Falcone di Benevento: FALCONE DI BENEVENTO CHRONICON BENEVENTANUM

[1102.1.1] . . . apud urbem Romanam eum ab honore privabat, quin etiam animos Beneventanorum sepissime incitabat, ne preter licentiam domini papae archiepiscopatui consentirent. [1102.1.2] Tandem concives huiuscemodi deliramenta aspicientes, nec mora, fere centum nobilium et bonorum hominum Romam miserunt, dominum papam precantes, ut pastorem electum corroborare dignaretur. [1102.1.3] Illi autem abeuntes coram omnibus, videlicet in sacrosancta synodo, quam constituerat, eum indesinenter postulavere; quod minime obtinere valuerunt.

[1102.1.1] . . . at the city of Rome he was depriving him of honor, nay even he was very often inciting the spirits of the Beneventans, that they should not consent to the archiepiscopate beyond the license of the lord pope. [1102.1.2] At length the fellow-citizens, beholding deliraments of this kind, without delay sent to Rome nearly a hundred nobles and good men, beseeching the lord pope to deign to corroborate the elected pastor. [1102.1.3] But they, going before all, namely in the sacrosanct synod which he had constituted, demanded him without cease; which they were by no means able to obtain.

[1102.1.4] Videntes autem hoc, qui missi fuerant, indeque reversi corda aliorum movebant dicentes, quod patres, avos, proavos nostros tantam iniuriam passos nunquam fuisse. [1102.1.5] Sed quid plura? Qui ex parte Risonis videbantur, arma et belli apparatus super campanili imposuerunt; audierant enim, quod Petrus ipse Portuensis episcopus coniurationem fecisset, ut thesauros ecclesiae et eius bona virtute vellet diripere.

[1102.1.4] But seeing this, those who had been sent, and returning thence, were stirring the hearts of the others, saying that our fathers, grandfathers, great-grandfathers had never suffered so great an injury. [1102.1.5] But why more? Those who seemed to be on Riso’s side placed arms and the apparatus of war upon the campanile; for they had heard that Peter himself, the bishop of Porto, had made a conspiracy, to the end that by force he wished to plunder the treasures of the church and its goods.

[1102.1.6] Tunc episcopus ipse in coclerio arma imponi aspiciens, tristis effectus suos vocari precepit fideles, quatenus consulerent, quid super hoc tanto talique negotio fieri debuisset. [1102.1.7] Interim bellum inchoatum est, eo quod pars episcopi in campanili ascendens palatium Dacomarii, in quo episcopus ille morabatur, fortiter expugnabat, et episcopi auxiliarii de turre Dacomarii pugnantes invicem crudeliter preliati sunt; duo quidem iuvenes in ipso conflictu animas redidere. [1102.1.8] Postremo, nocte adveniente, videns se episcopus ipse circumventum, medio noctis silentio monasterium Sanctae Sophiae cum quibusdam ascendit, ibique tempore non multo commoratus est.

[1102.1.6] Then the bishop himself, seeing arms being set in the spiral-stair, became sad and ordered his faithful to be called, so that they might take counsel what ought to be done about so great and such a business. [1102.1.7] Meanwhile war was begun, because the bishop’s party, ascending into the campanile, was stoutly assaulting the palace of Dacomarius, in which that bishop was staying, and the bishop’s auxiliaries, fighting from the tower of Dacomarius, cruelly fought one another; indeed two youths in the very conflict gave up their souls. [1102.1.8] At last, with night coming on, the bishop himself, seeing himself surrounded, in the silence of midnight ascended with certain men to the monastery of Saint Sophia, and there did not tarry for a long time.

[1102.1.9] Preterea cives metu coacti timentes, ne episcopus ille eos apud dominum papam affligeret, eum coegerunt, quoadusque eis fidem sacramento preberet, quod facturum promisit, oravitque dominum papam, ut rectorem mitteret; qui Rossemannum monachum rectorem iterato constituit.

[1102.1.9] Moreover, the citizens, compelled by fear, fearing lest that bishop should afflict them before the lord pope, forced him until he would proffer to them a pledge of faith by an oath, which he promised he would do; and he entreated the lord pope to send a rector, who appointed Rossemannus, a monk, rector again.

[1103.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo tertio, duodecimae indictionis.

[1103.1.1] In the year 1103, of the twelfth indiction.

[1104.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo quarto, tertiae decimae indictionis.

[1104.1.1] In the year 1104, of the thirteenth indiction.

[1105.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo quinto, quartae decimae indictionis. [1105.1.2] Mense Ianuario et Februario nix magna fuit, et fluminum inundatio, et stella cometes ad occasum apparuit: triduo enim post venit papa Beneventum.

[1105.1.1] In the year 1105, of the fourteenth indiction. [1105.1.2] In January and February there was great snow, and an inundation of the rivers, and a comet-star appeared toward the west: for three days later the pope came to Benevento.

[1106.1.1] Sequenti anno obiit Henricus Teutonicorum rex

[1106.1.1] In the following year Henry, king of the Teutons, died

[1107.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo septimo, mense Septembris prima indictione. [1107.1.2] Obiit prefatus Roffridus Beneventanus archiepiscopus, qui sedit triginta annis et uno, mensibus duobus, diebus viginti.

[1107.1.1] In the year 1107, in the month of September, in the first indiction. [1107.1.2] The aforesaid Roffridus, archbishop of Benevento, died, who sat for thirty-one years, two months, twenty days.

[1107.2.1] In hoc anno, ipso mense Septembris, obiit abbas Madelmus, et hoc mense Septembris electus est Bernardus abbas in festivitate sancti Angeli.

[1107.2.1] In this year, in that same month of September, Abbot Madelmus died, and in this month of September Bernard was elected abbot on the feast of the Holy Angel.

[1108.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo octavo, secunda indictione. [1108.1.2] Sterilitas vini mortalitasque animalium. [1108.1.3] Et papa Paschalis venit Beneventum, qui mense Novembri ordinavit Landulphum archiepiscopum.

[1108.1.1] In the year 1108, in the second indiction. [1108.1.2] A sterility of wine and a mortality of animals. [1108.1.3] And Pope Paschal came to Benevento, who in the month of November ordained Landulf archbishop.

[1109.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo nono, tertiae indictionis. [1109.1.2] Obiit Formatus. [1109.1.3] Pascha accidit septimo kalendas Maias, et secundo die intrante mensis Novembris combustus est thesaurus Sanctae Mariae.

[1109.1.1] In the year 1109, of the third indiction. [1109.1.2] Formatus died. [1109.1.3] Easter befell on the seventh day before the Kalends of May, and on the second day as the month of November was beginning, the treasury of Saint Mary was burned.

[1110.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo decimo, quartae indictionis. [1110.1.2] Henricus rex venit Romam, qui fraude et dolo papam Paschalem cepit, et cardinales, mense Februario.

[1110.1.1] In the year 1110, of the fourth indiction. [1110.1.2] King Henry came to Rome, who by fraud and deceit seized Pope Paschal, and the cardinals, in the month of February.

[1110.2.1] Eodem mense dux Rogerius obiit, et Boamundus germanus suus.

[1110.2.1] In the same month Duke Roger died, and Bohemond, his brother.

[1111.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo undecimo, quintae indictionis.

[1111.1.1] In the year 1111, of the fifth indiction.

[1112.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo duodecimo, sextae indictionis, mense Martio. [1112.1.2] Papa Paschalis faciens Romae synodum fregit pactum, quod fecerat cum Henrico rege.

[1112.1.1] In the year 1112, of the sixth indiction, in the month of March. [1112.1.2] Pope Paschal, holding a synod at Rome, broke the pact which he had made with King Henry.

[1112.2.1] Hoc anno inceptum est edificari oratorium Sancti Bartholomei Apostoli.

[1112.2.1] In this year the oratory of Saint Bartholomew the Apostle began to be built.

[1112.3.1] His et aliis ita decursis, cernentes Beneventani se variis predarum doloribus affligi, consilio habito, Landulphum archiepiscopum et Ioannem iudicem ad prefatum Apostolicum delegaverunt, quatenus cives illos tanta oppressos calamitate ad portum salutis erigere dignaretur, precipue cum plerique Beneventanorum civitatem intrinsecis conspirationibus sepe turbavissent, scilicet quod alii Landulphum Burrellum, alii Ansonem civitatis rectorem sine domini papae voluntate constituere satagebant. [1112.3.2] Apostolicus autem haec audiens, nec mora, secundo die intrante mensis Decembris advenit Beneventum, qui mense Februario synodum constituit. [1112.3.3] Synodo autem facta, cum in Sacro Beneventano palatio assisteret, predictamque conspirationem factam pro parte illius Landulphi Burrelli deprehendens, concives vocari iussit, a quibus, quid agendum esset super hoc tanto et tali negotio, subtiliter sciscitatus est, dummodo, ut diximus, coniuratio illa ad traditionem civitatis et detrimentum fore videbatur, et quod quidam civium pro ipsius Landulphi auxilio turres portae Summae noctu cepissent; indeque munitionum ipsarum custodes eicientes una tantum nocte eas virtute tenuerunt; tandem, Deo opitulante, et Beneventanorum complurium fidelium solatio, quorum mens erat sanior, turres ipsae vindicatae sunt, et Beato Petro restitutae.

[1112.3.1] With these and other things thus run their course, the Beneventans, perceiving themselves to be afflicted by various pains of plunderings, having held counsel, delegated Landulf the archbishop and John the judge to the aforesaid Apostolic, to the end that he might deign to raise those citizens, oppressed by so great a calamity, to the harbor of salvation, especially since many of the Beneventans had often disturbed the city by internal conspiracies, namely that some were striving to constitute Landulf Burrellus, others Anso, as rector of the city without the will of the lord pope. [1112.3.2] But the Apostolic, hearing these things, without delay, on the second day as the month of December was beginning, came to Benevento, and in the month of February he established a synod. [1112.3.3] But the synod having been held, when he was standing in the Sacred Beneventan palace, and detecting that the aforesaid conspiracy had been made on behalf of that Landulf Burrellus, he ordered the fellow-citizens to be summoned, and from them, what ought to be done concerning this so great and such a business, he inquired subtly, inasmuch as, as we said, that conspiracy seemed to be for the betrayal of the city and for its detriment, and that certain of the citizens, for the aid of that Landulf, had seized by night the towers of the Gate Summa; and thence, casting out the custodians of those fortifications, for only a single night they held them by force; at length, God helping, and with the solace of many faithful of the Beneventans, whose mind was sounder, the towers themselves were vindicated, and restored to Blessed Peter.

[1112.3.4] At cives ipsi tale domino papae tale dedere responsum ut, quos suspectos haberet, vocaret et ab eis iustitiam pleniter sumeret. [1112.3.5] Quid multa? Curia ordinata, vocantur malorum fautores, vocantur suspecti; tandem, legitime sententia extensa, quosdam captos vidimus, quosdam eiectos, et domos quorumdam fisco deditas, quorumdam destructas.

[1112.3.4] But the citizens themselves gave the lord pope this answer: that he should summon those whom he held suspect and take justice fully from them. [1112.3.5] In short, the court being convened, the favorers of evildoers are called, the suspects are called; at length, the sentence being lawfully pronounced, we saw some seized, some expelled, and the houses of some given over to the fisc, and the houses of some destroyed.

[1113.1.1] Istis taliter actis, anno videlicet centesimo tertio decimo supra millesimo, et quarto decimo anno pontificatus supradicti domini papae, mense Martio, sextae indictionis, dominus ipse Apostolicus civitatem Beneventanam variis predarum persecutionibus ex omni parte oppressam aspiciens, et civium bona a Normandis undique vicinantibus cotidie distrahi et confundi cognoscens, consilio habito, Landulphum de Greca militem prudentem et solertem comestabulum Beneventanorum instituit quatenus, Deo adiuvante, et ipsius prudentia, civitas a predarum solita confusione, quae sepissime imminebat, et a conspirationum seditione contra dominum papam crebro erecta secura in progenie et progenies consisteret. [1113.1.2] Cognoverat enim eum prudentem et animosum, sagacisque ingenii virum, cuius auxilio et solertia nedum Beneventanorum populus sibi ad regendum commissus, verum etiam pleraque Longobardorum habitatio a Normandorum servitute affligentium eripi et liberari confidebat. [1113.1.3] Erat quippe Landulphus ipse bellicosi spiritus, et minorum iniurias non patiens inimicis omnibus cotidie minabatur; nam si quis inimicorum illi iniuriam vel predam inferret, mori prius velle desiderabat, quam impunitus aliquo modo inimicus recederet.

[1113.1.1] With these matters thus done, namely in the year 1113, and in the 14th year of the pontificate of the aforesaid lord pope, in the month of March, of the 6th indiction, the lord himself the Apostolic, seeing the city of Benevento oppressed on every side by various persecutions of plunders, and learning that the goods of the citizens were daily being dragged off and ruined by Normans dwelling round about on every side, having taken counsel, appointed Landulf of Greca, a prudent and adroit soldier, as constable of the Beneventans, to the end that, God aiding, and by his prudence, the city might stand secure from the usual confusion of plunders, which very often threatened, and from the sedition of conspiracies against the lord pope often raised up, for its progeny and descendants. [1113.1.2] For he had known him to be prudent and high-spirited, a man of sagacious wit, by whose help and resourcefulness he trusted that not only the people of the Beneventans committed to him for governance, but even a great part of the habitation of the Lombards, might be snatched and freed from the servitude of the Normans afflicting them. [1113.1.3] Indeed, that same Landulf was of a bellicose spirit, and, not tolerating the injuries of the lesser, he threatened all enemies daily; for if any of the enemies inflicted upon him an injury or a plunder, he desired to die first, rather than that the enemy should depart unpunished in any way.

[1113.1.4] Quid plura? Landulphus ipse comestabulus ex omni parte virtute et scientia redimitus colla nulli minantium flectere dignabatur. [1113.1.5] Cumque, sicut predictum est, Landulphus ille comestabiliae honorem a supradicto domino papa Paschali acciperet, videns castellum, quod quidam Robertus, qui Sclavus cognominabatur, in monte Sableta construxerat, vir omnis malitiae et nequitiae studio repletus, anxiando cum eo locutus est, ut castellum illud destrueretur.

[1113.1.4] What more? That very Landulph the constable, adorned on every side with virtue and knowledge, did not deign to bend his neck to the threatenings of any. [1113.1.5] And when, as has been said, that Landulph received the honor of the constableship from the aforesaid lord Pope Paschal, seeing a castle which a certain Robert, who was surnamed the Slav, had constructed on Mount Sableta—a man filled with zeal for every malice and wickedness—he spoke with him urgently, that that castle be destroyed.

[1113.1.6] Ob Beneventanorum enim guerram et inimicitias civitatis castellum illud Robertus ipse construxerat mirabile valdeque laboriosum; ex cuius castri residentibus multa cives opprobria damnorumque copiam perpessi fuerant, ita quidem quod quidam concivium pro ipsius castelli edificio predia et possessiones, quas circa eundem montem habuerunt, perdidere. [1113.1.7] Castello itaque mirabiliter constructo, villani residentes cum ipsius Roberti servientibus quandoque Beneventanos capiebant quandoque, quod crudelius est, peregrinis vitam cum eorum bonis auferebant. [1113.1.8] Predictus igitur Apostolicus haec Romae audiens Robertum illum excommunicavit, dum castellum illud civitati contrarium delevisset; quod facere ipse Robertus contempsit.

[1113.1.6] For on account of the Beneventans’ war and the enmities of the city, that castle Robert himself had constructed—marvelous and very laborious; and from the residents of that castle the citizens had suffered many opprobriums and a copiousness of damages, so much so that certain fellow-citizens, for the building of that castle, lost the landed-estates and possessions which they had around that same mountain. [1113.1.7] The castle therefore having been marvelously constructed, the resident villeins together with Robert’s sergeants sometimes seized Beneventans, sometimes—which is more cruel—took from pilgrims their life along with their goods. [1113.1.8] The aforesaid Apostolic, therefore, hearing these things at Rome, excommunicated that Robert, until he should have destroyed that castle adverse to the city; which Robert himself scorned to do.

[1113.1.9] Quid plura? Landulphus ipse de Greca comestabulus ordinatus cum predicto Roberto pactum incipiens, quod cum predicto papa facere noluerat, castellum illud destruxit, et funditus delevit, duobus videlicet equis optimis et ducentis solidis datis. [1113.1.10] Deinde Landulphus ipse comestabulus pactum cum comite Iordano sacramento affirmans, cotidie virtutibus et laudis preconio attollebatur.

[1113.1.9] What more? Landulphus himself, appointed constable of the Greca, entering upon a pact with the aforesaid Robert, which he had been unwilling to make with the aforesaid pope, destroyed that castle and utterly razed it, namely with two excellent horses and 200 solidi having been given. [1113.1.10] Then Landulphus the constable himself, affirming by oath the pact with Count Jordan, was daily exalted for his virtues and by the proclamation of praise.

[1113.2.1] Robertus itaque princeps, et Robertus et Iordanus comites, et castellum illud sic destructum et Landulphum illum comestabulum de die in diem virtute et divitiis repleri aspicientes, invidiae telo gentis ex odio Longobardorum perculsi, putantes se illius prudentia exeredari, cum omnibus Normandis ex omni parte vicinantibus coniuravere, affirmantes se guerram Beneventi facturos, et predam, donec Landulphus ipse Beneventanorum comestabulus videretur. [1113.2.2] Sacramento ipso taliter confirmato, innumeris cum militibus et peditibus super Beneventum venerunt, duodecimo die intrante mensis Augusti, et in monte, qui Guardia dicitur, die una tantum ac nocte castrametati sunt, credentes et illum eicere, et civitatem omnino depopulari; sed die ipso, quo applicuerunt, bellum inchoantes et superati sunt, et quidam eorum capti. [1113.2.3] Nocte autem insecuta, timore celesti et Beneventanorum terribiliter commoti, more latronum per devia fugientes, existimabant se nocte ipsa a Beneventanis capi, et turpiter teneri, ita quidem ut, sicut ex ore eorum complurium narrantium auditum est, si comestabulus ipse cum Beneventanorum et militum caterva ecclesiam Sancti Angeli ad Crucem transcenderet, vel vocis alicuius sonitus audiretur, et hostes et hostium apparatus, stipendia Beneventanorum in manibus procul dubio traderetur.

[1113.2.1] Therefore Prince Robert, and Robert and Jordan the counts, seeing that that castle had thus been destroyed and that Landulf that constable was being filled from day to day with virtue and riches, struck by the dart of envy of the nation, out of hatred for the Lombards, thinking themselves to be disinherited by his prudence, conspired with all the Normans dwelling nearby on every side, affirming that they would make war against Benevento and plunder, until Landulf himself should be seen as constable of the Beneventans. [1113.2.2] The very oath having been thus confirmed, they came with innumerable knights and foot-soldiers upon Benevento, on the twelfth day of the month of August, and on the mountain which is called Guardia they encamped for only one day and night, believing both that they would cast him out and utterly depopulate the city; but on the very day on which they arrived, beginning the battle, they were overcome, and some of them were captured. [1113.2.3] But on the following night, terribly dismayed by heavenly fear and by the Beneventans, fleeing like brigands by bypaths, they supposed that on that very night they would be seized by the Beneventans and held in disgrace, to such a degree, indeed, that—as was heard from the mouth of many of them relating it—if the constable himself with a band of Beneventans and soldiers should cross to the church of Saint Michael at the Cross, or the sound of any voice should be heard, both the enemies and the equipment of the enemies, the stipends for the Beneventans, would without doubt be handed over into their hands.

[1113.3.1] Illis autem Normandis sic abeuntibus, Landulphus ipse de Greca comestabulus, inimicorum non ferens impugnationes, vicem redens pro acceptis, haud mora, militum fere centum octuaginta numero armatorum collecto et civium circiter quatuor milia multitidine congregata, castellum, quod Terra Rubea dicitur, adivit, quod igne ferroque terratenus prostravit. [1113.3.2] Ipsius namque castri incendio Robertus quidam, de Sicilia dictus, combustus obiit; sicque innumarabilem animalium et aliarum rerum substantiam Beneventi magno cum gaudio perduxere. [1113.3.3] Non post multum vero temporis iterum, collecta equitum et concivium cohorte, Landulphus ipse castellum Apicem insilivit, cuius castri et molendina destruxit, et predam animalium secum gaudens asportavit.

[1113.3.1] But with those Normans thus going away, Landulf himself, the constable of the Greca, not bearing the assaults of his enemies, paying back in turn for what he had received, without delay, nearly one hundred eighty armored soldiers having been gathered and a multitude of citizens of about four thousand assembled, he went to the castle which is called Terra Rubea, which he laid down to the ground with fire and iron. [1113.3.2] For in the burning of that castle a certain Robert, called from Sicily, died consumed; and thus they brought to Benevento with great joy an innumerable stock of animals and other goods. [1113.3.3] Not after much time indeed, again, a cohort of horsemen and fellow citizens having been collected, Landulf himself leapt upon the castle Apicem, whose castle’s mills he destroyed, and, rejoicing, he carried off with him the booty of animals.

[1113.4.1] His omnibus ita perfectis, guerra Normandorum, quorum mentionem fecimus, durius incepta est; in qua innumeram auri et argenti copiam, et equorum, distribuit. [1113.4.2] Interea, dum comestabulus ipse militum cum caterva prope pontem Serretellae pro inimicorum insidiis custodisset, en adsunt equites Roberti comitis fere quinquaginta, qui et pro dolo civitatis inter fruteta morabantur. [1113.4.3] Quid dicam?

[1113.4.1] With all these things thus brought to completion, the war of the Normans, of whom we have made mention, was begun more harshly; in it he distributed an innumerable store of gold and silver, and of horses. [1113.4.2] Meanwhile, while the constable himself of the soldiery, with a band, had kept watch near the bridge of Serretella for the enemies’ ambushes, lo, there appear the knights of Count Robert, about fifty, who also, for a stratagem against the city, were lingering among the thickets. [1113.4.3] What shall I say?

Insidiis ex utraque parte propalatis, conflictus inter eos habitus est; tandem, Dei misericordia superveniente, pars inimicorum terga vertens in fugam conversa est, adeo quod de eorum equitibus duodecim captivos comestabulus ipse armis eorum duxit.

With ambushes on both sides having been disclosed, a conflict was held between them; at length, the mercy of God supervening, the enemy party, turning their backs, was turned to flight, to such a degree that the constable himself led twelve of their horsemen captive, with their arms.

[1113.5.1] Preterea, sicut diximus, guerra ex utraque parte fortiter inchoata, sepissime hinc et inde depredatum est. [1113.5.2] Contingit autem die quadam, Rao, qui dominus erat castelli Ceppalunis, cum Landulpho Burrello et aliis fere centum quinquaginta militibus et peditum multitudine ad frangendam, ut ita dicam, arcaturiam ivisset. [1113.5.3] Cumque comestabulus sic frangentes eos flumen Sabbati vidisset, tantam non ferens audaciam, in medium campi ad ecclesiam Sanctorum Septem Fratrum stipatus militum collegio exiit, ubi adinvicem decertatum est; sed peccatis supervenientibus, pars comestabuli ab insidiis inimicorum decepta per planitiem illam persecuta corruit, ita quod duodecim milites civitatis nobiles omni armorum apparatu retenti sunt.

[1113.5.1] Moreover, as we have said, the war, stoutly commenced on either side, was very frequently depredated on this side and on that. [1113.5.2] It happened on a certain day that Rao, who was lord of the castle of Ceppaluni, together with Landulf Burrell and about 150 knights and a multitude of foot-soldiers, had gone to break, so to speak, the blockade. [1113.5.3] And when the constable saw them thus breaking it at the river Sabato, not bearing such audacity, he went out into the middle of the field to the church of the Holy Seven Brothers, escorted by a company of soldiers, where they contended with one another; but, sins supervening, the constable’s party, deceived by the ambushes of the enemies, pursuing across that plain, fell in rout, such that twelve noble knights of the city, with every apparatus of arms, were detained.

[1113.6.1] Istis omnibus et aliis sic decursis, inimici omnes, qui pro guerra coniuraverant, videntes comestabulum ipsum colla eis non flectentem eis potius minari, et Beneventanos eum et eius precepta iugiter sectari, ceperunt civitatem plus solito distringere precipientes ut, omnes quas possent, vineae circum astantes inciderentur; quod et factum est; insuper pauperes aliosque viros, quos invenirent, capere: sententia quorum divulgata, plerique hominum capti sunt.

[1113.6.1] With all these things and others thus run their course, all the enemies who had conspired for war, seeing the constable himself not bending his neck to them but rather threatening them, and that the Beneventans were continually following him and his precepts, began to distrain the city more than usual, ordering that all the vineyards standing around, as many as they could, be cut down; which indeed was done; moreover, to seize the poor and other men whom they found: the report of which, being spread abroad, the greater part of the people were taken.

[1114.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo quarto decimo, mense Martio, septimae indictionis. [1114.1.2] Dum vineae sic incidebantur et capiebantur homines, Beneventanorum quidam invidiae gladio compulsi miserunt ad predictum papam Landulphum archiepiscopum et Rachisium Sancti Modesti abbatem, ut ei necessitatem, ex omni parte quam patiebantur, intimarent. [1114.1.3] Ipsi autem abeuntes, quam viderant, afflictionem domino papae patefecerunt, eum lacrimando precantes, ut gregi commisso sicut pastor bonus subvenire dignaretur.

[1114.1.1] In the year 1114, in the month of March, of the seventh indiction. [1114.1.2] While the vineyards were thus being cut down and men were being seized, certain of the Beneventans, compelled by the sword of envy, sent to the aforesaid pope Landulf the archbishop and Rachisius, abbot of Saint Modestus, that they might intimate to him the necessity, on every side, which they were suffering. [1114.1.3] But they, departing, laid open to the lord pope the affliction which they had seen, begging him with tears that he would deign to come to the aid of the flock committed to him, as a good pastor.

[1114.1.4] Necessitate etenim domino papae ostensa, eis precepit, ut pacem civitati, prout melius potuissent, facerent, et pauperibus subvenirent, ne Petrus Apostolus civitatem acquisitam occasione ista perderet; quicquid autem de pacis consilio invenissent, ipsi remitterent. [1114.1.5] Archiepiscopus vero Roma reversus, aliter quam acceperat, faciens, misit Landulpho comestabulo dicens ut, condolens necessitatis pauperum, comestabiliam poneret, quoadusque dominus papa Beneventum veniret. [1114.1.6] Postea vero aut pretio, servitiisve seu civium precibus papam ipsum precarentur, eumque honori pristino rederent, dummodo Normandi pacem facere nolint, sacramento, ut dictum est, eorum interveniente.

[1114.1.4] When the necessity had been shown to the lord pope, he instructed them to make peace for the city, as best they could, and to aid the poor, lest Peter the Apostle lose the city he had acquired on this occasion; and whatever counsel of peace they should discover, they were to send back to him. [1114.1.5] The archbishop, however, returning from Rome, acting otherwise than he had received, sent to Landulf the Constable, saying that, commiserating the necessity of the poor, he should impose the constabulary until the lord pope should come to Benevento. [1114.1.6] Afterwards, indeed, by price, or by services, or by the citizens’ prayers, they should beseech the pope himself, and restore him to his former honor, provided that the Normans are unwilling to make peace, with their oath, as has been said, intervening.

[1114.1.7] Landulphus autem hoc audiens comestabulus in Sacro Beneventano palatio coram Beati Petri fidelibus respondens ait, se nunquam comestabiliam dimissurum, nisi manu ad manum captus esset, et virtute retentus; insuper videre vellet, quam Normandi pacem Beneventanis facere voluissent, et domino papae pacem ipsam descriptam delegaret; quicquid autem de pace preciperet vel comestabilia ponenda ipse dominus papa, coram omnibus faceret.

[1114.1.7] But Landulf the constable, hearing this, in the Sacred Beneventan palace, answering before the faithful of Blessed Peter, said that he would never dismiss the constabulary, unless he were seized hand to hand and restrained by force; moreover, he would wish to see what peace the Normans had wished to make for the Beneventans, and he would deliver that peace, written down, to the lord pope; and whatever the lord pope might command concerning the peace or the setting of the constabulary, he would, before all, do it.

[1114.2.1] Qualiter autem in Sacro Beneventano palatio comestabulus ipse affuerit, retexam. [1114.2.2] Cumque, sicut prelatum est, archiepiscopus Roma reversus fuisset, cum quo et Petrus Portuensis episcopus et Romualdus diaconus, sanctae Romanae Sedis cardinales ab ipso papa missi pro pace invenienda fuissent, nec mora, in ipso eorum adventu eisque nondum hospitatis, populus ferina mente commotus palatium Dacomarii, in quo comestabulus habitabat, ascendens, vociferabatur dicens, quod [1114.2.3] "Pacem desideratam, nisi cito feceritis, omnino, gladiis acceptis, per plateas moriemur!". [1114.2.4] Insuper minas et opprobria comestabulo inferebant dicentes, quod pro unius hominis comestabilia guerram passuros non posse, et sic turpiter vitam finire. [1114.2.5] Alia quidem die surgente, pars archiepiscopi arma et belli apparatus super campanili imposuit, quatenus eum armis et lapidibus debellatum eicerent.

[1114.2.1] However, how the constable himself was present in the Sacred Beneventan palace, I will retell. [1114.2.2] And when, as has been stated above, the archbishop had returned from Rome—along with whom also Peter, bishop of Portus, and Romuald the deacon, cardinals of the Holy Roman See, had been sent by the pope himself to find peace—without delay, at their very arrival and they not yet having been given lodging, the people, stirred with a feral mind, going up to the palace of Dacomarius, in which the constable was dwelling, were shouting, saying, that [1114.2.3] "The desired peace, unless you quickly make it, utterly, with swords taken up, through the streets we shall die!". [1114.2.4] Moreover they were bringing threats and reproaches upon the constable, saying that for the constableship of one man they could not endure a war—and thus end life disgracefully. [1114.2.5] Indeed, with another day rising, the archbishop’s party placed arms and the apparatus of war upon the bell-tower, so that they might cast him out, subdued by arms and stones.

[1114.2.6] Seditionem itaque populi Portuensis episcopus deprehendens, cum eodem comestabulo et fidelibus Beati Petri curiam Principis advenit; ibique in conspectu omnium taliter allocutus est: [1114.2.7] "Afflictionem et famis penuriam, quam diu pro fidelitate Beati Petri passi estis et patimini, dominus noster papa et a quibusdam audivit, et ab archiepiscopo deprehendit; unde sciatis eum toto mentis affectu contristari, et super audita mirabiliter dolere. [1114.2.8] Iccirco nos et archiepiscopum vestrum delegavit quatenus, Deo adiuvante, pacem consequi valeatis. [1114.2.9] Propterea fidelitatem vestram monemus orando, ne superbia aut furore moveamini, dum nos cum aliis sapientibus viris pacis consilium vobis necessarium invenire possimus; tam enim grave et laboriosum negotium nemo precipiti animo agere poterit.

[1114.2.6] Accordingly, the bishop of Portus, detecting the sedition of the people, came with the same constable and the faithful of Blessed Peter to the court of the Prince; and there, in the sight of all, he addressed them thus: [1114.2.7] "The affliction and the want of famine, which for so long you have suffered and do suffer for the fidelity of Blessed Peter, our lord the pope has both heard from certain persons and discovered from the archbishop; wherefore know that he is grieved with the whole affect of his mind, and marvelously sorrows over what he has heard. [1114.2.8] Therefore he has delegated us and your archbishop, to the end that, God helping, you may be able to attain peace. [1114.2.9] Accordingly we admonish your fidelity, praying, that you be not moved by pride or by fury, while we with other wise men may be able to find for you the counsel of peace necessary; for so grave and laborious a business no one will be able to conduct with a precipitate spirit."

[1114.2.10] Ideo nemo armis superbiat quatenus, si Deo placuerit, pacem, omni furore deposito, invenire mereamur". [1114.2.11] Haec et alia huiusmodi eo loquente, vox populi ad sidera tollitur dicentis: [1114.2.12] "Orationes istas, quas funditis, nos ullo modo audire non possumus, nisi pacem citissime nobis dederitis!". [1114.2.13] Tunc, alio die adveniente, populus dilationes et inducias, quas ponebant, non ferens, domum Persici iudicis agreditur, quam ex toto destruxissent, sed quorumdam amicorum auxilio evasit. [1114.2.14] Portuensis igitur episcopus seditionem populi placare non valens, aurora alterius diei surgente, recessit comestabulo precipiens, ut palatium Principis ascenderet, et sic populi sevientis rumorem evaderet; qui iussui eius favens, taliter Sacrum palatium habitavit. Sed redeamus ad causam.

[1114.2.10] Therefore let no one be overproud by arms, in order that, if it shall have pleased God, we may merit to find peace, with all fury laid aside." [1114.2.11] While he was speaking these and other things of this sort, the voice of the people is lifted to the stars, saying: [1114.2.12] "These prayers which you are pouring forth we are in no way able to hear, unless you shall have given us peace most speedily!" [1114.2.13] Then, with another day coming on, the people, not bearing the delays and respites which they were proposing, attacks the house of the judge Persicus, which they would have destroyed entirely, but by the aid of certain friends he escaped. [1114.2.14] Therefore the bishop of Porto, not being able to calm the sedition of the people, with the dawn of the next day rising, withdrew, enjoining the constable to ascend the Prince’s palace, and thus to evade the uproar of the raging people; who, favoring his command, thus inhabited the Sacred palace. But let us return to the matter.

[1114.3.1] Archiepiscopus autem dicta comestabuli audiens, pacis firmamentum ordinatim describens, sicut postulaverat, ei mandavit. [1114.3.2] Audita namque serie scripturae pacem continente, ait comestabulus: [1114.3.3] "En pacis firmamentum optimum est; nunc domino nostro mittatur, et sicut imperaverit, assequamur". [1114.3.4] Interea archiepiscopus ipse, et vir quidam nomine Fulco, in episcopio sepe complures civium convocans, dicebat: [1114.3.5] "Nos domino papae vestram patefecimus necessitatem, a quo et accepimus, ut finem cum Normandis faceremus; iccirco superfluum videtur pacem descriptam ad eum remitti". [1114.3.6] Civium vero quidam aliarum inimicitiarum odio repleti, animos aliorum incitantes palam exclamabant, se pro illius comestabilia guerram passuros non posse; consilio habito, coniuraverunt intra episcopium, quod Landulphum illum de Greca comestabulum esse non consensissent, exin et dum dominus papa consilio Normandorum illum honori non redidisset. [1114.3.7] Sacramento taliter eo invento, archiepiscopus predicto comestabulo episcopum Abellinensem et quosdam presbiterorum misit, ut honorem dimitteret, sicut dictum est; qui et similiter respondit.

[1114.3.1] The archbishop, however, hearing the words of the constable, methodically describing the firm basis of peace, as he had requested, sent it to him. [1114.3.2] And when the series of the writing containing the peace had been heard, the constable said: [1114.3.3] "Behold, the foundation of peace is excellent; now let it be sent to our lord, and as he shall command, let us comply." [1114.3.4] Meanwhile the archbishop himself, and a certain man named Fulco, often summoning many citizens in the bishop’s residence, used to say: [1114.3.5] "We have laid open your necessity to the lord pope, from whom also we received that we should make an end with the Normans; therefore it seems superfluous that the described peace be sent back to him." [1114.3.6] But certain of the citizens, filled with the hatred of other enmities, inciting the spirits of others, were openly shouting that they could not endure war on account of that man’s constableship; having taken counsel, they swore together within the episcopium that they would not consent that that Landulf of the Greca be constable, and thereafter while the lord pope, by the counsel of the Normans, had not restored him to honor. [1114.3.7] With the oath thus found, the archbishop sent to the aforesaid constable the bishop of Avellino and certain presbyters, that he should relinquish the honor, as was said; and he also answered in like manner.

[1114.3.8] Deinde alia die sabati, quarto decimo die intrante mensis Martii, comestabulus cum suorum caterva armatus in medium plateae exiit dicens, quod [1114.3.9] "Videre vellem eos, qui me de palatio et honore eicere minantur! [1114.3.10] Laudabilius quidem est sic animam redere, quam ita turpiter, aut auri pondere obstrictus promisso, honorem acceptum dimittere!". [1114.3.11] Audito igitur archiepiscopus belli apparatu et campana palatii tristiter sonante, suos iussit vocari fautores, ut cum Normandis, quam posuerant, pacem firmarent; si autem comestabulus ipse resistere vellet, paratos eos haberet. [1114.3.12] Interim pars archiepiscopi domum cuiusdam fidelis comestabuli agreditur, quia eis non consentiebat; quod comestabulus audiens, ut domum agressam defenderet, properavit; sicque, eo viso, bellum inceptum est civile, in tantum quod alii per campanilia, alii per tecta domorum atque alii per plateas pugnarent.

[1114.3.8] Then on another Saturday, as the fourteenth day of the month of March was beginning, the constable, armed with a band of his men, went out into the middle of the square saying that [1114.3.9] "I would like to see those who threaten to cast me out from the palace and from honor! [1114.3.10] It is indeed more laudable thus to give back the soul, than so disgracefully, or bound by the weight of gold by a promise, to abandon the honor received!". [1114.3.11] Therefore, the archbishop, on hearing the apparatus of war and the bell of the palace sounding sadly, ordered his supporters to be called, that they might make firm the peace with the Normans which they had set down; but if the constable himself should wish to resist, he would have them ready. [1114.3.12] Meanwhile the archbishop’s party attacks the house of a certain faithful adherent of the constable, because he did not consent to them; which when the constable heard, he hastened to defend the house that had been attacked; and thus, when he was seen, a civil war was begun, to such an extent that some fought through the belfries, others over the roofs of houses, and others through the squares.

[1114.3.13] Postremo pars archiepiscopi, fortuna conversa, victoriam capiens, comestabulum illum cum suis usque ad palatium Principis secuta est; quosdam autem ex utraque parte vidimus vulneratos. [1114.3.14] Comestabulus itaque se in palatio recipiens parumper ibi moratus est, donec archiepiscopus ei fidem dare deberet in persona videlicet sua et suorum sequacium. [1114.3.15] Cives interea protelationem hanc non ferentes, et quod sitibundo pectore pacem querebant optatam, ei lapidibus minabantur ut, si cito de palatio non descenderet, eum vi caperent et membratim illum perimissent.

[1114.3.13] Finally the archbishop’s party, fortune having turned, seizing victory, pursued that constable with his men up to the palace of the Prince; and we saw certain men on both sides wounded. [1114.3.14] The constable therefore, withdrawing himself into the palace, remained there for a short while, until the archbishop should give him a pledge, namely for the safety of his person and of his followers. [1114.3.15] Meanwhile the citizens, not enduring this postponement, and because with a thirsting breast they sought the wished-for peace, threatened him with stones that, if he did not quickly come down from the palace, they would seize him by force and kill him limb by limb.

[1114.3.16] Ipse autem Landulphus se circumventum aspiciens, se archiepiscopo et civibus redidit; insuper iureiurando firmavit, quod comestabiliam, et rectoraticum aut aliquam baliam publicam non acciperet, nisi bona voluntate archiepiscopi, et Roffridi archipresbiteri, et Alechisii archidiaconi, et Roffridi filii Gaiderisii, et Roffridi a Porta Aurea, et Gervasii, et Vitalis filii Ioannis Galli, et quod malum meritum archiepiscopo et omnibus Beneventanis non rederet et, si aliquis redere vellet, disturbaret sine fraude et malo ingenio. [1114.3.17] Quo facto, et a militibus, qui eum secuti sunt, huiusmodi fides accepta est, et sic unusquisque ad propria remeavit; et Landulphus ille de Greca domi, posita comestabilia, secessit: videlicet eodem mense Martio, quo ordinatus est, descendit, unius solummodo anni spatio in honore perseverans. [1114.3.18] Alia autem die surgente dominica, postquam haec peracta sunt, comes adveniens Robertus cum militum et peditum multitudine in capite pontis Maioris sacramento ipse, et Rao dominus Ceppalunis, et Ugo de Castello Potonis pacem promissam cunctis vitae eorum diebus confirmaverunt; idipsum etiam Iordanus comes, et Robertus Sclavus et Girardus de la Marca iuraverunt.

[1114.3.16] But Landulphus himself, seeing himself surrounded, surrendered himself to the archbishop and the citizens; moreover he confirmed by oath that he would not accept the constableship, and the rectorate or any public bailiwick, except by the good will of the archbishop, and of Roffrid the archpresbyter, and of Alechisius the archdeacon, and of Roffrid son of Gaiderisius, and of Roffrid of the Golden Gate, and of Gervasius, and of Vitalis son of John the Gaul; and that he would not render evil recompense to the archbishop and to all the Beneventans and, if anyone should wish to render it, he would thwart it without fraud and evil contrivance. [1114.3.17] This done, and by the soldiers who followed him this kind of pledge having been received, thus each one returned to his own; and that Landulphus of Greca, the constableship laid down, withdrew home: namely, in the same month of March in which he was appointed, he stepped down, persisting in honor for the space of only one year. [1114.3.18] On another day, as Sunday was rising, after these things were accomplished, Count Robert arriving with a multitude of knights and foot-soldiers, at the head of the Greater Bridge, he himself by oath, and Rao lord of Ceppaluni, and Ugo of the Castle of Potone, confirmed the promised peace for all the days of their life; the same thing also Count Jordan, and Robert the Slav and Girard of the March swore.

[1114.3.19] Cumque, sicut supra relatum est, archiepiscopus in persona comestabuli et aliorum videlicet militum peditumque, velut ipse postulaverat, securitatis verba dedisset, domum, honore posito, adiit. [1114.3.20] Ipso namque eunte, archiepiscopo et Beneventanis videbatur, quod pacem diu desideratam lucrarentur. [1114.3.21] Deinde comestabulus, securitate accepta, domi residens existimabat nihil aliud procul dubio agere, quam erga sua animum securiter impendere; erat enim, ut fati sumus, graviter vulneratus.

[1114.3.19] And when, as has been related above, the archbishop, in the person of the constable and of others, namely the soldiers and foot-soldiers, as he himself had demanded, had given words of security, he went home, the honor (office) having been set aside. [1114.3.20] As he was going, it seemed to the archbishop and to the Beneventans that they were winning the long-desired peace. [1114.3.21] Then the constable, security having been received, remaining at home, supposed that he had without doubt nothing else to do than to expend his mind securely upon his own affairs; for he was, as we have said, grievously wounded.

[1114.3.22] Amici igitur eius et Beati Petri fideles, quorum mens super illius contumelias iniuriasque fideliter contristabatur, die noctuque licet non in propatulo eum solabantur hortantes, ne animus eius circa accepta tristis foret, cum haec, quae viderant quaeque facta super eo fuerant, pro Beati Petri fidelitate perpessus fuisset. [1114.3.23] Archiepiscopus autem eiusque fautores haec audientes, suspicione quadam repleti, sperantes Landulphum consilium pro comestabilia reintegranda accipere, ei sepe sepiusque miserunt, et ut civitatem exiret, et amicorum consortia desereret, dum dominus papa eum, qualiter premissum est, honori solito redidisset. [1114.3.24] Tunc comestabulus verba ferentibus aliisque concivibus palam exclamabat, quod [1114.3.25] "Super huiusmodi verbis miramur omnino, cum ab omni Beneventanorum cetu coactus comestabiliam dimiserim, et promissam archiepiscopi securitatem circa nos versari quoquo modo non viderim!". [1114.3.26] Tandem comestabulus populi sevientis videns pertinaciam magis magisque inflammari, consilio habito, die dominica in Ramis Palmarum, aurora scilicet surgente, Montem Fuscum paucis cum militibus expetivit.

[1114.3.22] Therefore his friends and the faithful of Blessed Peter, whose mind was faithfully grieved over his insults and injuries, comforted him day and night, albeit not in public, exhorting him that his spirit should not be sorrowful concerning what had befallen, since the things which they had seen and which had been done against him he had endured for the fidelity of Blessed Peter. [1114.3.23] But the archbishop and his supporters, hearing this, filled with a certain suspicion, hoping that Landulph would take counsel for reintegrating the constableship, sent to him again and again, both that he should leave the city and that he should desert the companionships of his friends, until the lord pope, as aforesaid, should restore him to his wonted honor. [1114.3.24] Then the constable, to those bringing the words and to other fellow-citizens, openly cried out, that [1114.3.25] “At words of this sort we are altogether amazed, since, compelled by the whole company of the Beneventans, I have laid down the constableship, and I have by no means seen the promised security of the archbishop to be operative about us in any way whatsoever!” [1114.3.26] At length the constable, seeing the obstinacy of the raging people grow more and more inflamed, counsel having been taken, on the Lord’s Day, on Palm Sunday, at daybreak, made for Montefusco with a few soldiers.

[1114.3.27] Deinde archipresulis coniuratio nondum perfidiae inchoatae fidem tribuens, Ioannem et Persicum iudices, aliosque nobilium et bonorum hominum sacramento perstrinxit, quo comestabulus ipse iuraverat, aliosque civium, tenore omni remoto, putans eos inimicitiarum merita eis retribuere, alligavit. [1114.3.28] Cumque istiusmodi facti, et ultra quam credi potest, nefandi, predicti Apostolici aures fama tetigisset, tactus dolore intrinsecus super dilecti filii sui comestabuli expulsione lacrimis, sicut audivimus, manantibus, spiritu infremuit; qui confestim archipresulem Landulphum ab omni, quod acceperat a Sede Romana, officio coram omnibus deposuit, similiterque omnes suos sequaces anathematis vinculo, donec satisfecerint, alligavit. [1114.3.29] Sed, si lectoris caritati asperum non videbitur, quid post illatam excommunicationem actum Beneventi sit non pretereundum, exarabo; Deum enim testor, nihil aliud posuisse, preter quod viderim et audiverim, scripsisse.

[1114.3.27] Then the conspiracy of the archprelate, credit being given to a treachery not yet initiated, bound John and the judge Persicus, and others of the nobles and good men, by the sacrament (oath) by which the constable himself had sworn, and it bound others of the citizens as well, with every tenor removed, thinking to repay to them the deserts of enmities. [1114.3.28] And when the rumor of a deed of this sort—and nefarious beyond what can be believed—had touched the ears of the aforesaid Apostolic, touched with inward grief over the expulsion of his beloved son the constable, with tears, as we have heard, flowing, he groaned in spirit; and forthwith he deposed the archprelate Landulph from every office which he had received from the Roman See before all, and likewise he bound all his followers with the bond of anathema, until they shall have made satisfaction. [1114.3.29] But, if it shall not seem harsh to the charity of the reader, I will set down—nor must it be passed over—what was done at Benevento after the excommunication was inflicted; for I call God to witness that I have set down nothing else, except that I have written what I saw and heard.

[1114.4.1] Tali igitur anathematis sententia in Beati Petri adversarios longe lateque divulgata, delegavit prefatus Apostolicus Beneventum Anastasium et Albanensem episcopum, cardinales Romanae Sedis idoneos, cupiens, quid Beneventanus populus in animo haberet, cognoscere. [1114.4.2] Cardinalibus etenim ipsis hospitatis, triduo post cetus omnis Beneventanorum in Sacro Beneventano palatio convenit, ibique omnia, qualiter Beneventi acciderant negotia et guerrae origo surrexerat, coram cardinalibus illis radicitus recitatum est. [1114.4.3] Quibus auditis, Anastasius in verba prorumpens inquit: [1114.4.4] "Ad videnda, domini et fratres, Romae quae audierat, dominus noster papa negotia et investiganda nos precepto sciatis esse delegatos.

[1114.4.1] Therefore, with such a sentence of anathema against the adversaries of Blessed Peter divulged far and wide, the aforesaid Apostolic delegated to Benevento Anastasius and the bishop of Albano, cardinals of the Roman See, suitable men, desiring to learn what the Beneventan people had in mind. [1114.4.2] For when the cardinals themselves had been hosted, three days later the whole gathering of the Beneventans assembled in the Sacred Beneventan palace, and there everything—how the affairs had befallen at Benevento and how the origin of the war had arisen—was recited from the roots before those cardinals. [1114.4.3] When these things had been heard, Anastasius, breaking forth into words, said: [1114.4.4] "Know, lords and brothers, that our lord the pope by precept has delegated us to see at Rome the affairs which he had heard, and to investigate them.

[1114.4.5] Unde, prout melius, Deo annuente, poterimus circa pacis et utilitatis vestrae proficuum nos die noctuque consilium et auxilium prebebimus". [1114.4.6] Istis et his similibus taliter prolatis, unusquisque ad propria remeavit. [1114.4.7] Diebus autem non multis elapsis, vir ille, cuius mentionem fecimus, nomine Fulco, ex huius seculi ergastulo anathematis vinculo irretitus, heu miser, migravit! [1114.4.8] His taliter actis, cardinalis ipse Romam tetendit.

[1114.4.5] "Wherefore, as best as, with God assenting, we shall be able, toward the profit of your peace and utility we will furnish counsel and aid day and night." [1114.4.6] These and similar things having been thus set forth, each one returned to his own. [1114.4.7] However, with not many days having elapsed, that man, of whom we have made mention, by name Fulco, from the prison-house of this age, ensnared in the bond of anathema—alas, poor wretch—departed! [1114.4.8] With these things thus done, the cardinal himself made for Rome.

[1114.5.1] Cumque cardinalis ipse Anastasius Romam peteret, dominus papa Paschalis, archiepiscopis, episcopis et abbatibus congregatis, mense Octubro primum post ipsius regressum adveniente, Ceparani concilium constituit; ad cuius sacri conventus frequentiam Guidelmus dux et Robertus princeps, mille fere equitum numero congregato, perrexere. [1114.5.2] Landulphus vero de Greca comestabulus literis domini papae specialibus ad iddem sacrum concilium arcessitus honorifice commeavit; qui a domino papa officiosissime susceptus est: hic namque fraudem devitans Normandorum navigio quodam securiter transfretavit. [1114.5.3] Iordanus autem comes timens, multorum suorum pondere delictorum oneratus, ad tale tantumque concilium pergere, legatos suos direxit.

[1114.5.1] And when the cardinal himself, Anastasius, was making for Rome, the lord Pope Paschalis, with archbishops, bishops, and abbots gathered, as the month of October, the first after his return, was arriving, established the Council of Ceparano; to the thronging of which sacred convent William the duke and Robert the prince, with nearly a thousand horsemen gathered in number, proceeded. [1114.5.2] Landulf, indeed, the constable of Greca, summoned to that same sacred council by the special letters of the lord pope, traveled with honor; he was received most obligingly by the lord pope: for this man, shunning the fraud of the Normans, crossed over safely by a certain ship. [1114.5.3] Jordan the count, however, afraid, burdened by the weight of his many crimes, to go to such and so great a council, sent his legates.

[1114.5.4] Archiepiscopus namque Landulphus, suffraganeis suis convocatis innumeraque auri et argenti copia congregata, cum comite Roberto ad conventum illum tetendit. [1114.5.5] Talibus igitur et tantis patribus proceribusque congregatis, in medio conventus ipsius, die videlicet sabati, ducatum Italiae, Calabriae et Siciliae duci prefato Apostolicus concessit. [1114.5.6] Concilio itaque mirabiliter ordinato, Apostolicus ipse coram omnibus super Landulpho archipresule lacrimabiliter, et quod comestabulum suum expulisset Landulphum, et quod literis suis vocatus ad eum ire contempsisset, condolens conquerebatur; ipse vero archipresul nolens, immo timens conventum illum sine loci et offici restitutione ingredi, apud Insulam, Ceparani proximam, hospitatus est.

[1114.5.4] For Archbishop Landulph, his suffragans having been convoked and an innumerable abundance of gold and silver gathered, made for that convocation with Count Robert. [1114.5.5] Therefore, with such and so great fathers and grandees assembled, in the midst of that convocation, on the day, namely, of the sabbath (Saturday), the Apostolic granted to the aforesaid duke the duchy of Italy, Calabria, and Sicily. [1114.5.6] The council then being wondrously ordered, the Apostolic himself, before all, was lamentably grieving and complaining against Archbishop Landulph—both that he had expelled his constable Landulph, and that, summoned by his letters, he had scorned to go to him; but the archbishop himself, unwilling—nay, fearing—to enter that convocation without restitution of place and office, lodged at Insula, near Ceparanum.

[1114.5.7] At ubi Apostolicum conquerentem ipse comperiit, quosdam Romanorum prefectum etiam vocari iussit: videlicet ut, cumque potuissent, misericordiam a domino papa pro eo impetrarent; quin etiam dicebat archiepiscopus, se domino papae ex omnibus illatis querimoniis iustitiam facturum, dummodo ei et locum concilii et officium restitueret. [1114.5.8] Hoc Apostolicus audito, consilio habito, et locum et officium ei reintegravit; cumque taliter restitutus fuisset, nec mora, conventum illum, die videlicet lunae, cum comite Roberto adivit. [1114.5.9] Quid plura?

[1114.5.7] But when he learned that the Apostolic was complaining, he ordered that certain of the Romans, even the prefect of the Romans, be summoned: namely, that, so far as they could, they might obtain mercy from the lord pope for him; nay even, the archbishop said that he would render justice to the lord pope regarding all the complaints brought, provided that he restored to him both his place in the council and his office. [1114.5.8] Upon hearing this, the Apostolic, counsel having been taken, reintegrated to him both the place and the office; and when he had been thus restored, without delay he went to that assembly, namely on Monday, with Count Robert. [1114.5.9] What more?

Eo reintegrato, per diaconum quendam ad faciendam iustitiam in presentiarum Apostolicus vocari precepit; qui continuo surgens voce lacrimabili coram omnibus respondens inquit: [1114.5.10] "Primitus gratias ago Deo, et beato Petro et tibi domino nostro papae Paschali de restitutione loci et officii; nunc autem, domine pater, vestram imploro paternitatem, ut misericordiam super me, quem sanctitas vestra apud Beneventanam sedem plantavit, habeatis". [1114.5.11] Apostolicus autem hoc audiens: "Unde vis", inquit, "ut misericordiam super vobis habeamus?". [1114.5.12] Et archipresul: "Domine, quia audivi vos erga me indignatos fore, cum me literis vestris arcessiri iussistis et curiam vestram non adveni". [1114.5.13] Et Apostolicus: "Quare", inquit, "ut ipse asseris, vocatus curiam non advenisti?". [1114.5.14] Archiepiscopus ad haec: "Domine", inquit, "pater, et timore coactus vestrae indignationis, et quorundam minantium, non adveni vocatus, et quod legatos meos episcopos quidem non accepisti, et alium quendam, quem prius direxeram, adversarii nostri verberibus afflixere". [1114.5.15] Ad haec Apostolicus: "Legatos tuos, quos dicis episcopos, iccirco non exaudierim, quia iustitiae faciendae verba non dixerant, immo mercedis causa pro vobis, et pietatis, venerant; legatum autem alium, quem verberatum profiteris, nec vidi neque eius forma ullo modo ad nos pervenit!". [1114.5.16] Cumque archiepiscopus ipse ex omni parte detentum se veris aspexisset responsionibus, aliam adinvenit excusationem, dicens: [1114.5.17] "Domine pater, terminum competentem mihi veniendi non tribuisti unde, si placet, venire nec potui nec, ut dixi, metu compulsus ausus fui". [1114.5.18] Et Apostolicus: "Sed quia literas nostras contempsisti, asseris te nunc non pro contemptu, metu autem ad nos non venisse; competentem enim terminum veniendi procul dubio largitus fui, ab idibus scilicet Aprilis et sex mensium spatio interposito!". [1114.5.19] Unde literas vocationis in medio legi precepit: [1114.5.20] "Verum tamen isti nostri fratres deliberent et, quam opponis excusationem, canonicam fuisse decernant". [1114.5.21] Et precepit quibusdam cardinalibus quidem et archiepiscopis Romanae Sedis iudicibus, ut in partem semoti super huiusmodi excusationem archipresulis sententiam extenderent. [1114.5.22] At ipsi in partem euntes, sententiam illam diu ventilantes, taliter in conspectu omnium regressi iudices ipsi protulerunt: [1114.5.23] "Domine archiepiscope Beneventane, quoniam non pro contemptu sed metu asseritis vocatum ad curiam te non venisse, dicimus et iudicamus hanc canonicam non esse excusationem". [1114.5.24] Iudicio etenim talium tantorumque patrum extenso, capitula sanctorum patrum predecessorum coram omnibus exhiberi et legi Apostolicus precepit, confirmata scilicet in conventibus et super contemptoribus ordinata. [1114.5.25] His ita perfectis, super tanto et tali negotio a cardinalibus et episcopis diu ventilatum est.

Eo reintegrated, through a certain deacon the Apostolic ordered him to be called for the doing of justice for the present; who, rising immediately and responding with a tearful voice before all, said: [1114.5.10] "First I give thanks to God, and to blessed Peter, and to you, our lord Pope Paschal, for the restitution of the place and of the office; now, however, lord father, I implore your paternity, that you have mercy upon me, whom your sanctity planted at the Beneventan see." [1114.5.11] But the Apostolic, hearing this, said: "Whence do you wish that we should have mercy upon you?" [1114.5.12] And the archprelate: "Lord, because I heard that you had been indignant against me, when you ordered me to be summoned by your letters and I did not come to your curia." [1114.5.13] And the Apostolic: "Why," said he, "as you yourself assert, did you not, when called, come to the curia?" [1114.5.14] The archbishop to this: "Lord," said he, "father, both compelled by fear of your indignation, and by certain menacing persons, I did not come when called; and that you did not receive my legates, bishops indeed, and another certain person, whom I had previously sent, our adversaries afflicted with beatings." [1114.5.15] To this the Apostolic: "I did not, for that reason, hear your legates, whom you say were bishops, because they had not spoken words for the doing of justice, nay rather they had come on account of favor for you, and of pity; but the other legate, whom you profess was beaten, I neither saw nor did his form reach us in any way!" [1114.5.16] And when that archbishop saw himself on every side held fast by true responses, he devised another excuse, saying: [1114.5.17] "Lord father, you did not grant me a suitable term for coming; whence, if it please, I could not come, nor, as I said, did I dare, compelled by fear." [1114.5.18] And the Apostolic: "But because you contemned our letters, you assert that you did not come to us now not from contempt, but from fear; for a suitable term for coming I, without doubt, granted—namely from the Ides of April, with an interval of six months interposed!" [1114.5.19] Whereupon he ordered the letters of summons to be read in the midst: [1114.5.20] "Nevertheless let these our brethren deliberate and decide whether the excuse which you oppose was canonical." [1114.5.21] And he ordered certain cardinals and indeed archbishops, judges of the Roman See, that, withdrawn aside, they should extend a sentence upon the archprelate’s excuse of this kind. [1114.5.22] But they, going apart and long ventilating that sentence, thus, having returned in the sight of all, those judges pronounced: [1114.5.23] "Lord Archbishop of Benevento, since you assert that you did not come to the curia when called not from contempt but from fear, we say and judge this not to be a canonical excuse." [1114.5.24] Accordingly, the judgment of such and so great fathers having been extended, the chapters of the holy fathers, predecessors—confirmed, namely, in councils and ordained against contemners—he ordered to be produced and read before all. [1114.5.25] These things thus completed, upon so great and such a matter it was debated at length by the cardinals and bishops.

[1114.5.26] Sed quid plura? Diaconus eum iterato ad iustitiam vocavit faciendam; qui continuo assurgens: [1114.5.27] "Unde?", inquit. [1114.5.28] Et Apostolicus: "Quia suscepisti regalia Beati Petri extra nostram voluntatem, et claves tenuisti portarum, et palatium invasisti, et Landulphum expulisti, et galeam sumpsisti, et clipeum, et Fulconem illum ad sacramentum impulisti!". [1114.5.29] Hoc ipse archiepiscopus audito, respondit: [1114.5.30] "Vere regalia Beati Petri non alia de causa accepi, sed vestra pro fidelitate; nam, cum Beneventi aderas, civitatem mihi commendasti.

[1114.5.26] But why more? The deacon summoned him again to have justice done; who, immediately rising, said: [1114.5.27] "On what grounds?" [1114.5.28] And the Apostolic: "Because you took up the regalia of Blessed Peter outside our will, and you held the keys of the gates, and you invaded the palatium, and you drove out Landulf, and you took up the helmet and the shield, and you impelled that Fulco to the oath!" [1114.5.29] Hearing this, the archbishop replied: [1114.5.30] "Truly I received the regalia of Blessed Peter for no other cause, but out of loyalty to you; for, when you were at Benevento, you entrusted the city to me.

[1114.5.31] Portarum vero claves non ego susceperam: hunc sane, qui eas retinet, fidelem tuum omnino confitemur. [1114.5.32] Clipeum profecto non accepi; galeam quidem tuli capitis pro munitione, ne lapide aliquo opprimerer. [1114.5.33] Normandos, ut dixistis, non introduxi: Longobardos vero sexdecim pro auxilio populi civitatem ingredi fecerim!". [1114.5.34] Sacramentum Fulconis iussu suo factum fuisse, et populi iusiurandum, denegavit.

[1114.5.31] As for the keys of the gates, I did not receive them: this man indeed, who retains them, we altogether acknowledge as your faithful man. [1114.5.32] A shield, assuredly, I did not take; a helmet I did carry upon my head for fortification, lest I be crushed by some stone. [1114.5.33] The Normans, as you have said, I did not bring in: the Lombards indeed, sixteen, I caused to enter the city for the people’s aid!". [1114.5.34] He denied that Fulco’s oath had been made by his own order, and he denied the oath of the people.

[1114.5.35] His omnibus Apostolicus auditis, cardinalibus iterum et prefatis iudicibus precepit, ut super omnibus istis et contemptu sententiam exprimerent. [1114.5.36] Cumque archiepiscopus ipse huiusmodi preceptum et, ut ita dicam, terribile audisset, Guidelmum ducem supramemoratum, et Robertum principem, et Petrum filium Leonis, nec non et episcopos exorabat dicens: [1114.5.37] "Domini proceres et episcopi confratres, dominum nostrum papam Paschalem, precor, orate, ne me in conspectu omnium taliter confundat et dedecoratum dimittat; si vero eius clementiae placuerit, exilium petam vel mare transfretabo". [1114.5.38] Tunc proceres ipsi euntes pedibus domini papae advoluti, sicut archiepiscopus rogaverat, deprecati sunt; quod minime obtinere valuerunt. [1114.5.39] At ipsi iudices ex precepto euntes, licet dolendo et protelando, reversi tale super Landulpho dedere iudicium; iudicibus enim ipsis, ut dixi, moram facientibus super sententiam, precepit Apostolicus adiurando, ut per fidem, quam beato Petro et ei deberent, quod canonicum esset dicendum, dicerent!

[1114.5.35] With all these things heard by the Apostolic, he again commanded the cardinals and the aforesaid judges to pronounce sentence on all these matters and on the contempt. [1114.5.36] And when the archbishop himself had heard such a precept and, so to speak, a terrible one, he was begging the above-mentioned Duke Guidelm, and Prince Robert, and Peter son of Leo, and likewise the bishops, saying: [1114.5.37] "Lords nobles and bishops, fellow-brethren, I beg you, pray our lord Pope Paschal that he not thus confound me in the sight of all and let me go dishonored; but if it shall have pleased his clemency, I will seek exile or I will cross the sea." [1114.5.38] Then the nobles themselves, going and falling at the feet of the lord pope, as the archbishop had asked, entreated him; which they were in no way able to obtain. [1114.5.39] But the judges themselves, going at his precept, although grieving and delaying, returned and gave such a judgment concerning Landulf; for the judges themselves, as I said, making delay over the sentence, the Apostolic commanded, adjuring, that by the faith which they owed to Blessed Peter and to him, they should say what would be canonical to be said!

[1114.5.40] At episcopus Portuensis primus omnium, licet egre et tantae sententiae dolore turbatus, ait: [1114.5.41] "Quoniam regalia Beati Petri suscepisti, et claves portarum tenuisti, et palatium invasisti, et Landulphum expulisti, et curiam venire vocatus contempsisti, iudicamus super vos depositionis sententiam, et contra Beatum Petrum et dominum nostrum papam fecisse!". [1114.5.42] Idipsum Capuanus archiepiscopus et Gregorius cardinalis affirmavere. [1114.5.43] Volentibus autem aliis iudicibus eandem confirmare sententiam, Landulplhus ipse et medio conventus illius timore coactus et sententiae talis gladio perculsus surrexit. [1114.5.44] O qualem, si interesses, lector, fletum videres et Landulphi illius pallidum aspiceres vultum, cum ex ore tantorum iudicum, qui decoratus Beneventana Sede et prae aliis gloriosus ubique fuerat, deponebatur.

[1114.5.40] But the bishop of Portus, first of all, though with difficulty and disturbed by the pain of so great a sentence, said: [1114.5.41] "Since you have received the regalia of Blessed Peter, and held the keys of the gates, and invaded the palace, and expelled Landulphus, and, when summoned to come to court, contemned it, we judge against you the sentence of deposition, and that you have acted against Blessed Peter and our lord the pope!" [1114.5.42] The archbishop of Capua and Cardinal Gregory affirmed the same. [1114.5.43] But when the other judges wished to confirm the same sentence, Landulphus himself, in the midst of that assembly, compelled by fear and smitten by the sword of such a sentence, arose. [1114.5.44] O what a weeping, if you had been present, reader, you would have seen, and you would behold that Landulphus’s pallid countenance, when from the mouths of so many judges, he who had been decorated with the Beneventan See and, before others, glorious everywhere, was deposed.

[1114.5.45] Quid dicam? Subsellio eius levato, metuendum illud concilium, ut mente captus, dereliquit.

[1114.5.45] What shall I say? His bench having been raised, he abandoned that fearsome council, as if bereft of mind.

[1114.6.1] Hoc anno ecclesia Beatae Mariae de Episcopio ampliata est per consilium Landulphi de Greca.

[1114.6.1] In this year the church of Blessed Mary of Episcopio was enlarged through the counsel of Landulf of Greca.

[1114.7.1] Hoc anno Landulphus Beneventanus archiepiscopus captus est et Landulphus de Greca, qui expulsus fuit de civitate Beneventana, reversus est, accepta comestabilia.

[1114.7.1] In this year Landulf of Benevento, archbishop, was captured; and Landulf de Greca, who had been expelled from the city of Benevento, returned, after receiving comestibles.

[1114.8.1] His omnibus et aliis ita peractis, Apostolicus ipse nono kalendas Septembris Troiam tetendit, ibique concilium statuit et firmavit; ad cuius sacri conventus presentiam fere omnes Apuliae proceres, archiepiscopi et episcopi convenerunt. [1114.8.2] Conventu itaque sancte ordinato, inter cetera, quae ibi posita sunt, treuva Dei statuta est, adeo quod comes Iordanus, et comes de Lauritello et alii baronum Apuliae sacramento in presentiarum firmaverunt treuvam Dei ex tunc et spatio annorum trium fore tenendam et custodiendam; sicque, confirmato concilio et pie finito, papa Beneventum tertio die intrante mensis Septembris reversus est. [1114.8.3] Deinde Apostolicus ipse civitatis negotia, quae imminebant, diiudicans, Romam reversus est septimo kalendas Octobris; qui tunc monasterium Sancti Vincentii dedicavit.

[1114.8.1] With all these things and others thus accomplished, the Apostolic himself on the ninth day before the Kalends of September made for Troia, and there he established and confirmed a council; to the presence of which sacred convent nearly all the Apulian grandees, archbishops, and bishops assembled. [1114.8.2] Therefore, the convent being sacredly ordered, among the rest that were set there, the Truce of God was decreed, to such a degree that Count Jordan, and the count of Lauritello, and other barons of Apulia by an oath for the present confirmed that the Truce of God from then on and for a span of three years was to be held and kept; and thus, the council being confirmed and piously finished, the pope returned to Beneventum on the third day as the month of September was beginning. [1114.8.3] Then the Apostolic himself, adjudging the affairs of the city which were pressing, returned to Rome on the seventh day before the Kalends of October; who then dedicated the monastery of Saint Vincent.

[1116.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo sexto decimo ab Incarnatione Domini nostri Iesu Christi, et septimo decimo anno pontificatus domini Paschalis secundi summi pontificis et universalis papae, mense Martio, nona indictione. [1116.1.2] Dominus noster predictus Apostolicus Romae synodum statuit.

[1116.1.1] In the year 1116 from the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ, and in the 17th year of the pontificate of lord Paschal II, supreme pontiff and universal pope, in the month of March, in the ninth indiction. [1116.1.2] Our lord the aforesaid Apostolic established a synod at Rome.

[1116.2.1] Et hoc anno prefectus urbis Romae mense quidem Martio obiit; post cuius mortem civile bellum terribiliter ortum est, eo quod Romani audierant, ut Petrus filius Leonis Apostolici consilio filium suum prefectum ordinare vellet. [1116.2.2] Unde Romanorum fere populus prefecti defuncti filium ad prefecturae honorem erexerunt; quo ordinato, ad predictum papam Paschalem miserunt suppliciter postulantes, quatenus eorum ordinationi assensum ipse preberet et corroboraret: Apostolicus autem nullo modo eis assensum tribuit. [1116.2.3] Romani itaque haec agnoscentes, coniuratione facta, mirabilia domorum edificia et turres complures radicitus prostraverunt eorum quidem, qui cum Petro Leonis ad id faciendum coniurabant.

[1116.2.1] And in this year the prefect of the city of Rome indeed died in the month of March; after whose death a civil war arose terribly, for the reason that the Romans had heard that Peter, son of Leo, with the counsel of the Apostolic, wished to appoint his own son prefect. [1116.2.2] Whence almost the whole people of the Romans raised the son of the deceased prefect to the honor of the prefecture; he having been ordained, they sent to the aforesaid Pope Paschal, humbly requesting that he himself would grant assent to their ordination and corroborate it: but the Apostolic in no way granted them assent. [1116.2.3] Romani therefore, recognizing these things, a conspiracy having been made, utterly cast down from the roots the marvelous edifices of houses and many towers of those indeed who were conspiring with Peter son of Leo to do that.

[1116.2.4] Unde factum est, ut Ptolomeus, prefecti avunculus, et alii barones Apostolici castra invaderent et tenerent. [1116.2.5] Contigit autem die quadam, quod prefectus ipse militum fere quinquaginta collegio stipatus ad explorandum milites, quos Apostolicus miserat, extra Urbem perrexisset; comestabulus autem Apostolici hoc deprehendens ex improviso eos agreditur, prostravit, et prefectum comprehendit. [1116.2.6] Ptolomeus igitur memoratus nepotis captionem audiens, nec mora, militibus sumptis, papae prefatum comestabulum invadens, nepotem, qui captivus ferebatur, absolvit et secum gaudens ad propria perduxit.

[1116.2.4] Hence it came about that Ptolemy, the prefect’s maternal uncle, and other barons of the Apostolic invaded and held the forts. [1116.2.5] It happened on a certain day that the prefect himself, escorted by a company of nearly fifty soldiers, had gone out beyond the City to reconnoiter the soldiers whom the Apostolic had sent; but the constable of the Apostolic, discovering this, attacks them unexpectedly, routed them, and captured the prefect. [1116.2.6] Therefore Ptolemy, hearing of his nephew’s capture, without delay, having taken soldiers, and attacking the aforesaid constable of the pope, freed his nephew, who was being borne as a captive, and, rejoicing, led him back to his own home.

[1116.2.7] Dum haec et alia Romae agerentur, prefatus Apostolicus Urbem exivit, qui apud castrum quoddam, Setium nomine, commoratus est; viderat quidem seditionem illam magis ac magis inflammari, et Petrum Leonis de die in diem acriter expugnari. [1116.2.8] Diebus autem non multis elapsis, Apostolicus ipse seditionem illam placari et minui aspiciens, consilio accepto, militibus collectis, Romam ingressus est; deinde palatium Lateranense ingreditur, ibique Missarum solemnia decantavit. [1116.2.9] Cum autem ipse Urbem ingressus fuisset, Romanorum cetus, qui ei rebellis extiterat, fere ad eius imperium et voluntatem conversus est; sicque Apostolicus ipse, tranquillitate inventa, Romam securus habitavit.

[1116.2.7] While these things and others were being transacted at Rome, the aforesaid Apostolic left the City, and he stayed at a certain castle named Setium; indeed he had seen that sedition inflame more and more, and that Peter, son of Leo, was being sharply assailed from day to day. [1116.2.8] But when not many days had elapsed, the Apostolic himself, seeing that sedition be appeased and diminish, with counsel taken and soldiers gathered, entered Rome; then he enters the Lateran palace, and there chanted the solemnities of the Masses. [1116.2.9] But when he had entered the City, the assembly of the Romans which had stood rebellious against him was turned almost to his command and will; and so the Apostolic himself, tranquillity found, dwelt securely at Rome.

[1116.3.1] His taliter actis, predictus Apostolicus Landulphum, quem deposuerat, undecimo die intrante mensis Augusti reintegravit ad archiepiscopatum.

[1116.3.1] With these things thus done, the aforesaid Apostolic reinstated Landulf, whom he had deposed, to the archiepiscopate on the 11th day, the month of August beginning.

[1117.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo septimo decimo Dominicae Incarnationis, et octavo decimo pontificatus domini Paschalis. [1117.1.2] Mense Aprili ipse papa synodum Beneventi celebravit.

[1117.1.1] In the year 1117 of the Lord’s Incarnation, and the 18th of the pontificate of lord Paschal. [1117.1.2] In the month of April the pope himself held a synod at Benevento.

[1117.2.1] Hoc anno Riso Barensis archiepiscopus ab Argiro cive Barensi trucidatus est in via Canosina.

[1117.2.1] In this year Riso, the archbishop of Bari, was slaughtered by Argyrus, a citizen of Bari, on the Canosa road.

[1117.3.1] Hoc anno Paschalis papa obiit undecimo kalendas Februarii, et Gelasius papa eligitur.

[1117.3.1] In this year Pope Paschal died on the 11th day before the Kalends of February, and Pope Gelasius is elected.

[1118.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo octavo decimo ab Incarnatione Domini nostri Iesu Christi, et primo anno pontificatus domini Gelasii secundi summi pontificis et universalis papae, mense Martio, undecimae indictionis. [1118.1.2] Factum est autem, cum prefatus pontifex Gelasius ad pontificale solium fere totius populi Romani unanimi voto et concordia eligeretur, archiepiscopis, episcopis et abbatibus circa Romanam Sedem morantibus, Apuliae quoque partibus delegavit, ut ad eius consecrationis diem convenirent. [1118.1.3] Erat quippe, ut retulimus, cum electus fuit, diaconus et cancellarius; qui vero non nisi in canonico ieiunii tempore constituto consecrari poterat.

[1118.1.1] In the one thousand one hundred eighteenth year from the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ, and in the first year of the pontificate of lord Gelasius the Second, supreme pontiff and universal pope, in the month of March, of the eleventh indiction. [1118.1.2] Now it came to pass, when the aforesaid pontiff Gelasius was being chosen to the pontifical throne by the unanimous vote and concord of almost the whole Roman people, with archbishops, bishops, and abbots residing around the Roman See, he also delegated to the regions of Apulia that they should assemble for the day of his consecration. [1118.1.3] For he was, as we have related, when he was elected, a deacon and chancellor; and indeed he could not be consecrated except at the canonical time of the fast as established.

[1118.1.5] Sed priusquam memoratus electus Gelasius consecrationis acciperet dignitatem, rex prefatus Henricus, instructis insidiis, noctis silentio Romam ingreditur mensis Martii secunda die ingrediente [1118.1.4] Legatione itaque accepta, episcopus Troianae, archiepiscopus Sipontinae civitatis et complures alii ad ipsius consecrationis solemnitatem properaverunt. [1118.1.6] Apostolicus itaque regis ipsius ingressum sic latenter deprehendens, reminiscens qualiter rex ipse dominum papam Paschalem, eius predecessorem, et cardinales fraude et dolo cepisset, nec mora, cardinalibus convocatis, fluvium Tiberis ingressus est; deinde prosperis ventis mare sulcantes pervenerunt Gaietam. [1118.1.7] Rex autem Apostolici egressum cognoscens ei apud Gaietam delegavit, quatenus Urbem reverteretur, et locum, quoniam ad eius consecrationem libentissime interesse et corroborare desideraret.

[1118.1.5] But before the aforesaid elect Gelasius might receive the dignity of consecration, the aforesaid king Henry, ambushes laid, in the silence of the night enters Rome as the second day of the month of March was beginning. [1118.1.4] Therefore, the legation having been received, the bishop of Troia, the archbishop of the city of Siponto, and several others hastened to the solemnity of his consecration. [1118.1.6] Thus the Apostolic, covertly detecting the entry of that king, recalling how the king himself had seized lord Pope Paschal, his predecessor, and the cardinals by fraud and by dolus, without delay, the cardinals having been convened, entered the river Tiber; then, plowing the sea with favorable winds, they reached Gaeta. [1118.1.7] But the king, learning of the Apostolic’s departure, sent to him at Gaeta, to the effect that he should return to the City, and the place, since he most gladly desired to be present at and to corroborate his consecration.

[1118.1.8] Pontifex autem Gelasius nequitiam eius et perfidiae telum longe lateque cognoscens, [1118.1.9] "Miramur", inquit, "super talis tantique viri legationibus: cum ad nos venturum se die Resurrectionis nuper transmiserit, nunc vero nocturno tempore et ante condictum tempus comperimus eum adventasse! [1118.1.10] Ego vero, Deo annuente, consecrationis accipiam firmitatem; dehinc me, ubicumque voluerit, paratum ad oppositum negotium inveniet". [1118.1.11] Quo audito, qui missi fuerant, ad regem reversi sunt festinanter; qui vero omnia, quae a predicto pontifice audierant, regi renuntiaverunt. [1118.1.12] Deinde electus ille Gelasius die constituto a cardinalibus, qui cum eo exierant, canonice et ordinate consecratus est apud Gaietam, mense Martio superius memorato.

[1118.1.8] But Pontiff Gelasius, knowing far and wide his wickedness and the weapon of perfidy, [1118.1.9] said, "We marvel at the legations of such and so great a man: since he recently sent word that he would come to us on the Day of the Resurrection, but now we have learned that he has arrived at a nocturnal time and before the appointed time! [1118.1.10] I indeed, with God assenting, will receive the confirmation of consecration; thereafter he will find me, wherever he wishes, prepared for the opposing affair." [1118.1.11] On hearing this, those who had been sent hastily returned to the king; and they reported to the king all that they had heard from the aforesaid pontiff. [1118.1.12] Then that elect Gelasius, on the day appointed by the cardinals who had gone out with him, was canonically and in order consecrated at Gaeta, in the aforesaid month of March.

[1118.1.13] Rex autem pontificis ipsius responsum audiens, pestifero invento consilio, archiepiscopum quendam Hispanum in pontificem et, ut ita dicam, invasorem Ecclesiae constituit et consecravit. [1118.1.14] O nefas, et terribile periculum: rex ille, qui Romanae Sedis et totius cattholicae Ecclesiae defensor et adiutor fieri deberet, novam heresem et mortis genera per universum orbem induxit! [1118.1.15] Romanorum igitur complures, quorum mens erga Ecclesiae Romanae fidelitatem fixa manebat, visa huiusmodi herese et cognita, aiebant: [1118.1.16] "Heu miseri, cum nos ex longo nostrorum patrum vetusto ritu sine alicuius regis adventu et licentia pastorem eligebamus, consecrabamus, quem volebamus, nunc autem sine regis permissu iam amplius alium neque eligere neque consecrare ausi erimus?". [1118.1.17] Deinde prefectus et alii Romanorum nobiles, Gelasio canonice ordinato, apud Gaietam legaverunt, dicentes: [1118.1.18] "Vestrae notescat paternitati, pater et domine, nos et nostros amicos consecrationi illius excommunicati viri, in pontificem scelestum constituti, nullatenus consilii et auxilii manus dedisse.

[1118.1.13] But the king, hearing that pontiff’s response, by a pestiferous, devised counsel appointed and consecrated a certain Spanish archbishop as pontiff and, so to speak, an invader of the Church. [1118.1.14] O nefas, and a terrible peril: that king, who ought to become the defender and helper of the Roman See and of the whole Catholic Church, introduced a new heresy and kinds of death throughout the whole orb! [1118.1.15] Therefore many of the Romans, whose mind remained fixed toward the fidelity of the Roman Church, when a heresy of this sort had been seen and known, were saying: [1118.1.16] "Alas, wretches that we are, since we by the long, time-honored rite of our fathers, without the arrival and license of any king, used to choose a pastor, we consecrated whom we wished; but now, without the king’s permission, shall we any longer dare neither to choose nor to consecrate another?". [1118.1.17] Then the prefect and other nobles of the Romans, with Gelasius canonically ordained, sent a legation to him at Gaeta, saying: [1118.1.18] "Let it be known to your paternity, father and lord, that neither we nor our friends have in any way lent the hand of counsel or aid to the consecration of that excommunicated man, appointed as a wicked pontiff.

[1118.1.19] Et sciatis quoniam, Deo opitulante, regis illius, viri iniquissimi, machinationes et consilia in proximo delebuntur et Vos, Deo propitio, erroris et malignitatis destructor, ad sedem propriam et locum cum letitia et honore revertimini".

[1118.1.19] And know that, God giving aid, the machinations and counsels of that king, a most iniquitous man, will shortly be obliterated, and You, with God propitious, the destroyer of error and malignity, will return to Your own seat and place with joy and honor".

[1118.2.1] His taliter actis, predictus Landulphus de Greca, olim Beneventanus comestabulus, literas suas apud memoratum Gelasium notificando, rectorem Stephanum Beneventanum, ex quo ipse depositus fuerat, iustitiam egentibus non fecisse, super etiam domos suas et possessiones a Beneventanis dirutas, nuntiavit.

[1118.2.1] With these things thus done, the aforesaid Landulphus of Greca, formerly the Beneventan constable, by notifying his letters before the aforementioned Gelasius, reported that Rector Stephen the Beneventan, by whom he himself had been deposed, had not rendered justice to the needy, and moreover he reported that his houses and possessions had been demolished by the Beneventans.

[1118.3.1] Hoc anno predictus papa Gelasius Gallias ivit secundo die mensis Septembris intrante, et Pisas applicuit; cumque, sicut relatum est, pontifex Gelasius apud civitatem Pisanam ivisset, et archiepiscopum civitatis consecrasset, inito consilio, navem ingressus est; deinde, divina gubernante clementia, ventis secundis ultramontanas partes transfretavit. [1118.3.2] Continuo archiepiscopi omnes, et episcopi proceresque alii gaudio eum ineffabili et honore immenso susceperunt; taliter igitur Gelasius acceptus cum predicto Anglorum rege confabulatus est. [1118.3.3] Dehinc Apostolicus ipse stabilivit, ut in sequenti mense Martio synodum cum patribus Franciae Teutonicisque celebraret, ibique de sacerdotii et regni discidio longe lateque habito, Spiritu Sancto mediante, loquerentur.

[1118.3.1] In this year the aforesaid pope Gelasius went to Gaul as the second day of the month of September was beginning, and made landfall at Pisa; and when, as it is reported, Pontiff Gelasius had gone to the Pisan city and had consecrated the archbishop of the city, counsel having been taken, he entered a ship; then, with divine clemency steering, with favorable winds he crossed over to the Transalpine parts. [1118.3.2] Straightway all the archbishops, and the bishops and other nobles received him with ineffable joy and immense honor; thus therefore, Gelasius being welcomed, he conversed with the aforesaid king of the English. [1118.3.3] Thereafter the Apostolic one himself established that in the following month of March he would celebrate a synod with the fathers of France and the Teutons, and there, with the Holy Spirit mediating, they would speak about the dissension between priesthood and kingship, canvassed far and wide.

[1118.3.4] Quantas autem divitias et munera argenti et auri partibus in illis Apostolicus ille lucratus est, si sigillatim describere vellem, prius me tempus desereret, quam copia recitandi. [1118.3.5] Sed antequam terminus statutus synodum celebrandi advenisset, apud monasterium Sancti Petri, quod vocatur Clunia, ubi diligenter morabatur, egritudinis mole detentus est. [1118.3.6] Confestim se infirmitatis validae dissolutione teneri persentiens Palestrinum acciri iussit episcopum, et imponere illi tanti honoris culmen Romanae Sedis satagebat; previdebat enim se, ut fragilitatis est, corpore dissolvi.

[1118.3.4] But how many riches and gifts of silver and of gold that Apostolic acquired in those parts, if I wished to describe them in detail, time would desert me sooner than the supply for reciting. [1118.3.5] But before the appointed term for celebrating the synod had arrived, at the monastery of Saint Peter, which is called Cluny, where he was diligently abiding, he was detained by the mass of sickness. [1118.3.6] Forthwith, perceiving himself to be held by the dissolution of a strong infirmity, he ordered the bishop of Palestrina to be summoned, and was striving to impose upon him the summit of so great an honor, the pinnacle of the Roman See; for he foresaw that he, as is the way of fragility, would be dissolved from the body.

[1118.3.7] Audiens itaque episcopus ipse huiusmodi verba pontificem proferentem, [1118.3.8] "Absit", inquit, "omnino absit, ut tanti honoris ponderisque cacumen indignus ego, et infelix, suscipiam, precipue cum auxilio Dei et seculari virtute divitiarum Romana Sedes, temporibus nostris sub persecutionis flagello dedita, defendi oporteat, et muniri! [1118.3.9] Si vero meis acquiescere velitis consiliis, Viennensem archiepiscopum, virum utique religiosum, prudentisque animi et secularibus ornatum virtutibus, ad tale tantumque patrocinium eligamus. [1118.3.10] Dei namque consilio, et beati Petri meritis et viri huius solatio Romanam Sedem, sub tantae persecutionis periculo diutissime oppressam, credimus ad serenitatem triumphumque sublevari". [1118.3.11] Quid multa?

[1118.3.7] Therefore the bishop himself, hearing the pontiff uttering words of this kind, said, [1118.3.8] "Far be it," he says, "by all means far be it, that I, unworthy and unlucky, should take up the summit of so great an honor and weight, especially since, with the help of God and the secular might of riches, the Roman See, in our times given over under the scourge of persecution, ought to be defended and fortified! [1118.3.9] But if you are willing to acquiesce in my counsels, let us choose the archbishop of Vienne, a man indeed religious, of prudent mind and adorned with secular virtues, for such and so great a patronage. [1118.3.10] For by God’s counsel, and by the merits of blessed Peter and by this man’s solace, we believe that the Roman See, long oppressed under the peril of so great a persecution, will be lifted up to serenity and triumph." [1118.3.11] Why say more?

Et Gelasio infirmanti pontifici, et ceteris cardinalibus aliisque omnibus episcopi sermo complacuit; nec mora, archiepiscopum illum accersiri iubent, ut dicta factis compleant et perseverent. [1118.3.12] Qui vero vocatus viribus totis renuit, seseque tanti officii culmine indignum clamitabat; sed celesti clementia ordinante, ad pontificalem infulam, Gelasio egrotante et volente, promovetur. [1118.3.13] Die vero altera adveniente, Gelasius pontifex, quarto videlicet kalendas Februarii, apud predictum monasterium feliciter ex huius mundi ergastulo migravit ad Dominum.

And to Gelasius the ailing pontiff, and to the other cardinals and to all the rest, the bishop’s discourse was pleasing; nor was there delay: they order that that archbishop be summoned, that they may complete the words with deeds and persevere. [1118.3.12] But he, when called, refused with all his strength, and kept proclaiming himself unworthy of the summit of so great an office; but, heavenly clemency ordering it, he is advanced to the pontifical mitre, Gelasius being ill and willing. [1118.3.13] When, however, the next day arrived, Gelasius the pontiff, namely on the fourth day before the Kalends of February, at the aforesaid monastery happily migrated from the prison-house of this world to the Lord.

[1118.4.1] Protinus, consilio invento, cardinales, qui illic aderant, Petro Portuensi episcopo, quem pontifex Gelasius Romae vicarium dimiserat, et ipsius Gelasii obitum, et qualiter archiepiscopum illum in pontificem Calixtum elegerant, studiose delegaverunt. [1118.4.2] Portuensis autem episcopus, literis acceptis, super ipsius Apostolici morte, lacrimis manantibus, valde contristatus est. [1118.4.3] Illico cardinales cum eo euntes pluresque Romanorum fidelium convocans, Capitolium ascendit, ibique litteras missas ostendit, et legi precepit.

[1118.4.1] Immediately, counsel having been found, the cardinals who were present there diligently sent word to Peter, bishop of Portus, whom Pope Gelasius had left at Rome as vicar, both of the death of Gelasius himself and of how they had elected that archbishop as pontiff Calixtus. [1118.4.2] The bishop of Portus, however, on receiving the letters, was greatly saddened over the death of the Apostolic himself, tears flowing. [1118.4.3] Straightway, the cardinals going with him and summoning many of the faithful among the Romans, he ascended the Capitol, and there he showed the letters that had been sent and ordered them to be read.

[1118.4.4] Quibus lectis, una voce et concordia Dominum laudavere omnipotentem, quod eis virum prudentem et ornatum moribus in pontificem largitus est; de obitu vero Apostolici Gelasii valde turbati sunt. [1118.4.5] His ita gestis, consilii studio invento, prefatus episcopus Landulpho Beneventano antistiti, et Ugoni cardinali Beneventum regenti, clero et populo Beneventano Gelasii mortem et Calixti electionem ordinatim mittere curavit. [1118.4.6] Continuo Landulphus antistes cives, presbiterosque omnes et episcopii clericos ad Sacrum fecit vocari palatium, ut eis ordinem rei annuntiaret; quibus accitis, literas illas legi iussit, et exponi: nec mora, predicti Calixti electionem unanimiter laudantes firmaverunt.

[1118.4.4] When these were read, with one voice and concord they praised the omnipotent Lord, because He had bestowed upon them as pontiff a man prudent and adorned in morals; but at the death of the Apostolic Gelasius they were greatly troubled. [1118.4.5] With these things thus done, a plan of counsel having been devised, the aforesaid bishop took care to send in due order to Landulf, the Beneventan prelate, and to Ugo the cardinal governing Benevento, and to the clergy and people of Benevento, the death of Gelasius and the election of Calixtus. [1118.4.6] Immediately Bishop Landulf had the citizens, and all the presbyters and the clerics of the bishopric, called to the Sacred Palace, that he might announce to them the order of the matter; and when they had been summoned, he ordered those letters to be read and explained: without delay, praising with unanimity the election of the aforesaid Calixtus, they confirmed it.

[1118.4.7] Deinde "Te Deum laudamus" canendo prorumpunt; sicque archiepiscopus ipse, et Ugo cardinalis, clericorumque turba copiosa et civium multitudo a predicto Sacro palatio usque ad episcopium cantando descendimus. [1118.4.8] Postea vero eminentiori loco antistes ille ascendens cives oratus est, ut fidelitatis manum erga Romanam Sedem perpetuo conservarent; quo facto, ad propria remeavimus.

[1118.4.7] Then, breaking out into singing “We praise thee, O God,” thus the archbishop himself, and Ugo the cardinal, and a copious throng of clerics and a multitude of citizens, from the aforesaid Sacred palace down to the episcopium, we descended singing. [1118.4.8] Afterward, however, that prelate, ascending to a more eminent place, urged the citizens to perpetually conserve the hand of fealty toward the Roman See; this having been done, we returned to our own homes.

[1119.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo nono decimo, et primo anno pontificatus domini Calixti secundi summi pontificis et universalis papae, mense Martio, duodecima indictione. [1119.1.2] Eodem mense Martio, predictus Beneventanus archiepiscopus videns civitatem variis predarum afflictionibus ex omni parte confundi et divastari, suaeque parrochiae ecclesias a raptoribus vexari cotidie, synodum decimo die intrante mensis eiusdem Martii celebravit; ad cuius sacri conventus presentiam Tusculanus affuit episcopus, et Ugo supranominatus cardinalis, et cardinalis alius, et Beneventanae Sedis suffraganei circiter viginti; monasteriorum abbates sex affuere. [1119.1.3] Inter cetera vero, quae in ipso conventu statuta sunt, omnes male facientes Beneventi, et disturbantes mercatores ad civitatem venientes et redeuntes, sub anathematis vinculo alligavit; conventu itaque pie et ordinate finito, unusquisque ad propria repedavit.

[1119.1.1] In the year 1119, and in the first year of the pontificate of Lord Calixtus the Second, supreme pontiff and universal pope, in the month of March, in the twelfth indiction. [1119.1.2] In that same month of March, the aforesaid archbishop of Benevento, seeing the city on every side confounded and devastated by various afflictions of plunder, and the churches of his diocese vexed daily by marauders, held a synod on the tenth day at the beginning of that same month of March; at which sacred convocation there were present the bishop of Tusculum, and Ugo the above-named cardinal, and another cardinal, and about twenty suffragans of the See of Benevento; six abbots of monasteries were present. [1119.1.3] And among the other things that were decreed in that assembly, he bound under the bond of anathema all evildoers in Benevento, and those disturbing merchants coming to and returning from the city; the convent thus piously and orderly finished, each one went back to his own.

[1119.2.1] De guerra autem Iordanis comitis supramemorati, si vestrae placuerit caritati, et comitis Rainulphi aliquid succincte narrabo. [1119.2.2] Cumque iam, ut dictum est, Montis Militis castrum et Montis Aperti destructum fuisset, prefatus Robertus de Monte Fusco castellum aliud, quod Tufum vocatur, sepissime agressus est; qui vero, ut dominum castri et habitatores terroribus variis commoveret, bellorum machinationibus assiduis acriter expugnavit. [1119.2.3] Deinde, mortis inaudito consilio invento, rusticorum sata, et vineas silvasque igni ferroque depopulatus est; sata quidem rusticorum noviter aspersa, quod nunquam a seculo auditum est, rastris et aratris iterato volvi et divastari precepit!

[1119.2.1] Concerning the war of the aforesaid Count Jordan, if it please your charity, I will also relate something succinctly of Count Rainulf. [1119.2.2] And when now, as has been said, the stronghold of Montis Militis and of Montis Aperti had been destroyed, the aforesaid Robert of Montefusco very often assaulted another castle, which is called Tufum; and indeed, in order to move the lord of the castle and the inhabitants with various terrors, he with assiduous machinations of war sharply besieged it. [1119.2.3] Then, an unheard-of counsel of death having been devised, he laid waste the peasants’ sowings, and the vineyards and woods, with fire and iron; indeed the peasants’ sowings, newly scattered, which has never been heard since the world began, he ordered to be turned over again and devastated by rakes and ploughs!

[1119.2.4] Dominus autem castri, Rao nomine, nec bellorum turbinibus neque tali mortifera confusione turbatus castrum illud viriliter et animose obtinuit Iordanis comitis ad fidelitatem. [1119.2.5] Preterea Iordanis comitis patruus, iam nominatus Robertus, cotidie adversus eum seditionum conventicula et minarum iacula, ut erat viperei cordis, operabatur: sepissime namque cum comite Rainulpho et Robertus de Monte Fusco de ipsius Iordanis comitis infestationibus et damnorum periculis confabulabatur. [1119.2.6] Tandem cordis sui silentia, quae iugiter meditabatur, aperiens, castellum, quod Templanum vocatur, a comite Iordano expetiit, et sic fidelis et amicus eius diebus omnibus ipse permaneret; agebat autem, quod cuidam filio suo naturali, quem diligebat, castrum illud sacramento comes ille firmaret.

[1119.2.4] But the lord of the castle, Rao by name, disturbed neither by the whirlwinds of wars nor by such death‑bearing confusion, held that castle manfully and spiritedly in the fealty of Count Jordan. [1119.2.5] Moreover, the uncle of Count Jordan, the already‑named Robert, daily was working against him seditions’ conventicles and the javelins of menaces—since he was of a viperine heart; for very often he used to confer with Count Rainulf and Robert of Montefusco about the infestations against that Count Jordan and the dangers of losses. [1119.2.6] At length, opening the silences of his heart, which he was continually mulling over, he requested from Count Jordan the castle which is called Templanum, and thus he himself would remain his faithful and friend for all his days; moreover, he was pressing that the count should secure that castle, by an oath, to a certain natural son of his, whom he loved.

[1119.2.7] Comes autem haec audiens mentis afflictione, ultra quam credi potest, perculsus, valde super his mirabatur. [1119.2.8] Continuo suos omnes vocari fecit barones, et super hoc tanto et tali negotio studiose ab illis consilium perquisivit; qui vero comitis necessitates quae supererant, et Roberti illius mentis perfidiam cognoscentes, et aliter erga comitis fidelitatem converti non posse aspicientes, ut petitionibus suis usquequaque faveret, consilium tribuerunt. [1119.2.9] Ventilato itaque et firmato consilio, in presentia Landulphi archiepiscopi, et Ugonis cardinalis, aliorumque Beneventanorum et procerum, qui ad tale tantumque spectaculum convenerant, petitiones cunctas illius adimplevit; deinde, sacramento mediante, comitis Iordani fidelis et amicus effectus est.

[1119.2.7] But the Count, hearing these things, stricken with an affliction of mind beyond what can be believed, marveled greatly at them. [1119.2.8] Immediately he had all his barons summoned, and about this so great and such a business he diligently sought counsel from them; and they, recognizing the necessities of the count which still remained, and the perfidy of that Robert’s mind, and seeing that he could not otherwise be brought over toward the count’s fidelity, gave counsel that he should in every way favor his petitions. [1119.2.9] Therefore, the counsel having been ventilated and confirmed, in the presence of Archbishop Landulf and Cardinal Hugh, and other Beneventans and magnates who had come together to such and so great a spectacle, he fulfilled all his petitions; then, with the sacrament intervening, he was made the faithful and friend of Count Jordan.

[1119.2.10] His taliter actis, centum milites pro eius servitio obtinuit: confestim, vicem redens pro acceptis, segetes omnes militum Montis Fusci depopulatus est. [1119.2.11] Contigit autem, dum die quadam Landulphus de Greca, Montis Fusci comestabulus, super castrum iam dictum nomine Tufum militum caterva stipatus tenderet, comes Iordanus occulte invigilans eos agreditur, prosternit, et duodecim milites illorum comprehendit, armis omnibus eorum acceptis; inter quos miles nomine Eternus, et Brienus captivi perducti sunt. [1119.2.12] Audiens autem Rainulphus comes fidelium suorum stragem immensam et a comite Iordano ita superari non patiens, militum fere quatringentorum copiam et peditum multitudinem congregavit; quibus congregatis, multotiens minabatur se terram comitis Iordani ingressurum et castrum aliquod eius igni ferroque consumari.

[1119.2.10] With these things thus done, he obtained a hundred knights for his service; immediately, rendering return for the things received, he ravaged all the crops of the knights of Monte Fusco. [1119.2.11] It happened, moreover, that while on a certain day Landulf of Greca, constable of Monte Fusco, was advancing upon the already-mentioned castle named Tufum, packed with a band of knights, Count Jordan, keeping watch secretly, attacks them, throws them down, and seizes twelve of their knights, having taken all their arms; among whom a knight named Eternus and Brienus were led away captive. [1119.2.12] But Count Rainulf, hearing of the immense slaughter of his faithful men and not enduring to be thus overmatched by Count Jordan, gathered a force of nearly 400 knights and a multitude of foot-soldiers; and when these had been assembled, he often threatened that he would enter Count Jordan’s land and have some castle of his consumed by fire and iron.

[1119.2.13] Tandem, militum peditumque manu illa assumpta, Iordani comitis terram ingressus est; nam, sicut ipse sepius dixerat, non ausus est castellum illius agredi neque belli sonitum preparare sed, ut nominis sui gloria levaretur et comitem Iordanum terreret, confinia castelli, quod Pesclum nominatur, intravit; sicque, nullo concursu suorum parato, ad propria reversus est. [1119.2.14] Comes autem Iordanus, ut providi et sapientis erat ingenii, Rainulphi comitis agnoscens proterviam et huiusmodi audaciam non ex prudentum thesauris procedere, trecentorum militum caterva stipatus circa eius confinia districte morabatur; agebat quidem comitem illum non sic stulte sectari sed munitiones suas, si oporteret, viriliter contueri.

[1119.2.13] At length, taking up that band of knights and foot-soldiers, he entered the land of Count Jordan; for, as he himself had said often, he did not dare to attack that one’s castle nor to prepare the sound of war, but, that the glory of his name might be lifted up and to terrify Count Jordan, he entered the confines of the castle which is called Pesclum; and thus, with no concourse of his men prepared, he returned to his own places. [1119.2.14] But Count Jordan, as he was of a provident and wise nature, recognizing that Count Rainulf’s insolence and audacity of this sort did not proceed from the treasuries of the prudent, hedged about with a troop of three hundred knights was strictly staying around his borders; indeed, he managed not to pursue that count so foolishly, but, if it should be needful, to manfully watch over his fortifications.

[1119.3.1] Hoc anno, quinto decimo die intrante mensis Maii, Benevantanus archiepiscopus Landulphus supramemoratus, consilio salutis invento, corpora sanctorum Martiani, Dori, Potiti et Prosperi, Felicis, Cervoli atque Stephani, quae prisco ex tempore non honeste tumba quadam iacuerant, coram omnibus propalavit. [1119.3.2] Corporibus namque illis taliter foras eductis, ex ossibus eorum duo in conspectu civium antistes prefatus poni magna cum reverentia, ut crederent, precepit. [1119.3.3] Fama igitur per civitatem ventilata, concursus magnus factus est virorum ac mulierum et cursu precipiti oblationibus ossa illa lacrimando osculabantur; quae vero ossa sanctorum indignus ego osculatus sum.

[1119.3.1] In this year, on the fifteenth day of the month of May, the above-mentioned Beneventan archbishop Landulf, having devised a counsel of salvation, brought to light before all the bodies of the saints Martianus, Dorus, Potitus and Prosper, Felix, Cervolus, and Stephen, which from ancient time had lain not honorably in a certain tomb. [1119.3.2] With those bodies thus led forth, the aforesaid prelate ordered that two from their bones be placed, with great reverence, in the sight of the citizens, so that they might believe. [1119.3.3] Therefore, the report being broadcast through the city, a great concourse of men and women was made, and, in headlong haste, with offerings, they kissed those bones with tears; and those bones of the saints I, unworthy, kissed.

[1119.3.4] Biduo autem postquam corpora illa sanctorum foras educta sunt, predictus antistes presbiteros omnes civitatis ad episcopium vocari precepit, quatenus de tantorum sanctorum laudibus agendis colloquerentur. [1119.3.5] Continuo, consilio assumpto, dedit in mandatis, ut primum presbiteri portae Summae ad episcopium iubilando cereis et lampadibus descenderent, et coram sanctorum ossibus laudes Deo et eis decantarent; secundo quidem presbiteri portae Aureae; tertio autem portae Ruffinae; quarto Forenses; quinto Civitatis Novae; postremo vero civitatis totius presbiteri et viri, quatenus una in honore Dei et sanctorum illorum aggregati Omnipotentis misericordiam invocarent, ut eorum intercessionibus delictorum veniam consequerentur. [1119.3.6] Presbiteri autem pastoris iussa audientes, sicut imperaverat, executi sunt; continuo portarum singularum sacerdotes in unum congregati sunt, et laudibus innumeris ordinatim ad sanctorum corpora descendebant.

[1119.3.4] Two days after the bodies of those saints were brought out, the aforesaid prelate ordered that all the presbyters of the city be summoned to the episcopal residence, so that they might confer about rendering the praises of such great saints. [1119.3.5] Straightway, counsel having been taken, he gave orders that first the presbyters of the Gate Summa should descend to the episcopal residence with jubilation, with candles and lamps, and before the bones of the saints should chant praises to God and to them; secondly, indeed, the presbyters of the Golden Gate; third, however, of the Ruffina Gate; fourth, the Forenses; fifth, of the New City; lastly, indeed, the presbyters of the whole city and the men, so that together, aggregated in honor of God and of those saints, they might invoke the mercy of the Almighty, that by their intercessions they might obtain pardon of sins. [1119.3.6] But the presbyters, hearing the commands of the shepherd, carried them out just as he had ordered; immediately the priests of each of the gates were gathered into one, and with praises without number, in due order they descended to the bodies of the saints.

[1119.3.7] Virorum autem, et mulierum et puerorum turbam canentium, quae precedebat et quae sequebatur, cereis in altum positis et accensis, lector, si cerneres, et de tanto gaudio ultra humanum modum exultares et ex cordis profundo lacrimas rivo irriguo produceres: processionem enim insolitam cerneres, et quod a multis annorum spatiis inauditum est, Beneventana civitas ob sanctorum honorem amoremque modo est operata. [1119.3.8] Regem quidem testor celorum, quod si lingua triplicatos ederet sonos et vox incessabili plectro promeretur, tanti gaudii pondus et tantarum laudium densitatem nullo modo exarare valerem: quis unquam civium tempore isto viventium sic prorsus civitatem letari potuerit recordari? [1119.3.9] Credo vero sub beati apostoli Bartholomei, patroni civitatis, adventum ita prorsus gaudio magno civitatem impletam fuisse.

[1119.3.7] But the crowd of men, and of women and of boys singing, both that which went before and that which followed, with candles set aloft and lit—reader, if you had seen it, you would have exulted from so great joy beyond the human measure, and from the depth of your heart you would have drawn forth tears in an irrigating stream: for you would have beheld an unusual procession, and a thing which for a span of many years has been unheard-of; the Beneventan city has in this way acted on account of the honor and love of the saints. [1119.3.8] I call to witness the King of the heavens, that if my tongue were to emit triplicated sounds and my voice were accompanied by an unceasing plectrum, I would in no way be able to write out the weight of so great joy and the density of so great lauds: who of the citizens living in this time could ever recall the city to have rejoiced thus outright? [1119.3.9] I truly believe that at the advent of the blessed apostle Bartholomew, the patron of the city, the city was altogether filled with great joy in just this way.

[1119.3.10] Nam, ut Beneventanorum memoria per duas generationes allevaretur, abbates omnes ecclesiarum studio magno lignorum machinationes mirabili constructas artificio composuerunt. [1119.3.11] Civitatis autem Novae presbiteri, ut studiosiores prae omnibus viderentur, lignorum machinam quandam, circumquaque cereis lampadibusque immensis obductam, ad sanctorum corpora produxere; infra eam vero iuvenes cum timpanis, cum citharis tinnientibus vidimus insultantes: campanas namque et tintinnabula multa infra struem illam videbamus. [1119.3.12] Sacerdotes denique in albis vestiti cum vexillis et multo cereorum comitatu coram sanctorum ossibus decantabant.

[1119.3.10] For, that the memory of the Beneventans might be raised up for two generations, all the abbots of the churches, with great zeal, assembled machines of wood, marvelously constructed by artifice. [1119.3.11] The priests, however, of the New City, so that they might appear more zealous than all, brought forth to the saints’ bodies a certain machine of wood, all around overlaid with immense candles and lamps; and within it indeed we saw youths leaping, with timbrels, with tinkling citharae: for we were seeing bells and many small bells within that structure. [1119.3.12] Finally the priests, clad in albs, with banners and a great retinue of candles, were chanting before the bones of the saints.

[1119.3.13] Novissime autem Alechisius archiadiaconus talem tantamque per singulas civitatis partes partiumque angulos letitiam insolitam fieri aspiciens, consilio accepto, mirabilem quandam lignorum structuram pro ecclesiae Sancti Laurentii honore, quam regebat, et totius civitatis precepit componi; illic vero artifices multos, lector, si adesses, conspiceres, ibi stolii manus operantes videres, sub quorum vero industria ad naviculae instar facta est. [1119.3.14] Qua demum peracta, super illam magni ponderis campanam, et multa alia genera metallorum vociferantia et cereos multos accensos imponi precepit; hominem namque lirizantem et tubas stridentes ad astra ibi associavit; et circa illam cornua crepitantia, timpana mirabiliter percussa, citharae variique generis modulationes tripudiabant. [1119.3.15] O qualem, lector, aspiceres insultationem, quale gaudium per totius civitatis partes cerneres, si interfuisses, quod re vera putares crederesque potius aliam vitam aliamque speciem cordis, oculi et corporis imitari.

[1119.3.13] Lastly, however, Alechisius the archdeacon, seeing such so great and unusual joy being made through each part of the city and the corners of the quarters, having taken counsel, ordered a certain wondrous structure of timbers to be composed for the honor of the Church of Saint Lawrence, which he governed, and of the whole city; there indeed you would behold many craftsmen, reader, if you were present, there you would see the hands of the carpenters working, under whose skill it was made in the likeness of a little ship. [1119.3.14] When this at length was completed, he ordered a bell of great weight, and many other kinds of metals crying out, and many lighted candles to be set upon it; for he added there a man playing the lyre and trumpets shrieking to the stars; and around it horns crackling, timbrels wondrously struck, citharae and modulations of various kinds were exulting. [1119.3.15] O what a leaping you would behold, reader, what joy you would see through the parts of the whole city, if you had been present, so that in very truth you would think and would rather believe another life and another aspect to be imitated by heart, eye, and body.

[1119.3.16] Talibus igitur et tantis modulationibus patratis, ut archidiaconi gloria attolleretur, boves ad illam structuram iniunxit, et iunctis bobus, usque ad Sancti Andreae ecclesiam perduxere. [1119.3.17] Deinde pro densitate edificiorum, quae super plateas inerat, usque ad episcopium boves illam trahere nequiverunt: continuo ad manus virorum multorum machina ipsa sic ponderata ad sanctorum corpora perducta est! [1119.3.18] Et ea perducta, archidiaconus ipse cum clericorum comitatu in albis vestito coram ossibus sanctorum vigilias cantaverunt; quibus finitis unusquisque ad propria reversi sumus.

[1119.3.16] Therefore, with such and so great modulations accomplished, that the archdeacon’s glory might be lifted up, he yoked oxen to that structure, and, the oxen being yoked, they led it as far as the church of Saint Andrew. [1119.3.17] Then, on account of the density of the buildings which stood over the streets, the oxen were not able to drag it as far as the bishop’s palace: straightway, by the hands of many men, the machine itself, thus weighted, was conveyed to the bodies of the saints! [1119.3.18] And when it had been brought there, the archdeacon himself, with a company of clerics dressed in whites, sang the vigils before the bones of the saints; these finished, we each returned to our own places.

[1119.3.19] In crastinum autem predictus antistes, die videlicet decimo stante mensis Maii, cum episcopo Frequentino, et de Monte Marano et Arianensi corpora sanctorum collocavit; inter quos corpus associavit beati Ioannis, vicesimiprimi Beneventani archiepiscopi, qui triginta et tres annos, sicut titulus testabatur, in episcopatum advixit; item corpus Stephani Levitae et corpus alterius sancti, cuius nomen ignorabatur. [1119.3.20] Corpus quidem ipsius Ioannis episcopi, et Stephani Levitae et alterius sancti post predictorum inventionem sanctorum Martiani et eius sociorum inventum est iuxta altare, in quo ipsi requiescebant. [1119.3.21] Ad quorum vero venerabilem dedicationem archipresul ipse quartam partem peccatorum omnibus, qui ad sanctorum visitationem convenerant, condonavit; donavit quoque omnibus aliis, qui usque ad octavum diem apostolorum Petri et Pauli venturum, ad dedicationem hanc convenerint; item sub excommunicationis vinculis posuit omnes male facientes illis, qui ad tantorum sanctorum convenissent dedicationem.

[1119.3.19] On the morrow, moreover, the aforesaid prelate, namely with the tenth day of the month of May standing, together with the bishop of Frequentum, and of Monte Marano and of Ariano, placed the bodies of the saints; among whom he associated the body of the blessed John, the twenty-first archbishop of Benevento, who for thirty-three years, as the title attested, lived on in the episcopate; likewise the body of Stephen the Levite and the body of another saint, whose name was unknown. [1119.3.20] The body indeed of that John the bishop, and of Stephen the Levite, and of the other saint, after the invention of the aforesaid saints Marcianus and his companions, was found near the altar in which they themselves were resting. [1119.3.21] And for their venerable dedication the archprelate himself remitted a fourth part of sins to all who had come together for the visitation of the saints; he granted also to all others who, up to the coming octave-day of the apostles Peter and Paul, would come together to this dedication; likewise he placed under the bonds of excommunication all who did ill to those who had assembled for the dedication of such great saints.

[1119.4.1] Hoc anno, Landulphus Beneventanus archiepiscopus obiit quarta die intrante mensis Augusti, et Roffridus electus est, qui erat tunc archipresbiter.

[1119.4.1] In this year, Landulf, the Beneventan archbishop, died on the fourth day as the month of August was entering, and Roffrid was elected, who was then archpresbyter.

[1119.5.1] Hoc anno, septimo die stante mensis Februarii Alferius iudex a Porta Aurea obiit.

[1119.5.1] In this year, on the seventh day of the standing of the month of February, Alferius, judge from the Golden Gate, died.

[1120.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo vicesimo Dominicae Incarnationis, et secundo anno pontificatus domini Calixti secundi summi pontificis et universalis papae, mense Martio, tertia decima indictione. [1120.1.2] Hoc anno, mense Maio, tertio die ante festivitatem sancti Eustasii magna fluminis Caloris advenit inundatio, quam nemo viventium tempore ipso potuerit recordari.

[1120.1.1] In the year 1120 of the Lord’s Incarnation, and in the 2nd year of the pontificate of Lord Calixtus II, Supreme Pontiff and Universal Pope, in the month of March, in the 13th indiction. [1120.1.2] In this year, in the month of May, on the 3rd day before the feast of Saint Eustasius, a great inundation of the river Calor arrived, which none of the living at that time could recall.

[1120.2.1] Per iddem tempus comes Rainulphus, cuius mentionem fecimus, congregata militum peditumque caterva innumera, una cum Roberto de Monte Fusco supra predictum castellum, quod Tufum vocatur, commeavit. [1120.2.2] Continuo montem quendam munitum valde conscendunt, in quo castelli munitiones mirabiliter construentes, vallo, aggere illud circumeunt et lignorum machinas circumquaque componunt; et eo taliter munito, Tufum illud sepissime acriterque expugnabant; Rao autem, castri dominus, viriliter obviabat. [1120.2.3] Comes igitur Iordanus audiens Rainulphum comitem supra Tufum illud castelli munitiones construxisse, et horis omnibus belli apparatus fecisse, nec mora, collecta equitum peditumque manu copiosa, ad castellum, quod Montis Falconis dicitur, haud longe a Rainulphi comitis tentoriis, tetendit.

[1120.2.1] At the same time Count Rainulf, of whom we made mention, having gathered an innumerable host of knights and foot-soldiers, together with Robert of Montefusco, marched to the aforesaid castle, which is called Tufum. [1120.2.2] Immediately they climb a certain mountain, strongly fortified, where, wondrously constructing the fortifications of a castle, they surround it with a rampart and an embankment, and set up engines of wood on every side; and with it thus fortified, they very often and sharply assaulted that Tufum; but Rao, the lord of the castle, manfully opposed. [1120.2.3] Count Jordan, therefore, hearing that Count Rainulf had constructed the fortifications of a castle above that Tufum and had made preparations for war at every hour, without delay, a plentiful band of horsemen and footmen having been gathered, marched to the castle which is called Mount Falcon, not far from Count Rainulf’s tents.

[1120.2.4] Deinde cardinalem Ugonem Beneventum regentem, et Stephanum rectorem Roffridumque Beneventanum Electum arcessiri precepit; et eis advocatis, ad comitem Rainulphum illos destinavit, addens in mandatis, quod libenter a comite Rainulpho iustitiam sumeret, et ipse ei iustitiam consequeretur. [1120.2.5] Comes haec audiens pollicitus est, et accipere iustitiam et libenter sectari. [1120.2.6] Quid plura?

[1120.2.4] Then he ordered that Cardinal Hugh, governing Beneventum, and Stephen the rector and Roffridus, the Beneventan Elect, be summoned; and with them called in, he dispatched them to Count Rainulph, adding in their mandates that he would gladly take justice from Count Rainulph, and that he himself would obtain justice for him. [1120.2.5] The count, hearing these things, promised both to receive justice and to pursue it gladly. [1120.2.6] What more?

Tufum illud dimittunt et ad pontem Sancti Valentini, magna procerum caterva glomerante, congregantur; confestim coram omnibus, data fide et accepta, treuvam a septimo die stantis mensis Maii et usque ad kalendas Septembris firmiter confirmaverunt; in qua vero treuva civitatem Beneventanam statuere.

They leave that Tufum and gather at the bridge of Saint Valentine, as a great band of magnates was massing; immediately, before all, with faith given and received, they firmly confirmed a truce from the seventh day of the present month of May up to the Kalends of September, and in that truce indeed they placed the city of Benevento.

[1120.3.1] Hoc anno, quinto die stante mensis Maii Capuani constituerunt principem Riccardum, filium Roberti principis, domini eorum, eo quod princeps ipse genitor eius infirmabatur. [1120.3.2] Et eo constituto, Capuanus archiepiscopus, convocatis episcopis aliisque viris prudentibus et Roffrido Beneventano Electo die Ascensionis Domini, quinto die ipsius Maii stante, principem illum consecravit. [1120.3.3] Octavo autem die post eiusdem filii sui consecrationem, princeps ipse genitor suus ex hoc seculo decessit.

[1120.3.1] In this year, on the 5th day of the current month of May, the Capuans constituted as prince Richard, son of Prince Robert, their lord, because that prince, his father, was ailing. [1120.3.2] And he being constituted, the Capuan archbishop, the bishops and other prudent men and Roffrid, the Beneventan Elect, having been convoked, on the Day of the Lord’s Ascension, on the 5th day of that same May, consecrated that prince. [1120.3.3] But on the 8th day after the consecration of that same son of his, the prince himself, his father, departed from this world.

[1120.3.4] Filius autem principis illius, postquam consecratus fuit, decem dies advixit; quo defuncto, Iordanum, predicti Roberti principis fratrem, constituerunt in principatus honorem.

[1120.3.4] The son of that prince, after he had been consecrated, lived for ten days; upon his decease, they appointed Jordan, the brother of the aforesaid Prince Robert, to the honor of the principate.

[1120.4.1] Hoc anno, supramemoratus papa Calixtus ab ultramontanis partibus reversus est, et nono die intrante mensis Iunii Romam ingreditur. [1120.4.2] Unde factum est, quod Petrus Portuensis episcopus, tunc vicarius, cum aliis cardinalibus Romae manentibus, aliisque clericorum turmis et viris utriusque sexus obviam pontifici illi properavit. [1120.4.3] Gaudium igitur populi Romani et letitiam si, lector, aspiceres, diceres et miratus prae gaudio tanto sub honore et triumpho pontificem quempiam Urbem ingressum non fuisse.

[1120.4.1] In this year, the above-remembered Pope Calixtus returned from the regions beyond the mountains, and on the ninth day, as the month of June was entering, he entered Rome. [1120.4.2] Whence it came about that Peter, bishop of Portus, then vicar, together with the other cardinals remaining at Rome, and with other bands of clerics and with men and women, hastened to meet that pontiff. [1120.4.3] Therefore, if, reader, you were to behold the joy and gladness of the Roman people, you would say—and, amazed—that never had any pontiff entered the City with such honor and triumph.

[1120.4.4] Audiens itaque Ugo cardinalis, qui tunc Beneventanam civitatem regebat, Apostolici adventum, Romam festinus tetendit et cum illo cives complures adierunt.

[1120.4.4] Accordingly, hearing of the arrival of the Apostolic, Hugh the Cardinal, who at that time governed the city of Benevento, hastened toward Rome, and together with him several citizens went to meet him.

[1120.5.1] Eodem anno, nono die intrante mensis Iulii Rao nomine dominus Ceppaluni mortuus est.

[1120.5.1] In the same year, on the ninth day as the month of July was entering, Rao by name, lord of Ceppaluni, died.

[1120.6.1] Hoc anno, Bernardus abbas monasterii Sanctae Sophiae tertio kalendas Augusti migravit ad Dominum; post obitum vero ipsius abbatis quaedam monachorum pars, ultimo die stante mensis Iulii, monachum quendam Ademarium nomine, abbatis Madelmi nepotem, in abbatem elegerunt. [1120.6.2] Ad cuius electionem Ioannes venerabilis decanus, Ioannes Grammaticus, vir per cuncta laudabilis, Rao sacerdos et monachus aliique monachorum sapientum non consenserunt: unde factum est, quod discordia ineffabilis inter eos habita est.

[1120.6.1] In this year, Bernard, abbot of the monastery of Saint Sophia, on the third before the Kalends of August, migrated to the Lord; but after the death indeed of that abbot, on the last day standing of the month of July, they chose a certain monk by the name Ademarius, the nephew of Abbot Madelm, as abbot. [1120.6.2] To whose election John the venerable dean, John the Grammarian, a man laudable in all things, Rao, a priest and monk, and other wise monks did not consent: whence it came about that an ineffable discord arose among them.

[1120.7.1] Hoc anno, dominus noster papa Calixtus, accepto consilio, Beneventum advenit, et octavo die intrante mensis Augusti civitatem ingressus est. [1120.7.2] Audiens itaque Beneventanus populus ipsius adventum longe lateque optatum extra civitatem duorum milium spatio gaudio magno repletus egrediebatur; tandem Apostolicus ipse a clericis, hebreis et monachorum turba, et a presbiteris civibusque omnibus gloria et gaudio magno suscipitur. [1120.7.3] Preterea Amalfitani omnes plateas cunctas vestibus sericis, palliisque et ornamentis pretiosis in adventu illius ornaverunt; infra ornamenta vero turribula aurea, argentea cum odoribus et cinnamomo posuerunt.

[1120.7.1] In this year, our lord Pope Calixtus, having taken counsel, came to Beneventum, and on the eighth day with the month of August beginning he entered the city. [1120.7.2] Hearing, therefore, of his advent, longed-for far and wide, the Beneventan people, filled with great joy, were going out beyond the city for a distance of two miles; at length the Apostolic himself is received by the clerics, the Hebrews, and a crowd of monks, and by the priests and all the citizens, with great glory and joy. [1120.7.3] Moreover, the Amalfitans adorned all the streets with silken garments, cloaks, and precious ornaments at his arrival; and among the ornaments indeed they placed golden and silver thuribles with fragrances and cinnamon.

[1120.7.4] Pedes namque Apostolici et habenas equi cives quatuor a ponte Leproso et usque ad portam Sancti Laurentii ducebant; deinde quatuor alii usque ad episcopium; ab episcopio autem quatuor iudices Ioannes, Persicus, Guisliccio et Landulphus usque ad Sacrum Beneventanum palatium detulerunt. [1120.7.5] In comitatu Apostolici, lector, si adesses, timpana percussa, cimbala tinnientia et liras sonantes aspiceres et re vera firmares, Apostolicum alium tali sub triumpho et gaudio ingressum non fuisse civitatem.

[1120.7.4] For the feet of the Apostolic and the reins of the horse four citizens led from the Leper’s Bridge and up to the Gate of Saint Lawrence; then four others as far as the episcopium; but from the episcopium four judges—John, Persicus, Guisliccio, and Landulph—bore him as far as the Sacred Beneventan palace. [1120.7.5] In the comitatus of the Apostolic, reader, if you had been present, you would have beheld tympana struck, cymbals tinkling, and lyres sounding, and you would truly have confirmed that no other Apostolic had entered the city under such triumph and joy.

[1120.8.1] Diebus autem non multis decursis, complures civium, qui amici Landulphi quondam comestabuli extiterant, Apostolicum precantur, quatenus ei copiam habitandi tribueret in civitate: comestabulus vero per triennium Montem Fuscum habitaverat. [1120.8.2] Apostolicus igitur fidelium suorum precibus favens, sicut postulaverant, licentiam impendit; continuo obviam exeuntes cum Iordano comite, qui pro eo venerat, Landulphum illum civitatem introduxere.

[1120.8.1] However, with not many days having elapsed, several of the citizens, who had been friends of Landulf, formerly the constable, beseech the Apostolic, that he would grant him the leave of dwelling in the city: the constable, in truth, had for three years inhabited Montefusco. [1120.8.2] Therefore the Apostolic, favoring the prayers of his faithful, as they had requested, granted the license; immediately, going out to meet him with Count Jordan, who had come on his behalf, they brought that Landulf into the city.

[1120.9.1] Audiens autem Calixtus pontifex discordiam illam, quae inter fratres monasterii Sanctae Sophiae pro electione facta supradicti Ademarii regnabat, monasterium advenit, et congregatis fratribus, satis abundeque super electione tali locutus est. [1120.9.2] Tandem, cognita rei veritate, et quia electio illa canonica et regularis non valebat, a Petro Portuensi episcopo ceterisque cardinalibus, qui illuc convenerant, irrita et fracta iudicata est; confestim a pontifice Calixto confirmatur. [1120.9.3] Quid multa?

[1120.9.1] However, hearing of that discord which was reigning among the brothers of the monastery of Saint Sophia over the election made of the aforesaid Ademar, Calixtus the pontiff came to the monastery, and, the brothers having been gathered, he spoke sufficiently and abundantly about such an election. [1120.9.2] At length, the truth of the matter having been learned, and because that election did not avail as canonical and regular, it was judged void and broken by Peter, the bishop of Porto, and the other cardinals who had gathered there; forthwith it is confirmed by Pontiff Calixtus. [1120.9.3] Why say more?

Licentiam fratribus dedit ut, quem vellent, abbatem eligerent; quo facto, ad palatium Apostolicus reversus est. [1120.9.4] In crastinum autem, quarto decimo die intrante mensis Augusti, tota fratrum collectio locum capituli solitum ingreditur ibique, Spiritu Sancto mediante, de facienda electione pleniter tractavit. [1120.9.5] Interea predictus Ioannes venerabilis decanus personam fratris ad tantum ferendum pondus idoneam elegit, et fratribus in unum congregatis eam patefecit; denique unumquemque interrogavit, si persona ipsa eis complaceret; at ipsi una voce, una concordia dignam fore clamavere.

He gave license to the brothers to choose whom they wished as abbot; which done, the Apostolic returned to the palace. [1120.9.4] On the morrow, however, as the fourteenth day of the month of August was entering, the whole collection of the brothers entered the accustomed chapter place, and there, the Holy Spirit mediating, they fully deliberated about making the election. [1120.9.5] Meanwhile the aforesaid John, the venerable dean, chose the person of a brother suitable to bear so great a burden, and disclosed it to the brothers gathered together as one; finally he asked each one whether that person was pleasing to them; and they, with one voice, with one concord, shouted that the person would be worthy.

[1120.9.6] Fratres vero ipsi numero fere quinquaginta convenerant, et clamantibus illis, personam illam Ioannis quidem Grammatici, virum prudentem, ornatum moribus, comprehendunt et eum invitum et renuentem iubilando cathedram supersedere fecerunt; ipse autem indignum, infelicem se coram nobis omnibus clamitabat. [1120.9.7] Deinde actio venerabilis sacra: et monachus virgam in manu eius pastoralem posuit, et eum ad locum abbatis in capitulo statuerunt; continuo decanus primum, postea fratres omnes pedibus eius, ut moris est, advolvuntur et unicuique pacis osculum ipse donavit. [1120.9.8] Electo autem eo, nuntium Calixto pontifici dirigit congregatio, significans Ioannem Grammaticum electum fuisse; audiens igitur Apostolicus, quod regulariter electio illa fieret, complacuit ei, et confirmavit.

[1120.9.6] The brothers themselves, about fifty in number, had gathered, and as they shouted, they lay hold of that personage—indeed of John the Grammarian, a prudent man, adorned with morals—and, he unwilling and refusing, with jubilation they made him sit upon the cathedra; but he kept crying out before us all that he was unworthy, luckless. [1120.9.7] Then the venerable sacred action: and a monk placed the pastoral rod in his hand, and they set him in the place of the abbot in the chapter; immediately the dean first, afterward all the brothers, as is the custom, roll themselves at his feet, and he himself gave to each the kiss of peace. [1120.9.8] He having been elected, moreover, the congregation sends a message to Pope Calixtus, signifying that John the Grammarian had been elected; therefore the Apostolic, hearing that the election had been made regularly, was pleased, and confirmed it.

[1120.9.9] Diebus autem non multis excursis, predictus pontifex Calixtus monasterium Sanctae Sophiae advenit, et inter Missarum solemnia quarto decimo kalendas Septembris prefatum Ioannem Grammaticum, quem congregatio monasterii elegerat in abbatem, consecravit. [1120.9.10] Die vero ipsius consecrationis dedicatio altaris Beati Mercurii celebratur in Sancta Sophia.

[1120.9.9] However, after not many days had elapsed, the aforesaid pontiff Calixtus arrived at the monastery of Saint Sophia, and amid the solemnities of the Masses on August 19 he consecrated the aforesaid John the Grammarian, whom the congregation of the monastery had elected as abbot. [1120.9.10] But on the very day of his consecration, the dedication of the altar of Blessed Mercurius is celebrated in Saint Sophia.

[1120.10.1] Diebus autem non multis elapsis, prius ad predicti Roffridi electionem pontifex Calixtus inducias posuit, ut ad constitutum tempus ieiunii, mensis quidem Septembris, consecraretur; cumque ad id ventum est, magno cum honore et diligentia eum in Sacro Beneventano palatio presbiterum statuit. [1120.10.2] In crastinum autem, die dominico, coram episcopis decem numero, Sedis Beneventanae suffraganeis, illum ad pontificalem infulam sublimavit; inter quos venerabilis Ioannes monasterii Sanctae Sophiae abbas affuit; die vero consecrationis ipsius festivitas sancti Ianuarii celebratur.

[1120.10.1] But with not many days having elapsed, first, regarding the election of the aforesaid Roffridus, Pope Calixtus set a respite, that at the appointed time of the fast, of the month indeed of September, he might be consecrated; and when it came to that, with great honor and diligence he ordained him presbyter in the Sacred Beneventan palace. [1120.10.2] On the morrow, however, on the Lord’s day, before ten bishops in number, suffragans of the See of Benevento, he raised him to the pontifical miter; among whom the venerable John, abbot of the monastery of Saint Sophia, was present; and on the day of his consecration the feast of Saint Januarius is celebrated.

[1120.11.1] Hoc anno, biduo post consecrationem predicti archiepiscopi Roffridi Calixtus pontifex, consilio accepto, deposuit Stephanum, qui tunc rector fuerat, et ordinavit rectorem Rossemannum diaconum, filium Rossemanni monachi.

[1120.11.1] In this year, two days after the consecration of the aforesaid archbishop Roffridus, Pontiff Calixtus, counsel having been received, deposed Stephen, who had then been rector, and appointed as rector Rossemannus the deacon, son of Rossemannus the monk.

[1121.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo vicesimo primo Dominicae Incarnationis, et tertio anno pontificatus domini Calixti secundi summi pontificis et universalis papae, mense Martio, quartae indictionis. [1121.1.2] Hoc anno, domina Labinia, abbatissa monasterii Sanctae Mariae a Porta Summa, infirmitate valida detenta est. [1121.1.3] Videns itaque se ad mortis transitum tendere, consilio accepto, cunctas ancillas Dei sorores suas vocari precepit; quibus vocatis, ita eas alloquitur: [1121.1.4] "Credo vestram non latere prudentiam, sorores carissimae, quantum erga monasterium istud et vestram caritatem laborem perpessa sum.

[1121.1.1] In the year 1121 of the Lord’s Incarnation, and in the 3rd year of the pontificate of lord Calixtus the second, supreme pontiff and universal pope, in the month of March, of the 4th indiction. [1121.1.2] In this year, lady Labinia, abbess of the monastery of Saint Mary at the Upper Gate, was detained by a strong infirmity. [1121.1.3] Therefore, seeing herself to be tending to the passage of death, advice having been taken, she commanded that all the handmaids of God, her sisters, be called; and when they had been called, thus she addresses them: [1121.1.4] "I believe it does not escape your prudence, dearest sisters, how much labor I have endured on behalf of this monastery and your charity.

[1121.1.5] Unde, Deo favente et vestris orationibus succedentibus, status monasterii huius enituit et ad perfectionis culmen attinxit. [1121.1.6] Nunc autem, sicut conspicitis, validae infirmitatis periculo teneor et certa sum ab hoc corpore cito dissolvi: familiaritatem igitur vestram suppliciter postulo, quatenus petitionibus meis faveatis; presertim cum, Deo teste, nihil preter monasterii proficuum a vobis petiero. [1121.1.7] Previdi enim corde post meum decessum, discordiam electionis oriundam et monasterii causas ad detrimentum pervenire; unde, si vestrae placuerit caritati, vivente me, discidium hoc auferatur et personam, quam dixero, abbatissam statuamus". [1121.1.8] Quid plura?

[1121.1.5] Whence, with God favoring and your prayers succeeding, the status of this monastery has shone forth and has attained to the summit of perfection. [1121.1.6] Now, however, as you behold, I am held by the peril of a strong infirmity and I am certain to be soon dissolved from this body: therefore I humbly request your familiarity, to the end that you may favor my petitions; especially since, God being witness, I will have asked nothing from you except the profit of the monastery. [1121.1.7] For I have foreseen in my heart that after my decease a discord of election would arise and the causes of the monastery would come to detriment; whence, if it shall have pleased your charity, while I am living, let this rift be removed and let us establish as abbess the person whom I shall have named". [1121.1.8] What more?

Bethleem, filiam Girardi comitis de Grecis, patefecit; audita itaque persona eis complacuit, et studium electionis laudaverunt. [1121.1.9] His actis, predicta domina Labinia abbatissa migravit ad Dominum; continuo Roffridum Beneventanum archiepiscopum et Rachisium Sancti Modesti abbatem arcessiri iubent, ut factum illud firmarent et statuerent; qui vero petitionibus earum faventes factum illud firmaverunt. [1121.1.10] Diebus autem non multis elapsis, archiepiscopus ipse monasterium advenit et abbatissam illam secundum ordinem regulae nobis et multis aliis viris consecravit aspicientibus; ad cuius sacrationem Ioannes venerabilis abbas Sanctae Sophiae et predictus Rachisius abbas Sancti Modesti convenerunt, quarto die intrante mensis Aprilis.

She disclosed Bethleem, daughter of Girard, count de Grecis; the person thus proposed, when heard of, pleased them, and they praised the zeal of the election. [1121.1.9] With these things done, the aforesaid lady Labinia the abbess migrated to the Lord; immediately they order that Roffridus, the Beneventan archbishop, and Rachisius, abbot of Saint Modestus, be summoned, that they might confirm and establish that act; and they, favoring their petitions, confirmed that act. [1121.1.10] After not many days had elapsed, the archbishop himself came to the monastery and consecrated that abbess according to the order of the rule, with us and many other men looking on; to whose consecration John, the venerable abbot of Saint Sophia, and the aforesaid Rachisius, abbot of Saint Modestus, assembled, on the fourth day as the month of April was beginning.

[1121.2.1] Hoc anno, octavo decimo kalendas Iunii Robertus de Monte Fusco a Rogerio, filio Trogisii, et fratribus suis apud Beneventum gladiis, heu miser, maceratus est: quem si, lector, aspiceres, capite orribiliter ceso membrisque eius divisis et per partes diffusis, miseratione motus lacrimarum fontem super eo produceres et de tali tantoque homicidio mirareris! [1121.2.2] Predictus autem Ioannes monasterii Sanctae Sophiae abbas venerabilis cum quibusdam fratribus ad cadaver illud properavit, et eo viso, mirabiliter orruit mirabiliusque lacrimatus est; nec mora, illum taliter cruentatum ad monasterium perduci precepit, quem iuxta ritum Christianorum occisorum sepellierunt. [1121.2.3] Confestim comes Iordanus Montem Fuscum properavit, et pactis intervenientibus, suae castellum illud obtinuit potestati.

[1121.2.1] In this year, on the eighteenth day before the Kalends of June, Robert of Montefusco was by Roger, son of Trogisius, and his brothers at Beneventum with swords—alas, poor wretch—mangled: whom, if you, reader, should look upon, with his head horribly cut and his limbs severed and scattered in pieces, moved by compassion you would draw forth a fountain of tears over him and would marvel at such and so great a homicide! [1121.2.2] But the aforesaid John, venerable abbot of the monastery of Saint Sophia, hastened with certain brothers to that corpse, and, on seeing it, he collapsed in wonder and more wondrously wept; without delay, he ordered that man, thus blood-besmeared, to be conveyed to the monastery, whom they buried according to the rite of Christians who have been slain. [1121.2.3] Straightway Count Jordan hastened to Montefusco, and, terms intervening, he obtained that castle under his power.

[1121.3.1] Eodem anno, supradictus pontifex Calixtus, exercitu congregato, super civitatem nomine Sutrim tetendit: Gregorius autem ille, quem predictus rex in pontificem statuerat, civitatem ipsam obtinebat. [1121.3.2] Quid longius morer? Viribus sumptis, civitatem illam comprehenderunt et Gregorium illum turpissime, ultra quam credi potest, iniuriis afflictum ligaverunt; deinde illum super camelo imponentes Romam taliter captivum et vestibus propriis exutum perduxere, nono kalendas Maias.

[1121.3.1] In the same year, the above-said pontiff Calixtus, an army having been congregated, marched upon the city by the name Sutrium: but that Gregory, whom the aforesaid king had appointed as pontiff, was holding the city itself. [1121.3.2] Why should I delay longer? Strength having been taken up, they seized that city and bound that Gregory, most shamefully, afflicted with outrages beyond what can be believed; then, setting him upon a camel, they led him to Rome thus a captive and stripped of his own garments, on the ninth day before the Kalends of May.

[1121.3.3] Pontifex igitur Calixtus Deo et Petro apostolo gratias agens, gaudio magno repletus Urbem triumphans ingressus est; deinde, consilio invento, ad monasterium Sanctae Trinitatis, quod Cava dicitur, illum delegavit.

[1121.3.3] Accordingly the pontiff Calixtus, giving thanks to God and to the apostle Peter, filled with great joy, entered the City in triumph; then, having taken counsel, he consigned him to the monastery of the Holy Trinity, which is called Cava.

[1121.4.1] His ita peractis, predictus pontifex Calixtus, consilio invento, Salernum ivit, quinto die intrante mensis Septembris, ut pacis firmamentum cum duce Guidelmo et Rogerio comite confirmaret.

[1121.4.1] With these things thus completed, the aforesaid pontiff Calixtus, counsel having been found, went to Salerno, on the fifth day as the month of September was beginning, in order that he might confirm the firmament of peace with Duke William and Count Roger.

[1121.5.1] Hoc anno, quarto kalendas Septembris archiepiscopus Salernitanus, nomine Alfanus, defunctus est; quo defuncto, Calixtus supramemoratus pontifex Romualdum diaconum cardinalem archiepiscopum Salerni consecravit, mense Septembris mediante.

[1121.5.1] In this year, on the fourth day before the Kalends of September, the archbishop of Salerno, by name Alfanus, died; and he being deceased, Calixtus, the above-mentioned pontiff, consecrated Romuald, cardinal deacon, archbishop of Salerno, with the month of September at its middle.

[1121.6.1] Hoc anno, Robertus Sclavus obiit decimo die stante mensis Decembris, et Rachisius abbas Sancti Modesti; ad cuius obitum Ioannes venerabilis abbas monasterii Sanctae Sophiae cum quibusdam fratribus properavit. [1121.6.2] Continuo cadaver eius ex more paratum ad monasterium sepelliendum perduxit; deinde, peractis exequiis, in tumba quadam marmorea positum est.

[1121.6.1] In this year, Robert the Slav died on the tenth day of the month of December, and Rachisius, abbot of Saint Modestus; at whose death John, the venerable abbot of the monastery of Saint Sophia, hastened with certain brothers. [1121.6.2] Immediately he conveyed his cadaver, prepared according to custom, to the monastery to be buried; then, the obsequies having been performed, it was placed in a certain marble tomb.

[1121.7.1] Aliud quoque, si placuerit, explicabo. [1121.7.2] Septima namque die kalendarum Martiarum Agnes, abbatissa monasterii Sancti Petri Apostoli, quod situm est infra civitatem Beneventanam, in Sacro Beneventano palatio ascendit et super Bethleem, abbatissam monasterii Sanctae Mariae, quod est constructum ad portam Summam conquesta est, videlicet quod contra voluntatem suam abbatissa effecta esset de predicto monasterio Sanctae Mariae, affirmans quidem monasterium illud suae ditioni positum et monasterio Beati Petri subditum esse. [1121.7.3] Apostolicus autem hoc audiens predictam Bethleem vocari precepit, ut iustitiam ex hoc consequeretur.

[1121.7.1] I will also explain another thing, if it shall have pleased. [1121.7.2] For on the seventh day before the Kalends of March, Agnes, abbess of the monastery of Saint Peter the Apostle, which is situated within the city of Benevento, went up into the Sacred Beneventan palace and lodged a complaint against Bethleem, abbess of the monastery of Saint Mary, which is constructed at the Summa Gate, namely that, contrary to her will, she had been made abbess of the aforesaid monastery of Saint Mary, affirming indeed that that monastery was placed under her jurisdiction and was subject to the monastery of Blessed Peter. [1121.7.3] But the Apostolic, hearing this, ordered that the aforesaid Bethleem be summoned, so that justice might be obtained in this matter.

[1121.7.4] Continuo adveniens querimonias audivit et per advocatos suos respondit, se dictis illius fidem dare non debere, nisi rationibus scriptis, quae dixerat, probaret. [1121.7.5] Tunc Apostolicus, quia valde infirmabatur, curiam in conspectu suo servare non poterat: Divitio Tusculano episcopo, et Grisocono cancellario, Roberto Pariensi et aliis cardinalibus precepit, ut super hoc negotio iudices existerent et discordiam utriusque monasterii, rationibus cognitis, sedarent; quod et factum est. [1121.7.6] His ita decursis, prefata Agnes abbatissa per advocatum suum ostendit privilegium quoddam, per quod Leoprand, olim dux civitatis Beneventanae, concessit et tradidit predictam ecclesiam Sanctae Mariae cum omnibus suis pertinentiis sub iure et dominio predicti monasterii Sancti Petri Apostoli.

[1121.7.4] Coming at once she heard the complaints and through her advocates replied that she ought not to give faith to her assertions unless she proved what she had said by written reasons. [1121.7.5] Then the Apostolic, because he was very infirm, could not keep court in his sight: he ordered Divitius, bishop of Tusculum, and Grisogonus the chancellor, Robert of Paris, and the other cardinals to be judges over this business and, the reasons having been known, to settle the discord of both monasteries; and this was done. [1121.7.6] With these things thus run through, the aforesaid abbess Agnes, through her advocate, produced a certain privilege, whereby Leoprand, once duke of the city of Benevento, conceded and delivered the aforesaid church of Saint Mary with all its appurtenances under the right and dominion of the aforesaid monastery of Saint Peter the Apostle.

[1121.7.7] 0stendit item privilegia, quibus Pandulphus princeps et eius successores confirmaverant eandem ecclesiam Sanctae Mariae sub potestate iam dicti monasterii Beati Petri; iterum protulit alia privilegia et munimina ipsius, monasterio pertinentia. [1121.7.8] Ad haec iam dicta Bethleem, abbatissa monasterii Sanctae Mariae, per advocatum suum produxit in medium cartas et instrumenta eiusdem, monasterio pertinentia, in quibus continebatur, a quinquaginta annis iam preteritis et usque ad presens abbatissam continuatim in monasterio Sanctae Mariae prefuisse; ex quibus prior fuerat Labinia nomine; secunda Sicelgarda, et aliae, quarum nomina in earum instrumentis legebantur. [1121.7.9] Nos autem memoriae ducimus ex moderno tempore abbatissam Labiniam eidem monasterio secundam prefuisse.

[1121.7.7] She likewise showed privileges by which Prince Pandulf and his successors had confirmed that same church of Saint Mary under the power of the already-said monastery of Blessed Peter; again she produced other privileges and muniments of it, pertaining to the monastery. [1121.7.8] To these things, the already-mentioned Bethleem, abbess of the monastery of Saint Mary, through her advocate brought forward into the midst charters and instruments of the same, pertaining to the monastery, in which it was contained that for fifty years now past and up to the present an abbess had continuously presided in the monastery of Saint Mary; of whom the first had been by name Labinia, the second Sicelgarda, and others, whose names were read in their instruments. [1121.7.9] We, however, bring to memory that, from modern time, Abbess Labinia had been the second to preside over the same monastery.

[1121.7.10] Similiter in ipsis muniminibus legebatur, prepositas ipsi monasterio per se causas et negotia et prefuisse et egisse. [1121.7.11] Ostensis itaque ab utraque parte privilegiis et muniminibus illis, et lectis, predicti cardinales, iudices dati, in partem euntes super auditis querimoniis sententiam protulerunt. [1121.7.12] Ventilata igitur sententia ex communi consulto, domino papae Calixto eam intimavere, ut ipse, quam invenerant, sententiam confirmaret; Calixtus autem pontifex, nec mora, dicta eorum et confirmavit et fidem attribuit.

[1121.7.10] Likewise, in those same muniments it was read that the prioresses of the monastery themselves had both presided over and transacted the causes and business. [1121.7.11] The privileges and those muniments having thus been shown by both sides and read, the aforesaid cardinals, judges appointed, withdrawing apart, delivered sentence upon the complaints that had been heard. [1121.7.12] The sentence, therefore, having been ventilated by common counsel, they intimated it to the lord Pope Calixtus, that he should confirm the sentence which they had found; and Pope Calixtus, without delay, both confirmed their dicta and gave credence.

[1121.7.13] Et sententia talis fuit: videlicet ut predictum monasterium Sanctae Mariae amodo et perpetuo propriam habeat abbatissam, a Romano quidem pontifice consecrandam, ita ut sororum congregatio apud iddem monasterium Sanctae Mariae degentium potestatem habeat eligendi abbatissam, qualem voluerit, salvo tamen censu, quem pars ipsius monasterii persolvat annualiter ad predictum monasterium Sancti Petri, quatuor oblatas scilicet, et duos cereos in Nativitate Domini, in Resurrectione totidem, in Assumptione beatae Mariae totidem. [1121.7.14] Super etiam sententiam ipsam Apostolicus ipse scribi precepit et a cunctis prefatis cardinalibus constitutis super hoc iudicibus testari mandavit; in quo vero libello iudicii ipse pontifex manu propria se subscripsit. [1121.7.15] Confirmata itaque et sic roborata tali sententia, predictae Bethleem venerabili abbatissae illam delegavit, talibus et tantis ornatam cardinalium testimoniis, quatenus amodo et perpetuis temporibus pars monasterii ipsius quieta permaneat et sine aliqua a parte Beati Petri perturbatione vel molestia consistat.

[1121.7.13] And the sentence was such: namely that the aforesaid monastery of Saint Mary from now and forever have its own abbess, to be consecrated by the Roman pontiff, in such a way that the congregation of sisters dwelling at that same monastery of Saint Mary have the power of electing an abbess such as it will have wished, saving however the census (tribute) which the party of that monastery shall pay annually to the aforesaid monastery of Saint Peter, namely four oblations, and two candles at the Nativity of the Lord, the same number at the Resurrection, the same at the Assumption of blessed Mary. [1121.7.14] Moreover concerning that sentence itself the Apostolic himself ordered it to be written and commanded that it be attested by all the aforesaid cardinals appointed as judges over this; and in that little book of the judgment the pontiff himself subscribed himself with his own hand. [1121.7.15] The sentence thus confirmed and so strengthened, he delivered it to the aforesaid Bethleem, the venerable abbess, adorned with such and so great testimonies of the cardinals, to the end that from now and for perpetual times the party of that monastery may remain quiet and may subsist without any disturbance or molestation on the part of Saint Peter’s.

[1121.7.16] Preterea, privilegio signato, confirmavit iddem monasterium Sanctae Mariae cum omnibus possessionibus ei pertinentibus, quatenus omni tempore inviolatum permaneat et sine cuiuslibet contrarietate vigorem obtineat.

[1121.7.16] Moreover, the privilege having been sealed, he confirmed that same Monastery of Saint Mary with all the possessions pertaining to it, so that at all times it may remain inviolate and, without anyone’s opposition, may hold force.

[1122.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo vicesimo secundo Dominicae Incarnationis, et quarto anno pontificatus predicti domini Calixti secundi summi pontificis et universalis papae, mense Martio, quinta decima indictione. [1122.1.2] Hoc anno, dux Guidelmus, filius Rogerii ducis, ad Rogerium comitem, filium Rogerii comitis Siculorum, descendit, conquerens de Iordano comite Arianensi, ut et auxilii manum et virtutis militum et divitiarum ei largiretur, quatenus eius auxilio de Iordano comite ultionem perciperet. [1122.1.3] Cumque dux ipse ad comitem illum applicuisset, precibus multis lacrimisque taliter exorsus est: [1122.1.4] "Ad vestram, comes egregie, descendi potentiam, tum pro consanguinitatis vigore, tum pro divitiarum tuarum magnitudine, de Iordano comite querimoniam facturus et suppliciter postulans, ut vestro vallatus auxilio super illo ulciscar.

[1122.1.1] In the year 1122 of the Lord’s Incarnation, and in the 4th year of the pontificate of the aforesaid lord Calixtus II, supreme pontiff and universal pope, in the month of March, in the 15th indiction. [1122.1.2] In this year, Duke William, son of Duke Roger, went down to Count Roger, son of Count Roger of the Sicilians, complaining about Count Jordan of Ariano, so that he might grant him a helping hand and the prowess of soldiers and wealth, to the end that by his aid he might take vengeance upon Count Jordan. [1122.1.3] And when that duke had come to that count, he thus began with many prayers and tears: [1122.1.4] “To your power, illustrious count, I have descended, both for the vigor of consanguinity and for the magnitude of your riches, about Count Jordan to make a complaint and to request supplicantly, that, fortified by your aid, I may avenge myself upon him.

[1122.1.5] Cumque die quadam ego civitatem Nuscum intrarem, en comes ille Iordanus militum suorum caterva stipatus ante portam ipsius civitatis advenit, et contumelias multas et convicia mihi inferens minatus est, quia: [1122.1.6] "Mantellum tuum ego curtabo!" [1122.1.7] Deinde civitatem ipsam Nuscum circumquaque perlustrans omnino depredatus est; ego vero, quia prevalere in eum non poteram, invitus sustinui et diem rogavi ultionis; et his actis, comes ille horis omnibus multis variisque afflictionibus nos dehonestabat". [1122.1.8] Quid multa? Medietatem suam Palormitanae civitatis, et Messanae et totius Calabriae dux ille eidem comiti concessit, ut ei super his omnibus auxilium largiretur; continuo sexcentos milites et quingentas uncias auri ei largitus est. [1122.1.9] Nec mora, dux ille adveniens terram comitis Iordani agrediens, die sancti Ioannis Baptistae castrum Rosetum et alia multa ei abstulit; inde procedens, in festivitate sanctorum Ioannis et Pauli castellum Montis Iovis insiliens igne ferroque illud consummavit, et quinquaginta milites ibi comprehendens arma eorum et spolia secum gaudens deportavit.

[1122.1.5] And when on a certain day I was entering the city of Nusco, lo, that Count Jordan, packed with a band of his soldiers, arrived before the gate of that very city, and, heaping many affronts and revilings upon me, threatened, saying that: [1122.1.6] “I will curtail your mantle!” [1122.1.7] Then, traversing the city of Nusco all around, he utterly plundered it; but I, because I was not able to prevail against him, unwillingly endured and asked for a day of vengeance; and this done, that count at all hours was dishonoring us with many and various afflictions. [1122.1.8] What more? The duke granted to that same count his half of the city of Palermo, and of Messina, and of all Calabria, so that he might bestow aid to him over all these; straightway he bestowed upon him six hundred soldiers and five hundred ounces of gold. [1122.1.9] Without delay, the duke, arriving and attacking the land of Count Jordan, on the day of Saint John the Baptist took from him the castle Roseto and many other things; thence proceeding, on the feast of Saints John and Paul, leaping upon the castle of Mount Jove, he finished it with fire and sword, and, seizing fifty soldiers there, joyfully carried off with him their arms and spoils.

[1122.1.10] Et inde procedens castellum Apicis, ubi comes ille morabatur, obsedit; ad ducis namque auxilium Crescentius cardinalis, tunc rector Beneventanus, cum Beneventanorum cetu festinavit. [1122.1.11] Quid multis? Comitem illum et castrum Apicis suae obtinuit potestati; comes itaque Iordanus ducis pedibus, sicut ipsi vidimus qui aderamus, prostratus misericordiam ei postulavit.

[1122.1.10] And proceeding from there he besieged the castle of Apice, where that count was staying; for indeed, to the duke’s aid Cardinal Crescentius, then rector of Benevento, hastened with a company of the Beneventans. [1122.1.11] In short, the duke brought that count and the castle of Apice under his power; and so Count Jordan, prostrate at the duke’s feet, as we ourselves who were present saw, begged him for mercy.

[1122.1.12] Dux autem precibus multis coactus, precipue comitis Rainulphi, qui aderat, liberum eum et, ubi vellet, abire permisit; qui vero comes Montem Fuscum properavit. [1122.1.13] Et his actis, civitatem Ariani et totius sui comitatus confinia suae submisit potestati. [1122.1.14] Cumque comes ille Iordanus Montem Fuscum ascendisset, dies quindecim ibi moratus est; continuo Landulphus de Greca, eius adversarius, conspiratione firmata, eum de Monte Fusco eiecit; qui taliter eiectus castrum Morconis adivit, ibique per annum habitavit.

[1122.1.12] But the duke, compelled by many entreaties, especially of Count Rainulf, who was present, set him free and allowed him to go wherever he wished; and the count in truth hastened to Montem Fuscum. [1122.1.13] And this done, he subjected the city of Ariani and the borders of his whole county to his power. [1122.1.14] And when that Count Jordan had ascended Montem Fuscum, he stayed there fifteen days; immediately Landulph of Greca, his adversary, a conspiracy having been secured, cast him out from Monte Fusco; who, thus driven out, went to the castle of Morconis, and there dwelt for a year.

[1122.1.15] Quibus ita patratis, dux ipse Montem Corvinum, Salerni proximum, obsedit; Fulco itaque, dominus castri illius, quia resistere non poterat, castellum illud ducis submisit potestati. [1122.1.16] Eodem tempore, Riccardus, filius Guarini de Frumari, a villanis suis trucidatus est; audiens autem dux prenominatus taliter Riccardum illum trucidatum fuisse, congregato exercitu, Montem Vicum festinavit, et inauditam de homicidis illis accepit ultionem, et castellum illud igne ferroque consummavit, et duos presbiteros, qui ad mortem illius consenserant, laqueo suspendit. [1122.1.17] His aliisque negotiis ita decursis, dux ille milites, quos a comite Rogerio acceperat, ei remisit.

[1122.1.15] With these things thus accomplished, the duke himself besieged Mount Corvinus, near to Salerno; therefore Fulco, the lord of that castle, because he was not able to resist, submitted that castle to the duke’s power. [1122.1.16] At the same time, Richard, son of Guarin of Frumari, was butchered by his own villeins; hearing, however, that Richard had been slaughtered in such a way, the aforesaid duke, with the army assembled, hastened to Monte Vico, and exacted unheard-of vengeance upon those murderers, and he utterly destroyed that castle with fire and iron, and he hanged by a noose two presbyters who had consented to his death. [1122.1.17] With these and other affairs thus run through, that duke sent back to Count Roger the soldiers whom he had received from him.

[1122.1.18] Cumque, sicut prediximus, Iordanus comes exheredatus fuisset, consilio Ugonis Infantis, et Raonis de Boscone et Raonis de Fraineta invento, castellum Paludis comprehendit; audiens autem dux prenominatus castellum illud captum fuisse, exercitu aggregato, castrum illud obsedit mensibus tribus. [1122.1.19] Tandem dux ille videns, quia sic cito capi non poterat, principem Iordanum Capuanorum rogavit, ut ei auxilium preberet, et pro auxilio offerendo castellum Apicis et Acernum ei largitur; continuo princeps ipse, congregato exercitu, super Apicis castrum advenit et ex hac parte in planitie castrametatus est. [1122.1.20] Preterea dux ipse Beneventanis mandavit, ut neque sibi neque comiti Iordano auxiliarentur, et daret eis, et concederet totas fidantias et pensiones, quae a castello Fenuculo et usque ad castellum Montis Fusci exibant de hereditatibus Beneventanorum; quod Beneventanis complacuit et sic, pactis firmatis, iuratum est ab utraque parte.

[1122.1.18] And when, as we have foretold, Count Jordan had been disinherited, by the counsel of Ugo Infans, and Raho of Bosco and Raho of Fraineta having found a plan, he seized the castle of Palude; but the aforesaid duke, hearing that that castle had been taken, his army assembled, besieged that stronghold for three months. [1122.1.19] At length that duke, seeing that it could not thus be taken quickly, asked Prince Jordan of the Capuans to provide him aid, and, for the offering of aid, he grants to him the castle of Apice and Acerno; immediately the prince himself, his army gathered, came up to the castle of Apice and on this side in the plain he encamped. [1122.1.20] Moreover the duke himself commanded the Beneventans that they should aid neither himself nor Count Jordan, and that he would give to them and concede all the sureties and pensions which, from the castle of Fenuculo and as far as the castle of Monte Fusco, issued from the hereditaments of the Beneventans; which pleased the Beneventans, and thus, the pacts having been ratified, it was sworn by both parties.

[1122.1.21] Cumque comes ille Iordanus taliter se coactum aspiciens, in manus predicti principis se et castellum Paludis submisit; et ipse cum suis predictis consociis inde exeuntes ad propria reversi sunt; comes vero Iordanus castrum Morconis ingressus est; et sic, pace firmata, princeps ipse Capuam revertens, temporibus multis castrum Apicis et Acernum obtinuit. [1122.1.22] Deinde dux ille super castrum Morcone milites et peditum catervas opposuit, cogitans et comitem et castellum illud suae obtinere ditioni; quod facere minime potuit. [1122.1.23] Deinde dux prefatus Salernum adivit et de multis variisque sudoribus, quos perpessus fuerat, requiem adeptus est; sicque usque ad diem obitus sui terra sui ducatus a bellorum turbinibus siluit et quievit.

[1122.1.21] And when that count Jordan, seeing himself thus constrained, submitted himself and the castle of Palude into the hands of the aforesaid prince; and he, with his aforesaid associates, departing thence, returned to their own; but Count Jordan entered the castle of Morcone; and so, peace being confirmed, the prince himself, returning to Capua, for many years held the castle of Apice and Acerno. [1122.1.22] Then that duke set over against the castle of Morcone knights and cohorts of foot-soldiers, intending to bring both the count and that castle under his dominion; which he was by no means able to do. [1122.1.23] Then the aforesaid duke went to Salerno and obtained repose from the many and various labors he had endured; and thus, until the day of his death, the land of his duchy fell silent and rested from the whirlwinds of wars.

[1122.2.1] Et ipso anno, duodecimo die intrante mensis Augusti, copia piscium in Caloris flumine apparuit, ita quod mulieres et viri manibus tantum sine retibus capiebant.

[1122.2.1] And in that same year, as the twelfth day of the month of August began, an abundance of fish appeared in the river Calore, so that women and men were catching them with their hands only, without nets.

[1123.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo vicesimo tertio Dominicae Incarnationis, et quinto anno pontificatus domini Calixti secundi summi pontificis et universalis papae, mense Martio, prima indictione. [1123.1.2] Supradictus Calixtus pontifex, consilio salutis accepto, ultramontanos omnes fere episcopos, et archiepiscopos et abbates et totius, ut ita dicam, Italiae et ecclesiarum pastores arcessiri precepit quatenus, sancta synodali confabulatione firmata, pactum cum imperatore Henrico positum perpetuo confirmaret; ad cuius sacri conventus presentiam Roffridus Beneventanus antistes honeste properavit. [1123.1.3] Ordinato itaque concilio tali et tanto, Apostolicus ipse sacramenti privilegium, quod predictus imperator constituerat, pacis, in conspectu omnium qui convenerant, adduci et legi precepit: continuo ab omnibus confirmatum est, et commendatum.

[1123.1.1] In the year 1123 of the Lord’s Incarnation, and in the fifth year of the pontificate of lord Calixtus the Second, supreme pontiff and universal pope, in the month of March, the first indiction. [1123.1.2] The aforesaid pontiff Calixtus, having received counsel of salvation, ordered that almost all the transalpine bishops, and the archbishops and abbots and, so to speak, the pastors of all Italy and of the churches be summoned, to the end that, a holy synodal confabulation having been established, the pact set with Emperor Henry might be confirmed in perpetuity; to the presence of which sacred assembly Roffrid, the Beneventan prelate, made honorable haste. [1123.1.3] Therefore, such and so great a council having been arranged, the Apostolic himself ordered that the privilege of the sacrament of peace, which the aforesaid emperor had established, be brought forward and read in the sight of all who had come together: immediately it was confirmed by all, and commended.

[1123.1.4] Inter cetera vero, quae ibi statuta sunt, treuvam Dei tenendam posuerunt; item vinculis anathematis alligavit Apostolicus ipse, si quis Beneventanam civitatem ex Beati Petri potestate auferre tentaret; et multa alia quae huic opusculo affigere longum visum nobis est, excogitans quidem fastidio addere, et libello tali universa componere: alias vero scripta omnia, et notata, invenietis. [1123.1.5] Audivimus autem, et quod re vera comperimus, tale tantumque pacis firmamentum infra Romanam urbem temporibus predicti Apostolici advenisse, quod nemo civium vel alienigena arma, sicut consueverat, ferre ausus erat. [1123.1.6] Et concilio celebrato, Beneventum venit predictus Apostolicus Calixtus, et quaedam negotia Beneventanorum tractavit.

[1123.1.4] Among the other things, however, that were established there, they ordained the Truce of God to be kept; likewise, the Apostolic himself bound with the bonds of anathema whoever should attempt to take the city of Benevento from the power of Blessed Peter; and many other things, which it seemed to us long to append to this little work, thinking it wearisome to add and to compose everything in such a booklet: but elsewhere you will find all things written and noted. [1123.1.5] We heard, moreover—and in very truth we discovered—that such and so great a confirmation of peace had come within the city of Rome in the times of the aforesaid Apostolic, that no citizen or foreigner dared to bear arms as he had been accustomed. [1123.1.6] And the council having been celebrated, the aforesaid Apostolic Calixtus came to Benevento and handled certain affairs of the Beneventans.

[1123.2.1] Eodem anno, Landulphus de Greca supranominatus, duodecimo kalendas Decembris obiit et ad ecclesiam suam Sancti Maximi sepultus est.

[1123.2.1] In the same year, Landulf of Greca, aforesaid, died on the twelfth day before the Kalends of December (November 20) and was buried at his church of Saint Maximus.

[1123.3.1] Cumque predictus pontifex Calixtus Beneventum venisset, vocari fecit prefatum Roffridum archiepiscopum, ut audiret quorumdam civium accusationes, quae ei inferebantur: accusatus enim fuerat, quod simoniace archiepiscopatus honorem accepisset. [1123.3.2] Tunc presul ipse, vocatis quibusdam suffraganeis suis et presbiteris civitatis, Sacrum ascendit palatium, et accusatoribus auditis, inducias postulavit, et acceptis induciis, respondit: [1123.3.3] "Paratus, pater sanctissime, iuxta canonica instituta ab his purgari accusationibus et vestram sequi iussionem". [1123.3.4] Tandem iuravit ipse primum cum duobus episcopis et tribus presbiteris, simoniace non fuisse ingressum.

[1123.3.1] And when the aforesaid pontiff Calixtus had come to Benevento, he caused the aforesaid archbishop Roffrid to be summoned, that he might hear the accusations of certain citizens which were being brought against him: for he had been accused of having accepted the honor of the archbishopric simoniacally. [1123.3.2] Then the prelate himself, having called certain of his suffragans and the priests of the city, ascended the Sacred Palace, and, the accusers having been heard, requested an adjournment; and an adjournment having been granted, he replied: [1123.3.3] "I am ready, most holy father, according to the canonical institutes to be purged of these accusations and to follow your command." [1123.3.4] At length he himself first swore, together with two bishops and three priests, that he had not entered simoniacally.

[1124.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo vicesimo quarto Dominicae Incarnationis, et sexto anno pontificatus domini Calixti papae. [1124.1.2] Hoc anno, prefatus Roffridus Beneventanus antistes, consilio accepto, corpus sanctissimi patris nostri Barbati Beneventani presulis ex altaris tumba, qua per multa annorum curricula quieverat, abstraxit; altare vero illud non honeste, prout decebat, habebatur, precipue quia structura novi episcopii loco ipsius altaris producebatur: iccirco inde amoveri iuxta fabricae sententiam oportebat. [1124.1.3] Archiepiscopus itaque prenominatus episcopos duos suos suffraganeos vocari precepit, quatenus eorum consilio et auxilio talis tantusque copiosus thesaurus inveniretur.

[1124.1.1] In the year 1124 of the Lord’s Incarnation, and in the sixth year of the pontificate of lord Pope Calixtus. [1124.1.2] In this year, the aforesaid Roffridus, Beneventan prelate, having taken counsel, removed the body of our most holy father Barbatus, Beneventan prelate, from the tomb of the altar where it had rested through many courses of years; indeed that altar was not being kept honorably, as was fitting, chiefly because the structure of the new episcopium was being extended into the place of that very altar: therefore it had to be moved from there according to the decision of the fabric. [1124.1.3] The archbishop, then, the aforementioned, ordered two of his suffragan bishops to be summoned, to the end that by their counsel and aid such and so great a copious treasure might be recovered.

[1124.1.4] Continuo, quibusdam civibus advocatis et clero, medio noctis silentio archiapresul Roffridus ecclesiam ingrediens ad altare superius nominatum adivit, et coram omnibus episcoporum solacio illud confregit; et altare fracto,reliquiae sanctorum, quorum nomina nesciuntur, inventae sunt. [1124.1.5] Quibus eductis, in altum fodi precipitur, ut diu desideratum pignus prefati corporis videretur; nec mora, lapis quidam pretiosus invenitur ex omni parte acriter miroque laboris opere conclusus, quem vectes ferrei sustentabant; et eo invento, letitia eos invasit immensa, qui ad tollendum lapidem viribus omnibus conabantur; sed quia fortiter ob duritiem operis tenebatur, lapis ille et assensu omnium frustatim confringitur. [1124.1.6] Quo sublevato, divina gratia favente, beatissimi Barbati corpus inventum est!

[1124.1.4] Immediately, with certain citizens and the clergy summoned, in the middle silence of the night the arch-prelate Roffridus, entering the church, went to the above-named altar, and before all, with the solace of the bishops, he broke it; and the altar having been broken, the relics of saints, whose names are not known, were found. [1124.1.5] These being brought out, they are bidden to dig deep, so that the long-desired pledge of the aforesaid body might be seen; without delay, a certain precious stone is found, closed fast on every side by a hard and wondrous work of craftsmanship, which iron levers supported; and upon its discovery, immense joy seized them, who were striving with all their forces to lift the stone; but because it was held firmly on account of the hardness of the work, that stone, with the assent of all, is broken in pieces. [1124.1.6] When this had been raised, with divine grace favoring, the body of the most blessed Barbatus was found!

[1124.1.7] Prefatus itaque antistes primum omnium locum ingreditur et ossa cineremque advolvens, gaudio magno laudibusque sonantibus, ad medium propalavit. [1124.1.8] O quale gaudium, lector, aspiceres, et alacritatem, cum longe margaritas optatas temporibus nostris invenimus! [1124.1.9] Ossibus autem collectis, ad altare Sancti Sebastiani, cantantibus hymnis, producuntur.

[1124.1.7] Therefore the aforesaid prelate first of all enters the place and, rolling himself upon the bones and ash, with great joy and praises resounding, he brought them forth into the midst and made them public. [1124.1.8] O what joy, reader, would you have beheld, and what alacrity, when at length we found in our times the long-desired pearls! [1124.1.9] But the bones having been gathered, they are brought to the altar of Saint Sebastian, hymns being sung.

[1124.1.10] Mane autem facto, tota civitas catervatim prorupit, et Deum omnium conditorem laudabant, qui eis tale tantumque beati corpus Barbati largiri dignatus est; de ossibus namque ipsius vidimus quaedam, et osculati sumus. [1124.1.11] Quibus ita peractis, precepit archiepiscopus, ut primum presbiteri portae Summae, et clerici simul cum laicis ad episcopium descenderent, et coram sacratissimo Barbati corpore vigilias celebrarent. [1124.1.12] Confestim ex iussu archipresulis sacerdotes conveniunt, et cereis lampadibusque accensis, simulque magno laicorum comitatu utriusque sexus et etatis iubilando descendimus; sicque unaquaeque civitatis porta diebus singulis usque ad octavum diem peregit.

[1124.1.10] But when morning had come, the whole city burst forth in crowds, and they praised God, the maker of all, who deigned to bestow upon them so great and such a body of the blessed Barbatus; for we saw certain of his bones, and we kissed them. [1124.1.11] When these things had thus been accomplished, the archbishop ordered that first the priests of the Gate Summa, and the clerics together with the laity, should go down to the episcopium, and celebrate vigils before the most-sacrosanct body of Barbatus. [1124.1.12] Immediately, at the command of the archprelate, the priests assemble, and with candles and lamps lit, and together with a great company of layfolk of both sex and age, rejoicing, we descended; and thus each gate of the city, on individual days, carried it through up to the eighth day.

[1124.1.13] Die itaque octavo adveniente, pridie kalendas Iunii, sub altare lapideo corpus beati Barbati prefatus archiepiscopus, duobus secum episcopis adhibitis, locavit; et eo taliter locato, altare in honore beati Barbati dedicavit; ad cuius dedicationis solemnitatem turba multa civitatis convenit, quatenus delictis eorum Deus omnipotens indulgeret. [1124.1.14] Archiepiscopus itaque iam fatus loco eminentiori ascendens, ut videre et videri ab omnibus possit, peccatorum partem, divina favente clementia, condonavit; donavit iddem aliis omnibus, qui usque ad octavum diem festivitatis sanctorum apostolorum Petri et Pauli ad dedicationem illam devote concurrunt.

[1124.1.13] Therefore, with the eighth day arriving, on the day before the Kalends of June, the aforesaid archbishop, with two bishops in attendance, placed the body of the blessed Barbatus beneath the stone altar; and it being thus placed, he dedicated the altar in honor of the blessed Barbatus; to the solemnity of whose dedication a great crowd of the city assembled, in order that God almighty might grant indulgence for their delicts. [1124.1.14] The archbishop, then already mentioned, ascending to a more eminent place, so that he might see and be seen by all, remitted a portion of sins, divine clemency favoring; he granted the same to all others who, up to the eighth day of the festival of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, devoutly run together to that dedication.

[1124.2.1] De miraculis autem, quae ob predicti patris nostri Barbati merita honoremque Iesus Christus, humani generis amator, nobis omnibus aspicientibus, ostendere dignatus est, licet sermone inculto paternitati vestrae explicabo. [1124.2.2] Cumque, sicut supra scriptum est, beati corpus venerabile in conspectu omnium ad altare Sancti Sebastiani per dies octo teneretur, vir quidam, Ioannes Sutor vocabulo, episcopium ingreditur et ante sanctissimi Barbati corpus terratenus, lacrimis rigantibus, prosternitur; qui continuo a clero populoque astante, qua de causa defleret, interrogatur; et ille cuncta, quae acciderant, e vestigio patefecit: [1124.2.3] "Dum ego noctis silentio in stratu quiescerem meo, corporis somno debito soporatus, en adest ante oculos vir quidam canitie venerandus, vestimentis indutus dealbatis, qui vero paulatim accedens stratui meo appropinquavit: [1124.2.4] "Quare", inquit, "cum ceteris ad vigilias canandas coram ossibus preterito die non advenisti meis? ". [1124.2.5] Et ego: "Pater, quoniam dolore gravi brachium meum cum dextera tenebatur; sex etenim mensium spatio miser ego tali langore perturbor". [1124.2.6] Addidi quoque: "Dicito mihi, quo nomine, pater, vocaris?". [1124.2.7] Et ille: "Barbatus", ait, "Beneventanae quondam civitatis episcopus". [1124.2.8] Subiunxit item: "Brachium et manum ipsam cito mihi ostendas!". [1124.2.9] Tandem ego, quia dolore torquebar, non citissime manum extendi; extensam tamen tetigit eam, et ita cursu rapido dolor ille dilabitur, ac si nunquam manum cum brachio dolor ille tenuisset.

[1124.2.1] As for the miracles which, on account of the merits and honor of our aforesaid father Barbatus, Jesus Christ, lover of the human race, deigned to show with all of us looking on, I will explain to your paternity, albeit in unpolished speech. [1124.2.2] And when, as is written above, the venerable body of the blessed was kept in the sight of all at the altar of Saint Sebastian for eight days, a certain man, John the Cobbler by name, enters the episcopium and, before the most holy body of Barbatus, is prostrate flat upon the ground, with tears running; and he is straightway asked by the clergy and people standing by for what cause he was weeping; and he forthwith laid open on the spot all the things which had happened: [1124.2.3] "While I, in the silence of night, was resting on my couch, sunk in the due sleep of the body, lo, there stands before my eyes a certain man to be venerated for his hoary age, clothed in white garments, who indeed little by little, as he approached, drew near to my couch: [1124.2.4] "Why", he says, "did you not, with the others, come yesterday to sing the vigils before my bones? ". [1124.2.5] And I: "Father, because my arm together with my right hand was held by a grievous pain; for the space of six months I, a wretch, have been troubled by such a languor". [1124.2.6] I added also: "Tell me, by what name, father, are you called?". [1124.2.7] And he: "Barbatus", he says, "formerly bishop of the Beneventan city". [1124.2.8] He subjoined likewise: "Quickly show me the arm and the hand itself!". [1124.2.9] At length I, because I was wracked by pain, did not very speedily stretch out my hand; yet, when it was extended, he touched it, and thus in rapid course that pain slips away, as if that pain had never held the hand together with the arm.

[1124.2.10] Protinus, mane facto, surrexi et sanitatem cito exortam mirabar; adveni itaque gratias et laudes creatori omnium Deo et Barbato sanctissimo presuli, cuius meritis evasi, rediturus". [1124.2.11] His ita narratis, tintinnabula omnia episcopii pulsari iubentur, ut civitatis populus ad audiendum videndumque tale tantumque miraculum convenirent: prorupit continuo tota fere civitas, et medicorum omnium medicum gloriosiorem benedicendo laudavimus. [1124.2.12] Manum illius cum brachio curatam scriptor ego palpavi; vicini namque illius testabantur, quod tempore longo eum infirmari cognovissent; quo viso, ad propria letitia referti reversi sumus.

[1124.2.10] Immediately, with morning made, I rose and marveled at health quickly arisen; I therefore came to render thanks and praises to God, the creator of all, and to Barbatus, the most holy prelate, by whose merits I escaped, about to return". [1124.2.11] With these things thus narrated, all the bells of the episcopal residence are ordered to be rung, so that the people of the city might convene to hear and to see such and so great a miracle: almost the whole city burst forth at once, and we, by blessing, praised the physician more glorious than all physicians. [1124.2.12] I, the writer, palpated that man’s hand together with the arm, cured; for his neighbors bore witness that for a long time they had known him to be infirm; this seen, we returned to our own homes filled with joy.

[1124.3.1] Aliud quoque miraculum, quod redemptor generis humani Christus Iesus diebus ipsis operatus est, ad prefati patris nostri Barbati gloriam enarrabo. [1124.3.2] Rusticus quidam, de castello Montis Fusci habitator, talis tantique viri famam sanctitatis audiens Beneventum venit, qui per longa annorum curricula, nervis cruris pedisque arefactis, claudicaverat; tenebatur quidem iugiter dolore terribili, et quasi pede ad clunes ligato, miser ille horis omnibus cruciabatur. [1124.3.3] Continuo ante basilicam prosternitur Sancti Barbati, redemptorem omnium Deum efflagitans, quatenus ei pristinam restitueret sanitatem; et eo taliter orante, soporis gravitate arripitur, et ceu semivivus noctis unius spatio ibi moratus est.

[1124.3.1] I will also recount another miracle, which Christ Jesus, the Redeemer of the human race, wrought in those very days to the glory of our aforesaid father Barbatus. [1124.3.2] A certain rustic, an inhabitant from the castle of Mount Fuscus, hearing the fame of so great and such a man’s sanctity, came to Beneventum, who through long courses of years, with the sinews of his leg and foot withered, had been limping; he was indeed continually held by a terrible pain, and, as though his foot were bound to his buttocks, that wretch was tormented at every hour. [1124.3.3] Straightway he is prostrated before the basilica of Saint Barbatus, urgently entreating God, the Redeemer of all, that He might restore to him his former health; and while he thus prayed, he is seized by the heaviness of sleep, and, as if half-alive, for the space of one night he remained there.

[1124.3.4] Noctis igitur ipsius silentio, en adest vir quidam etate senili productus, canitie veneranda locupletatus qui, sicut ex eius lingua audivimus, eum taliter expergefactus est: [1124.3.5] "Surge", ait, "festinus, et propera altare nomine meo consecratum exquirens ibique, favente Salvatoris clementia, sanitatis gaudia longe lateque optatae consequeris". [1124.3.6] Et ille: "Quis es", inquit, "qui mihi tantum thesauri pondus promittis?". [1124.3.7] "Barbatus", ait, "Beneventanae civitatis episcopus". [1124.3.8] Confestim claudus ille audaciam sumens loquendi, "Non possum" ait, "infelix ego sic pergere; videsne, qualiter pede siccato cruciatus hic ego permaneo? [1124.3.9] Tuae namque sanctitatis famam persentiens cursu rapido asello supersedens adveni, ut tuis intercessionibus salutis optatae letitiam adipiscar". [1124.3.10] Nec mora, pater ille Barbatus manum extendens pedem aridum et tibiam tangit, inquiens: [1124.3.11] "Festina celeriter, et sanitate accepta, ante altare prosternito!". [1124.3.12] His auditis, surrexit sanus, fuerat qui claudus, et alta voce Deum laudat, per quem sibi dona salutis talia donantur, per quem sibi gaudia dantur; et mane facto, ecclesiam ingreditur Deo et patri Barbato gratiarum actiones rediturus. [1124.3.13] Narrat itaque, qui claudus fuerat, e vestigio cuncta, quae sibi acciderant, populo advenienti, et qualiter longo ex tempore claudicaverat, nervis contractis; fatetur etiam prefatum episcopum Barbatum sibi apparuisse et eius interventu sanitatem accepisse desideratam.

[1124.3.4] In the silence of that very night, lo, there is present a certain man advanced in senile age, enriched with venerable white hair, who, as we heard from his tongue, thus roused him: [1124.3.5] "Arise," he says, "in haste, and hurry, seeking out the altar consecrated in my name, and there, with the clemency of the Savior favoring, you will obtain far and wide the joys of long-desired health." [1124.3.6] And he: "Who are you," he says, "who promise me so great a weight of treasure?" [1124.3.7] "Barbatus," he says, "bishop of the city of Benevento." [1124.3.8] Forthwith that lame man, taking boldness of speaking, says, "I cannot, wretched I, go thus; do you see how, with a dried-up foot, I remain tormented here? [1124.3.9] For, perceiving the fame of your sanctity, I came, seated on a little donkey at rapid pace, that by your intercessions I might attain the joy of the desired health." [1124.3.10] Without delay, that father Barbatus, stretching out his hand, touches the withered foot and the shin, saying: [1124.3.11] "Make haste quickly, and, health received, prostrate yourself before the altar!" [1124.3.12] On hearing these things, he rose sound, who had been lame, and with a loud voice he praises God, through whom such gifts of health are granted to him, through whom joys are given to him; and when morning had come, he enters the church to render thanksgivings to God and to father Barbatus. [1124.3.13] Accordingly, he who had been lame relates on the spot to the people arriving all the things which had happened to him, and how for a long time he had limped, the sinews contracted; he also confesses that the aforesaid bishop Barbatus had appeared to him and that by his intervention he had received the desired health.

[1124.3.14] Fragor interea tanti miraculi civitatis partes partiumque angulos invadit et catervatim ad videndum hominem cives properaverunt; quo viso, Factorem omnium laudantes ad propria remeavimus. [1124.3.15] Diebus autem non multis elapsis, mulier quaedam manus arridas nervosque obductos ferens ad beneficia presulis Barbati accucurrit; quae coram altaris presentia accubuit, et lacrimis manantibus, Salvatoris misericordiam invocabat. [1124.3.16] Lacrimas autem eius omnipotens Dominus ex alto aspiciens et confessoris sui Barbati gloriam ostendere volens, qualis quantique apud eum triumphi consistit coram omnibus, qui convenerant, manus sic arefactas cepit mulier illa ad celum erigere.

[1124.3.14] Meanwhile the crash of so great a miracle invades the quarters of the city and the corners of the quarters, and in crowds the citizens hastened to see the man; and when he was seen, praising the Maker of all, we returned to our own homes. [1124.3.15] But with not many days having elapsed, a certain woman, bearing withered hands and sinews drawn tight, ran up to the benefits of the prelate Barbatus; she lay prostrate before the presence of the altar, and, tears flowing, invoked the mercy of the Savior. [1124.3.16] But the Omnipotent Lord, looking down from on high upon her tears and wishing to show the glory of his confessor Barbatus—of what sort and how great a triumph stands with him—before all who had gathered, that woman began to raise her thus-withered hands to heaven.

[1124.3.17] Deinde voce clara prorupit, sanitatis auxilium in manibus et nervis circumflexis sensisse: digitos re vera curvatos aperuit et compages digitorum omnium, gratia divina favente, solutae sunt. [1124.3.18] Ad haec populus fere totus festinat et celorum regem patremque nostrum Barbatum benedicendo magnificavimus.

[1124.3.17] Then with a clear voice she broke forth that she had felt the aid of health in her hands and in the circumflexed nerves: she truly opened her curved fingers, and the joints of all the fingers, divine grace favoring, were loosed. [1124.3.18] At this almost the whole people hastened, and, by blessing the King of the heavens and our father Barbatus, we magnified them.

[1124.4.1] Hoc anno, tanta fuit fertilitas vini quod, nobis et multis aliis videntibus, centum saumae pro triginta denariis vendebantur.

[1124.4.1] In this year, so great was the fertility of wine that, with us and many others witnessing it, a hundred pack‑loads were being sold for thirty denarii.

[1124.5.1] Et eodem anno, supramemoratus papa Calixtus duodecimo die intrante mensis Decembris migravit; post cuius obitum cardinales omnes Ostiensem episcopum, nomine Lambertum, in pontificem Honorium elegerunt; qui vero Calixtus annis quinque et mensibus novem pontificatus cathedram gubernavit. [1124.5.2] Continuo Honorius ipse pontifex ordinatus, Petrum presbiterum cardinalem rectorem apud Beneventum delegavit.

[1124.5.1] And in the same year, the above-mentioned Pope Calixtus departed on the 12th day, as the month of December was beginning; after whose death all the cardinals elected the bishop of Ostia, by name Lambert, as Pontiff Honorius; and Calixtus, for his part, governed the chair of the pontificate for five years and nine months. [1124.5.2] Immediately Honorius himself, ordained pontiff, delegated Peter, presbyter cardinal, as rector at Benevento.

[1125.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo vicesimo quinto Dominicae Incarnationis, et primo anno pontificatus domini Honorii, mense Martio, tertia indictione. [1125.1.2] Hoc anno, undecima nocte mensis Octobris adveniente, novum terribileque Beneventi advenit prodigium et, ut audivimus, per civitates alias et oppida civitati Beneventanae contigua. [1125.1.3] Nocte siquidem illa, nobis omnibus sopori debito incumbentibus, terremotus subito factus est inauditus, ita quod universi nos exterriti mortem expectabamus.

[1125.1.1] In the year 1125 of the Lord’s Incarnation, and in the first year of the pontificate of lord Honorius, in the month of March, in the third indiction. [1125.1.2] In this year, as the eleventh night of the month of October was coming on, a new and terrible prodigy arrived at Beneventum and, as we have heard, through other cities and towns adjoining the Beneventan city. [1125.1.3] Indeed on that night, as we all were incumbent upon the sleep that was due, an unheard-of earthquake suddenly took place, so that we all, terrified, were expecting death.

[1125.1.4] Continuo civitatis populus expergefactus lacrimis singultibusque exestuans ad episcopium festinavit; alii quidem civium ad monasterium Sanctae Sophiae Deum precaturi, salvatorem omnium, festinavimus. [1125.1.5] Terremotus vero sic terribiliter accidit, quod turres, palatia et universa civitatis edificia concussa tremabant; terra quoque et saxa a tanti tremoris formidine in duas partes scissa sunt; muri quoque civitatis ruentes domos quorumdam terratenus prostraverunt: regem vero testamur eternum, terram sub pedibus cerneres labefactari! [1125.1.6] Quid dicam?

[1125.1.4] Immediately the people of the city, awakened, boiling over with tears and sobs, hastened to the episcopal residence; others indeed of the citizens—to the monastery of Saint Sophia to pray to God, the savior of all—we hastened. [1125.1.5] The earthquake, in truth, happened so terribly that towers, palaces, and all the city’s buildings, having been shaken, were trembling; the earth also and the rocks, from the dread of so great a trembling, were split into two parts; the walls too of the city, collapsing, threw down to the ground the houses of certain persons: and we bear witness before the eternal King—you could see the earth under your feet being made to totter! [1125.1.6] What shall I say?

Terremotu tanto stupefacti et prae timore insolito arescentes ad ima descendere cogitabamus; sicque usque ad solis ortum locis sanctorum gemitibus lacrimisque adherentes fletibus multis precabamur Dominum, corporum et animarum salubrem medicum, ut pietatis viscera nobis indignis largiretur. [1125.1.7] Tertio, ut ferebant, et quarto terremotum illum accidisse nocte illa affirmabant; die vero insecuta circa meridiem, en adest iterato terremotus concutiens, quod si, lector, adesses, oculata fide universa civitatis edificia tremere et palpitare videres! [1125.1.8] Prefatus igitur pontifex Honorius, qui tunc apud Sacrum palatium Beneventanum morabatur, tanti terremotus concussionem nocte illa persentiens cameram egreditur, et Sancti Ioannis basilicam properavit; continuo terratenus prosternitur et coram altare salvatoris Dei misericordiam, lacrimis irrigantibus, invocavit.

Stupefied by so great an earthquake and, from unusual fear, becoming parched, we were thinking to descend to the depths; and so, clinging to the places of the saints with groans and tears until sunrise, with many weepings we were beseeching the Lord, the health-giving physician of bodies and souls, that he would lavish the bowels of pity upon us unworthy. [1125.1.7] They affirmed that that earthquake had happened a third time, as they said, and a fourth, that night; but on the following day, about midday, lo, again an earthquake is present, shaking—such that, reader, if you had been there, with your eyes as witness you would have seen all the city’s edifices tremble and palpitate! [1125.1.8] Therefore the aforesaid pontiff Honorius, who then was staying at the Sacred Beneventan palace, perceiving that night the concussion of so great an earthquake, goes out from his chamber and hastened to the basilica of Saint John; immediately he is prostrated upon the ground and, before the altar of God the Savior, with tears irrigating, he invoked mercy.

[1125.1.9] Mira res, et omnibus inaudita viventibus, quae nusquam temporibus istis, et a quibus recordari potuerit, sic evidenter accidisset! [1125.1.10] Nocte siquidem semel terremotus concussionem advenisse complures memoriae ducimus et firmamus: nunc vero die noctuque sepissime ad quindecim usque dies terremotus tempestas perduravit. [1125.1.11] Ex cuius terremotus formidine cives stupefacti ad episcopium et ad ecclesiam Sancti Leonis Papae cum letaniis et magno lacrimarum singultu viri, et mulieres parvuli quoque clamantes ad Dominum festinarunt; quin etiam prefatus pontifex Honorius, cardinalibus vocatis, nudis pedibus magnas super hoc ad Deum lacrimosas preces effudit.

[1125.1.9] A wondrous thing, and unheard-of by all the living, which, in these times, nowhere, and to the recollection of any who could remember, had ever so plainly happened! [1125.1.10] Indeed we bring to memory and affirm that by night once the shock of an earthquake had come; now, however, by day and by night very often, for up to fifteen days, the tempest of earthquakes endured. [1125.1.11] From fear of which earthquake the citizens, stupefied, hastened to the episcopium and to the church of Saint Leo the Pope with litanies and a great sobbing of tears, men and women and even little children crying out to the Lord; nay even the aforesaid Pontiff Honorius, the cardinals having been summoned, with bare feet poured forth great tearful prayers to God concerning this.

[1126.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo vicesimo sexto Dominicae Incarnationis, mense Martio, quarta indictione. [1126.1.2] Hoc anno, imperator Henricus obiit.

[1126.1.1] In the year 1126 of the Lord's Incarnation, in the month of March, in the 4th indiction. [1126.1.2] In this year, Emperor Henry died.

[1127.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo vicesimo septimo Dominicae Incarnationis. [1127.1.2] Hoc anno, dux prenominatus Guidelmus septimo kalendas Augusti mortuus est. [1127.1.3] Continuo uxor eius crines suos, quos pulcros et suaves nutrierat, coram omnibus, qui aderant, totondit, et lacrimis manantibus vocibusque ad astra levatis, super ducis defuncti pectus proiecit.

[1127.1.1] In the year 1127 of the Lord’s Incarnation. [1127.1.2] In this year, the afore-named Duke William died on the seventh day before the Kalends of August. [1127.1.3] Immediately his wife shaved off her tresses, which she had cherished as fair and sweet, before all who were present, and with tears streaming and with voices lifted to the stars, she cast herself upon the chest of the deceased duke.

[1127.1.4] Nec mora, totius civitatis Salernitanae partes obitus ducis fama perculsit et sic catervatim cursu precipiti populus omnis ad palatium properavit, cupiens ducis illius defuncti cadaver aspicere; et eo viso, humilitatis eius, et pietatis, reminiscentes, crinibus genisque evulsis, patrem eorum et dominum mirabiliter invocabant. [1127.1.5] Confestim archiepiscopus civitatis, clero accito, ad deferendum corpus adivit; et eo in feretro gloriose imposito, quatuor eius, quos dilexerat, equos, ante feretrum usque ad episcopium Sancti Matthei duxerunt; similiter quatuor aurea vexilla coram eo imposuerunt. [1127.1.6] Lector itaque, si adesses, utriusque sexus populum deflentem aspiceres et miratus firmares ducem aliquem vel imperatorem tali sub mestitia nunquam sepultum fuisse.

[1127.1.4] Nor was there delay: the report of the duke’s death struck every quarter of the whole city of Salerno, and so, in throngs at a headlong run, all the people hastened to the palace, desiring to behold the cadaver of that deceased duke; and when they had seen it, recalling his humility and piety, with hair and cheeks torn, they wondrously invoked their father and lord. [1127.1.5] Immediately the archbishop of the city, the clergy having been summoned, went to bear away the body; and when he had been gloriously placed upon the bier, they led four of his horses, which he had loved, before the bier as far as the episcopal seat of Saint Matthew; likewise they set four golden vexilla before it. [1127.1.6] Reader, therefore, if you had been present, you would have seen the people of both sexes weeping, and, amazed, you would have affirmed that never had any duke or emperor been buried under such mourning.

[1127.1.7] Exequiis igitur ex more celebratis, in tumba pretiose patrata ducem illum sepellierunt.

[1127.1.7] Therefore, the obsequies having been celebrated according to custom, they buried that duke in a tomb sumptuously fashioned.

[1127.2.1] Cumque ducis illius mortem fama per totius Apuliae partes ventilaret, comes prenominatus Iordanus, qui a duce illo exheredatus fuerat, auxilio militum arrepto, Montem Fuscum ascendit die videlicet sepulturae prefati ducis, et quia ibi complures amicos habuerat, comes ille Montem Fuscum obtinuit. [1127.2.2] Deinde totius sui comitatus comprehendit civitates et oppida, et sic in integrum lucratur, quod perdiderat. [1127.2.3] Diebus preterea quindecim evolutis, Robertus, filius Riccardi, comitem prefatum precatur, ut in eius subveniret auxilio, quatenus civitatem Florentinum capere potuisset; comes itaque Iordanus, ut erat ardentis animi, nec mora, militibus sumptis, festinavit.

[1127.2.1] And when the report of that duke’s death was wafting through all the parts of Apulia, the aforesaid count Jordan, who had been disinherited by that duke, having taken up the aid of soldiers, ascended Montem Fuscum, namely on the day of the burial of the aforesaid duke; and because he had many friends there, that count secured Montem Fuscum. [1127.2.2] Then he seized the cities and towns of his whole county, and thus he recovers in its entirety what he had lost. [1127.2.3] Moreover, with fifteen days elapsed, Robert, son of Richard, beseeches the aforesaid count to come to his assistance, to the end that he might be able to take the city Florentinum; therefore Count Jordan, as he was of ardent spirit, without delay, troops taken up, hastened.

[1127.2.4] Continuo, tubis sonantibus, civitas illa ex omni parte agreditur, et comes ille ad portam quamdam insiliens ingredi satagebat; custodes autem turris tantam aspicientes audaciam ceperunt lapidibus gladiisque obsistere. [1127.2.5] Tandem, divino iuducio superveniente, comes ille sub lapidum densitate oppressus, vitam et totius sui comitatus amplitudinem, quam acquisierat, infelici morte amisit.

[1127.2.4] Immediately, with trumpets sounding, that city is assailed from every side, and that count, leaping upon a certain gate, was striving to enter; but the guards of the tower, beholding such audacity, began to withstand with stones and swords. [1127.2.5] At length, divine judgment supervening, that count, overwhelmed beneath the density of stones, lost his life and the amplitude of his whole county, which he had acquired, by an unlucky death.

[1127.3.1] Cumque comes Rogerius Siculorum mortem ducis Guidelmi agnovit, navigiis septem paratis, in armis siquidem et omnibus necessariis Salernum advenit, et diebus ibi decem commoratus est, nolens re vera de navi descendere, sed nocte dieque in navigio persistens cives vocari fecit Salernitanos et archiepiscopum eorum Romualdum, et eis iuxta litus omnibus convenientibus, taliter comes ille Rogerius exorsus est: [1127.3.2] "Domini et fratres, sicut vestra novit sagacitas, Robertus Guiscardus, dux olim bonae memoriae, patruus meus, civitatem hanc, quam modo vestra tenet prudentia, in vigore animi et prudentia multa expugnans, acquisivit; deinde post eius decessum Rogerius dux, eius filius, consobrinus noster, pacifice tenuit cum vestra prosperitate; inde dux Guidelmus, heres eius et filius, usque in presentiarum viriliter dominatus est; nunc vero, iudicio Dei adveniente, dux ipse Guidelmus sine filio mortuus est. [1127.3.3] Ego itaque, qui ex eius progenie productus sum, si vestrae placuerit nobilitati, vestram imploro civilitatem, quatenus consilium habeatis et me preter quemlibet alium diligentes dominium nostrum et amoris vinculum consequamini. [1127.3.4] Nam, Domino auxiliante et vita comite, ad melioris status vigorem pervenietis, et divitias, quas sub tempore pristino habuistis". [1127.3.5] Quid multa?

[1127.3.1] And when Count Roger of the Sicilians learned of the death of Duke William, with seven ships prepared, equipped indeed with arms and all necessaries, he came to Salerno and remained there for ten days, unwilling in truth to descend from the ship, but, remaining in the vessel night and day, he caused the Salernitan citizens and their archbishop Romuald to be summoned; and when all had assembled by the shore, thus did that Count Roger begin: [1127.3.2] "Lords and brothers, as your sagacity knows, Robert Guiscard, duke once of good memory, my paternal uncle, by assailing and conquering, acquired this city, which your prudence now holds; then, after his decease, Duke Roger, his son, our cousin, held it peaceably with your prosperity; thereafter Duke William, his heir and son, has manfully held sway down to the present; now indeed, with the judgment of God arriving, Duke William himself has died without a son. [1127.3.3] I therefore, who am brought forth from his progeny, if it shall please your nobility, implore your civility, that you may take counsel and, loving me beyond anyone else, you may obtain our dominion and a bond of love. [1127.3.4] For, with the Lord aiding and life as companion, you will arrive at the vigor of a better condition, and the riches which you had in earlier time." [1127.3.5] Why say more?

Cives illi, consilio communicato, civitatem Salerni eius sub fidelitate commiserunt, sacramentis civium omnium diligenter firmatis, pollicentes suam nunquam deserere dilectionem. [1127.3.6] Iuravit confestim comes ille Rogerius, quod sine iudicio et sine culpa eos non capiat neque capi permittat, neque extra dies duos in expeditione illos perducat, et castellum Turris Maioris de illorum potestate non auferat, et si quis abstulerit, eius auxilio sub eorum potestate restituat; et his actis, civitatem ingreditur, et ibi honeste commoratur.

Those citizens, counsel communicated, committed the city of Salerno to him under fidelity, the oaths of all the citizens diligently confirmed, promising never to desert their devotion. [1127.3.6] Forthwith that Count Roger swore that without judgment and without fault he would neither seize them nor permit them to be seized, nor would he lead them on expedition beyond two days, and that he would not take the castle of Turris Maioris from their power, and if anyone should take it away, with his aid he would restore it under their power; and these things done, he enters the city, and there he abides honorably.

[1127.4.1] Audiens autem Beneventanus populus comitem illum Salernitanam habuisse civitatem, quosdam civitatis sapientes ei miserunt, dilectionis vinculum et obsequia pollicendo; at comes ille grates et retributionis munera remisit Beneventanis, vita comite, rediturum.

[1127.4.1] Hearing, moreover, that the Beneventan people that count had possessed the city of Salerno, they sent to him certain sages of the city, pledging the bond of affection and services; but that count sent back to the Beneventans thanks and gifts of recompense, with life as companion, that he would return.

[1127.5.1]His et aliis ita decursis, universum ducatum Amalfitanorum circumquaque comes ille suae subiugavit potestati; et inde procedens Troianam civitatem, et Melfitanam et totius fere Apuliae partes obtinuit. [1127.5.2] Landulphum quoque de Monte Marano, et Landulphum de Sancto Barbato, et Raonem de Fraineta et Ugonem Infantem cum omnibus eorum pertinentiis ad suam redegit ditionem; quibus peractis, victor et exultans Siciliam repedavit.

[1127.5.1] With these and other things thus run through, that count on every side subjugated the whole duchy of the Amalfitans to his own power; and proceeding thence he obtained the city of Troia, and Melfi, and almost all the parts of Apulia. [1127.5.2] He likewise reduced to his dominion Landulf of Monte Marano, and Landulf of Saint Barbatus, and Raone of Fraineta, and Hugh the Infant, with all their appurtenances; and, these things accomplished, victorious and exultant he returned to Sicily.

[1127.6.1] Continuo, consilio habito, ad ducatus arripiendum honorem animum impulit elatum, et precepit omnibus in terra sua manentibus, ut "ducem" Rogerium eum vocitarent; quod et factum est. [1127.6.2] Misit preterea domino papae Honorio munera multa auri et argenti, pollicitando super etiam civitatem Troianam et Montem Fuscum, ut ducatus ei vexillum et nomen largiretur, quod nunquam tempore illo predictus papa Honorius ei concedere est dignatus: unde discordia multa et sanguinis effusio orta est. [1127.6.3] Qualiter autem sibi predictus pontifex Honorius, et quando ducatum concessit, in subsequentibus, vita comite, describam.

[1127.6.1] Immediately, counsel having been held, he drove his exalted spirit to seize the honor of the duchy, and commanded all abiding in his land that they should call him “Duke” Roger; which also was done. [1127.6.2] Moreover he sent to lord Pope Honorius many gifts of gold and silver, promising further also concerning the city of Troia and Monte Fuscum, that the banner and the name of the duchy be bestowed upon him; which the aforesaid Pope Honorius at that time never deigned to grant to him: whence much discord and an effusion of blood arose. [1127.6.3] But how the aforesaid pontiff Honorius, and when, granted the duchy to him, in what follows, life being companion, I shall describe.

[1127.6.4] Audiens autem predictus Rogerius Siculorum comes prefatum pontificem Honorium petitionibus suis circumflecti non posse, prefato Raoni de Fraineta, et Ugoni Infanti omnibusque circa Beneventanam civitatem fautoribus suis precepit quatenus, quot possent, captivos perducerent Beneventanorum et afflictionibus multis civitatem infestarent; qui vero, magis quam fuerat eis iniunctum, executi sunt: precipue Rao de Fraineta, qui valde civitatem ex antiquo oderat. [1127.6.5] Guidelmus igitur, qui tunc Beneventanorum preerat rector, ferociam et infestationem prefati persentiens Raonis de Fraineta, consilio habito, die quidem festivitatis sancti Martini totius civitatis partes submovit ut, armis acceptis, super Raonem illum festinaret; qui libentissime perrexerunt, ut ultionem acciperent de acceptis. [1127.6.6] At predictus Rao quinquaginta fere milites et pedites multos secum occultaverat; unde ex improviso insiliens multos Beneventanorum in fugam conversos comprehendit, quos turpiter in flumine Sabbati et extra invenit; sicque ad castrum Ceppaluni secum perduxit captivos; et eis taliter alligatis, bona illorum argenti et auri pro redemptione accepit.

[1127.6.4] Hearing, however, that the aforesaid Roger, count of the Sicilians, could not bend the aforesaid pontiff Honorius by his petitions, he commanded the aforesaid Rao of Fraineta and Hugh the Infant and all his supporters around the city of Benevento that, as many as they could, they should lead away captives of the Beneventans and infest the city with many afflictions; who indeed executed more than had been enjoined upon them: especially Rao of Fraineta, who from of old greatly hated the city. [1127.6.5] Guidelmus, therefore, who then presided as rector of the Beneventans, perceiving the ferocity and infestation of the aforesaid Rao of Fraineta, counsel having been taken, on the day indeed of the festivity of Saint Martin set in motion all the parts of the city so that, arms having been taken up, they might hasten against that Rao; and they went forth most gladly, to take vengeance for the injuries received. [1127.6.6] But the aforesaid Rao had concealed with himself about fifty knights and many foot-soldiers; whence, leaping forth unexpectedly, he seized many of the Beneventans turned to flight, whom he found shamefully in the river Sabbatus and outside; and thus he led them with him as captives to the castle of Ceppaluni; and with them thus bound, he took their goods of silver and gold for their redemption.

[1127.7.1] His taliter omnibus superius narratis evolutis, predictus pontifex Honorius nihil utilitatis et virtutis erga civitatem Beneventanam agere deprehendens, consilio salutis accepto, tertio kalendas Ianuarias Capuanam civitatem adivit; continuo predictus Robertus princeps officiosissime illum excipiens ad palatium episcopii Capuani gaudio magno eum castrametari precepit. [1127.7.2] Nec mora, prefatus pontifex Honorius archiepiscopos et abbates arcessiri mandavit, quatenus ad principis convenirent unctionem; qui vero euntes die statuto exultatione ingenti ad Capuanam ecclesiam convenere. [1127.7.3] Archiepiscopus itaque Capuanus iuxta predecessorum suorum privilegium, presente tali et tanto pontifice Honorio cum turba virorum religiosorum, quae convenerat, et episcoporum conventu, predictum Robertum in principatus honorem inunxit et confirmavit.

[1127.7.1] With all the things above narrated having thus unfolded, the aforesaid pontiff Honorius, perceiving that he could do nothing of utility and virtue toward the city of Benevento, having taken counsel of safety, on the third day before the Kalends of January went to the city of Capua; immediately the aforesaid prince Robert, receiving him most dutifully, ordered that he be quartered with great joy at the palace of the Capuan bishopric. [1127.7.2] Without delay, the aforesaid pontiff Honorius ordered that archbishops and abbots be summoned, so that they might convene for the unction of the prince; and they, going on the appointed day, with huge exultation assembled at the church of Capua. [1127.7.3] Therefore the Capuan archbishop, according to the privilege of his predecessors, with such and so great a pontiff Honorius present, with the crowd of religious men that had gathered, and a convocation of bishops, anointed and confirmed the aforesaid Robert into the honor of the principate.

[1127.7.4] O quantus exultationis, et gaudii affuit effectus! [1127.7.5] Celorum regem testamur viventem, neminem principum vetustorum tali iubilatione et iucunditate stabilitum fuisse; audivimus profecto, sicut ex eorum qui interfuere, comperimus testimonio, quinque milia virorum ad tanti principis unctionem convenisse! [1127.7.6] Pontifex autem Honorius tantam episcoporum et proborum virorum multitudinem aspiciens, principe illo sacrato, eminentiori ascendens loco taliter exorsus est: [1127.7.7] "Domini et carissimi fratres, sicut vestra cognovit caritas, diu est, quo Romanam Sedem relinquens apud civitatem Beneventanam, quae specialis Romanae attinet Sedi, pacificus venerim, et omnibus abiectis tempestatibus, circa convicaneos nostros hospitatus sum.

[1127.7.4] O how great was the effect of exultation and of joy! [1127.7.5] We call the king of the heavens, living, to witness: none of the princes of old was established with such jubilation and delight; indeed we heard, as we learned from the testimony of those who were present, that five thousand men gathered for the anointing of so great a prince! [1127.7.6] But Pope Honorius, beholding so great a multitude of bishops and worthy men, with that prince consecrated, ascending a more eminent place, thus began: [1127.7.7] "Lords and dearest brothers, as your charity has known, it is long that, leaving the Roman See, I came in peace to the city of Benevento, which specially pertains to the Roman See, and with all tempests cast aside, I have lodged among our neighbors.

[1127.7.8] Biduo autem post nostri adventus presentiam Rogerius comes, Beati Petri adversarius, circa civitatem Beneventanam milites fere quatringentos ob civitatis ruinam et nostri dedecus inauditum induxit; qui vero horis omnibus civium bona depredati sunt et eorum possessiones assidue incisioni posuerunt. [1127.7.9] Nos autem universas illorum sustinentes afflictiones, ut ab illorum desisterent pertinacia, excogitavimus; insuper etiam predictus comes Rogerius cum Ugone Infante et Raone de Ceppaluni pro civitatis Beneventanae detrimento gravissime confederatus est, existimans nos timori eius succumbere, et nefandis eius petitionibus operam dare; Ugo itaque et Rao, coniuratione tali alligata, cotidie confinia civitatis igne ferroque consumere ceperunt. [1127.7.10] Nos autem omnia, quae ingerebantur, aspicientes, solam Dei omnipotentis misericordiam prestolantes, celestis regis auxilium et beati Petri invocamus.

[1127.7.8] But two days after our arrival, Count Roger, adversary of Blessed Peter, brought in around the city of Benevento nearly 400 soldiers for the city’s ruin and for our unheard-of disgrace; and they, at every hour, depredated the citizens’ goods and assiduously subjected their possessions to continual ravage. [1127.7.9] We, however, enduring all their afflictions, devised means that they might desist from their pertinacity; moreover, the aforesaid Count Roger was most grievously confederated with Hugh the Infante and Rao of Ceppaluni for the detriment of the city of Benevento, supposing that we would succumb to his terror and give effort to his nefarious petitions; accordingly Hugh and Rao, bound by such a conjuration, began daily to consume the borders of the city with fire and sword. [1127.7.10] We, however, beholding all that was being thrust upon us, awaiting only the mercy of Almighty God, invoke the aid of the heavenly king and of blessed Peter.

[1127.7.11] Deinde, ne civitas prorsus turbaretur Beneventana talibus commota afflictionibus, militum amicorum depoposci iuvamen; sicque, prout potuimus, obsistere cepimus eorum pertinaciae. [1127.7.12] Cumque pro quibusdam imminentibus negotiis civitatem Troianam adissemus, prefatus Rao de Ceppaluni Beneventanos cives, qui ob vindicandas, quas passi fuerant, contumelias die festivitatis beati Martini circa eiusdem Raonis confinia exierant, ira divina et furore celitus adveniente, ducentos fere captivos tenuit et in ima carceris, denudatis corporibus, alligavit. [1127.7.13] Deinde quosdam captivorum civium Ugoni Infanti, viro nefandae memoriae et tiranno orribili, ut cruciatibus et suppliciis afficerentur, donavit; qui vero Ugo, dentibus eorum radicitus evulsis et membratim dilaceratis, pretio eorum accepto, distraxit; eos vero, quos Rao ipse detinuit, periculo famis et frigoris iugiter affligere non desistit.

[1127.7.11] Then, lest the city of Benevento be utterly thrown into turmoil, moved by such afflictions, I begged the help of friendly soldiers; and thus, as far as we were able, we began to resist their pertinacity. [1127.7.12] And when, for certain imminent affairs, we had gone to the city of Troia, the aforesaid Rao of Ceppaluni, with divine wrath and a fury arriving from heaven, held nearly two hundred captives—citizens of Benevento who, on the feast-day of blessed Martin, had gone out toward that same Rao’s borders to avenge the insults they had suffered—and he bound them, their bodies stripped, in the lowest part of the prison. [1127.7.13] Then he granted certain of the captive citizens to Ugo the Infante, a man of nefarious memory and a horrible tyrant, that they might be afflicted with torments and punishments; and Ugo, their teeth torn out by the roots and their limbs torn apart piece by piece, having received a price for them, sold them off; but those whom Rao himself held, he did not cease to afflict continually with the peril of hunger and cold.

[1127.7.14] Quid multa? Universa, quae excogitari possunt, convicia Beneventanis captioni positis inferuntur. [1127.7.15] Preterea die noctuque minantur, ut comitem illum Rogerium anathemati deditum supra civitatem inducant Beneventanam, et de Beati Petri virtute eductam, suae obtineant ditioni et potestati.

[1127.7.14] Why say more? All the insults that can be devised are inflicted upon the Beneventans placed in captivity. [1127.7.15] Moreover, day and night they threaten that they will bring that Count Roger, given over to anathema, upon the Beneventan city, and that, led out from the virtue of Blessed Peter, they may hold it under their own dominion and power.

[1127.7.16] Insuper vobis omnibus, qui civitatum dominia et castrorum vigores tenetis, terroribus multis variisque tempestatibus minitatur, quatenus unicuique vestrum munitiones, et in quibus confiditis arces, auferat et secundum eius velle vitam vestram disponat, et prout vult et quomodo vult, de civibus peregrinos faciat et de viris locupletatis pauperes statuat, et egenos. [1127.7.17] Nos itaque mentis suae iniquitatem et excogitationes quibusdam signorum coniecturis per eos, qui hactenus perpessi sunt, cognoscentes, longe lateque vitavimus, et pollicitationes suas tanquam virus mortiferum fugientes nullo modo paruimus neque, ut ita dicam, auribus percipere dignati sumus. [1127.7.18] Auri quippe et divitiarum quantas pollicitus est cumulationes, dumtaxat si ei ducatus honorem largiri vellemus, divitiarum sane illarum multimodas evitans promissiones, tum pro Romanae Sedis honestate, quam conservare certavi, tum pro vestri exilii, quod horis omnibus terrore expavi, Deum omnium factorem seculorum, qui renes scrutatur, et corda, deieci et dedignatus sum!

[1127.7.16] Moreover, to all of you who hold the dominions of cities and the strengths of castles, he threatens with many terrors and manifold tempests, to the end that he may take from each of you the fortifications and the citadels in which you trust, and dispose your life according to his will, and, as he wishes and how he wishes, make from citizens foreigners, and from wealthy men set up paupers and the needy. [1127.7.17] We therefore, recognizing the iniquity of his mind and his contrivances by certain conjectures of signs through those who have thus far endured, have shunned him far and wide, and, fleeing his promises as deadly poison, in no way obeyed, nor, so to speak, deigned to receive them with our ears. [1127.7.18] Indeed, how great accumulations of gold and of riches he promised—provided only that we were willing to grant him the honor of the duchy—avoiding, to be sure, the multiform promises of those riches, both for the honor of the Roman See, which I have striven to conserve, and for your exile, which at every hour I have dreaded with terror, before God, the maker of all ages, who searches the reins and the hearts, I rejected and disdained them!

[1127.7.19] Pro vestra credatis confusione et expulsione divitias tantas promiserit, excogitans ad eius libitum me usquequaque devolvere, et consensum vestrae largiri exulationi! [1127.7.20] Ego vero dilectionis vestrae vinculum amplexatus, mori prius vobiscum elegerim, quam eius pollicitationibus nefandis adherere. [1127.7.21] Vitam igitur mortisque asperitatem, carissimi confratres et filii, in vestra tenetis electione et voluntate, dummodo pugnare velitis, et vigorem honestatis tueri adinvicem exestuatis.

[1127.7.19] Would you believe that for your confusion and expulsion he has promised such riches, devising to roll me down utterly to his pleasure, and to bestow consent to your exile! [1127.7.20] I, for my part, embracing the bond of your affection, would sooner choose to die with you than to adhere to his nefarious promises. [1127.7.21] Therefore life and the asperity of death, dearest fellow-brethren and sons, you hold in your own election and will, provided that you are willing to fight, and are aflame to defend, each for the other, the vigor of honor.

[1127.7.22] Prudentiam vestram certissimum expertus sum, nihilque restat nisi, omni desidia abiecta et cordis torpore deposito, Romanae Sedis dignitatem, quae pro vobis omnibus assidue intervenit, defendatis, et vobis ipsis, quem tenetis vigorem, et filiis vestris conservare conemini. [1127.7.23] Subvenite itaque, viri fortissimi et bellatores perspicui, et dum tempus prosperitatis succedit, viribus cunctis iustitiae, quam amplectimur, severitatem ad ardua sublevemus! [1127.7.24] Deus enim, qui iustitiae via est, et lux veritatis, et beati Petri apostoli interventio nos cotidie liberabit, et auxilium a sancto eius solio pietate assueta largietur".

[1127.7.22] I have tested your prudence most surely, and nothing remains except that, with all sloth cast away and the torpor of heart set aside, you defend the dignity of the Roman See, which continually intervenes on behalf of you all, and that you strive to preserve for yourselves the vigor which you hold, and for your sons. [1127.7.23] Come to the aid, therefore, most brave men and clear-sighted warriors, and while a time of prosperity succeeds, with all forces let us lift up to lofty things the severity of justice which we embrace! [1127.7.24] For God, who is the way of justice and the light of truth, and the intervention of the blessed apostle Peter, will free us daily, and from his holy throne will grant help with accustomed piety".

[1127.8.1] Haec et multa his similia pontifice Honorio, lacrimis irrigantibus, predicante, vox militum populique omnis, qui convenerat, efficitur, et una concordia clamavere se suaque omnia pro Beati Petri fidelitate et sua tradituros. [1127.8.2] Novissime Robertus, noviter princeps statutus, coram omnibus taliter pollicetur: [1127.8.3] "En, pater venerabilis, et personam, quam aspicis, et totius principatus mei, quem tradidisti, virtutem tuae committo ditioni et ad tuum imperium omnia subiacebunt!". [1127.8.4] Idipsum Rainulphus comes, et multi alii proceres et episcopi, qui convenerant, pollicentur. [1127.8.5] O quales, lector, promissiones, si adesses, aspiceres, et quae ex eorum promissis oriebantur lacrimationes quas, si universas enarrare voluissem, fastidium auditoribus generaretur.

[1127.8.1] As Pontiff Honorius, with tears bedewing, preached these things and many similar to these, a cry of the soldiers and of all the people who had assembled is brought forth, and with one concord they shouted that they would hand over themselves and all that was theirs for the fidelity of Blessed Peter and their own. [1127.8.2] Lastly Robert, newly appointed prince, in the presence of all thus promises: [1127.8.3] "Lo, venerable father, both the person whom you behold, and the whole virtue of my principate, which you have handed over, I commit to your dominion, and to your imperium all things shall be subject!" [1127.8.4] The same Rainulf the count, and many other nobles and bishops who had come together, promise. [1127.8.5] O what promises, reader, you would behold, if you had been present, and what lacrimations were arising from their promises— which, if I had wished to recount them all, tedium would be generated for the auditors.

[1127.8.6] Audiens autem Apostolicus Honorius multitudinem illam ad eius exorationes consentaneam dedisse concordiam, salvatori omnium Deo, et beatis apostolis Petro et Paulo, gratias egit, qui in se sperantibus subvenit et cotidianum prebet auxilium. [1127.8.7] Continuo et ex auctoritate divina, et beatae Mariae Virginis et sanctorum apostolorum meritis talem eis impendit retributionem: eorum videlicet, qui delictorum suorum penitentiam sumpserint, si in expeditione illa morientur, peccata universa remisit; illorum autem, qui ibi mortui non fuerint, et confessi sunt, medietatem donavit.

[1127.8.6] Hearing, moreover, that that multitude had given concord consonant with his entreaties, the Apostolic Honorius gave thanks to God, the savior of all, and to the blessed apostles Peter and Paul, who succors those hoping in himself and affords daily aid. [1127.8.7] Immediately, both by divine authority and by the merits of the Blessed Virgin Mary and of the holy apostles, he bestowed upon them such a retribution: namely, of those who shall have taken penance for their misdeeds, if they die on that expedition, he remitted all sins; but of those who shall not have died there, and have confessed, he granted the half.

[1127.9.1] Audiens itaque prefatus princeps et comes Rainulphus tanti beneficii gratiam ab Honorio pontifice prolatam, alacritate ingenti locupletati cum universis, qui convenerant, ad eorum propria secesserunt; nec mora, totius sui principatus orbem et comitatus, preconibus tonantibus, feriunt, ut unusquisque ad pontificis paretur solatium; populus autem universus eorum imperio consensit. [1127.9.2] Accesserunt interea predictus princeps et comes Rainulphus ad pontificis presentiam et ei salutis consilium inventum intimavere: prius videlicet Ugonem Infantem a comite illo conveniri oporteret, quoniam quidem, datis inter se et acceptis securitatibus, alligati videbantur; Apostolicus autem dictis illorum et assensum prebuit, et eorum fidem commendavit. [1127.9.3] Confestim quosdam suorum procerum comes ille accipiens ad Ugonem conveniendum, ut iustitiam ei sequatur, delegavit, addens in mandatis, ut obsides et fideiussores acciperet quatenus, securitate omni adhibita, curiam comitis ad iustitiam faciendam veniret.

[1127.9.1] Hearing therefore the aforesaid prince and Count Rainulf the grace of so great a benefit brought forth by Pontiff Honorius, with immense alacrity, being enriched, they, together with all who had assembled, withdrew to their own places; without delay, they smote the whole circuit of their principality and county, with heralds thunderously proclaiming, that each and every man be prepared for the pontiff’s solace; moreover the whole people consented to their command. [1127.9.2] Meanwhile the aforesaid prince and Count Rainulf approached the pontiff’s presence and intimated to him the counsel of safety that had been found: namely, that first it was fitting for Ugo the Infans to be convened by that count, since indeed, securities having been given and received between them, they seemed to be bound; but the Apostolic one both gave assent to their words and commended their faith. [1127.9.3] Forthwith that count, taking certain of his nobles, delegated them to convene with Ugo, that he should follow justice with him, adding in the mandates that he should take hostages and sureties, in order that, all security being applied, he might come to the count’s court to do justice.

[1127.9.4] Quid multa? Neque obsides voluit, nec curiam comitis adivit; comes igitur protinus omnia pontifici Honorio patefecit.

[1127.9.4] Why say more? He was willing neither to give hostages, nor did he go to the count’s court; therefore the count immediately disclosed everything to Pontiff Honorius.

[1127.10.1] Deinde prefatus princeps et comes, sicut polliciti sunt, militum copiosam manum et peditum innumeram multitudinem arripiens super castellum ipsius Ugonis Infantis, nomine La Pellosa, commeavit. [1127.10.2] Audiens Guidelmus, tunc rector Beneventanus, castellum illud sic obsessum fuisse, civitatis totius partes voce preconis intonuit quatenus, armis eductis, ad expeditionem illam properarent; populus itaque paratus ad necessaria expeditionis citissime festinavit; triduo autem post prefatus rector, sumptis secum fere duobus milibus hominum, super castellum illud tetendit. [1127.10.3] Cumque sic acriter castellum illud obsessum fuisset, silva, quae ob ipsius castri tuitionem longo ex tempore surrexerat, celeriter incisa et in ignem est conversa.

[1127.10.1] Then the aforesaid prince and count, just as they had promised, taking up a copious band of knights and an innumerable multitude of foot-soldiers, marched upon the castle of that Hugh the Infant, by name La Pellosa. [1127.10.2] Hearing that the castle had been thus besieged, William, then Beneventan rector, thundered with a herald’s voice to all parts of the city that, weapons drawn, they should hasten to that expedition; accordingly the people, prepared for the necessaries of the expedition, made haste most swiftly; and three days later the aforesaid rector, taking with him nearly two thousand men, made for that castle. [1127.10.3] And when the castle had been thus sharply besieged, the forest which had arisen long ago for the defense of that same fortress was quickly cut down and was converted into fire.

[1127.10.4] Deinde Beneventanus populus unanimiter aggregatus castri illius agreditur munitionem, et eo agresso, viriliter expugnatum est: capi quidem et comburi potuisset, dummodo comitis Rainulphi auxilium subveniret; sed quia comes ille, prout poterat, auxiliari noluit, Beneventanus populus ad eorum castra fatigatus revertitur. [1127.10.5] Altera autem die adveniente, Beneventanus aspiciens populus comitis auxilium, et principis, non ita viriliter adesse, prout polliciti sunt Apostolico, pavore tedioque correpti super talibus dilationibus mirabantur. [1127.10.6] Mane autem facto, predictus princeps tentorium suum et apparatus eius amoveri precepit; deinde comes Rainulphus pro tempore nivali et periculoso instanti manere in tanta excusabat expeditione; sicque una cum principe discessit.

[1127.10.4] Then the Beneventan people, unanimously aggregated, attacks the fortification of that castle, and when it had been assaulted, it was valiantly stormed: indeed it could have been captured and burned, provided that the aid of Count Rainulf had come; but because that count, so far as he was able, was unwilling to assist, the Beneventan people, worn out, returns to their camp. [1127.10.5] But with the next day arriving, the Beneventan people, seeing the aid of the count, and of the prince, not to be present so manfully as they had promised to the Apostolic, seized with fear and tedium, wondered at such delays. [1127.10.6] But when morning was made, the aforesaid prince ordered his tent and its equipment to be removed; then Count Rainulf excused remaining in so great an expedition on account of the snowy and perilous season at hand; and thus he departed together with the prince.

[1127.10.7] Rector igitur illorum deprehendens excusationes, ut populus omnis ad civitatem reverteretur, precepit: nec mora, iussa sumentes cursu rapido repedaverunt; obsidio autem illa quarto kalendas Februarii facta est. [1127.10.8] Prefatus itaque pontifex, qui apud Montem Sarclum morabatur, castrum illud sic dimissum fuisse deprehendens, et pollicitationes principis et comitis non circa eum prospere commorari, dolore inaudito turbatus, ultra quam credi potest, condoluit infremendo; continuo iter arripiens Romanos fines adivit. [1127.10.9] Princeps itaque et comes dolosas suas machinationes circa pontificem excusabant Honorium; Apostolicus autem universa, quae facta fuerant, et audita, cordis secreto conservans torvo, ut ita dicam, lumine circa eos aspectans, sicut mente conceperat, festinavit.

[1127.10.7] Therefore the rector, detecting their excuses, ordered that all the people return to the city; without delay, taking up the orders, they hastened back at a rapid course; moreover, that siege was made on January 29. [1127.10.8] Accordingly the aforesaid pontifex, who was staying at Mount Sarclum, perceiving that that castle had thus been abandoned, and that the promises of the prince and the count did not abide prosperously toward him, agitated by unheard-of sorrow, he lamented beyond what can be believed, roaring; immediately seizing the journey, he went to the Roman borders. [1127.10.9] Thus the prince and the count were excusing to Honorius their deceitful machinations concerning the pontiff; but the Apostolic, keeping in the secrecy of his heart all the things that had been done and heard, looking upon them, so to speak, with a grim light, hastened as he had conceived in mind.

[1127.11.1] Quibus ita peractis, Gualterio Tarentino precepit archiepiscopo, ut Beneventum veniens civitatis negotia studiose curaret, et eius consilio civitatis tueretur complexio. [1127.11.2] Super etiam rectori prefato mandavit, ut solidos de regalibus acceptos archiepiscopo illi committeret, de quibus milites civitatis armarentur, et auxilium secundum vires oriretur; rector itaque solidos illos militibus largiri distulit, dum usque literis propriis mandatum accepisset; et imperio accepto, equitibus solidos illos largitus est.

[1127.11.1] With these things thus accomplished, he commanded Walter of Tarentum, the archbishop, that, coming to Benevento, he should diligently take care of the affairs of the city, and that by his counsel the constitution of the city be protected. [1127.11.2] Moreover he commanded the aforesaid rector to consign to that archbishop the solidi received from the royal revenues, from which the soldiers of the city might be armed, and that aid, according to the resources, might arise; therefore the rector deferred to bestow those solidi upon the soldiers, until he had received the mandate by his own letters; and, the order having been received, he bestowed those solidi upon the horsemen.

[1128.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo vicesimo octavo Dominicae Incarnationis, et quarto anno pontificatus domini Honorii papae, mense Martio, sexta indictione. [1128.1.2] Hoc anno, papa Honorius venit Beneventum cum ducentis militibus Romanorum, et invenit Robertum principem Capuanum et comitem Rainulphum cum exercitu magno et civium Beneventanorum multitudine super castellum Turris Palatii, et illud valde expugnantes et obsidentes; quod castellum erat Ugonis Infantis. [1128.1.3] Ugo etenim ipse contra predictum principem et comitem Rainulphum instabat, et castro illo sic obsesso et mirabiliter expugnato, dominus, qui illud observabat, quia illud defendere non valebat, in potestate principis et comitis illud tradidit.

[1128.1.1] In the year 1128 of the Lord’s Incarnation, and in the 4th year of the pontificate of Lord Pope Honorius, in the month of March, in the 6th indiction. [1128.1.2] In this year, Pope Honorius came to Beneventum with two hundred soldiers of the Romans, and found Robert, Prince of Capua, and Count Rainulf with a great army and a multitude of the citizens of Beneventum over the castle of the Turris Palatii, and strongly assaulting and besieging it; which castle was Ugo Infans’s. [1128.1.3] For Ugo himself was pressing against the aforesaid prince and Count Rainulf, and with that fortress thus besieged and wondrously stormed, the lord who was guarding it, because he was not able to defend it, delivered it into the power of the prince and the count.

[1128.2.1] Quibus ita peractis, predictus Apostolicus Honorius audiens comitem Rogerium Siculorum contra eius voluntatem et fidelitatem cotidie insistere et Apuliae partes detinere, Robertum principem nomine et comitem submovit ut, exercitu congregato, super comitem illum Rogerium festinent. [1128.2.2] Quid multa? Simul cum principe et comite illo Apuliam descendit predictus Apostolicus, et Grimoaldum Barensem et Tancridum vocari precepit, ut omnes unanimiter adversus comitem Siculorum insistant; quod et factum est.

[1128.2.1] These things thus accomplished, the aforesaid Apostolic Honorius, hearing that Count Roger of the Sicilians was daily pressing against his will and fealty and was detaining parts of Apulia, sent forth Robert, a prince by name, and the count, that, an army having been gathered, they might hasten against that Count Roger. [1128.2.2] In short, together with that prince and count the aforesaid Apostolic descended into Apulia, and he ordered Grimoald of Bari and Tancred to be summoned, that all unanimously should press against the count of the Sicilians; which also was done.

[1128.2.3] Comes itaque Rogerius, sentiens Apostolicum cum exercitu valido militum et peditum et baronibus illis adversus se venientem, in montana secessit, devitans Apostolici virtutem, ne aliquo modo aliquid ei sinistrum contingeret; et sic per quadraginta dies Apostolicus ille ardenti sole mensis Iulii fatigatus circa comitem illum obsedit. [1128.2.4] Interea predictus princeps, quia delicati corporis erat et laborem sustinere non poterat, cepit a fidelitate Apostolici declinare, excogitans qualiter castra eius dimitteret et ad propria repedaret; et tentoria sua amoveri fecit et iter arripere conabatur. [1128.2.5] Apostolicus itaque principis fraudem, et aliorum baronum, deprehendens, pactis intervenientibus, ducatum predicto comiti Rogerio per cancellarium Aimericum et Cencum Fraiapanem se daturum promisit, et ut comes ille circa Beneventum veniret, ibique ducatus honorem ei firmaret.

[1128.2.3] Count Roger, therefore, sensing the Apostolic coming against him with a strong army of soldiers and foot and with those barons, withdrew into the mountains, avoiding the Apostolic’s power, lest in any way something adverse should befall him; and so for forty days that Apostolic, wearied by the burning sun of the month of July, besieged that count. [1128.2.4] Meanwhile the aforesaid prince, because he was of a delicate body and could not sustain labor, began to decline from fidelity to the Apostolic, devising how he might leave his camp and return to his own; and he caused his tents to be removed and was trying to take up the road. [1128.2.5] The Apostolic therefore, detecting the fraud of the prince and of the other barons, with pacts intervening, promised that he would give the duchy to the aforesaid Count Roger through the chancellor Aimeric and Cencus Fraiapanus, and that that count should come about Benevento, and there he would confirm to him the honor of the duchy.

[1128.2.6] Et his actis, Beneventum Apostolicus ille revertitur, et comes ille, exercitu suo aggregato, Beneventum venit et in monte Sancti Felicis castrametatus est. [1128.2.7] Inde, pactis inter se compositis et promissionibus adimplendis, predictus Apostolicus in octavo die Assumptione sanctae Mariae ducatus honorem comiti illi in conspectu fere viginti milium hominum largitus est, ad pontem scilicet Maiorem, iuxta fluminis ripam, post solis occasum: multis enim negotiis intervenientibus, dies ille totus disputando inter se consumptus est. [1128.2.8] Et quia comes ille civitatem Beneventi introire dubitabat, ideo predictus Apostolicus foris, ut dictum est, ad pradictum pontem exivit et ducatus ei tribuit honorem.

[1128.2.6] And with these things done, that Apostolic returned to Benevento, and that count, his army having been assembled, came to Benevento and encamped on the Mount of Saint Felix. [1128.2.7] Thence, with pacts composed between them and promises to be fulfilled, the aforesaid Apostolic on the octave day of the Assumption of Saint Mary bestowed the honor of the duchy upon that count in the sight of almost twenty thousand men, at the Greater Bridge, namely, beside the river’s bank, after sunset: for, many affairs intervening, that whole day was consumed with disputing among themselves. [1128.2.8] And because that count was hesitating to enter the city of Benevento, therefore the aforesaid Apostolic went outside, as has been said, to the aforesaid bridge and granted to him the honor of the duchy.

[1128.2.9] Et ducatu accepto, dux ille sacramento iuravit non esse in facto vel consensu, ut beatus Petrus, et dominus papa Honorius eiusque successores cattholici civitatem Beneventanam perdant, et principatum Capuanum non capiat vel permittat ad capiendum; et his omnibus actis, Salernum revertitur et Siciliam repedavit.

[1128.2.9] And, the duchy received, that duke swore by oath that he would not be, in deed or in consent, that blessed Peter and lord Pope Honorius and his Catholic successors lose the Beneventan city, and that he would not seize the Capuan principality nor permit it to be seized; and, with all these things done, he returned to Salerno and made his way back to Sicily.

[1128.3.1] Diebus autem non multis elapsis, predictus pontifex Honorius, consilio accepto, Romam reversus est, sed priusquam urbem Romam ingrederetur, pars quaedam Beneventanorum secundo die stante mensis Septembris Guidelmum, tunc Beneventanum rectorem, in Sacro palatio Beneventano, gladiis eductis, occidit. [1128.3.2] Videlicet miser ille rector furorem partis illius fugere tentans, post altare Sancti Ioannis de Cappella Palatii fugit et ibi occultans infra pedes Ioannis presbiteri, qui ibi Missam tunc celebrabat, se abscondit; sed evadere non potuit: ibi vero cultris percussus est, et foris eductus de palatio illo proicitur. [1128.3.3] Et pedibus eius funem ligaverunt, sicque per civitatis plateam usque ad carnariam Sancti Laurentii, heu miser, lapidibus obrutus productus est!

[1128.3.1] But with not many days having elapsed, the aforesaid pontiff Honorius, counsel having been taken, returned to Rome; but before he entered the city of Rome, on the second day of the month of September, a certain party of the Beneventans, with swords drawn, killed William, then the Beneventan rector, in the Sacred Beneventan palace. [1128.3.2] To wit, that wretched rector, attempting to flee the fury of that faction, fled behind the altar of Saint John of the Chapel of the Palace, and there, hiding at the feet of John the presbyter, who was then celebrating Mass there, concealed himself; but he could not escape: there indeed he was struck with knives, and, led outside, he was thrown out from that palace. [1128.3.3] And to his feet they tied a rope, and thus through the city’s street as far as the shambles of Saint Lawrence, alas, the wretch, overwhelmed with stones, was dragged forth!

[1128.3.4] Et eo defuncto, populus civitatis furore arreptus domum Potonis Spitameta, et Ioannis et Guisliccionis iudicum, et Transonis, et Laurentii et Lodoici medici destruxerunt; ipsi vero et Dauferius iudex populi caventes superbiam ad Montem Fuscum fugiunt. [1128.3.5] Continuo, communitate intra se ordinata, populus fere totus iuravit, ut ex tunc et septem annis completis et quadraginta diebus non esset habitator civitatis predictus Poto Spitameta cum aliis supradictis, qui civitatem exierunt.

[1128.3.4] And when he was dead, the people of the city, seized by fury, destroyed the house of Poto Spitameta, and those of John and Guisliccio, judges, and of Transo, and of Lawrence and of Louis the physician; but they themselves, and Dauferius, judge of the people, taking heed against arrogance, flee to Montem Fuscum. [1128.3.5] Immediately, with a commune organized among themselves, almost the whole people swore that from then and for seven completed years and forty days the aforesaid Poto Spitameta, together with the others above-said who left the city, should not be an inhabitant of the city.

[1128.4.1] Eodem anno, Ioannes, abbas Sanctae Sophiae, octavo die stante mensis Novembris mortuus est, et Franco, qui tunc erat mansionarius, electus est.

[1128.4.1] In the same year, John, abbot of Saint Sophia, died on the 8th day standing of the month of November, and Franco, who then was mansionary, was elected.

[1128.5.1] Audiens autem predictus pontifex mortem rectoris illius sic contigisse, dolore turbatus valde civitati Beneventanae minatur, ultionem pro tali facinore insectari. [1128.5.2] Continuo, consilio accepto, miserunt ad predictum pontificem legatos, dicentes mortem rectoris per stultos, et viros iniquos advenisse, et rogantes, ut rectorem idoneum mitteret et pacem donaret Beneventanis; pontifex autem, consilio accepto, dominum Girardum cardinalem rectorem nobis mandavit.

[1128.5.1] Hearing, however, that the aforesaid pontiff the death of that rector had thus come to pass, greatly disturbed with grief he threatens the Beneventan city, to pursue vengeance for such a crime. [1128.5.2] Immediately, counsel having been taken, they sent legates to the aforesaid pontiff, saying that the death of the rector had come about through fools and iniquitous men, and begging that he send a suitable rector and grant peace to the Beneventans; but the pontiff, counsel having been taken, appointed to us Lord Gerard, a cardinal, as rector.

[1129.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo vicesimo nono Dominicae Incarnationis. [1129.1.2] Hoc anno predictus papa Honorius Beneventum venit et mense Augusto predictum Franconem abbatem monasterii Sanctae Sophiae consecravit; et precatur Beneventanis, qui communitatem fecerant, ut predictum Potonem Spitameta cum iam dictis civibus, quos de civitate eiecerant, in civitatem revocarent Beneventum; quod obtinere non potuit. [1129.1.3] Unde Apostolicus valde iratus de Benevento exivit et ad vicum quendam, qui dicitur Leocubante, secessit; et rogavit predictum ducem Rogerium, qui ibi morabatur, ut in mense Maio venturo cum exercitu veniret et de civibus Beneventanis ultionem acciperet; quod dux ille sacramento iuravit taliter facturum.

[1129.1.1] In the year 1129 of the Lord’s Incarnation. [1129.1.2] In this year the aforesaid pope Honorius came to Benevento and in the month of August consecrated the aforesaid Franco abbot of the monastery of Saint Sophia; and he beseeches the Beneventans, who had made a commune, that they recall the aforesaid Potone Spitameta with the already-mentioned citizens, whom they had cast out from the city, back into the city Benevento; which he was not able to obtain. [1129.1.3] Whence the Apostolic, very angry, departed from Benevento and withdrew to a certain village, which is called Leocubante; and he asked the aforesaid duke Roger, who was staying there, that in the coming month of May he would come with an army and take vengeance upon the citizens of Benevento; which that duke swore by oath that he would do thus.

[1129.1.4] Inde Apostolicus ille ad castrum Ceppaluni adivit et civitatem predari fecit; et sic valde iratus Romam repedavit.

[1129.1.4] Thence that Apostolic went to the castle of Ceppaluni and had the city plundered; and thus, very irate, he returned to Rome.

[1129.2.1] Et hoc anno, corpora sanctorum Ianuarii, Festi et Desiderii Roffridus, tunc archipresul, foras produxit de altari, in quo antiquo tempore iacuerant; re vera non honeste, sicut decebat, loco illo manebant. [1129.2.2] Unde in basilicam, quam Gualterius Tarentinus archiepiscopus pro sanctorum illorum dilectione construi fecerat, magno cum honore et letitia predictorum sanctorum ossa collocata sunt, nobis videntibus et de illorum ossibus osculantibus.

[1129.2.1] And in this year, Roffridus, then archbishop, brought forth outside from the altar the bodies of the saints Januarius, Festus, and Desiderius, in which in ancient time they had lain; in truth, not honorably, as was fitting, did they remain in that place. [1129.2.2] Whence into the basilica which Gualterius the Tarentine, archbishop, had caused to be constructed for love of those saints, with great honor and joy the bones of the aforesaid saints were placed, we ourselves seeing and kissing their bones.

[1129.3.1] Eodem anno, dominus papa Honorius medio mense Februario viam universae carnis ingressus est ad Dominum. [1129.3.2] At dominus Innocentius electus est; post quem Innocentium die ipso, ad horam tertiam, Petrus Portuensis episcopus Petrum, filium Petri Leonis, elegit pro Anacleto; deinde Innocentii illius electionem damnantes, Anacleti pontificis electionem confirmabant. [1129.3.3] Cumque Leo Frangenspanem, qui partem Innocentii sequebatur, electionem Anacleti audivisset, cepit Romanos cives fideles suos et amicos exhortari, ut eius faverent auxilio.

[1129.3.1] In the same year, lord Pope Honorius, in the middle of the month of February, entered upon the way of all flesh unto the Lord. [1129.3.2] And lord Innocent was elected; after whom, on that very day, at the 3rd hour, Peter, bishop of Porto, chose Peter, son of Peter Leonis, as Anacletus; then, condemning the election of that Innocent, they were confirming the election of Anacletus the pontiff. [1129.3.3] And when Leo Frangenspanem, who was following the party of Innocent, had heard of the election of Anacletus, he began to exhort the Roman citizens, his faithful and friends, that they should favor him with assistance.

[1129.3.4] Inde Leo, germanus prefati Anacleti, erario aperto, totum fere populum Romanum rogavit, ut iuxta vires fratris electionem tueretur; quod et factum est; sicque ab utraque parte graviter civile bellum sepissime inceptum est.

[1129.3.4] Thence Leo, the own brother of the aforesaid Anacletus, the treasury opened, besought almost the whole Roman people to defend, according to their powers, his brother’s election; which also was done; and thus on both sides a grievous civil war was most frequently begun.

[1130.1.1] Anno Dominicae Incarnationis millesimo centesimo trigesimo, mense Martio, octava indictione. [1130.1.2] Cumque predictus Anacletus electus fuisset, Beneventanis mandavit, qualiter ipse electus fuisset, et ut Beneventani sibi facerent fidelitatem. [1130.1.3] Prefatus igitur Innocentius consecratus pontifex videns populi Romani divisiones et civilia bella cotidie oriri, consilio habito, ultra Montes perrexit, ad regem quidem Francorum et ad alios Romanae Sedis fideles; qui honeste et diligenti cura ab eis susceptus est.

[1130.1.1] In the year of the Lord’s Incarnation 1130, in the month of March, in the eighth indiction. [1130.1.2] And when the aforesaid Anacletus had been elected, he mandated to the Beneventans how he had been elected, and that the Beneventans should do fealty to him. [1130.1.3] Therefore the aforesaid Innocent, consecrated pontiff, seeing the divisions of the Roman people and civil wars arise daily, having taken counsel, went beyond the Mountains, to the king indeed of the Franks and to other faithful of the Roman See; who was received by them honorably and with diligent care.

[1130.1.4] Continuo apud Remensem civitatem synodum celebravit; ad cuius conventus presentiam archiepiscopi, et episcopi fere centum, sicut accepimus, et quinquaginta convenere; ibi Anacletum illum et eius fautores vinculis excommunicationis alligavit.

[1130.1.4] Immediately he held a synod at the city of Reims; to the presence of whose convocation there convened archbishops and bishops, nearly one hundred and fifty, as we have learned; there he bound that Anacletus and his fautors with the chains of excommunication.

[1130.2.1] Eodem anno, predictus Roffridus Beneventanus archiepiscopus mortuus est et Landulphus, filius Roffridi de Gaiderisio, electus est in archiepiscopum.

[1130.2.1] In the same year, the aforesaid Roffridus, Beneventan archbishop, died, and Landulf, son of Roffridus of Gaiderisius, was elected as archbishop.

[1130.3.1] Eodem anno, predictus Anacletus venit Beneventum; deinde Abellinum civitatem ivit et cum predicto duce Rogerio stabilivit, ut eum regem coronaret Siciliae; et his statutis, Anacletus ille Beneventum revertitur, et dux ipse Salernum; deinde Siciliam remeavit.

[1130.3.1] In the same year, the aforesaid Anacletus came to Benevento; then he went to the city of Avellino and established with the aforesaid Duke Roger that he would crown him king of Sicily; and, these arrangements having been set, that Anacletus returned to Benevento, and the duke himself to Salerno; then he returned to Sicily.

[1130.4.1] Anno igitur ipso, predictus Anacletus cardinalem suum, Comite nomine, ad ducem illum direxit, quem die Nativitatis Domini in civitatem Palormitanam in regem coronavit. [1130.4.2] Princeps vero Robertus Capuanus coronam in capite eius posuit, cui non dignam retributionem impendit.

[1130.4.1] Therefore in that very year, the aforesaid Anacletus dispatched his cardinal, by the name Comes, to that duke, whom, on the day of the Nativity of the Lord, in the Palermitan city, he crowned as king. [1130.4.2] But Prince Robert of Capua placed the crown upon his head, to whom he rendered not a worthy recompense.

[1130.5.1] Et eodem anno, ipse Anacletus consecravit Romae predictum Landulphum archiepiscopum.

[1130.5.1] And in the same year, that Anacletus himself consecrated at Rome the aforesaid Landulf as archbishop.

[1130.6.1] Et his omnibus actis, idem rex Rogerius, exercitu congregato, comprehendit Amalfiam. [1130.6.2] Cumque predictus Anacletus, ut supra, cum duce Rogerio apud civitatem locutus esset Abellinum, Beneventum revertitur; et consilio accepto, vocari fecit predictum Ioannem, et Dauferium et Benedictum iudices, et Lodoicum medicum et Potonem Spitameta, et accipiens ab eis ducentos solidos reduxit illos in civitatem, et omnes illorum possessiones eis concessit. [1130.6.3] Deinde cum illis et aliis suis fautoribus tractavit, quomodo communitatem frangeret, quae infra civitatem coniuraverat a tempore mortis prenominati Guidelmi rectoris.

[1130.6.1] And with all these things done, that same king Roger, an army having been gathered, seized Amalfi. [1130.6.2] And when the aforesaid Anacletus, as above, had spoken with Duke Roger at the city Abellinum, he returns to Benevento; and, counsel having been received, he had the aforesaid John, and Dauferius and Benedict, judges, and Lodoicus the physician and Poton Spitameta summoned; and taking from them two hundred solidi he led them back into the city, and he granted to them all their possessions. [1130.6.3] Then with them and with his other favorers he deliberated how he might break the community which within the city had sworn together from the time of the death of the afore-named William the rector.

[1130.6.4] Sepissime etenim relatum fuerat, quod ob eius infestationem et civitatis detrimentum communitas illa fuisset ordinata, maxime a tempore predicti papae Honorii, quatenus idem papa eis, qui rectorem illum interfecerant, nocere non posset. [1130.6.5] Item sibi narratum fuerat, quomodo idem pontifex Honorius Beneventum venisset post mortem predicti rectoris et cum civibus satis satisque fuisset locutus, ut iudices illos, qui ab illius morte rectoris exulaverant, in civitatem permitterent introire et ad domos eorum, quamvis destructas, remeare; quod obtinere non potuit. [1130.6.6] Unde, ut prediximus, idem pontifex Honorius valde iratus de Beneventana civitate exivit, et cum duce Rogerio de civitatis tractavit desolatione.

[1130.6.4] For it had been very often related that, on account of his infestation and the detriment of the city, that community had been organized, especially from the time of the aforesaid Pope Honorius, such that the same pope could not harm those who had killed that rector. [1130.6.5] Likewise it had been narrated to him how that same Pontiff Honorius had come to Beneventum after the death of the aforesaid rector and had spoken with the citizens enough and more than enough, that they should permit those judges, who since that rector’s death had been exiled, to enter the city and return to their homes, although destroyed; which he was not able to obtain. [1130.6.6] Whence, as we have said above, the same Pontiff Honorius, very angry, departed from the Beneventan city, and with Duke Roger treated about the desolation of the city.

[1130.7.1] His et aliis multis predicto Anacleto de communitate illa sic ordinata relatis, continuo, consilio predictorum iudicum et aliorum eius fautorum communicato, Anacletus ipse Robertum Capuanum principem, qui tunc sibi favebat, vocari precepit, ut virtute militum copiosa stipatus ad eum festinaret; qui, nuntiis acceptis, sicut mandaverat, acceleravit. [1130.7.2] Confestim fractionem communitatis faciendam cum eo disponens precatur eum, ut super hoc viriliter auxilietur. [1130.7.3] Quid multis?

[1130.7.1] With these and many other things about that community thus ordained having been reported to the aforesaid Anacletus, immediately, the counsel of the aforesaid judges and of his other favorers having been communicated, Anacletus himself ordered that Robert, Prince of Capua, who at that time favored him, be called, that, surrounded by a copious force of soldiers, he should hasten to him; who, the messages having been received, as he had ordered, hastened. [1130.7.2] Forthwith, arranging with him that a fracturing of the community be made, he beseeches him to aid manfully in this matter. [1130.7.3] Why say more?

Die constituto, in octavis quidem Epiphaniae, et prefato principe cum suis insistente, vocatur Rolpoto de Sancto Eustasio, qui precipuus super illa videbatur communitate ferventior, et Beneventus de Ioanne de Rocca, et Roffridus de Anselmo, et Dauferius Barbae Maioris aliique eiusdem Rolpotonis sequaces, qui acciti in palatio Dacomarii, ubi tunc Anacletus ipse, consilio celebrato, morabatur, conveniunt ut, quid Anacletus peteret, audirent. [1130.7.4] Ex adverso denique Crescentius, tunc rector, fere quatringentos suos vocaverat fautores armatos, ut eos vocatos sine audientia caperet; continuo Anacleti fautores sic armati et principis vigorem habentes insurgunt, armisque eductis, Rolpotonem illum et cunctos, qui cum illo venerant, turpiter comprehendentes in palatio illo Dacomarii vinctos tenuerunt: deinde per plateas eorum amicos inventos comprehenderunt. [1130.7.5] Ioannem vero quendam, ut ita dicam, iocularium, ultra quam credi potest, lapidibus gladiisque diversis trucidant; sed sic trucidatus et vulneribus multis afflictus de eorum manibus semivivus evasit; qui plures postea advixit annos.

On the appointed day, indeed on the Octave of Epiphany, and with the aforesaid prince pressing on with his men, Rolpoto of Saint Eustace is summoned, who seemed the chief, more fervent over that community; and Beneventus, of John of Rocca, and Roffridus, of Anselm, and Dauferius, of the Greater Beard, and others followers of the same Rolpoto—who, called to the palace of Dacomarius, where then Anacletus himself, a council having been celebrated, was staying, come together so that they might hear what Anacletus sought. [1130.7.4] Over against them, finally, Crescentius, then rector, had summoned nearly four hundred of his armed supporters, that he might seize those who were called without an audience; immediately Anacletus’s supporters, thus armed and having the vigor of the prince, rise up, and, with weapons drawn, ignominiously seizing that Rolpoto and all who had come with him, held them bound in that palace of Dacomarius: then through the streets they seized their friends found. [1130.7.5] But a certain John, so to speak, a jester, they butcher with stones and various swords beyond what can be believed; but thus butchered and afflicted with many wounds, from their hands he escaped half-alive; who afterwards lived on for many years.

[1130.7.6] Cumque prefatus Rolpoto cum sequacibus suis taliter captus fuisset, statuit predictus Anacletus, ut Persicum et Roffridum iudices caperet; qui actibus illorum consenserant, et quorum consilio longo sic tempore communitas illa regnaverat. [1130.7.7] Predictus autem Persicus et Roffridus iudices huiusmodi consilia per amicos sentientes, civitatem silentio exeuntes manus Anacleti et inimicorum evaserunt; sicque per dimidium fere annum exulaverunt. [1130.7.8] Audiens itaque predictus Anacletus sic Persicum et Roffridum diffugientes, mirabiliter contristatus est et mirabatur, quomodo eius consilium esset patefactum: excogitaverat enim ut, si iudices illi capti fuissent, in Siciliam illos captivos, Beneventum nunquam reversuros, transmitteret.

[1130.7.6] And when the aforesaid Rolpoto had been so captured with his followers, the aforesaid Anacletus resolved to seize Persicus and Roffridus, the judges; who had consented to their deeds, and by whose counsel for so long a time that commune had reigned. [1130.7.7] But the aforesaid Persicus and Roffridus, the judges, perceiving such counsels through friends, slipping out of the city in silence, escaped the hands of Anacletus and of their enemies; and thus for nearly half a year they lived in exile. [1130.7.8] Therefore, hearing that Persicus and Roffridus had so fled apart, the aforesaid Anacletus was wondrously grieved and marveled how his counsel had been laid open: for he had devised that, if those judges had been captured, he would send them captive into Sicily, never to return to Benevento.

[1130.7.9] Et his actis, a compluribus predicti Rolpotonis amicis Anacletus ille rogatur, ut Rolpotonem illum a vinculis solvat, et orationibus eorum favens, a vinculis eum absolvit; qui sacramento firmavit iam amplius communitatem illam vel aliam nunquam tenendam; alios vero eius sequaces sacramentis ligatos de civitate proiecit, ut sine ipsius Anacleti voluntate vel sui rectoris civitatem non ingrediantur. [1130.7.10] Quibus omnibus ita peractis, predictus Anacletus die kalendarum Martiarum Salernum ivit; deinde, consilio accepto, Romam redeundi disposuit.

[1130.7.9] And these things done, by many friends of the aforesaid Rolpotus that Anacletus is asked to release that Rolpotus from bonds, and, favoring their prayers, he absolved him from bonds; he, by an oath, affirmed that he would henceforth never hold that commune or any other; but the others, his followers, he cast out of the city, bound by oaths, so that they might not enter the city without the will of Anacletus himself or of their rector. [1130.7.10] With all these things thus completed, the aforesaid Anacletus on the day of the Kalends of March went to Salerno; then, counsel having been taken, he resolved to return to Rome.

[1130.8.1] Cumque de captione predicti Anacleti Rolpoto ille evaderet, cepit mirabiliter mirabiliusque multas variasque in pectore moliri machinationes, qualiter contra Anacletum et eius fautores, qui se turpiter comprehenderant, et quorum institutione hortum suum vendiderat sexaginta romanatos, quos predicto dederat Anacleto, ageret. [1130.8.2] Aiebat quidem Rolpoto ille morti prius velle succumbere, quam captivitatem suam et amicorum suorum dimittere impunitam; cepit namque nova cotidie experiri consilia et contra eius adversarios torvo semper vultu et animo excogitare.

[1130.8.1] And when that Rolpoto escaped from the capture by the aforesaid Anacletus, he began marvelously and more marvelously to contrive many and various machinations in his breast, how he should act against Anacletus and his favorers, who had shamefully seized him, and at whose instigation he had sold his garden for 60 romanatos, which he had given to the aforesaid Anacletus. [1130.8.2] Indeed that Rolpoto kept saying that he would rather succumb to death than let his and his friends’ captivity go unpunished; for he began daily to try new counsels and, always with a grim visage and mind, to devise against his adversaries.

[1131.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo trigesimo primo Dominicae Incarnationis, mense Martio. [1131.1.2] Diebus non multis evolutis, predictus Beneventus cum sequacibus suis octavo die intrante mensis Maii, armis acceptis, Beneventum ingrediuntur et domum ipsius Dauferii Basaforte ascendunt, ibique audaci animo permanserunt. [1131.1.3] Miserunt itaque amicis suis ut, ipsis in plateam propalatis, unanimiter subveniant, et de adversariis suis accipiant ultionem, quorum consilio de civitate expulsi fuerant: nec mora, predictus Beneventus et eius sequaces ceperunt viriliter gladiis lapidibusque debellari.

[1131.1.1] In the year 1131 of the Lord’s Incarnation, in the month of March. [1131.1.2] With not many days elapsed, the aforesaid Beneventus, with his followers, on the eighth day as the month of May was entering, having taken up arms, enter Benevento and ascend to the very house of Dauferius Basaforte, and there they remained with a bold spirit. [1131.1.3] They therefore sent to their friends that, once they had made themselves public in the square, they might with one accord come to their aid, and might take vengeance on their adversaries, at whose counsel they had been expelled from the city; and without delay the aforesaid Beneventus and his followers began manfully to do battle with swords and stones.

[1131.1.4] Audiens igitur predictus Crescentius rector, sic eos audacter civitatem fuisse ingressos, turbatus animo et valde admirans campanam palatii pulsari precepit, quatenus omnes sui fautores cursu rapido ad eos eiciendos festinent. [1131.1.5] Quid plura? Armis eductis, ad domum Dauferii Basaforte descendunt et viriliter defendere conantur, ne sic civitas ab eorum invasione turbetur.

[1131.1.4] Therefore, when the aforesaid Crescentius, the rector, heard that they had thus boldly entered the city, troubled in spirit and greatly astonished, he ordered the bell of the palace to be struck, so that all his fautors might hasten at a rapid run to cast them out. [1131.1.5] What more? With arms drawn, they go down to the house of Dauferius Basaforte and strive manfully to make a defense, lest the city be thus disturbed by their invasion.

[1131.1.6] Beneventus autem et socii eius amicorum suorum auxilium non adesse aspiciens, domum illam Dauferii ascendunt et per domos alias diffugientes, et plateas, de civitate exeunt et de manibus persequentium incolumes evaserunt; et eis sic fugientibus, domum predicti Dauferii et aliorum, qui eis consenserant, prostraverunt. [1131.1.7] Ab illo autem die discordia multa et inaudita inter concives orta est. [1131.1.8] Persicus interea et Roffridus iudices timore inimicorum coacti civitatem Beneventanam ingredi non audebant; tandem cognoscentes predictum Anacletum Capuanam civitatem applicuisse, ut Romam reverteretur, habito consilio, civitatem ipsam Capuanam audacter ingrediuntur.

[1131.1.6] But Beneventus and his companions, seeing the aid of their friends was not present, climbed up into that house of Dauferius and, fleeing through other houses and the streets, went out of the city and escaped unharmed from the hands of the pursuers; and while they were thus fleeing, they razed the house of the aforesaid Dauferius and of the others who had consented with them. [1131.1.7] From that day, moreover, much and unheard-of discord arose among the fellow citizens. [1131.1.8] Meanwhile Persicus and Roffridus, judges, compelled by fear of enemies, did not dare to enter the Beneventan city; at length, learning that the aforesaid Anacletus had arrived at the city of Capua, so that he might return to Rome, counsel having been taken, they boldly entered that very city of Capua.

[1131.1.9] Inde Robertum principem, tunc Anacleti fidelem, suppliciter precantur, ut eius intercessione amorem Anacleti invenire mereantur, et licentiam ad possessiones suas remeandi; Robertus itaque princeps, nec mora, Anacletum adiit et eum pro dilectione illorum invenienda pulsavit. [1131.1.10] Quid multis? Petitionibus principis Anacletus favens, literis datis, licentiam redeundi et secure habitandi in civitatem eis largitur.

[1131.1.9] Thence they humbly beseech Robert the prince, then faithful to Anacletus, that by his intercession they might merit to find the favor of Anacletus, and permission to return to their possessions; therefore Prince Robert, without delay, went to Anacletus and pressed him to win his affection toward them. [1131.1.10] What more? Anacletus, favoring the petitions of the prince, by letters issued, grants to them license of returning and of dwelling securely in the city.

[1131.1.11] Qui vero redeuntes ad portam Sancti Laurentii pervenerunt disponentes ad propria fronte libera, sicut ab Anacleto acceperant, reverti; sed turba inimicorum copiosa simul cum predicto Crescentio insurgens credeliter, ne introirent, minatur. [1131.1.12] Ipsi vero proterviam eorum et minarum copiam sentientes, salutis consilium arripiunt et ad predictum sunt reversi Anacletum, qui adhuc Capuae morabatur; continuo pedibus eius prostrati omnia, quae dicta quaeque facta super se fuerant, e vestigio retulerunt; Anacletus igitur super hoc iratus cepit contra Beneventanos mirabiliter minari. [1131.1.13] Tandem ex consulto principis eos ad civitatem remisit, dans eis cardinalem suum ut, eo viso et audito, fidem darent, eosque pacifice ad propria reverti eorum permitterent: venerunt itaque, et predicto cardinale audito omnique deposito furore, cum civibus cives ipsi permanserunt.

[1131.1.11] But those who, returning, had come to the Gate of Saint Lawrence, arranging to return to their own with a free brow, just as they had received from Anacletus; but a plentiful throng of enemies, rising up together with the aforesaid Crescentius, cruelly threatens that they should not enter. [1131.1.12] They, however, perceiving their insolence and the abundance of threats, seize upon a counsel of safety and returned to the aforesaid Anacletus, who was still staying at Capua; straightway, prostrate at his feet, they reported on the spot all the things that had been said and done against them; Anacletus therefore, angered at this, began to threaten marvelously against the Beneventans. [1131.1.13] At length, by the counsel of the prince, he sent them back to the city, giving them his cardinal so that, he being seen and heard, they might give assurance and permit them to return peacefully to their own: they therefore came, and, the aforesaid cardinal having been heard and all fury laid aside, they themselves remained as citizens with the citizens.

[1131.2.1] Interea prefatus Rolpoto amicorum suorum fretus auxilio die noctuque nova semper consilia et conventicula super prefato Crescentio et eius conspiratoribus palam quandoque, privatim aliquando, adinveniebat. [1131.2.2] Tractabat quidem Rolpoto et de Crescentio et eius consentaneis ultionis penam accipere, reminiscens doloris, et captivitatis simulque horti sui venditionis, et qualiter sexaginta romanatos per eos perdidisset. [1131.2.3] Predictus autem Crescentius Rolpotonis illius et eius amicorum murmur et minarum terrores deprehendens de palatio curiae descendit et apud monasterium Sanctae Sophiae permansit.

[1131.2.1] Meanwhile the aforesaid Rolpoto, relying on the aid of his friends, day and night was always devising new counsels and conventicles about the aforesaid Crescentius and his conspirators, sometimes openly, sometimes privately. [1131.2.2] Indeed Rolpoto was also handling how to exact the penalty of vengeance from Crescentius and his confederates, remembering the pain and his captivity and likewise the sale of his garden, and how he had lost sixty romanatos through them. [1131.2.3] But the aforesaid Crescentius, detecting the murmuring of that Rolpoto and his friends and the terrors of their threats, descended from the palace of the court and remained at the monastery of Saint Sophia.

[1131.2.4] Relatum quidem ei fuerat quod, sicut predictus Guidelmus rector, ita et ipse in palatio trucidari disponebatur; qui vero ferociam talem et mortis asperitatem devitans, quasi securus infra ipsius monasterii claustra manebat. [1131.2.5] Amici igitur ipsius Crescentii et prefati iudices ad eum animose conveniunt et eum hortantur, ut ad palatium revertatur et curiae statum simul cum eis obtineat. [1131.2.6] Ipse vero Crescentius hortationibus eorum et monitis nullo voluit modo favere: per amicos re vera suos sepe ei referebatur quod, si palatium reverteretur, membratim eum divideret morte inopinata.

[1131.2.4] It had indeed been reported to him that, just as the aforesaid William, the rector, so he too was being arranged to be butchered in the palace; but he, avoiding such ferocity and the harshness of death, remained as if secure within the cloisters of that monastery. [1131.2.5] Therefore the friends of Crescentius himself and the aforesaid judges boldly come together to him and exhort him to return to the palace and to secure the Curia’s standing together with them. [1131.2.6] But Crescentius himself was willing in no way to favor their exhortations and admonitions: indeed it was often reported to him by his own friends that, if he should return to the palace, an unexpected death would divide him limb by limb.

[1131.2.7] Unde, ut prediximus, Crescentius ipse minas illorum et terrores devitans, infra iddem monasterium usque ad festivitatem sancti Angeli, quae tertio kalendas Octobris colitur, moratus est. [1131.2.8] Cernens preterea predictus Crescentius rector Rolpotonem illum et eius auxiliarios die noctuque minarum terrores et convicia super se exercere et evidenter super eum velle insurgere, cepit cum fautoribus suis studiose tractare, qualiter tanti veneni mortiferi flammas posset extinguere. [1131.2.9] Predictus interea Rolpoto horis omnibus minabatur, quod si Crescentius ipse sexaginta romanatos, quos Anacletus ei abstulerat, ei non redidisset, remota omni caligine, de corpore eius inauditam sumeret ultionem.

[1131.2.7] Wherefore, as we have said, Crescentius himself, avoiding their threats and terrors, remained within that same monastery up to the feast of the Holy Angel, which is celebrated on the third day before the Kalends of October. [1131.2.8] Seeing moreover—the aforesaid Crescentius—that rector Rolpoto and his auxiliaries were day and night exercising terrors of threats and revilings against him, and clearly wished to rise up against him, he began to treat zealously with his favorers how he might extinguish the flames of so great a death-dealing poison. [1131.2.9] Meanwhile the aforesaid Rolpoto at every hour was threatening that, if Crescentius himself did not return to him the sixty romanatos which Anacletus had taken away from him, with all obscurity removed, he would take unheard-of vengeance upon his body.

[1131.2.10] Advocans igitur predictus Crescentius suos omnes fautores cepit cum eis agere, quid super hoc esset faciendum: pars quippe eius amicorum diligenter, et dolo remoto, Crescentium illum hortatur et monet, ut illos sexaginta romanatos de curiae regalibus predicto rederet Rolpotoni, quatenus vel sic a tanta ruina et timoris tempestate secure possent permanere. [1131.2.11] Ad haec Crescentius ipse coram eis aiebat, romanatos ipsos ei redere dubitaret, precipue cum Anacletus ille in scriniis suis pecuniam illam detulisset; unde timens asserebat, quod si pecuniam illam sine Anacleti consilio rederet, procul dubio eius incurreret furorem. [1131.2.12] Dum haec et alia Beneventi geruntur, Crescentius ipse legatum suum ad Anacletum direxit, notificans omnia, quae ei acciderant, et qualiter pro pecunia Rolpotoni ablata ipse cum amicis suis mortem cotidie expectaret; insuper pro ipsius Rolpotonis timore de palatio descendisset et infra Sanctae Sophiae cenobium permansisset: [1131.2.13] "Nunc vero et de pecuniae illius reditione et de ceteris, quae ad vos misimus, quid sit agendum, nobis remittatis". [1131.2.14] Predictus itaque Anacletus huiusmodi sinistrum accipiens legatum, dolore cordis turbatus vocari fecit quosdam suorum amicorum et cum eis, quid facto opus esset, tractavit.

[1131.2.10] Therefore, summoning all his supporters, the aforesaid Crescentius began to deal with them about what ought to be done in this matter: for a part of his friends, diligently and with guile removed, urges and admonishes that Crescentius should return those sixty Romanates from the royal curia’s funds to the aforesaid Rolpoto, so that even thus they might be able to remain secure from so great a ruin and storm of fear. [1131.2.11] To this Crescentius himself, before them, said he hesitated to return those Romanates to him, especially since that Anacletus had deposited that money in his own chests; whence, fearing, he asserted that if he returned that money without Anacletus’s counsel, without doubt he would incur his fury. [1131.2.12] While these things and others are being done at Benevento, Crescentius himself sent his legate to Anacletus, notifying everything that had befallen him, and how, on account of the money taken from Rolpoto, he with his friends expected death daily; moreover, that for fear of that Rolpoto he had descended from the palace and had remained within the coenobium of Saint Sophia: [1131.2.13] “Now indeed, both concerning the return of that money and concerning the other matters which we have sent to you, send back to us what is to be done.” [1131.2.14] Therefore the aforesaid Anacletus, receiving a legation of such a sinister kind, troubled with pain of heart, had certain of his friends called and with them deliberated what needed to be done.

[1131.2.15] Quaedam vero pars eius amicorum, ut rederetur pecunia, pro qua rector eius et civitas turbata trepidabat, confirmavit. [1131.2.16] Sed Anacletus, ut erat viperei cordis, eorum deiecit consilium et Crescentio delegavit, pecuniam illam non redere: vita enim comite, ipse Beneventum veniret et tempestatis huius turbinem ad portum perduceret salutis. [1131.2.17] Reversus igitur ab Anacleto legatus literas haec omnia continentes prefato dedit Crescentio, qui magis magisque confisus literarum continentias adimplevit.

[1131.2.15] A certain part indeed of his friends affirmed that the money should be returned, on account of which their rector and the city, thrown into turmoil, were trembling. [1131.2.16] But Anacletus, as he was of a viperine heart, cast down their counsel and enjoined upon Crescentius not to return that money: life being companion, he himself would come to Beneventum and would conduct the whirl of this tempest to the harbor of safety. [1131.2.17] Therefore the legate, having returned from Anacletus, gave to the aforesaid Crescentius letters containing all these things, who, more and more confident, fulfilled the contents of the letters.

[1131.2.18] Audiens autem prefatus Rolpoto Anacletum sic precipientem et Crescentium redere dubitantem, cepit ferventius inflammari et cum Roberto principe Capuanorum et Rainulpho comite meditari, qualiter de Crescentio rectore et eius amicis, qui causa perditionis eius fuerant, ulciscatur; quod postea rei probavit eventus. [1131.2.19] His et aliis conflictationibus inter se habitis, et pro multis antiquis inimicitiarum generibus, quae ad memoriam ducebantur, concordia illa ad fructum tranquillitatis perduci non potuit. [1131.2.20] Prefatus igitur princeps et comes Rainulphus Rolpotonis illius dulcia audientes colloquia et aureas argenteasque pollicitationes, sacramentis communibus iuraverunt, cum res et tempus expostularet, sibi adinvicem subvenirent.

[1131.2.18] Hearing, moreover, that aforesaid Rolpoto that Anacletus was thus giving precepts and that Crescentius was hesitating to return it, he began to be inflamed more fervently and to meditate with Robert, prince of the Capuans, and Count Rainulf how he might avenge himself on Crescentius the rector and his friends, who had been the cause of his perdition; which afterward the event of the matter proved. [1131.2.19] With these and other conflicts held among themselves, and on account of many ancient kinds of enmities which were being brought to memory, that concord could not be brought to the fruit of tranquility. [1131.2.20] Therefore the aforesaid prince and Count Rainulf, hearing the sweet colloquies and the golden and silver promises of that Rolpoto, swore with common oaths that, when the matter and the time should require it, they would come to one another’s aid.

[1131.3.1] Sed ne tempus tarditatis me apprehendat describendi, ad ea, quae necessaria imminent et oportuna videntur, succincte festinemus. [1131.3.2] In subsequenti igitur tractatu, vita comite, describemus, qualiter predictus Crescentius cum predictis iudicibus, aliisque eorum amicis et alii fere quatringenti, tali inventa occasione, de civitate fuerunt exulati. [1131.3.3] Plura etenim veritate munita, et quae ipse viderim, omni remota dubietate, si sigillatim describere vellem, et tempus deficeret et ego, licet incultus, sub tanti laboris sudore defessus succumberem.

[1131.3.1] But lest the time of tardity in describing apprehend me, let us hasten succinctly to those things which, as necessary, are impending and seem opportune. [1131.3.2] In the subsequent tractate, life as companion, we shall describe how the aforesaid Crescentius with the aforesaid judges, and other of their friends and about four hundred others, such an occasion having been found, were exiled from the city. [1131.3.3] For indeed more things fortified by truth, and which I myself have seen, with all doubt removed—if I wished to describe them piece by piece—both time would fail, and I, albeit uncultivated, would succumb, wearied under the sweat of so great a labor.

[1131.3.4] Nihil etenim lectoribus et audientibus proderit mendacia proferre, et vanitate repleta, cum tot, ut predixi, vera habeantur quae, Domino favente, ad posteritatis memoriam ducere curamus.

[1131.3.4] For it will profit readers and hearers nothing to bring forth mendacities, replete with vanity, when so many truths, as I have previously said, are held which, with the Lord favoring, we take care to lead to the memory of posterity.

[1132.1.1] Anno igitur millesimo centesimo trigesimo secundo Dominicae Incarnationis, mense Martio, nona indictione. [1132.1.2] Luna splendorem ortus sui derelinquens in sanguinis colorem conversa est, quam nos aspicientes, prodigium fore credidimus.

[1132.1.1] Therefore, in the year 1132 of the Lord’s Incarnation, in the month of March, in the ninth indiction. [1132.1.2] The moon, leaving the splendor of its rising, was turned into the color of blood; which, as we beheld it, we believed would be a prodigy.

[1132.2.1] Hoc anno, predictus Anacletus venit Salernum.

[1132.2.1] In this year, the aforesaid Anacletus came to Salerno.

[1132.3.1] Eodem anno, prefatus rex Rogerius videns Tancridum de Conversano, virum utique prudentem et animosum, rebellem sibi et resistentem, consilio habito, exercitum congregavit, et super castrum Brindisii eiusdem Tancridi festinavit et illud terra marique obsedit; sicque mirabiliter expugnatum suae illud obtinuit potestati. [1132.3.2] Et his actis, super civitatem Barensem, exercitu convocato, festinavit; nec mora, civitatem illam diversis cepit expugnare machinationibus: per quindecim vero dies civitas illa obsessa et expugnata est. [1132.3.3] Tandem, civium Barensium traditione manifestata, civitas ipsa ad regis potestatem tradita est; et civitate ipsa sic comprehensa, Grimoaldus princeps, vir valde mirabilis et bellicosi spiritus, a quibusdam concivibus captus est et ad regis potestatem perductus; quem rex ipse confestim captivum cum uxore sua et filiis apud Siciliam mandavit; sicque totam Apuliam suae subegit potestati.

[1132.3.1] In the same year, the aforesaid King Roger, seeing Tancred of Conversano, a man assuredly prudent and high‑spirited, rebellious to him and resisting, having taken counsel, gathered an army, and hastened against the castle of Brindisi of that same Tancred and besieged it by land and sea; and so, wondrously taken by storm, he brought it under his power. [1132.3.2] And these things done, against the city of Bari, an army being convoked, he hastened; nor was there delay, he began to assail that city with diverse machinations: indeed for fifteen days that city was besieged and stormed. [1132.3.3] At length, the surrender of the citizens of Bari having been made manifest, the city itself was delivered to the king’s power; and the city thus seized, Prince Grimoald, a very remarkable man and of warlike spirit, was captured by certain fellow citizens and led to the king’s power; whom the king forthwith ordered as a captive, with his wife and sons, to be sent to Sicily; and thus he subdued all Apulia to his power.

[1132.4.1] His ita peractis, minabatur rex ipse principem Robertum et Rainulphum comitem exheredare. [1132.4.2] Eodem anno, rex prefatus deprehendens comitem ipsum Rainulphum convicia multa et afflictiones Matildi uxori suae inferre, eiusdem regis sorori, quam, ultra quam credi potest, diligebat, consilio habito, ipsam suam sororem vocari mandavit, quam honeste accipiens eam dulcibus colloquiis consolatur, et eam Siciliam mandavit. [1132.4.3] Hoc anno, rex ipse predictum principem et comitem Rainulphum cum ducentis militibus ad auxilium predicti Anacleti Romam delegavit; et eis euntibus, sicut predixi, uxorem iam dicti comitis, et filium et civitatem Abellinum ei abstulit.

[1132.4.1] With these things thus accomplished, the king himself was threatening to disinherit Prince Robert and Count Rainulf. [1132.4.2] In the same year, the aforesaid king, discovering that that same Count Rainulf was inflicting many revilings and afflictions upon Matilda his wife, the sister of the same king, whom he loved beyond what can be believed, having taken counsel, ordered that his sister be summoned; receiving her honorably, he consoles her with sweet colloquies, and he sent her to Sicily. [1132.4.3] In this year, the king himself dispatched the aforesaid prince and Count Rainulf with two hundred knights to the aid of the aforesaid Anacletus to Rome; and as they were going, as I have said, he took away from him the wife of the already-said count, and the son and the city of Abellinum.

[1132.4.4] Cum autem princeps et comes Roma reverterentur, turbati animo et dolore immenso percussi mirabantur, qualiter rex ipse uxorem eius abstulisset. [1132.4.5] Precipue tamen comes Rainulphus, cuius uxor carissima, et filius, sic ablata fuisset, palam quandoque, privatim aliquando, lacrimis conquerebatur manantibus, iniuste coniugem et filium perdidisse; inde per se ipsos et amicos eorum predictum Anacletum rogaverunt, ut a rege Rogerio impetraret redi filium et uxorem. [1132.4.6] Anacletus igitur regem per nuntios deprecatur, ut uxorem comiti rederet, et filium; quod obtinere non potuit; unde comes ille dolore accensus ultionis tempora rogabat.

[1132.4.4] But when the prince and the count were returning from Rome, disturbed in spirit and struck with immense grief, they marveled how the king himself had taken away his wife. [1132.4.5] Especially, however, Count Rainulf, whose dearest wife, and son, had thus been removed, openly at times, privately at other times, was complaining with tears flowing, that he had unjustly lost his spouse and son; then by themselves and by their friends they begged the aforesaid Anacletus to obtain from King Roger the return of the son and wife. [1132.4.6] Therefore Anacletus beseeches the king through envoys, that he would give back to the count his wife and son; which he could not obtain; whence that count, inflamed with pain, was pleading for a time of vengeance.

[1132.5.1] Quid multa? Cum predicto principe, et magistro militum Neapolitanorum et aliis amicis alligatus cum duobus milibus equitum et peditum multitudine propalatus exivit; exivit quidem letanti animo et intrepidus, et morti primum succumbere desiderabat, quam exheredatus ab illo aliena peteret et incognitas partes adiret. [1132.5.2] Famam vero Barensis civitatis, et Grimoaldi principis et Tancridi, quos olim dilexerat, ante oculos ferens, et qualiter eos malis afflixerat, mori gladio orabat, et ense deficere, quam tali tantaque regis potestate colla ligare.

[1132.5.1] Why say more? Bound in alliance with the aforesaid prince, and with the master of soldiers of the Neapolitans and other friends, with two thousand horsemen and a multitude of foot-soldiers, he came forth openly; he went out indeed with a rejoicing spirit and intrepid, and he desired rather first to succumb to death than, disinherited by him, to seek what was alien and to approach unknown parts. [1132.5.2] Bearing before his eyes the fame of the city of Bari, and of Prince Grimoald and of Tancred, whom once he had loved, and how he had afflicted them with evils, he begged to die by the sword and to fail by the blade, rather than to bind his neck to such and so great a royal power.

[1132.5.3] Nec mora, princeps ille et comes, ut fati sumus, cum duobus milibus equitum et peditum armatorum magnitudine innumera pugnaturus et defensurus a regis proposito, in planitiem Montis Sarcli castrametati sunt; celorum quidem regem suppliciter precantur, ut celesti accincti auxilio minas regis et timorem evadere possint. [1132.5.4] Cotidie comes ille suos lacrimando oratur et monet, quatenus solius Dei fiduciam habentes timorem abiciant et terrorem deponant: [1132.5.5] "Gloriosius quidem toto mundo narrabitur nos, in iustitia confidentes et propria tuentes, mori primum in ore gladii, quam alienas manus nobis viventibus nostra invadere et de civibus delicatis peregrinos efficere!". [1132.5.6] Vox itaque omnium una efficitur, et ad illorum petitiones vertuntur; sicque die noctuque invigilantes celestem victoriam invocabant.

[1132.5.3] No delay: that prince and the count, as we have said, with two thousand horsemen and with an innumerable magnitude of armed footmen, about to fight and to defend against the king’s purpose, encamped on the plain of Mount Sarclum; they suppliantly beseech the king of the heavens, that, girded with celestial aid, they may be able to escape the king’s menaces and fear. [1132.5.4] Daily that count, with tears, entreats and admonishes his men, to the end that, having confidence in God alone, they cast off fear and lay down terror: [1132.5.5] “It will indeed be told more gloriously through the whole world that we, confiding in justice and defending what is our own, die first at the edge of the sword, rather than that, while we live, foreign hands invade what is ours and make from pampered citizens foreigners!” [1132.5.6] Thus the voice of all is made one, and all are turned to their petitions; and so, keeping watch day and night, they invoked celestial victory.

[1132.6.1] Cumque, ut supra diximus, rex Rogerius civitatem Barensem suae subiugasset potestati, et Tancridum de Conversano a totius Apuliae finibus expulisset, exercitu viriliter acriusque congregato, circa Beneventanos fines advenit; continuo in planitiem pontis Sancti Valentini, civitati proximam, rex ipse tertio decimo die mensis Iulii intrante castrametatus est. [1132.6.2] Deinde, consilio accepto, legatos Roberto principi Capuano et comiti Rainulpho mandavit, ut iustitiam sibi ex multis variisque querimoniis consequatur. [1132.6.3] Princeps autem, nuntiis auditis, in conspectu omnium suorum taliter respondit: [1132.6.4] "Sciat re vera rex vester, quem dicitis, quoniam nullo modo ei iustitiam faciemus, donec comiti Rainulpho uxorem et filium restaurabit; super etiam civitatem Abellinum et castrum, quod sibi abstulit, in eius potestate largietur". [1132.6.5] Et legatis illis revertentibus, princeps ille universos suos milites tria milia fere numero et quadraginta milia peditum armatorum, quos rogaverat, congregari mandavit, quatenus ad tale tantumque negotium viribus totis parati invigilarent, et taliter, oratione incepta, discreta et diligenti cura alloquitur: [1132.6.6] "Certissimum, domini et fratres, agnovimus vos pro libertate vestra augenda domos, uxores, filiosque vestros et universa bona dimisisse, et armis solummodo vestris acceptis, solam Dei salvatoris misericordiam invocantes in medium convenisse.

[1132.6.1] And when, as we said above, King Roger had subjugated the city of Bari to his power, and had expelled Tancred of Conversano from all the borders of Apulia, with the army gathered bravely and more keenly, he came around the borders of Benevento; immediately, on the plain of the bridge of Saint Valentine, near the city, the king himself encamped as the thirteenth day of the month of July was beginning. [1132.6.2] Then, counsel having been taken, he sent legates to Robert, Prince of Capua, and to Count Rainulf, that he might obtain justice for himself from the many and various complaints. [1132.6.3] But the prince, the messengers having been heard, in the sight of all his men thus replied: [1132.6.4] "Let your king, whom you name, know truly that we will in no way do justice to him, until he restores to Count Rainulf his wife and son; moreover, he shall grant the city Abellinum and the castle, which he took away from him, into his power." [1132.6.5] And as those legates were returning, that prince commanded that all his own soldiers, nearly three thousand in number, and forty thousand armed footmen, whom he had requested, be gathered, to the end that for such and so great an undertaking they might keep watch ready with all their forces; and thus, an oration having been begun, he addresses them with discrete and diligent care: [1132.6.6] "Most certain, lords and brothers, we have recognized that you, for the sake of augmenting your liberty, have left your homes, your wives and your sons, and all your goods, and, with only your arms taken up, invoking only the mercy of God the Savior, have come together into the midst."

[1132.6.7] Audistis etenim, et veritate perfecta accepimus, qualiter erga civitatem Barensem gesserit, et quomodo talem tantumque Grimoaldum principem ab honoris gloria turpiter afflictum exulaverit catenatum! [1132.6.8] Tancridum vero et eius probitatem quid memorem? [1132.6.9] Vos ipsi audistis, qualiter ei civitates omnes et oppida, dolo invento, eripuit et transmarinas partes eum destinavit; Giffredum quoque comitem ad qualem afflictionem civitatum suarum perduxerit, credimus vestram non latere probitatem!

[1132.6.7] You have heard indeed, and we have received in perfect truth, how he has conducted himself toward the city of Bari, and how he banished in chains such and so great a Prince Grimoald, shamefully afflicted, from the glory of honor! [1132.6.8] But Tancred and his probity—what need I recount? [1132.6.9] You yourselves have heard how, by fraud contrived, he snatched away from him all the cities and towns and consigned him to transmarine parts; and to what affliction of his cities he has brought Count Giffred, we believe it does not lie hidden from your probity!

[1132.6.10] Omnes namque potentes viros et illorum divitias gutture aperto desiderat, et ne ei resistant, terratenus sternit et in pulverem gloriam illorum sine aliqua manu pietatis inducit. [1132.6.11] Heu nefas, et morte dignissimum, sic omnium nostrum gloriam sitibundo pectore velle consumere, et gladio evaginato, sine misericordiae fonte nos omnes ad mortis periculum destinare! [1132.6.12] Succurrite itaque, viri fortissimi, et vobis, inquam, ipsis subvenite, et dum tempus auxilii et consilii nobis superest, a tanti viri faucibus et potestate effrenata liberari valeamus!

[1132.6.10] For he desires with gaping maw all powerful men and their riches, and, lest they resist him, he levels them to the earth and brings their glory into dust without any hand of mercy. [1132.6.11] Alas, a nefarious deed, and most worthy of death, thus with a thirsting breast to wish to consume the glory of us all, and, with sword unsheathed, without a fount of mercy to consign us all to the peril of death! [1132.6.12] Succor, therefore, most valiant men, and, I say, bring help to yourselves; and while a time of aid and counsel remains to us, let us be able to be freed from the jaws of so great a man and from his unbridled power!

[1132.6.13] Sola namque salvatoris Dei fiducia in omni nostra manet dispositione et in vestris armis, quae accepistis, omniumque bonorum amissione vestrorum consolatio vestra inflammetur; consolandum quippe est, et in victoria habeatur, nos pro augenda libertate sanguinem fundere et in alienas manus nullo modo pervenire. [1132.6.14] Timorem itaque mortis abiciamus huiusmodi, et iustitiam defendentes unanimiter moriamur, ut toto orbe terrarum fama nostrae virtutis inveniatur! [1132.6.15] Rex celorum Dominus, fratres, iustitiam nostram inspiciet, et qui Machabeorum orationes clamantium exaudivit, nostras dignetur accipere afflictiones.

[1132.6.13] For the confidence of the Savior God alone remains in all our disposition and in your arms which you have received, and at the loss of all your goods, let your consolation be inflamed; for it is indeed to be consoled, and held as victory, that we pour out blood for the augmenting of liberty and by no means come into alien hands. [1132.6.14] Therefore let us cast away the fear of such a death, and, defending justice, let us die with one mind, so that throughout the whole orb of the lands the fame of our virtue may be found! [1132.6.15] The King of the heavens, the Lord, brothers, will look upon our justice, and He who heard the prayers of the Maccabees crying out, may deign to receive our afflictions.

[1132.6.16] Quid enim prodest, dilectissimi, turpiter in mundo isto manere et afflictionibus subiacere, cum post multas miserias et pericula, quae nobis succedunt, mors ex improviso orribilis accidit et calamitatibus nostris divitiisque finem terminumque imponit? [1132.6.17] Gloriosius igitur erit pro iustitia, quam speramus, deficere, quam gentis nostrae mala videre et periculose exulati diem claudere extremum! [1132.6.18] Notum preterea vestrae significamus fraternitati, ut pro securitate nobis adinvicem data obsides filiorum nostrorum et consanguineorum ponamus; ponendum quippe est et letanti animo faciendum, ut unusquisque nostrum securus, et timore deposito, alter alteri fidem attribuat, et vigoris alacritatem". [1132.6.19] Haec et his similia principe illo orante, unusquisque militum et peditum, divina istigante clementia, petitionibus principis consentaneam dedere concordiam; et sic sigillatim filios suos unusquisque baronum in principis potestate obsidis loco largitus est.

[1132.6.16] For what, dearest ones, does it profit to remain shamefully in this world and to lie under afflictions, when after many miseries and perils that befall us, a horrible death unexpectedly happens and places an end and terminus to our calamities and riches? [1132.6.17] More glorious, therefore, will it be to fail for the justice which we hope for, than to see the evils of our nation and to close our last day in perilous exile! [1132.6.18] Moreover, we make it known to your fraternity, that, for security given mutually to us, we should set hostages of our sons and kinsmen; it must indeed be set and done with a rejoicing mind, so that each of us, secure and fear laid aside, may attribute to one another faith, and an alacrity of vigor". [1132.6.19] These things and the like, as that prince was beseeching, each of the soldiers and the infantry, divine clemency instigating, gave concord consonant with the petitions of the prince; and so, individually, each of the barons bestowed his sons into the prince’s power in the place of a hostage.

[1132.7.1] Legati itaque regis a principe reversi e vestigio cuncta eis iniuncta narraverunt; quibus auditis rex, consilio iterato accepto, nuntios alios eidem principi legavit, ita continentes: [1132.7.2] "Miramur valde super his, quae princeps nobis destinavit; precipue cum eius suasionibus et legatis ego in partibus istis modo advenerim, pollicens se nobis iustitiam de querimoniis nostris facturum. [1132.7.3] Prestolamur itaque eius promissiones, et die constituto in crastinum monemus illum ad iustitiam nobis sequendam; deinde, vita comite, quid super his opus sit faciendum, tractabimus". [1132.7.4] Princeps vero eadem regi remisit, quae et primum mandaverat. [1132.7.5] Rex autem Rogerius dicta principis et comitis audiens dolore multo accensus et quia, quod mente conceperat, aliter fieri cognoscens, satis satisque turbatus est.

[1132.7.1] The king’s legates, therefore, returned from the prince and straightway narrated to him all the things enjoined upon them; which things having been heard, the king, counsel received anew, sent other messengers to the same prince, containing thus: [1132.7.2] "We greatly marvel at the things which the prince has sent to us; especially since, by his persuasions and legates, I have just now come into these parts, he promising that he would do justice concerning our querimonies. [1132.7.3] We therefore await his promises, and, on a day appointed for the morrow, we admonish him to pursue justice for us; then, life as companion, we will treat what needs to be done about these matters." [1132.7.4] The prince in truth sent back to the king the same things which he had at first commanded. [1132.7.5] But King Roger, hearing the words of the prince and of the count, inflamed with much grief, and perceiving that what he had conceived in mind was coming to pass otherwise, was quite and quite disturbed.

[1132.7.6] Continuo Crescentium cardinalem, Beneventanum rectorem, et Landulphum Beneventanum archiepiscopum vocari mandavit, quatenus cum quibusdam sapientibus civibus Beneventanis ad regem ipsum festinarent: et nuntio accepto, assumptis secum Beneventanis iudicibus et triginta aliis probis viris, ad regem festinaverunt. [1132.7.7] Rex itaque diligenter eos et honeste accepit, deinde cunctis longe lateque confabulatus est, ut eius amore et Anacleti fidelitate secum alligati et sacramentis confederati guerram adversus principem Capuanum et comitem Rainulphum facerent: promittebat ideo pacem civitati Beneventanae daturum, et Beneventanorum hereditates a Normandorum servitute et tributis liberare. [1132.7.8] Quid multa?

[1132.7.6] Immediately he ordered that Cardinal Crescentius, rector of Benevento, and Landulf, archbishop of Benevento, be summoned, to the end that with certain wise citizens of Benevento they might hasten to the king himself: and the message having been received, taking with them the Beneventan judges and thirty other proven men, they hastened to the king. [1132.7.7] The king therefore received them diligently and honorably, then conversed with all at length and broadly, that, bound to him by love and to Anacletus by fidelity and, confederated by oaths, they might make war against the Prince of Capua and Count Rainulf: he promised therefore to give peace to the city of Benevento, and to free the Beneventans’ inheritances from the servitude and tributes of the Normans. [1132.7.8] Why say more?

Cardinalis exaudiens simul cum archiepiscopo et civibus Benevantanis reversi sunt; nec mora, Beneventanorum non modicam partem congregari precepit, quatenus super his, quae a rege acceperant, consiliarentur. [1132.7.9] Pars autem populi precepto cardinalis favens curiam Sacri palatii ascendit; deinde ordinem rei exponens, et quid civitati pollicetur nominatus rex e vestigio aperiens, consilium ab eis perscrutatus est; exposuit etiam, quoniam sine sacramentorum firmatione negotium istud agere noluisset. [1132.7.10] Quid longius moror?

The cardinal, having heard, returned together with the archbishop and the citizens of Benevento; without delay, he ordered no small part of the Beneventans to be assembled, so that they might take counsel concerning those things which they had received from the king. [1132.7.9] A part of the people, favoring the cardinal’s precept, ascended to the court of the Sacred Palace; then, setting forth the order of the matter, and immediately laying open what the designated king promises to the city, he sought counsel from them; he also explained that he would not have wished to conduct this business without the confirmation of oaths. [1132.7.10] Why do I delay longer?

Petitio regis audita cursu rapido quibusdam complacuit Beneventanorum; continuo in ipso Sacro palatio cives illi, qui convenerant, iudices primum Ioannes, Persicus, Dauferius, Benedictus, Roffridus iuraverunt, non esse in facto, consilio vel consensu, ut rex ille vitam vel corporis membra perdat aut capiatur, et vivam et continuam guerram principi nominato et comiti faciant, et alia quae in capitulari facto legebantur, salva tamen fidelitate Petri Apostoli. [1132.7.11] Quibus ita peractis, cardinalis de palatio descendit et per civitatem, quot inveniri studuit, sacramento eodem alligavit. [1132.7.12] Cumque taliter a Beneventanis iuratum esset, fama terribilis civitatem Beneventanam perculsit, et linguis solutis vociferabantur alii, quibus sacramentum illud displicebat, quod cardinalis Crescentius simul cum archiepiscopo Landulpho, et iudicibus nominatis et Beneventanis quibusdam civitatem Beneventanam regi Rogerio dare voluisset, et in eius potestate largiri; firmabant quoque uncias auri a rege innumeras accepisse.

The petition of the king, once heard, pleased with rapid speed certain of the Beneventans; immediately, in the Sacred palace itself, those citizens who had gathered—first the judges John, Persicus, Dauferius, Benedict, Roffrid—swore that they would not be, in deed, counsel, or consent, that that king should lose his life or the members of his body or be captured, and that they would make a living and continual war against the named prince and the count, and the other things which were read in the capitulary that had been drawn up, saving, however, fealty to Peter the Apostle. [1132.7.11] With these things thus accomplished, the cardinal descended from the palace and throughout the city bound by the same oath as many as he strove to find. [1132.7.12] And when it had been thus sworn by the Beneventans, a terrible report struck the city of Beneventum, and with tongues loosed others, to whom that oath displeased, cried aloud that Cardinal Crescentius together with Archbishop Landulf, and the named judges and certain Beneventans, had wished to give the city of Beneventum to King Roger and to bestow it into his power; they also affirmed that they had received countless ounces of gold from the king.

[1132.7.13] Factum est autem, cum taliter fama huiusmodi per civitatem ventilaretur, en subito, armis acceptis, maxima civitatis turba in plateas exivit, et furore arrepto, super cardinalem Crescentium insurgens in fugam illum perduxit. [1132.7.14] Cardinalis autem timore coactus fugiendo deseruit et ad regem festinanter acceleravit; nuntiavit itaque omnia, quae Beneventi acciderant, et qualiter in eum, lapidibus armisque acceptis, insurrexisset turba civitatis. [1132.7.15] Landulphus autem archiepiscopus sic cardinalem fugientem aspiciens palatium episcopii ascendit et ibi timore coactus morabatur.

[1132.7.13] Now it came to pass that, when a rumor of this sort was being aired through the city, lo, suddenly, weapons having been taken up, a very great crowd of the city went out into the streets, and, seized with fury, rising up against Cardinal Crescentius, drove him into flight. [1132.7.14] The cardinal, however, compelled by fear, took to flight and hastened swiftly to the king; he announced, therefore, all that had happened at Benevento, and how the crowd of the city, stones and weapons having been taken up, had risen up against him. [1132.7.15] Landulphus, however, the archbishop, seeing the cardinal thus fleeing, ascended to the palace of the bishopric and there, compelled by fear, remained.

[1132.7.16] Quibus ita peractis, populus in unum catervatus, armis eductis, palam vociferabantur, quod sacramenta regi Rogerio noviter facta non observentur: [1132.7.17] "Nolumus quidem sic regi alligari, et sacramentis astricti in expeditionibus suis cum Siculis et Calabridibus Apulisque sole ardenti et sudore fatigati anelare. [1132.7.18] In deliciis quidem positi et periculis exercitalibus nunquam assueti, cum tali tantoque rege consortia minime habeamus". [1132.7.19] His ita premissis, memoratus princeps et comes Rainulphus, nuntiis acceptis, Beneventanis miserunt pacis verba et securitatis dilectionem: [1132.7.20] "Notum sit vobis, quoniam princeps et comes, et Rao de Fraineta et Ugo Infans, sacramentis intervenientibus, dimittet in perpetuum Beneventanis omnes fidantias et tributa, quae nobis solvere solebatis, dum tamen regi Rogerio neque nobis auxiliamen tribuatis. [1132.7.21] Re vera vestrum auxilium tempore isto accipere nolumus, civitati providentes, ne tali occasione civitas Beneventana contrarietatem incurrat; volumus tamen securi transire, et timore deposito, securiores manere". [1132.7.22] Quid multa?

[1132.7.16] With these things thus accomplished, the people, gathered into one band, with arms drawn, were openly shouting that the oaths newly made to King Roger should not be observed: [1132.7.17] "We do not at all wish to be bound to the king in this way, and, constrained by oaths, to pant in his expeditions with Sicilians and Calabrians and Apulians, wearied by the burning sun and by sweat. [1132.7.18] Placed indeed in delights and never accustomed to the dangers of campaigning, we will by no means have fellowship with such and so great a king." [1132.7.19] With these things thus premised, the aforesaid prince and Count Rainulf, having received the messengers, sent to the Beneventans words of peace and the assurance of security: [1132.7.20] "Let it be known to you that the prince and the count, and Rao of Fraineta and Hugh the Infant, with oaths interceding, will remit in perpetuity to the Beneventans all sureties and tributes which you were accustomed to pay to us, provided, however, that you render aid neither to King Roger nor to us. [1132.7.21] In truth we are unwilling to receive your help at this time, providing for the city, lest on such an occasion the city of Benevento incur hostility; nevertheless we wish to pass through securely, and, fear laid aside, to remain more secure." [1132.7.22] In short?

Licet cardinali Crescentio Beneventano rectori pactum illud displicuisset, tamen Beneventanis animo libenti satis satisque complacuit. [1132.7.23] Princeps itaque et comes Rainulphus, militibus accitis, ad pontem Maiorem venerunt et coram Landulpho Beneventano antistite et turba multa Beneventanorum, sicut in superiori tractavimus, simul et Rao de Fraineta et Ugo Infans iuraverunt. [1132.7.24] Iuraverunt quoque Beato Petro fidelitatem et in scripto sigillato ordinem convenientiae et sacramentorum firmitatem annotari iusserunt; per omnes civitatis portas scriptum signatum de convenientia illa ad posteritatis memoriam diligenti cura positum est.

Although to Cardinal Crescentius, the Beneventan rector, that pact had displeased, nevertheless to the Beneventans, with willing mind, it was quite—indeed more than—pleasing. [1132.7.23] Therefore the prince and Count Rainulf, soldiers having been summoned, came to the Great Bridge and, before Landulph, the Beneventan prelate, and a great throng of Beneventans, as we treated above, together with Rao de Fraineta and Ugo Infans, they swore. [1132.7.24] They also swore fidelity to Blessed Peter and ordered that, in a sealed writing, the order of the convention and the firmness of the oaths be recorded; at all the gates of the city a signed writing concerning that convention, for the memory of posterity, was set up with diligent care.

[1132.8.1] Cumque talium sacramentorum et convenientiae cum principe firmiter factae Rogerii regis aures fama tetigisset, ultra quam credi potest admirans obstupuit et dolore cordis perculsus aiebat, quomodo civitas Beneventana, cuius auxilium habere putabat, erga principis et comitis Rainulphi dilectionem adhesisset. [1132.8.2] Re vera, sicut a multis comperimus, non alia de causa regem illum circa Beneventanos fines venisse, nisi ut Beneventanorum auxilio et virtute principem invaderet et eum in fugam duceret desolatum. [1132.8.3] Unde a mentis proposito decidens cogitationibus variis frangebatur assidue et, quod mente conceperat, ad effectum non posse producere oculata fide cernebat: [1132.8.4] "Quid igitur, ab exteris Siculisque partibus huc adveni, cum in his, quae excogitaverim, fortuna volatili animo defeci?".

[1132.8.1] And when the fame of such sacraments (oaths) and of the convenientia (agreement) made firmly with the prince had touched King Roger’s ears, amazed beyond what can be believed he was stunned, and, smitten with pain of heart, he kept saying how the Beneventan city, whose help he thought to have, had adhered to the affection of the prince and of Count Rainulf. [1132.8.2] In truth, as we have learned from many, he came into the Beneventan borders for no other cause than that, by the help and virtue of the Beneventans, he might invade the prince and drive him, desolate, into flight. [1132.8.3] Whence, falling from his mental purpose, he was continually broken by various cogitations, and he perceived with ocular faith that what he had conceived in mind he could not bring to effect: [1132.8.4] "What then? From foreign and Sicilian parts have I come hither, when, in these things which I have devised, with Fortune of a volatile spirit, I have failed?"

[1132.9.1] Et tali fractus angustia exercitum suum in partes divisit et quasi ad bellandum ducturus acies diversas exercitus et manus armatorum instruxit. [1132.9.2] Ipse vero rex, ut erat providi animi et cordis meticulosi, et ne ab inimicorum cognosceretur instantia, quasi bellandi et resistendi adinvenit severitatem. [1132.9.3] Nocte etenim insecuta cubiculariis suis et sapientioribus consilii eius patefecit excessum, et qualiter inde amovere desiderat, significavit.

[1132.9.1] And broken by such anguish he divided his army into parts, and as if about to lead to do battle he arrayed the diverse battle-lines of the army and the bands of men-at-arms. [1132.9.2] But the king himself, as he was of a provident mind and a timorous heart, and lest the urgency of the enemies be recognized, contrived a severity as though for fighting and resisting. [1132.9.3] For, on the night that followed, to his chamberlains and to the wiser men of his counsel he laid open the withdrawal, and signified how he desires to remove from there.

[1132.9.4] Continuo clamari voce preconis iussit ut, vexillo eius viso, universus exercitus, qua parte duceretur, consequatur. [1132.9.5] Preconis itaque voce audita, timorem regis sentientes, prout poterant, parantur ad proficiscendum; nec mora, cohortibus militaribus et peditum turmis divisis, fugiendo potius quam resistendo castra inde amovere. [1132.9.6] Deum quidem testor eternum, qui cordium occulta cognoscit, remotio illa regis in fugam nocturnam timoremque ascribi poterit, et memorari; et regem illum, cuius potentia celum hactenus verberabat, nocturnis umbris insilire perdevia et cursu celeri festinare.

[1132.9.4] Immediately he ordered it to be cried by the voice of a herald that, when his banner was seen, the whole army should follow in whatever direction it was led. [1132.9.5] Therefore, when the herald’s voice was heard, sensing the king’s fear, they prepared, as best they could, to set out; and without delay, with the military cohorts and the bands of foot-soldiers divided, to move the camp from there by fleeing rather than resisting. [1132.9.6] I indeed call as witness the eternal God, who knows the hidden things of hearts, that withdrawal of the king can be ascribed to—and remembered as—a nocturnal flight and fear; and that that king, whose power until now was beating the sky, leapt into pathless places under the night-shadows and hastened with swift course.

[1132.9.7] Mane autem facto, circa Salernitanos fines applicuit ibique fatigatus, et aliquantisper deposito cordis timore, circa fluenta montis Atrupaldi quievit. [1132.9.8] Octo vero dies in planitiem pontis Sancti Valentini rex ille moratus est, et illo taliter ibi morante, multa frumentorum confusio et ruina mobilium a suis peracta est.

[1132.9.7] But when morning had come, he reached the Salernitan borders, and there, fatigued, and for a little while with the fear of his heart laid aside, he rested around the streams of Mount Atrupaldus. [1132.9.8] For eight days indeed that king tarried on the plain of the bridge of Saint Valentine, and with him thus lingering there, much confusion of grain and ruin of movables was carried out by his own men.

[1132.10.1] Cumque taliter rex locum illum fugiendo dimisisset, ad exercitum principis auditum est; confestim Rao de Fraineta, caterva militum accita, post eum viriliter et animose insequitur; insequitur eum dentibus frendens et ultionem de eo sitibundo pectore anelabat. [1132.10.2] Novissime quosdam Sarracenorum regis, qui eum sequebantur, Rao ipse agreditur, et eos capiens captivos secum perduxit; uni vero eorum caput abscidi precepit, quod nomine gloriae ad principem delegavit; princeps autem caput illud Capuam, ut fama laudis eius attolleretur, mandavit. [1132.10.3] Rex autem Sarracenorum suorum stragem et captivitatem audiens satis abundeque condoluit; minabatur insuper dolore commotus ut, tempore ultionis accepto, vicem rederet pro acceptis.

[1132.10.1] And when the king had thus abandoned that place by fleeing, it was heard by the army of the prince; at once Rao de Fraineta, a band of soldiers having been summoned, pursues after him manfully and spiritedly; he pursues him, gnashing his teeth, and with a thirsting breast was panting for vengeance against him. [1132.10.2] Finally Rao himself attacks certain of the king’s Saracens who were following him, and taking them he led them with him as captives; but he ordered the head of one of them to be cut off, which, in the name of glory, he dispatched to the prince; moreover the prince sent that head to Capua, that the report of his praise might be lifted up. [1132.10.3] But the king, hearing of the slaughter and captivity of his Saracens, lamented sufficiently and abundantly; he moreover threatened, stirred by grief, that, when the time for vengeance was taken, he would render like-for-like in return for the things received.

[1132.10.4] Inde castra amovens ad castrum Nucerium valde munitum, quod prefati Roberti principis erat, exercitu congregato, festinavit; continuo, tubis sonantibus et tentoriis paratis, castellum illud Nucerium prope muros et turres obsedit. [1132.10.5] Et eo acriter circumquaque vallato, rex ipse Rogerius precepit pontem ligneum frangi, qui super flumen Sarnum positus antiquitus erat, ubi Scafati cognominatur, et fractum illum omnino de loco illo tolli et amoveri: dubitabat re vera, ne princeps et comes Rainulphus hostium multimoda manu, audita obsidionis fama, super eum irruentes sese affligerent. [1132.10.6] Securus itaque rex ipse castellum illud Nucerium obsidebat et ex omni parte expugnatum credebat suae obtinere voluntati.

[1132.10.4] Thence, removing his camp, he hastened to the very strongly fortified stronghold Nucerium, which belonged to the aforesaid Prince Robert, his army having been gathered; immediately, with trumpets sounding and tents prepared, he besieged that castle Nucerium near the walls and towers. [1132.10.5] And when it had been sharply enclosed with a palisade on every side, King Roger himself ordered the wooden bridge to be broken which of old had been set over the river Sarno, where it is surnamed Scafati, and that, once broken, it be altogether taken up and removed from that place: in truth he feared lest the prince and Count Rainulf, with a manifold band of enemies, upon hearing the report of the siege, rushing upon him should crush him. [1132.10.6] Secure, therefore, the king himself was besieging that castle Nucerium and believed that, assailed from every side, he would bring it to the obtaining of his will.

[1132.10.7] Princeps igitur Robertus et comes Nucerium taliter obsessum sentientes, mente confusi mirabiliter dolent et suos omnes convocantes cursu rapido ad liberandum concurrunt Nucerium, quod obsessum audierant; festinant cito citissime victorem Dominum invocantes, et gladio mori desiderant, primum quam a tanto capiantur invasore. [1132.10.8] Et eis sic sitienter currentibus, ad prefati fluminis Sarni oram castrametati sunt; continuo legatos explorandi destinant inquirentes, utrum obsidio castelli, sicut audierant, vera haberetur; et veritate inventa, tractare inter se ceperunt, quomodo obsidionem castri illius virili animo liberarent. [1132.10.9] Novissime, invento consilio, pontem ordinari et firmari fecerunt super predictum fluvium Sarnum ut, vigore accepto, contra regis acies ad liberandam obsidionem expediti accelerarent.

[1132.10.7] Therefore Prince Robert and the Count, perceiving Nucerium to be besieged in such a manner, confounded in mind they marvelously grieve, and summoning all their men, they run with rapid course to liberate Nucerium, which they had heard was besieged; they hasten most swiftly, invoking the victorious Lord, and they desire to die by the sword rather than to be taken by so great an invader. [1132.10.8] And as they were thus thirstily running, they encamped on the bank of the aforesaid river Sarnus; at once they dispatch legates for exploring, inquiring whether the siege of the castle, as they had heard, were held true; and the truth having been found, they began to discuss among themselves how, with a manly spirit, they might free the siege of that castle. [1132.10.9] Finally, a plan having been found, they caused a bridge to be arranged and made firm over the aforesaid river Sarnus so that, vigor having been taken, they, expedited, might accelerate against the king’s battle-lines to free the siege.

[1132.10.10] Deinde, ponte illo superposito, princeps ille et Comes milites cunctos armatos et peditum suorum copiosam multitudinem transire die dominico, qui aderat, mandavit: quinto videlicet die postquam castrum illud obsessum fuerat. [1132.10.11] Et eis trans flumen euntibus, nec mora, princeps ipse salutifero usus consilio milites suos mille rogatos in duas divisit cohortes; at comes Rainulphus, ut erat sapientis animi, et ad quem doloris magnitudo et uxoris amissae dulcedo spectabat, similiter equites suos mille numero et quingentos in quinque divisit catervas; ducentos vero et quinquginta milites ad defendendum Nucerium transmiserant, qui viriliter contra regem expugnabant. [1132.10.12] Cumque, ut dictum est, ad preliandum taliter princeps et comes parati instarent, subito ad regis aures fama eorum pervenit.

[1132.10.10] Then, that bridge having been set in place, that prince and the Count ordered all the armed soldiers and a copious multitude of their footmen to cross on the Lord’s Day, which was at hand: namely on the fifth day after that castle had been besieged. [1132.10.11] And as they were going across the river, without delay, the prince himself, using a health-bringing counsel, divided a thousand of his mustered soldiers into two cohorts; but Count Rainulph, as he was of a wise mind, and on whom both the greatness of grief and the sweetness of his lost wife were bearing, likewise divided his knights, one thousand and five hundred in number, into five troops; and two hundred and fifty soldiers they had sent across to defend Nucerium, who were manfully assaulting against the king. [1132.10.12] And when, as has been said, the prince and the count stood thus prepared for battle, suddenly the report of them came to the king’s ears.

[1132.10.13] Quid multa? Preconis voce pulsatur, quatenus omnis exercitus ad prelium armaretur; confestim, armis acceptis, armati coram rege apparuere. [1132.10.14] Illico rex ipse, ut audivimus, octo acies militum suorum et peditum pugnaturus divisit; quibus ita divisis, adinvicem applicuerunt.

[1132.10.13] In short? By the herald’s voice it is proclaimed that the whole army should be armed for battle; immediately, arms having been taken up, the armed men appeared before the king. [1132.10.14] Forthwith the king himself, as we have heard, divided his knights and infantry into eight battle-lines to fight; these being thus divided, they drew up against one another.

[1132.10.15] Quantas lacrimas ab utraque parte armatorum, lector, si adesses, aspiceres, victorem Deum invocantes, ut iustitiam ex alto inspiciat et sanguinem innocentem liberaret! [1132.10.16] En subito prima regis acies contra principis cohortem insilivit, qui iuxta eorum potentiam defendendo pugnaverunt, et sic adinvicem aliquantulum dimicatum est. [1132.10.17] Quibus ita preliantibus, timor terribilis pedites principis et comitis ex improviso invadit, et usque ad flumen nominatum terga vertentes fugierunt; multi vero per pontem transeuntes evasere; alii namque mille, sicut nobis nuntiatum est, pontem illum desiderantes in aquam fluvii ingrediuntur, evadere cogitantes: animas suas in gurgite illo amiserunt, armis eorum bibulis aquis immersis.

[1132.10.15] What tears, from each side of the armed men, reader, if you had been present, you would have seen, invoking the Victorious God, that He might look upon justice from on high and deliver innocent blood! [1132.10.16] Lo, suddenly the king’s first battle-line leaped upon the prince’s cohort, who fought in defense according to their power, and thus for a little they contended one with the other. [1132.10.17] While they were fighting thus, a terrible fear unexpectedly seizes the prince’s and the count’s foot-soldiers, and, turning their backs, they fled as far as the named river; many indeed, crossing the bridge, escaped; but another thousand, as it was announced to us, desiring that bridge, enter the water of the river, thinking to escape: they lost their lives in that whirlpool, their arms immersed in the bibulous waters.

[1132.10.18] Qualis igitur stridor luctusque morientium accidit, quem si ex toto scribere voluissem, prius me tempus deserit, quam copia recitandi! Sed redeamus ad causam. [1132.10.19] Secunda itaque principis manus stragem tantam militum peditumque persentiens, viribus animisque acceptis, ad principis intravit auxilium; regis quoque acies ad regis iuvamen ex adverso positae incurrerunt; sicque, spatio interposito, acriter duriterque decertaverunt.

[1132.10.18] What a clangor and lamentation of the dying occurred—if I had wished to write it all, time would desert me sooner than the abundance for recitation! But let us return to the matter. [1132.10.19] Therefore the prince’s second band, perceiving so great a carnage of the soldiers and footmen, having taken strength and spirit, entered to the prince’s aid; likewise the king’s battle-lines, set over-against, ran in to the king’s succor; and thus, with a space interposed, they fought it out sharply and harshly.

[1132.10.20] Re vera, sicut ex ore narrantium qui interfuerunt, audivimus, sic instanti animo pars regis preliabatur, quod principis acies, fuga iam inchoata, deficiebat ab armis. [1132.10.21] Sed, divina providentia gubernante, in cuius dispositione non fallitur, iustitiae partem, sicut nostrae fragilitati apparuit, ex alto prospexit. [1132.10.22] Comes autem Rainulphus, qui ex adverso positus erat, eventum pugnae iam fallentis aspiciens, equis concitatis, quingentorum militum caterva stipatus regem animose invadit: vigorem illico et constantiam principi pugnanti attribuit, et clamoribus ad astra levatis, expugnabant; deinde secunda comitis acies accurrit, et regem atrociter pugnantem aliquantisper impulsit.

[1132.10.20] In truth, as we heard from the mouths of narrators who were present, so with an urgent spirit the king’s side was fighting, because the prince’s battle-line, flight now begun, was failing in arms. [1132.10.21] But, with divine Providence steering, in whose disposition there is no failing, He looked down from on high upon the party of justice, as it appeared to our frailty. [1132.10.22] Moreover Count Rainulf, who had been posted opposite, seeing the outcome of the battle now deceiving, with the horses spurred on, surrounded by a cohort of five hundred soldiers, spiritedly assails the king: he straightway imparted vigor and constancy to the fighting prince, and, with shouts raised to the stars, they pressed the assault; then the count’s second battle-line ran up, and for a little while drove back the king, fighting fiercely.

[1132.10.23] Quid longius morer? Tertia eiusdem comitis manus ardenti animo agitata fatigatos suos agnoscens, ex adverso exiens, sicut leonis triduana fames dentibus exasperata, pervolat et in medio preliantium intravit et sic, Domino auxiliante, in fugam et stragem rex ille conversus est. [1132.10.24] En clamor populi pugnantis ad sidera tollitur, regem fugientem significans suosque adhortans, ut sequantur quatenus, victoria celitus concessa, de tali tantoque viro ulciscatur.

[1132.10.23] Why should I delay longer? The third force of that same count, driven with an ardent spirit, recognizing his own men fatigued, coming out from the opposite side, like a lion’s three‑days’ hunger exasperated in its teeth, flies through and entered into the midst of the combatants, and thus, the Lord aiding, that king was turned to flight and slaughter. [1132.10.24] Lo, the clamor of the fighting people is lifted to the stars, signaling the fleeing king and exhorting their own to follow, so that, victory granted from heaven, they may take vengeance upon such and so great a man.

[1132.10.25] Rex autem volens militibus suis animositatem constantiamque reparare, ne tali infortunio campum dimittant, cepit, hasta accepta, obsistere, et suis fugientibus nomen suum manifestare: nihil etenim manifestatio nominis profuit nihilque fugientibus auxilii accidit, cum iam talis tantaque victoria ab excelso Salvatoris solio principi et comiti orta est. [1132.10.26] Rex igitur sic suos, ultra quam credi potest, fugientes aspiciens, hastam proicit: de sola fuga et vita custodienda cogitabat, et equo mirabili, quem supersedebat, concitato, ut auditum est, quatuor secum militibus adiunctis, fugiendo et mirabiliter lugendo evasit. [1132.10.27] Sicque tanta ditatus angustia et mentis calamitate circumquaque satiatus Salernitanam civitatem ad solis occasum introivit; cives autem Salernitani sic eum fugientem sentientes, regem illum suscepere.

[1132.10.25] The king, however, wishing to restore spiritedness and constancy to his soldiers, lest they leave the field in such a misfortune, began, the spear having been taken up, to stand against them, and to make his name manifest to his men as they fled: for the manifestation of the name profited nothing and nothing of help befell the fugitives, since already such and so great a victory from the lofty throne of the Savior had arisen for the prince and the count. [1132.10.26] Therefore the king, thus beholding his men fleeing beyond what can be believed, threw his spear: he was thinking only of flight and the guarding of his life, and, his remarkable horse, which he was seated upon, having been spurred, as it was heard, with four soldiers joined to him, by fleeing and wondrously lamenting he escaped. [1132.10.27] And thus, enriched with such anguish and on every side satiated with a calamity of mind, he entered the city of Salerno at sunset; but the Salernitan citizens, perceiving him thus fleeing, received that king.

[1132.10.28] At comes Rainulphus milites armatos accipiens prope civitatem ipsam regem illum fugientem insequitur; revertitur comes intrepidus: audierat enim regem Salernum intravisse. [1132.10.29] Et eo revertente simul cum principe, barones regis viginti numero et septingentos milites preter multos alios, quos nominare silentio dedimus, comprehendit; alios vero in fugam conversos et occisioni positos crudeliter fore audivimus. [1132.10.30] Quid plura?

[1132.10.28] But Count Rainulf, receiving armed soldiers, near the city itself pursues that king in flight; the count returns undaunted: for he had heard that the king had entered Salerno. [1132.10.29] And as he was returning together with the prince, he apprehended twenty of the king’s barons in number and seven hundred soldiers, besides many others, whom we have consigned to silence by not naming; but as for others turned to flight and set for slaughter, we have heard it was done cruelly. [1132.10.30] What more?

Totus regis exercitus militum peditumque in fugam, occisionem, captivitatem perductus est. [1132.10.31] Auri vero copiam, et argenti ineffabilem magnitudinem, et vasorum aureorum abundantiam, et vestimentorum infinitas varietates, et equorum congregationes, et loricarum densitatem cunctorumque mobilium, quae in victoria illa capta sunt, regem regum testamur eternum, si universa et sigillatim describere vellem, prius in scribendo deficerem, quam universa exararem. [1132.10.32] Quid plura?

The entire army of the king, of horse-soldiers and foot-soldiers, was driven into flight, slaughter, and captivity. [1132.10.31] As for the abundance of gold, and the ineffable magnitude of silver, and the abundance of golden vessels, and the infinite varieties of garments, and the congregations of horses, and the density of cuirasses, and of all movables whatsoever were taken in that victory, we bear witness to the eternal King of kings: if I wished to describe all of them both universally and severally, I would sooner fail in writing than write all out. [1132.10.32] Quid plura?

Universa illa mobilium gloriosa magnitudo ad potestatem principis et comitis pervenit; letatur itaque princeps et comes de tali triumpho celitus concesso. [1132.10.33] Quibus omnibus ita peractis, fragor victoriae et regis fugientis calamitas Apuliae partes, et Siciliae et totius Italiae intonuit, et super inauditis occisionibus et regis terroribus valde mirabatur: nemo quidem tempore isto viventium recordari potuerit talem tantamque preliorum stragem infra Christianos accidisse. [1132.10.34] Cum autem victoriae fama Beneventanam civitatem tetigisset, en subito civitatis populus gaudio magno repletus ad episcopium et monasterium Sanctae Sophiae iubilando convenit; ibique gratias Deo et Petro apostolo, lacrimis manantibus, egit.

All that glorious magnitude of movables came into the power of the prince and the count; thus the prince and the count rejoice over such a triumph granted from heaven. [1132.10.33] With all these things thus performed, the crash of the victory and the calamity of the fleeing king thundered through the parts of Apulia, and of Sicily and of all Italy, and they marveled greatly at the unheard-of slaughters and the king’s terrors: indeed no one of those living at that time could have remembered that such and so great a slaughter in battles had happened among Christians. [1132.10.34] But when the fame of the victory had touched the city of Benevento, lo, suddenly the people of the city, filled with great joy, gathered rejoicing to the bishop’s palace and the monastery of Saint Sophia; and there, with tears flowing, it rendered thanks to God and to the apostle Peter.

[1132.10.35] Deinde, cereorum magnorum frequentia et luminarium liquore accepto, cum clericis et presbiteris catervatim ad Beati Bartholomei Apostoli basilicam et monasterium Sanctae Sophiae vigilias et laudes solventes letabantur; letabatur quidem gaudio ineffabili totius civitatis populus, ac si omnis illa victoria a Beneventanis facta fuisset. [1132.10.36] Dies vero, quo bellum illud factum est, in vigiliis beati Iacobi apostoli habebatur, octavo videlicet kalendas Augusti.

[1132.10.35] Then, with a multitude of great candles and the liquid of the luminaria obtained, with clerics and presbyters in crowds they rejoiced, discharging vigils and praises at the Basilica of Blessed Bartholomew the Apostle and the Monastery of Saint Sophia; indeed the populace of the whole city rejoiced with ineffable joy, as if all that victory had been achieved by the Beneventans. [1132.10.36] The day, moreover, on which that battle was fought, fell on the vigils of blessed James the Apostle, namely the 8th day before the Kalends of August.

[1132.11.1] Hoc anno, duodecimo die intrante mensis Augusti obiit Landulphus Beneventanus archiepiscopus.

[1132.11.1] In this year, on the twelfth day, with the month of August beginning, Landulf, archbishop of Benevento, died.

[1132.12.1] His ita gestis, predictus rex Rogerius, consilio communicato, Apuliam descendit et apud civitatem Melfitanam diebus non multis moratus est; continuo quosdam ex baronibus suis vocari mandavit, quos valde precipiendo admonuit, quatenus in eius permanerent fidelitate et dilectione. [1132.12.2] Mandavit etiam, ut iuxta eorum vires a Tancridi de Conversano consortio caveant: oderat enim eum rex ipse Rogerius odio mortifero, et sicut premisimus, a totius Apuliae finibus eum depellere conatus est. [1132.12.3] Quibus peractis Salernum repedavit, ibique procerum suorum frequentia magnificatus de inimicitiis principis Capuani et comitis Rainulphi satis abundeque tractabat; consiliabatur cotidie, qualiter eos vincere posset, quoniam quidem, sicut prediximus, ab eis victum et in fugam conversum eorum virtute longe lateque audivimus.

[1132.12.1] With these things thus done, the aforesaid King Roger, counsel having been communicated, descended into Apulia and at the city of Melfi tarried not many days; immediately he ordered certain of his barons to be called, whom he, by commanding urgently, admonished strongly, to the end that they should remain in his fidelity and affection. [1132.12.2] He also commanded that, according to their powers, they beware of the consortium of Tancred of Conversano: for King Roger himself hated him with a deathly hatred, and, as we have premised, he tried to drive him from the borders of all Apulia. [1132.12.3] These things completed he returned to Salerno, and there, being magnified by the frequency of his nobles, he treated quite fully and abundantly of the enmities of the Prince of Capua and Count Rainulf; he took counsel daily how he might conquer them, since indeed, as we have said before, we heard far and wide that he had been conquered by them and, by their prowess, turned to flight.

[1132.13.1] Diebus preterea non multis evolutis, rex prefatus Rogerius consilio cardinalis Crescentii, tunc Beneventani rectoris, et aliorum Beneventanorum, sicut audivimus, civitatem Beneventanam depredatus est; viros quidem, et mulieres et animalium multitudinem captivos apud Montem Fuscum perduxit. [1132.13.2] Qualem, lector, si adesses, luctum Beneventanorum audires et miratus lugeres, quoniam quidem civitas, securitate a rege accepta, iugiter ad possessiones eorum et vineas, quia vindemiarum tempus inerat, sine timoris aliqua dubietate exibat! [1132.13.3] Die itaque ipso, cum talis depredationis crudelitas acta est, civitatis fere totus populus, armis eductis, apud monasterium Sanctae Sophiae, ubi predictus cardinalis morabatur, furore accepto, properavit.

[1132.13.1] Moreover, with not many days having elapsed, the aforesaid king Roger, by the counsel of Cardinal Crescentius, then rector of Benevento, and of other Beneventans, as we have heard, depredated the city of Benevento; he led men indeed, and women, and a multitude of animals as captives to Montefusco. [1132.13.2] What lamentation of the Beneventans, reader, if you were present, you would hear and, amazed, you would mourn, since indeed the city, having received security from the king, was continually going out to their possessions and vineyards, because the time of the vintage was at hand, without any doubt of fear! [1132.13.3] On that very day, therefore, when such cruelty of depredation was carried out, almost the whole populace of the city, weapons drawn, in a fit of fury hastened to the monastery of Saint Sophia, where the aforesaid cardinal was staying.

[1132.13.4] Confestim eum ad prefatum regem, licet invitum, transmittunt, quatenus cives a vinculis regis absolvat, et predam Beneventanorum innumeram reducat: aiebat quidem, quoniam eius consilio et fautorum suorum talis tantaque depredatio facta est. [1132.13.5] Cardinalis igitur, nec mora, ad regem festinavit; iurabat cardinalis ille sacramentorum verbis coram omnibus consilio suo predam ipsam factam non fuisse: cardinalis itaque ad regem veniens nullo modo impetrare potuit, ut multitudo illa depredationis et civium captivorum rederetur. [1132.13.6] His ita decursis, iussit prefatus rex, ut horis omnibus circa Beneventanam civitatem milites sui insilirent, et quot cives inveniri possent, captivos ligarent.

[1132.13.4] Forthwith they transmit him to the aforesaid king, albeit unwilling, to the end that he may absolve the citizens from the king’s bonds, and lead back the innumerable prey of the Beneventans: it was being said, indeed, that by his counsel and that of his fautors such and so great a depredation had been done. [1132.13.5] The cardinal therefore, without delay, hastened to the king; that cardinal was swearing with words of oaths before all that by his counsel that very prey had not been made: the cardinal, then, coming to the king, could in no way obtain that that multitude of depredation and of captive citizens be returned. [1132.13.6] These things thus run through, the aforesaid king ordered that at all hours around the Beneventan city his soldiers should make inrushes, and that as many citizens as could be found they should bind as captives.

[1132.14.1] Ipse autem rex, navigio parato, octavo die mensis Decembris intrante, mare ingrediens ad Siciliae partes transfretavit. [1132.14.2] Sed antequam rex ipse ad navigandum pararetur, Bernardum de Fraineta, qui dominus erat de castello Balba, suasit, nuntiis interiectis, ut castrum illud eius traderet potestati; quod et factum est. [1132.14.3] Accepit itaque ab eo, sicut audivimus, centum uncias auri; ipse vero Bernardus ad Salernitanam civitatem secessit; mandavit continuo rex ille centum fere viros armatos ad castellum illud muniendum.

[1132.14.1] But the king himself, with a ship prepared, as the 8th day of the month of December was beginning, entering the sea crossed over to the parts of Sicily. [1132.14.2] But before the king himself was readied for sailing, he persuaded Bernard of Fraineta, who was lord of the castle Balba, with messengers interposed, to hand over that castle to his power; and this was also done. [1132.14.3] Therefore he received from him, as we have heard, one hundred ounces of gold; but Bernard himself withdrew to the city of Salerno; forthwith that king dispatched nearly a hundred armed men to fortify that castle.

[1132.14.4] Rao igitur de Fraineta, qui erat dominus prefati Bernardi, a quo castrum illud tenuerat, dolore cordis perculsus castelli illius perditionem deprehendens, Beneventum venit, et diligenter eos precatur, quatenus ei subveniant et celeri cursu festinent; deinde principem Robertum Capuanum et comitem Rainulphum adivit eosque hortatur, ut ad eius auxilium veniant. [1132.14.5] Princeps illico et comes prefati simul cum Beneventanis ad obsidendum castrum illud totis viribus festinaverunt, ibique lignorum machinas ad turrim illam destruendam citissime componunt. [1132.14.6] Custodes autem, qui turrim illam observabant, nihil omnino eorum, quae inferebantur, metuebant: milites vero regis et pedites in conspectu principis et Beneventanorum castrum illud securi intrabant, arma quoque et cuncta eis necessaria coram omnibus deferebant.

[1132.14.4] Rao therefore of Fraineta, who was the lord of the aforesaid Bernard, from whom he had held that castle, smitten with grief of heart upon perceiving the loss of that castle, came to Benevento and earnestly beseeches them that they might succor him and hasten with swift course; then he approached Prince Robert of Capua and Count Rainulf and exhorts them to come to his aid. [1132.14.5] The Prince forthwith and the aforesaid Count together with the Beneventans hastened with all their forces to besiege that castle, and there they very swiftly put together wooden engines for destroying that tower. [1132.14.6] But the guards who were watching that tower feared nothing at all of the things that were being brought against them: indeed the king’s knights and footmen, in the sight of the prince and the Beneventans, were securely entering that castle, and they brought before everyone arms as well as all things necessary for them.

[1132.14.7] Princeps itaque talem tantamque eorum constantiam et animorum alacritatem aspiciens castra sua inde amovit, et civitatem Capuanam ingressus est; comes autem Rainulphus et Rao de Fraineta dolore cordis turbati similiter cum Beneventanorum cetu, qui aderat, ad propria reversi sunt. [1132.14.8] Machinas quidem lignorum, quas Rao de Fraineta ad obsidionem illam duci fecerat, timore interveniente, dimisere. [1132.14.9] Confestim viri de turre illa exeuntes machinas illas coram omnibus capiunt et letanti animo eas introducunt; sicque castellum illud dimissum est, et sub regis potestate magis magisque alligatur.

[1132.14.7] Therefore the prince, beholding such and so great a constancy of theirs and an alacrity of spirits, removed his camp from there and entered the city of Capua; but Count Rainulf and Rao of Fraineta, troubled with heart-sorrow, likewise, with the band of Beneventans that was present, returned to their own places. [1132.14.8] The wooden engines, indeed, which Rao of Fraineta had caused to be led to that siege, with fear intervening, they abandoned. [1132.14.9] Immediately the men coming out from that tower seize those machines before all and, with rejoicing spirit, bring them in; and thus that castle was abandoned, and is more and more bound under the king’s power.

[1132.15.1] Per iddem tempus pars quaedam Beneventanae civitatis, consilio habito, dominum Girardum cardinalem presbiterum, qui cum domino papa Innocentio aderat, in civitatem Beneventi introduxerunt: firmabat enim pars ipsa civitatis partem Innocentii papae tenendam fore; Anacleti vero electionem contra canones fore, et iniquam. [1132.15.2] Statuunt itaque prefatum Girardum cardinalem rectorem Beneventanorum ad Romanae Ecclesiae et eiusdem domini papae fidelitatem, mense Novembri mediante. [1132.15.3] Alio autem die post eius adventum in Sacro Beneventano palatio coram Beneventanorum cetu, qui convenerat, tradidit comestabiliae honorem et potestatem Rolpotoni de Sancto Eustasio; qui vero taliter ordinatus cepit simul cum cardinali illo curiae statum regere et iustitiae vigorem unicuique dispartiri.

[1132.15.1] At the same time a certain part of the city of Benevento, counsel having been held, introduced lord Gerard, cardinal presbyter, who was present with lord Pope Innocent, into the city of Benevento: for that part of the city affirmed that the party of Pope Innocent was to be held; but that the election of Anacletus was against the canons, and iniquitous. [1132.15.2] They therefore appoint the aforesaid Gerard, cardinal, rector of the Beneventans for the fidelity of the Roman Church and of the same lord pope, in mid-November. [1132.15.3] On another day, however, after his arrival, in the Sacred Beneventan palace, before the gathering of the Beneventans which had come together, he handed over the honor and power of the constableship to Rolpoton of Saint Eustace; and he, thus ordained, began together with that cardinal to rule the state of the curia and to apportion the vigor of justice to each.

[1132.15.4] Milites denique et servientes rogavit, ut civitati subveniant et contra regis milites, civitatis inimicos, insurgant; sicque de guerra civitatis studiosus mirabiliter apparuit. [1132.15.5] Comestabulus autem Montis Fusci a rege ibi ordinatus, ut Beneventanae civitati timorem induceret, precepit vineas omnes et possessiones Beneventanorum igne ferroque divastari; quod et factum est. [1132.15.6] Prefatus igitur Rolpoto Beneventanus comestabulus tantam aspiciens contra civitatem adversitatem assidue insurgere, vicem redens pro acceptis, haud mora, civitatis partes preconis voce commovit ut, armis eductis, unusquisque ad ecclesiam Sancti Martiani conveniat.

[1132.15.4] Finally he entreated the soldiers and the serjeants to come to the aid of the city and to rise up against the king’s soldiers, the enemies of the city; and thus he appeared marvelously zealous in the city’s war. [1132.15.5] But the constable of Montefusco, appointed there by the king to instill fear into the Beneventan city, ordered that all the vineyards and possessions of the Beneventans be devastated with fire and sword; and so it was done. [1132.15.6] Therefore the aforementioned Rolpoto, the Beneventan constable, seeing so great an adversity continually rise up against the city, rendering requital for the injuries received, without delay stirred the quarters of the city by the voice of a herald, that, weapons drawn, each and every one should assemble at the church of Saint Martianus.

[1132.15.7] Qui vero preceptis eius faventes simul cum Rainulpho comite, qui cum trecentis advenerat militibus, super castellum Farnitum, quod erat Raonis Pinella, ultimo die stante mensis Ianuarii adivit. [1132.15.8] Quid multa? Tota rusticorum habitatio igne ferroque consumitur; deinde tota eadem manus habitantium utriusque sexus et etatis in timorem fugamque conversa bona sua dimisit; sicque a civibus viri multi et mulieres parvulique dispoliati sunt, et depredati: mobilia vero illorum innumera et animalia in oppido illo inventa sunt; dominus autem castri illius captivus perducitur; et his actis, ad propria Beneventani die ipso vertuntur.

[1132.15.7] Those, indeed, favoring his precepts, together with Count Rainulf, who had arrived with three hundred soldiers, went against the castle Farnitum, which belonged to Raone Pinella, with the last day of the month of January standing. [1132.15.8] Why say much? The entire habitation of the rustics is consumed by fire and sword; then that same whole band of inhabitants of either sex and age, turned to fear and flight, abandoned their goods; and thus by the citizens many men and women and little children were despoiled and depredated: their movables innumerable and their animals were found in that town; but the lord of that castle is led away captive; and, these things done, the Beneventans on that very day turn back to their own homes.

[1132.15.9] Alia autem die insurgente, simul cum prefato comite civium multitudo ad castellum, quod Pesclum nominatur, properavit. Robertus itaque de la Marca, cuius castellum illud erat, viros armatos centum fere intromisit. [1132.15.10] Prefatus autem Rolpoto comestabulus constantiam illorum aspiciens ad civitatem Beneventanam repedavit, et sic castellum illud a Beneventanis dimittitur; deinde securiter et illesum permansit.

[1132.15.9] On another day arising, together with the aforesaid count a multitude of citizens hastened to the castle which is named Pesclum. Robert de la Marca, whose that castle was, accordingly admitted nearly a hundred armed men. [1132.15.10] The aforesaid constable Rolpoto, seeing their constancy, returned to the Beneventan city, and so that castle is left by the Beneventans; thereafter it remained secure and unscathed.

[1132.16.1] His ita peractis, Rogerius comes, Iordani comitis filius, qui in captione comitis Rainulphi tenebatur, ex quo predictus rex Rogerius, sicut in superiori tractatu dictum est, in fugam conversus fuit, consilio amicorum suorum accepto, sacramento firmavit, ut principis Capuani, et ipsius comitis Rainulphi, et civitatis Beneventanae fidelitatem teneat, et contra iam dictum regem iugiter adversetur; idipsum Robertus de la Marca, et Bartholomeus de Petra Pulcina aliique milites iuraverunt.

[1132.16.1] With these things thus accomplished, Roger the count, son of Count Jordan, who was held in the captivity of Count Rainulf, after the aforesaid King Roger, as was said in the preceding tract, had been turned to flight, having taken counsel from his friends, confirmed by sacrament that he would hold the fidelity of the Prince of Capua, and of that Count Rainulf himself, and of the Beneventan city, and that he would continually be adverse to the already-said king; the same thing Robert of la Marca, and Bartholomew of Petra Pulcina, and other knights swore.

[1133.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo trigesimo tertio Dominicae Incarnationis. [1133.1.2] His ita peractis, Tancridus de Conversano, vir valde bellicosus et prudentis animi, simul cum comite Rainulpho et aliis baronibus Apuliae, consilio salutis accepto, mille fere milites et peditum multitudinem copiosam rogavit, et civitatem Venusiam supersedit. [1133.1.3] Populus itaque civitatis libertatem optatam expectans gratuita voluntate sub Tancridi de Conversano fidelitate colla submisit; deinde alias civitates Apuliae suae obtinuit potestati.

[1133.1.1] In the year 1133 of the Lord’s Incarnation. [1133.1.2] With these things thus accomplished, Tancred of Conversano, a man very warlike and of prudent mind, together with Count Rainulf and other barons of Apulia, having taken counsel for salvation, called for about a thousand knights and a copious multitude of foot-soldiers, and sat down before the city of Venusia. [1133.1.3] Therefore the people of the city, awaiting the desired liberty, of their own free will bowed their necks under the fealty of Tancred of Conversano; then he brought other cities of Apulia under his power.

[1133.2.1] Dum haec et alia in Apuliae finibus geruntur, Innocentius papa simul cum Lothario imperatore Romam pervenerunt; audivimus re vera duo milia militum secum duxisse. [1133.2.2] Apostolicus itaque honeste susceptus palatium Lateranense ingreditur, ibique gaudio magno et honoris copia supersedit: imperator autem circa monasterium Sancti Pauli cum exercito suo viriliter castrametatur. [1133.2.3] Misit namque, sicut audivimus, ad Anacletum ut, consilio religiosorum virorum communicato, adesset, et Spiritu Sancto mediante, tanti erroris et homicidii magnitudini finem poneret; quod Anacletus ille, sicut accepimus, facere contempsit.

[1133.2.1] While these things and others are being done on the borders of Apulia, Pope Innocent together with Emperor Lothair arrived at Rome; we truly heard that he led with him two thousand knights. [1133.2.2] The Apostolic, therefore, honorably received, enters the Lateran palace, and there he remained with great joy and an abundance of honor; the emperor, however, with his army manfully encamped around the Monastery of Saint Paul. [1133.2.3] For he sent, as we have heard, to Anacletus that, after conferring with religious men, he might be present, and, with the Holy Spirit mediating, might put an end to the magnitude of so great error and homicide; which that Anacletus, as we have learned, scorned to do.

[1133.3.1] Audiens itaque Robertus princeps Capuanus et Rainulphus comes Apostolici Innocentii et imperatoris Lotharii adventum longe lateque optatum, tercentum fere militum caterva stipati simul cum domino Girardo cardinale, qui tunc Beneventanus rector prefuerat, et civibus quibusdam sapientibus Beneventanis Romam festinarunt. [1133.3.2] Qui vero euntes, ordinem omnem afflictionis, quam civitas Beneventana dudum perpessa est, e vestigio intimavere, lacrimis orantes, ut civitatem Beneventanam a comite Rogerio Siculorum iugiter oppressam liberarent, et eam libertati rederent longe latequae desideratae. [1133.3.3] Cumque predictus Girardus cardinalis rector preesset civitatis, consilio cum predicto Rolpotone comestabulo accepto et aliis civitatis sapientibus, Falconem notarium, scribam Sacri palatii, istius opusculi factorem, sicut in principio legitur, iudicem civitatis ordinavit; et eo ordinato, sicut prediximus, Romam repedavit.

[1133.3.1] Therefore hearing of the arrival, far and wide desired, of Apostolic Innocent and Emperor Lothar, Robert, prince of Capua, and Rainulf, count, escorted by a band of about three hundred soldiers, together with lord Gerard the cardinal, who then had presided as rector of Benevento, and with certain wise citizens of Benevento, hastened to Rome. [1133.3.2] And as they went, they immediately made known in detail the whole order of the affliction which the city of Benevento had long since endured, beseeching with tears that they would free the city of Benevento, continually oppressed by Count Roger of the Sicilians, and restore it to the liberty desired far and wide. [1133.3.3] And when the aforesaid Gerard the cardinal was presiding as rector of the city, having taken counsel with the aforesaid Rolpoto the constable and other wise men of the city, he appointed Falco the notary, scribe of the Sacred Palace, the maker of this little work, as is read in the beginning, judge of the city; and he being appointed, as we have said above, he returned to Rome.

[1133.3.4] Continuo cardinalis ille simul cum civibus Beneventanis, qui cum ipso iverant, civitatis negotia et pericula multa, quae patiebamur, intimavit predicto domino papae; inter cetera vero annuntiant ei, qualiter consilio comestabuli et civium cardinalis ille Falconem, scribam Sacri palatii, iudicem statuisset. [1133.3.5] Quid multa? Apostolicus ille petitionibus eorum favens confirmavit et concessit, et privilegio signato, misit civitati Beneventanae per Gregorium Beneventanum Electum, qui Romam ierat, Falconem prefatum iudicem confirmasse Beneventanum.

[1133.3.4] Immediately that cardinal, together with the Beneventan citizens who had gone with him, made known to the aforesaid lord pope the affairs of the city and the many perils which we were suffering; among other things, indeed, they announce to him how, by the counsel of the constable and of the citizens, that cardinal had appointed Falcon, scribe of the Sacred Palace, as judge. [1133.3.5] Why many words? That Apostolic, favoring their petitions, confirmed and granted, and, the privilege having been sealed, he sent to the Beneventan city through Gregory the Beneventan Elect, who had gone to Rome, that he had confirmed the aforesaid Falcon as Beneventan judge.

[1133.4.1] Eodem anno, triginta et duo Beneventani cives, qui apud civitatem Salernum captivi tenebantur, Domino auxiliante, de vinculis liberati sunt; dies vero eorum liberationis sancti Eustasii martirium colebatur.

[1133.4.1] In the same year, 32 Beneventan citizens, who were being held captive in the city of Salerno, with the Lord aiding, were freed from their bonds; indeed, the day of their liberation was when the martyrdom of Saint Eustace was being observed.

[1133.5.1] Princeps itaque et comes Romam euntes, non sicut voluerunt, ab imperatore consecuti sunt. [1133.5.2] Et eis illic morantibus, en ex improviso predictus rex Rogerius Siculorum, exercitu Sarracenorum congregato, Farum transivit; deinde in Apuliam cursu rapido acceleravit. [1133.5.3] Continuo civitatem Venusiam, quam Tancridus comprehenderat, et alias civitates virtute comprehendens, igne ferroque consumavit: viros quoque, et mulieres parvulosque earum variis mortis generibus necavit; quosdam vero eorum comburi fecit.

[1133.5.1] Therefore the prince and the count, going to Rome, did not obtain from the emperor as they wished. [1133.5.2] And while they were tarrying there, lo, unexpectedly, the aforesaid King Roger of the Sicilians, an army of Saracens having been gathered, crossed the Faro; then he hastened with rapid course into Apulia. [1133.5.3] At once the city of Venusia, which Tancred had seized, and other cities, seizing by force, he consumed with fire and iron: the men also, and the women and their little ones, he killed by various kinds of death; indeed he caused some of them to be burned.

[1133.5.4] Regem testamur eternum, tanta crudelitate in Christianos illos exarsit, quod vix aut nunquam a seculo est auditum! [1133.5.5] Continuo principi et comiti Romam morantibus nuntiatum est, ut citissime redeant et tanto tiranno resistentes, Apuliam totam et eorum bona a gutture tanti predonis defendant. [1133.5.6] Et nuntio accepto, celeriter redeunt et preconis voce tonanti principatum totum Capuanum et civitatem Beneventanam exagitant ut, armis eductis, contra perfidiam illius et tirannidem viriliter resistant; quod factum est, et preparatum.

[1133.5.4] We bear witness to the eternal King: he blazed forth with such cruelty against those Christians as has scarcely or never been heard since the age began! [1133.5.5] Immediately, to the prince and the count staying at Rome, it was announced that they should return most swiftly and, resisting so great a tyrant, defend all Apulia and their goods from the maw of so great a brigand. [1133.5.6] And, the message received, they return quickly, and by the herald’s thundering voice they rouse the whole Capuan principality and the city of Benevento, that, with arms drawn, they may manfully resist his perfidy and tyranny; which was done, and made ready.

[1133.5.7] Comes itaque Rainulphus mille fere milites accipiens circa Troianos fines acceleravit; misit continuo legatos suos apud Troianam civitatem ut sacramenta, quae comiti et principi cives Troiani promiserant, adimplerent. [1133.5.8] Troianus vero populus timore predicti regis coactus et verbis regis dolose pacificis fidem attribuens, comitis voluntati favere penitus recusavit; super etiam episcopus civitatis populum omnem suaserat, ut regis fidelitatem non dimitteret. [1133.5.9] Comes autem haec audiens quadraginta dierum spatio illic commorans apud Beneventum repedavit.

[1133.5.7] Therefore Count Rainulf, taking about a thousand soldiers, hastened about the borders of Troia; he straightway sent his legates to the city of Troia that they might fulfill the oaths which the citizens of Troia had promised to the count and the prince. [1133.5.8] But the people of Troia, compelled by fear of the aforesaid king and assigning credence to the king’s deceitfully peaceable words, utterly refused to favor the will of the count; moreover the bishop of the city had advised all the people not to abandon fidelity to the king. [1133.5.9] But the count, hearing these things and remaining there for the space of forty days, marched back to Benevento.

[1133.6.1] Dum haec et alia geruntur, rex prefatus civitatem nomine Materam obsedit, quam acriter expugnans, proditione populi comprehendit; ibique Giffredum, filium Giffredi comitis, dominum civitatis, alligavit. [1133.6.2] Quibus ita peractis, civitatem aliam nomine Ansam suae obtinuit potestati; re vera thesaurum auri et argenti Alexandri comitis invenit. [1133.6.3] Quid multa?

[1133.6.1] While these things and others are being transacted, the aforesaid king besieged a city by the name Matera, and, assailing it sharply, by the treachery of the people he seized it; and there he bound Giffred, son of Count Giffred, the lord of the city. [1133.6.2] With these things thus accomplished, he brought another city by the name Ansa under his power; in truth he found the treasure of gold and silver of Count Alexander. [1133.6.3] What more?

Omnes civitates eiusdem Alexandri comitis et oppida suae submisit ditioni; Alexander itaque comes, sicut naufragus, apud predictum comitem Rainulphum, heu miser, mortuus est! [1133.6.4] Deinde civitatem Tranum et totam Apuliam igne ferroque rex ipse trucidavit. [1133.6.5] Quid dicam?

He subjected all the cities of that same Count Alexander and the towns to his dominion; Alexander therefore the count, like a shipwrecked man, with the aforesaid Count Rainulf—alas, wretched—died! [1133.6.4] Then the city of Trani and all Apulia the king himself ravaged by fire and sword. [1133.6.5] What shall I say?

Quod nunquam a seculo est auditum, rex ipse in Christianos operatus est! [1133.6.6] Deinde, amoto exercitu, rex ipse Rogerius humano sanguine nondum satiatus Montem Pilosum, ubi Tancridus de Conversano et Rogerius de Pleuto, viri bellicosi et strenui, aderant, obsedit; quindecim vero dies ibi moratus est. [1133.6.7] Tancridus itaque et predictus Rogerius viriliter et animose regi Rogerio et eius exercitui obsistebant; rex autem Rogerius constantiam eorum aspiciens machinas lignorum et belli apparatus super Montem Pilosum fieri mandavit.

What has never been heard since the world began, the king himself acted against Christians! [1133.6.6] Then, the army having been withdrawn, King Roger himself, not yet sated with human blood, besieged Mount Pilosus, where Tancred of Conversano and Roger of Pleuto, warlike and strenuous men, were present; indeed he stayed there for fifteen days. [1133.6.7] Tancred therefore and the aforesaid Roger manfully and spiritedly were resisting King Roger and his army; but King Roger, beholding their constancy, ordered machines of wood and the apparatus of war to be made upon Mount Pilosus.

[1133.6.8] Rusticorum itaque manus Montis Pilosi ferocitatem regis et preliorum terrores persentiens pugnare contra eum nolebant: clamabant etiam se minime defendere posse. [1133.6.9] Quid longius moror? Tubis sonantibus et prelii apparatu circa muros inchoato, Montem Pilosum circumquaque, vocibus ad astra levatis, expugnat; Tancridus autem de Conversano et predictus Rogerius agressionem ipsam aspiciens equos ascendunt et cum militibus eorum secundum vires obsistunt.

[1133.6.8] Therefore the band of rustics, perceiving the king’s ferocity and the terrors of battles at Mount Pilosus, were unwilling to fight against him: they even cried out that they could by no means defend themselves. [1133.6.9] Why do I delay longer? With trumpets sounding and the apparatus of battle begun around the walls, he storms Mount Pilosus on every side, with voices lifted to the stars; but Tancred of Conversano and the aforesaid Roger, beholding the very assault, mount their horses and, according to their strength, oppose with their soldiers.

[1133.6.10] Novissime autem, iudicio divino superveniente et eorum infortunio orribili, civitas ipsa Montis Pilosi capta est. [1133.6.11] Tancridus autem et miser ipse Rogerius, armis proiectis, per latebras et loca civitatis absconsa latuerunt; inveniuntur tamen a persequentibus et coram rege Rogerio perducuntur. [1133.6.12] O quantus dolor et lacrimarum orror insolitus, quod si, lector, adesses, dolore turbatus expavesceres!

[1133.6.10] Finally, however, with divine judgment supervening and by their horrible misfortune, the city itself of Mount Pilosus was captured. [1133.6.11] Tancred however and the wretched Roger himself, their arms thrown aside, hid through the hiding-places and concealed spots of the city; nevertheless they are found by the pursuers and are led before King Roger. [1133.6.12] O how great the dolor and unwonted horror of tears, that if, reader, you were present, troubled by grief you would shudder!

[1133.6.13] Continuo Rogerium ipsum laqueo suspendi precepit; precepit etiam ut Tancridus ipse manu sua funem laquei traheret: heu nefas, et dictu terribile! [1133.6.14] Tancridus ipse invitus regis voluntati obtemperavit; mirabatur omnis exercitus et facta regis orrebat, celorum regem deposcens, ut tanto tiranno et crudeli viro resistere dignaretur. [1133.6.15] Quo facto, Tancridum de Conversano, virum mirabilem, custodiri mandavit; nam, sicut audivimus, apud Siciliam captivus perducitur.

[1133.6.13] Immediately he commanded that Rogerius himself be hanged by a noose; he also commanded that Tancridus himself, with his own hand, draw the rope of the noose: alas, an impiety, and terrible to say! [1133.6.14] Tancridus himself, unwilling, obeyed the king’s will; the whole army marveled and shuddered at the deeds of the king, beseeching the king of the heavens to deign to resist so great a tyrant and cruel man. [1133.6.15] When this had been done, he ordered that Tancridus of Conversano, a wondrous man, be kept under guard; for, as we have heard, he is brought as a captive to Sicily.

[1133.6.16] Nec mora, civitatem ipsam Montis Pilosi et monasteria, viros et mulieres, omnes habitatores cum parvulis eorum in ore ignis et gladii trucidavit. [1133.7.1] Inde, exercitu amoto, cursu rapido super Troianam civitatem advenit; cives autem, quia verbis eius in dolo pacificis crediderant, securiter eum expectavere. [1133.7.2] Episcopus itaque, Guidelmus nomine, civitatis clerum omnem, civitatis et monachos et cives convocans in albis vestitus cum laudibus et processionibus coram rege obviavit; cogitans animi ferocitatem sedare corpora, ut audivimus, sanctorum ad eius gloriam ante eum perduxit.

[1133.6.16] Without delay, he butchered the city itself of Montis Pilosi and the monasteries, the men and women, all the inhabitants with their little ones, by the mouth of fire and sword. [1133.7.1] Thence, the army having been moved, in rapid course he came upon the city of Troia; but the citizens, because they had believed his words of peace given in guile, awaited him securely. [1133.7.2] Therefore the bishop, by name Guidelmus, summoning all the clergy of the city, and the monks of the city and the citizens, dressed in white albs with praises and processions went to meet before the king; thinking to soothe the ferocity of his spirit by the bodies, as we have heard, of the saints, he led them before him to his glory.

[1133.7.3] Rex autem ipse furibundus civitatem ingressus et securitatis datae oblitus processionem ipsam et gloriam aspiciens, cattholicae fidei immemor et christianae religionis expugnator, oculis ardentibus processionem illam destruxit: [1133.7.4] "Nolo", inquit, "nolo huiusmodi gloriam, sed vita comite, omnes destruam et omnes exulabo!". [1133.7.5] Clerus autem et populus, qui obviam exierat, in fugam convertuntur, et sicut potuit, quisque absconditur; continuo cives multos Troianorum comprehendit et mulieres et eorum infantes vinculis destinavit; iudicem quoque, Robertum nomine, et quatuor alios viros sapientes laqueo suspendi precepit. [1133.7.6] Multi vero Troianorum cum uxoribus et filiis substantiam omnem relinquentes apud Beneventum fugierunt; domos vero Troianorum et eorum bona igne ferroque consumari precepit. [1133.7.7] O quantus luctus mulierum et infantum per totam civitatem Troianam surrexit, quod si centenas voces lingua exprimeret, prius deficerem scribendo, quam omnia sigillatim enarrarem!

[1133.7.3] But the king himself, raging, having entered the city and forgetful of the security that had been given, beholding the procession itself and its glory, unmindful of the catholic faith and an assailant of the Christian religion, with burning eyes shattered that procession: [1133.7.4] “I do not want,” he said, “I do not want glory of this sort, but, life as companion, I will destroy all and I will banish all!” [1133.7.5] The clergy and the people, who had gone out to meet him, are turned to flight, and each hides himself as he could; immediately he seized many citizens of Troia and he consigned the women and their infants to bonds; he also ordered the judge, Robert by name, and four other wise men to be hanged with a noose. [1133.7.6] Many indeed of the Trojans, with their wives and sons, leaving all their substance, fled to Beneventum; and he ordered the houses of the Trojans and their goods to be consumed by fire and iron. [1133.7.7] O how great a lamentation of women and infants arose throughout the whole Trojan city, such that, if a tongue should express it with hundreds of voices, I would sooner fail in writing than relate all severally in detail!

[1133.7.8] Diebus autem non multis evolutis, exercitu congregato, rex prefatus apud Melfitanam civitatem festinavit quam, sicut audivimus, viriliter comprehendens, suae submisit potestati.

[1133.7.8] However, with not many days elapsed, the army congregated, the aforesaid king hastened to the Melfitan city which, as we have heard, manfully seizing, he subjected to his power.

[1133.8.1] Hoc anno, prefatus Robertus princeps videns ferocitatem Rogerii regis, et Apuliam totam in confusionem et mortis periculum pervenire, timens etiam, ne rex ipse principatum suum invaderet, consilio accepto, apud Pisanam civitatem, navigiis paratis, festinavit; qui vero honorifice susceptus interrogatur, qua de causa tanti laboris sudorem subiret. [1133.8.2] Princeps itaque regis Rogerii ferocitatem, et minas eius et terrores illatos e vestigio exponens precatur suppliciter, ut civitas Pisana auxilii manum et consilii ei largiretur, pactis eorum intervenientibus, sicut in inferiori tractatu continebitur. [1133.8.3] Octavo quidem kalendas Iulii princeps ipse mare ingressus est, et Pisas transfretavit; qualiter autem cum Pisanis egerit, nondum plenissime ad nostram perventum est notitiam.

[1133.8.1] In this year, the aforesaid Prince Robert, seeing the ferocity of King Roger, and that all Apulia was coming into confusion and the peril of death, fearing also lest the king himself should invade his principality, counsel taken, hastened to the city of Pisa, ships having been made ready; and, being honorably received, he is asked for what cause he would undergo the sweat of so great a labor. [1133.8.2] The prince therefore, setting forth on the spot the ferocity of King Roger, and his threats and the terrors inflicted, beseeches suppliantly that the city of Pisa would bestow upon him a hand of aid and of counsel, their agreements interceding, as will be contained in the lower treatise. [1133.8.3] On the eighth day before the Kalends of July the prince himself entered upon the sea and crossed over to Pisa; but how he dealt with the Pisans has not yet most fully come to our knowledge.

Sed redeamus ad causam.

But let us return to the cause.

[1133.9.1] Cumque prefatus rex Rogerius Troianam et Melfitanam civitatem depopulatus est, sicut accepimus, exercitus sui magnitudinem per partes dividens apud Barensem civitatem repedavit. [1133.9.2] Haec inter prefatus comes Rainulphus principatum totum Capuanum submovit, et totius terrae suae auxilium, et Rolpotonem Beneventanum comestabulum, et Beneventanae civitatis partes partiumque angulos, ut omnes, armis eductis, regi tiranno resistentes conveniant. [1133.9.3] Qui vero unanimiter et mente devota comitis Rainulphi voluntati famulantur: clamabant quidem prius morti velle succumbere, quam sub nefandi regis imperio colla submittant.

[1133.9.1] And when the aforesaid king Roger laid waste the city of Troia and the city of Melfi, as we have received, dividing the magnitude of his army into parts he marched back to the city of Bari. [1133.9.2] Meanwhile the aforesaid count Rainulf detached the whole Capuan principality, and summoned the aid of all his land, and Ropoto the Beneventan constable, and the quarters of the Beneventan city and the corners of the quarters, that all, with weapons drawn, might assemble resisting the tyrant king. [1133.9.3] And they, indeed, unanimously and with a devout mind serve the will of Count Rainulf: they were crying out that they would sooner wish to succumb to death than to submit their necks under the rule of the nefarious king.

[1133.9.4] Quid longius moror? Mille numeratos equites et viriliter armatos et peditum fere viginti milia comes ipse congregavit. [1133.9.5] Comestabulus autem Rolpoto preconis voce civitatem Beneventanam exagitans innumerabilem civium multitudinem secum gaudens eduxit.

[1133.9.4] Why do I delay longer? The count himself gathered a thousand tallied knights, manfully armed, and nearly twenty thousand foot-soldiers. [1133.9.5] The constable, however, Rolpoto, stirring the Beneventan city by a herald’s voice, rejoicing led out with him an innumerable multitude of citizens.

[1133.9.6] Et eis in unum convenientibus, dum rex ipse taliter Apuliam consummaret, consilio virtutis arrepto, super castrum, quod La Pellosa vocatur, festinavere; castrum illud Ugonis Infantis fuerat, qui, periurio facto, comitem Rainulphum dimiserat et regi Rogerio adhesit. [1133.9.7] Et castro illo obsesso, per quatriduum acriter expugnatum est; machinas continuo lignorum ad muros destruendos comes ipse ordinari precepit; aquam vero fluminis, quod prope aderat, et fontes ibi contiguos die noctuque costodiri, ne a rusticis auriretur, viriliter prefatus comes et comestabulus mandavere. [1133.9.8] Milites itaque castellum illud servantes terrorem machinarum et domos rusticorum a lapidibus dirutas aspicientes, et sitis periculum imminentis sentientes, ne igne ferroque caperentur, exterriti castrum illud rediderunt ad prefati comitis potestatem; deinde, sacramentis intervenientibus, sub fidelitate comitis alligatur.

[1133.9.6] And with them coming together into one, while the king himself was thus consummating Apulia, with a counsel of valor taken up they hastened against the castle which is called La Pellosa; that castle had been Hugh the Infans’s, who, perjury having been committed, had abandoned Count Rainulf and adhered to King Roger. [1133.9.7] And that castle being besieged, for a four‑day period it was sharply assailed; the count himself ordered at once engines of timber to be arranged for destroying the walls; and the water of the river which was near at hand, and the springs contiguous there, to be guarded day and night, lest it be drawn by the rustics—the aforementioned count and the constable manfully commanded. [1133.9.8] The soldiers therefore guarding that castle, beholding the terror of the machines and the houses of the rustics demolished by stones, and feeling the peril of imminent thirst, lest they be taken by fire and iron, terrified, surrendered that castle to the power of the aforementioned count; then, with oaths interposing, it is bound under fealty to the count.

[1133.9.9] Inde, consilio accepto, predictus comestabulus cum Beneventanis civitatem Beneventanam gaudens revertitur. [1133.9.10] At comes, suis omnibus congregatis, licentiam redeundi ad propria largitur sacramento firmantes ut, cum necessitas incumberet, omnes, armis eductis, convenirent; et sic ad propria unusquisque repedavit.

[1133.9.9] Thence, counsel having been taken, the aforesaid constable, rejoicing, returns with the Beneventans to the city of Benevento. [1133.9.10] But the count, with all his men gathered, grants leave to return to their own homes, confirming by oath that, when necessity should press, all, with arms drawn, would assemble; and so each one marched back to his own.

[1133.10.1] Eodem anno, Crescentius cardinalis, de quo superius mentionem fecimus, cum prefato rege Rogerio consiliatur, ut vineae omnes Beneventanorum et possessiones incenderentur, excogitans terrorem Beneventanae civitati inducere, et sic civitatem sub nefandi regis imperio subiugare. [1133.10.2] Rex itaque, huiusmodi nefando consilio communicato, precepit, ut vineae omnes Beneventanorum et hereditates igne ferroque consummarentur; nec mora, pars quaedam vinearum et possessionum inciditur, pars quaedam combusta est. [1133.10.3] Lector quidem, si adesses, turbatus expavesceres de tanta vinearum incisione et combustione possessionum!

[1133.10.1] In the same year, Cardinal Crescentius, about whom we made mention above, consults with the aforesaid King Roger, that all the vineyards and possessions of the Beneventans be set on fire, devising to induce terror upon the Beneventan city, and thus to subjugate the city under the dominion of the nefarious king. [1133.10.2] Therefore the king, this kind of nefarious counsel having been communicated, ordered that all the vineyards and inheritances of the Beneventans be consumed by fire and iron; nor was there delay: a certain part of the vineyards and possessions is cut down, a certain part is burned. [1133.10.3] Indeed, reader, if you were present, you would, disturbed, grow pale with fear at so great a cutting of vineyards and a burning of possessions!

[1133.10.4] Vindemias dimisimus et predicti regis nefandi petitionibus ullo modo favere noluimus; famis quidem penuriam et sitis mortisque genera sustinentes ore vociferabamur aperto, prius pelago et morti terribili colla submittere, quam eius imperio famulari! [1133.10.5] Quis unquam mortalium tanti regis nefandi furorem audiens eius dominium subire non pertimescit? [1133.10.6] Regem vero testamur eternum, iudicemque communem, Neronem crudelissimum imperatorem Paganorum in Christianos stragem talem legimus non exercuisse!

[1133.10.4] We let the vintages go and were unwilling in any way to favor the petitions of the aforesaid nefarious king; enduring the penury of hunger and thirst and kinds of death, we cried aloud with open mouth that we would sooner submit our necks to the sea and to terrible death than be servants to his dominion! [1133.10.5] Who among mortals, ever hearing the fury of so great a nefarious king, does not dread to come under his dominion? [1133.10.6] We call to witness the eternal King and the common Judge, that Nero, the most cruel emperor of the Pagans, against Christians such a slaughter we read did not wreak!

[1133.11.1] Cumque, sicut prediximus, prefatus rex Rogerius civitates Apuliae et oppida, viros et mulieres eorum crudeli manu depopulatus est, consilio arrepto, Salernum advenit, ibique congregari mandavit proceres quosdam iuxta Salernitanam civitatem commorantes; et eis accitis, tractavit cum eis, qualiter cives Salernitanos et Amalfitanos, sicut Apuliae, feroci manu perderet. [1133.11.2] Sed, quia congruum sibi tempus non videbatur, quod corde conceperat, imperfectum dimisit, excogitans tempore oportuno adimplere; deinde, navigio parato, mare ingrediens Siciliam transfretavit duodecimo kalendas Novembris. [1133.11.3] Audivimus preterea viginti et tria navigia auro et argento onerata, et mobilium, quae de civitatibus Apuliae expoliaverat, in profundo maris submersisse; in quibus navigiis multi viri et mulieres ex omnibus civitatibus Apuliae, et infantes ligati exules ducebantur, patriam parentesque suos nunquam visuri; qui vero in eodem naufragio suffocati sunt.

[1133.11.1] And when, as we have foretold, the aforesaid King Roger had depopulated the cities and towns of Apulia, their men and women, with a cruel hand, having taken counsel he came to Salerno, and there he commanded certain nobles dwelling near the city of Salerno to be gathered; and, they having been summoned, he conferred with them how he might destroy the Salernitan and Amalfitan citizens, as those of Apulia, with a ferocious hand. [1133.11.2] But, because no congruent time seemed to him, what he had conceived in his heart he left unfinished, devising to accomplish it at an opportune time; then, with a ship prepared, entering the sea he crossed over to Sicily on the twelfth day before the Kalends of November (October 21). [1133.11.3] We heard, moreover, that twenty-three ships, laden with gold and silver, and with movables which he had despoiled from the cities of Apulia, sank in the deep of the sea; in which ships many men and women from all the cities of Apulia, and infants bound, were being led as exiles, never to see their fatherland and their parents; who indeed in that same shipwreck were drowned.

[1133.11.4] O quantus luctus et dolor orribilis universos fines Apuliae invasit, celorum tamen regem collaudantes, quod de variis mortis generibus et exilii periculo eos liberavit, et momento uno de mundi huius voragine eos eduxit!

[1133.11.4] O how great the mourning and horrible grief invaded all the bounds of Apulia, yet praising the King of the heavens, because he freed them from the various kinds of death and the peril of exile, and in a single moment led them out of the whirlpool of this world!

[1133.12.1] Dum haec et alia, quae scripta sunt, iuxta Apuliam geruntur, prenominatus pontifex Innocentius et Robertus Capuanus princeps, salutis accepto consilio, mense Septembri mediante, navem ingrediuntur et ventis secundis Pisas transfretavere. [1133.12.2] Nam, sicut accepimus, exercitus navium et armatorum virorum et imperatoris Lotharii virtutem querentes, cordi proposuere ut, Domino favente, civitatem Beneventanam multis variisque calamitatibus oppressam a gutture nefandi regis Rogerii eripiant. [1133.12.3] Iverat enim prefatus princeps Robertus ad civitatem Pisanam et cum consulibus et sapientibus viris civitatis satis abundeque tractavit, ut auxilium navalis exercitus ei largirentur; qui vero sine populo Ianuensi hoc promittere noluerunt.

[1133.12.1] While these things and others, which have been written, are being carried out near Apulia, the aforesaid pontiff Innocent and Prince Robert of Capua, having taken counsel for safety, in the middle of the month of September, embark on a ship and with favorable winds crossed over to Pisa. [1133.12.2] For, as we have learned, seeking a fleet of ships and of armed men and the might of Emperor Lothar, they set it to heart that, with the Lord favoring, they might snatch the Beneventan city, oppressed by many and various calamities, from the throat of the nefarious King Roger. [1133.12.3] For the aforesaid Prince Robert had gone to the city of Pisa and had negotiated quite sufficiently and abundantly with the consuls and wise men of the city, that they might grant him the aid of a naval army; but they were unwilling to promise this without the people of Genoa.

[1133.12.4] Tandem, definito consilio, sacramentis intervenientibus, pactum stabilivere ut, circa mensem Martium futurum, cum centum navigiis paratis armatorum supra nefandum regem Rogerium festinent; audivimus quoque ducem Venetianorum ad eius auxilium manum dedisse. [1133.12.5] Ideoque princeps ipse Romam revertitur et omnia, quaecumque cum Pisano populo, et Ianuensi, tractavit, domino papae Innocentio e vestigio patefecit; sicque cum eodem pontifice ad pactum illud firmandum Pisas festinavere.

[1133.12.4] Finally, the counsel having been defined, with oaths intervening, they established a pact that, around the coming month of March, with a hundred ships prepared of armed men, they should hasten against the nefarious King Roger; we have also heard that the duke of the Venetians lent a hand to his aid. [1133.12.5] Therefore the prince himself returns to Rome and immediately disclosed to lord Pope Innocent all the things whatever he had transacted with the Pisan people, and the Genoese, and thus with that same pontiff they hastened to Pisa to make that pact firm.

[1133.13.1] Cumque, sicut prelatum est, rex Rogerius Siciliam peteret, prefatus Crescentius, nomine tantum cardinalis, aspiciens, quod sub ipsius regis potestate, sicut tractaverat, Beneventanam civitatem non posse submittere, valde cepit ipse cum aliis Beneventanis de civitate proiectis contristari. [1133.13.2] Deinde multis variisque insidiis et conspirationibus cepit quosdam eorum muneribus quosdam pollicitationibus, sacramentis intervenientibus, alligare; alligavit re vera, ut comestabulum Rolpotonem occiderent et eius sequaces, quot invenire possent; et sic, armis eductis, civitatis plateas invaderent, pacem nomine doloso clamitando. [1133.13.3] Quibus sacramento taliter alligatis, alios Beneventanos sanioris sensus et prudentiores prefatus Crescentius decipiendo mandavit, ut prefatis fautoribus suis manum consilii et auxilii largirentur; quibusdam vero pecuniam transmisit, quibusdam honoris dignitatem pollicebatur.

[1133.13.1] And when, as was pre-stated, King Roger was making for Sicily, the aforesaid Crescentius, a cardinal only in name, seeing that under that king’s power he could not, as he had negotiated, subject the city of Benevento, began to be greatly grieved, he himself along with other Beneventans cast out from the city. [1133.13.2] Then, by many and various ambushes and conspiracies, he began to bind some of them by gifts, others by promises, with oaths intervening; he truly bound them to kill the constable Rolpoto and his followers, as many as they could find; and thus, with weapons drawn, to invade the streets of the city, loudly proclaiming “peace” with a deceitful name. [1133.13.3] With these thus bound by an oath, the aforesaid Crescentius, by deceiving, instructed other Beneventans of sounder sense and more prudent to extend a hand of counsel and aid to his aforesaid supporters; moreover he sent money to some, to others he was promising the dignity of honor.

[1133.13.4] Nam, sicut accepimus, prefatum comestabulum die solemnitatis Omnium Sanctorum trucidare disposuere. [1133.13.5] Sed humani generis Salvator, qui reprobat consilia gentium, cuius consilium manet in eternum, dispositiones eorum subvertit. [1133.13.6] Deinde prefatus Crescentius per totum mensem Novembris cum predictis fautoribus suis de invasione civitatis et destructione subtiliter et studiosissime tractare non desinit.

[1133.13.4] For, as we have received, they resolved to butcher the aforesaid constable on the day of the solemnity of All Saints. [1133.13.5] But the Savior of the human race, who reproves the counsels of the nations, whose counsel remains unto eternity, overturned their dispositions. [1133.13.6] Then the aforesaid Crescentius, through the whole month of November, with his aforesaid fautors, did not cease most subtly and most studiously to treat of the invasion and destruction of the city.

[1133.13.7] Quid multa? Pestifero invento consilio, die festivitatis sancti Andreae apostoli statuerunt, ut ipse Crescentius, congregatis fere ducentis militibus et peditum multitudine copiosa, ad incidendas vineas Beneventanorum, quae sunt in loco ubi dicitur Rosetum, venirent. [1133.13.8] Incisionem illam cum cives Beneventani vidissent, ad defendendas vineas suas exire pugnaturi deberent; cum quibus exeuntibus predictum comestabulum Rolpotonem agredi et in fugam convertere disposuerunt, ita quidem ut, simulata fide et fraude mortifera, primum ipsi terga vertentes quosdam suorum militum et peditum captivos in manus dimitterent Beneventanorum; qua de re prefatus comestabulus cum civibus eos persequi et invadere letitia deberet.

[1133.13.7] Why much? With a pestiferous counsel devised, on the feast day of Saint Andrew the Apostle they determined that Crescentius himself, having congregated nearly 200 soldiers and a copious multitude of infantry, should come to cut down the vineyards of the Beneventans, which are in the place that is called the Rosetum. [1133.13.8] When the Beneventan citizens should see that cutting, they would have to go out to defend their vineyards by fighting; upon whose going out they planned to assail the aforesaid Constable Rolpoto and to turn him to flight, indeed in such a way that, with feigned faith and death-bringing fraud, they, first turning their backs, would deliver certain of their own soldiers and infantry as captives into the hands of the Beneventans; whereupon the aforesaid constable, with the citizens, ought in joy to pursue and attack them.

[1133.13.9] Et eis ita persequentibus, quidam Beneventanorum prefati Crescentii fautores et homicidio civitatis alligati portam Sancti Laurentii clauderent; et porta illa viriliter clausa, nominatus comestabulus cum Beneventanis, qui secum exierant, civitatem ingredi non possent. [1133.13.10] Et sic prefatus Crescentius cum militibus regis Beneventanos insequerentur usque ad predictam portam Sancti Laurentii, ad quam portam eum capere destinaverunt, et quot civium invenire potuissent; sicque omnes particulatim trucidarent. [1133.13.11] Disposuerunt etiam, ut centum milites ad ecclesiam Sancti Angeli ad Crucem, quae est infra confinia portae Summae, latitarent, qui stragem illam et captivitatem sentientes, portam Summam virtute intrarent, deinde viros, et mulieres, et parvulos et omnia civitatis bona in ore ignis et gladii confunderent, et ita civitatem in potestate regis, et dominio, submitterent.

[1133.13.9] And as they thus were pursuing them, certain of the Beneventans, supporters of the aforesaid Crescentius and bound to the homicide of the city, would shut the Gate of Saint Lawrence; and with that gate stoutly closed, the named constable with the Beneventans who had gone out with him would not be able to enter the city. [1133.13.10] And so the aforesaid Crescentius with the king’s soldiers would pursue the Beneventans up to the aforesaid Gate of Saint Lawrence, at which gate they destined to seize him, and as many of the citizens as they could find; and thus they would butcher all, one by one. [1133.13.11] They also arranged that a hundred soldiers should lie hidden at the church of Saint Angel at the Cross, which is within the bounds of the Gate Summa, who, sensing that slaughter and captivity, should by force enter the Gate Summa, then confound men, and women, and little children and all the goods of the city in the mouth of fire and sword, and so should subject the city to the king’s power and dominion.

[1133.13.12] Sed Salvator omnipotens, qui castigat et salvat, qui ducit ad inferos et reducit, et post lacrimationem et fletum exultationem inducit, mortifera eorum consilia et nefandas dispositiones reprobavit; ipse, inquam, qui reprobat consilia gentium, cuius consilium manet in eternum, reprobavit re vera et subvertit malignorum machinationes, et longe aliter, quam ipse Crescentius cum hostibus tractaverat, perventum est. [1133.13.13] O dolor, et dictu terribile: sub colorato nomine Romanae Sedis Beneventanam civitatem, quae in vigore libertatis et in Beati Petri fidelitate longe lateque permanserat, sub predicti regis Rogerii crudelitate, execrandae, ut ita dicam, memoriae, submittere disponebant. [1133.13.14] Regem quidem testamur eternum, quoniam per civitatis Beneventanae libertatem viriliter custoditam, et merita apostolorum Petri, et Pauli, et Bartholomei et aliorum sanctorum miseram Apuliam a nefando illo rege captivatam et usque in Romanos fines provincias de manu eiusdem regis et desiderio ereptam fore et ad gloriam perductam sine dubio sperabamus.

[1133.13.12] But the omnipotent Savior, who chastises and saves, who leads down to the underworld and brings back, and after tear-shedding and lamentation brings in exultation, reproved their death-dealing counsels and nefarious dispositions; he himself, I say, who reproves the counsels of the nations, whose counsel abides unto eternity, in very truth reprobated and subverted the machinations of the malign, and the outcome was far otherwise than Crescentius himself had contrived with the enemies. [1133.13.13] O sorrow, and terrible to say: under the colored name of the Roman See they were disposing to subject the city of Benevento, which had far and wide remained in the vigor of liberty and in the fidelity of Blessed Peter, to the cruelty of the aforesaid King Roger, of execrable—so to speak—memory. [1133.13.14] We bear witness indeed to the eternal King, that through the liberty of the city of Benevento manfully guarded, and the merits of the apostles Peter, and Paul, and Bartholomew, and of the other saints, we without doubt were hoping that wretched Apulia, taken captive by that nefarious king, and the provinces even unto the Roman borders, would be snatched from the hand and desire of that same king and brought unto glory.

[1133.13.15] Sperandum quippe erat et ante oculos iugiter habendum, quoniam quidem Innocentius pontifex cum Roberto Capuano principe, sudore multo et periculo arrepto, pro nobis omnibus redimendis laborabant, sicut in superiori tractatu premisimus. [1133.13.16] Modo vero apud hostes civitatis disponebatur, nos omnes in mortem, et depredationem et desperationem subicere. Sed redeamus ad causam.

[1133.13.15] It had, indeed, to be hoped and to be kept continually before our eyes, since indeed the pontiff Innocent, with Robert the Capuan prince, with much sweat and peril undertaken, were laboring for the redeeming of us all, as we have premised in the foregoing tractate. [1133.13.16] But now, among the enemies of the city, it was being arranged to subject us all to death, and to depredation and to desperation. But let us return to the matter.

[1133.14.1] Prefati igitur Crescentii fautores, velocitate accepta, sanguinem Beneventanorum sitientes adventum inimicorum civitatis, qui secum coniuraverant, sicut superius dictum est, non expectaverunt; continuo in predicta festivitate sancti Andreae apostoli, armis acceptis, in plateis exierunt. [1133.14.2] Quid dicam? Mente confusi, fideles Beati Petri percutientes, pacem se velle clamabant; Roffridum quidem iudicem et abbatem Paroaldum gladiis percusserunt.

[1133.14.1] Therefore the aforesaid favorers of Crescentius, having taken to speed, thirsting for the blood of the Beneventans, did not await the arrival of the enemies of the city, who had conspired with them, as was said above; immediately, on the aforesaid feast of Saint Andrew the Apostle, having taken up arms, they went out into the streets. [1133.14.2] What shall I say? Confounded in mind, striking the faithful of Blessed Peter, they kept shouting that they wanted peace; indeed they struck Judge Roffrid and Abbot Paroald with swords.

[1133.14.3] Mira res! Quid defuncto vel ad mortem percussis pax talis proficeret? [1133.14.4] Pacem vero firmari et consolidari, armis depositis, vidimus et audivimus; et eis in plateis exeuntibus, existimabant, ut tota fere civitas dictis eorum et factis obtemperarent.

[1133.14.3] A wondrous thing! What would such a peace avail the deceased or those smitten unto death? [1133.14.4] But that peace, with arms laid down, to be made firm and consolidated, we saw and we heard; and as they were going out into the streets, they supposed that almost the whole city would obey their words and deeds.

[1133.14.5] Comestabulus autem Rolpoto tunc in civitate non aderat: iverat enim comitem Rainulphum locuturus. [1133.14.6] Confestim, spiritu fidelitatis accepto, populus omnis Beneventanus insurgens, armis celeriter assumptis, civitatem Beneventanam animose et studiose obtinuimus. [1133.14.7] Quid plura?

[1133.14.5] The Constable Rolpoto was not then present in the city: for he had gone to speak with Count Rainulf. [1133.14.6] Immediately, with a spirit of fidelity received, the whole Beneventan people, rising up and quickly taking up arms, we boldly and zealously secured the city of Benevento. [1133.14.7] What more?

Nefandos illos viros Crescentii fautores comprehendimus. [1133.14.8] Comestabulus autem prope civitatem Beneventanam adveniens, et eam turbatam et in tali ruina positam audiens, confisus in Beati Petri fidelitate civitatem ingreditur mori prius velle desiderans, quam sic inopinate civitatem destructam videret. [1133.14.9] Armis itaque acceptis, viriliter et animose cum quibusdam militibus Beneventanis secum venientibus per plateam civitatis ascendit et ad portam Summam acceleravit; invenit re vera portam ipsam firmiter clausam et a fidelibus honeste custoditam.

We apprehended those unspeakable men, the supporters of Crescentius. [1133.14.8] The Constable, however, approaching near the city of Benevento, and hearing that it was troubled and placed in such ruin, trusting in the fidelity of Blessed Peter, enters the city, desiring to wish to die first rather than to see the city thus unexpectedly destroyed. [1133.14.9] Therefore, arms having been taken up, manfully and spiritedly, with certain Beneventan soldiers coming with him, he went up along the street of the city and hastened to the Gate Summa; he found in truth that gate itself firmly closed and honorably guarded by the faithful.

[1133.14.10] Milites interea Montis Fusci cum Beneventanis, qui proiecti de civitate fuerant, foris portam Summam venerunt, ut civitatem intrarent et desideria cordis perficerent, sicut inter se tractaverant; at ubi portam ipsam clausam aspiciunt, paulisper ibi morati sunt. [1133.14.11] Fideles autem Beati Petri turrim portae Summae ascendentes milites illos, lapidibus proiectis, eiciunt et eam fideliter defendunt; nec mora, milites illi terga vertentes cursu precipiti ad suos revertuntur. [1133.14.12] Confestim comestabulus ipse portam Summam aperiri precipiens militibus armatis eos mirabiliter insequitur; qui vero timore coacti ad Montem Fuscum repedaverunt; in quorum persecutione vir quidam, nomine Ioannes Benedicti, qui Beneventanus fuerat quique cum prefato Crescentio exierat, captus est.

[1133.14.10] Meanwhile the soldiers of Mount Fuscus, together with the Beneventans who had been cast out of the city, came outside the Summa Gate, to enter the city and bring to completion the desires of the heart, as they had arranged among themselves; but when they behold that gate closed, they tarried there for a little while. [1133.14.11] But the faithful of Blessed Peter, ascending the tower of the Summa Gate, drive out those soldiers by hurling stones, and faithfully defend it; without delay, those soldiers, turning their backs, at a headlong run return to their own. [1133.14.12] Immediately the constable himself, ordering the Summa Gate to be opened, together with armed soldiers pursues them remarkably; who indeed, compelled by fear, retreated to Mount Fuscus; in the pursuit of whom a certain man, by name John son of Benedict, who had been a Beneventan and who had gone out with the aforesaid Crescentius, was captured.

[1133.14.13] Prefatus autem comestabulus civitatem reversus cum Beati Petri fidelibus curiam animose gubernavit. [1133.14.14] Quid multa? Predictum Ioannem Benedicti laqueo suspendi precepit; deinde ceteros alios proditores, quos comprehenderamus, suspendi iussit.

[1133.14.13] The aforesaid constable, however, having returned to the city, with the faithful of Blessed Peter, vigorously governed the curia. [1133.14.14] Why say more? He ordered the aforesaid John, son of Benedict, to be hanged by a noose; then he ordered the other remaining traitors, whom we had apprehended, to be hanged.

[1133.14.15] Ioannem quidem de Lepore, virum nefandae memoriae, prefati Crescentii fautorem, capite verso in foveam mergi precepit, et pedibus in altum levatis, heu miser, vitam inaudita morte finivit! [1133.14.16] His et aliis ita decursis, Beneventana civitas a turbine tanto et tempestate quievit. [1133.14.17] Quosdam preterea Beneventanos, qui in suspicione illa tenebantur, prefatus comprehendit comestabulus et vinculis alligari mandavit per comitis Rainulphi municipia.

[1133.14.15] He ordered John of Lepore, a man of nefarious memory, a supporter of the aforesaid Crescentius, to be plunged with his head turned down into a pit, and, his feet lifted on high—alas, the wretch—he ended his life by an unheard-of death! [1133.14.16] With these and other things thus run their course, the city of Benevento rested from so great a whirlwind and tempest. [1133.14.17] Moreover, certain Beneventans who were held under that suspicion the aforesaid constable seized and ordered to be bound in chains throughout the municipalities of Count Rainulf.

[1134.1.1] Anno Dominicae Incarnationis millesimo centesimo trigesimo quarto, mense Martio, duodecima indictione. [1134.1.2] Hoc anno, prefatus princeps Robertus cum duobus consulibus Pisanorum, Azzopardo videlicet et Cane, viris sapientibus, et cum aliis fere mille Pisanis ad principatum suum Capuanum revertitur, quarto kalendas Martii. [1134.1.3] Qui diligenter a magistro militum et Rainulpho comite susceptus omnia, quae cum Pisanis et Ianuensibus firmaverat, coram predicto papa Innocentio patefecit, et qualiter tria milia librarum argenti Pisanis in auxilium suum venientibus, sacramento mediante, dare deberet.

[1134.1.1] In the year of the Lord’s Incarnation 1134, in the month of March, in the twelfth indiction. [1134.1.2] In this year, the aforesaid prince Robert, with the two consuls of the Pisans, namely Azzopardo and Cane, wise men, and with almost a thousand other Pisans, returns to his Capuan principate, on the fourth day before the Kalends of March. [1134.1.3] Who, diligently received by the master of soldiers and by Count Rainulf, laid open before the aforesaid pope Innocent all the things which he had confirmed with the Pisans and the Genoese, and how, with an oath intervening, he ought to give three thousand pounds of silver to the Pisans coming to his aid.

[1134.1.4] Predictus autem magister militum et comes Rainulphus haec audientes, gaudio magno gavisi, factis omnibus a principe recitatis fidem attribuerunt; nec mora, per ecclesias Neapolitanae civitatis, et Capuanae, discursum est et pecuniam illam argenti cursu celeri congregavere. [1134.1.5] Quid plura? Thesaurum ipsum argenti ad Pisanos transmiserunt, rogantes, ut festinatione ad eorum auxilium subvenirent; in quorum comitatu Gregorium Electum cum quibusdam sacerdotibus suis mandaverunt, quatenus afflictionem Beneventanae civitatis domino papae, qui illic aderat, et Pisanis intimaret.

[1134.1.4] But the aforesaid Master of the Militia and Count Rainulf, hearing these things, rejoiced with great joy, and, all the acts having been recited by the prince, they granted credence; without delay, there was a running through the churches of the Neapolitan city and of Capua, and they gathered that money of silver with swift speed. [1134.1.5] What more? They sent that very treasury of silver to the Pisans, begging that with hastening they would come to their aid; in whose company they dispatched Gregory the Elect with certain of his priests, so that he might intimate the affliction of the city of Benevento to the lord Pope, who was present there, and to the Pisans.

[1134.2.1] Quibus ita peractis, rex Rogerius memoratus, navigiis galearum fere sexaginta paratis, Salernum pervenit; continuo galeas illas ad civitatem Neapolim debellandam mandavit; et eis applicantibus, usque ad portum Neapolis expugnatum est. [1134.2.2] Cives Neapolitani, armis acceptis, viriliter galeas illas pepulerunt; deinde castella Neapolitanorum ibi contigua depredati sunt, sicque ad regem remeaverunt.

[1134.2.1] With these things thus accomplished, the aforesaid King Roger, with nearly sixty galleys made ready, reached Salerno; immediately he dispatched those galleys to wage war against the city of Naples; and as they drew near, the place was stormed as far as the harbor of Naples. [1134.2.2] The Neapolitan citizens, having taken up arms, manfully drove off those galleys; then they plundered the castles of the Neapolitans contiguous there, and thus returned to the king.

[1134.3.1] His et aliis ita decursis, prefatus rex Rogerius, congregato exercitu Siculorum et Apulorum, Abellinum civitatem advenit. [1134.3.2] Inde, amoto exercitu, aurora surgente, castellum quoddam nomine Prata, quod erat Guidelmi de Abinalia, insilivit; castrum quidem ipsum putans fore securum, et a tanto exercitu imparatum fuerat. [1134.3.3] Quid dicam?

[1134.3.1] With these and other things thus run through, the aforesaid King Roger, having assembled an army of Sicilians and Apulians, came to the city of Abellinum. [1134.3.2] Thence, after moving the army, with dawn rising, he leapt upon a certain castle by the name Prata, which was of Guidelm of Abinalia; the castle itself, thinking it would be secure, had been unprepared for so great an army. [1134.3.3] What shall I say?

Momento uno captum est et in ore ignis et gladii consummatum; ibi milites mortuos, vulneratos et captivos audivimus. [1134.3.4] Eadem die, castrum illud Altacauda, et Gructa et Submonte, Raoni de Fraineta pertinentia, comprehendit.

In a single moment it was seized and consummated by fire and by the sword; there we heard of soldiers dead, wounded, and captives. [1134.3.4] On the same day, that castle Altacauda, and Gructa and Submonte, pertaining to Raone of Fraineta, he apprehended.

[1134.4.1] Dum haec et alia crudeli manu agerentur, Beneventanam civitatem totumque Capuanum principatum timor invasit; rogabamus itaque Salvatorem omnium, ut nobis omnibus solita pietate subveniret. [1134.4.2] Quantas autem lacrimas et voces in altum levatas Beneventanorum, Napolitanorum ac Capuanorum omniumque circumquaque habitantium, lector, si adesses, mirareris! [1134.4.3] Et crinibus solutis, misericordem Dominum invocabamus.

[1134.4.1] While these things and others were being done by a cruel hand, fear invaded the city of Benevento and the whole Principality of Capua; therefore we were beseeching the Savior of all, that he would, with his accustomed piety, come to the aid of us all. [1134.4.2] But how many tears and voices lifted on high of the Beneventans, Neapolitans, and Capuans, and of all those dwelling on every side—reader, if you had been present, you would have marveled! [1134.4.3] And with hair loosened, we invoked the merciful Lord.

[1134.4.4] Et castris illis ita comprehensis, rex ipse Rogerius revertens castra Roberti principis comprehendit, Palmam quidem et Sarnum.

[1134.4.4] And with those camps thus seized, King Roger himself, returning, seized the camps of Prince Robert, namely Palma and Sarno.

[1134.5.1] Audiens autem talem tantamque stragem et invasionem predictus comes Rainulphus, et Robertus princeps et magister militum mirabiliter mirabiliusque insiliunt, et preconis voce tubisque sonantibus civitates suas, et oppida et vicos submoverunt, ut unusquisque armipotens, omnibus eorum armis eductis, insurgeret et tali tantoque tiranno obviaret. [1134.5.2] Quid longius morer? Celorum regem testamur, milites omnes, proceres, sacerdotes, clerici, iuvenes et senes occurrunt, et mirabili prudentissimoque exercitu congregato, gaudio magno festinant, vocibus apertis dicentes: [1134.5.3] "Melius est mori in bello, quam videre mala gentis nostrae et sanctorum!". [1134.5.4] Et eis ita congregatis, apud castellum Marilianum exercitus ipse castrametatus est; ad auxilium vero eorum Rolpoto Beneventanorum comestabulus quadraginta equites et mille fere Beneventanos transmisit.

[1134.5.1] Hearing such and so great a slaughter and invasion, the aforesaid Count Rainulf, and Prince Robert and the master of soldiers marvelously and yet more marvelously leap up, and by the herald’s voice and the trumpets sounding they roused their cities, and the towns and villages, that each man mighty in arms, with all their weapons drawn forth, might rise up and go to meet and oppose such and so great a tyrant. [1134.5.2] Why should I delay longer? We call the King of the heavens to witness: soldiers all, nobles, priests, clerics, youths and elders run together, and, a wondrous and most prudent army having been gathered, with great joy they hasten, saying aloud: [1134.5.3] "It is better to die in war than to see the evils of our people and of the saints!". [1134.5.4] And, they thus assembled, by the castle Marilianum that army encamped; and to their aid indeed Ropoto, constable of the Beneventans, sent forty knights and nearly a thousand Beneventans.

[1134.5.5] Cumque prefatus rex taliter comitem Rainulphum et principem paratos persensisset, super castrum Nucerium festinavit, putans illud momento, sicut et cetera, comprehendi; et circa flumen nomine Sarnum milites et sagittarios posuit, ne comes cum suis ad eum transiret. [1134.5.6] Interea castrum illud Nucerium acerrime ab exercitu regis expugnatum est; Rogerius autem de Surrento, a principe ibi ordinatus, cum centum quinquaginta militibus, et sagittariis multis et armatis viris fidelibus nihil eorum, quae inferebantur, trepidabat et cotidie et animose castrum illud tuebatur. [1134.5.7] Quid multis?

[1134.5.5] And when the aforesaid king had perceived the count Rainulf and the prince thus prepared, he hastened against the castle Nucerium, thinking that it would be captured in a moment, just as the rest; and around the river by the name Sarnus he stationed soldiers and archers, lest the count with his own should cross over to him. [1134.5.6] Meanwhile that castle Nucerium was most fiercely assaulted by the king’s army; but Roger of Sorrento, appointed there by the prince, with one hundred and fifty soldiers, and many archers and armed faithful men, did not quail at any of the things that were being brought to bear, and both daily and spiritedly defended that castle. [1134.5.7] Why say more?

Proditione quorumdam regis amicorum castrum illud Nucerium in potestate ipsius regis datum est; deinde castrum Sarni, et Lauri et universa oppida rex ipse suae obtinuit potestati. [1134.5.8] Cumque castrum illud Lauri sic comprehensum esset, predictus princeps, et comes Rainulphus et magister militum mirabiliter turbati sunt; congregant itaque mille fere equites et multitudinem peditum copiosam, ut castrum illud Lauri de regis potestate evellant. [1134.5.9] Sed principis proceres, et comitis Rainulphi, pecunia regis accepta, auxilium eis, sicut iuraverant, inferre distulerunt; unde princeps ipse dolore commotus, Neapolim properans Pisas transfretavit; [1134.5.10] Prefatus autem comes Rainulphus baronum suorum nequitiam comprehendens, et quia tanto regi obsistere non poterat, sacramento interveniente, sub regis potestate colla submisit.

By the treachery of certain friends of the king, that castle Nucerium was given into the power of the king himself; thereafter the castle of Sarno, and of Laurus, and all the towns the king himself brought under his own power. [1134.5.8] And when that castle of Laurus had thus been taken, the aforesaid prince, and Count Rainulf and the master of the soldiery were marvelously disturbed; they therefore gather nearly a thousand knights and a copious multitude of footmen, that they might tear that castle of Laurus from the king’s power. [1134.5.9] But the nobles of the prince and of Count Rainulf, having accepted the king’s money, deferred to bring them aid, as they had sworn; whence the prince himself, moved by grief, hastening to Naples, crossed over to Pisa; [1134.5.10] The aforesaid Count Rainulf, however, grasping the wickedness of his barons, and because he could not withstand so great a king, with an oath intervening, bowed his neck under the king’s power.

[1134.6.1] Audiens autem Rolpoto Beneventanus comestabulus comitem illum Rainulphum ad regis imperium pervenisse, animo consternatus die kalendarum Iulii de civitate Beneventana exiens Neapolim ingressus est; quem comestabulum mille et eo amplius Beneventanorum secuti sunt. [1134.6.2] Triduo autem post, comestabulus ipse Rolpoto timore perculsus, navigio parato, ne in manus regis traderetur, cum quibusdam fidelibus suis et duobus filiis Pisas festinavit. [1134.6.3] Et eis navigantibus, iudicio Dei superveniente, navis illa confringitur, et sic ipse cum uno filio suo et duobus fidelibus suis inter procellas maris mortui sunt: alter vero filius evasit.

[1134.6.1] Hearing that that Count Rainulf had come to the king’s command, Rolpoto the Beneventan constable, consternated in spirit, on the day of the Kalends of July, went out from the city of Benevento and entered Naples; whom more than 1,000 Beneventans followed. [1134.6.2] But three days later, the constable himself, Rolpoto, smitten with fear, with a ship made ready, lest he be handed over into the king’s hands, hastened to Pisa with certain of his faithful and his two sons. [1134.6.3] And as they were sailing, with the judgment of God supervening, that ship is shattered, and thus he, with one of his sons and two of his faithful, died amid the tempests of the sea: but the other son escaped.

[1134.7.1] Rex autem, comite illo accepto, Capuam, et Aversam et totum principatum comprehendens, Salernum adivit, et ibi non multis diebus commorans victorque effectus Siciliam repedavit. [1134.7.2] Pontifex autem sub Anacleti nomine coloratus, cursu rapido Beneventum venit, et civitatem illam ipsius regis virtute suae obtinuit voluntati et domos quorumdam Beneventanorum destrui precepit. [1134.7.3] Princeps preterea a papa Innocentio, qui Pisis aderat, honorifice suscipitur et ibi usque in mense Martio permansit.

[1134.7.1] The king, however, with that count received, encompassing Capua and Aversa and the whole principality, went to Salerno, and there, not lingering many days and having become victor, he marched back to Sicily. [1134.7.2] The Pontiff, moreover, colored under the name of Anacletus, came to Beneventum at a rapid pace, and by the power of that same king brought that city under his own will, and he ordered the houses of certain Beneventans to be destroyed. [1134.7.3] The prince, furthermore, was honorably received by Pope Innocent, who was present at Pisa, and he remained there until the month of March.

[1135.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo trigesimo quinto Dominicae Incarnationis, et sexto anno pontificatus domini Innocentii, mense Martio, tertia decima indictione. [1135.1.2] Hoc anno, princeps ipse, septimo die stante mensis Aprilis, cum viginti navigiis Neapolim venit et comprehendit Aversam, et Cucculum; quibus comprehensis Neapolim princeps ipse revertitur et ibi immoratus est cum Pisanis ipsis. [1135.1.3] Eodem anno, prefatus comes Rainulphus venit Neapolim cum quatringentis militibus et civitates suas et oppida dimisit.

[1135.1.1] In the year 1135 of the Lord’s Incarnation, and in the 6th year of the pontificate of lord Innocent, in the month of March, in the 13th indiction. [1135.1.2] In this year, the prince himself, on the 7th day of the month of April, came to Naples with 20 ships and seized Aversa and Cucculum; these having been seized, the prince himself returns to Naples and remained there with the Pisans themselves. [1135.1.3] In the same year, the aforesaid count Rainulph came to Naples with 400 soldiers and abandoned his cities and towns.

[1135.2.1] His ita peractis, prefatus rex medio mense Iunio venit Salernum, et exercitum congregavit, et super Aversam perrexit et eam igne ferroque est depopulatus, et bona eorum diripuit. [1135.2.2] Cumque rex ipse stragem illam fecisset, super Neapolim venit et diebus novem eam obsedit, sed populus civitatis et princeps nihil ex hoc trepidabant; rex autem civitatem illam capere non posse aspiciens eam dimisit, et Aversam perrexit et eam reedificari precepit.

[1135.2.1] With these things thus accomplished, the aforesaid king came to Salerno in the middle of the month of June, and he gathered an army, and he went against Aversa and laid it waste with fire and iron, and he plundered their goods. [1135.2.2] And when the king himself had made that slaughter, he came against Naples and for nine days he besieged it, but the people of the city and the prince were not trembling at all on account of this; but the king, seeing that he could not take that city, left it, and he went on to Aversa and ordered it to be rebuilt.

[1135.3.1] His ita decursis, prefatus populus Pisanorum cum aliis viginti navigiis, quae supervenerunt, civitatem Amalfitanam pergunt, et eam comprehenderunt et eius bona universa diripiunt; sicque divitiis multis locupletati Pisas redeunt simul cum principe. [1135.3.2] Rex autem Pisanorum exercitum reverti deprehendens iterum Neapolim obsedit; cumque die quodam, in festivitate Nativitatis Sanctae Mariae, rex ipse navale bellum cum Neapolitanis incipere vellet, en subito tempestas affuit et omnes naves illas divisit, ita quod in profundum mergi putarent; et sic ad portum Puteolanum revertuntur. [1135.3.3] Tunc rex videns neque mari neque terra contra civitatem agere, navigia illa reverti precepit et ipse Salernum repedavit; deinde Siciliam ingressus est.

[1135.3.1] With these things thus run through, the aforesaid people of the Pisans, with another twenty ships which had come up, proceed to the Amalfitan city, and they seized it and plunder all its goods in their entirety; and thus enriched with many riches they return to Pisa together with the prince. [1135.3.2] The king, however, perceiving the army of the Pisans to be returning, again besieged Naples; and when on a certain day, on the feast of the Nativity of Saint Mary, the king himself wished to begin a naval battle with the Neapolitans, lo, suddenly a tempest was at hand and scattered all those ships, so that they thought they would be sunk into the deep; and thus they return to the Puteolan harbor. [1135.3.3] Then the king, seeing that neither by sea nor by land he could act against the city, ordered those ships to return and he himself marched back to Salerno; then he entered Sicily.

[1135.4.1] Cumque Robertus princeps Pisas reverteretur, consilio domini papae Innocentii, simul cum domino Girardo cardinali et Riccardo, comitis Rainulphi germano, ad gloriosum Lotharium imperatorem festinavit. [1135.4.2] Qui honorifice ab ipso imperatore suscipiuntur et ei, qualiter principatum suum perdidisset, lacrimis multis intimavit; precatur etiam, ut pro amore domini papae sibi succurreret, et quod iniuste perdiderat, reintegraret. [1135.4.3] Imperator itaque, muneribus multis ei datis, promisit se ipso anno venturum ad Romanae Sedis libertatem et eiusdem principis restitutionem; et sic princeps ipse reversus domino papae Innocentio cuncta narravit.

[1135.4.1] And when Prince Robert was returning to Pisa, by the counsel of lord Pope Innocent, together with lord Gerard the cardinal and Richard, the brother-german of Count Rainulf, he hastened to the glorious Emperor Lothar. [1135.4.2] They are honorably received by the emperor himself, and he made known to him with many tears how he had lost his principate; he also beseeches that, for love of the lord pope, he would succor him, and reintegrate what he had unjustly lost. [1135.4.3] The emperor therefore, many gifts having been given to him, promised that he would come that same year for the liberty of the Roman See and the restoration of that same prince; and thus the prince himself, having returned, recounted everything to lord Pope Innocent.

[1135.5.1] Ipso anno, magister militum Pisas perrexit, ut auxilium ab Apostolico Innocentio et Pisanis inveniret; qui a Pisanis diligenter susceptus est, et promiserunt libentissime ei auxilium inferre. [1135.5.2] Sed quorumdam inimicorum consilio auxilium illud promissum destructum est; unde magister ipse militum vehementer turbatus Neapolim revertitur et civitatem suam viriliter obtinuit.

[1135.5.1] In that same year, the master of soldiers proceeded to Pisa, so that he might find help from Apostolic Innocent and the Pisans; he was diligently received by the Pisans, and they most willingly promised to bring him aid. [1135.5.2] But by the counsel of certain enemies that promised help was undone; whereupon the master of soldiers himself, greatly troubled, returned to Naples and manfully held his city.

[1136.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo trigesimo sexto Dominicae Incarnationis, et septimo anno papae Innocentii. [1136.1.2] Dum haec et multa alia agerentur, prefatus imperator Apostolico Innocentio mandavit, ut eum prestolaretur quia, Domino favente, sicut promiserat, in festivitate sancti Iacobi venire despondebat. [1136.1.3] Pontifex autem spirituali gaudio gavisus magistro militum destinavit omnia, quae imperator ei mandaverat.

[1136.1.1] In the year 1136 of the Lord’s Incarnation, and in the 7th year of Pope Innocent. [1136.1.2] While these things and many others were being transacted, the aforesaid emperor sent word to Apostolic Innocent, that he should await him because, the Lord favoring, just as he had promised, he was pledging to come on the feast of Saint James. [1136.1.3] The pontiff, moreover, rejoicing with spiritual joy, dispatched to the magister militum everything which the emperor had instructed him.

[1136.1.4] Deinde princeps ipse audiens civitatem Neapolim famis periculo urgeri, cum quinque navigiis ad eandem civitatem venit, et imperatoris adventum firmiter propalavit et cursu celeri Pisas revertitur. [1136.1.5] Continuo ad imperatorem festinans invenit eum Montes descendisse et super civitatem Cremonam castra sua posuisse; illico pedibus eius advolvitur lacrimis rogans, ut sibi exheredato subveniret.

[1136.1.4] Then the prince himself, hearing that the city Naples was being pressed by the peril of famine, came with five ships to that same city, and he firmly proclaimed the emperor’s arrival, and with swift course returns to Pisa. [1136.1.5] At once, hastening to the emperor, he found him to have descended the Mountains and to have pitched his camp over the city of Cremona; immediately he falls at his feet, begging with tears that he would come to the aid of him, disinherited.

[1136.2.1] Interea ad tantam famis asperitatem civitas pervenit Neapolitana, quod infantes multi, pueri, adolescentes, iuvenes, senes etiam utriusque sexus per civitatis plateas et domos spiritus exalabant. [1136.2.2] Sed magister militum et eius fideles, qui libertati invigilabant civitatis quique antiquorum suorum sequebantur honestatem, mori prius famis morte malebant, quam sub nefandi regis potestate colla submittere. [1136.2.3] Haec inter prefatus imperator literas suas signatas propriis legatis suis magistro militum et civibus suis destinavit, consolationis verba describens, ut fidelitatis propositum teneat quia, favente Domino, in proximo ad eius liberationem festinaret; legati vero illi coram omnibus iuraverunt imperatorem illum apud civitatem Spoletum dimisisse.

[1136.2.1] Meanwhile the Neapolitan city came to such a harshness of famine, that many infants, boys, adolescents, youths, and elders also of both sexes were breathing out their spirit through the city’s streets and houses. [1136.2.2] But the magister militum and his faithful ones, who were keeping watch for the liberty of the city and who were following the honesty of their ancestors, preferred to die first by a death of hunger, rather than to submit their necks under the power of the nefarious king. [1136.2.3] During these things the aforesaid emperor sent his sealed letters by his own legates to the magister militum and his citizens, writing words of consolation, that he should hold to the purpose of fidelity, because, the Lord favoring, shortly he would hasten to its liberation; moreover those envoys swore before all that the emperor had left him at the city of Spoleto.

[1136.2.4] Diebus autem non multis excursis, en adest legatus alius ipsius imperatoris literas suas ferens, consolationis similiter verba continentes, qui eum dimisisse apud flumen Piscariam affirmavit. [1136.2.5] Item in subsequentibus diebus alias transmisit imperator literas continentes, se in proximo venturum Apuliam, et Italiam a tanta perditione redempturum. [1136.2.6] Archiepiscopus preterea Marinus civitatis Neapolitanae, et Philippus de Acerra, civis Neapolitanus, vir prudentis ingenii, et Rainulphus comes, qui obviam imperatori dudum exierant, similiter literas suas consolationis magistro militum delegavit.

[1136.2.4] But with not many days elapsed, lo, there is present another legate of the emperor himself, bearing his letters, likewise containing words of consolation, who affirmed that he had left the emperor at the river Piscaria. [1136.2.5] Likewise, in the subsequent days the emperor sent other letters, stating that he would shortly come to Apulia, and would redeem Italy from so great a perdition. [1136.2.6] Moreover Archbishop Marinus of the city of Naples, and Philip of Acerra, a Neapolitan citizen, a man of prudent wit, and Count Rainulf, who had gone out long since to meet the emperor, likewise sent their letters of consolation to the master of the soldiers.

[1136.2.7] Literis itaque talibus acceptis, et tali suspensi Neapolitani promissione, licet fame coacti, imperatoris tamen illius expectabant adventum.

[1136.2.7] Therefore, after such letters had been received, and the Neapolitans kept in suspense by such a promise, although compelled by hunger, they nonetheless were awaiting the arrival of that emperor.

[1137.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo trigesimo septimo, et anno octavo pontificatus domini Innocentii, mense Martio, quinta decima indictione. [1137.1.2] Prefatus Apostolicus Innocentius, qui tunc Pisis morabatur, consilio communicato, de civitate Pisana exivit et apud civitatem Bitervum advenit, prefatum imperatorem allocuturus. [1137.1.3] Imperator igitur Henricum generum suum cum tribus milibus equitum ad pontificem destinavit Innocentium addens, ut Romanos fines teneat et principi Roberto principatum suum restituat; ipse vero Marcas adire disposuit.

[1137.1.1] In the year 1137, and in the 8th year of the pontificate of lord Innocent, in the month of March, in the 15th indiction. [1137.1.2] The aforesaid Apostolic Innocent, who was then staying at Pisa, counsel having been shared, departed from the city of Pisa and arrived at the city of Béziers, to address the aforesaid emperor. [1137.1.3] The emperor therefore sent Henry his son-in-law with 3,000 horsemen to Pope Innocent, adding that he should hold the Roman frontiers and restore to Prince Robert his principality; but he himself resolved to go to the Marches.

[1137.1.4] Apostolicus autem continuo Romanos fines advenit et civitatem Albanum et provinciam totam Campaniae suae obtinuit fidelitati; Romam quidem ingredi noluit, ne in Romanorum negotiis impediretur.

[1137.1.4] But the Apostolic immediately arrived at the Roman borders and secured the city of Albano and the entire province of his Campania to loyalty; he did not, indeed, wish to enter Rome, lest he be hindered in the affairs of the Romans.

[1137.2.1] Prefatus autem imperator flumen Piscariae adveniens, Pascha Domini ibi celebravit; inde flumen illud transiens civitatem Termulensem et illius provinciae comites obtinuit. [1137.2.2] Et inde, amoto exercitu, Apuliam ingreditur, et civitatem Sipontum et Montem Sancti Angeli, octavo die intrante mensis Maii, comprehendit. [1137.2.3] Tantus itaque timor totam invasit Apuliam, quod universus populus usque ad civitatem Barum ad eius imperium alligatus est.

[1137.2.1] The aforesaid emperor, arriving at the river Pescara, celebrated the Lord’s Easter there; thence crossing that river he secured the city of Termoli and the counts of that province. [1137.2.2] And from there, the army having been moved, he enters Apulia, and he seized the city of Siponto and Monte Sant’Angelo, on the eighth day as the month of May was beginning. [1137.2.3] So great a fear therefore invaded all Apulia, that the whole people even up to the city of Bari was bound to his command.

[1137.3.1] Et his actis, Apostolicus ipse ad civitatem Sancti Germani pervenit, quam suae submisit ditioni; inde Capuam veniens Roberto principi eam restituit. [1137.3.2] Et his actis, Beneventum venit predictus Apostolicus decimo kalendas Iunii et retro montem Sancti Felicis prope Beneventum cum Henrico duce, predicti imperatoris genero, castrametatus est. [1137.3.3] Continuo dominum Girardum cardinalem, virum prudentem et discretum, prope civitatem misit Beneventanam, ut cum Beneventanis loqueretur, utrum cum eo pacis firmamentum ponere vellent.

[1137.3.1] And with these things done, the Apostolic himself came to the city of Saint Germanus, which he subjected to his dominion; thence coming to Capua he restored it to Prince Robert. [1137.3.2] And with these things done, the aforesaid Apostolic came to Beneventum on the tenth day before the Kalends of June (May 23), and behind Mount of Saint Felix near Beneventum he encamped with Henry the duke, the son-in-law of the aforesaid emperor. [1137.3.3] Straightway he sent Lord Gerard the cardinal, a prudent and discreet man, near the city of Beneventum, that he might speak with the Beneventans, whether they wished to lay a surety of peace with him.

[1137.3.4] Venerunt itaque ad eum quidam de civibus Beneventanis, et cum illis satis abundeque de civitatis concordia tractaverunt; et his actis, ad dominum Apostolicum omnia, quae dicta sunt, exposuit predictus Girardus cardinalis. [1137.3.5] Alio autem die adveniente predictus Apostolicus, consilio arrepto, castra inde amovit, die videlicet sabati, et ex hac parte predicti montis Sancti Felicis transivit cum exercitu predicti ducis Henrici, et in planitie Sancti Petri Apostoli iuxta flumen Sabbati viriliter et animose castra apponi precepit. [1137.3.6] Beneventanus autem populus nihil ex his, quae fiebant, agnoscere poterat.

[1137.3.4] Accordingly there came to him certain of the citizens of Benevento, and with them they treated quite fully and abundantly about the city’s concord; and these things having been done, to the lord Apostolic the aforesaid Cardinal Girard set forth all the things that were said. [1137.3.5] But with another day arriving, the aforesaid Apostolic, having taken counsel, moved camp from there, namely on Saturday, and from this side of the aforesaid Mount Saint Felix he crossed over with the army of the aforesaid Duke Henry, and on the plain of Saint Peter the Apostle near the river Sabbato he ordered the camp to be set manfully and stoutly. [1137.3.6] But the people of Benevento could recognize nothing of these things that were being done.

[1137.3.7] Cumque taliter in predicta planitie Sancti Petri castra Apostolici et ducis illius ponerentur, fama talis tantique facti civitatem percussit Beneventanam; et Rossemannus, qui tunc preerat, Romanae Sedis adversarius, cives fere universos submovit, ut contra Apostolicum venientem insurgerent et ad eorum posse resisterent. [1137.3.8] Nec mora, predictus Girardus cardinalis vocari fecit Landulphum iudicem Beneventanum, et Lodoicum medicum et Malfridum de Grimaldo abbate, ut de pacis federe loquerentur, et civitatem domino papae Innocentio rederent: exierunt itaque viri illi vocati, et petitionibus Apostolici faventes civitatem revertuntur. [1137.3.9] Preterea, ad horam fere nonam, quidam Beneventanorum exeuntes cum Teutonicis pugnare ceperunt, putantes eis timorem inducere et eos in fugam sectari.

[1137.3.7] And when thus in the aforesaid Plain of Saint Peter the camps of the Apostolic and of that duke were being pitched, the report of such a deed and of such weight struck the city of Benevento; and Rossemannus, who then was in charge, an adversary of the Roman See, stirred up almost all the citizens, that they might rise up against the approaching Apostolic and resist to the extent of their power. [1137.3.8] Without delay, the aforesaid Cardinal Girard caused to be summoned Landulf the Beneventan judge, and Lodovic the physician, and Malfrid, son of Grimaldus the abbot, that they might speak of a covenant of peace and render the city to lord Pope Innocent: therefore those men who were called went out, and, favoring the petitions of the Apostolic, return to the city. [1137.3.9] Moreover, at about the ninth hour, certain of the Beneventans, going out, began to fight with the Teutons (Germans), thinking to induce fear in them and to chase them into flight.

[1137.3.10] Dux vero illorum nominatus Henricus audiens Beneventanos ita super se insilire, armari suos omnes occulte precepit; et catervatim eos a castris exire disponens precepit, ut Beneventanos sic stulte et furiose exeuntes, insidiis positis, preoccuparent. [1137.3.11] Quid multis? En ex improviso leonum more frendentes Teutonici insiliunt et Beneventanos illos, qui contra eos pugnabant, usque ad pontem Maiorem in fugam convertunt.

[1137.3.10] But their duke, named Henry, hearing that the Beneventans were thus leaping upon him, ordered all his men to be armed secretly; and arranging them to go out from the camp in companies, he commanded that, with ambushes laid, they preoccupy the Beneventans so foolishly and madly going out. [1137.3.11] Why say more? Lo, unexpectedly, gnashing in the manner of lions, the Teutons spring in and turn those Beneventans who were fighting against them to flight as far as the Greater Bridge.

[1137.3.12] In fuga vero illorum quadraginta ferme capti sunt, et quidam illorum trucidati; inter quos Petrus de Populo vocatus, capite abscisso, heu miser, exalavit! [1137.3.13] Alter vero, Priscianus nomine, civitatis notarius, ibi mortuus est vulneribus multis afflictus; decem vero vulneratorum, qui de captione evaserunt, post dies quadraginta mortui sunt infra civitatem. [1137.3.14] Cumque taliter cives Benevantani capti, trucidati et morti dediti essent, timor continuo civitatem invadit Beneventi, et luctus, quod si, lector, adesses, mori cum eis putares et afflictione multa deficere.

[1137.3.12] In their flight, nearly forty were captured, and some of them were slaughtered; among whom Peter called de Populo, his head cut off—alas, poor man!—expired. [1137.3.13] Another, Priscianus by name, the notary of the city, died there, afflicted with many wounds; and ten of the wounded, who escaped capture, after forty days died within the city. [1137.3.14] And when in such a way the Beneventan citizens had been captured, butchered, and delivered to death, fear straightway invaded the city of Benevento, and mourning, so that, reader, if you were present, you would think you were dying with them and failing from much affliction.

[1137.3.15] Nocte itaque insecuta, cives, qui capti fuerant, vinculis districti sunt et alligati. [1137.3.16] Mane autem facto, die quidem dominico, ad dominum papam veniunt quidam de civibus Beneventanis, viri sapientes et discreti, qui omnia, quae Apostolicus exquisierat, assecuti sunt; continuo captivos cives Beneventanos, quos Teutonici comprehenderant, dominus Apostolicus absolvi iussit et ad propria reverti. [1137.3.17] Et sic, sacramentis firmatis, fidelitatem domino papae complures civium, qui ad ipsum pontificem exierant, iuraverunt.

[1137.3.15] Therefore, with night following, the citizens who had been captured were tightened with fetters and bound. [1137.3.16] But when morning had come, indeed on the Lord’s day, certain of the citizens of Benevento, wise and discreet men, come to the lord pope, who achieved all the things that the Apostolic had required; forthwith the lord Apostolic ordered that the captive Beneventan citizens whom the Teutons had seized be absolved and return to their own. [1137.3.17] And thus, with the oaths ratified, many of the citizens who had gone out to that pontiff swore fealty to the lord pope.

[1137.4.1] Cumque taliter sacramenta illa perficerentur, vir quidam, Iaquintus nomine, civis Beneventanus, quique per triennium exulaverat, ultionem redere de acceptis excogitans, Teutonicos omnes submovit, ut civitatem ingredientes, quot possent, caperent, et bona eorum auferrent. [1137.4.2] Qui cursu rapido, armis acceptis, insiliunt et usque portam Ruffini festinaverunt; sed quia portam illam hi, qui intrinsecus erant, firmiter clauserant, civitatem ingredi non potuere. [1137.4.3] Fama itaque tantae invasionis cum ad aures pontificis Innocentii pervenit, predictum ducem Henricum vocari mandavit, ut exercitum illum compesceret et a tali mortifera agressione illum prohibeat; confestim dux ille pervolat et totum illum exercitum ad castra reverti mandavit; sicque civitas ab eorum invasione evasit.

[1137.4.1] And when those oaths were thus being brought to completion, a certain man, by name Iaquintus, a Beneventan citizen, who for three years had lived in exile, devising to render vengeance for the injuries received, stirred up all the Teutons, that, entering the city, they might seize as many as they could and carry off their goods. [1137.4.2] They, at a rapid run, having taken up arms, leap forward and hastened as far as the Gate of Ruffinus; but because those who were within had firmly shut that gate, they could not enter the city. [1137.4.3] Therefore, when the report of so great an incursion came to the ears of Pontiff Innocent, he ordered that the aforesaid Duke Henry be summoned, that he restrain that army and forbid it from such deadly aggression; immediately that duke speeds forth and ordered the whole army to return to camp; and thus the city escaped their invasion.

[1137.4.4] Iaquintus vero ille per clavicam, quae Sancti Renati vocatur, ingrediens, cum quibusdam consociis suis ad Sacrum palatium curiae festinans perrexit et Crescentium cardinalem, pontificis Innocentii adversarium, qui tunc ibi occultabat, comprehendit; nec mora, per plateam illum ducentes ad dominum papam captivum illum transmiserunt. [1137.4.5] Deinde in eadem platea Bernardum, qui comes Palatii vocabatur, eiusdem pontificis contrarium, Iaquintus ille invenit; quem, audacia assumpta, capere conatus est, quatenus eum in captionem predicti Apostolici delegaret. [1137.4.6] Qui Bernardus videns se sic turpiter capi, quibusdam sociis suis secum equitantibus exclamavit, ut quantocius succurant et eum a tanta captione eripiant; qui statim, ensibus evaginatis, Iaquintum illum feriunt, et plagis crudeli manu impositis, terratenus illum de equo prosternunt; et sic Bernardus ille a captione illa liberatur.

[1137.4.4] That Iaquintus, however, entering through the wicket which is called Saint Renatus, hastened on with certain of his associates to the Sacred palace of the curia and seized Cardinal Crescentius, an adversary of Pope Innocent, who was then hiding there; without delay, leading him through the street, they sent him, a captive, to the lord pope. [1137.4.5] Then in the same street Bernard, who was called the Count of the Palace, an opponent of the same pontiff, that Iaquintus found; whom, audacity assumed, he tried to capture, so that he might deliver him into the captivity of the aforesaid Apostolic. [1137.4.6] Which Bernard, seeing himself thus shamefully taken, cried out to certain of his comrades riding with him that they should succor him with all speed and snatch him from so great a capture; who immediately, their swords drawn, strike that Iaquintus, and, blows laid on with a cruel hand, cast him down to the ground from his horse; and thus that Bernard is freed from that capture.

[1137.4.7] Invadit igitur civitatem totam timor mirabilis, et bonis suis oblitis, cives attoniti ruinam inauditam et depredationem metuebant. [1137.4.8] Prefatus autem Iaquintus ita crudeliter vulneratus ad manus quorumdam ad sororis domum perducitur, et sic novem dies sine sensu et memoria advivens mortuus est. [1137.4.9] Dominus autem Apostolicus sic illum vulneratum et mortuum suique furore taliter fuisse perductum audiens, ut erat sapientis animi et pacifici cordis, nullam cum Beneventanis, qui eum interfecerant, excitavit questionem.

[1137.4.7] Thus a remarkable fear invaded the whole city, and, their goods forgotten, the citizens, thunderstruck, feared unheard-of ruin and depredation. [1137.4.8] The aforesaid Iaquintus, so cruelly wounded, was led by the hands of certain men to his sister’s house, and so, living on for nine days without sense and memory, he died. [1137.4.9] But the Lord Apostolic, hearing that he had been thus brought, by his own fury, to be wounded and dead, as he was of a wise mind and a pacific heart, initiated no inquiry against the Beneventans who had killed him.

[1137.4.10] Rossemannus autem, qui tunc contra voluntatem ipsius Apostolici episcopus fuerat et qui civitatem violento nomine tenuerat, noctis silentio timore coactus fugiit.

[1137.4.10] Rossemannus, moreover, who had then been bishop against the will of the Apostolic himself and who had held the city under a violent title, fled in the silence of the night, compelled by fear.

[1137.5.1] Quibus omnibus ita peractis, ego predictus Falco iudex, et Roffridus iudex, et Falco abbatis Falconis, et Saductus, et Pando, et Potofridus, et Adonibezet, qui per triennium exules fueramus, cum aliis Beneventanis similiter exulibus licentia predicti pontificis ad propria reversi sumus, celestis quidem regis magnalia laudantes, qui post tribulationem et fletum exultationem inducit. [1137.5.2] Prefatus autem Apostolicus supranominatum Girardum cardinalem ad civitatem mandavit, ut fidelitatem a civibus universis acciperet; quod et factum est.

[1137.5.1] With all these things thus accomplished, I, the aforesaid Falco, judge, and Roffridus, judge, and Falco, son of Abbot Falco, and Saductus, and Pando, and Potofridus, and Adonibezet, who for three years had been exiles, together with other Beneventans likewise exiles, by the permission of the aforesaid pontiff returned to our own homes, praising the great works (magnalia) of the heavenly king, who after tribulation and weeping brings in exultation. [1137.5.2] The aforesaid Apostolic, moreover, sent the above-named Gerard the cardinal to the city, that he might from all the citizens receive fealty; which also was done.

[1137.6.1] His omnibus ita evolutis, pontifex Innocentius, sacramentis fidelitatis acceptis, consilio habito, iter arripuit octavo kalendas Iunii, ut ad imperatorem nominatum festinaret. [1137.6.2] Veniens autem ante portam Summam, populum civitatis, qui eum ibi prestolabatur, pontifex ipse taliter allocutus est: [1137.6.3] "Gratias vobis agimus, fratres et domini, quia corde hilari et voluntate sincera fidelitatem nobis peregistis. [1137.6.4] Rogo itaque fraternitatem vestram, et probitatem, ut pacem teneatis et constantiam iustitiae inter vos; nam, vita comite, dignam vobis retributionem impendemus.

[1137.6.1] With all these things thus unfolded, Pope Innocent, the sacraments of fealty having been received and counsel having been held, set out on the journey on the eighth day before the Kalends of June, that he might hasten to the named emperor. [1137.6.2] Coming, moreover, before the Summa Gate, the people of the city, who were awaiting him there, the pontiff himself addressed thus: [1137.6.3] "We give thanks to you, brothers and lords, because with a cheerful heart and sincere will you have rendered fealty to us. [1137.6.4] Therefore I ask your fraternity and probity, that you keep peace and the constancy of justice among you; for, life as companion, we will bestow upon you a fitting recompense.

[1137.6.5] Civitatem vero intrare modo non possumus pro multis variisque negotiis, quae cum domino imperatore definienda decrevi; et his divina clementia definitis, ad vos revertemur et de civitatis utilitate tractabimus. [1137.6.6] Nunc vero predictum fratrem nostrum Girardum cardinalem vobiscum morari permittimus, qui erga vestras utilitates assidue invigilabit et pacem inter vos continebit". [1137.6.7] Haec et his similia pontifex ipse cum allocutus est, iter ceptum arripiens ad predictum imperatorem tetendit Lotharium, quem super civitatem Barensem eam acriter obsidentem invenit. [1137.6.8] Cardinalis igitur nominatus Girardus iussu predicti Apostolici in civitate Beneventana moratus est; confestim Sacrum Beneventanum palatium ascendens civitatis utilitates, pace data circumquaque, operabatur; inter ceteras eius dispositiones precipue pacem tenendam viribus totis ore et corde predicabat.

[1137.6.5] Truly to enter the city just now we cannot, on account of many and various negotiations, which I have decreed are to be defined with the lord emperor; and when these have been defined by divine clemency, we will return to you and will treat concerning the utility of the city. [1137.6.6] Now indeed we permit our aforesaid brother Gerard the cardinal to remain with you, who will assiduously keep watch toward your utilities and will maintain peace among you". [1137.6.7] When the pontiff himself had spoken these and similar things, taking up the begun journey he made for the aforesaid emperor Lothar, whom he found over the city of Bari, vigorously besieging it. [1137.6.8] Therefore the named cardinal Gerard, by the order of the aforesaid Apostolic, remained in the Beneventan city; forthwith ascending the Sacred Beneventan Palace he worked at the city’s utilities, with peace granted all around; among his other dispositions he especially preached, with all his forces, by mouth and heart, that peace be kept.

[1137.6.9] Prius vero quam Apostolicus de civitate discederet, Octavianum subdiaconum, virum prudentem et sapientis animi, rectorem Beneventi ordinavit; qui simul cum domino Girardo statum civitatis et pacis firmamentum studiose regebat.

[1137.6.9] But before the Apostolic departed from the city, he appointed Octavian, a subdeacon, a prudent man and of a wise mind, as rector of Benevento; who, together with Lord Girard, diligently governed the state of the city and the bulwark of peace.

[1137.7.1] Cumque pontifex ipse apud imperatorem pervenisset cum prefato duce Henrico, honore mirabili et gaudio ab imperatore suscipitur. [1137.7.2] Deinde Barensis populus castellum civitatis, quod pro eorum afflictione rex Rogerius fabricari iusserat valde terribile et munitum, expugnaverunt; sicque per quadraginta dies illud obsidentes cum Teutonicorum auxilio virtute multa castellum illud comprendeherunt et terratenus prostraverunt. [1137.7.3] Custodes vero castelli, quia iam amplius illud defendere non potuerant, capti, et trucidati et in mari precipitati sunt.

[1137.7.1] And when the pontiff himself had arrived at the emperor with the aforesaid Duke Henry, he is received by the emperor with wondrous honor and joy. [1137.7.2] Then the people of Bari assailed the castle of the city, which King Roger had ordered to be constructed for their affliction, very terrible and well-fortified; and so, besieging it for forty days with the aid of the Teutons, with much valor they seized that castle and leveled it to the ground. [1137.7.3] But the keepers of the castle, because they could no longer defend it, were captured, slaughtered, and hurled into the sea.

[1137.7.4] Sicque de tali tantaque victoria tota Italia, et Calabria Siciliaque intonuit et regi celorum gratias agens, de tanti tiranni gutture eripi gaudebat; inde maritima omnis usque ad Tarentum et Calabriam ad imperatoris fidelitatem alligari satagebat. [1137.7.5] Cumque castellum illud Barense taliter comprehensum est, super civitatem Melfium Apostolicus et imperator venerunt et eam viriliter obsidentes, diebus non multis elapsis, comprehenderunt et suae obtinuerunt fidelitati.

[1137.7.4] And so, of such and so great a victory all Italy, and Calabria and Sicily, resounded, and giving thanks to the King of the heavens, rejoiced to be snatched from the throat of so great a tyrant; thence all the maritime region as far as Taranto and Calabria was striving to be bound to the emperor’s fidelity. [1137.7.5] And when that Bari castle was thus taken, upon the city of Melfi the Apostolic and the emperor came, and, besieging it manfully, with not many days elapsed, they seized it and obtained it to their own fidelity.

[1137.8.1] Haec inter Pisanorum exercitus, sicut iuraverat, centum navigiis armatis civitatem pervenit Neapolitanam. [1137.8.2] Nec mora, iussu predicti imperatoris super civitatem Amalfitanam festinat, excogitans igne ferroque eam depopulari; cives autem Amalfitani, consilio salutis invento, pecunia multa data, ad imperatoris et Pisanorum permansit fidelitatem. [1137.8.3] Inde super Rabellum et Scalam properantes eas invadunt, et universa eorum bona diripientes in ore ignis et gladii eas consummunt; viros quoque, et mulieres cum eorum parvulis captivos perducunt; sicque super tali vindicta gavisi, ultra quam credi potest, insultant.

[1137.8.1] Meanwhile the army of the Pisans, as it had sworn, with a hundred armed ships reached the Neapolitan city. [1137.8.2] Without delay, by order of the aforesaid emperor it hastens against the Amalfitan city, devising to depopulate it by fire and by the sword; but the Amalfitan citizens, having found a counsel of salvation, with much money given, remained in fidelity to the emperor and the Pisans. [1137.8.3] Thence, hurrying against Ravello and Scala, they assault them, and, plundering all their goods, they consume them by fire and sword; they also lead men and women with their little ones away captive; and thus, rejoicing over such vengeance beyond what can be believed, they exult.

[1137.9.1] Interim prefatus imperator et Apostolicus civitatem dimisit Melfium, et civitatis Potentiae fines descendit; ibi iuxta fluenta de Lacu Pesele per dies fere triginta moratur. [1137.9.2] Inde universa Apuliae oppida et civitates ad suum imperium alligavit.

[1137.9.1] Meanwhile the aforesaid emperor and the Apostolic left the city of Melfi, and descended to the borders of the city of Potenza; there, beside the streams from Lake Pesele, they stayed for nearly 30 days. [1137.9.2] From there he bound all the towns and cities of Apulia to his dominion.

[1137.10.1] Et his actis, mandavit imperator, ut Pisanorum exercitus Salernum obsideat; precepit quoque Roberto principi et magistro militum Neapolitanorum, ut viribus totis et armis simul cum Pisanis eandem Salernitanam obsiderent civitatem; quod et factum est quinto decimo kalendas Augusti. [1137.10.2] Super etiam Rainulphum comitem, quem affectione multa secum detinebat, mille Teutonicorum viris ei datis, super civitatem ipsam Salernum destinavit; quibus ita convenientibus prope muros obsederunt. [1137.10.3] In civitate illa re vera quatringenti milites aderant, qui civitati invigilantes Pisanos et principem suosque omnes cotidie expugnabant.

[1137.10.1] And these things having been done, the emperor ordered that the army of the Pisans lay siege to Salerno; he also commanded Robert the prince and the master of soldiers of the Neapolitans that, with all their forces and arms, together with the Pisans they should besiege that same Salernitan city; which also was done on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of August. [1137.10.2] Moreover, upon Count Rainulf, whom he was keeping with himself with much affection, a thousand men of the Teutons having been given to him, he dispatched against the city Salerno itself; and when they had thus assembled, they besieged it near the walls. [1137.10.3] In that city in very truth there were present four hundred soldiers, who, keeping watch for the city, were every day driving back the Pisans and the prince and all their men.

[1137.10.4] Quadam itaque die, sicut accepimus, certatum adinvicem validissime est inter eos, et de militibus illis Rogerii Siculorum captivi ducti sunt et alligati. [1137.10.5] Consules preterea Pisanorum civitatis constantiam aspicientes, quia talis tantaque caterva militum intererat, consilio communicato, lignorum machinam mirabiliter mirabiliusque excelsam, et ultra quam credi potest, terribilem construi summaque cum festinatione levari mandaverunt; unde factum est, quod populus civitatis mortis periculo oppressus mortem expectabat. [1137.10.6] Audiens autem imperator civitatis Salernitanae constantiam, et quia igne ferroque Pisani eam desiderabant, consilio invento, simul cum domino Apostolico ad eandem civitatem celeriter festinavit.

[1137.10.4] So then on a certain day, as we have received, a very strong contest was waged between them, and of those soldiers of Roger of the Sicilians captives were led away and bound. [1137.10.5] Furthermore the consuls of the Pisans, beholding the city’s constancy, because such and so great a throng of soldiers was present, counsel having been shared, ordered a wooden machine wondrously and yet more wondrously lofty, and, beyond what can be believed, terrible, to be constructed, and with the utmost haste to be raised; whence it came to pass that the people of the city, pressed by the peril of death, were expecting death. [1137.10.6] But hearing of the constancy of the city of Salerno, and that with fire and iron the Pisans were desiring it, the emperor, counsel having been found, together with the lord Apostolic hastened swiftly to that same city.

[1137.10.7] Sequenti igitur die sapientes civitatis ad ipsum imperatorem venere, et pactis intervenientibus, civitatem ipsam suo imperio submiserunt. [1137.10.8] Quidam vero militum illorum, securitate accepta, licentiam exeundi impetrarunt; quidam vero et predicti Rogerii proceres ad Turrem Maiorem, quae super civitatem erat, confugerunt; sicque civitas ipsa in gaudium conversa sub tali tantoque imperio exultabat. [1137.10.9] Audiens autem populus Pisanorum civitatem Salerni sine eorum consilio et voluntate ab imperatore captam fuisse, mirabiliter contristati sunt, et furore arrepto, machinam lignorum factam combusserunt, et paratis navigiis, Pisas regredi disponebant; sed Apostolici Innocentii precibus et promissionibus coacti ad imperatoris voluntatem reversi sunt; sicque castrum illud Turris Maioris pro eorum discordia dimissum est.

[1137.10.7] Therefore on the following day the wise men of the city came to the emperor himself, and, terms intervening, they submitted that city to his dominion. [1137.10.8] But certain of those soldiers, having received security, obtained leave to go out; and certain indeed, even the nobles of the aforesaid Roger, fled to the Greater Tower, which was above the city; and thus the city itself, turned into joy, exulted under such and so great an empire. [1137.10.9] But when the people of the Pisans heard that the city of Salerno had been taken by the emperor without their counsel and will, they were wonderfully grieved, and, seized with fury, they burned the wooden machine that had been made, and, with the ships made ready, they were disposing to return to Pisa; but, constrained by the prayers and promises of Innocent the Apostolic, they returned to the emperor’s will; and thus that fortress of the Greater Tower was left on account of their discord.

[1137.11.1] His ita peractis, prefatus imperator et Apostolicus castra inde amoventes Abellinum venerunt; deinde Beneventum et iuxta fluvium Caloris ex hac parte Ubiani ad ecclesiam Sancti Stephani castrametati sunt, secundo die stante mensis Augusti. [1137.11.2] Cum autem Abellinum venisset, Apostolicus ipse Innocentius ducem ad defensionem Apuliae ordinare nomine suo satagebat; imperator vero nomine suo et memoria contra voluntatem Apostolici ordinare volebat; unde factum est, ut per triginta fere dies adinvicem discordatum est: sed sapientum consilio communicato, discordia talis destructa est. [1137.11.3] Quid multa?

[1137.11.1] These things thus accomplished, the aforesaid emperor and the Apostolic, removing their camp from there, came to Abellinum; then to Beneventum, and near the river Calor, on this side of Ubianus, they encamped at the church of Saint Stephen, on the second day of the month of August. [1137.11.2] But when he had come to Abellinum, Apostolic Innocent himself was striving to appoint, in his own name, a duke for the defense of Apulia; the emperor, however, wished to appoint in his own name and memory, against the will of the Apostolic; whence it came to pass that for nearly thirty days there was discord between them; but, the counsel of the wise having been shared, such discord was destroyed. [1137.11.3] Why say more?

Divina favente clementia et ipso imperatore favente omnibusque suis, predictus Apostolicus nomine suo ad Beati Petri fidelitatem comitem Rainulphum, virum utique prudentem et discretum, in ducem elegit; et eo electo, vexillum ad honorem ducatus Apostolicus et imperator in conspectu omnium ei tradiderunt et confirmaverunt. [1137.11.4] Unde nemo tempore isto viventium recordari potuerit tali letitia et honore ducem aliquem fuisse electum.

With divine clemency favoring, and the emperor himself favoring, and all his, the aforesaid Apostolic, in his own name, to the fealty of Blessed Peter chose Count Rainulf—a man indeed prudent and discreet—as duke; and, he having been elected, the Apostolic and the emperor, in the sight of all, handed over and confirmed to him the standard to the honor of the duchy. [1137.11.4] Whence no one of those living at this time could recall that any duke had been elected with such joy and honor.

[1137.12.1] Cumque taliter in predicto loco castrametati sunt, triduo post, die videlicet kalendarum Septembris, imperatrix nomine Florida, militibus fere centum assumptis, ad ecclesiam Beati Bartholomei Apostoli venit portam Auream ingrediens, et Missarum solemnia ibi audiens pallium quoddam super altare Beati Bartholomei et libram unam argenti obtulit. [1137.12.2] Prae gaudio vero Beneventanus populus utriusque sexus, et quia per innumera annorum curricula imperatricem sive imperatorem non vidimus, cursu precipiti ad ipsam intuendam imperatricem ex omni parte civitatis festinavimus; et gratias Deo agentes exultavimus, quia quod patres, avi, proavi videre non potuerunt, temporibus nostris vidimus. [1137.12.3] Et basilicam ipsam Beati Bartholomei egrediens per mediam plateam civitatis ascendit et per portam Summam exiens ad exercitum suum remeavit.

[1137.12.1] And when they had thus encamped in the aforesaid place, three days later, namely on the day of the Kalends of September, the empress by name Florida, having taken about one hundred soldiers, came to the church of the Blessed Apostle Bartholomew, entering the Golden Gate, and, hearing the solemnities of the Mass there, she offered a certain pallium upon the altar of Blessed Bartholomew and one pound of silver. [1137.12.2] For joy indeed the Beneventan people of both sexes, and because through countless courses of years we had not seen an empress or an emperor, with a headlong run we hastened from every part of the city to behold the empress herself; and giving thanks to God we exulted, because what fathers, grandfathers, and great-grandfathers could not see, in our times we saw. [1137.12.3] And going out from that very basilica of Blessed Bartholomew she ascended through the middle street of the city and, going out through the Summa Gate, returned to her army.

[1137.13.1] Triduo autem post ipsius imperatricis adventum, prefatus Apostolicus Beneventanam civitatem intravit et a clero et populo universo honorifice susceptus est. [1137.13.2] Altera autem die adveniente, in Sacro Beneventano palatio sedens in conspectu cleri et populi Beneventani clamavit ut, si quis contra personam sive electionem Gregorii Beneventani Electi canonice et rationabiliter opponere vellet, libera fronte opponeret; sed clementia divina opitulante, et quia Electus ipse vitam suam religiose custodierat, nemo civium contra eius electionem obiecit. [1137.13.3] Apostolicus itaque hoc aspiciens gratias Deo egit et ipse de persona et vita Electi testificatus est honeste et religiose; et eidem Electo precepit, ut de peccatis suis confiteretur, et die dominico adveniente, Spiritu Sancto cooperante, consecrationem acciperet.

[1137.13.1] Three days, moreover, after the arrival of the empress, the aforesaid Apostolic entered the Beneventan city and was honorably received by the clergy and the whole people. [1137.13.2] But when the next day arrived, sitting in the Sacred Beneventan palace in the sight of the clergy and people of Benevento, he proclaimed that, if anyone wished to oppose canonically and reasonably against the person or the election of Gregory, the Beneventan Elect, he should oppose with an open brow; but, with divine clemency aiding, and because the Elect himself had kept his life religiously, none of the citizens objected against his election. [1137.13.3] Therefore the Apostolic, seeing this, gave thanks to God and himself bore testimony honorably and religiously concerning the person and life of the Elect; and he commanded the same Elect to confess his sins, and, when the Lord’s Day arrived, with the Holy Spirit cooperating, to receive consecration.

[1137.13.4] Quid multis? Die adveniente dominico, Apostolicus ipse ecclesiam episcopii descendit, quinto die videlicet intrante mensis Septembris, Electum ipsum consecravit; ad cuius consecrationem patriarca interfuit Aquileiae, et complures alii archiepiscopi, episcopi et abbates Teutonicorum, viri religiosi. [1137.13.5] Lector, si interesses, re vera miratus diceres archiepiscopum quemlibet Beneventanum tanto honore et reverentia consecratum nunquam fuisse; et eo consecrato, Apostolicus ipse palatium revertitur.

[1137.13.4] In short? On the Lord’s day arriving, the Apostolic himself went down to the church of the bishopric, namely, as the fifth day of the month of September began, he consecrated the Elect himself; at whose consecration the patriarch of Aquileia was present, and numerous other archbishops, bishops, and abbots of the Teutons, religious men. [1137.13.5] Reader, if you had been present, truly, amazed, you would say that no Beneventan archbishop had ever been consecrated with such honor and reverence; and he having been consecrated, the Apostolic himself returned to the palace.

[1137.14.1] His ita peractis, iudices et sapientes civitatis eundem dominum papam precantur, quatenus apud imperatorem intercederet, ut de antiqua afflictione, quam civitas longe lateque perpessa est, imperator ipse Beneventanos liberaret: videlicet de vinearum fidantiis, et angariis, terratico et de omnibus reditionibus, quas Normandis redere soliti sunt: [1137.14.2] "Quoniam quidem nos et patres nostri, avi et proavi Deum oravimus, ut imperatoris adventum partibus istis largiri dignaretur, per cuius adventum libertatis vigorem, et securitatis, consequeremur, nunc vero, pater sanctissime, et quia voluntas et potestas concessa est bene nobis faciendi, lacrimis oramus, ut de tanto periculo tributorum civitatem beati Petri eripias". [1137.14.3] Apostolicus itaque pietate divina correptus super civitatis longa afflictione condolens, patriarcam Aquileiae, aliosque cardinales et Girardum specialiter cardinalem suum presbiterum, virum valde venerabilem et discretum, ad imperatorem direxit, qui foras in prefato loco castrametatus erat, expostulans, ut comiti Rogerio de Ariano preciperet eiusque baronibus, ut fidantias et omnes redditus, quos de hereditatibus Beneventanorum habere solitus erat, quietas dimitteret. [1137.14.4] Imperator itaque, precibus Apostolici acceptis, nec mora, vocari fecit prefatum comitem, ut cum baronibus suis veniret, et sacramento interveniente, petitionibus Apostolici obtemperaret. [1137.14.5] Comes itaque adveniens coram imperatore confessus est, se hoc iuravisse et confirmavisse tempore comestabuli Rolpotonis, qui pro civitate hoc petierat.

[1137.14.1] With these things thus completed, the judges and wise men of the city beseech that same lord Apostolicus, that he would intercede with the emperor, that from the ancient affliction which the city far and wide has endured, the emperor himself would free the Beneventans: namely from the pledges for vineyards, and the angaries, the land-toll, and from all the renderings which they were accustomed to render to the Normans: [1137.14.2] "Since indeed we and our fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers have prayed to God that He would deign to grant the coming of the emperor to these parts, through whose coming we might obtain the vigor of liberty and of security, now indeed, most holy father, and since the will and the power have been granted of doing good to us, with tears we pray, that from so great a peril of tributes you may snatch the city of blessed Peter." [1137.14.3] The Apostolicus therefore, seized by divine pity and grieving over the city’s long affliction, sent the Patriarch of Aquileia, and other cardinals, and Gerard in particular, his cardinal presbyter, a man very venerable and discreet, to the emperor, who was encamped outside in the aforesaid place, demanding that he command Count Roger of Ariano and his barons to leave quit the pledges and all the revenues which he was accustomed to have from the inheritances of the Beneventans. [1137.14.4] The emperor therefore, the prayers of the Apostolicus having been received, without delay caused the aforesaid count to be summoned, that he should come with his barons, and, with an oath intervening, obey the petitions of the Apostolicus. [1137.14.5] The count therefore, coming before the emperor, confessed that he had sworn this and confirmed it in the time of the constable Rolpoto, who had sought this on behalf of the city.

[1137.14.6] Denique barones, quos secum duxit, iurare coegit sicut Apostolicus exigebat: in primis Alferius Draco, et Robertus de la Marca, et Bartholomeus de Petra Pulcina, et Tadeus de la Greca, et Girardus de Lanzulino, et Sarolus de lo Tufo, et sic iuraverunt: [1137.14.7] "Iuro et promitto, quod ab hac hora in antea non queram nec queri permittam de cunctis hereditatibus Beneventanorum fidantias, angarias, terraticum, olivas, vinum, salutes, nec ullam dationem, scilicet de vineis, terris aspris, silvis, castaneetis, et ecclesiis. [1137.14.8] Et liberam facultatem tribuo in hereditatibus Beneventanorum venandi, aucupandi, et in eis et de eis quodcumque voluerint faciendi, et per hoc mercatum civitati non disturbabo nec disturbari consentio. [1137.14.9] Haec omnia attendam bona fide sine fraude". [1137.14.10] Et taliter eis iurantibus, precepit imperator, ut alios suos barones Montis Fusci vocaret ad iddem sacramentum faciendum.

[1137.14.6] Finally, he compelled the barons whom he had brought with him to swear as the Apostolic demanded: in the first place Alferius Draco, and Robertus de la Marca, and Bartholomeus de Petra Pulcina, and Tadeus de la Greca, and Girardus de Lanzulino, and Sarolus de lo Tufo, and thus they swore: [1137.14.7] "I swear and I promise, that from this hour henceforward I will not seek nor permit to be sought from all the inheritances of the Beneventans sureties, angaries, ground-rent, olives, wine, salutes, nor any exaction, namely from vineyards, rough lands, woods, chestnut-groves, and churches. [1137.14.8] And I grant free faculty in the inheritances of the Beneventans of hunting, fowling, and in them and from them of doing whatever they will, and by this I will not disturb the city’s market nor do I consent that it be disturbed. [1137.14.9] All these things I will observe in good faith without fraud". [1137.14.10] And with them swearing in such manner, the emperor ordered that he summon his other barons of Montefusco to make the same sacrament.

[1137.14.11] Quibus actis, prefatus Girardus cardinalis cum sapientibus civitatis omnia haec domino papae retulerunt: hoc sacramentum factum est sexto die intrante mensis Septembris. [1137.14.12] Altera autem die idem Girardus cardinalis cum iudicibus ad imperatorem tetendit, ut ab ipso comite et suis baronibus sacramentum huiusmodi acciperet. [1137.14.13] Comes vero Rogerius sacramentum illud facere noluit, confitens se tempore preterito illud fecisse; suos vero barones de Monte Fusco iurare precepit: videlicet Raonem de lo Tufo, Accardum, Gemundum, Eternum, Onfridum ceterosque, qui circa Beneventum fidantias accipiebant.

[1137.14.11] With these things done, the aforesaid Cardinal Girard, together with the wise men of the city, reported all this to the lord pope: this oath was made on the sixth day as the month of September was beginning. [1137.14.12] But on the next day the same Cardinal Girard with the judges made his way to the emperor, to receive such an oath from the count himself and his barons. [1137.14.13] Count Roger, however, was unwilling to take that oath, confessing that he had done it in time past; but he ordered his barons of Montefusco to swear: namely Raonem de lo Tufo, Accardum, Gemundum, Eternum, Onfridum, and the others who around Benevento were receiving sureties.

[1137.14.14] Et his taliter actis, salvatori Deo et Innocentio papae gratias egimus, cuius virtute et gratia tantam consecuti sumus libertatem.

[1137.14.14] And with these things thus done, we gave thanks to God the Savior and to Pope Innocent, by whose virtue and grace we have attained so great a liberty.

[1137.15.1] Quibus ita peractis, prefatus imperator de predicto loco castra amovens viam Romam redeundi arripuit, qui ante portam Summam cum toto suo exercitu transivit; et predictus Apostolicus cum illo festinavit, nono die intrante mensis Septembris. [1137.15.2] Tunc ipse imperator castrametatus est ubi Tres Sancti nominatur; deinde Capuam petens Romam transierunt. [1137.15.3] Quid multa?

[1137.15.1] With these things thus accomplished, the aforesaid emperor, removing the camp from the aforesaid place, seized the road of returning to Rome, and he passed before the Summa Gate with his whole army; and the aforesaid Apostolic hastened with him, on the ninth day of the month of September. [1137.15.2] Then the emperor himself encamped where it is named Three Saints; then, making for Capua, they passed through to Rome. [1137.15.3] Why say more?

Imperii sui altitudinem et palatia imperator ille repedavit; Apostolicus autem Innocentius palatium Lateranense adivit.

That emperor returned to the high estate of his empire and to his palaces; but the Apostolic Innocent went to the Lateran Palace.

[1137.16.1] Audiens itaque nominatus rex Rogerius imperatorem illum viam redeundi arripuisse, exercitu convocato, Salernum venit; continuo super Nucerium veniens, suae illud obtinuit potetstati; deinde castra amovens totam terram Rainulphi comitis obtinuit. [1137.16.2] Inde procedens Capuam furore multo et tempestate comprehendit, et eam igne ferroque depopulatur; universa siquidem civitatis illius spolia et divitias partim igne partimque virtute consumi precepit; ecclesias quidem et ornamenta earum diripuit, mulieres quoque et sanctimoniales in opprobrium conversae sunt. [1137.16.3] Et his taliter evolutis, Abellinum et usque ad confinia Beneventi obtinuit.

[1137.16.1] Hearing, therefore, that the named king Roger had taken up the road of returning for that emperor, with the army convoked he came to Salerno; immediately coming upon Nocera, he brought it under his own power; then, moving the camp, he obtained all the land of Count Rainulf. [1137.16.2] Thence proceeding he seized Capua with much fury and tempest, and he ravages it with fire and iron; for he ordered all the spoils and riches of that city to be consumed partly by fire and partly by force; the churches indeed and their ornaments he plundered, women also and nuns were turned into opprobrium. [1137.16.3] And with these things thus unrolled, he secured Abellinum and up to the borders of Beneventum.

[1137.17.1] Confestim magister militum Sergius civitatis Neapolitanae ad suam convertitur fidelitatem. [1137.17.2] Deinde iudices Beneventanae civitatis cum aliis civibus regem ipsum adeuntes ad Anacleti fidelitatem et ipsius regis amorem civitatem submittunt Beneventanam, Innocentii papae fidelitatem parvipendentes.

[1137.17.1] Immediately Sergius, master of soldiers of the Neapolitan city, is turned back to his own fealty. [1137.17.2] Then the judges of the Beneventan city, together with other citizens, approaching the king himself, submit the Beneventan city to the fidelity of Anacletus and to the love of the king himself, making little account of the fidelity of Pope Innocent.

[1137.18.1] Et his actis, convocato exercitu, civitatem Beneventanam applicuit, et ante portam Summam medio mense Octobris transiens ad Montem Sarclum festinavit, quod suae obtinuit potestati. [1137.18.2] Et inde procedens super civitatem comitis Riccardi cursu volucri properavit, quam comes ille dimittens ad ducem confugit Rainulphum; sicque civitatem illam suae voluntati alligavit. [1137.18.3] Inde Montem Corvinum capiens in ore ignis et gladii illud consumi precepit, et spolia eius diripuit.

[1137.18.1] And these things having been done, with the army convoked, he approached the Beneventan city, and, passing before the Summa Gate in the middle of the month of October, he hastened to Mount Sarclum, which he brought under his own power. [1137.18.2] And thence proceeding upon the city of Count Richard he hurried with a winged course, which that count, abandoning, fled to Duke Rainulf; and thus he bound that city to his will. [1137.18.3] Thence taking Monte Corvino, by fire and sword he ordered it to be consumed, and he plundered its spoils.

[1137.18.4] Dux igitur Rainulphus memoratus audiens regem illum ob eius confusionem Apuliam fuisse ingressum et eius desolationem cotidie tractare, Barensem populum et Tranensem, Troianum et Melfiensem et mille quingentos milites congregavit, affirmans prius morti velle succumbere, quam vitam ducere infelicem; et taliter dux ille paratus prope regis exercitum adivit.

[1137.18.4] Therefore Duke Rainulf, hearing that that king had entered Apulia for his confusion and was daily contriving its desolation, gathered the people of Bari and of Trani, of Troia and of Melfi, and one thousand five hundred soldiers, affirming that he would rather first succumb to death than lead an unhappy life; and thus that duke, prepared, went near to the king’s army.

[1137.19.1] Interea abbas de Clara Valle, vir valde mirabilis et discretus, qui ad regem illum venerat pro tanti dissidii infestatione sedanda, inter regem illum et ducem pacis federa alligare conatur. [1137.19.2] Sed pro multis variisque negotiis, quae inter eos querebantur, apud salvatoris Dei potentiam nondum complacuit concordia alligari.

[1137.19.1] Meanwhile the abbot of Clairvaux, a man very marvelous and discreet, who had come to that king for the assuaging of the infestation of so great a dissension, endeavors to bind treaties of peace between that king and the duke. [1137.19.2] But on account of the many and various matters which were being disputed between them, before the power of God the Savior it had not yet pleased that concord be bound.

[1137.20.1] Quid plura? Rex ipse exercitum suum divisit et ad bellandum illum viriliter stabilivit; similiter et dux ille suos omnes sapienter ordinavit. [1137.20.2] Primum quidem regis acies ordinata agreditur et inter ducis armatos intravit; illico acies illa regis prosternitur.

[1137.20.1] What more? The king himself divided his army and manfully stabilized it for battle; similarly that duke wisely ordered all his own. [1137.20.2] First indeed the king’s ordered battle-line attacks and entered among the duke’s armed men; immediately that battle-line of the king is prostrated.

[1137.20.3] Rex autem, qui cum aliis aciebus suis armatis inerat, Dei adveniente iudicio, timore perculsus ipse primum terga vertens in fugam conversus est. [1137.20.4] Sicque universa regis congregatio cursu precipiti confugit, dimissis omnibus divitiarum suarum apparatibus et tentoriis, auri argentique magnitudine infinita, quorum numerare copiam non est humanae scientiae. [1137.20.5] Quid multa?

[1137.20.3] But the king, who was present with his other armed battle-lines, with the judgment of God arriving, struck with fear, he, the first, turning his back, was converted into flight. [1137.20.4] And so the whole congregation of the king fled at a headlong run, leaving behind all the apparatus of their riches and their tents, with gold and silver of infinite magnitude, whose abundance it is not within human science to number. [1137.20.5] Why say more?

Dux ille victor effectus de regis exercitu comprehendit et occidit, omnemque illam magnitudinem divitiasque tam ipse quam populus Barensis, et Tranensis ceterique, quos rogaverat, ad propria locupletati detulerunt. [1137.20.6] Tria milia, sicut audivimus, hominum in bello illo mortua sunt: ibi Sergius magister militum Neapolitanae civitatis mortuus est, ibi Eternus de Monte Fusco, et Girardus de Lanzulino, et Sarolus de lo Tufo et complures, quorum nomina pro difficultate numerandi silentio tegimus: secundo vero die stante mensis Octobris bellum hoc actum est. [1137.20.7] Rex itaque nominatus taliter cum sequacibus suis aufugiens, noctis tempore altera quidem die ad castrum Paludis pervenit; deinde Salernum festinavit.

That duke, having become victor, apprehended and slew of the king’s army, and all that magnitude and the riches both he himself and the people of Bari and of Trani and the others whom he had asked, enriched, carried off to their own places. [1137.20.6] Three thousand, as we have heard, men died in that battle: there Sergius, magister militum of the Neapolitan city, died; there Eternus of Montefusco, and Girard of Lanzulino, and Sarolus of lo Tufo, and many, whose names, on account of the difficulty of numbering, we cover with silence: moreover on the second day of the month of October this battle was fought. [1137.20.7] The king therefore so named, fleeing thus with his followers, in the time of night on the next day indeed reached the Castle of Palude; then he hastened to Salerno.

[1137.21.1] Diebus autem non multis evolutis, Rossemannus Beneventanus antistes, consilio accepto, cum iudicibus civitatis et sapientibus quibusdam ad regem ipsum consolandum et servitia civitatis offerenda festinavit. [1137.21.2] Precatur insuper, ut libertatem possessionum Beneventanorum, quam supradictus imperator concesserat, populo Beneventano ipse largiretur. [1137.21.3] Rex igitur, precibus eorum acceptis, pro totius civitatis amore inveniendo, privilegio facto et signato, omnes fidantias et exactiones, quas soliti fuimus persolvere, condonavit; et privilegii pagina accepta, gaudio ineffabili civitatem sunt regressi Beneventanam.

[1137.21.1] But when not many days had elapsed, Rossemannus, the Beneventan prelate, having taken counsel, hastened with the judges of the city and certain wise men to console the king himself and to offer the services of the city. [1137.21.2] He further prays that he himself would grant to the Beneventan people the liberty of the possessions of the Beneventans, which the aforesaid emperor had conceded. [1137.21.3] Therefore the king, their prayers having been received, in order to find the love of the whole city, by a privilege made and sealed, remitted all sureties and exactions which we were accustomed to pay in full; and, the page of the privilege having been received, with ineffable joy they returned to the Beneventan city.

[1137.21.4] Privilegii pagina ita est continens :

[1137.21.4] The page of the privilege contains as follows :

[1137.22.1] In nomine Domini Dei salvatoris eterni Iesu Christi, Dominicae Incarnationis anno millesimo centesimo trigesimo septimo, mense Novembri, prima indictione. [1137.22.2] Ego Rogerius Dei gratia Siciliae et Italiae rex, Christianorum adiutor et clipeus, Rogerii primi comitis filius. [1137.22.3] Regalis excellentiae Nostrae provocamur liberalitate fidelibus nostris tanquam de nobis bene promeritis beneficia ampliori manu debere impendere, ut non solum fideliores inveniantur, sed ut ceteri spe retributionis adiuti in nostro servitio prontiores habeantur.

[1137.22.1] In the name of the Lord God, the eternal savior Jesus Christ, in the year of the Lord’s Incarnation 1137, in the month of November, in the 1st indiction. [1137.22.2] I, Roger, by the grace of God king of Sicily and Italy, helper and shield of the Christians, son of Roger the first count. [1137.22.3] We are moved by the liberality of Our Royal Excellence to bestow benefits with a more ample hand upon our faithful, as upon those who have well deserved of us, so that they may be found not only more faithful, but that the rest, aided by the hope of recompense, may be held more prompt in our service.

[1137.22.4] Ea propter, venerabilis Beneventane Rossemanne archiepiscope, qui semper fidelis in omnibus extitisti, petitionibus tuis, et Bernardi Beneventani comestabuli, et Beneventanorum iudicum, aliorumque plurimorum civium clementius annuentes, quia vos semper nostros fideles experti sumus, pro amore summi regis, per quem subsistimus et regnamus, et amore et fidelitate vestra, quam in nobis habetis et in antea habituri estis, dimittimus et condonamus vobis ea omnia, quae nos et predecessores nostri Normandi circa Beneventanam civitatem habuerunt, fidantias subscriptas videlicet, denariorum redditus, salutes, angarias, terraticum, herbaticum, carnaticum, kalendaticum, vinum, olivas, relevum, postremo omnes alias exactiones tam ecclesiarum quam civium. [1137.22.5] Et omnia predicta et possessiones liberas facimus et quietas undecumque aliquid accipere soliti sumus ut, quamdiu in nostra permanseritis fidelitate, et nostrorum heredum, liberi et quieti vos et vestri heredes ab omnibus supradictis maneatis, et in vestris prediis venandi, piscandi, aucupandi liberam facultatem habeatis. [1137.22.6] Et ut firmiter hoc tenere valeatis, privilegium istud sigillo aureo Nostro signari fecimus: si qua vero persona, quod absit, magna humilisve huius Nostrae concessionis paginam in aliquo violare presumpserit, viginti libras auri purissimi in misericordia Nostra palatio Nostro componat, presensque privilegium robur pristinum obtineat.

[1137.22.4] For that reason, venerable Beneventan Archbishop Rosseman, who have always stood faithful in all things, more clemently assenting to your petitions, and to those of Bernard the Beneventan constable, and of the judges of Benevento, and of very many other citizens, because we have ever found you to be our faithful ones, for love of the highest King, through whom we subsist and reign, and for the love and fidelity of yours which you have toward us and hereafter will have, we remit and pardon to you all those things which we and our Norman predecessors had in regard to the city of Benevento, namely the underwritten pledges, to wit: revenues of denarii, salutes, angariae, terraticum, herbaticum, carnaticum, kalendaticum, wine, olives, relief, and finally all other exactions both of churches and of citizens. [1137.22.5] And all the aforesaid things and possessions we make free and quit from wherever we have been accustomed to take anything, so that, as long as you shall have remained in our fealty, and in that of our heirs, you and your heirs may remain free and quit from all the above, and in your estates you may have free faculty of hunting, fishing, and fowling. [1137.22.6] And that you may be able to hold this firmly, we have caused this privilege to be signed with Our golden seal: but if any person, which be far, great or humble, shall presume in any way to violate the page of this Our concession, let him compound in Our mercy with twenty pounds of the purest gold to Our palace, and let the present privilege obtain its pristine force.

[1137.22.7] Ad huius concessionis indicium per manus Henrici Nostri notarii scribi precepimus, et bulla aurea insigniri. Anno regni Nostri septimo.

[1137.22.7] As an indication of this concession we have ordered it to be written by the hands of Henry, Our notary, and to be marked with a golden bulla. In the 7th year of Our reign.

[1137.23.1] Cumque privilegium hoc coram Beneventanorum cetu lectum esset, Deo salvatori omnium, et prefato regi et iam dicto antistiti gratias egimus quia, quod avi et patres nostri videre non potuerunt, libertatis et securitatis nobis dignatus est misericordia sua Iesus Christus largiri, et meritis non nostris offerre. [1137.23.2] Quid multa? Ex tanto nobis concesso beneficio, et firmato, cives universi servitia et honores prefato regi polliciti sunt, et sine offensione ad eius preceptum famulari.

[1137.23.1] And when this privilege had been read before the assembly of the Beneventans, we gave thanks to God the savior of all, and to the aforesaid king and the already-said prelate, because what our grandfathers and fathers were not able to see, Jesus Christ, by his mercy, deigned to bestow upon us liberty and security, and to offer not by our merits. [1137.23.2] What more? From so great a benefit conceded to us, and confirmed, all the citizens promised services and honors to the aforesaid king, and to serve at his command without offense.

[1137.24.1] Dux preterea Rainulphus supramemoratus audiens regem illum sic devictum et animo consternatum cum paucis Salernitanam civitatem fuisse ingressum, consilio habito, mille fere equites et Apulorum peditum multitudinem congregavit. [1137.24.2] Nec mora, Troiam dimittens Capitinatam totam suae alligavit potestati. [1137.24.3] Et inde procedens super comitis Rogerii de Ariano comitatum advenit; qui continuo Alferium Draco, et Robertum de la Marca, et Robertum de Petra Maiore, et Robertum de Potofranco aliosque barones ipsius comitis suae subiugavit ditioni; postremo eundem comitem Rogerium ad suam coegit voluntatem.

[1137.24.1] Moreover the Duke Rainulf, aforementioned, hearing that that king had been thus defeated and dismayed in spirit and had entered the city of Salerno with a few, counsel having been taken, gathered nearly a thousand knights and a multitude of Apulian foot-soldiers. [1137.24.2] Without delay, leaving Troia, he bound all Capitanata to his own power. [1137.24.3] And proceeding from there he came upon the county of Count Roger of Ariano; who forthwith subjected Alferius Draco, and Robert de la Marca, and Robert de Petra Maiore, and Robert de Potofranco, and other barons of that count to his own dominion; finally he compelled that same Count Roger to his will.

[1137.24.4] Quibus ita peractis, dux ipse prope castellum Paludis suorum virtute stipatus castrametatur, die quidem kalendarum Decembris. [1137.24.5] Mirabatur interea populus Beneventanus de ducis illius Rainulphi continentia et in predicti regis amore, et fidelitate et Anacleti servitio die noctuque simul cum domino Rossemanno antistite invigilabat.

[1137.24.4] With these things thus accomplished, the duke himself, closely attended by the valor of his men, encamped near the castle of Palude, indeed on December 1. [1137.24.5] Meanwhile the people of Benevento marveled at that Duke Rainulf’s continence, and kept vigil in love for the aforesaid king, and in fidelity and in the service of Anacletus, by day and by night together with lord Rossemannus, the prelate.

[1137.25.1] Aliud quoque non tegendum silentio fraternitati vestrae explicabo. [1137.25.2] Cumque prefatus abbas de Clara Valle, vir valde mirabilis et discretus, de pacis federe et Ecclesiae unitate cum nominato rege confabularetur, assidue rex ipse cum abbate illo stabilivit, ut tres cardinales ex parte Innocentii papae, qui eius interfuissent electioni, ad regem ipsum venirent, et tres ex parte Anacleti, et ordinem electionis utriusque regi ipsi insinuarent. [1137.25.3] Deinde rex ipse, ordine audito utriusque partis, sanctiorem et iustiorem eligeret electionem; et sic, Spiritu Sancto favente, ad pacis perveniret cum totius sui regni magnitudine firmamentum, quantum in sui arbitrio et scientia contineret.

[1137.25.1] I will also explain to your fraternity another matter not to be covered with silence. [1137.25.2] And when the aforesaid abbot of Clairvaux, a man very marvelous and discreet, was confabulating with the named king about the covenant of peace and the unity of the Church, continually the king himself with that abbot established that three cardinals on the part of Pope Innocent, who had been present at his election, should come to the king himself, and three on the part of Anacletus, and that they should insinuate to the king the order of each election. [1137.25.3] Then the king himself, the order of both parties having been heard, would choose the holier and more just election; and thus, the Holy Spirit favoring, he would attain to a firmament of peace with the magnitude of his whole kingdom, so far as was contained within his own judgment and knowledge.

[1137.25.4] Cognoverat enim firmiterque crediderat, totius mundi christicolas parti favere Innocentii et eius pontificatum venerari; ipse vero solus cum regni sui latitudine discordabatur. [1137.25.5] Continuo ad Innocentium papam et Anacletum delegatum est, et cursu rapido regis positio destinatur. [1137.25.6] Placuit itaque eis, et consilio eorum firmato, ex parte papae Innocentii Aimericus cancellarius et Girardus cardinalis, vir valde venerabilis, simul cum predicto abbate de Clara Valle Salernum super huiuscemodi electione ventilanda advenerunt; ex parte vero Anacleti Mattheus cancellarius, et Petrus Pisanus cardinalis et cardinalis alius nomine Gregorius similiter acceleravere.

[1137.25.4] For he had come to know, and had firmly believed, that the Christians of the whole world favored the party of Innocent and venerated his pontificate; but he alone, with the breadth of his kingdom, was at odds. [1137.25.5] Straightway envoys were dispatched to Pope Innocent and to Anacletus, and at a rapid pace the king’s position is sent. [1137.25.6] It therefore pleased them, and their counsel having been ratified, that on the part of Pope Innocent Aimeric the Chancellor and Gerard the Cardinal, a very venerable man, together with the aforesaid Abbot of Clairvaux, came to Salerno to have an election of this kind ventilated; but on the part of Anacletus, Matthew the Chancellor, and Peter the Pisan Cardinal, and another Cardinal by the name Gregory, likewise hastened.

[1137.25.7] Quibus ita congregatis, rex ille, ut erat sagacis animi providique consilii, prius partem Innocentii quatriduo usque ad occasum mirabiliter, et ultra quam credi potest, examinatur; sequenter autem Anacleti partem quatriduo similiter perscrutatus est. [1137.25.8] Studiose igitur et diligenter partibus utriusque electionis auditis, rex ipse clerum omnem et populum civitatis Salernitanae congregari mandavit, et episcopos et abbates monasteriorum, qui convenerant, et coram eis taliter exorsus est: [1137.25.9] "Domini et fratres, credimus vestram non latere prudentiam, qua de re cardinales istos partis utriusque fecerim convocari; putavi etenim, quantum nostrae attinet virtuti, tali et tanto negotio finem imponere, et iustitiae semitam evidenter sectari. [1137.25.10] Sed quia multis questionibus variisque responsionibus animus noster impeditur, solus ego super hoc tanto negotio finem impendere nequeo.

[1137.25.7] With them thus assembled, that king, as he was of a sagacious mind and of provident counsel, first examined the party of Innocent for four days up to sunset, marvelously and beyond what can be believed; thereafter likewise he scrutinized the party of Anacletus for four days. [1137.25.8] Having therefore studiously and diligently heard the sides of each election, the king himself ordered all the clergy and the people of the city of Salerno to be gathered, and the bishops and the abbots of the monasteries who had come together, and before them he began thus: [1137.25.9] “Lords and brothers, we believe your prudence does not fail to know for what matter I have caused these cardinals of either party to be convoked; for I thought, as far as pertains to our virtue, to set an end to such and so great a business, and clearly to follow the path of justice. [1137.25.10] But because by many questions and various responses our mind is impeded, I alone am not able to impose an end upon so great a business.

[1137.25.11] Unde, si dominis istis cardinalibus videtur, ordinem utriusque scribant electionis et ab utraque parte unus mecum Siciliam descendat cardinalis ubi, favente Domino, Nativitatis Iesu Christi salvatoris festivitatem celebraturi sumus. [1137.25.12] Ibique sapientes archiepiscopos, episcopos aliosque inveniemus prudentis animi viros, quorum consilio Anacleti partem usque modo sectatus sum; nunc itaque ipsorum aliorumque sapientum consilio super hoc negotio, divina inspirante clementia, certissimum finem, quantum meae attinet potestati, imponemus". [1137.25.13] Cardinalis ad haec Girardus respondit: [1137.25.14] "Sciatis re vera, quoniam ex parte nostra ordinem partis nostrae non scribemus: audistis enim ex ore nostro seriem electionis, audistis omnia, quae circa nos gesta sunt; cardinalem quidem mittemus Guidonem de Castello, sapientem utique virum et discretum, qui vobiscum, sicut petitis, Siciliam veniat. [1137.25.15] Deinde, sicut sapientiae vestrae placuerit, perficiatis, Spiritus Sanctus Paraclitus cor vestrum illuminet, et corde recto ad Ecclesiam et veritatis lumen perducat". [1137.25.16] Et his actis, unusquisque ad propria remeavit.

[1137.25.11] Hence, if it seems to these lords the cardinals, let them write the order of each election, and from each side let one cardinal descend with me to Sicily, where, with the Lord favoring, we shall celebrate the festival of the Nativity of Jesus Christ the savior. [1137.25.12] There we shall find wise archbishops, bishops, and other men of prudent mind, by whose counsel I have up to now followed the party of Anacletus; now therefore, by the counsel of them and of other wise men, with divine clemency inspiring, we shall impose, so far as pertains to my power, a most certain end upon this business". [1137.25.13] To these things Cardinal Girard responded: [1137.25.14] "Know truly, that on our part we will not write the order of our party: you have heard from our mouth the series of the election, you have heard all the things which were done concerning us; indeed we will send the Cardinal Guido of Castello, assuredly a wise and discreet man, who may come with you, as you request, to Sicily. [1137.25.15] Then, as it shall have pleased your wisdom, bring it to completion; may the Holy Spirit the Paraclete enlighten your heart, and with a right heart lead you to the Church and the light of truth". [1137.25.16] And these things having been done, each returned to his own.

[1137.25.17] Altera die adveniente, predictus Girardus cardinalis cum suis reversus est; solus autem Guido prefatus cardinalis remansit cum rege profecturus, sicut statutum est; ex parte vero Anacleti similiter cardinalis alius destinatur. [1137.25.18] Quibus patratis, navigio parato, rex ipse Siciliam transfretavit.

[1137.25.17] With the next day arriving, the aforesaid Cardinal Gerard returned with his men; but the aforesaid Cardinal Guido alone remained, about to set out with the king, as it had been decreed; and from Anacletus’s side likewise another cardinal is assigned. [1137.25.18] With these things accomplished, and the ship made ready, the king himself crossed over to Sicily.

[1137.26.1] Dux preterea Rainulphus iam nominatus prefatum castellum Paludis viriliter obsedit, quod preliis multis et machinationibus cotidie expugnabat. [1137.26.2] Videns autem dux ipse castellum illud capere non posse, consilio habito, castellum illud dimisit et in finibus Alifanis secessit; qui continuo civitatem illam et munitionem castelli comprehendit et suae obtinuit potestati.

[1137.26.1] Duke moreover Rainulf, already named, valiantly besieged the aforesaid castle of Palude, which he assailed daily with many battles and machinations. [1137.26.2] But seeing that the duke himself could not take that castle, after taking counsel he left that castle and withdrew into the Alifan borders; and immediately he seized that city and the fortification of the castle and brought them under his power.

[1137.27.1] Hoc anno Anacletus, qui sub nomine pontificatus advixit, septimo die stante mensis Ianuarii mortuus est; qui sedit annis septem, et mensibus undecim et diebus viginti duobus. [1137.27.2] Innocentius itaque pontifex, viribus sumptis et amicorum virtute accepta, contra inimicos viriliter insilivit. [1137.27.3] Rossemannus igitur episcopus totius civitatis tintinnabula Beneventanae pulsare precepit, mortem illius Anacleti significando.

[1137.27.1] In this year Anacletus, who lived on under the name of the pontificate, died on the seventh day of the month of January; he sat for 7 years, and 11 months and 22 days. [1137.27.2] Therefore Pope Innocent, having taken up strength and having received the virtue of his friends, leapt manfully against his enemies. [1137.27.3] Accordingly Bishop Rossemannus ordered the bells of the whole city of Benevento to be rung, signifying the death of that Anacletus.

[1137.28.1] Hoc anno, predictus imperator, cum ad imperium suum revertebatur, mortuus est in partibus Tusciae; et eo defuncto, Corradus ad imperium unanimi voto sublimatus est.

[1137.28.1] In this year, the aforesaid emperor, when he was returning to his empire, died in the parts of Tuscany; and, he being dead, Conrad was raised to the empire by unanimous vote.

[1138.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo trigesimo octavo, et nono anno pontificatus domini Innocentii secundi summi pontificis, mense Martio, prima indictione. [1138.1.2] Cumque predictus Anacletus mortuus esset, cardinales sui, consilio accepto a fratribus ipsius Anacleti, ad regem miserunt Rogerium ipsius Anacleti mortem significantes et, si ei placeret, papam constituerent. [1138.1.3] Rex itaque, ut domini papae Innocentii partem impediret, voluntati eorum assensit et papam eligendi potestatem dedit.

[1138.1.1] In the year 1138, and in the ninth year of the pontificate of lord Innocent II, the supreme pontiff, in the month of March, in the first indiction. [1138.1.2] And when the aforesaid Anacletus had died, his cardinals, counsel having been taken from the brothers of that Anacletus, sent to King Roger, signifying the death of that Anacletus and that, if it should please him, they would appoint a pope. [1138.1.3] The king therefore, in order to impede the party of lord Pope Innocent, assented to their will and gave the power of electing a pope.

[1138.1.4] Qui Romam reversi, fautoribus eorum congregatis, medio mense Martio, Gregorium cardinalem papam sibi et invasorem constituerunt, Victoremque eum vocaverunt: sed Dei misericordia auxiliante, hereses illa et invasio pauco tempore regnavit. [1138.1.5] Diebus autem non multis evolutis, fratres predicti Anacleti tantam cognoscentes turbationem, in se reversi, Domino favente, cum predicto domino Innocentio papa pacis firmamentum composuerunt. [1138.1.6] Et ipsi et omnes eius adversarii ad eius fidelitatem conversi sunt; et sceleratus ille, qui sub Victoris nomine apparuit, vestem et mitram deposuit et ad voluntatem pontificis Innocentii pervenit.

[1138.1.4] They, having returned to Rome, their favorers congregated, in the middle of the month of March appointed for themselves Gregory the cardinal as pope and as an invader/usurper, and they called him Victor; but, with the mercy of God aiding, that heresy and invasion reigned for a short time. [1138.1.5] However, with not many days elapsed, the aforesaid brothers of Anacletus, recognizing so great a disturbance, having come back to themselves, with the Lord favoring, composed with the aforesaid lord Pope Innocent a firmament of peace. [1138.1.6] And both they and all his adversaries were converted to his fidelity; and that scelerate man, who appeared under the name of Victor, laid aside the vestment and the miter and came to the will of Pope Innocent.

[1138.1.7] Sicque gaudio magno et gloria exultationis tota Romana civitas exultavit, et pontifex ipse Innocentius ad unitatem Ecclesiae et concordiam, auxiliante Domino, perducitur.

[1138.1.7] And so, with great joy and the glory of exultation, the whole Roman citizenry exulted, and the pontiff Innocent himself, with the Lord aiding, is led to the unity of the Church and concord.

[1138.2.1] Diebus autem non multis evolutis, predictus Apostolicus, consilio accepto, Albanum venit disponens, exercitu congregato, ad ducem Rainulphum venire; sed infirmitate percussus venire non potuit. [1138.2.2] Interea rex Rogerius, congregato exercitu, in finibus venit Apuliae, cogitans civitates sibi ab imperatore ablatas suae submittere potestati. [1138.2.3] Dux igitur Rainulphus regis illius sentiens adventum totius Apuliae partes submovit, ut contra eius rabiem unanimiter insistant; nec mora, cursu rapido ad ducem festinant nominatum, et sic contra regis illius ferociam mensibus fere duobus resistunt.

[1138.2.1] However, with not many days elapsed, the aforesaid Apostolic, having taken counsel, came to Albanum, planning, with an army assembled, to go to Duke Rainulph; but, stricken by infirmity, he could not come. [1138.2.2] Meanwhile King Roger, an army having been gathered, came into the borders of Apulia, thinking to submit to his power the cities taken from him by the emperor. [1138.2.3] Therefore Duke Rainulph, perceiving that king’s approach, stirred up all the parts of Apulia, that they might stand with one mind against his rage; without delay, at a rapid pace they hasten to the named duke, and thus they resist the ferocity of that king for nearly two months.

[1138.2.4] Haec inter, sicut nobis est relatum, predictus rex dominum papam Innocentium in patrem et dominum accepit, et civitati Beneventanae et per totius sui regni partes mandavit, eum patrem et dominum accepisse. [1138.2.5] Nos autem, literis eius acceptis, dominum illum et patrem vocavimus.

[1138.2.4] Meanwhile, as it has been related to us, the aforesaid king received lord Pope Innocent as father and lord, and he commanded to the city of Benevento and through all the parts of his kingdom that he had received him as father and lord. [1138.2.5] But we, upon his letters being received, called him that lord and father.

[1138.3.1] Quibus peractis, Rao de Fraineta Beneventanae civitati et regi Rogerio rebellis apparuit, et vineas Beneventanorum incidi mandavit. [1138.3.2] Cives itaque, consilio accepto, Raonis illius infestationes regi nominato mandaverunt, ut citissime eos ab illius adversitatibus eripiat. [1138.3.3] Rex illico, congregato exercitu, iter arripuit et in ipsius sui adventum virtute Montem Maranum et castella alia comprehendit, et igne comburit.

[1138.3.1] With these things accomplished, Rao de Fraineta appeared as a rebel against the Beneventan city and King Roger, and ordered the vineyards of the Beneventans to be cut down. [1138.3.2] Therefore the citizens, counsel having been taken, sent word of that Rao’s infestations to the named king, that he might most swiftly rescue them from his hostilities. [1138.3.3] The king immediately, an army having been gathered, took up the march, and upon his very arrival, by force he seized Monte Marano and other castles, and burned them with fire.

[1138.3.4] Inde super Ceppaluni adveniens simul cum Beneventanis illud obsedit, et die ipsa villam rusticorum comprehendit, et eorum bona depredata sunt, et domus omnes eorum destructae; sequenti vero die turres et munitiones castelli in potestate regis datae sunt. [1138.3.5] Rao etenim de Fraineta timore regis coactus castellum illud triduo ante exierat cum uxore, et ad ducem festinavit Rainulphum simul cum Raone de lo Tufo et Orrico de Sarno, qui similiter faciem regis fugientes castella sua dimiserunt. [1138.3.6] Cives continuo Beneventani regem precantur suppliciter, ut castellum illud Ceppaluni, civitati contrarium, ad destruendum largiatur.

[1138.3.4] Thence, arriving at Ceppaluni, he, together with the Beneventans, besieged it, and on that same day he seized the village of the rustics, and their goods were depredated, and all their houses were destroyed; but on the following day the towers and fortifications of the castle were given into the power of the king. [1138.3.5] For Rao of Fraineta, compelled by fear of the king, had gone out from that castle three days before with his wife, and hastened to Duke Rainulf together with Raone of lo Tufo and Orrico of Sarno, who likewise, fleeing the face of the king, abandoned their castles. [1138.3.6] The Beneventan citizens immediately beseech the king suppliantly, that he grant that castle of Ceppaluni, contrary to the city, to be destroyed.

[1138.3.7] Quid multa? Rex ipse petitionibus populi favens permisit ad diruendum; nec mora, catervatim Beneventanus populus festinat ad destruendum: et sic radicitus universa edificia castelli evulsa sunt, et civitas tota super illius gaudebat destructione. [1138.3.8] Nam si universas crudelitates et pericula, quae ab illius castelli dominis passi sumus, describere vellem, nec lingua dicere neque stilo pronuntiare possem; unde Deum laudantes regi gratias egimus, qui nobis illud ad destruendum concessit.

[1138.3.7] What more? The king himself, favoring the petitions of the people, permitted it to be demolished; without delay, the Beneventan people hasten in throngs to destroy: and thus, root-and-branch, all the edifices of the castle were torn up, and the whole city rejoiced over its destruction. [1138.3.8] For if I wished to describe all the cruelties and perils which we have suffered from the lords of that castle, neither could I say it with the tongue nor set it forth with the stylus; whence, praising God, we gave thanks to the king, who granted it to us for demolishing.

[1138.4.1] Et his actis, prefatus rex Capuanos fines adivit et castellum, quod Calvum dicitur, comprehendit. [1138.4.2] Dux preterea Rainulphus, exercitu congregato, horis omnibus invigilabat, ut regem illum virtute insiliat et accipiat ultionem. [1138.4.3] Rex vero, ut erat sapientis consilii, per montana quaeque et loca ardua castrametatur, et sic ducis vitabat prudentiam et virtutem; unde dux ille vehementer condolens mente et corpore fremebat, quia cordis dolorem ostendere non poterat; novissime apud Alifas moratur, existimans regem illum Alifis venire.

[1138.4.1] And these things having been done, the aforesaid king went to the Capuan borders and seized the castle which is called Calvum. [1138.4.2] Moreover Duke Rainulf, an army having been gathered, kept watch at every hour, that he might spring upon that king with prowess and take vengeance. [1138.4.3] The king indeed, as he was of wise counsel, encamps through each of the mountainous and steep places, and thus he was avoiding the duke’s prudence and prowess; whence that duke, grieving vehemently, raged in mind and body, because he could not show the pain of his heart; at last he tarries at Alife, supposing that that king would come to Alife.

[1138.4.4] Rex vero, ut diximus, ducis constantiam fugiens a castello Calvo revertitur, et in finibus Sanctae Agathes tentoria sua poni precepit, Beneventum venire disponens; et inde, amoto exercitu, castrametatus est prope Beneventum, ubi dicitur Plancella, et ibi mansit diebus duobus. [1138.4.5] Tunc, accepto consilio, inde recessit, et districto exercitu, flumen transivit Caloris et castra posuit super pontem Valentinum, mansitque ibi duobus diebus. [1138.4.6] Dux autem nominatus Rainulphus, ut erat prudentis animi, in finibus morabatur Petrae Maioris pertractans, ut castellum Apicis, quod rex minabatur obsidere, virtute et animose illud deliberaret.

[1138.4.4] The king, however, as we have said, fleeing the duke’s constancy, returns from the castle Calvum, and in the bounds of Saint Agatha he ordered his tents to be pitched, planning to come to Benevento; and from there, the army being moved, he encamped near Benevento, where it is called Plancella, and he remained there for two days. [1138.4.5] Then, having taken counsel, he departed thence, and with the army drawn up he crossed the river Calor and pitched camp at the Valentinus bridge, and he stayed there for two days. [1138.4.6] But the aforesaid duke Rainulf, as he was of a prudent mind, stayed in the bounds of Petra Maior, considering how he might by valor and with spirit deliver the castle of Apice, which the king was threatening to besiege.

[1138.4.7] Rex itaque nominatus Beneventanos precatur, ut in eius auxilio unanimiter festinarent; Rossemannus igitur, qui tunc presul aderat, amore regis coactus cives universos rogavit et in eius mandavit auxilio. [1138.4.8] Audiens autem rex ipse castellum Apicis a militibus et viris prudentibus armatum fore, consilio accepto, castra amovit et Petrae Pulcinae castellum agredi precepit, et igne ferroque illud depopulatur. [1138.4.9] Et inde procedens castella alia comprehendit et comburi mandavit: Pontem Landulphi, Farnitum, Campugattari, et Guardiam et civitatem comprehendit Alifam, et igne consumpsit.

[1138.4.7] The aforesaid king therefore beseeches the Beneventans to hasten unanimously to his aid; Rossemannus accordingly, who was then the prelate present, compelled by love of the king, asked all the citizens and enjoined them to his assistance. [1138.4.8] But hearing that the castle of Apice was to be armed by soldiers and prudent men, counsel having been taken, he moved the camp and ordered the castle of Petra Pulcina to be attacked, and he lays it waste with fire and iron. [1138.4.9] And proceeding thence he seized other castles and ordered them to be burned: Pontem Landulphi, Farnitum, Campugattari, and Guardiam, and he took the city Alifa, and consumed it with fire.

[1138.4.10] Universam quidem substantiam civium et ecclesiarum ornatus galiotae regis et turba innumera predonum, quae eum sequebatur, comprehendit, rapuit, dispoliavit et unusquisque, prout potuit, dispartitur. [1138.4.11] Lector, itaque, si adesses, super tali tantaque civitatis strage et confusione turbatus deficeres, et firmares a Grecorum tempore et Paganorum tantam in Christianos ruinam et combustionem non accidisse. [1138.4.12] Cumque taliter civitatem illam Alifam consumasset, exercitu inde amoto, in finibus festinavit Benafris, civitates illas suae submittere potestati.

[1138.4.10] The whole substance of the citizens and the ornaments of the churches the king’s galleymen and an innumerable crowd of praedators seized, snatched, despoiled, and each, as he was able, disparted it. [1138.4.11] Reader, therefore, if you had been present, you would, disturbed at such and so great a slaughter and confusion of the city, be overcome; and you would affirm that from the time of the Greeks and the Pagans so great a ruin and conflagration had not befallen Christians. [1138.4.12] And when he had thus consumed that city Alifa, the army being removed from there, he hastened into the borders of the Benafri, to submit those cities to his power.

[1138.4.13] Continuo, iussu crudelitatis a rege illo iniuncto, civitatem illam Benafrim agredi et expugnari mandavit; cives autem, prout poterant, intrinsecus et se et civitatem defendebant. [1138.4.14] Rex itaque eorum constantiam aspiciens crudeli manu iussionis minatur, ut civitatem illam insiliant: continuo, peccatis imminentibus, civitas illa valde munita et divitiis plena capitur, et civium omnium bona et divitiarum magnitudines ab hostibus capiuntur, et divisae per partes ad nihilum sunt conversae. [1138.4.15] Viri itaque, et mulieres parvulique eorum per montana fugiunt, omnibus eorum bonis in manibus rapientium et predonum dimissis, sicque civitas illa et turrium eius munitiones in potestate regis subacta est.

[1138.4.13] Forthwith, by an injunction of cruelty laid upon him by that king, he ordered that that city Benafri be attacked and stormed; but the citizens, as they were able, from within were defending both themselves and the city. [1138.4.14] Therefore the king, beholding their constancy, with a cruel hand of command threatens that they should leap upon the city: forthwith, with sins impending, that city, very much fortified and full of riches, is taken, and the goods of all the citizens and the great masses of wealth are seized by the enemies, and, divided into parts, are turned to nothing. [1138.4.15] The men, therefore, and the women and their little ones flee through the mountains, with all their goods left in the hands of the snatchers and plunderers, and thus that city and the fortifications of its towers were subdued into the king’s power.

[1138.4.16] Et tali crudelitate audita, Presentianum castellum et Rocca Romana ad regis voluntatem convertitur, et alia castella circumquaque contigua. [1138.4.17] Quibus actis, rex ipse revertens Beneventum venit et ad Paludis castellum castrametatur, duodecimo die mensis Septembris intrante. [1138.4.18] Dux interea Rainulphus, quia tanto regi resistere non poterat, dolore cordis concussus circa Alifanos fines morabatur.

[1138.4.16] And such cruelty being heard, the Presentianum castle and Rocca Romana are converted to the king’s will, and the other castles contiguous round about. [1138.4.17] These things done, the king himself, returning, came to Benevento and encamped at Paludis Castle, as the twelfth day of the month of September was beginning. [1138.4.18] Meanwhile Duke Rainulf, because he could not resist so great a king, shaken with pain of heart, was lingering around the Alifan borders.

[1138.4.19] Inde procedens rex ipse ad civitatem Melfium ivit, putans eam suae submittere postestati; quod obtinere non potuit. [1138.4.20] Et inde reversus super castellum Toccum adivit; continuo machinas lignorum fieri mandavit, virtute quarum turres castelli illius et munitiones destruerentur; sicque pars quaedam turrium diruta est. [1138.4.21] Dux interea Rainulphus circa eum cotidie invigilabat, ne rex ille terras Rogerii comitis de Ariano invaderet.

[1138.4.19] Thence proceeding the king himself went to the city Melfi, thinking to submit it to his power; which he could not obtain. [1138.4.20] And from there returning he went against the castle Tocco; straightway he ordered machines of wood to be made, by whose force the towers and the fortifications of that castle might be destroyed; and so a certain part of the towers was torn down. [1138.4.21] Meanwhile Duke Rainulf kept daily vigil about him, lest that king should invade the lands of Roger, count of Ariano.

[1138.4.22] Populus autem castelli virtutem regis et furorem aspiciens sub eius potestate et ditione colla submisit, et castellum illud in eius dominatione subactum est tertio kalendas Octobris: octo quidem dies castellum illud Toccum obsedit.

[1138.4.22] But the people of the castle, looking upon the king’s virtue (prowess) and fury, bowed their necks under his power and dominion, and that castle was subjugated into his domination on the third day before the Kalends of October (September 29): for eight days indeed he besieged that castle Tocco.

[1138.5.1] Quibus ita peractis, rex ipse castra inde amovit et pro tempore valde pluviali Beneventum venit, et ipse intra ecclesiam Sancti Petri Apostoli prope civitatem sitam castrametatur. [1138.5.2] Totus quidem eius exercitus infra civitatem hospitatus est Beneventi, ibique mansit diebus tribus; tempus enim terribile pluviarum et valde periculosum inerat, et pro inveniendis ad exercitum necessariis nullo modo adire valebant; unde, sicut diximus, infra civitatem Beneventi ad refocillandum exercitum commorati sunt. [1138.5.3] Rex interea nominatus civitatem intravit Beneventanam quarto die intrante mensis Octobris et ecclesias, et civitatis palatia et curiam Apostolici studiose perquisivit.

[1138.5.1] With these things thus accomplished, the king himself removed the camp from there and, for the very pluvial season, came to Benevento, and he himself encamps within the church of Saint Peter the Apostle situated near the city. [1138.5.2] Indeed his whole army was lodged within the city of Benevento, and there it remained for three days; for there was a terrible and very perilous season of rains, and for the procuring of the things necessary for the army they were in no way able to go; whence, as we have said, they sojourned within the city of Benevento to refresh the army. [1138.5.3] Meanwhile the aforesaid king entered the city of Benevento on the 4th day as the month of October was beginning, and he studiously inspected the churches, and the palaces of the city, and the court of the Apostolic.

[1138.5.4] Et exercitu refocillato, castra a civitate amovit et prope castellum Sancti Severi castrametatus est; inde procedens castellum Morcone suae obtinuit potestati; et his actis, castellum Sancti Georgii et Petrae Maioris comprehendit.

[1138.5.4] And with the army refreshed, he removed the camp from the city and encamped near the castle of Saint Severus; proceeding thence he brought the castle of Morcone under his power; and these things done, he seized the castle of Saint George and of Petra Maior.

[1138.6.1] Comes igitur Rogerius de Ariano haec audiens Apicis castellum dimisit et villanis omnibus, ut regi obedirent, licentiam largitur, et ipse civitatem intravit Arianum; ibique confidens ducis Rainulphi auxilium adinvenit, qua de re nullo modo ad regis voluntatem pervenire voluit. [1138.6.2] Continuo rex ipse castellum Apicis suae alligavit fidelitati, et rex ipse ad castellum Tamarum diebus quatuor moratus est. [1138.6.3] Prefatus autem dux, exercitu congregato, prope civitatem Arianum venit custodiens, ne rex ipse quoquo modo eam invaderet; et sic rex ipse et dux adinvicem laborabant.

[1138.6.1] Count Roger of Ariano therefore, hearing these things, abandoned the castle of Apice and grants license to all the villeins to obey the king, and he himself entered the city Ariano; and there, confiding in Duke Rainulf’s aid, he found it, whereupon he was by no means willing to accede to the king’s will. [1138.6.2] Immediately the king himself bound the castle of Apice to his fealty, and the king himself stayed for four days at the castle of Tammaro. [1138.6.3] But the aforesaid duke, the army having been congregated, came near the city Ariano, keeping watch lest the king himself in any way invade it; and thus the king himself and the duke were laboring against one another.

[1138.6.4] Et his decursis, predictus rex a Tamaro illo castello discedens circa Melfitanos fines festinavit; et inde procedens castellum Sanctae Agathes valde munitum suae obtinuit potestati, et alia castella ibi contigua. [1138.6.5] Dux interea nominatus civitatem regebat Melfium, ne rex ille quoquo modo ingenio eam invaderet. [1138.6.6] Prefatus autem rex cognoscens ducem Rainulphum iugiter contra se et suos obsistere et Apuliae civitates tueri, consilio communicato, castella, quae comprehenderat, militibus et viris armatis muniri et observari mandavit; et ipse rex Salernum adivit, disponens Siciliam reverti, quam longo tempore dimiserat.

[1138.6.4] And with these things run through, the aforesaid king, departing from that castle of Tamaro, hastened around the Melfitan borders; and proceeding thence he secured to his own power the castle of Saint Agatha, very well fortified, and other castles contiguous there. [1138.6.5] Meanwhile the named duke was governing the city of Melfi, lest that king by any device should invade it. [1138.6.6] But the aforesaid king, knowing that Duke Rainulf was continually opposing him and his men and protecting the cities of Apulia, after counsel had been shared he ordered that the castles which he had taken be fortified and kept under watch by soldiers and armed men; and the king himself went to Salerno, planning to return to Sicily, which he had left for a long time.

[1138.6.7] Et dux nominatus Barum descendit, et marinos fines visitavit populum omnem hortando, ut tempore oportuno, viribus sumptis et armis, contra regis illius obsistant ferocitatem; qui unanimiter et corde devoto paratos fore clamitabant.

[1138.6.7] And the named duke went down to Bari, and he visited the maritime frontiers, exhorting all the people that, at the opportune time, with forces taken up and with arms, they should withstand the ferocity of that king; and they, unanimously and with a devoted heart, kept shouting that they would be ready.

[1139.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo trigesimo nono Dominicae Incarnationis, et decimo anno pontificatus domini Innocentii secundi summi pontificis et universalis papae, mense Martio, secunda indictione. [1139.1.2] Hoc anno, prefatus Apostolicus Innocentius, octavo die intrante mensis Aprilis, Romae synodum celebravit; ad cuius sacri conventus presentiam archiepiscopi, et episcopi et abbates innumeri convenerunt. [1139.1.3] Ibique inter cetera, quae Spiritu Sancto mediante statuta sunt, vinculis excommunicationis alligavit regem Rogerium predictus Apostolicus Innocentius in presentia omnium cattholicorum virorum, qui convenerant, et eius omnes sequaces.

[1139.1.1] In the year 1139 of the Lord’s Incarnation, and in the 10th year of the pontificate of lord Innocent II, supreme pontiff and universal pope, in the month of March, in the 2nd indiction. [1139.1.2] In this year, the aforesaid Apostolic Innocent, on the 8th day with the month of April beginning, held a synod at Rome; at whose sacred convocation archbishops and bishops and abbots innumerable assembled. [1139.1.3] And there, among the other things which were decreed with the Holy Spirit mediating, the aforesaid Apostolic Innocent bound King Roger with the chains of excommunication in the presence of all the catholic men who had gathered, and all his followers.

[1139.2.1] Hoc anno Rainulphus dux, de quo in superiori tractatu mentionem fecimus, ardentissimo febris sinochae calore correptus, ultimo die stante mensis Aprilis, ex hoc mundo decessit apud civitatem Troianam; quem ducem Guidelmus venerabilis ipsius civitatis episcopus cum universo clero et populo diligenter et honeste, lacrimisque manantibus, sepulturae infra episcopium tradiderunt. [1139.2.2] O quantus luctus omnium, et virginum, viduarum, puerorum et senum utriusque sexus, et militum civitatem illam invasit, quem si radicitus scribere tentarem, nec dies sufficerent neque copia describendi! [1139.2.3] Barensis itaque populus, et Tranensis, Melfiensis, Canosinus et omnes, qui sub eius dominio et protectione confidebant, consolatione oblita, crinibus evulsis, pectoribus laniatis et genis, ultra humanum modum lugebant; lugebant enim ducem piissimum et patrem universorum, qui totius sui ducatus habenas dulcedine et humilitatis suavitate, furore omni deposito, disponebat.

[1139.2.1] In this year Rainulf the duke, of whom we made mention in the preceding tract, seized by the most burning heat of a synochal fever, on the last day of the month of April, departed from this world at the city of Troia; whom the venerable William, bishop of that city, together with the whole clergy and people, with diligence and honor and with tears flowing, committed to burial within the episcopium. [1139.2.2] O how great a mourning of all—that of virgins, widows, boys and elders of both sexes, and of soldiers—invaded that city, which if I should attempt to write thoroughly, neither would days suffice nor any abundance for describing! [1139.2.3] Therefore the people of Bari, and of Trani, of Melfi, of Canosa, and all who trusted under his dominion and protection, with consolation forgotten, with hair torn out, and with breasts and cheeks rent, mourned beyond human measure; for they mourned a most pious duke and a father of all, who administered the reins of his whole duchy with sweetness and the suavity of humility, all fury laid aside.

[1139.2.4] Quid multa? De mortis illius compassione inimicorum etiam acervitas, et de eius prudentia condolens lacrimansque compatiebatur; sicque tota fere Italia de eius probitate et preliis horis omnibus recitabat.

[1139.2.4] What more? Even the heap of enemies, in compassion for that death, and grieving and weeping over his prudence, sympathized; and thus almost all Italy was reciting at all hours about his probity and battles.

[1139.3.1] Audiens autem prenominatus rex Rogerius ducem Rainulphum, virum bellicosum et magnanimum, ex hoc mundo obisse, vanitatis et elationis spiritu accensus ultra humanum modum gavisus est. [1139.3.2] Gavisus utique et morte communi oblitus exestuat, animoque concipiens ut, exercitu congregato, Apuliae fines insiliat eamque suae submittat ditioni et fidelitati. [1139.3.3] Quid multa?

[1139.3.1] Hearing, moreover, that the aforenamed King Roger that Duke Rainulf, a warlike and magnanimous man, had departed from this world, being inflamed by a spirit of vanity and elation, rejoiced beyond human measure. [1139.3.2] Indeed rejoicing and forgetful of the common mortality, he seethes, and conceiving in mind that, once an army has been gathered, he would invade the borders of Apulia and subject it to his dominion and fealty. [1139.3.3] Why say more?

Septem navigiis armatorum paratis et auri argentique magnitudine ditatis, septimo die stante mensis Maii Salernum transfretavit; continuo clerus omnis et populus Salernitanus, laudibus multis hymnisque sonantibus, regem illum suscepit. [1139.3.4] Nec mora, rex ipse literas omnibus suis circumquaque manentibus direxit ut, armis eductis, ad eum conveniant; literis itaque eis acceptis, ad imperium eius obtemperaverunt. [1139.3.5] Deinde rex ipse, exercitu congregato, Beneventum venit, et sic contra inimicos expugnandos festinavit.

With seven ships of armed men prepared and enriched with a great magnitude of gold and silver, on the seventh day of the month of May he crossed over to Salerno; immediately the whole clergy and the Salernitan people, with many praises and hymns resounding, received that king. [1139.3.4] No delay, the king himself directed letters to all his own abiding roundabout that, weapons drawn, they should convene to him; and so, those letters having been received by them, they obeyed his command. [1139.3.5] Then the king himself, the army having been congregated, came to Beneventum, and thus hastened to storm his enemies.

[1139.4.1] Hoc anno, quarto kalendas Iunii mons ille, qui prope civitatem Neapolim esse videtur, ignem validum et flammas visibiles proiecit per dies octo, ita ut civitates ei contiguae et castra mortem expectabant. [1139.4.2] Ex cuius incendio pulvis niger et orribilis exivit, et usque Salernum, et Beneventum, et Capuam, et Neapolim pulvis ille a facie venti pervolavit; ignis vero ille per dies octo visus est; de quo pulvere cives multi Beneventanorum et ego, istius operis descriptor, collegimus: per dies vero triginta pulvis ille super terram visus est!

[1139.4.1] In this year, on the fourth day before the Kalends of June (May 29) that mountain, which seems to be near the city Naples, cast forth strong fire and visible flames for eight days, such that the cities and camps contiguous to it were expecting death. [1139.4.2] From whose conflagration a black and horrible dust went out, and as far as Salerno, and Benevento, and Capua, and Naples that dust flew before the face of the wind; indeed that fire was seen for eight days; of which dust many citizens of Benevento and I, the writer of this work, gathered; indeed for thirty days that dust was seen over the land!

[1139.5.1] Cumque, ut supra dictum est, rex Rogerius exercitum congregasset, super comitis civitatem festinus adivit, et civitatem illam acerrime expugnans suae eam alligavit ditioni; comes autem fugam petens Troiam ingressus est. [1139.5.2] Deinde rex ille civitates omnes et castra Capitinatae suae obtinuit potestati. [1139.5.3] Dux preterea, filius prefati regis, civitates cunctas Apuliae et maritimas ad suum convertit imperium, pacem omnibus et securitatem affirmans.

[1139.5.1] And when, as was said above, King Roger had congregated the army, he went in haste against the count’s city, and, storming that city most fiercely, he bound it to his dominion; but the count, seeking flight, entered Troia. [1139.5.2] Then that king brought all the cities and forts of Capitanata under his power. [1139.5.3] Moreover the Duke, son of the aforesaid king, turned all the cities of Apulia and the maritime cities to his command, affirming peace and security to all.

[1139.5.4] Barum quidem, civitatem valde munitam, obtinere non potuit; quatringentos etenim milites princeps civitatis secum detinebat, preter cives quinquaginta milia habitantium.

[1139.5.4] Bari indeed, a very strongly fortified city, he could not capture; for the prince of the city kept with him 400 soldiers, besides the citizens, 50,000 inhabitants.

[1139.6.1] Dux itaque nominatus civitatem illam Barum cognoscens capere non posse, exercitu suo convocato, ad patrem regem Rogerium, qui in Troianis morabatur confinibus, pervenit; et eis in unum convenientibus, studiose tractare ceperunt, qualiter civitatem Troianam suae submittant potestati. [1139.6.2] Quatuor quidem milibus interiectis a civitate Troiana comes Rogerius Ariani cum septingentis militibus de morte desperatis morabatur; cives re vera Troiani cum extraneis, qui ad eos confugerant prae timore nominati regis, civitatem illam tuebantur. [1139.6.3] Rex itaque civitatem illam sic a tantorum virorum virtute munitam persentiens, ad castellum Baccharezza, ibi vicinum, ducentos milites dimisit pro civitatis illius infestatione, et ipse cum duce nominato filio suo simulque eorum exercitu advocato super civitatem Arianum comitis Rogerii venit; continuo rex ipse civitatem illam obsedit, et lignorum machinas ad expugnandum eam fieri mandavit.

[1139.6.1] The aforesaid duke, recognizing that he could not take that city Bari, with his army convoked, came to his father King Roger, who was staying in the borders of Troia; and when they had come together as one, they began studiously to treat how they might submit the Troian city to their power. [1139.6.2] With four miles interposed from the Troian city, Count Roger of Ariano was staying with seven hundred soldiers desperate as to death; the Troian citizens indeed, together with outsiders who had fled to them for fear of the named king, were defending that city. [1139.6.3] The king therefore, perceiving that city thus fortified by the virtue of so many men, sent two hundred soldiers to the castle Baccharezza, there nearby, for the infestation of that city, and he himself, with the named duke his son and with their army called up, came upon the city Ariano of Count Roger; immediately the king himself besieged that city, and commanded machines of wood to be made to storm it.

[1139.6.4] Cives autem et milites, qui cum eis erant, nihil ex his, quae ingerebantur, metuebant; ducentos enim milites et viginti fere milia armatorum in civitatem introduxerunt. [1139.6.5] Rex itaque sic eam paratam et munitam aspiciens castra amoveri precepit et furore commotus vineas, olivas et arbores eorum, et sata, quae inveniri poterant, incidi mandavit, et divastari; et sic civitatem illam dimittens biduo per confinia illius moratus est.

[1139.6.4] But the citizens and the soldiers who were with them feared nothing of the things that were being brought against them; for they had introduced into the city two hundred soldiers and nearly twenty thousand armed men. [1139.6.5] Therefore the king, seeing it thus prepared and fortified, ordered the camp to be moved away, and, stirred with fury, commanded their vineyards, olives and trees, and the sown fields that could be found, to be cut down and to be devastated; and so, leaving that city, he tarried for two days through its borders.

[1139.7.1] Eodem tempore, prefatus Apostolicus Innocentius predictum ducem Rainulphum obisse audiens, satis satisque condoluit, et consilio communicato, urbem Romam exivit, mille equitum caterva stipatus et peditum multitudine copiosa; deinde ad civitatem Sancti Germani pervenit. [1139.7.2] Cumque prefatus rex Apostolicum illum Urbe egressum persensit, legatos suos predicto Apostolico de pace mandavit, et voluntatem Apostolici et petitionem pollicetur perficere. [1139.7.3] Apostolicus autem legatos regis honeste accipiens, cardinales duos ad regem ipsum transmisit, pacis et dilectionis firmamentum describens, et ut ad civitatem Sancti Germani rex ipse festinaret.

[1139.7.1] At the same time, the aforesaid Apostolic Innocent, hearing that the aforesaid duke Rainulf had died, grieved deeply and more than enough, and, counsel having been communicated, departed from the city of Rome, escorted by a troop of one thousand horsemen and by a copious multitude of foot-soldiers; then he reached the city of Saint Germanus. [1139.7.2] And when the aforesaid king perceived that that Apostolic had gone forth from the City, he sent his legates to the aforesaid Apostolic about peace, and he promises to accomplish the will and request of the Apostolic. [1139.7.3] The Apostolic, however, honorably receiving the king’s legates, sent two cardinals to the king himself, delineating the strengthening of peace and love, and that the king himself should hasten to the city of Saint Germanus.

[1139.7.4] Quid multa? Cardinales illos rex ille diligenter et honeste accipiens civitatem Troianam, quam obsidebat, dimisit et cursu rapido ad predictum Apostolicum cum duce filio suo et exercitibus suis festinat; continuo per legatos suos ab utraque parte de pacis federe interlocuti sunt. [1139.7.5] Apostolicus itaque principatum Capuanum a rege petebat, quem iniuste principi Roberto abstulerat; rex vero nullo modo principatum redere voluit; et sic per dies octo disceptatio talis inter illos habita est.

[1139.7.4] Why say more? That king, diligently and honorably receiving those cardinals, left the city of Troia, which he was besieging, and with rapid course hastens to the aforesaid Apostolicus with his son the duke and his armies; immediately through their envoys on both sides they conferred about a treaty of peace. [1139.7.5] The Apostolicus, therefore, was asking from the king the Capuan principality, which he had unjustly taken away from Prince Robert; but the king in no way was willing to return the principality; and so for eight days such a dispute was held between them.

[1139.8.1] Et his actis, prefatus rex, suo omni exercitu coacervato, ad terras, quae Filiorum Burrelli vocantur, acceleravit, de quibus terris partem quandam castrorum suae submisit potestati. [1139.8.2] Apostolicus autem, et qui cum eo erant, regem illum in partes illas recessisse cognoscentes, castrum quoddam nomine Galluzum agredi precepit, et divastari; nec mora, prefato regi nuntiatum est, qualiter iam dictus Apostolicus castellum illud esset agressus. [1139.8.3] Quid multa?

[1139.8.1] And these things having been done, the aforesaid king, with all his army coacervated, hastened to the lands which are called those of the Sons of Burrell, from which lands he brought a certain portion of the castles under his power. [1139.8.2] The Apostolic, however, and those who were with him, learning that that king had withdrawn into those parts, ordered that a certain castle by the name Galluzum be assailed and devastated; without delay, it was announced to the aforesaid king how the already-mentioned Apostolic had attacked that castle. [1139.8.3] What more?

Cursu rapidissimo rex ille ad terram Sancti Germani, ubi Apostolicus ipse morabatur, pervenit; en subito de regis adventu fama terribilis pervolat, et continuo castra regis confixa sunt. [1139.8.4] Apostolicus itaque, et princeps Robertus Capuanus et Romanorum militia regis adventum sentiens, castra eorum omnia amoveri iubent, ut in securiori parte manerent. [1139.8.5] Dux autem, regis filius, mille fere equites accipiens, sic Apostolicum discedentem deprehendens, insidiis constitutis, super Apostolici milites insilivit, qui potentiam et insidias sentientes terga vertentes fugam petunt, et secundum vires per loca illa diversa aufugiunt.

By a most rapid course that king arrived at the land of Saint Germanus, where the Apostolic himself was staying; lo, suddenly a terrible rumor of the king’s arrival flies abroad, and immediately the king’s camp was pitched. [1139.8.4] The Apostolic therefore, and Prince Robert of Capua, and the soldiery of the Romans, sensing the king’s advent, order all their camps to be removed, so that they might remain in a safer part. [1139.8.5] But the Duke, the king’s son, taking nearly a thousand knights, thus, catching the Apostolic as he was withdrawing, with ambushes arranged, leapt upon the soldiers of the Apostolic, who, perceiving the force and the ambushes, turned their backs, sought flight, and, as best they could, fled through those various places.

[1139.8.6] Prefatus vero princeps, et Riccardus de Rapiscanina et Romanorum multitudo evasit; multi vero militum et peditum in flumine mortui sunt, multos in captione regis fore audivimus. [1139.8.7] Apostolicus autem Innocentius post suos omnes quasi securus incedebat; en ex improviso militum caterva eum agreditur, heu dolor, et illum comprehendunt, omnique suo thesauro et ornatu diviso, ducunt igitur illum ante regis aspectum! [1139.8.8] Et sic contumeliis ditatum, captivum illum in tentorio, quod rex illi transmisit, intromittunt; sequenter Apostolici cancellarium Aimericum et cardinales captivos perducunt; decimo autem die stante mensis Iulii pontifex ipse Innocentius captus est.

[1139.8.6] But the aforesaid prince, and Richard of Rapiscanina, and the multitude of the Romans escaped; many indeed of the knights and of the footmen died in the river, and we have heard that many would be in the king’s capture. [1139.8.7] Moreover the Apostolic, Innocent, was proceeding after all his own as if secure; lo, unexpectedly a troop of soldiers assails him—alas, sorrow!—and they seize him, and, with all his treasure and adornment divided, they therefore lead him before the king’s gaze! [1139.8.8] And thus, enriched with insults, they usher that captive into the tent which the king sent to him; next they conduct the Apostolic’s chancellor Aimeric and the cardinals as captives; furthermore, on the 10th day of the month of July the pontiff himself, Innocent, was captured.

[1139.8.9] O quantus luctus et meroris abundantia mentes fidelium et civitates Apostolici invasit, quod si radicitus describere vellem, dies nec tempus sufficerent! [1139.8.10] Quid multa? Continuo rex ille per legatos suos pontifici Innocentio, quem captivum tenebat, suppliciter, et ultra quam credi potest, mandavit humiliter, ut pacis et concordiae manum componat.

[1139.8.9] O how great a mourning and an abundance of sorrow invaded the minds of the faithful and the cities of the Apostolic, which, if I wished to describe from the very root, neither days nor time would suffice! [1139.8.10] In short, immediately that king, through his legates, to the pontiff Innocent, whom he held captive, suppliantly and beyond what can be believed, humbly sent word, that he should compose peace and concord.

[1139.8.11] Apostolicus itaque se destitutum virtute et armis et desolatum aspiciens, precibus regis et petitionibus assensit. [1139.8.12] Et capitularibus et privilegiis ab utraque parte firmatis, rex ipse et dux, filius eius, et princeps, septimo die stante mensis Iulii, ante ipsius Apostolici presentiam veniunt, et pedibus eius advoluti misericordiam petunt et ad pontificis imperium usquequaque flectuntur. [1139.8.13] Continuo per Evangelia firmaverunt beato Petro, et Innocentio papae eiusque successoribus canonice intrantibus fidelitatem deferre et cetera, quae conscripta sunt.

[1139.8.11] Therefore the Apostolic, seeing himself destitute of strength and arms and desolate, assented to the king’s prayers and petitions. [1139.8.12] And with the capitularies and privileges ratified by both parties, the king himself and the duke, his son, and the prince, on the 7th day of the month of July, come before the presence of the Apostolic himself, and, having fallen to his feet, beg for mercy and in every way bend to the command of the pontiff. [1139.8.13] Immediately they confirmed upon the Gospels to bear fealty to blessed Peter, and to Pope Innocent and to his successors entering canonically, and the other things that have been written.

[1139.8.14] Regi vero Rogerio statim Siciliae regnum per vexillum donavit, duci, filio suo, ducatum Apuliae, principi, altero filio eius, principatum Capuanum largitus est: die vero illa, in qua predictus Apostolicus pacem cum rege firmavit, beati Iacobi apostoli festivitas celebratur, septimo kalendas Augusti. [1139.8.15] Et his actis, Missae solemnia celebravit Apostolicus ipse, ubi satis abundeque de pacis continentia tractavit. [1139.8.16] Letitia igitur et gaudii abundantia universos invasit, et celorum regem magnificantes super pacis firmatae et concordiae dextra letati sunt.

[1139.8.14] To King Roger he straightway granted the kingdom of Sicily by the banner, to the duke, his son, the duchy of Apulia, to the prince, his other son, he bestowed the principality of Capua: on that very day on which the aforesaid Apostolic made firm peace with the king, the feast of the blessed apostle James is celebrated, on the 7th day before the Kalends of August (July 26). [1139.8.15] And with these things done, the Apostolic himself celebrated the solemnities of the Mass, where he treated quite sufficiently and abundantly of the tenor of the peace. [1139.8.16] Therefore gladness and an abundance of joy seized all, and magnifying the king of the heavens they rejoiced over the right hand of peace made firm and of concord.

[1139.9.1] Beneventanus itaque populus pacem audiens firmatam et regem voluntati Apostolici alligatum, tanto gaudio et exultatione triumphat, quod si ex toto describerem, deficerem in tempore et locutione. [1139.9.2] Apostolicus igitur, pace firmata cum nominato rege, Beneventum ingressus est die kalendarum Augustarum, quem Beneventanus populus honore multo et devotione cordis suscipiens, quasi beatum Petrum in carne aspiciens, letatus valde gaudebat. [1139.9.3] Rex autem foris civitatem Beneventi castrametatus est, qui rex usque ad portam Sancti Laurentii cum domino Apostolico comitatur.

[1139.9.1] Thus the Beneventan people, hearing that peace was confirmed and that the king was bound to the will of the Apostolic, triumphs with such joy and exultation that, if I were to describe it in full, I should fail in time and in speech. [1139.9.2] Therefore the Apostolic, peace having been confirmed with the aforesaid king, entered Benevento on the Kalends of August (August 1), and the Beneventan people, receiving him with much honor and devotion of heart, rejoiced greatly, as though beholding blessed Peter in the flesh. [1139.9.3] But the king encamped outside the city of Benevento, and the king accompanied the lord Apostolic as far as the Gate of Saint Lawrence.

[1139.9.4] Die vero ipsa ad vesperum rex ipse civitatem ingreditur, et curiam domini papae ascendens cum eo aliquantum moratur. [1139.9.5] Deinde ad episcopium pergit, et Beatae Mariae basilicam et Bartholomei Apostoli ingrediens pro salute sua oravit; intravit quoque monasterium Sanctae Sophiae, et ante altare Sancti Mercurii prostravit; inde procedens claustra monasterii et dormitorium et refectorium perambulavit, et monachorum orationibus se commendans civitatem exivit per portam Summam et ad castra gaudens remeavit. [1139.9.6] Rossemannus autem, qui contra voluntatem Apostolici cotidie expugnabat, archiepiscopus a Petro Leonis consecratus, de Benevento expulsus est et miser ipse cum domino rege festinavit.

[1139.9.4] On that very day toward evening the king himself enters the city, and, going up to the curia of the lord pope, he stays with him for a while. [1139.9.5] Then he goes to the episcopal palace, and, entering the basilica of Blessed Mary and of the Apostle Bartholomew, he prayed for his salvation; he also entered the monastery of Saint Sophia, and he prostrated himself before the altar of Saint Mercury; thence proceeding he walked through the cloister of the monastery and the dormitory and the refectory, and, commending himself to the prayers of the monks, he went out of the city through the Somma Gate and, rejoicing, returned to the camp. [1139.9.6] Rossemannus, moreover, who was daily assaulting contrary to the will of the Apostolic, an archbishop consecrated by Peter Leonis, was expelled from Benevento, and the wretch himself hastened with the lord king.

[1139.10.1] Prefatus preterea rex, exercitu amoto, Troiam adivit et civitatem ipsam suae submisit potestati; episcopus autem Troianae civitatis, Guidelmus nomine, et populus civitatis legatos prefato delegaverunt regi, ut civitatem ingrediatur et inter suos fideles et amicos honeste maneat, et secure. [1139.10.2] Rex vero, legatis acceptis, "Non civitatem", inquit, "ingrediar, donec traditor ille, Rainulphus scilicet, inter vos manserit!". [1139.10.3] Continuo, qui missi fuerant, civitatem regressi regis intentionem omnibus patefaciunt; et licet dolore commoti cives ex tanta regis responsione, quatuor tamen militibus preceperunt ut, sepulcro fracto, cadaver ducis Rainulphi extraheretur, et extra civitatem educerent ut, furore regis sedato, ad eos pacificus ingrediatur. [1139.10.4] Iusserunt etiam inimici prefati ducis cuidam militi nomine Gallicano, qui ducis illius fidelissimus fuerat, ut ipse Gallicanus ob iniuriam ducis defuncti et eiusdem Gallicani dolorem tumulum frangeret, et ducis ossa pelli et fetori adhuc circumplexa manu sua extraheret; qui Gallicanus timore coactus et ne tanti regis furorem incurrat, heu dolor, quasi mente hilari cum aliis ducis ossa involuta, ut diximus, eduxit!

[1139.10.1] The aforesaid king, moreover, the army being removed, went to Troia and subjected that city to his own power; but the bishop of the city of Troia, by name Guidelmus, and the people of the city delegated legates to the aforesaid king, that he might enter the city and remain honorably and securely among his faithful and friends. [1139.10.2] But the king, the legates having been received, said, "I will not enter the city, so long as that traitor, namely Rainulf, remains among you!" [1139.10.3] Immediately, those who had been sent, having returned to the city, make known to all the king’s intention; and although the citizens were moved with dolor by so great an answer of the king, yet they commanded four knights that, the sepulcher being broken, the cadaver of Duke Rainulf be drawn out, and that they lead it outside the city, so that, the fury of the king having been soothed, he might enter to them peaceful. [1139.10.4] They also ordered the enemies of the aforesaid duke to a certain knight by the name Gallicanus, who had been most faithful to that duke, that this Gallicanus, on account of the injury of the defunct duke and the grief of this same Gallicanus, should break the tumulus, and should extract with his own hand the duke’s bones still encompassed with skin and stench; which Gallicanus, compelled by fear and lest he incur the fury of so great a king, alas, as if with a cheerful mind, with others drew out the duke’s bones, wrapped up, as we said!

[1139.10.5] Continuo in collo ducis defuncti funem ligari fecerunt, qui eius inimici extiterant, et usque ad castellum civitatis per plateas traxerunt; deinde reversi usque ad carbonarium foris civitatem, ubi stagnum luteum putridumque inerat, ducis ipsius suffocaverunt cadaver: heu nefas, et dictu mirabile! [1139.10.6] Totam protinus civitatem timor et luctus invadit, quod unusquisque mortem optabat, et amicorum ducis ipsius et inimicorum; regem quidem testor eternum, iudicemque seculorum, tale tantumque factum orribile in generationibus preteritis et inter Paganorum sectam nunquam legimus accidisse! [1139.10.7] Haec siquidem crudelitatis potentia quid regi illi profuit, quae victoria vel maiestatis gloria ei successit?

[1139.10.5] Straightway they caused a rope to be tied about the neck of the defunct duke, those who had been his enemies, and they dragged him through the streets as far as the castle of the city; then, returning as far as the charcoal-yard outside the city, where there was a muddy and putrid pond, they drowned the very corpse of the duke: alas, an abomination, and marvelous to say! [1139.10.6] Forthwith fear and grief seize the whole city, so that each and every person desired death, both the friends of that duke and his enemies; I call to witness the eternal King and the judge of the ages, we have never read that such and so great a horrible deed has happened in past generations and among the sect of the Pagans! [1139.10.7] For what, indeed, did this power of cruelty profit that king, what victory or glory of majesty accrued to him?

[1139.10.8] Sed ut mentis suae furorem pacare desiderans, quod non potuit exercere in viventem, operatus est in defunctum. [1139.10.9] Re vera dum predictus dux vixerat, licet cum paucis adesset, ipse tamen rex nullo modo circa ducis ipsius aciem, et si cum decem milibus armatorum instaret, propinquare audebat; unde ei visum fuit mentis suae rabiem aliquantisper fore mitigatam. Sed redeamus ad causam.

[1139.10.8] But, desiring to pacify the fury of his mind, what he could not exercise upon the living, he wrought upon the deceased. [1139.10.9] In truth, while the aforesaid duke was alive, although he was present with few, yet the king himself by no means dared to come near the battle-line of that duke, even if he were pressing on with 10,000 armed men; whence it seemed to him that the rage of his mind would be somewhat mitigated. But let us return to the cause.

[1139.10.10] Dux itaque regis illius filius factum huiusmodi audiens ad patrem accessit audacter, et facti illius ordinem redarguit et precatur patrem, ut sepulturae dux ille sic dehonestatus traderetur; rex igitur ducis filii favens orationi, sepulturae illum tradi mandavit. [1139.10.11] Et his actis, civitatis populus, ut ingrederetur ad eos, expectabat, sicut promiserat; qui nec sic voluit civitatem Troiam introire, sed castra inde amovens civitatem Barensem adivit, quam terra marique obsedit.

[1139.10.10] Therefore the duke, the son of that king, hearing of a deed of this kind, boldly approached his father, and reproved the order of that deed, and he beseeches his father that that duke, thus dehonested, be given over to sepulture; the king, therefore, favoring the oration of the son of the duke, ordered him to be consigned to sepulture. [1139.10.11] And these things done, the people of the city were awaiting that he should enter to them, as he had promised; but not even so was he willing to enter the city of Troia, rather, removing his camp from there, he went to the city of Bari, which he besieged by land and by sea.

[1139.11.1] Cumque predictus Apostolicus civitatem introisset Beneventanam, omnem ordinationem a Petro Leonis factam deposuit, et a Rossemanno; die vero Assumptionis sanctae Mariae et in passione beati Bartholomei episcopium descendit et Missarum solemnia honeste celebravit. [1139.11.2] Et his actis, predictus Apostolicus a Romanis sepe vocatus, secundo die stante mensis Septembris, iter arripuit, et Domino favente, Romam repedavit. [1139.11.3] Hoc anno, Gregorius Beneventanus antistes a domino papa Innocentio consecratus, Beneventum intravit secundo die intrante mensis Septembris, et dominus papa Guidonem diaconum cardinalem rectorem Beneventi ordinavit.

[1139.11.1] And when the aforesaid Apostolic had entered the Beneventan city, he deposed every ordination made by Peter of Leo, and by Rossemannus; and on the day of the Assumption of holy Mary and on the Passion of blessed Bartholomew he went down to the episcopium and honorably celebrated the solemnities of the Masses. [1139.11.2] And these things done, the aforesaid Apostolic, often summoned by the Romans, on the second day of the month of September, set out on the journey and, with the Lord favoring, returned to Rome. [1139.11.3] In this year, Gregory the Beneventan prelate, consecrated by lord pope Innocent, entered Benevento on the second day as the month of September was beginning, and the lord pope appointed Guy, cardinal deacon, rector of Benevento.

[1139.11.4] Audiens autem populus Romanus domini papae Innocentii adventum catervatim obviam exivit et illum gaudio magno et honore suscepit; deinde eum hortabatur ut pacem, quam cum rege Rogerio posuerat, consilio eorum confringeret. [1139.11.5] Apostolicus autem nullo modo petitionibus eorum consentire voluit; dicebat quidem sic Domino placuisse, quod per eius captionem pax huiusmodi facta fuisset.

[1139.11.4] Hearing, however, of lord Pope Innocent’s arrival, the Roman people went out in troops to meet him and received him with great joy and honor; then they urged him that, by their counsel, he should break the peace which he had set with King Roger. [1139.11.5] The Apostolic, however, was willing in no way to consent to their petitions; he did indeed say that it had so pleased the Lord, that through his capture a peace of this sort had been made.

[1139.12.1] Cumque, ut supra dictum est, prefatus rex civitatem obsedisset Barensem, Innocentius papa, cum infra civitatem esset Beneventanam, episcopum Ostiensem, virum valde venerabilem, ad civitatem Barensem delegavit, populum civitatis monendo, ut ad regis fidelitatem colla submittant et eius voluntati famulentur. [1139.12.2] Populus autem Barensis, ut erat superbi animi et elationi suppositus, episcopum illum, ut civitatem ingrederetur, nullatenus passus est, dictis quoque eius nullo modo credere pertentavit. [1139.12.3] Quid multa?

[1139.12.1] And when, as said above, the aforesaid king had besieged the city of Bari, Pope Innocent, when he was within the city of Benevento, delegated the Bishop of Ostia, a very venerable man, to the city of Bari, admonishing the people of the city to submit their necks to the king’s fidelity and to serve his will. [1139.12.2] But the people of Bari, as they were of a proud spirit and subject to elation, by no means allowed that bishop to enter the city, and they in no way attempted to credit his words. [1139.12.3] Why say more?

Episcopus ille revertens Barensis populi ferociam et elationem domino intimabat Apostolico; inde, ut dictum est, dominus papa Romam reversus est. [1139.12.4] Rex igitur Rogerius populi illius Barensis aspiciens superbiam, consilio habito, machinas lignorum et turres triginta fere ordinari precepit, ut civitatis muros et munitiones prosternat. [1139.12.5] Quibus peractis, prope civitatis murum machinas illas appropinquari virtute multa mandavit; et continuo turres, et muri civitatis prostrati frangebantur; palatia etiam civitatis, quae prope civitatis murum intrinsecus erant, fracta ruebant.

That bishop, returning, intimated to the Apostolic lord the ferocity and elation of the Bari populace; then, as has been said, the lord pope returned to Rome. [1139.12.4] Therefore King Roger, beholding the pride of that Bari people, having taken counsel, ordered machines of wood and about thirty towers to be set in order, so that they might lay low the city’s walls and fortifications. [1139.12.5] When these had been completed, he commanded those machines to be brought near to the city’s wall with great force; and immediately the towers and the walls of the city were cast down and broken; the palaces also of the city, which on the inside were near the city’s wall, shattered, were collapsing.

[1139.12.6] Sicque duorum mensium spatio, Augusti videlicet et Septembris, ruinam illam et timorem passi sunt; famis etiam asperitatem et sitis sustinentes, panem unum sex romesinis emebant; carnem, ut audivimus, equorum comedebant. [1139.12.7] Novissime autem tum pro fame, tum pro populi seditione, quae inter eos orta erat, quosdam civium cum Rogerio de Surrento princeps civitatis, Iaquintus nomine, ad prefatum regem mandavit, addens in mandatis, quia civitatem animo libenti ei rederet, dummodo securi circa eum, pace accepta, consistant; et rex captivos civitatis, quos tenebat, eis redat; similiter homines regis, quos civitas habebat, dimittat. [1139.12.8] Nec mora, pactio talis et ordinatio et regi placuit, et civitati, sicque civitatis populus, pace accepta, acquievit, et sacramentis datis, pax constituta apparuit.

[1139.12.6] And so, in the span of two months, namely of August and September, they suffered that ruin and fear; enduring also the harshness of famine and thirst, they were buying one loaf for six romesini; they ate, as we have heard, the flesh of horses. [1139.12.7] At last, however, both because of hunger and because of the sedition of the people which had arisen among them, the prince of the city, by name Iaquintus, together with Roger of Sorrento, sent certain citizens to the aforesaid king, adding in the instructions that he would return the city to him with a willing mind, provided that they might remain secure around him, peace having been accepted, and that the king return to them the captives of the city whom he held; likewise that the city release the king’s men whom it had. [1139.12.8] Without delay, such a pact and arrangement pleased both the king and the city, and thus the people of the city, peace being accepted, acquiesced, and, oaths having been given, an established peace appeared.

[1139.12.9] His ita peractis, en adest miles quidam, cui prefatus civitatis princeps oculum evelli precepit, pedibus regis prostratus oravit, ut iustitiam sibi de principe Barensi faciat, qui lumen oculorum sibi evulsit. [1139.12.10] Rex itaque continuo furore accensus, et ultra quam credi potest admirans, cursu rapido vocari fecit iudices Troianorum, Tranensium et Barensium, ut de pacto iudicarent, quod rex cum civitate Barensi posuerat, videlicet ut ex utraque parte captivi, sani et incolumes rederentur. [1139.12.11] Quid plura?

[1139.12.9] With these things thus accomplished, lo, there comes a certain soldier, for whom the aforesaid prince of the city ordered an eye to be plucked out; prostrate at the king’s feet he begged that he make justice for him concerning the prince of Bari, who tore out the light of his eyes. [1139.12.10] Therefore the king, immediately inflamed with fury, and marveling beyond what can be believed, caused to be called at a rapid run the judges of the people of Troia, Trani, and Bari, that they might judge concerning the pact which the king had set with the city of Bari, namely that on both sides the captives, sound and unharmed, be returned. [1139.12.11] What more?

A iudicibus Barensibus iudicatum est, ut princeps ille Iaquintus civitatis, qui oculum ei iussit evelli, et eius consiliarii in potestate essent regis; confestim princeps ille et consiliarii eius, Guaiferius quidam et Abiut, ceterique eorum consocii ante regem confessi sunt, iussu et consilio eorum lumen oculorum militi predicto evelli fecisse. [1139.12.12] Nec mora, principem illum et predictos viros, aliosque decem laqueo fecit suspendi prefatus rex, et decem alios oculis et membris truncari, civesque alios prudentes ligari et vinculis teneri, eorumque bona auferri; sicque de civitate illa Barensi inauditam fecit ultionem. [1139.12.13] Timor itaque et tremor tantus civitatem illam invasit, quod nemo virorum et mulierum per plateas et vicos incedere palam audebat; lacrimis quidem et suspiriis Salvatoris misericordiam invocabant, ut eorum afflictioni subvenire dignaretur.

By the Barensian judges it was judged, that that prince of the city, Iaquintus, who ordered the eye to be torn out for him, and his counselors should be in the king’s power; immediately that prince and his counselors, a certain Guaiferius and Abiut, and the rest of their associates confessed before the king that by their order and counsel they had caused the light of the eyes to be torn out from the aforesaid soldier. [1139.12.12] Without delay, the aforesaid king caused that prince and the aforesaid men, and ten others, to be hanged by a noose, and ten others to be mutilated in eyes and limbs, and other prudent citizens to be bound and held in chains, and their goods to be taken away; and thus he made unheard-of vengeance upon that city of Bari. [1139.12.13] Therefore so great a fear and trembling invaded that city, that no man or woman dared openly to go through the streets and lanes; with tears indeed and sighs they invoked the Savior’s mercy, that he might deign to succor their affliction.

[1139.12.14] His ita gestis, consilio accepto, rex ipse exercitum dividens Salernum advenit quinto die stante mensis Octobris, ibique de negotiis suis et actibus tractavit: octo re vera diebus intrantibus mensis Octobris civitas illa Barensis sic afflicta et exagitata est.

[1139.12.14] With these things thus done, counsel having been received, the king himself, dividing the army, arrived at Salerno on the fifth day of the month of October, and there he treated of his own business and acts: indeed, for eight days at the beginning of the month of October, that city of Bari was thus afflicted and harried.

[1139.13.1] Cumque Salernum rex ipse advenisset, inimicis suis terras omnes eorum abstulit et sacramento eos perstrinxit, ut ultra Montes festinarent; quod et factum est. [1139.13.2] Comitem vero Rogerium de Ariano eius adversarium simul cum uxore sua, navigio parato, in partes Siciliae captivum mandavit; sicque vindictam perficiens super inimicis, quinto die intrante mensis Novembris, navigio armato, Palormum transfretavit.

[1139.13.1] And when the king himself had arrived at Salerno, he took away from his enemies all their lands and bound them by sacrament, to hasten beyond the Mountains; which also was done. [1139.13.2] But Count Roger of Ariano, his adversary, together with his wife, with a ship prepared, he sent captive into the parts of Sicily; and thus, perfecting vengeance upon his enemies, on the fifth day, as the month of November was beginning, on an armed vessel he crossed over to Palermo.

[1139.14.1] Hoc anno, undecimo kalendas Februarii primo pullorum cantu terremotus magnus factus est, ita quod domos corruere putabamus. [1139.14.2] Cumque, ut prediximus, papa Innocentius civitatem Beneventanam recuperaret, Guidonem diaconum Romanae Sedis, virum valde discretum et moribus ornatum, rectorem civitatis Beneventanae ordinavit; qui rector usque ad kalendas Martii in civitate permansit. [1139.14.3] Deinde Apostolicus ille alium misit rectorem, Ioannem nomine, consanguineum suum, subdiaconum, et Guido ille Romam repedavit.

[1139.14.1] In this year, on January 22, at the first cockcrow, a great earthquake occurred, such that we thought the houses were going to collapse. [1139.14.2] And when, as we have said above, Pope Innocent recovered the city of Benevento, he appointed Guido, a deacon of the Roman See, a man very discreet and adorned with morals, as rector of the city of Benevento; and that rector remained in the city until March 1. [1139.14.3] Then that Apostolic sent another rector, John by name, his kinsman, a subdeacon, and that Guido returned to Rome.

[1140.1.1] Anno millesimo centesimo quadrigesimo, et undecimo anno pontificatus predicti domini Innocentii, mense Martio, tertia indictione. [1140.1.2] Hoc anno, predictus rex Rogerius Amfusum filium suum, principem Capuanorum, magno cum exercitu militum et peditum trans civitatem Piscariam misit, ut provinciam illam suae subiugaret potestati. [1140.1.3] Qui vero princeps, exercitu illo accepto, sicut rex pater eius iusserat, labore multo peregit, et Piscariam transiens castella copiosa ibi contigua et vicos comprehendit, et spolia illorum predatus est et quaedam eorum igne consumpsit.

[1140.1.1] In the year 1140, and in the 11th year of the pontificate of the aforesaid lord Innocent, in the month of March, in the 3rd indiction. [1140.1.2] In this year, the aforesaid King Roger sent Anfusus his son, prince of the Capuans, with a great army of cavalry and infantry beyond the city of Pescara, that he might subjugate that province to his power. [1140.1.3] But the prince, having received that army, as the king his father had ordered, accomplished it with much labor, and, passing Pescara, he seized numerous adjoining castles there and villages, and plundered their spoils and consumed certain of them with fire.

[1140.1.4] Diebus autem non multis interiectis, prefatus rex Rogerium ducem filium suum mille cum militibus et peditum manu copiosa in auxilium prefati principis delegavit. [1140.1.5] Dux itaque cum principe fratre suo simul alligati provinciam illam prope Romanos fines adiacentem timore multo ad eorum imperium submiserunt. [1140.1.6] Unde predictus Innocentius Apostolicus turbatus, consilio accepto Romanorum, ad eos per cardinales direxit, ne aliena invaderent et Romanis fines non usurparent.

[1140.1.4] However, with not many days interposed, the aforesaid king delegated Roger, his son the duke, with a thousand knights and a copious band of foot-soldiers, to the aid of the aforesaid prince. [1140.1.5] Therefore the duke, bound together with his brother the prince, subjected that province adjoining near the Roman borders, by much fear, to their imperium. [1140.1.6] Whence the aforesaid Innocent, the Apostolic, being disturbed, having taken counsel of the Romans, sent to them through cardinals, that they should not invade what is another’s and should not usurp the borders of the Romans.

[1140.1.7] Qui Apostolico rescribentes responderunt non aliena petere, sed solummodo terras ad principatum pertinentes velle reintegrare.

[1140.1.7] They, writing back to the Apostolic, responded that they were not seeking alien things, but wished only to reintegrate the lands pertaining to the principate.

[1140.2.1] Dum haec et alia geruntur, nominatus rex, medio mense Iulio, navigiis paratis, Salernum venit, ut filiorum ducis et principis facta, quos, ut supra dixeram, cum exercitibus miserat, agnosceret; insuper cum domino Apostolico Innocentio alloqui et simul esse excogitabat. [1140.2.2] Continuo rex ipse, consilio habito, Salernum exivit, et ducentis militibus aggregatis, prope civitatem venit Beneventanam et cum Ioanne subdiacono Romanae Sedis, tunc Beneventano rectore, et aliis Beneventanis de pace, et civitatis utilitatibus et domini Apostolici fidelitate tenenda satis abundeque locutus est. [1140.2.3] Et inde procedens Capuam ingressus est; ibique diebus non multis commorans de quibusdam suis negotiis tractavit.

[1140.2.1] While these things and others are being done, the named king, in the middle of the month of July, with the vessels prepared, came to Salerno, in order to ascertain the deeds of his sons, the duke and the prince, whom, as I said above, he had sent with armies; moreover, he was devising to confer with, and to be together with, the lord Apostolic Innocent. [1140.2.2] Immediately the king himself, a counsel having been held, departed Salerno, and, two hundred knights having been gathered, came near the city of Benevento and spoke with John, subdeacon of the Roman See, then rector of Benevento, and with other Beneventans, quite fully and abundantly about peace, and about the interests of the city, and about the fidelity to the lord Apostolic to be maintained. [1140.2.3] And proceeding thence he entered Capua; and there, tarrying not many days, he transacted some of his own business.

[1140.2.4] Deinde apud Sanctum Germanum festinavit; illico, habito consilio, legatos duci et principi filiis suis mandavit, ut ad eum reverterentur; audierat enim rex ipse, Apostolicum Innocentium de provinciae illius invasione valde turbatum esse, et contristatum. [1140.2.5] Dux autem et princeps, nuntiis acceptis, ad patrem eorum reversi sunt; universa vero oppida, quae comprehenderant, necessariis omnibus munivit.

[1140.2.4] Then he hastened to Saint Germanus; immediately, counsel having been held, he sent legates to the duke and the prince, his sons, ordering them to return to him; for the king himself had heard that Apostolic Innocent was very troubled and grieved at the invasion of that province. [1140.2.5] But the duke and the prince, the messages received, returned to their father; and indeed he fortified with all necessities all the towns which they had seized.

[1140.3.1] Et his actis, nuntios rex ipse prefato Apostolico delegavit suppliciter impetrando ut, si fieri posset, cum illo alloqui et de multis variisque negotiis terminare, desideraret. [1140.3.2] Apostolicus autem, consilio habito, tum pro temporis tempestate, tum pro aliis negotiis instantibus, eum alloqui non posse rescripsit. [1140.3.3] Rex igitur, aggregato exercitu, Capuam repedavit, et ibi aliquantisper castrametatus exercitum omnem divisit, licentiam ad propria remeandi unicuique prebens.

[1140.3.1] And these things done, the king himself delegated messengers to the aforesaid Apostolic, humbly entreating to obtain that, if it could be done, he would desire to confer with him and to settle many and various affairs. [1140.3.2] But the Apostolic, counsel having been taken, both on account of the tempest of the time and on account of other pressing businesses, wrote back that he could not confer with him. [1140.3.3] Therefore the king, the army having been assembled, marched back to Capua, and there, having encamped for a little while, he divided the whole army, granting to each permission to return to his own.

[1140.3.4] Ipse vero rex, quingentis acceptis militibus, Piscariam tetendit, quam supra diximus filios suos comprehendisse; inde procedens totam illam regionem a predictis filiis eius obtentam circuivit.

[1140.3.4] The king himself, having taken five hundred soldiers, made for Piscaria, which we have said above his sons had seized; thence proceeding, he went around the whole of that region occupied by his aforesaid sons.

[1140.4.1] Et eis omnibus studiose perscrutatis, Arianum civitatem advenit, ibique de innumeris suis actibus, curia procerum et episcoporum ordinata, tractavit. [1140.4.2] Inter cetera enim suarum dispositionum, edictum terribile induxit, totius Italiae partibus aborrendum et morti proximum, et egestati, scilicet ut nemo in toto eius regno viventium romesinas accipiat vel in mercatibus distribuat. [1140.4.3] Et mortali consilio accepto, monetam suam introduxit unam vero, cui "ducatus" nomen imposuit, octo romesinas valentem, quae magis magisque erea quam argentea probata tenebatur; induxit etiam tres follares ereos romesinam unam appretiatos.

[1140.4.1] And all these things having been diligently searched out, he came to the city of Arianum, and there, concerning his innumerable acts, with a curia of the nobles and of the bishops convened, he deliberated. [1140.4.2] Among the rest of his dispositions, indeed, he introduced a terrible edict, to be abhorred by all the parts of Italy and near to death and to destitution, namely that no one among those living in his whole kingdom should accept romesinas or distribute them in the marketplaces. [1140.4.3] And, having adopted mortal counsel, he introduced his own coinage, one only in truth, to which he imposed the name “ducat,” worth eight romesinas, which, when assayed, was held to be more and more brazen than silver; he also introduced three bronze follares valued at one romesina.

[1140.4.4] De quibus orribilibus monetis totus Italicus populus paupertati et miseriae positus est, et oppressus; et de regis illius actibus mortiferis mortem et depositionem regni optabat.

[1140.4.4] On account of which horrible monies, the whole Italic people was set in poverty and misery, and oppressed; and because of that king’s mortiferous acts, they desired his death and the deposition from the kingship.

[1140.5.1] Quibus ita mortalibus edictis et monetis inductis, rex ipse, militibus suis congregatis, Neapolim tetendit. [1140.5.2] Archiepiscopus itaque Neapolitanus, Marinus nomine, clerum omnem civitatis congregari precepit simul et cives, et adventum regis eis annuntians hortatur, ut honeste et letitia multa eum suscipiant. [1140.5.3] Cives igitur simul cum militibus civitatis foris portam Capuanam exierunt in campum, qui Neapolis dicitur, et regem ipsum honore et diligentia multa, ultra quam credi potest, amplexati sunt; et sic usque ad predictam portam Capuanam perductus est.

[1140.5.1] With such mortal edicts and moneys thus introduced, the king himself, his soldiers having been gathered, made for Naples. [1140.5.2] Therefore the Neapolitan archbishop, Marinus by name, ordered that the whole clergy of the city be assembled, as well as the citizens, and, announcing to them the advent of the king, exhorts them to receive him honorably and with much joy. [1140.5.3] The citizens therefore, together with the soldiers of the city, went outside the Capuan Gate into the field, which is called Neapolis, and they embraced the king himself with honor and much diligence, beyond what can be believed; and thus he was conducted as far as the aforesaid Capuan Gate.

[1140.5.4] Continuo presbiteri et civitatis clerus ad eandem portam obviam exivit et eum, hymnis et laudibus ad astra levatis, civitatem introduxerunt; quatuor illico viri nobiles habenas equi et pedes regis ipsius tenentes, alii quatuor usque ad episcopium civitatis regem illum perduxerunt. [1140.5.5] Frequentiam vero populi per plateam incedentis et mulieres viduas, coniugatas et virgines per fenestras existentes, lector, si aspiceres, miratus affirmares imperatorem aut regem alium sive principem tali sub honore et gaudio nunquam civitatem Neapolim ingressum fuisse. [1140.5.6] Quid multa?

[1140.5.4] Immediately the presbyters and the clergy of the city went out to meet him at the same gate and, with hymns and praises raised to the stars, led him into the city; four noble men forthwith, holding the reins of the horse and the very king’s feet, and another four conducted that king as far as the episcopal residence of the city. [1140.5.5] The throng of the people proceeding through the street, and the women—widows, married, and virgins—standing at the windows, reader, if you had looked, you would, amazed, affirm that never had an emperor or any other king or prince entered the city of Naples under such honor and joy. [1140.5.6] Why say more?

Rex ipse tali et tanto honore ditatus ad episcopium descendit et in camera archiepiscopi hospitatur; die vero altera adveniente, totam intrinsecus civitatem et foris rex ipse equitavit, et palatia et edificia circumspexit. [1140.5.7] Inde, navigio parato, ad castellum Sancti Salvatoris, civitati proximum, ascendit, et civibus Neapolitanis ibi vocatis, negotia quaedam cum illis de libertate civitatis et utilitate tractavit. [1140.5.8] Donavit insuper unicuique militi quinque modia terrae et quinque villanos et promisit eis, vita comite, munera multa et possessiones largiturum.

The king himself, endowed with such and so great an honor, went down to the episcopium and lodged in the archbishop’s chamber; but with the next day arriving, the king himself rode throughout the whole city within and without, and surveyed the palaces and edifices. [1140.5.7] Thence, a vessel having been prepared, he embarked for the Castle of Saint Savior, near to the city, and with the Neapolitan citizens called there, he handled certain business with them concerning the liberty of the city and its utility. [1140.5.8] Moreover, he granted to each soldier five modii of land and five villeins, and he promised them, life as companion, that he would bestow many gifts and possessions.

[1140.5.9] Interea noctis silentio prefatus rex totam civitatem Neapolim extrinsecus metiri fecit, cognoscere volens quantae esset circumquaque latitudinis; invenit itaque studiose metiendo in girum passus duo milia trecentum et sexaginta tres. [1140.5.10] Et passibus illis ita inventis, dum populus civitatis aggregatus esset, in eius conspectu, quasi dilectionis affectu, eis interrogare cepit, utrum sciret quot passus civitas illorum per circuitum habuisset; qui, ultra quam credi potest admirantes, se nescire profitentur; rex autem, sicut studiose invenerat, mensuram passuum, quos civitas eorum tenebat, patefecit. [1140.5.11] Unde populus omnis regem ipsum sapientiorem aliis antecessoribus et studiosiorem predicabat, et quod nunquam factum fuerat, super civitatis mensura mirabantur, quomodo rex ille fieri contractasset.

[1140.5.9] Meanwhile, in the silence of night, the aforesaid king caused the whole city of Naples to be measured from the outside, wishing to learn of what breadth it was all around; accordingly, by diligently measuring, he found in circumference 2,363 paces. [1140.5.10] And with those paces thus found, when the people of the city had assembled, in their sight, as if out of an affection of love, he began to ask them whether they knew how many paces their city had in circuit; they, marveling beyond what can be believed, profess that they do not know; but the king, just as he had diligently discovered, disclosed the measure of the paces which their city held. [1140.5.11] Whence all the people proclaimed that that king was wiser than his predecessors and more studious, and—something which had never been done—they marveled over the measuring of the city, how that king had arranged for it to be done.

[1140.5.12] Et his omnibus ita peractis, Salernum properavit et ibi diebus non multis moratus, quarto die intrante mensis Octobris, navigio parato, mare ingressus est, deinde Palormum festinavit. [1140.5.13] Dux vero filius eius in Apuliae partibus remansit, et princeps alter eius filius apud civitatem Capuam mansitavit.

[1140.5.12] And, all these things thus completed, he hastened to Salerno and, having tarried there not many days, as the fourth day of the month of October was beginning, with a ship made ready, he entered the sea, then hastened to Palermo. [1140.5.13] But the duke, his son, remained in the parts of Apulia, and the prince, his other son, stayed at the city of Capua.

[1140.6.1] Cumque, ut prediximus, predictus rex Rogerius monetas illas superius dictas introduceret, domino Ioanni subdiacono sanctae Romanae Sedis, Beneventano rectori, et civibus Beneventanis delegavit, ut monetas illas infra civitatem suscipiat; quod predictus rector audiens mirabiliter contristatur. [1140.6.2] Aiebat quidem rector ipse, quoniam sine domini papae licentia monetas illas recipere non posset, precipue cum ad totius Italiae mortem monetarum illarum introductio spectaret; tandem, communicato consilio, rector prefatus predicto pontifici regis edicta mandavit ut, quid super his negotiis esset agendum, mittere dignaretur. [1140.6.3] Pontifex itaque Innocentius, his auditis, ultra quam credi potest, condoluit et super regis Rogerii execrandis actibus mirabatur.

[1140.6.1] And when, as we have foretold, the aforesaid King Roger was introducing those coins mentioned above, he delegated to lord John, subdeacon of the Holy Roman See, rector of Benevento, and to the citizens of Benevento, that he should receive those coins within the city; which, on hearing, the aforesaid rector was marvelously saddened. [1140.6.2] The rector indeed said that without the license of the lord pope he could not receive those coins, especially since the introduction of those coins looked to the death of all Italy; at length, counsel having been conferred, the aforesaid rector sent to the aforesaid pontiff the king’s edicts, that he might deign to send what ought to be done concerning these affairs. [1140.6.3] The pontiff, therefore, Innocent, when these things had been heard, grieved beyond what can be believed, and he marveled at the execrable acts of King Roger.

[1140.6.4] Confestim Beneventanis mandavit literas suas ita continentes: [1140.6.5] Facta regis et monetarum suarum inventiones et a vobis accepimus, et ab aliis nobis in veritate referentibus. [1140.6.6] Unde mandamus, ut non terreamini neque iam mentes vestras moveatis, quoniam transitura sunt et cito possunt emendari. [1140.6.7] Nos autem circa utilitates vestras cotidie invigilamus.

[1140.6.4] Forthwith he sent his letters to the Beneventans containing thus: [1140.6.5] The deeds of the king and the contrivances of his coinage we have received both from you, and from others reporting to us in truth. [1140.6.6] Hence we command that you not be terrified, nor now disturb your minds, since they will pass away and can quickly be amended. [1140.6.7] But we keep watch daily concerning your interests.

[1140.6.8] Literis talibus acceptis et lectis, gratiarum egimus actiones et aliquantulum roborati respiravimus. [1140.6.9] Et his actis, prefatus pontifex Innocentius ad regem transmisit Rogerium significando, qualiter totus populus Italiae et extra de introductione monetarum istarum doluisset, et quomodo ad famis afflictionem devenisset . . .

[1140.6.8] Upon such letters being received and read, we rendered thanks and, somewhat strengthened, we breathed again. [1140.6.9] And these things having been done, the aforesaid Pontiff Innocent transmitted to King Roger, signifying how the whole people of Italy and beyond had grieved at the introduction of these coins, and how it had come to an affliction of famine . . .