >
Under this observation, therefore, all who either in this our sacred palace or in whatever other offices henceforth desire to serve, who nevertheless, as has been said, cannot, according to the tenor of the sacred constitutions or ancient consuetude, be associated to the service unless the sacred probatories have preceded, as the subjoined notice demonstrates—we prescribe that they obtain these: with it known to those who shall have attempted in any part, by a compact or by a certain negligence, to collude against the form of the law of our present Serenity, that they are to be punished, as being liable for the crime of falsity, not only by the loss of all their goods, but also by peril to life. <a xxx >
Item scrinii sacrarum epistularum sic: in officiis virorum illustrium praefectorum praetorio orientis et illyrici et urbis, officii proconsulum asiae et achaiae, officii praefecti augustalis, officii comitis orientis, officii comitis divinarum domorum, officii vicariorum thraciae ponti asiae et macedoniae et thesauriensium classis. <a xxx >
Likewise of the scrinium of Sacred Letters thus: in the offices of the Illustrious men, the praetorian prefects of the East and of Illyricum and of the City, the office of the proconsuls of Asia and Achaia, the office of the Augustal Prefect, the office of the Count of the East, the office of the Count of the Divine Houses, the office of the Vicars of Thrace, Pontus, Asia, and Macedonia, and of the Thesauriensian Fleet. <a xxx >
Item scrinii sacrorum libellorum: officii virorum illustrium magistrorum militum utriusque militiae in praesenti, orientis et illyrici, invitatorum, admissionalium, memorialium omniumque paedagogorum, cellariorum, mensorum, lampadariorum eorum, qui sacris scriniis deputati sunt, decanorum partis augustae, cursorum partis augustae, officii virorum spectabilium ducum palaestinae, mesopotamiae, novi limitis phoenices, osrhoenae, syriae et augustae euphratensis, arabiae et thebaidis, libyae, pentapoleos, utriusque armeniae, utriusque ponti, scythiae, mysiae primae, secundae, daciae, pannoniae, officii virorum spectabilium comitum aegypti, pamphyliae, isauriae, lycaoniae et pisidiae. <a xxx >
Likewise of the scrinium of the sacred libelli: of the office of the illustrious men, the masters of soldiers of both services in presence, of the east and of illyricum, of the invitatores, the admissionals, the memorials, and of all the pedagogues, cellarers, mensors, lampadarii of those who are assigned to the sacred scrinia, of the decani of the augustan section, of the cursors of the augustan section, of the office of the most notable men, the duces of palestine, mesopotamia, the new frontier of phoenice, osrhoene, syria and augusta euphratensis, arabia and thebais, libya, pentapolis, both armenias, both pontus, scythia, mysia the first, the second, dacia, pannonia, of the office of the most notable men, the counts of egypt, pamphylia, isauria, lycaonia and pisidia. <a xxx >
Ne per diversas provinciarum partes aut palatinus exactor accederet aut illustrium virorum apparitor vagaretur vel militaris terror inferret formidinem, hac lege sancimus, ut omnis memoratis intentio ad provinciae rectorem sit, cum eo agant, illo insistente disponente et agnoscente suo periculo rem peragant et impleant universa. * arcad. et honor.
Lest, through the diverse parts of the provinces, either a palatine exactor should approach, or an apparitor of illustrious men should wander, or a military terror should bring in dread, we sanction by this law that all action concerning the aforesaid be directed to the governor of the province; let them deal with him, and, with him insisting, arranging, and acknowledging at his own peril, let them carry through the matter and complete everything. * Arcadius and Honorius.
Quicumque e palatio nostro cuiuslibet tituli ad provincias commeaverit compulsor exactor admonitor portitorve praecepti, agens in rebus vel palatinus vel apparitor illustrium potestatum, hoc tantum potestatis adripiat, quod mandatum curae suae specialiter approbatur, nec quod iniunctum alteri fuit collegii iure praesumat, ne, dum hoc sibi invicem mutui officii licentia partiuntur, agant cuncti, quod singulis credebatur. * arcad. et honor.
Whoever from our palace, of whatever title, has traveled to the provinces—a compeller, a collector, an admonisher, or a bearer of an order; an agens in rebus or a palatine, or an apparitor of illustrious powers—let him seize only so much authority as the mandate specially approved to his charge warrants, and let him not presume, by right of collegiality, what was enjoined upon another, lest, while by the license of mutual office they apportion this among themselves, all do what was entrusted to individuals. * Arcadius and Honorius.
Sive ex praetoriano officio sive illustris comitivae sedis largitionum nec non et rei privatae nostrae vel ex quacumque apparitione ad quamcumque necessitatem profligandam quis fuerit destinatus, sciat intra anni metas debere collectis ratiociniis ad proprium iudicem remeare eique suam efficaciam ostendere, quid eius instantia exactum fuerit quidve in debitis habetur vel penes quos resederit vel cuius culpa aut causa in eadem provincia fuerit derelictum. * honor. et theodos.
Whether from the praetorian office or from the illustrious retinue of the seat of the largitions and also of our Res Privata, or from whatever apparitorial staff to dispatch whatever necessity anyone shall have been appointed, let him know that within the bounds of a year, with the reckonings collected, he ought to return to his proper judge and show him his efficacy: what by his insistence has been exacted, and what is held among debts, or with whom it has remained, or by whose fault or cause in the same province it has been left. * honor. et theodos.
Quod si exacto spatio anni eius regionis visceribus praedator insidens deprehensus fuerit remorari, tunc absolutus cingulo militia abicietur, primoribus eius militiae decem librarum auri multa proposita. <a 416 d.X k.Oct.Ravennae theodosio a.Vii et palladio conss.>
But if, with the space of a year completed, a marauder lurking in the interior of that region shall be discovered to be lingering, then, stripped of the belt, he shall be cast out from military service, with a fine of ten pounds of gold set upon the chiefs of his service. <a 416 on the 10th day before the Kalends of October [September 22], at Ravenna, in the consulship of Theodosius for the 7th time and Palladius.>
Si redire dissimulet, per vices officiorum ligatus ferreis nexibus cura provincialis officii ad debitum mittatur examen nec ei liberum sit, ut hoc se privilegio aut occasione defendat, quod sibi aliud negotium vel aliam necessitatem post iniunctam esse causetur, cum isdem licentiam auferamus in eadem provincia continuare exactionem. <a 416 d.X k.Oct.Ravennae theodosio a.Vii et palladio conss.>
If he should dissimulate his return, let him, bound with iron bonds, by the turns of the offices and under the supervision of the provincial office, be sent to the due examination; nor let it be permitted to him to defend himself by this privilege or pretext, namely that he alleges some other business or another necessity befell him after the commission was enjoined, since we remove from these same men the license to continue the exaction in the same province. <a 416 d.10 k.Oct.Ravennae theodosio a.7 et palladio conss.>
Contra nostra praecepta si quisquam vetito ausu exsecutor audebit, licebit provinciae moderatori eundem correptum ad sublimitatis tuae iudicium sub prosecutione dirigere, licebit provinciali, etsi probatur obnoxius, exsecutoris contra vetitum exactionem sibi vindicantis temeritatem legitime repellere. * theodos. et valentin.
If any executor shall dare, with forbidden audacity, against our precepts, it shall be permitted to the moderator of the province to direct the same man, apprehended, to the judgment of your Sublimity under prosecution; it shall be permitted to the provincial (subject), even if he is proved liable, to lawfully repel the temerity of an executor claiming to himself an exaction against the prohibition. * theodos. and valentin.
Sancimus, ut eum, cui ex iudicio tui culminis quocumque modo sive studio numerariorum aut tractatorum vel ipsorum iussu, qui pro tempore amplissimae tuae sedis administrationem suscipiunt, exactio publicarum pecuniarum iniungatur, minime prius liceat aliam sollicitudinem gerendam suscipere, antequam reversus iniunctae sibi causae responsum praebuerit. * zeno a. arcadio pp. * <a 485-486 ? >
We ordain that anyone upon whom, by the judgment of your eminence, in whatever manner—whether through the zeal of the numerarii or of the tractatores, or by the order of those themselves who for the time take up the administration of your most ample see—the exaction of public monies is imposed, is by no means to be permitted to assume any other concern to be administered before, on returning, he has furnished a response in the matter enjoined upon him. * Zeno Augustus to Arcadius, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 485-486 ? >
Si tamen ita sors tulerit, ut in ea provincia, ad quam exsequendi causa publici negotii aliquis proficiscitur, alia quoque causa sit exsequenda, non prohiberi unum eundemque exsecutorem ab hac urbe regia proficiscentem duorum simul, non plurium negotiorum exsecutionem suscipere, dum ipsi quoque tertii negotii non sit iniungendi, antequam superioribus responsum portaverit. <a 485-486 ? >
If, however, the lot should so bear, that in the province to which someone sets out for the purpose of executing a public business there is also another cause to be executed, let it not be forbidden that one and the same executor, departing from this royal city, undertake the execution of two matters at once—no more—provided also that a third business is not laid upon him before he has brought back a report for the former ones. <a 485-486 ? >
Praeter sollemnes et canonicas pensitationes multa a provincialibus indignissime postulantur ab officialibus et scholasticis non modo in civitatibus singulis, sed et mansionibus, dum ipsis et animalibus eorundem alimoniae sine pretio ministrantur. * constantius a. eubulidae vic. africae.
Besides the customary and canonical payments, many things are most unworthily demanded from the provincials by the officials and scholastics, not only in the individual cities, but also at the posting-stations, while sustenance for themselves and their animals is furnished without price. * constantius a. to eubulides, vicar of africa.
Utilitas publica praeferenda est privatorum contractibus: et ideo si constiterit fisco satisfactum esse ob causam primipili, poteris obligatam tibi possessionem dotis titulo petere, ut satis doti fieri possit. * diocl. et maxim.
The public utility is to be preferred to the contracts of private persons: and therefore, if it is established that the fisc has been satisfied on account of the matter of a primipilus, you can demand the possession pledged to you under the title of dowry, so that satisfaction may be made to the dowry. * diocletian and maximian.
Cum ex sola primipili causa liberos, etiam si patribus heredes non existant, teneri divus aurelianus sanxerit, si neque successistis patri vestro nec quicquam ex bonis eius tenetis, consequens est a paternis creditoribus vos non conveniri. * diocl. et maxim.
Since the deified Aurelian decreed that children be held liable on the sole ground of the primipilate, even if they are not heirs to their fathers, if you have neither succeeded to your father nor hold anything of his goods, it follows that you are not to be proceeded against by the paternal creditors. * diocl. and maxim.
Quidquid nostrorum umquam nuntiari coeperit prosperorum, bella si desinent, si oriuntur victoriae, fastis si honor datus fuerit regalium trabearum, compositae pacis si erit efferenda tranquillitas, sacros vultus inhiantibus si forte populis inferimus, haec sine immodico pretio nuntiari excipique sancimus. * grat. valentin.
Whatever of our prosperous events shall begin to be announced, if wars cease, if victories arise, if an honor of the royal trabeae has been given to the official annals, if the tranquillity of a composed peace is to be proclaimed, if by chance we bring our sacred countenances to peoples who gape for them, we decree that these be announced and received without an immoderate price. * grat. valentin.
Quod si id sacrilega fuerit dissimulatione violatum, et accipientem pudoris fortunarumque manebit excidium et cogentem par poena multabit et officium triginta librarum auri vexatione quatiatur. <a 383 d. iiii non. febr.
But if it has been violated by sacrilegious dissimulation, the recipient shall incur the destruction of his honor and fortunes, and the one compelling shall be mulcted with an equal penalty, and the office shall be shaken by the exaction of thirty pounds of gold. <a 383 on the 4th day before the Nones of February.