Theodosius: Liber X

CTh.10.1.0. De iure fisci
CTh.10.2.0. De domibus ad rem privatam pertinentibus distrahendis vel praetoriis iudicum reservandis
CTh.10.3.0. De locatione fundorum iuris emphyteutici et rei publicae et templorum
CTh.10.4.0. De actoribus et procuratoribus et conductoribus rei privatae
CTh.10.5.0. Qui conductores rei privatae fideiussores exigi non debent
CTh.10.6.0. De grege dominico
CTh.10.7.0. De caesarianis
CTh.10.8.0. De bonis vacantibus
CTh.10.9.0. De incorporatione
CTh.10.10.0. De petitionibus et ultro datis et delatoribus
CTh.10.11.0. De his qui se deferunt
CTh.10.12.0. Si vagum petatur mancipium
CTh.10.13.0. De petitoribus et desistentibus
CTh.10.14.0. Si petitionis socius sine herede defecerit
CTh.10.15.0. De advocatis fisci
CTh.10.16.0. De fisci debitoribus
CTh.10.17.0. De fide et iure hastae
CTh.10.18.0. De thesauris
CTh.10.19.0. De metallis et metallariis
CTh.10.20.0. De murilegulis et gynaeceariis et monetariis et bastagariis
CTh.10.21.0. De vestibus holoveris et auratis.
CTh.10.22.0. De fabricensibus
CTh.10.23.0. De classicis
CTh.10.24.0. De his, qui cum dispensatore contraxerunt
CTh.10.25.0. De privilegiis domus augustae
CTh.10.26.0. De conductoribus et hominibus domus augustae

CTh.10.1.0. On the right of the fisc
CTh.10.2.0. On houses pertaining to the Private Estate to be sold off, or to be reserved as the praetoria of judges
CTh.10.3.0. On the leasing of estates under emphyteutic right and of the commonwealth and of temples
CTh.10.4.0. On agents and procurators and lessees of the Private Estate
CTh.10.5.0. Which lessees of the Private Estate ought not to have sureties exacted
CTh.10.6.0. On the imperial herd
CTh.10.7.0. On the Caesarians
CTh.10.8.0. On vacant goods
CTh.10.9.0. On incorporation
CTh.10.10.0. On petitions and voluntary submissions and informers
CTh.10.11.0. On those who denounce themselves
CTh.10.12.0. If a wandering slave is sought
CTh.10.13.0. On claimants and desisters
CTh.10.14.0. If a partner in a claim has failed without an heir
CTh.10.15.0. On advocates of the fisc
CTh.10.16.0. On debtors of the fisc
CTh.10.17.0. On the good faith and law of the spear-auction
CTh.10.18.0. On treasures
CTh.10.19.0. On mines and miners
CTh.10.20.0. On rat-catchers and workers of the Gynaeceum and mint-workers and baggage-porters
CTh.10.21.0. On holover garments and gold-embroidered garments.
CTh.10.22.0. On the fabrica-workers
CTh.10.23.0. On the mariners of the fleet
CTh.10.24.0. On those who have contracted with the dispensator
CTh.10.25.0. On the privileges of the House of the Augustus
CTh.10.26.0. On the lessees and men of the House of the Augustus

CTh.10.1.0. De iure fisci

CTh.10.1.0. On the law of the fisc

CTh.10.1.1

Imp. constantinus a. et caes. ad populum.

The Emperor Constantine Augustus and the Caesars to the people.

si quid a fisco fuerit occupandum vel a nobis de cetero pro unius cuiusque meritis obsequiisque donandum vel ab eodem distrahendum, intra annum, omnibus vel a petitione vel a comparatione se abstinentibus ii, qui putant iniuste res proprias a fisco esse comparatas, contra eundem agere contendant scientes gratulantesque, quod annua spatia, intra quae suum repetant, sint indulta, ac si probaverint iustitiam petitioni suae adesse, recipiant et nostro beneficio habeant restituta. dat. id. sept.

If anything is to be occupied by the fisc, or by us hereafter to be donated on account of each person’s deserts and services, or to be sold off by the same, within one year—with all others abstaining either from petition or from purchase—let those who think that their own properties have been unjustly acquired by the fisc strive to bring suit against the same, knowing and rejoicing that yearly spans within which they may reclaim what is theirs have been granted; and if they shall have proved that justice attends their petition, let them receive and, by our beneficence, have the things restored. Given on the Ides of September.

romae constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss. (315 sept. 13).

at rome, constantine augustus and licinius, consuls for the 4th time. (september 13, 315).

CTh.10.1.2 [=brev.10.1.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad severum rationalem africae. post alia: possessiones atque mancipia exempta* fisci patrimonio quibusdam donavimus.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Severus, the rationalis of Africa. After other matters: we have granted to certain persons possessions and slaves removed* from the patrimony of the fisc.

haec directo iure atque perpetuo absque omni quaestione volumus obtineri poena contra rationales et magistros privatae rei atque officiales proposita, si quid contra tentaverint etc. pp. xvi. kal.

we will that these things be maintained by direct law and perpetually, without any question, with a penalty set forth against the rationales and the masters of the private estate and the officials, if they should attempt anything contrary, etc. pp. 16. kal.

iun. romae in foro traiani, constantino a. v. et licinio c. coss.

June, at Rome in the Forum of Trajan, Constantine Augustus for the 5th time and Licinius Caesar, consuls.

interpretatio. quicumque* agri atque mancipia quibuscumque* personis de fisci nostri iure donantur, apud eos, quibus donata sunt, sine suspicione aliqua volumus permanere: contra ordinatores domorum dominicarum poena proposita, si contra praeceptionem facere cognoscuntur

interpretation. whatever* lands and chattel-slaves, to whatever* persons, are granted by the right of our fisc, we will that they remain with those to whom they have been granted without any suspicion: against the administrators of the imperial houses a penalty is set forth, if they are found to act contrary to the precept

CTh.10.1.3

Idem a. ad provinciales. iustas etiam et quae locum habent fisci actiones praecipimus concremari ob hoc solum, quod suis temporibus prolatae non sunt. iam calumniae privatorum eo saltem arceantur exemplo, quo iustas fisci lites silere praecipimus.

The same emperor to the provincials. We prescribe that even just actions of the fisc which have standing be consigned to the flames for this sole reason, that they were not brought forward at their proper times. Now let the calumnies of private persons be warded off by this example at least, whereby we order the just suits of the fisc to fall silent.

dat. iii kal. iun.

dated on the 3rd day before the Kalends of June.

constantino a. v et licinio c. conss. (319 mai. 30).

constantine augustus for the 5th time and licinius caesar, consuls (319 may 30).

CTh.10.1.4

Theodosian Code 10.1.4

Idem a. ad dometium dracontium magistrum privatae rei africae. cum fiscus litem patiatur aut inferat, anni spatium ad determinandam causam spectari oportet, quia hoc ad instruendum satis est et diutius non oportet privatorum sive fisci emolumenta fatigari. dat.

The same Augustus to Dometius Dracontius, Master of the Private Property in Africa. When the fisc undergoes or brings a suit, the span of a year ought to be regarded for determining the case, because this is sufficient for instructing it, and it is not fitting that the emoluments of private persons or of the fisc be wearied for longer. Given.

xiiii kal. iun. serdicae constantino a. vi et constante c. conss.

May 19, at Serdica, in the consulship of Constantine Augustus for the 6th time and Constans Caesar, consuls.

(320 mai. 19).

(320 May 19).

CTh.10.1.5pr.

Theodosian Code 10.1.5, preface.

Idem a. defensionis facultas danda est his, quibus aliquam inquietudinem fiscus infert, cum facultates eorundem athuc controversia pendente inquietari describique fas non sit. ubi ergo controversia extiterit fisco alicuius patrimonium vindicante, aput eum omnibus facultatibus constitutis cognitio ventiletur, ut, cum rei exitus debere eas vindicari probaverit, tum demum res persequi liceat et super modo facultatum ac rerum interrogationem haberi, quae per condicionales servos investiganda est, ut, si quid subtractum fuerit, exigatur et extrinsecus tantum aliud multae nomine, quantum fuerat per fraudem ablatum. (326 dec.

The same Augustus. The faculty of defense must be given to those upon whom the fisc inflicts any disturbance, since it is not lawful that their means, while the controversy is still pending, be disturbed and be entered on the rolls.
Where therefore a controversy shall have arisen, the fisc claiming someone’s patrimony, let the hearing be ventilated before him, with all the means set forth, so that, when the outcome of the matter shall have proved that they ought to be vindicated, then at length it may be permitted to pursue the things and, moreover, to hold an interrogation concerning the measure of the means and the things, which is to be investigated through conditional slaves, so that, if anything shall have been withdrawn, it may be exacted,
and, besides, another amount by way of a fine from outside equal to as much as had been taken away by fraud. (326 dec.

31).

CTh.10.1.5.1

Theodosian Code 10.1.5.1

Sane in huiuscemodi quaestione si caesariani nomen inciderit, ad usurpationem constitutionis istius non debebit accedere, si quidem consuetudo fraudium, quibus praedicti omnia temerare consuerunt, exceptionem eorundem meruerit. dat. prid.

Surely, in a question of this kind, if the name of a Caesarian should occur, it ought not to resort to the usurpation of this constitution, since indeed the custom of frauds, by which the aforesaid have been accustomed to temerariously violate everything, has deserved an exception against those same persons. Given, the day before.

kal. ian. sirmio constantino a. vii et constantio caes.

on the kalends of january, at sirmium
in the consulship of constantine augustus for the 7th time and constantius caesar.

conss. (326 dec. 31).

consuls. (326 dec. 31).

CTh.10.1.6

Codex Theodosianus 10.1.6

Imp. constantius a. ad hieroclem consularem syriae coeles. secundum legem, quam dudum promulgavimus, vanam appellationem recte non suscepisti.

The Emperor Constantius Augustus to Hierocles, consularis of Coele Syria. According to the law which we promulgated some time ago, you rightly did not accept a vain appeal.

de cetero quoque in causis rebusque fiscalibus huiusmodi provocationes non debebis admittere. dat. viii kal.

Moreover, henceforth, in fiscal causes and matters, you shall not admit appeals of this kind. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

mai. philippo et sallia conss. (348 apr.

may. philip and sallia, consuls. (348 apr.

24).

CTh.10.1.7

Idem a. et iulianus caes. verecundo rationali summarum. ab edicti nostri tenore, quo tempora negotiis sancienda esse censuimus, fiscales causae seiunctae sunt, quoniam fieri potest, ut per innumeras occupationes tui officii vel forte fraudulentam astutiam et venale silentium fiscalis petitio omni iustitiae ratione subnixa propter temporis angustias perimatur.

The same Augustus and Julian, Caesar, to Verecundus, rationalis of the sums. By the tenor of our edict, by which we judged that time-limits ought to be sanctioned for negotiations, fiscal causes are separated, since it can happen that through the innumerable occupations of your office or perhaps fraudulent astuteness and venal silence the fiscal petition, supported by every ratio of justice, might be extinguished on account of the straits of time.

proposita vi kal. iul. vallis constantio a. viiii et iuliano caes.

posted on June 26 at Vallis, when Constantius Augustus for the 9th time and
Julian Caesar were consuls.

conss. (357 iun. 26).

consuls. (357 jun. 26).

CTh.10.1.8

Theodosian Code 10.1.8

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad caesarium comitem rerum privatarum. universa loca vel praedia, quae nunc in iure templorum sunt quaeque a diversis principibus vendita vel donata sunt retracta, ei patrimonio, quod privatum nostrum est, placuit adgregari.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Caesarius, Count of the Private Estate.
All places or landed estates which now are under the right of temples, and which, having been sold or donated by various princes, have been retracted, it has pleased to aggregate to that patrimony which is our private property.

dat. prid. non.

given on the day before the Nones.

feb. mediolano divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 febr.

february. at milan in the consulship of the deified jovian and varronianus, consuls. (364 feb.

[?] 4).

CTh.10.1.9

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. observet in posterum eminentia tua, ne quid de rebus rei privatae violetur, nisi prius comes rerum privatarum fuerit gnarus. dat.

The same Augusti to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Let Your Eminence henceforth observe that nothing concerning the affairs of the Private Property be violated, unless first the Count of the Private Property has been cognizant. Given.

vii id. mar. mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 mart.

March 9, at Milan, when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls. (365 March

9).

CTh.10.1.10

Codex Theodosianus 10.1.10

Idem aa. ad dracontium vicarium africae. qui in contractibus scelestis ac fisco perniciosis interversorum maculosis se fraudibus implicuerunt, in quadrupli redhibitionem teneantur. dat.

The same emperors to dracontius, vicarius of africa. Those who have entangled themselves in the maculate frauds of interverters, in nefarious contracts pernicious to the fisc, shall be held to fourfold redhibition. given.

xv kal. dec. hadrumeto valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

November 17, at Hadrumetum, when Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, were consuls.

(365? 368? nov.

(365? 368? Nov.

17).

CTh.10.1.11

Theodosian Code 10.1.11

Idem aa. et gratianus a. alexandriano comiti rerum privatarum. ut perspicue colonorum utilitatibus consulatur, decima indictione singulas tantum dependant centesimas, qui reditus domui nostrae debitos quodannis iuxta consuetudinem arcariis tradunt; ita tamen, ut singularum quoque centesimarum ratio semper evidens scientiae tuae digesta referatur; videlicet ut erogationibus cunctis aperta instructione patefactis reliquorum ratio ex centesima possit agnosci. dat.

the same emperors and gratian augustus, to alexandrianus, count of the private estate. in order that the interests of the coloni (tenant-farmers) be clearly consulted, in the tenth indiction let them pay only single hundredths, those who each year, according to custom, hand over to the cashiers the revenues owed to our house; yet in such a way that the account of each hundredth also be always reported, set out clearly to your knowledge; namely, that, with all disbursements laid open by clear instruction, the account of what remains may be recognized from the hundredth. given.

vii kal. oct. dorostori lupicino et ioviano conss.

on the 7th day before the Kalends of October, at Dorostorum, in the consulship of Lupicinus and Jovianus.

(367 sept. 25).

(September 25, 367).

CTh.10.1.12

Theodosian Code 10.1.12

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. pancratio comiti rerum privatarum.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, augusti, to pancratius, count of the private estates

et mori veteri et constitutis nos maiorum accessisse cognoscas. et alytarchae urbis antiochenae plantandi plures, excidendae unius cupressi iubemus tribui facultatem. dat.

and you should recognize that we have adhered to the old custom and to the constitutions of the elders. and we order that to the alytarch of the city of Antioch the faculty be granted of planting more, and of cutting down one cypress. given.

xv kal. iul. thessalonicae ausonio et olybrio conss.

June 17, at thessalonica, ausonius and olybrius, consuls.

(379 iun. 17).

(379 June 17).

CTh.10.1.13

Theodosian Code 10.1.13

Idem aaa. ad messianum proconsulem africae. in omnibus fiscalibus causis, quisquis iudicum cognitor resederit, exceptis magnificis viris largitionum nostrarum comitibus, quos extra ordinem negotia definire non multo ante lata secundum veteres mores constitutione praecepimus, si intra eandem provinciam res agatur, duos menses satis abundeque sufficere censemus; si ex contigua personae atque instructiones necessariae putabuntur, quattuor; si ex transmarina, sex.

The same Augusti to Messianus, proconsul of Africa. In all fiscal causes, whoever of the judges has sat to take cognizance, with the Magnificent Men, Counts of Our Largesses, excepted—whom not long ago, by a constitution issued according to ancient customs, we instructed to determine business out of the ordinary order—if the matter is conducted within the same province, we judge two months to suffice amply and abundantly; if from a contiguous party and the necessary instructions are thought requisite, four; if from transmarine parts, six.

cum vero de causae meritis interposita provocatione tractabitur, in eadem provincia partibus constitutis intra viginti, si ex contigua, intra quadraginta dies negotium terminetur. dat. xv kal.

When, however, the matter shall be handled on the merits with an appeal interposed, in
the same province, with the parties present, let the business be concluded within 20 days; if from a neighboring province, within 40 days. Given on the 15th before the Kalends.

octob. aquileiae arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 sept.

october, at aquileia
under arcadius augustus for the 1st time and bauto, consuls. (385 sept.

17).

CTh.10.1.14

Theodosian Code 10.1.14

Idem aa. hyperechio comiti rerum privatarum. auri atque argenti maximum pondus plurimis diversisque temporibus usurpatum et ad aerarii nostri rationes non relatum cognovimus. quod ne in dispendium rei privatae procedat, ut facilius accepti expensique ratio clarescat, nihil volumus de collatione praedicta absque nostri auctoritate in quibuscumque provinciis usurpari, quo facilior sit discussio pecuniae, cuius nobis fuerit summa testatior.

The same Augusti, to Hyperechius, count of the private estate. We have learned that a very great weight of gold and silver, employed at many and diverse times, has not been entered into the accounts of our treasury. Lest this proceed to the detriment of the private estate, and that the reckoning of receipts and expenditures may be clearer, we will that nothing of the aforesaid collation be exacted without our authority in whatever provinces, whereby the scrutiny of the money may be easier, the total of which will be more attested to us.

dat. xvi kal. ian.

dated the 16th day before the Kalends of January.

mediolano caesario et attico conss. (397 dec. 17).

at Milan, under the consuls Caesarius and Atticus. (397 dec. 17).

CTh.10.1.15

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. ad paulum comitem domorum. si qua usquam loca ad sacrum dominium pertinentia cuiuslibet temeritas occupavit, secundum veteris census fidem in sua iura retrahentur.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Paul, Count of the Houses. If any places anywhere pertaining to the sacred domain have been occupied by anyone’s temerity, they shall be drawn back into their proper rights according to the authority of the old census.

rescripta igitur obreptionibus impetrata cum praescribtione longi temporis et novi census praeiudicio submovebit auctoritas tua atque ita omnia suo corpori quae sunt avulsa restituet. neque enim aut precatio colorata aut incubatio diuturna aut novella professio proprietatis nostrae privilegium abolere potuerunt. dat.

Therefore the rescripts obtained by surreption, together with the prescription of long time and with the prejudice of a new census, your authority will remove; and thus it will restore to its own corpus whatever things have been torn away. For neither a colored petition nor long incubation nor a novel profession has been able to abolish the privilege of our property. Given.

v kal. april. constantinopoli arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss.

5 days before the Kalends of April, at Constantinople, Arcadius for the 4th and Honorius for the 3rd, Augusti, consuls.

(396 mart. 28).

(396 mar. 28).

CTh.10.1.16

Theodosian Code 10.1.16

Idem aa. apollodoro. omnium praediorum, quae rei nostrae adgregata sunt, in diversis speciebus maxima pars passim ab improbis direpta est. et quamvis secundum iuris ordinem ea, quae erepta sunt, in quadruplum oportuerit postulari, clementiae tamen nostrae moderationem secuti decernimus ex eo die, ex quo iussio nostra fuerit celebrata, cessantibus frustratoriis defensionibus, quibus in exactorum personam refertus commissa direptio, intra tres menses ea tantum quae constiterit pervasa restitui.

The same Augusti to Apollodorus. Of all the estates that have been aggregated to our fisc, in diverse kinds the greater part has been plundered here and there by wicked men. And although, according to the order of law, those things which have been snatched ought to be demanded in quadruple, yet, following the moderation of our clemency, we decree that from the day on which our injunction shall have been promulgated, with frustratory defenses ceasing, by which the committed depredation is shifted onto the persons of the collectors, within three months only those things which it shall have been established were seized are to be restored.

quod si quispiam ingratus nostro beneficio solutionem distulerit, in dupli poena teneatur obnoxius. qua condicione eos quoque volumus adstringi, qui in fugam versi esse dicuntur, ut, nisi intra constitutum tempus quae sunt direpta reddantur, ut ad modum dupli rei nostrae eorum praedia vindicentur. officia quoque iudicum diversorum, si non exactores et compulsores, quorum direptio arguitur, repraesentaverint tempore superius constituto, eadem poena retinebit, ipsis adversus fugientes actione servata.

But if anyone ungrateful to our benefit should defer payment, let him be held liable under the penalty of double. By which condition we also wish those to be constrained who are said to have turned to flight, so that, unless within the appointed time the things that have been plundered are returned, their estates shall be vindicated to our fisc to the measure of double. The offices too of the various judges, if they shall not have produced at the time set above the collectors and enforcers (compellers), whose depredation is alleged, shall be held by the same penalty, with the action reserved to themselves against the fugitives.

iudicum quoque segnitiam in hac parte gravissima multa feriendam esse censemus. dat. xii kal.

we judge that the sloth of the judges also in this matter must be struck with a very heavy fine. given on the 12th day before the kalends.

decemb. mediolano theodoro v. c. cons. (399 nov.

december at milan theodorus most distinguished man consul. (399 nov.

20).

CTh.10.1.17

Theodosian Code 10.1.17

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. patricio comiti rerum privatarum. super creandis susceptoribus dispositionem tuae sublimitatis firmam esse praecipimus periculo procuratorum rei dominicae, ita ut omni ambitione cessante quae statuta sunt quaeque antiqua consuetudine commendantur, in pabulis vel sumptu familiae ministrando intemerata permaneant, super irenarcho et optione omni antiqua consuetudine observanda.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Patricius, Count of the Private Estates. Concerning the appointing of susceptores, we order that the ordinance of your Sublimity stand firm, with liability upon the procurators of the imperial domain, so that, all canvassing ceasing, the things that have been enacted and that are commended by ancient custom may remain inviolate in the providing of fodder or in supplying the expenses of the household, with respect to the irenarch and the optio, all ancient custom being observed.

dat. iii kal. ian.

Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of January.

constantinopoli theodosio a. viiii et constantio iii conss. (420 dec. 30).

at Constantinople Theodosius Augustus for the 9th time and Constantius for the 3rd were consuls. (420 dec. 30).

CTh.10.2.0. De domibus ad rem privatam pertinentibus distrahendis vel praetoriis iudicum reservandis

CTh.10.2.0. On houses pertaining to the Private Estate to be sold off, or the praetoria of judges to be reserved

CTh.10.2.1

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. comiti largitionum.

the emperors valens, gratian, and valentinian, augusti, to the count of the largesses.

rationales vel ordinarii iudices earum domorum, quas procuratorum nequitia et rationalium neglegentia labi patitur in ruinas, instituant auctionem hastis habitis ex licitatione currente. sane si quae sunt per varias provincias huiuscemodi domus, quales esse in augustensi suitranea civitate suggeritur vel aliis in locis, praestantes et privatis usibus ampliores, ut servari forsitan oportebit, iudicum mansionibus deputandas provincialium et eorum cura reficiendas. dat.

the rationales or ordinary judges of those houses, which the wickedness of the procurators and the negligence of the rationales allows to slip into ruins, shall establish an auction, the spears having been set up, with the bidding proceeding from the licitation.
moreover, if there are in various provinces houses of this kind, such as are reported to exist in the Augustensian city of Sutranea or in other places, outstanding and more ample than for private uses, such that perhaps they ought to be preserved, they are to be assigned to the mansions of the provincial judges and to be repaired by their care. given.

vii kal. octob. valente vi et valentiniano ii aa. conss.

september 24, in the consulship of valens for the 6th time and valentinian for the 2nd, the augusti, consuls.

(378 sept. 25).

(September 25, 378).

CTh.10.2.2

Theodosian Code 10.2.2

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. firmino comiti sacrarum largitionum. ne domus ad nostrum patrimonium pertinentes, quae sunt in diversis urbibus, ex neglegentia nostro aerario adferant detrimentum, omnes licitatione habita volumus venundari.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Firminus, count of the sacred largesses. Lest the houses pertaining to our patrimony, which are in various cities, through negligence bring detriment to our treasury, we will that all be sold after a public bidding has been held.

palatinos autem fide probatos ire praecipimus. ordinarios quoque iudices tua sublimitas admonebit, ut certa pretiorum fides et domorum sit iusta in auctione taxatio. dat.

Moreover, we order that palatines proven in fidelity go.
Your Sublimity will also admonish the ordinary judges, that there be a sure reliability of prices and a just valuation of the houses in the auction. Given.

kal. novemb. mediolano honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss.

on the Kalends of November, at Milan, Honorius Augustus for the 4th time and Eutychianus being consuls.

(398 oct. 27).

(October 27, 398).

CTh.10.3.0. De locatione fundorum iuris emphyteutici et rei publicae et templorum

CTh.10.3.0. On the leasing of estates of emphyteutic right and of the republic and of temples

CTh.10.3.1

Imp. iulianus a. secundo praefecto praetorio. post alia: possessiones publicas civitatibus iubemus restitui ita, ut iustis aestimationibus locentur, quo cunctarum possit civitatium reparatio procurari.

Emperor Julian Augustus to Secundus, praetorian prefect. After other matters: We order that the public possessions be restored to the cities, in such a way that they be leased at just appraisals, whereby the restoration of all the cities can be procured.

proposita id. mart. constantinopoli mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 mart.

posted on the Ides of March at Constantinople, Mamertinus and Nevitta consuls. (362 March

13?).

CTh.10.3.2 [=brev.10.2.1]

Imppp. valent., valens et grat. aaa.

The emperors valentinian, valens and gratian augusti.

ad probum pf. p. curialibus omnibus conducendorum rei publicae praediorum ac saltuum inhibeatur facultas: illo etiam observando, ne quis curialium vel de extraneis civitatibus fundos aut loca huius modi conductione suscipiat. dat. vi. kal.

To Probus, the praetorian prefect: let the faculty be inhibited to all curiales of leasing the estates and forest-lands of the res publica;
with this also being observed, that no one, whether a curial or from outside cities, should undertake farms or places of this kind by lease. Given on the 6th day before the
Kalends.

iul. treviris, modesto et arintheo coss.

Jul., at Trier, Modestus and Arintheus, consuls.

interpretatio. omnibus curialibus conducendorum rei publicae agrorum ac saltuum licentia denegetur: illo specialiter observando, ut nullus curialis vel de extraneis civitatibus agros ac loca supra scripta sub qualibet conductione suscipiat, ne sub hac occasione servitia curiae debita non impendat

interpretation. let the license of leasing the commonwealth’s fields and woodlands be denied to all curials: with this to be observed in particular, that
no curial or one from foreign cities shall undertake the above-written fields and places under any lease, lest under this pretext he fail to render the services
owed to the curia

CTh.10.3.3

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. pancratio comiti rerum privatarum.

emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, augusti. to pancratius, count of the private estates

secundum legem divi valentiniani, quae semel conductas possessiones nulla ad alios constituit ratione transferri, nullum priorem conductorem a secundo patiaris excludi, sed penes eos iugem permanere iubeas possessionem, quos priore conductionis iure eandem meruisse constiterit. dat. prid.

according to the law of the deified valentinian, which decrees that holdings once leased are to be transferred to no others for any reason, allow no prior lessee to be excluded by a second, but order the possession to remain in continuous tenure with those whom it has been established to have merited the same by the prior right of the leasing. given, the day before.

id. iun. thessalonicae gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss. (380 iun.

the ides of june at thessalonica
under gratian 5 and theodosius 1, the augusti, consuls. (380 jun.

12).

CTh.10.3.4

Theodosian Code 10.3.4

Idem aaa. nebridio comiti rerum privatarum. ut quisque conductor fuerit inventus possessor fundi, qui ex publico vel templorum iure descendit, huic cum augmento oblato ager iungatur inutilior.

The same Augusti, to Nebridius, Count of the Private Estate. That whoever as a conductor (lessee) shall have been found possessor of a fundus, which descends from public law or from the law of temples, to him, with an augmentation offered, a more unprofitable field shall be joined.

quod si contra id reluctandum existimaverit, alius possessor sub eadem praestatione quaeratur, vel si voluntarius quis conductor non invenietur, tunc ad possessores antiquos, id est decuriones vel quoslibet alios, loca iuris praedicti adiunctis inutilibus revertantur sine adiectione tertia, idoneis fideiussoribus praebitis. dat. xv kal.

but if he shall have judged that one must resist against this, let another possessor be sought under the same prestation; or, if some voluntary conductor is not found, then let the places of the aforesaid right, with the unprofitable [lands] adjoined, revert to the former possessors—that is, the decurions or any others—without a third addition, suitable fidejussors having been provided. given on the 15th day before the Kalends.

feb. constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 ian.

feb. at constantinople merobaude 2 and saturninus, consuls. (383 jan.

18).

CTh.10.3.5

Theodosian Code 10.3.5

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. aedificia, hortos adque areas aedium publicarum et ea rei publicae loca, quae aut includuntur moenibus civitatum aut pomeriis sunt conexa, vel ea quae de iure templorum aut per diversos petita aut aeternabili domui fuerint congregata, vel civitatum territoriis ambiuntur, sub perpetua conductione, salvo dumtaxat canone, quem sub examine habitae discussionis constitit adscriptum, penes municipes, collegiatos et corporatos urbium singularum collocata permaneant omni venientis extrinsecus atque occulte conductionis adtemptatione submota.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Messala, Praetorian Prefect. Buildings, gardens, and the areas of public edifices, and those places of the Commonwealth which either are enclosed by the walls of the cities or are connected with the pomeria, or those which by right of temples or through diverse petitions or have been gathered to the Eternal House, or are encompassed by the territories of the cities, shall remain, under perpetual lease, saving only the canon, which, after an inquiry held under examination, has been established as recorded, in the possession of the municipes, collegiates, and corporates of the several cities, with every attempt at incoming outside and clandestine leasing removed.

officia etiam palatina decem librarum auri multae subiaceant, si cui adversus praecepta huius sanctionis venienti aditum adsentatione praestiterint. dat. vi kal.

Let the Palatine offices also be subject to a fine of ten pounds of gold, if to anyone
coming in contravention of the precepts of this sanction they shall have afforded access by adulation. Given on the 6th day before the Kalends.

dec. mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss. (400 nov.

Dec., at Milan, under Stilicho and Aurelianus as consuls. (400 Nov.)

26).

CTh.10.3.6

Idem aa. nestorio comiti rei privatae. nullus palatinorum, qui in officio rei privatae nostrae militat, conductoris nomine vel per se vel per quamlibet personam possessionum huiusmodi conducendarum habeat facultatem. dat.

The same emperors to Nestor, count of the Privy Purse. Let none of the palatines who serves in the office of our Privy Purse have the capacity, under the name of a conductor (lessee), either by himself or through any person whatsoever, to lease possessions of this kind. Given.

vi kal. aug. vincentio et fravitta conss.

on the 6th day before the kalends of august, in the consulship of vincentius and fravitta.

(401 iul. 27).

(401 July 27).

CTh.10.3.7pr.

Theodosian Code 10.3.7 preface.

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. ursacio comiti rerum privatarum. post alia: emphyteutici iuris praedia ita locari praecipimus, ut cessante illustris privatarum comitis iussione quanta sors in aliis functionibus fuerit sublevata, tanta etiam in pensione dematur.

Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Ursacius, Count of the Private Property. After other things: we prescribe that estates of emphyteutic right be leased in such a way that with the order of the Illustrious Count of the Private Property ceasing, whatever portion has been relieved in other functions shall likewise be deducted in the rent.

(417 mai. 14).

(417 May 14).

CTh.10.3.7.1

Illut quoque pari diligentia statuimus, ut, si quis etiam rescriptum de nostris altaribus meruerit alium inspectorem loca debere discutere, subreptio ista vacuetur et illut valeat, quod probatissimi peraequatoris generalis electio, non specialis et gratiosa forsitan, definivit ambitio. dat. prid.

We also have decreed with equal diligence, that, if anyone has even obtained a rescript from our altars that another inspector ought to examine the places, let that surreption be voided and let that prevail which the election of a most approved general equalizer— not, perhaps, a special and gracious ambition— has defined. ambition. given, the day before.

id. mai. ravennae honorio a. xi et constantio ii conss. (417 mai.

on the Ides of May at Ravenna, with Honorius, Augustus, for the 11th time, and Constantius for the 2nd time, as consuls. (May 417

14).

CTh.10.4.0. De actoribus et procuratoribus et conductoribus rei privatae

CTh.10.4.0. On the actors and procurators and lessees of the private property

CTh.10.4.1 [=brev.10.3.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad philippum vicarium urbis. si quis ab actore rerum privatarum nostrarum sive a procuratore fuerit vexatus, super eius calumniis vel depraedationibus deferre querimoniam non dubitet.

Emperor constantine augustus to philippus, vicar of the city. If anyone has been vexed by an actor of our private estate or by a procurator, regarding
his calumnies or depredations, let him not hesitate to bring a complaint.

quae res quum fuerit comprobata, sancimus, ut idem, qui contra provincialem quicquam moliri fuerit ausus, publice concremetur, quoniam gravior poena constituenda est in hos, qui nostri iuris sunt et nostra debent custodire mandata. dat. iii.

When this matter shall have been corroborated, we sanction that the same person who has dared to contrive anything against a provincial shall be publicly burned, since a graver penalty is to be constituted against those who are of our jurisdiction and ought to guard our mandates. Given on the 3.

non. mart. heracleae, constantino a. iii.

nones of march, at heraclea, in the 3rd consulship of constantine augustus.

et licinio iii. coss.

and licinius, consuls for the 3rd time.

interpretatio. quicumque* ab actore dominico vel procuratore fuerit alicuius iniuriae improbitate vexatus, de eorum calumniis vel depraedationibus ad principem convolare debebit. quae res si potuerit approbari, eos, qui circa provinciales talia facere ausi sunt, placuit incendio concremari, quia graviorem poenam principes constitui voluerunt in eos, qui sui iuris sunt et sua debent custodire mandata

interpretation. whoever has been harassed by the wickedness of some injury by a dominical actor or a procurator, from their calumnies or
depredations ought to fly to the emperor. If this matter can be proven, it has been decided that those who have dared to do such things against the provincials
be consumed by fire, since the princes wished a graver penalty to be established against those who are sui juris and ought to keep their own mandates

CTh.10.4.2 [=brev.10.3.2]

Impp. valent. et valens aa. ad severum vicarium urbis.

the emperors valentinian and valens, augusti, to severus, vicar of the city.

divum iulianum hoc competentissime decrevisse comperimus, ut actores rei privatae nostrae minime necessitatibus terrerentur atque afflictarentur iniuriis, quas saepe numero rectores provinciarum vel arrogatione illicita principalium vel propriis decretis ordinis fieri censuissent. quod adeo nos probamus, ut ratum esse iubeamus. dat.

We have found that the deified Julian most competently decreed this: that the actors (agents) of our Private Estate should by no means be terrified by pressures or afflicted by injuries, which very often the governors of the provinces had deemed should be done either by an illicit arrogation of imperial prerogatives or by their own decrees of the order. This we so approve that we order it to be valid. Given.

xi. kal. aug. mediolano, valentin.

on the 11th day before the kalends of august, at milan, valentinian.

et valente aa. coss.

and Valens, the Augusti, as consuls.

interpretatio. iulianum principem bene ac salubriter statuisse certissimum est, ut actores domus dominicae nullis necessitatibus turbarentur aut fatigarentur iniuriis, quas eis frequenter rectores provinciarum per suggestiones principalium facere consuessent. cuius facti constitutionem in tantum rationabilem et necessariam iudicamus, ut firmam permanere iubeamus

interpretation. it is most certain that the princeps Julian determined well and wholesomely, that the agents of the imperial house be disturbed by no necessities or wearied by injuries, which the rectors of the provinces were frequently accustomed to inflict upon them through the suggestions of the principales. of which act we judge the constitution so reasonable and necessary, that we order it to remain firm

CTh.10.4.3

Idem aa. ad crescentem vicarium africae. in negotio criminali per rationalem colonos vel conductores rei privatae nostrae, quorum repraesentatio poscitur, exhibendos esse sinceritas tua cognoscat, in civili vero causa defensorem domus nostrae adesse debere. dat.

The same Augusti to Crescentius, Vicar of Africa. In a criminal matter, let your Sincerity know that, through the Rationalis, the coloni or conductores of our res privata, whose production is demanded, must be produced; but in a civil cause the defensor of our house ought to be present. Given.

prid. non. april.

the day before the Nones of April.

alteio valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (370? 373?

Alteio, Valentinian and Valens, the augusti, consuls. (370? 373?

apr. 4).

Apr. 4).

CTh.10.5.0. Qui conductores rei privatae fideiussores exigi non debent

CTh.10.5.0. Lessees of the private estate ought not to have sureties exacted

CTh.10.5.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. eulogio comiti rerum privatarum. quidquid divi parentis nostri valentiniani senioris iussio de fundis privatae rei continebat, nostra etiam auctoritate firmamus.

Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Eulogius, Count of the Private Property. Whatever the command of our deified parent Valentinian the Elder contained concerning the estates of the Private Property, we also confirm by our authority.

ut igitur ille praeceperat, ne consistoriani comites fideiussores in suscipiendis possessionibus darent, quod etiam divus gratianus secutus est, custodiri oportet. dat. iii kal.

As therefore he had prescribed, that consistorial counts not give fidejussors in the receiving of possessions, which the deified Gratian also followed, it ought to be kept. Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

mai. mediolano honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss. (398 apr.

may. at Milan, Honorius Augustus for the 4th time and Eutychianus
consuls. (398 april

29).

CTh.10.6.0. De grege dominico

CTh.10.6.0. On the imperial flock

CTh.10.6.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. caesario praefecto praetorio. propositis sublimis magnificentiae tuae minimi maximique moneantur edictis, ut sciant singulas auri libras ex propriis facultatibus eruendas pro singulis equis vel equabus sive hermogenianis sive palmatis, nisi eas sponte obtulerint, in his vero, quos ex aliis gregibus occupatos esse constiterit, sex auri uncias fisci viribus inferendas.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Caesarius, Praetorian Prefect. By edicts of your sublime Magnificence, let the least and the greatest be admonished, that they should know that single pounds of gold are to be extracted from their own resources for each horse or mare, whether Hermogenian or Palmate, unless they have offered them of their own accord; but in the case of those which it has been established were seized from other herds, six ounces of gold are to be paid into the resources of the fisc.

dat. prid. kal.

Given, on the day before the Kalends.

dec. constantinopoli olybrio et probino conss. (395 [396/7] nov.

dec. at constantinople, in the consulship of olybrius and probinus. (395 [396/7] nov.

30).

CTh.10.7.0. De caesarianis

CTh.10.7.0. On the Caesariani

CTh.10.7.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad bithynos. caesarianos in actu dumtaxat constitutos ad perfectissimatus vel ducenae vel centenae vel egregiatus dignitates non oportet admitti.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to the Bithynians. It is not proper that the Caesariani appointed only for active service be admitted to the dignities of the Perfectissimate, or of the ducenary or centenary, or of the Egregiate.

sed si inculpate compleverint suum officium et ab omni vacent ratione fiscali iudicio, datam huiusmodi dignitatem prodesse eis oportet. dat. xii kal.

but if they shall have blamelessly fulfilled their office and are clear, in judicial scrutiny, of any fiscal reckoning, a dignity of this kind that has been granted ought to profit them. Given on the 12th day before the Kalends.

aug. gallicano et basso conss. (317 iul.

aug. in the consulship of gallicanus and bassus. (317 jul.

21).

CTh.10.7.2

Codex Theodosianus 10.7.2

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. non convenit caesarianos inconsultis nobis ad alicuius corporis molestiam devocari.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. It is not fitting that the Caesarians be summoned, without consulting us, to the molestation of any corporation.

quapropter si alicui corpori necessarii fuerint visi, ad nostram mansuetudinem referatur, ut nobis decernentibus his iubeantur adiudicari, quibus eos rectissima ratione postulari nostra mansuetudo perspexerit. dat. x kal.

Wherefore, if they shall have seemed necessary to any body, let it be referred to Our Clemency, so that, upon our decision, these
be ordered to be adjudged to those by whom Our Clemency has perceived that they are requested with the most upright reason. Given on the 10 Kalends.

mai. sirmio divo ioviano et varroniano consulibus. (364 apr.

May. At Sirmium, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and
Varronianus. (364 apr.

[?] 22).

CTh.10.8.0. De bonis vacantibus

CTh.10.8.0. On vacant goods

CTh.10.8.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad aemilium virum perfectissimum rationalem. si quando adnotationes nostrae contineant possessionem sive domum quam donaverimus integro statu donatam, hoc verbo ea vis continebitur, quam antea scribebamus, cum adiacentibus et mancipiis et pecoribus et fructibus et omni iure suo, ut ea, quae ad instructum possessionis vel domus pertinent, tradenda sint.

The Emperor Constantine Augustus to Aemilius, a most perfect man, rationalis. If ever our annotations should contain an estate or a house which we have granted as granted in an unimpaired state, by this word the force will be encompassed which we previously used to write—together with appurtenances and slaves and herds and fruits and all its right—so that the things which pertain to the outfit of the estate or house are to be delivered.

dat. vi id. mar. mediolano constantino a. iii et licinio iii conss.

dated at milan on march 10, in the consulship of constantine augustus for the 3rd time and licinius for the 3rd time, consuls.

(313 mart. 10).

(313 Mar. 10).

CTh.10.8.2

Theodosian Code 10.8.2

Idem a. ad priscum rationalem. ne principali liberalitate praeventa dominium quis rei alienae affectet, iubemus, quotiens iure suadente aliquorum bona ex officio tuo fuerint occupata, breves eorum plenissimos ad virum perfectissimum comitem et amicum nostrum mitti, ne fraudibus caesarianorum inminuantur vel petentibus aliquid abiuretur; poena contra rationalem et officium eius proposita, si petitorem ante possidere permiserint id quod ei donatum est priusquam praedicti breves commeaverint. dat.

Likewise, the emperor, to Priscus, the rationalis. Lest, forestalled by imperial liberality, anyone aim at the dominion of another’s property, we order that, whenever, with the law advising, the goods of some persons have been seized by your office, their most complete briefs be sent to the most perfect man, the count and our friend, lest by the frauds of the Caesariani they be diminished or anything be abjured to those petitioning; a penalty being set forth against the rationalis and his office, if they shall have permitted the petitioner to possess beforehand that which has been donated to him before the aforesaid briefs have circulated. Given.

v id. mar. sirmio constantino a. v et licinio caes. conss.

On the 5th day before the Ides of March, at Sirmium,
when Constantine Augustus, for the 5th time, and Licinius Caesar, were consuls.

(319 mart. 11).

(March 11, 319).

CTh.10.8.3 [=brev.10.4.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad severum pf. u. nec interpellatis his, quibus pro laboribus suis ac meritis aliquid donaverimus, sed in iure suo, hoc est sine molestia litis manentibus, concitatorem iudicii, qui inquietudinem inferre tentaverit, examini tuo praesentari oportet, ut citra molestiam possidentis ius suum manifestis probationibus doceat: in quo partes reluctantis ipse suscipies, quoniam fructus liberalitatis nostrae pulsatur. hac enim lege sancimus, ut, quicumque* in tales venient querelas, secundum praedictam formam ius suum ostendant: his, quae comperta fuerint, ad nostram scientiam referendis, ut salva possidentium proprietate, quibus, ut dictum est, in perpetuum quaesita est firmitas possidendi, deliberationis nostrae sit, qualiter his, qui allegationes suas probaverint, beneficio lenitatis nostrae extrinsecus debeat subveniri.

Emperor constantine augustus to severus, prefect of the city. and without interpellating those to whom we have granted something for their labors and merits, but they remaining in their right, that is, without the molestation of a suit, the inciter of a proceeding, who shall have tried to bring in disquiet, ought to be presented to your examination, so that, without the molestation of the possessor, he may demonstrate his own right by manifest probations: in which you yourself will take up the part of the one resisting, since the fruits of our liberality are being assailed. for by this law we sanction that whoever* shall come into such complaints must show his right according to the aforesaid form: with the things that shall have been discovered being referred to our knowledge, so that, the property of the possessors being safe, for whom, as has been said, a firmness of possessing has been acquired in perpetuity, it may belong to our deliberation in what manner those who shall have proved their allegations ought to be aided from without by the benefit of our lenity.

recitata iii. non. aug.

recited on August 3.

in palatio, constantino a. vii. et constantio c. coss.

in the palace, Constantine Augustus for the 7th time and Constantius Caesar, consuls.

interpretatio. non inquietentur ii, quibus aliqua pro suo labore donavimus, sed omnibus, quae a nobis donata sunt, in ipsorum iure positis, is, qui eos inquietare voluerit, ad iudicii audientiam protrahatur, ut sine aliqua molestia possidentis ius suum pulsator valeat confirmare: omnibus, quae hac de re inter praefatos acta fuerint, ad nostram notitiam referendis, ut et nostris inquietatus remediis adiuvetur

interpretatio. let not those be disquieted, to whom we have donated some things for their labor; but with all the things that have been donated by us set in their own right, let him who will have wished to disquiet them be brought to the hearing of the court, so that, without any annoyance to the possessor, the plaintiff may be able to confirm his own right: with all things that shall have been done concerning this matter between the aforementioned persons being reported to our notice, so that the one disquieted may also be aided by our remedies

CTh.10.8.4

Imp. constantius a. ad iuvenalem rationalem numidiae. quamvis plurimis petentibus facultates eorum, qui sub hoste publico egerunt adque in proelio poenas debitas pependerunt, liberalitas nostra largita sit, tamen volumus, ut aurum argentum et mancipia urbana et vestes ceteraque mobilia petitores habeant, qui iam meruerunt vel postea impetraturi sunt, mancipia autem rustica et possessiones et domus ad fiscum pertineant officii tui instantia, his etiam reddituris, qui haec percepisse noscuntur, ut constitutio et de praeterito et deinceps habeat firmitatem.

Emperor Constantius Augustus to Iuvenalis, rationalis of Numidia. Although to very many petitioners our liberality has bestowed the resources of those who acted under the public enemy and paid the due penalties in battle, nevertheless we wish that gold, silver, and urban slaves and garments and the other movables the petitioners shall have, who have already merited or will afterwards obtain; but rustic slaves and estates and houses shall pertain to the fisc by the urgency of your office, with these also to be restored by those who are known to have received them, so that the constitution may have firmness both with respect to what is past and henceforth.

dat. v id. iun. constantio a. iiii et constante a. iii conss.

Dated June 9, when Constantius Augustus for the 4th time and Constans Augustus for the 3rd were consuls.

(346 iun. 9).

(346 June 9).

CTh.10.8.5

THEODOSIAN CODE 10.8.5

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. hermocrati comiti rerum privatarum. si vacantia vel caduca bona delata legibus ad aerarium in achaia perhibeantur, certi palatini electi et iure iurando obstricti mittantur, ut eorum instantia vir spectabilis proconsul praesente fisci patrono diligenter inquirat, cuius vacans caducumque fuerit patrimonium quantumque vel quale videatur.

The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian, Augusti, to Hermocrates, Count of the Private Estate. If vacant or escheated goods, conveyed by the laws to the treasury, are reported in Achaia, let certain Palatine men, chosen and bound by oath, be sent, so that at their instigation the man of spectabilis rank, the Proconsul, with the patron of the fisc present, may diligently inquire whose patrimony has been vacant or escheated, and how much and of what kind it appears.

et cum data reclamandi copia nullum id iure possidere vel vindicare constiterit locumque aerario factum esse tam ipsius relatione quam publicorum monumentorum fide constiterit, rerum nobis notitia intimetur, ut iussu nostro vacantia vel caduca nomine occupentur aerarii, quo petentes a nobis huiusmodi res sic demum, si ita visum fuerit, responsum legitimum mereantur: quorum petitiones, antequam res praedicto ordine procurentur, nec accipiendas nec instruendas esse censemus. quae forma etiam in parte bonorum in una alterave re seu actione una vel etiam pluribus servetur. nam si quid per fraudem in dispendium aerarii fuerit admissum, missi quidem executores, non vitante indignationem proconsule, parte facultatum dimidia multabuntur: fisci vero patronus detrimentum, quod vitio eius fisco ingeritur, resarcire urguebitur aut si litem improbe cuiquam intenderit, redhibitione sumptuum damnorumque cohercebitur, petitores autem bonorum omni petitionis emolumento carebunt.

and when, with an opportunity of protesting having been given, it has been established that no one possesses or vindicates it by right, and that title has accrued to the Treasury both by his own report and by the trustworthiness of the public records, notice of the matter shall be intimated to us, so that by our order the vacant or caducary goods may be occupied in the name of the Treasury; whereby those who petition from us for such things shall then at last, if it so seems, merit a legitimate response: whose petitions, before the matter is handled in the aforesaid order, we judge neither to be received nor to be drawn up. Let this form likewise be observed even for a part of the goods, in one or another item or in one action or even in several. For if anything shall have been admitted by fraud to the detriment of the Treasury, the executors who were sent, the proconsul not escaping indignation, shall be fined a half part of their means; but the patron of the Fisc shall be compelled to make good the loss which, by his fault, is brought upon the Fisc; or, if he has improperly brought a suit against anyone, he shall be constrained by repayment of costs and damages; but the petitioners for the goods shall be deprived of every advantage of their petition.

dat. vii id. octob. constantinopoli d. n. theodosio a. xv et qui fuerit nuntiatus conss.

given on 9 october at constantinople, in the consulship of our lord theodosius, augustus, for the 15th time, and of whoever shall have been announced, consuls.

(435 oct. 9).

(435 October 9).

CTh.10.9.0. De incorporatione

CTh.10.9.0. On incorporation

CTh.10.9.1

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad florianum comitem rerum privatarum.

emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, augusti, to florianus, count of the private property

si quando aut alicuius publicatione aut ratione iuris aliquid rei nostrae addendum est, rite adque sollemniter per comitem rerum privatarum, dein rationales in singulis quibusque provinciis commorantes incorporatio compleatur et diligens stilus singillatim omnia adscribat. tituli vero, quorum adiectione praedia nostris sunt consecranda nominibus, non nisi publica testificatione ponantur; gravissimis statim subdendis suppliciis, qui huiusmodi aliquid propria usurpatione temptaverint. dat.

If ever, either by someone’s publication or by a ground of law,
anything is to be added to our estate, let the incorporation be duly and solemnly completed through the Count of the Private Estates, then through the rationales dwelling in each and every
province, and let a diligent pen write down everything individually. But the inscriptions (titles), by the addition of which the landed estates
are to be consecrated to our names, shall be set up only with public attestation; with the gravest punishments to be inflicted forthwith upon those who shall have attempted anything of this sort by private usurpation. Given.

iiii kal. april. valentiniano n. p. et victore conss.

4 days before the Kalends of April. Under Valentinian, the most noble boy, and Victor, consuls.

(369 mart. 29).

(March 29, 369).

CTh.10.9.2

Theodosian Code 10.9.2

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. eulogio comiti rerum privatarum. quicumque a nobis caducas vacantesve meruerit facultates, sive cum auro vel argento, quod specialiter rarum erit, nam saepius habita horum exceptione praestantur, post allegationem beneficii principalis omnium bonorum, id est immobilium moventium vel, ut plenissime loquamur, praediorum urbanorum aedium mancipiorum animalium argenti auri ornamentorum vestium pecuniae fiscus incorporationem traditionemque percipiat.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Eulogius, Count of the Private Estates. Whoever has merited from us caducary or vacant properties, whether together with gold or silver—which will be particularly rare, for more often, these having been excepted, such grants are furnished—after the allegation of the principal beneficium of all goods, that is, of immovables and movables, or, to speak most fully, of urban estates, buildings, slaves, animals, silver, gold, ornaments, garments, and money, let the fisc receive incorporation and delivery.

et cum officii palatini brevibus fuerint cuncta competenter inserta, omne illud, quod ex quibuslibet corporibus est repertum, nostris auribus intimetur. nec quicquam horum ad petentem ante perveniat, quam suggestione sublimitatis tuae informata mansuetudo nostra traditionem secundario praecepto prioris liberalitatis impertiat: ut, nisi denuo a nobis fuerint confirmata, quae videntur impetrata, nihil valeant. dat.

and when everything has been competently inserted in the briefs of the palatine office, let all that which has been found from whatever bodies be intimated to our ears. nor let anything of these reach the petitioner before our clemency, informed by the suggestion of your Sublimity, imparts the delivery by a secondary precept of the prior liberality: so that, unless the things which seem to have been obtained are confirmed anew by us, they shall have no force. given.

xviii kal. decemb. mediolano olybrio et probino conss.

on the 18th day before the Kalends of December, at Milan
Olybrius and Probinus, consuls.

(395 nov. 14).

(395 Nov. 14).

CTh.10.9.3

Codex Theodosianus 10.9.3

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. largo proconsuli africae. et moris veteris instituto incorporationem bonorum anteferri competitionis effectui decernimus et de possessore iam fisco referri ad viri illustris privatarum largitionum comitis scientiam censemus: illud competitoribus conpendium relaxantes, ut, quod a mansuetudine nostra iterata supplicatione poscendum fuerat, ab eius sublimitate non expectato imperiali beneficio postuletur.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Largus, proconsul of Africa. And by the institution of ancient custom we decree that the incorporation of goods be preferred to the effectuation of competition; and we judge that, concerning a possessor already referred to the Fisc, it be reported to the knowledge of the man of illustrious rank, the Count of the Private Largesses: granting this relief to the competitors, that what would have had to be sought from our Mildness by renewed supplication may be requested from His Sublimity without awaiting the imperial beneficium.

et cetera. dat. v id. octob.

and the rest. Given on the 5th day before the Ides of October.

ravennae honorio xii et theodosio viii aa. conss. (418 oct. 11).

at ravenna, honorius for the 12th and theodosius for the 8th, augusti, consuls. (418 oct. 11).

CTh.10.10.0. De petitionibus et ultro datis et delatoribus

CTh.10.10.0. On petitions and voluntary gifts and delators

CTh.10.10.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad populum. post alia: de delatoribus iam certa statuimus; quibus si quis contra fecerit, poenam capitalem excipiet.

The emperor Constantine Augustus, to the people. After other matters: concerning delators we have now established certain measures; if anyone acts against them, he will incur capital punishment.

proposita xv kal. feb. constantino a. iii et licinio iii conss.

posted on January 18, in the consulship of Constantine Augustus for the 3rd time and Licinius for the 3rd time, consuls.

(313 ian. 18).

(313 Jan. 18).

CTh.10.10.2 [=brev.10.5.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad populum. comprimatur unum maximum humanae vitae malum, delatorum exsecranda pernicies, et inter primos conatus in ipsis faucibus stranguletur, et amputata radicitus invidiae lingua vellatur, ita ut iudices nec calumniam nec vocem prorsus deferentis admittant; sed si qui delator exstiterit, capitali sententiae subiugetur.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to the people. Let the single greatest evil of human life be checked—the execrable ruin of delators (informers)—and among its earliest attempts let it be strangled in its very throat, and let the tongue of envy, cut off at the root, be torn out, such that judges admit neither calumny nor at all the voice of a denouncer; but if any delator shall have appeared, let him be subjected to a capital sentence.

dat. et pp. in foro traiani kal. dec., constantino a. v. et licinio c. coss.

Given and posted in the Forum of Trajan on the Kalends of December, when Constantine Augustus for the 5th time and
Licinius Caesar were consuls.

interpretatio. delatores dicuntur, qui aut facultates prodiderint alienas aut caput impetierint alienum. quicumque* delator cuiuslibet rei exstiterit, in ipso proditionis initio a iudice loci correptus continuo stranguletur, et ei incisa radicitus lingua tollatur, ut si quis proditor futurus est, nec calumnia nec vox illius audiatur

interpretation. informers are called those who either have betrayed another’s means or have assailed another’s person. whoever* shall have become an informer of any matter, at the very inception of the betrayal, seized by the judge of the place, let him be immediately strangled, and let his tongue, cut out from the root, be removed, so that, if anyone is going to be a betrayer, neither his calumny nor his voice may be heard

CTh.10.10.3 [=brev.10.5.2]

Idem a. ad provinciales. omnes iudices invigilare praecipimus et delatores poenis afficere. apertissimi enim iuris est, ut, quod ex cuiuscumque* patrimonio ceciderit in casum, et legibus et retro iuris ordine, fisci advocatis agentibus, vindicetur.

The same Augustus to the provincials. we order all judges to keep watch and to inflict delators with penalties. for it is of the most manifest law, that whatever from anyone’s patrimony has fallen into chance,
both by the laws and by the earlier order of law, with the advocates of the fisc acting, be vindicated.

sed quia nonnulli praecipites secundum ius possessa patrimonia deferre non cessant, damus omnibus, qui se laesos existimant, contra delatores severitatem iudicum implorare ferro destrictam. nemo enim potest delatorem plus agnoscere quam ille, qui iniuriam per eius nequitiam sustinuit. dat.

but because certain rash persons do not cease to denounce patrimonies possessed according to law, we grant to all who think themselves wronged to implore against the delators the severity of the judges, with steel drawn. no one, indeed, can acknowledge a delator more than he who has endured an injury through his wickedness. given.

xi. kal. april. constantinopoli, constantio et albino coss.

11 days before the kalends of april, at constantinople, with constantius and albinus as consuls.

interpretatio. custodientes iustitiam nomen persequimur delatorum, ita ut, quum agniti et convicti fuerint delatores, gladio puniantur

interpretation. guarding justice, we prosecute the name of delators, such that, when the delators have been acknowledged and convicted, they are punished by the sword

CTh.10.10.4

Theodosian Code 10.10.4

Imp. constantius a. celsino praefecto praetorio. innocentiam securitate firmantes et quorundam audaciam prohibentes edictum promulgavimus, ne quid occultis delationibus possit in hominum licere fortunas.

The Emperor Constantius Augustus to Celsinus, Praetorian Prefect. Establishing innocence by security and restraining the audacity of certain persons, we have promulgated an edict,
that nothing by hidden delations may be permitted against the fortunes of men.

dat. prid. id. iun.

given on the day before the Ides of June (June 12).

viminacio urso et polemio conss. (338 iun. 12).

viminacium, urso and polemius, consuls. (338 june 12).

CTh.10.10.5

Theodosian Code 10.10.5

Idem a. callepio rationali trium provinciarum. donatarum rerum dominium his tradatur, quos anteriores tempus imperialis donationis ostenderit. dat.

The same Augustus to Callepius, rationalis of the three provinces. Let the dominion of the donated things be delivered to those whom the earlier date of the imperial donation shall have indicated. Given.

iiii non. feb. naisso acindyno et proculo conss.

on February 2 at Naissus, in the consulship of Acindynus and Proculus.

(340 febr. 2).

(340 Feb. 2).

CTh.10.10.6

Theodosian Code 10.10.6

Idem a. ad eusebium comitem rerum privatarum. donationes a divo genitore nostro ex privatis rebus factas valere praecipimus. dat.

The same a. to eusebius, count of the private estates. we order that the donations made by our deified father from private property be valid. given.

viii id. april. savariae constantio a. iii et constante iterum conss. (342 april.

8
the eighth day before the Ides of April. At Savaria, under Constantius Augustus, in his 3rd consulship, and Constans for the 2nd time, consuls. (342 april.

6).

CTh.10.10.7

Theodosian Code 10.10.7

Idem a. ad eustathium comitem rerum privatarum. nulli palatino delatorios libellos de competentibus rei privatae nostrae rebus accipere liceat, nec delatori ad comitatum nostrum vel officium sublimitatis tuae pateat accessus, priusquam ordinarius iudex cognitione suscepta veram esse delatoris adsertionem probaverit adque ad tuam sublimitatem rettulerit. dat.

the same augustus to eustathius, count of the private property. let no palatine be permitted to receive delatory libels concerning matters that pertain to our private property,
nor let access be open to the delator to our comitatus or to the office of your sublimity, before the ordinary judge, an inquiry having been undertaken,
shall have proved the delator’s assertion to be true and shall have reported to your sublimity. given.

id. mai. treviris amantio et albino conss. (345 mai.

ides of may, at trier, amantius and albinus, consuls. (345
may.

15).

CTh.10.10.8

Theodosian Code 10.10.8

Idem a. ad orionem comitem rerum privatarum. qui largientibus nobis aliquid fuerint consecuti, cum delatoribus suis ad iudicia veniant, in iure consistant, negotia persequantur, ut adseveratio delatorum prodat fisco debitas facultates. in eos autem, qui aliquorum detulerint patrimonia, adfirmantes ad fisci nostri dominium pertinere, si non potuerint ostendere quod adstruxerant, severitas competens exeratur.

The same Augustus to Orion, Count of the Private Estates. Those who, with us bestowing largess, shall have obtained something, let them come with their delators to the courts, let them stand in iure, let them prosecute the business, so that the asseveration of the delators may disclose to the fisc the faculties owed. But against those who shall have denounced the patrimonies of certain persons, affirming that they pertain to the dominion of our fisc, if they cannot show what they had alleged, let fitting severity be exercised.

consequens igitur erit petitiones legibus minime consentaneas a iudiciis removeri nec eos adfici metu, qui legibus possident proprias facultates. dat. iii non.

Accordingly, therefore, it will be consequent that petitions by no means consonant with the laws be removed from the courts, and that those who possess their own estates by the laws not be affected by fear. Given on the 3 Nones.

mart. sirmio constantio a. vi et constante caes. conss.

march, at sirmium; constantius augustus for the 6th time and constans caesar, consuls.

(353 [352?] mart. 5).

(353 [352?] March 5).

CTh.10.10.9

Codex Theodosianus 10.10.9

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad provinciales byzacenos. post alia: de munificentia principali quaelibet bona tamquam caduca poscentes non aliter adipiscantur petitiones effectum, nisi delatores valuerint publicare.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, to the Byzacene provincials. After other matters: concerning imperial munificence, those requesting any goods as though caduca shall not otherwise attain effect for their petitions, unless the delators (informers) have been able to make them public.

dat. prid. id. septemb.

Dated the day before the Ides of September (12 September).

aquileiae divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 sept. 12).

at Aquileia, in the consulship of the divine Jovian and
Varronianus (12 September 364).

CTh.10.10.10 [=brev.10.5.3]

Impp. valent. et valens aa. ad provinciales afros.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to the African provincials.

in tantum humani generis inimicos arbitra aequitate persequimur, ut delatores pronuntiatos puniri gladio iusserimus. dat. prid.

we pursue the enemies of the human race, with equity as arbiter, to such an extent that we have ordered delators so declared to be punished by the sword. given the day before.

non. febr. mediolano, valentin.

the nones of february, at milan, valentinian.

et valente aa. coss. haec lex interpretatione non indiget.

and, with Valens, the Augusti as consuls. This law does not need interpretation.

CTh.10.10.11

Theodosian Code 10.10.11

Imppp. valentinianus valens et gratianus aaa. alexandriano comiti rerum privatarum.

the emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, augusti, to alexandrianus, count of the private estate.

super vacantibus ac caducis, cum forte largitatem nostram aviditas circuit postulantium, prius tua scripta mittantur. certi etiam dirigantur, qui cuncta sollerter inquirant, et cuius fuerint facultates et si nemo eas sibi iure nititur retentare. ac si locum fisco factum esse claruerit, occupatis prius bonis et rerum omnium descriptione perfecta serenitatis nostrae scientia protinus instruatur, ut quid statuendum sit, pro legum ordine terminemus.

concerning vacant and caducous estates, when perchance the avidity of petitioners circles around our largess, let your writings be sent first. let certain persons also be dispatched, who may diligently inquire into everything, both whose the assets were and whether no one is attempting by right to retain them for himself. and if it has become clear that a case has been made for the fisc, with the goods first seized and a description of all things completed, let Our Serenity be informed forthwith, so that, according to the order of the laws, we may determine what is to be established.

dat. iii id. decemb. marcianopoli valentiniano nb. p. et victore conss.

given on the 3rd day before the ides
of december (december 11), at marcianopolis, in the consulship of valentinian, most noble boy, and victor, consuls.

(369 dec. 11).

CTh.10.10.12pr.

Theodosian Code 10.10.12, preface.

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. pancratio comiti rerum privatarum.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, the augusti, to pancratius, count of the private property.

qui cum ex praesenti die ut caducas poposcerit facultates ex consensu nostrae liberalitatis acceperit, non ante allegare rescriptum, non prius obtinere sententiam, non denique effectum exsecutionis debebit accipere, quam eum iudiciis introducat, a quo sibi id quod poposcerit delatum adserit esse patrimonium. quod quidem non solum in generali iubemus bonorum petitione servari, verum etiam si carptim fundos vel vacantia rura, aliqua denique praedia vel rustica vel urbana poscentur, aliqua etiam huiusmodi, quae viritim solent obtentu liberalitatis invadi, ut, si causam non tenuerit, cautum legibus supplicium delator excipiat. (380 ian.

he who, since on the present day he has demanded caducary assets and has received them by the consent of our liberality, ought not to allege a rescript beforehand, nor to obtain a sentence earlier, nor, finally, to receive the effect of execution, before he introduces into the courts the person from whom he asserts that that which he demanded, having been transferred, is his patrimony. We order that this be observed not only in a general petition of goods, but also if, piecemeal, farms or vacant fields, or finally any properties, whether rustic or urban, are demanded, and also any things of this sort which are wont to be seized individually under the pretext of liberality, so that, if he does not maintain his cause, the informer may, as provided by the laws, incur punishment. (January 380.

30).

CTh.10.10.12.1

Neque sane introduci eum satis erit eo tempore, quo rescriptum allegatur ac liberalitas intimatur, verum dirigendus is erit ad eam provinciam provinciasve, in quibus patrimonia delata consistunt, ut eius instruat actiones qui nostra liberalitate nitetur et cuius se honestati per blandum ministerium iniustae delationis inmersit, ut scilicet maiore omnium plausu detecta ibi calumnia eius supplicio publicae severitati litetur, ubi securi ac tuti domini trepidavere fortunae. (380 ian. 30).

Nor indeed will it be enough for him to be introduced at that time when the rescript is alleged and the liberality is intimated, but rather he must be directed to that province or provinces in which the transferred patrimonies are situated, so that he may prepare the actions of him who will rely on our liberality, and into whose honorableness he plunged himself through the smooth ministry of unjust delation, in order that, namely, with the greater applause of all, his calumny having been detected there, by his punishment expiation may be made to public severity, in the very place where owners, secure and safe, trembled for their fortunes. (380 Jan. 30).

CTh.10.10.12.2

Illud etiam ad professionem odii, quo universas delationes exsecramur, adiungimus, ut, si idem delator etiam in bonis causis, tertio tamen fuerit inventus, post victoriam tertiae proditionis capitali supplicio coherceatur. dat. iii kal.

We also add this to the profession of hatred, by which we execrate all delations: that, if the same delator, even in good causes, shall nevertheless have been found a 3rd time, after the victory of the 3rd betrayal he shall be restrained by capital punishment. given on the 3 Kalends.

feb. thessalonicae gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss. (380 ian.

Feb., at Thessalonica, with Gratian 5 and Theodosius 1, the Augusti, as consuls. (380 Jan.

30).

CTh.10.10.13

Idem aaa. edictum ad provinciales. delatores ab ipsis, qui bona a nobis delata vel carptim suscipiunt fundos vel vacantia rura tam rustica quam urbana, cum rescriptum allegatur, primum aput virum clarissimum comitem inducantur, deinde ad provinciam provinciasve ducantur, ut praesentibus ibidem probationibus quae detulerant indicarent.

The same Augusti. An edict to the provincials. Let the delators be produced by those very persons who, when a rescript is adduced, receive from us the goods bestowed, or piecemeal take possession of estates or vacant lands, both rustic and urban; first let them be brought before the most distinguished man, the Count, then let them be conducted to the province or provinces, so that, with the proofs present there on the spot, they may indicate what they had denounced.

illud etiam odio eorum ducti decernendum esse censuimus, ut, etsi vera in delationem negotia detulissent, post victoriam tertiae delationis delator capite plecteretur. dat. prid.

Led also by hatred of them, we have judged that this too must be decreed, that, even if they had reported true matters for delation, after the success of a third delation the delator should be punished with capital punishment. Given, the day before.

kal. sept. thessalonicae gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss.

on the Kalends of September, at Thessalonica
when gratian for the 5th time and theodosius for the 1st time, the augusti, were consuls.

(380 aug. 31).

CTh.10.10.14

Theodosian Code 10.10.14

Idem aaa. pancratio comiti rerum privatarum. nemo possit ad indultum a nobis beneficium pertinere, nisi qui ante instructionem ab officio, quod tuis meritis paret, adnuentibus nobis fuerit consecutus.

The same Augusti to Pancratius, count of the Private Property. Let no one be able to pertain to the indult-benefit granted by us, unless he has obtained it, before the instruction from the office, which obeys your merits, with our assent.

dat. xii kal. oct.

given on the 12th day before the Kalends of October (September 20).

thessalonicae gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss. (380 sept. 20).

at thessalonica, gratian 5 and theodosius 1, the augusti, consuls (380 sept. 20).

CTh.10.10.15 [=brev.10.5.4]

Theodosian Code 10.10.15 [= Breviarium 10.5.4]

Imppp. grat., valent. et theodos.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius.

aaa. eutropio pf. p. quisquis in crimine maiestatis deprehensus fuerit et punitus, bonaque eius, sicut plectendi consuetudo criminis habet, fiscus invaserit, nullus eadem sub spe munificentiae principalis audeat proprio iuri poscere. qui contra legem id ausus fuerit sperare, quod non licet, reus violatae legis habeatur.

aaa. to eutropius, praetorian prefect. whoever shall have been apprehended in the crime of majesty and punished, and the fisc, as the custom of punishing this crime has it, shall have seized his goods, let no one under the same hope of princely munificence dare to claim them as his own by right. whoever shall have dared, contrary to the law, to hope for that which is not permitted, let him be held guilty of a violated law.

sed quoniam plerumque ita in nonnullis inverecunda petentum inhiatione constringimur, ut etiam non concedenda tribuamus, ne rescripto quidem nostro adversum formam latae legis loci aliquid relinquatur. si quid autem ex bonis talibus nostro iudicio, nullo tamen desiderante atque poscente, concedi cuiquam voluerimus, huius modi tantum valeat liberalitas. dat.

but since very often in some matters we are constrained by the shameless gaping eagerness of petitioners, so that we even grant things that ought not to be conceded, let not even our rescript leave any room against the form of the enacted law. If, however, from such goods, in our own judgment—yet with no one desiring or demanding—we should wish anything to be conceded to anyone, let only a liberality of this sort have validity. Given.

xvi. kal. dec.

16 days before the kalends of december.

thessalonica, gratiano v. et theodos. i. aa. coss.

Thessalonica, when Gratian 5 and Theodosius 1, the Augusti, were consuls.

interpretatio. quisquis in crimine maiestatis inventus fuerit et punitus, bona eius fiscus acquirat, ita ut nullus aliquid ex eius facultatibus sibi velut munificentiae iure audeat postulare. et si aliquis contra leges crediderit postulandum, nec id, quod petiit, accipiat, et violator legis habeatur. si quid tamen nullo petente, proprio arbitrio de talibus bonis cuiquam dederimus, donatio huius modi firma permaneat

interpretation. whoever shall have been found in the crime of majesty and punished, let the fisc acquire his goods, so that no one dare to demand anything from his resources for himself as though by a right of munificence. and if anyone has believed that petitioning should be made contrary to the laws, let him not receive that which he petitioned for, and let him be held a violator of the law. if, however, with no one petitioning, by our own discretion we have given anything to anyone from such goods, let a donation of this kind remain firm

CTh.10.10.16

Theodosian Code 10.10.16

Idem aaa. nebridio comiti rerum privatarum. nemo eas sine summo sacrilegio possessiones existimet postulandas, quae cum magno censu tectorum ambitu palatiis sint magis aptae quam praediis, adeoque hoc nomen refugiendum sibi esse cognoscat, ut sacrilegii vereatur invidiam, etiamsi laqueos deceptae ignorationis inciderit, cum semper in petendo debeat esse sollicitus, quicumque est in impetrandi occasione curiosus.

The same Emperors to Nebridius, Count of the Private Property. Let no one reckon that those possessions are to be petitioned for without the highest sacrilege, which, with great assessment and with the sweep of roofs, are more apt for palaces than for estates; and let him so recognize that this designation is to be fled from by himself, as to fear the odium of sacrilege, even if he should fall into the snares of misguided ignorance, since in petitioning he ought always to be solicitous, whoever is curious in the occasion of obtaining.

laudanda igitur experientia tua officio gravem poenam tali lege constituat, si umquam instructione deceperit et petenti nefaria collusione consenserit, illi etiam ut deprehenso beneficii adimat potestatem. dat. xiii kal.

Therefore, let your praiseworthy experience establish, through your office, a grave penalty by such a law, if ever he has deceived by an instruction and has consented to a petitioner
by nefarious collusion, and also, when he is detected, let it take from him the power of the benefice. Given on the 13th day before the Kalends.

iun. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss. (382 mai.

June. At Constantinople, in the consulship of Antonius and Syagrius, consuls.
(382 May.

20).

CTh.10.10.17 [=brev.10.5.5]

Theodosian Code10.10.17 [=Breviary10.5.5]

Iidem aaa. panellino consulari lydiae. servum domini delatorem iubemus in exemplum omnium proditorum severissimae sententiae subiugari, etiamsi obiecta probaverit.

The same Augusti to Panellinus, consularis of Lydia. We order that a slave, a delator against his master, be subjected to the most severe sentence as an exemplar of all traitors, even if he has proved the charges.

dat. vii. kal.

dated on the 7th day before the Kalends.

nov. constantinopoli, antonio et syagrio coss. haec lex interpretatione non indiget.

In November, at Constantinople, when Antonius and Syagrius were consuls. This law does not require interpretation.

CTh.10.10.18

Theodosian Code 10.10.18

Idem aaa. nebridio comiti rerum privatarum. etsi color petitionis aut ratione aliqua aut tempore possit admitti, secundum nostras leges non debet audiri, priusquam proditum delatorem competens poena constrinxerit.

The same Augusti to Nebridius, Count of the Private Property. Even if the color of a petition could be admitted either by some reason or by time, according to our laws it ought not to be heard, before a competent penalty has constrained the informer (delator) who has been exposed.

dat. iii kal. sep.

dated the 3rd day before the Kalends of September.

merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 aug. 30).

merobaude 2 and saturninus, consuls. (383
aug. 30).

CTh.10.10.19

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. ad senatores civitatis alexandrinae.

emperors valentinian, theodosius, and arcadius, augusti, to the senators of the city of alexandria.

securitati vestrae studentes et iustitia necessariae legationis animati dedimus litteras ad virum clarissimum et illustrem cynegium praefectum praetorio, quibus iussimus, ut delatores, quos iam etiam sua sententia meritis poenis adfecit, ubi reppererit, pari supplicio persequatur, fundatis omnibus, quae super possessionibus ac terris, quas hoc nomen huc usque vexavit, idem vir illustris constituit. agite igitur securi atque ita patrimonia vestra tenete colite frequentate, ut boni saeculi poscit affectio. dat.

Being zealous for your security and moved by the justice of the necessary legation, we have given letters to Cynegius, a most distinguished and illustrious man, Praetorian Prefect, in which we have ordered that the delators—whom already also by his own decision he has afflicted with deserved penalties—wherever he finds them, he should prosecute with equal punishment, with all things established which that same illustrious man has determined concerning the possessions and lands that this name has up to now vexed. Act, therefore, in security, and thus hold, cultivate, and frequent your patrimonies, as the affection of a good age demands. Given.

vi non. mart. constantinopoli valentiniano a. iii et eutropio conss.

on March 2 at Constantinople, when Valentinian Augustus for the 3rd time and Eutropius were consuls.

(387 mart. 2).

(387 March 2).

CTh.10.10.20

Theodosian Code 10.10.20

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. flaviano praefecto praetorio.

The Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, and Honorius, Augusti, to Flavianus, Praetorian Prefect.

plerisque mancipia vaga, tacita fideicommissa, bona vacantia et caduca monstrantibus quies possidentibus abnegatur. ideoque praecipimus, ut omnium officiorum periculo custodiatur, vicarii etiam adque ordinarii cognitores moneantur - ea animadversione proposita, quae non facultates eorum sit expetitura, sed sanguinem -, ut nullum huiusmodi rescriptum mansuetudinis nostrae, nec si specialis super hoc adnotatio proferatur, nisi una cum delatore suscipiant et ante de animo eius et facto vel impletis probationibus vel desertis iuxta constituta legum, quae super hoc iam dudum a divis principibus lata sunt, iudicetur. proposita vi id. april.

For many persons, with wandering slaves, tacit fideicommissa, and vacant and caducary goods being pointed out by informers, quiet is denied to possessors. And so we command that, under peril to all offices, this rule be kept, and that the vicarii and the ordinary cognitors be warned — with that punishment set forth which is to demand not their faculties but their blood — that they accept no rescript of our clemency of this kind, nor even if a special annotation on this matter be produced, unless they receive it together with the delator; and that beforehand it be judged concerning his intent and deed, either the proofs having been completed or abandoned, according to the constitutions of the laws which on this point were long ago enacted by the deified emperors. Published on April 8.

arcadio a. ii et rufino conss. (392 apr. 8).

in the consulship of arcadius augustus for the 2nd time and rufinus, consuls. (392 apr. 8).

CTh.10.10.21

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. laurentio comiti rerum privatarum. sit haec mensura bona poscentium, ne quis oblatis precibus in petitione bonorum auri atque argenti faciat mentionem.

Emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to laurentius, count of the private property. Let this be the good measure for petitioners, that no one, with petitions offered, in a petition for goods, should make mention of gold and silver.

ac ne generaliter in omnes haec fuerit constituta, summis dignitatibus usque ad secundicerium notariorum hoc servari decernimus ceteris ab hac licentia retentatis, ne, dum nimia largitas tenditur, publica commoditas neglegatur, ita ut, si qui post hanc legem textum impetratae petitionis adtulerit, effectu denegato frustretur. dat. viii kal.

And lest this be established generally for all, we decree that this be observed for the highest dignities up to the Secundicerius of the Notaries, the others being withheld from this license, lest, while excessive largess is extended, the public advantage be neglected; with the result that, if anyone after this law shall bring the text of an obtained petition, he shall be frustrated with the effect denied. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

mai. constantinopoli arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 apr.

may. at constantinople, arcadius 4 and honorius 3, augusti, consuls. (396 apr.

24).

CTh.10.10.22

Theodosian Code 10.10.22

Idem aa. firmino comiti rerum privatarum. divi patris nostri statuta renovantes aeterna lege sancimus officium palatinum quinquaginta auri libras de suis facultatibus exigi, si prius allegari divalia rescripta permiserit, quam delator in iudicio fuerit constitutus. dat.

The same emperors to Firminus, Count of the Private Estate. Renewing the statutes of our deified father, we sanction by an eternal law that fifty pounds of gold be exacted from the Palatine office out of its own resources, if it has permitted imperial rescripts to be cited before the informer has been constituted in court. Given.

vi kal. nov. mediolano honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss.

October 27, at Milan, in the consulship of Honorius Augustus (4) and Eutychianus, consuls.

(398 oct. 27).

CTh.10.10.23

Codex Theodosianus 10.10.23

Idem aa. studio comiti rerum privatarum. ne quis proscriptorum bona vel eorum, qui publicam videntur excepisse sententiam, intra biennium aestimet postulanda. abstineant facultatibus intra id temporis expetendis, ut aut proprias quis recipiat, si, ut nobis ingenitum est, duriores casus et tristiorem fortunam imperatoria humanitate molliamus, aut tum demum postulet, cum iam fiscalem potius quam proscriptorum expetisse noscatur.

The same Emperors to Studio, Count of the Private Estate. let no one deem that the goods of the proscribed, or of those who seem to have incurred the public sentence, are to be demanded within a biennium. let them refrain from seeking the assets within that time, so that either someone may recover his own property, if—as is inborn to us—we soften harsher cases and a sadder fortune by imperial humanity, or then at length he may make his demand, when it is already known that he has sought what is fiscal rather than what belongs to the proscribed.

si quis autem petendas proscripti vel deportati intra biennium crediderit facultates, careat fructu liberalitatis augustae, ita ut nec instruantur huiusmodi petitiones nec, si temere instructae fuerint et sub specialis beneficii munificentia nostram provocaverint liberalitatem, habeant aliquas vires indulta. dat. xiiii kal.

if anyone, however, shall have believed that the estates of a proscribed person or of a deported person are to be sought within a biennium, let him be deprived of the fruit of the August liberality,
such that petitions of this sort are not to be drawn up, nor—if they have been rashly drawn up and, under the munificence of a special beneficium, have invoked our liberality—shall the indults have any force.
Given on the 14th day before the Kalends.

feb. constantinopoli vincentio et fravito conss. (401 ian.

Feb., at Constantinople, Vincentius and Fravitus, consuls. (401 Jan.

19).

CTh.10.10.24

Theodosian Code 10.10.24

Idem aa. et theodosius a. anthemio praefecto praetorio. pro inclyti principis constantini sanctione, quam nos etiam hac lege roboramus, in his possessionibus, quae velut de patrimoniali vel rei publicae aut templorum aut cuiuslibet huiusmodi tituli iure subtractae a nostra liberalitate poscuntur, cesset penitus delatorum nomen infestum omnesque se ab hac nefaria petitione retineant scientes nullum ex hoc posse fructum adquiri, sed huius decreti violatores sacrilegii poenam contrahere. dat.

The same Augusti and Theodosius Augustus, to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. In support of the sanction of the illustrious prince Constantine, which we also strengthen by this law, in those possessions which, as if withdrawn by right from the patrimonial domain or of the Republic or of temples or of any title of such a kind, are demanded back from our liberality, let the baleful name of delators cease utterly, and let all restrain themselves from this nefarious petition, knowing that no fruit can be acquired from this, but that violators of this decree incur the penalty of sacrilege. Given.

viii id. nov. stilichone ii et anthemio conss. (405 nov.

the 8th day before the Ides of November; under the consulship of Stilicho (2) and Anthemius, consuls. (405
nov.

6).

CTh.10.10.25

Theodosian Code 10.10.25

Idem aa. ad theodorum praefectum praetorio. cum per illyrici partes barbaricus speraretur incursus, numerosa incolarum manus sedes quaesivit externas, in cuius ingenuitatem adsidua petitorum solet libido grassari eique illicite iugum servitutis imponere. igitur praescriptum tua sublimitas recognoscat, ut illyricianos omnes, quos patria complectitur vel alia quaelibet terra susceperit, petere non liceat.

the same emperors to theodorus, praetorian prefect. when through the parts of illyricum a barbaric incursion was expected, a numerous band of inhabitants sought foreign seats, upon whose ingenuousness (freeborn status) the assiduous lust of claimants is wont to make inroads and to impose upon them unlawfully the yoke of servitude. therefore let your sublimity recognize the prescript, that it be not permitted to claim all illyricians, whether those whom their fatherland embraces or those whom any other land has received.

dat. iiii id. decemb. ravennae basso et philippo conss.

Dated on the 4th day before the Ides of December (December 10), at Ravenna, in the consulship of Bassus and Philippus.

(408 dec. 10).

(December 10, 408).

CTh.10.10.26

Theodosian Code 10.10.26

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. maximo comiti rerum privatarum. antecedentium temporum constituta firmamus, ut carere se fructu impetrati noverint, qui contra geminatam praeceptionem contenderint.

Emperors honorius and theodosius, augusti, to maximus, count of the private estate. We confirm the constitutions of antecedent times, so that those who have contended against the twin precept may know that they are to lack the fruit
of what was obtained.

nec cuiquam liberum permittatur arbitrium instructionis sollemnitate transgressa quicquam improbum de nostra clementia flagitare, cum oporteat instructionis luce evidenter agnosci, cuius aestimatio meritum ponderandum sit, quod nostra munificentia relaxatur. dat. viii kal.

nor shall anyone be allowed the free discretion, the solemnity of the instruction having been transgressed, to demand anything improper from our clemency, since it ought by the light of the instruction to be clearly recognized whose assessment of merit ought to be weighed in respect of what is remitted by our munificence. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

aug. honorio x et theodosio vi aa. conss. (415 iul.

the Augusti Honorius for the 10th time and Theodosius for the 6th, consuls. (415 July

25).

CTh.10.10.27pr.

Theodosian Code 10.10.27, preface.

Idem aa. largo proconsuli africae. quicumque ex praesenti die sub specie caducorum quaecumque bona putaverit postulanda eademque consensu nostrae liberalitatis acceperit, sive supplicis rescripti auctoritate nitatur sive elicitis specialiter apicibus adnotationis expressae, cum ad transmarinam provinciam vel provincias, in quibus sunt patrimonia constituta, pervenerit et contradictionem domini per quamcumque personam rem propriam defendentis acceperit, effectum adepti beneficii suspensa exsecutione non peragat et ad comitatum spondentem venire immatura profectione non urgeat. (415

The same Augusti to Largus, proconsul of Africa. Whoever from the present day, under the guise of caducal goods, shall have thought that whatever goods are to be demanded and shall have received the same by the consent of our liberality, whether he relies on the authority of a supplicant’s rescript or on apices specially elicited of an expressed annotation, when he has arrived at the overseas province or provinces in which the patrimonies are established and has received the opposition of the owner, through whatever person defending his own property, let him not carry out the effect of the obtained benefice, the execution being suspended, and let him not, by a premature departure, press the sponsor to come to the imperial court. (415

[418] oct. 11).

CTh.10.10.27.1

Immo ille qui pulsatus fuerit institutum sibi integri anni spatium recognoscat, idoneum satis tempus muniendae congrue tractatibus litis et instruendi quem deserit laris habiturus, nec ad iacturam veteris dominii sub iniuria properae festinationis artandus, omnium iudicum, quos locorum ratio exegerit implorari, publico muniendus auxilio, ut praedae inhiantium non dedatur. (415

Nay rather, let him who has been sued recognize that an instituted space of a whole year is set for him, a time sufficiently suitable for suitably fortifying the suit by pleadings
and for instructing the one whom he leaves behind, who will be possessor of the household; nor must he be cramped to the loss of his former dominion under the wrong of precipitate hastening, but must be fortified by the public aid of all judges,
whom the condition of the places shall require to be implored, so that he be not given over as prey to those gaping for plunder. (415

[418] oct. 11).

CTh.10.10.27.2

Quem si mora forsitan pro voluntate prolixior delectarit nec intra anni metas quas fiximus ad illustris viri privatae rei comitis examen occurrerit, sciat se ipsum in se tulisse sententiam nec subeundi ultra certaminis experiendam esse fortunam. (415

If perhaps a more prolonged delay, according to his wish, has delighted him, and he does not appear within the bounds of the year which we have fixed for the examination of the illustrious man, the Count of the Private Property, let him know that he has brought sentence upon himself, and that the fortune of undergoing any further contest is not to be experienced. (415

[418] oct. 11).

CTh.10.10.27.3

Cui si per impugnantium profectionem circumdato ad comitatum pergere aut pervenire liberum intra curricula praefinita non fuerit, apud quemcumque iudicem contestatis querellis et evidenter probatis praeiudicio contractae non suo vitio tarditatis exutus et de factionis auctore vindictam congruam prosequatur. (415

If, for one surrounded by the departure of assailants, it is not free within the prescribed time-limits to proceed to or reach the comitatus, apud
whatever judge, with the complaints having been attested and with the prejudice of the delay incurred not by his own fault clearly proven, let him be released, and
let him pursue fitting retribution against the author of the faction. (415

[418] oct. 11).

[418] Oct. 11).

CTh.10.10.27.4

Theodosian Code 10.10.27.4

Illud sane prae ceteris providae cautionis habiturus, ut statuto tempore legitimam personam sui probaturus adveniat, non illusor utilitatis alienae nec futurae disceptationis circumscriptor occurrat. (415

Let him assuredly have this, above the rest, as provident caution: that at the appointed time he arrive, intending to prove a legitimate person on his own behalf, and let there not occur a deceiver of another’s interest
nor a defrauder of future litigation. (415

[418] oct. 11).

[418] Oct. 11).

CTh.10.10.27.5

Codex Theodosianus 10.10.27.5

Cum vero intra contiguas vicinasque provincias bona aliqua expetuntur, quorum contradictor potuerit inveniri, ad praebendam inter legitimas personas audientiam et exercendum inter partes iure conflictum ex die conventionis perlatae in notitiam pulsatorum sex mensum spatium praecipimus custodiri, cuius eventum examinis adsertor iuris proprii debeat praestolari. (415

But when indeed within contiguous and neighboring provinces certain goods are sought, for which a contradictor (objector) can be found, in order to furnish an audience (hearing) between legitimate persons and to exercise a conflict-in-law between the parties, from the day of the convening carried into the knowledge of the summoned persons we order a span of six
months to be kept, the asserter of his own right ought to await the outcome of this examination. (415

[418] oct. 11).

CTh.10.10.27.6

Theodosian Code 10.10.27.6

Viventium quoque bona a competendi licentia vindicamus, qui criminibus, in quibus videntur argui, nec iudicio convicti nec sententia probantur addicti. et cetera. dat.

We also vindicate the goods of the living from the license of competing, who, on the crimes in which they seem to be accused, are neither convicted by judgment nor proved to be adjudged by sentence. and the rest. given.

v id. octob. ravennae honorio x et theodosio vi aa. conss. (415

5 days before the ides of october (11 october), at ravenna, in the consulship of honorius for the 10th time and theodosius for the 6th, augusti, consuls (415

[418] oct. 11).

CTh.10.10.28

Theodosian Code 10.10.28

Idem aa. largo proconsuli africae. post alia: delatores, sine quibus petitionem nullam aut inchoari aut peragi iubemus, certa denuntiatae auctoritatis condicione constringimus, ut ignoscendum sibi, si semel probaverint delata, non ambigant, periculosam vero sibi futuram esse victoriam iteratae proditionis abrupto periculo recognoscant; sin vero tertia voce detulerint, non probandum, sed poenam sibi protinus noverint potius subeundam. et cetera.

The same Augusti to Largus, proconsul of Africa. After other things: we constrain the delators, without whom we order that no petition be either initiated or carried through, by a fixed condition under the declared authority, that they not doubt that pardon is to be granted to themselves, if they have once proved the things denounced; but let them recognize that the victory of a repeated betrayal, with the peril cut short, will be perilous for themselves; but if indeed they shall have denounced for a third time, let them know that, instead of proof being required, a penalty is to be undergone by themselves forthwith. And so forth.

dat. v id. octob. ravennae honorio xii et theodosio viii aa. conss.

Dated on October 11, at Ravenna, in the consulship of Honorius for the 12th time and Theodosius for the 8th, Augusti, consuls.

(418 oct. 11).

(418 October 11).

CTh.10.10.29pr.

Theodosian Code 10.10.29pr.

Idem aa. et constantius a. palladio praefecto praetorio. nullum patimur competitioni subiacere viventem, nisi quem crimini obnoxium capitalis sententia deportationi addixerit, ut ademptio facultatum poenam praemissae indignationis adcumulet. de quibus tamen, sicut divali sanctione decretum est, competi per biennium nihil iubemus.

the same emperors and constantius augustus, to palladius, praetorian prefect. we allow no living person to be subject to competition, unless one whom, being liable to a crime, a capital sentence has assigned to deportation, so that the taking away of his means may accumulate the penalty of the previously expressed indignation. as to these, however, just as it has been decreed by divine sanction, we order that nothing be competed for during a biennium.

(421 iul. 8).

(July 8, 421).

CTh.10.10.29.1

Theodosian Code 10.10.29.1

Uno tamen petitorio singulorum bonuscula iubemus adscribi, nefas esse censentes plurimorum uno pittacio postulari sub illicita cupiditate fortunas. (421 iul. 8).

Yet by one petition we order the little perquisites of individuals to be ascribed, deeming it a nefas that, under illicit cupidity, the fortunes of very many be demanded on a single pittacio. (421 Jul. 8).

CTh.10.10.29.2

Ex edictis etiam pendentibus nullas competitionis causas iubemus inferri, cum vix sub iurgii sit contumeliis edictum nec existimationem latentis incesset, criminalis vero programmatis tenor hanc tantum ferat de iure censuram, ut inter reos adnotato non tam censum debeat transferre, sed famam. (421 iul. 8).

From edicts even when hanging (posted) we order that no causes of rivalry be introduced, since an edict scarcely lies under the insults of wrangling nor does it assail the estimation
of one in hiding; but the tenor of a criminal programma should carry only this censure in law: that, once a person has been noted among the accused, it ought to transfer not so much the census as the fame. (July 8, 421).

CTh.10.10.29.3

Ex privatorum quoque sollicitudine contractuum, qui frustra negantur illis plerumque personis, a quibus publici muneris iniuncta curantur, nullum fomitem calumniae patimur litis accendi. cur enim continentiam venditionis alienae inquisitio palatina rimetur? (421 iul.

From the concern as well of private contracts, which are for the most part vainly denied to those persons by whom the things enjoined of public duty are attended to, we allow no tinder of calumny for a lawsuit to be kindled. For why should a palatine inquisition pry into the restraint of another’s sale? (421 Jul.

8).

CTh.10.10.29.4

Quinquaginta sane libris auri multandum se palatinum discat officium, nisi legis huius salubre decretum perpetua exsecutione servaverit. dat. viii id. iul.

Let the palatine office indeed learn that it is to be fined fifty pounds of gold, unless it shall have kept the salutary decree of this law in perpetual execution. Given on the 8th day before the Ides of July.

ravennae eustathio et agricola conss. (421 iul. 8).

at ravenna, eustathius and agricola, consuls. (421 jul. 8).

CTh.10.10.30pr.

Codex Theodosianus 10.10.30, preface.

Idem aa. et constantius a. palladio praefecto praetorio. post alia: caduca mortuorum bona tunc ad competitores iubemus ex nostra largitate transferri, si nullum ex qualibet sanguinis linea vel iuris titulo legitimum reliquerit intestatus heredem. eorum vero patrimonia mortuorum, qui vitae suae tempore diversis conscientiam suam dicuntur polluisse criminibus, competi nequaquam debere censemus, nisi quos publica accusatione constiterit fuisse convictos, dummodo impetrationis huiusce rescriptum non prius liceat allegari, quam delator palatino fuerit adsignatus officio nulli penitus satisdationi credendus.

The same Augusti and Constantius Augustus to Palladius, Praetorian Prefect. After other things: we order that the caducary goods of the dead then be transferred to the competitors from our largess, if the intestate has left no legitimate heir from any line of blood or title of right whatsoever. But the patrimonies of those dead who are said to have defiled their conscience in the time of their life with diverse crimes, we judge ought by no means to be competed for, unless it shall have been established by public accusation that they were convicted, provided that the rescript of this obtaining is not permitted to be alleged before the informer has been assigned to the Palatine office, to be trusted to no surety at all.

in quem, si concessa titubaverint, calumniae poena referatur, quamvis hoc ipsum, quod voluit esse delator, poenae iam sit ex iure mancipium. (421 iul. 8).

upon whom, if the concessions should totter, let the penalty of calumny be charged, although this very thing—that he wished to be a delator—is already by law a chattel of punishment. (July 8, 421).

CTh.10.10.30.1

Ubi tamen impetratae competitionis auctoritas possessorem convenerit, sicut iam generali lege decretum est per hunc unum annum conveniendi ad illustre iudicium intemeratis facultatibus praestamus indutias, ut cognitione suscepta substantiam sui iuris alleget. qui si per anni metas dissimulatis his suo vitio, non fortunae casibus aut adversantis fraude, defuerit, in se videbitur tulisse sententiam. et cetera.

Where, however, the authority of an obtained competition shall have convened the possessor, as already by general law it has been decreed, for this one year of convening to the Illustrious court, with his faculties inviolate, we grant a stay, so that, an inquiry having been undertaken, he may allege the substance of his right. But if, over the bounds of the year, with these matters dissimulated by his own fault, not by the chances of fortune or by an adversary’s fraud, he should fail, he will seem to have borne sentence against himself. And the rest.

dat. viii id. iul. ravennae eustathio et agricola conss.

dated july 8 at ravenna, in the consulship of eustathius and agricola.

(421 iul. 8).

(421 Jul. 8).

CTh.10.10.31

Idem aaa. proculo comiti rerum privatarum. edictali lege sancimus, ut, sicut possessori unius anni spatia praestita sunt, intra quae propriis allegationibus adfuturus adsit examini, ita is, qui caduca vel vacantia bona vel quocumque nomine tamquam fisco nostro quaesita crediderit postulanda, simili sorte teneatur.

The same Emperors to Proculus, count of the Private Estates. By edictal law we sanction that, just as periods of one year have been granted to the possessor, within which
he is to be present at the examination with his own allegations, so he who believes that caducal (escheated) or vacant goods, or under whatever name as acquired for our fisc, are to be claimed, shall be held to a like condition.

quod nisi intra anni metas ex die auctoritatis intra provinciam publicatae petitionis suae demonstraverit aequitatem, careat impetratis ac possessori ad propria revertendi facultas libera tribuatur, cui desistente competitore consuli volumus etiam de sumptibus et litis expensis. proposita in foro traiani viii kal. septemb.

But unless within the bounds of a year from the day the authorization of his petition was published within the province he shall have demonstrated the equity of his petition, let him be without the things obtained, and let a free faculty be granted to the possessor of returning to his own, for whom, with the competitor desisting, we will that provision be made also concerning costs and expenses of the suit. Posted in the Forum of Trajan on August 25.

honorio xiii et theodosio x aa. conss. (422 aug. 25).

in the consulship of honorius for the 13th time and theodosius for the 10th, the augusti, consuls (422 aug. 25).

CTh.10.10.32pr.

Theodosian Code 10.10.32, preface.

Imp. theodosius a. et valentinianus caes. valerio comiti rerum privatarum.

The Emperors Theodosius Augustus and Valentinian Caesar, to Valerius, Count of the Private Estates.

petitores bonorum partiri cum aerario nostro praecipimus. ac si quis exceptis iuris templorum possessionibus vel patrimonialibus qualitercumque aliquid ad nostrum aerarium pertinens nostrae nutu clementiae meruerit, postquam efficax quod impetraverat postulatum rei ipsius eventu constiterit, ex aequa cum aerario dividere parte non dubitet; videlicet impensis omnibus litis et sumptibus imputatis ac petitori dein summa integra tribuendis, ut, quod pure ad quaestus eius compendiumque devenerit, in eius procul dubio societatem admittat aerarium, nullo ex his, quae de temporibus possidentis vel aliis veteri observatione et competitionum auctoritate sunt tradita, deminuto, sed in sua omnibus stabilitate durantibus, ut in delatores quae est nihilo minus poena et, si fieri potest, acerbior exeratur. (425 mai.

we order that petitioners of goods divide with our treasury. And
if anyone, with the possessions of the right of temples or patrimonial holdings excepted, shall in any way have deserved by the nod of our clemency something pertaining to our treasury, after it has been established by the outcome of the matter itself that the request he had obtained is effective, let him not hesitate to divide with the treasury in an equal part;
namely, with all the expenses of the suit and costs charged, and thereafter the full sum to be allotted to the petitioner, so that whatever has purely come to his gain and profit, the treasury be without doubt admitted into a partnership thereof, with nothing diminished from those things which, concerning the time-limits of the possessor or other matters, have been handed down by ancient observance and the authority of competitions, but with all enduring in their own stability, so that upon delators the penalty which exists be enforced none the less, and, if it can be done, harsher. (425 May)

13).

CTh.10.10.32.1

Quin et iudex, sive vir illustris comes rei privatae is fuerit seu provinciae moderator, integritatis procul dubio erit vehemens observator, quamdiu privato iurgio aequis conflictibus decertatur. (425 mai. 13).

Indeed, even the judge—whether he be a vir illustris, Count of the Res Privata, or the governor of a province—will, without doubt, be a vehement observer of integrity, so long as a private lawsuit is contested in fair proceedings. (425 May 13).

CTh.10.10.32.2

Fisci etiam advocati praecipimus vocem in suo manere silentio, nec partem aerario vindicantis admitti, priusquam iure cognitionali sententia, quam quidem praesente fisci patrono proferri ac tractari praecipimus, petitor certissimam victoriam fuerit consecutus: etiam si lis ex transactione aut qualibet alia ratione fuerit sopita, modis omnibus suam a petitore vindicaturo aerario portionem, quamvis etiam beneficio quis speciali sibi de universitate praecaverit. alioquin titubet in petitore perceptio, si ius suum non constet aerario. dat.

We likewise order the advocates of the fisc to keep their voice in its own silence, and that a party vindicating a share for the treasury not be admitted, before, by judicial cognitional procedure, a sentence— which indeed we order to be pronounced and handled in the presence of the patron of the fisc— the petitioner shall have obtained the most certain victory: even if the suit has been lulled to sleep by a transaction/settlement or by any other ground, by every method the treasury will vindicate its own portion from the petitioner who is about to recover, although someone has even by a special benefice provided beforehand for himself out of the universality. otherwise, let the receipt in the petitioner totter, if its right is not established to the treasury. given.

iii id. mai. constantinopoli theodosio a. xi et valentiniano caes. conss.

on the 3rd day before the ides of may.
at constantinople, when theodosius augustus for the 11th time and valentinian caesar were consuls.

(425 mai. 13).

(425 May 13).

CTh.10.10.33

The Theodosian Code 10.10.33

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. ad senatum. nusquam calumnia perstrepet; nullus innocentium fortunarum delator occurret; stabit legitima servitutis libertatisque discretio iura dominorum servorum non impune rebellium restitutione sancimus; patricii fori solidantes privilegia inviolabilem manere decrevimus trabeatam quietem; competitorum non tantum vitia comprimimus, sed ipsum etiam nomen abolemus.

The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian, Augusti, to the Senate. Nowhere shall calumny resound; no informer of the fortunes of the innocent shall appear; the lawful distinction of servitude and liberty shall stand we sanction by restitution the rights of masters against slaves who rebel, not with impunity; strengthening the privileges of the court of the Patricius we have decreed that the trabeate repose remain inviolable; we suppress not only the vices of competitors, but even the very name we abolish.

et cetera. dat. vi kal.

and the rest. given on the 6th before the kalends.

ian. romae theodosio xii et valentiniano ii aa. conss. (426 dec.

jan. at rome, with theodosius for the 12th time and valentinian for the 2nd, the augusti, consuls. (426 dec.

27 [ian. 3]).

27 [Jan. 3]).

CTh.10.10.34

The Theodosian Code 10.10.34

Idem aa. thalassio comiti rerum privatarum. si quis ex his, qui sacro nostro cubiculo serviunt, ad petitionem caducorum ad fiscum pertinentium adspiraverit, cum impetrabile huius fuerit postulatum, lege, qua pars dimidia vindicatur aerario, protinus absolvatur primoque nutu nostrae clementiae statim integro perfruatur, nec laboret ad partis alterius, quae fisco videtur addicta, prorsus petitionem attingi, norma legis antea promulgatae in ceteris omnibus custodita. dat.

The same Augusti to Thalassius, Count of the Private Estate. If any of those who serve in our sacred bedchamber should aspire to a petition concerning caducary goods pertaining to the Fiscus,
since the petition in this matter would be grantable, let him be forthwith released from the law by which a half share is vindicated to the Aerarium, and at the first nod of our clemency let him immediately enjoy the whole;
nor let him toil that the petition touching the other part, which seems assigned to the Fiscus, be reached at all,
the norm of the law previously promulgated being kept in all other respects. Given.

viii kal. mar. constantinopoli theodosio a. xiii et qui fuerit nuntiatus.

8 days before the Kalends of March, at Constantinople, under Theodosius Augustus, in his 13th consulship, and whoever shall have been
announced.

(430 febr. 22).

(430 Feb. 22).

CTh.10.11.0. De his qui se deferunt

CTh.10.11.0. Concerning those who denounce themselves

CTh.10.11.1

Imp. constantinus a. rationalibus histpaniarum. is, cuius tacitae fidei commissa fuerit hereditas, statim officio gravitatis tuae nuntiet et gesta prodat et continuo quod actum fuerit renuntiet, et post hanc fidem tertiam ab omnibus defuncti bonis percipiat portionem.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to the rationales of the Spains. He, to whose tacit trust an inheritance shall have been committed, shall immediately notify the office of your gravity and produce the acts and forthwith report what has been done, and after this good faith let him receive a third portion from all the goods of the deceased.

quod si ab uxore defuncti istud officio devotionis tuae fuerit revelatum, ipsa etiam, quam defunctus esse voluit heredem, si gesta aperuerit, tali praemio mancipetur, ut ex omni patrimonio medium consequatur et cum fisco nostro celebret divisionem, id etiam habitura privilegium, ut prior eligat portionem; et tunc occultator ille gestorum, fisci et mulieris pariter inimicus, exutus omni patrimonio suo ac fisco vindicato in insulam deportetur. dat. id. mar.

but if
by the wife of the deceased this shall have been revealed to the office of your devotion, she also, whom the deceased wished to be his heir, if she shall have opened the proceedings, shall be made over to such a
reward, that from the whole patrimony she may obtain the half and celebrate the division with our fisc, having also this privilege,
that she choose the portion first; and then that concealer of the proceedings, an enemy equally of the fisc and of the woman, stripped of all his patrimony and the fisc vindicated,
shall be deported to an island. Given on the Ides of March.

gallicano et basso conss. (317 mart. 15).

Gallicanus and Bassus, consuls. (317 mar. 15).

CTh.10.12.0. Si vagum petatur mancipium

CTh.10.12.0. If a vagrant slave (mancipium) be sought

CTh.10.12.1pr.

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad probum praefectum praetorio. qui vaga mancipia iuris alieni petunt, si iustitia eadem probant, impetrati beneficii auctoritate potiantur vendendique concessam aliis quam delatoribus habeant facultatem.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Probus, Praetorian Prefect. Those who seek wandering slaves of another’s right, if they prove the same in justice, shall obtain the authority of the benefit obtained, and shall have the granted faculty of selling to others than delators.

si vero aut his qui detulerint distracta fuerint aut ab his qui ante possederint detinentur, non effugiatur ultio, quae est legibus constituta. (368? 370?

if, however, they have been sold to those who have reported them,
or are detained by those who previously possessed them, let there be no escape from the punishment which is established by the laws. (368? 370?

373? mart. 21).

373? March 21).

CTh.10.12.1.1

Sed et dominis propriorum vindicatio competat et eadem poena, quae de occultatoribus et fugitivariis data est, unusquisque teneatur. dat. xii kal.

But let the vindication of their own [slaves] also be competent to the masters, and let each person be held by the same penalty which has been given concerning concealers and harborers of fugitives. Given on the 12th before the Kalends.

april. treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (368?

April. At Trier, Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, consuls. (368?

370? 373? mart.

370? 373? mar.

21).

CTh.10.12.2pr.

CTh.10.12.2pref.

Idem aa. ad probum praefectum praetorio. quicumque habuerit super vagi mancipii postulatione rescriptum, non prius quicquam inquietudinis moliatur, quam facta eius allegatione sollemniter delatorem, a quo fuerit instructus, expresserit; careat etiam, si eum prodere supersederit, fructu et commoditate beneficii. nec ante aliquis quem poposcerit per manus iniectionem aestimet vindicandum, quam definitiva inter partes fuerit dicta sententia.

The same Augusti to Probus, Praetorian Prefect. Whoever shall have a rescript on the petition concerning a wandering slave, let him not undertake any disturbance before, his allegation having been made in due form, he has expressly named the informer by whom he was instructed; let him also, if he has refrained from producing him, be without the fruit and advantage of the beneficium. Nor let anyone deem that the person whom he has demanded is to be seized by laying-on of hands before a definitive sentence has been pronounced between the parties.

(368? 370? 373?

iun. 17).

June 17).

CTh.10.12.2.1

Theodosian Code 10.12.2.1

Has vero cognitiones ad ordinarios volumus pertinere rectores, ut delatoribus primitus in medio collocatis, his etiam, qui quasi vagi sacro nominabuntur indulto, ad iudicia productis, totius causae interna discutiant solliciteque ac diligenter interrogent, de quorum dominio fuga vel quo alio genere discesserint qui petuntur, ut is, in quo vitium deprehenderint, ad dominum sub prosecutione revocetur. (368? 370?

We wish these investigations to pertain to the ordinary governors, with the delators first placed in the midst, and with those also, who, as if vagrants, will be designated by the sacred indult, brought before the courts, let them sift the internal matters of the whole cause and solicitously and diligently question, from whose dominion those who are claimed have departed by flight or by what other kind of departure, so that the one in whom they shall have detected the fault may be called back to his lord under prosecution. (368? 370?

373? iun. 17).

373? June 17).

CTh.10.12.2.2

Si quis etiam vel tributarius repperitur vel inquilinus ostenditur, ad eum protinus redeat, cuius se esse profitetur. (368? 370?

If anyone also is found either as a tributary or is shown as an inquiline, let him at once return to him whom he professes himself to belong to. (368? 370?

373? iun. 17).

373? June 17).

CTh.10.12.2.3

Nihilo minus etiam eo pergat indago, ut cuncta rimando cognoscat, utrum is fuerit petitionis hortator, qui iniquae retentionis invidiam aliquo necesse habuerit colorare velamine ut, si colonos eadem occulere arte quaesiverit, indemnitatem sarciat tributorum; si servos, ad eam poenam, quae dudum est legibus constituta, teneatur. (368? 370?

Nonetheless let the inquiry also proceed to that point, so that by ransacking everything he may learn whether he was the encourager of the petition, who must have had to color with some veil the odium of unjust retention, so that, if he has sought to hide coloni (tenant-farmers) by the same art, he shall repair by indemnity the tributes; if slaves, he shall be held to that penalty which long ago was established by the laws. (368? 370?

373? iun. 17).

373? June 17).

CTh.10.12.2.4

Quisquis autem plebeium se adserit esse vel liberum, fide rei ostensa ab omni molestia vindicetur et ad ea loca, ex quibus eum esse claruerit, remittatur. (368? 370?

Whoever, moreover, asserts himself to be plebeian or free, with the proof of the matter shown, let him be vindicated from all molestation and be sent back to those places, from which it has become clear that he is remitted. (368? 370?

373? iun. 17).

373? June 17).

CTh.10.12.2.5

Contra in his, qui aut dominis sine herede defunctis invenientur dominos non habere aut servi poenae aliquando facti ac postmodum liberati iudicialibus dominos amisere sententiis, postremo in universis, de quibus iniectio manus fisco rite praebetur, munificentiae principali congruus patebit effectus. (368? 370?

Conversely, in the case of those who, their masters having died without an heir, are found to have no owners, or who, having at some time been made slaves of punishment and afterward freed,
have lost their owners by judicial sentences, finally, in all cases, with respect to whom seizure by the fisc is duly afforded, a congruous effect of imperial munificence will be apparent.
(368? 370?

373? iun. 17).

373? June 17).

CTh.10.12.2.6

Codex Theodosianus 10.12.2.6

Sane, quia in petitione deceptis convenit provideri, quotienscumque fuerit circumscripta simplicitas, ex delatorum isdem re atque substantia ad eum modum, quem habitae concertationis impendia supputata collegerint postulatique hominis aestimatio comprehenderit, consulatur. dat. xv kal.

Indeed, since it is fitting that provision be made for those deceived in a petition, whenever simplicity has been overreached, from the very matter and substance of the delators, to the extent which the computed expenses of the contest have totaled and the appraisal of the man proceeded against has encompassed, let relief be provided. Given on the 15th before the Kalends.

iul. treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (368?

July, at Trier, when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls (368?

370? 373? iun.

370? 373? June.

17).

CTh.10.13.0. De petitoribus et desistentibus

CTh.10.13.0. On petitioners and those desisting

CTh.10.13.1

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. ad gorgonium comitem rerum privatarum.

emperors valentinian, theodosius, and arcadius, augusti, to gorgonius, count of the private estates.

si quispiam alienae substantiae petitor mora ludificante in longum protrahere coeperit possidentem et tertio conventus cum delatore noluerit adesse iudiciis, non solum iurgii, quod exortum est, amissione multetur, verum etiam sumptus et litis expensas ei reddere compellatur, quem superfluo litigio credidit esse vexandum. quod quidem etiam in absentem contumacem post trinam, ut dictum est, conventionem statuendum esse censemus. dat.

If any claimant to another’s substance, by a dilatory, trifling delay, has begun to protract the possessor for a long time, and, when summoned a third time, is unwilling to be present at the proceedings together with the delator, let him be mulcted not only by the forfeiture of the quarrel that has arisen, but also be compelled to repay to him whom he believed ought to be vexed by superfluous litigation the costs and expenses of the suit. We deem that this is to be established even against an absent contumacious person after a threefold, as said, summons. Given.

viii id. iun. mediolano honorio nb p et evodio v. c. conss. (386 iun.

june 6
at milan, under the consulship of honorius, most noble boy, and evodius, most distinguished man, consuls. (386 jun.

6).

CTh.10.14.0. Si petitionis socius sine herede defecerit

CTh.10.14.0. If the associate in the petition has died without an heir

CTh.10.14.1 [=brev.10.6.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad mygdonium castrensem s. palatii. si quis forte decesserit eorum, qui communi nomine donatum aliquid a nostra impetraverunt clementia, nec superstites dereliquerit successores, placet, non ad extraneam quamcumque* personam, sed ad socium vel consortem pervenire portionem illius, qui intestatus aut sine liberis defunctus est.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Mygdonius, Castrensis of the Sacred Palace. If anyone of those who, under a common name, have obtained some grant from our
clemency, should by chance die and should not have left surviving successors, it is our pleasure that the portion of him who has died intestate or without children shall come, not to any outsider whatsoever*, but to the associate or
partner.

dat. xii. kal.

given on the 12th day before the Kalends.

april. antiochia, constantino a. iv. et licinio iv. coss.

april. antioch, constantine augustus 4 and licinius 4, consuls.

interpretatio. si aliquis ex iis mortuus fuerit, ad quos nominatim munificentia nostra processit, et nec testamentum fecisse, nec filios reliquisse cognoscitur, placet, ut portionem eius is, cum quo pariter defunctus accepit, id est socius eius acquirat: merito enim socius praefertur, ubi filii nulla persona intervenisse cognoscitur

interpretation. If any one of those has died, to whom our munificence has been extended by name, and it is ascertained that he has made no testament and has left no sons,
it is our pleasure that his portion be acquired by the one with whom the deceased received it equally, that is, his associate: for deservedly the associate
is preferred, where it is known that no person of sons has intervened

CTh.10.14.2

Imp. constantius a. orioni viro clarissimo. nonnulli in nostro vel patris nostri obsequio constituti nominibus iunctis professionem sibi largientibus nobis tribui poposcerunt.

the emperor constantius augustus to orion, a most distinguished man. some, established in our service or in that of our father, with their names conjoined, have demanded that a profession, bestowing largess upon themselves, be granted by us.

iubemus itaque, ut si qui forsitan ex his, qui communiter aliquid impetraverint, nullo herede derelicto decesserit, ad consortem potius solacium quam ad personam aliam pars perveniat decedentis. dat. xv kal.

we command therefore that, if perhaps any of those who have obtained something in common should die, with no heir left behind, the part of the decedent should come to the consort as solace rather than to another person. given on the 15th day before the kalends.

iul. mediolano philippo et sallia conss. (348 iun.

Jul., at Milan
Philip and Sallia, consuls. (348 Jun.

17).

CTh.10.15.0. De advocatis fisci

CTh.10.15.0. On the advocates of the fisc

CTh.10.15.1 [=brev.10.7.1]

Imp. constantinus a. aeliano proconsuli africae. post alia: fisci advocatus, poenam metuens, caveat, ne fiscalia commoda occultet, neve, nullo negotio exsistente, fisci nomine privatis audeat calumnias commovere.

The Emperor Constantine Augustus to Aelianus, proconsul of Africa. After other matters: Let the advocate of the fisc, fearing punishment, take care not to conceal fiscal advantages, and not,
when no suit exists, to dare in the name of the fisc to stir up calumnies against private persons.

dat. vi. id. nov. treviris, constantino a. iv. et licinio iv. coss.

Given on the sixth day before the Ides of November (November 8), at Trier, in the consulship of Constantine Augustus for the 4th time and Licinius for the 4th time, consuls.

interpretatio. hi, qui fisci nostri commoda vel utilitatem tuentur, hanc debent custodire mensuram, ne negligentes circa ea, quae nobis iure debentur, exsistant, et ne provincialibus calumniatores, dum aliquid ab iis iniuste fisci nomine repetunt, approbentur

interpretation. those who protect the advantages or utility of our fisc should keep this measure, lest they prove negligent concerning the things which are owed to us by right, and lest they be approved among the provincials as calumniators, while they unjustly reclaim something from them in the name of the fisc

CTh.10.15.2

Idem a. ad pacatianum praefectum praetorio. etsi potior aput nos privatorum causa est quam fisci tutela, praecipimus tamen, si a nobis plures defensacula fisci meruerint, eum praeponi ceteris, qui melior innocentia, potior litteris, pollentior reliquis examinata fide esse noscetur, etiamsi post alios hoc beneficium a nostra clementia reportavit. dat.

The same Augustus to Pacatianus, Praetorian Prefect. Although the cause of private persons is weightier with us than the tutelage of the fisc, nevertheless we prescribe that, if from us several have deserved defensorships of the fisc, he be set before the rest who shall be known, after his faith has been examined, to be better in innocence, superior in letters, more puissant than the others, even if he has received this benefice from our clemency after others. Given.

iii non. iul. singiduno optato et paulino conss.

July 5, at Singidunum, in the consulship of Optatus and Paulinus.

(334 iul. 5).

(334 July 5).

CTh.10.15.3

Theodosian Code 10.15.3

Imp. constantius a. ad petronium vicarium africae. patroni fiscalium commodorum fidem cum veritate tueantur, ne, si forte intra praescriptas causae cognoscendae metas fiscus aliqua circumscriptione fuerit irretitus, collusionis fraude vulgata ex eorum facultatibus recuperet, quidquid calliditate praevaricationis perdiderit.

Emperor Constantius Augustus to Petronius, Vicar of Africa. Let the patrons (advocates) of the fiscal emoluments uphold good faith together with truth, lest, if perchance within the prescribed bounds for learning the case the fisc be ensnared by some circumvention, once the fraud of collusion has been made public it recover from their resources whatever it has lost by the cunning of prevarication.

subscripta v id. april. aquileiae acindyno et proculo conss. (340 apr.

subscribed on 9 April, at Aquileia, in the consulship of Acindynus and Proculus. (340 apr.

9).

CTh.10.15.4

Theodosian Code 10.15.4

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad rufinum praefectum praetorio. vicarios praefecturae ordinariosque rectores praecelsa sinceritas tua istius sanctionis auctoritate commoneat, ut privatae rei nostrae, quotienscumque aliquas vel denuntiaverit vel exceperit actiones, idoneos tribuant advocatos.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Rufinus, praetorian prefect. Let Your Most Exalted Sincerity, by the authority of this sanction, admonish the vicars of the prefecture and the ordinary governors, that for our private estate, whenever it shall either have given notice of or received any actions, they provide suitable advocates.

dat. xiiii kal. iun.

dated 14 days before the Kalends of June.

remis lupicino et iovino conss. (367 mai. 19).

At Reims, in the consulship of Lupicinus and Jovinus. (May 19, 367).

CTh.10.16.0. De fisci debitoribus

CTh.10.16.0. On the fisc's debtors

CTh.10.16.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad auxonium praefectum praetorio. de diacatochis quosdam comperimus ita fiscales lacerasse rationes, ut satisfieri aerario nostro sine patrimonii eorum venditione non possit, sed eorundem bonis propositis nonnulli fiscalem refugiant auctionem, metuentes, ne, si aliquam bonorum emerint portionem, etiam ad reliqua debita inferenda teneantur.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Auxonius, Prefect of the Praetorium. Concerning the diacatochi, we have discovered that certain men have so lacerated the fiscal accounts that satisfaction cannot be made to our Treasury without the sale of their patrimony, but when the goods of these same persons are set forth, some avoid the fiscal auction, fearing lest, if they should buy any portion of the goods, they would also be held to bring in the remaining debts.

nihil igitur ab his amplius flagitetur, quam pro rerum viribus generaliter comparatarum decursis hastis voluntaria fuerint pretii oblatione polliciti. dat. kal.

Therefore, let nothing further be demanded from them than what, in accordance with the value of the goods generally purchased, after the auction has been held, they shall have promised by a voluntary offer of the price. Given on the Kalends.

sept. valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (368?

Sept. when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls (368?).

370? sept. 1).

September 1, 370?).

CTh.10.16.2

Codex Theodosianus 10.16.2

Idem aa. et gratianus a. ad archelaum comitem orientis. hi, qui fisco nostrae mansuetudinis obnoxii sunt, omissa frustratione teneantur, ut, quod suis nominibus debent, de suis facultatibus cogantur exsolvere, servatis, cum compleverint, allegationibus propriis, si quas adversus quoscumque ex suis contractibus debitores competere sibi ex iure crediderint, ita ut adversus eos, quos sibi obnoxios adseverant, legibus et iudiciis experiendum esse cognoscant. dat.

The same Augusti and Gratian Augustus to Archelaus, Count of the East. Those who are liable to the fisc of Our Clemency, with evasion set aside, shall be held,
so that what they owe in their own names they are compelled to pay from their own means, with their own allegations preserved, when they have completed (payment), if they shall have believed that any actions lie to them by law against any debtors from their own contracts,
in such a way that they may understand that they must proceed against those whom they assert to be liable to them, by laws and by courts. Given.

iii non. iul. novioduno valentiniano nb p et victore conss.

3 days before the Nones of July, at Noviodunum, under Valentinian, most noble boy, and Victor, consuls.

(369 iul. 5).

(369 July 5).

CTh.10.16.3 [=brev.10.8.1]

Imppp. valens, grat. et valent.

emperors Valens, Gratian, and Valentinian.

aaa. fortunatiano comiti r. p. inter chartulas deportati brevis quidam asseveratur inventus, qui nomina continebat debitorum seu contractorum. quum tamen neque testibus credita pecunia probaretur, neque cautionibus, quae inserta sunt, doceantur, facile esse perspeximus, ut sub propriae annotationis manu unusquisque faciat debitorem.

aaa. to fortunatianus, count of the private estate. among the papers of the deported man a certain brief is asserted to have been found, which contained the names
of debtors or contractors. since, however, neither is the credited money proved by witnesses, nor is it shown by the cautions which are inserted, we have clearly perceived that it is easy, under the hand of one’s own annotation, for anyone to make a debtor.

occasionis igitur huius calumniam praesenti volumus iussione cohiberi, ut, brevis vanitate reiecta, nullus ad redhibitionem de his, quorum nomina conscripta sunt, urgeatur. dat. prid.

Therefore we wish the calumny of this opportunity to be cohibited by the present injunction, so that, the vanity of the brief rejected, no one be pressed to redhibition concerning those whose names have been written down. Given the day before.

non. iul. hierapoli, gratiano a. iv. et merobaude coss.

on the Nones of July, at Hierapolis, in the consulship of Gratian Augustus for the 4th time and Merobaudes, consuls.

interpretatio. si prolati breves vel a quocumque* dimissi inveniantur, in quibus sibi quicumque* aliquos faciat debitores, nullis cautionibus prolatis neque aliis evidentibus documentis, nullam adscripti breves obtineant firmitatem

interpretation. if produced briefs or those issued by whoever* are found, in which anyone* makes some persons his debtors for himself, with no
securities produced nor other evident documents, the subscribed briefs shall obtain no validity

CTh.10.16.4

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. florentio proconsuli palaestinae.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, augusti, to florentius, proconsul of palestine.

nemo susceptor vel exactor vel debitor fisci dumtaxat cessionem bonorum faciens intentionem publicae necessitatis evadat, sed omnes omnino, quos fisci nostri esse constiterit debitores, ad solutionem ea severitate, quam vigor iudiciarius postulat, urgeantur. dat. viii kal.

No tax-receiver or collector or debtor of the fisc, merely by making a cession of goods, shall evade the intention (claim) of public necessity; but all without exception, whom it has been established are debtors of our fisc, shall be pressed to payment with that severity which judicial vigor demands. given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

sept. constantinopoli arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 aug.

sept. at Constantinople, when Arcadius, Augustus, for the 1st time, and Bauto were consuls. (385
Aug.

25).

CTh.10.17.0. De fide et iure hastae

CTh.10.17.0. On the faith and right of the spear

CTh.10.17.1

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad viventium praefectum praetorio galliarum.

the emperors valentinian, valens and gratian, augusti, to viventius, praetorian prefect of the gauls.

quaecumque pro reliquis prodigorum in annonario titulo ceterisve fiscalibus debitis in quibuscumque corporibus sub auctione licitanda sunt, fisco auctore vendantur, ut perpetuo penes eos sint iure dominii, quibus res huiuscemodi sub hastae sollemnis arbitrio fiscus addixerit. et si quid umquam, ut a fisco facta venditio possit infringi, auctoritate rescripti fuerit impetratum, nullus obtemperet, cum etiam minoribus, si quando aliquid ex rebus eorum pro fiscalibus debitis adiudicatur emptoribus, repetitionis facultas in omnem intercipiatur aetatem. dat.

whatever things, for the arrears of spendthrifts under the annona title or other fiscal debts, in whatever corporations, are to be bid upon under auction, let them be sold with the fisc as author, so that they may be perpetually in the hands of those by the right of dominion, to whom the fisc has adjudged things of this kind under the arbitrium of the solemn spear (auction). and if ever anything shall have been obtained by the authority of a rescript, to the effect that a sale made by the fisc can be broken, let no one obey, since even for minors, if ever anything from their goods is adjudged to purchasers for fiscal debts, the faculty of repetition is intercepted for their whole lifetime. given.

iii non. nov. treviris valentiniano n. p. et victore conss.

3 before the Nones of November, at Trier
under the consuls Valentinian, most noble boy, and Victor.

(369 nov. 3).

(369 Nov. 3).

CTh.10.17.2

Codex Theodosianus 10.17.2

Idem aaa. ad felicem comitem sacrarum largitionum. si qui proscribente ac distrahente fisco debitorum fiscalium emerint facultates, pro earum rerum tantum pretiis obnoxii sint, quas eos patuerit decursis hastis et proscriptione habita comparasse.

The same Augusti to Felix, count of the sacred largesses. If anyone has purchased assets when the fisc, by proscription and sale, disposes of the property of fiscal debtors, let them be liable only for the prices of those things which it will be evident they have acquired with the spears run (i.e., at public auction) and after proscription has been made.

nam ita eos munimus, ut nullius conventioni patiamur extrinsecus subiacere. dat. vii id. mart.

for we thus secure them, that
we do not allow them to be subject from without to anyone’s action. Given on the 7th day before the Ides of March.

marcianopoli valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (370? mart.

at marcianopolis, valentinian and valens, the augusti, consuls. (370? march.

9).

CTh.10.17.3 [=brev.10.9.1]

Theodosian Code 10.17.3 [= Breviary 10.9.1]

Imppp. valent., theodos. et arcad.

The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius.

aaa. ad magnillum vicarium africae. si quos debitorum mole depressos necessitas publicae rationis adstringat proprias distrahere facultates, rei qualitas et redituum quantitas aestimetur, ne, sub nomine subhastationis publicae locus fraudibus relinquatur et, possessionibus viliore distractis, plus exactor ex gratia quam debitor ex pretio consequatur.

aaa. to Magnillus, vicarius of Africa. If the necessity of the public account should constrain any who are weighed down by the mass of debts to sell off their own means, let the quality of the property and the quantity of the revenues be assessed, lest, under the name of public auction, room be left for frauds,
and, with the holdings disposed of at a cheaper price, the collector should obtain more from favor than the debtor from the price.

hi postremo, sub empti* titulo, perpetuo dominii iure potiantur, qui tantum annumeraverint fisco, quantum exegerit utilitas privatorum. etenim periniquum est, ut, alienis bonis sub gratiosa auctione distractis, parum accedat publico nomini, quum totum pereat debitori. dat.

Let these, finally, under the title of purchase, obtain by a perpetual right of dominion, who shall have paid to the fisc as much as the utility of the private parties has required. For it is most inequitable that, when another’s goods are sold off under a gracious auction, too little should accrue to the public name, while the debtor loses the whole. Given.

xiii. kal. iul.

June 19.

aquileia, acc. id. ian. hadrumeti, post cons.

aquileia, received on the ides of january. hadrumetum, after the consulship.

tatiani et symmachi vv. cc.

tatianus and symmachus, most distinguished men.

interpretatio. si quicumque* publici debiti enormitate constringitur, ut non possit hoc ipsum debitum nisi vendita propria facultate dissolvere, in eius modi debito hanc exactores formam servare debebunt, ut non ita rem praecipitent, ut res minore, quam valeat, pretio distrahatur, nec tales sub quolibet colludio provideant emptores*, ut et debitor proprietatem perdat, et parum fiscus acquirat

interpretation. If whoever* is constrained by the enormity of a public debt, such that he cannot dissolve this very debt except by selling his own means, in a debt of this kind the exactors must observe this form: that they do not so precipitate the matter that the property is sold off at a price less than it is worth, nor provide purchasers* under any collusion, such that both the debtor loses proprietorship, and the fisc acquires too little

CTh.10.18.0. De thesauris

CTh.10.18.0. On treasures

CTh.10.18.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad rationales. quicumque thesaurum invenerit et ad fiscum sponte detulerit, medietatem consequatur inventi, alterum tantum fisci rationibus tradat, ita tamen, ut citra inquietudinem quaestionis omnis fiscalis calumnia conquiescat.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to the Rationales. Whoever shall have found a treasure and has of his own accord brought it to the fisc, let him obtain one half of what was found; let him deliver the other half to the accounts of the fisc, provided, however, that, without the disquiet of inquiry, every fiscal calumny shall come to rest.

haberi enim fidem fas est his, qui sponte obtulerint quod invenerint. si quis autem inventas opes offerre noluerit et aliqua ratione proditus fuerit, a supra dicta venia debebit excludi. dat.

for it is lawful to have faith in those who of their own accord have presented what they have found. But if anyone is unwilling to offer the discovered wealth and has by any means been revealed, he ought to be excluded from the aforesaid pardon. Given.

iii kal. april. constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss.

march 30. constantine, augustus, for the 4th time, and licinius for the 4th time, consuls.

(315 mart. 30).

(315 March 30).

CTh.10.18.2pr. [=brev.10.10.1pr.]

Theodosian Code 10.18.2 preface [= breviary 10.10.1 preface].

Imppp. grat., valent. et theodos.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius.

aaa. ad populum urbis constantinopolitanae. quisquis thesauros et condita ab ignotis dominis tempore vetustiore monilia quolibet casu repererit, suae vindicet potestati, neque calumniae formidinem fiscali aut privato nomine ullis deferentibus pertimescat; non metalli qualitas, non reperti modus sub aliquod periculum quaestionis incurrat.

aaa. to the people of the city of Constantinople. whoever shall by whatever chance have found treasures and necklaces laid away by unknown owners in an earlier time, let him vindicate them to his own power, and let him not fear the dread of calumny, with any denouncers bringing charges in the fiscal or in a private name; let neither the quality of the metal nor the manner of the finding incur any peril of inquisition.

CTh.10.18.2.1 [=brev.10.10.1.1]

In hac tamen naturali aequitate animadvertimus quoddam temperamentum adhibendum, ut, si cui in solo proprio huius modi contigerit, integro id iure praesumat; qui in alieno, in quartam repertorum partem eum, qui loci dominus fuerit, admittat. ne tamen per hanc licentiam quisquam aut aliena effodiat, aut in locis non sui iuris per famam suspecta rimetur. dat.

In this matter, however, of natural equity we have observed that a certain temperament must be applied, so that, if something of this sort should befall someone on his own soil, let him presume it with entire right intact; he who on another’s, let him admit the owner of the place to a fourth part of the things found. nevertheless, lest by this license anyone either dig up what is another’s, or in places not of his own right pry into things suspected by report. Given.

vii. kal. febr.

January 26.

thessalonica, gratiano a. v. et theodos. a. i. coss.

thessalonica, with gratian augustus 5
and theodosius augustus 1 as consuls.

interpretatio. si quicumque* thesaurum in sua terra invenerit, ei ex integro, quod inventum est, acquiratur, et nullam calumniam pertimescat. si vero in loco alieno thesaurum casu invenerit, eum, qui loci dominus est, in quartam inventarum rerum debet admittere. attamen nullus effodiendo loca aliena praesumat ista requirere

interpretation. if whoever* shall have found a treasure in his own land, let what has been found be acquired to him in its entirety, and let him fear no calumny. if indeed in an alien place he shall by chance have found a treasure, he who is lord of the place ought to be admitted to a fourth of the things found. nevertheless let no one, by digging, presume to seek these things in alien places

CTh.10.18.3

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. neoterio praefecto praetorio.

emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius augusti. to neoterius praetorian prefect.

eos, qui suadente numine vel ducente fortuna thesauros reppererint, reppertis laetari rebus sine aliquo terrore permittimus. dat. vi non.

we permit those who, with a numen advising or Fortune leading, have found treasures, to rejoice in the things found without any terror. Given 6 Nones.

mart. constantinopoli valentiniano a. iiii et neoterio conss. (390 mart.

March at Constantinople, Valentinian, Augustus, for the 4th time, and Neoterius
consuls. (390 March.

2).

CTh.10.19.0. De metallis et metallariis

CTh.10.19.0. On mines and miners

CTh.10.19.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad maximum rationalem africae. secandorum marmorum ex quibuscumque metallis volentibus tribuimus facultatem, ita ut, qui caedere metallum atque ex eo facere quodcumque decreverint, etiam distrahendi habeant liberam potestatem.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Maximus, rationalis of Africa. We grant the faculty to those who wish to cut marbles from whatever metalla, so that those who shall have decided to hew a metallum and from it make whatever they please may also have the free power of selling it.

dat. prid. kal.

given the day before the kalends.

octob. constantino a. vi et constantino caes. conss.

October. Constantine Augustus for the 6th time and Constantine Caesar, consuls.

(320 sept. 30).

(320 September 30).

CTh.10.19.2

Theodosian Code 10.19.2

Imp. iulianus a. ad rufinum comitem orientis. quoniam marmorum cupiditate in inmensum quoddam saxorum pretia aucta sunt, ut sumptuosa voluntas copia relaxetur, permittimus omnibus, ut qui volunt caedere habeant licentiam adtributam.

Emperor Julian Augustus to Rufinus, count of the East. Since by a cupidity for marbles the prices of stones have been increased to an immense degree, so that
sumptuous desire may be relaxed by abundance, we permit all, that those who wish to quarry have license assigned

fore enim arbitramur, ut etiam complures saxorum nitentium venae in lumen usumque perveniant. dat. xi kal.

for we judge that
even several veins of shining stones will come into light and into use. given on the 11th before the Kalends.

nov. antiochiae iuliano a. iiii et sallustio conss. (363 oct.

Nov. at Antioch, Julian Augustus 4 and Sallustius, consuls. (363
Oct.

22).

CTh.10.19.3

Codex Theodosianus 10.19.3

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad cresconium comitem metallorum. perpensa deliberatione duximus sanciendum, ut, quicumque exercitium metallorum vellet adfluere, is labore proprio et sibi et rei publicae commoda compararet.

the emperors valentinian and valens, augusti, to cresconius, count of the mines. upon weighed deliberation we have deemed it to be sanctioned, that whoever should wish to resort to the working of the mines, by his own labor should procure advantages both for himself and for the republic.

itaque si qui sponte confluxerint, eos laudabilitas tua octonos scripulos in balluca cogat exsolvere; quidquid autem amplius colligere potuerint, fisco potissimum distrahant, a quo competentia ex largitionibus nostris pretia suscipient. dat. iiii id. decemb.

Therefore, if any have gathered of their own accord, Your Laudability shall compel them to pay eight scruples in balluca; whatever more they shall have been able to collect, let them sell preferably to the fisc, from which they will receive appropriate prices from our largesses. Given on the 4th day before the Ides of December.

parisis valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 dec. 10).

at paris, valentinian and valens, augusti, consuls. (365 dec. 10).

CTh.10.19.4

Theodosian Code 10.19.4

Idem aa. ad germanianum comitem sacrarum largitionum. ob metallicum canonem, in quo propria consuetudo retinenda est, quattuordecim uncias ballucae pro singulis libris constat inferri. dat.

The same Emperors to Germanianus, count of the sacred largesses. On account of the metallic canon, in which the proper custom is to be retained,
it is established that fourteen ounces of balluca are to be delivered for each pound. Given.

vi id. ian. rom. lupicino et ioviano conss.

6th before the ides of january, at rome, lupicinus and jovianus, consuls.

(367 ian. 8).

(367 Jan. 8).

CTh.10.19.5

Theodosian Code 10.19.5

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. fortunatiano comiti rerum privatarum.

the emperors valentinian, valens and gratian, augusti, to fortunatianus, count of the private estate.

nullam partem romani orbis credidimus relinquendam, ex qua non metallarii, qui incolunt latebras, producantur, et quos domus nostrae secreta retinent. et in comprehendendis eis investigatores eorum rectores congruis auxiliis prosequantur. dat.

we have believed that no part of the roman world should be left, from which the miners, who inhabit hiding-places, are not brought forth, and those whom the secret places of our house detain. and in apprehending them, let the investigators be attended by their directors with suitable auxiliaries. given.

prid. kal. mai.

April 30.

antiochiae valentiniano nb. p. et victore conss. (369 apr. 30).

at antioch, in the consulship of valentinian, most noble boy, and victor, consuls. (369 apr. 30).

CTh.10.19.6

Theodosian Code 10.19.6

Idem aaa. ad probum praefectum praetorio. si qua navis metallarium ad sardiniam transtulerit, gubernator ipsius vel magister quinos pro singulis hominibus solidos cogatur inferre.

The same Augusti to Probus, Prefect of the Praetorium. If any ship shall have transported mine-workers to Sardinia, its steersman or master shall be compelled to pay five solidi for each person.

dat. prid. non.

given on the day before the Nones.

iun. martiatici valentiniano nb. p. et victore conss. (369 iun.

June. at Martiaticum, in the consulship of Valentinian, most noble boy, and Victor. (369 June

4).

CTh.10.19.7

Idem aaa. ad probum praefectum praetorio. quemadmodum dominus noster valens per omnem orientem eos, qui ibidem auri metallum vago errore sectantur, a possessoribus cunctis iussit arceri, ita sinceritas tua universos per illyricum et dioecesim macedonicam provinciales edicto conveniat, ut nemo quemquam thracem ultra in possessione propria putet esse celandum, sed ut singulos potius regredi ad solum genitale compellant, quos inde venisse cognoscunt.

The same Augusti to Probus, praetorian prefect. Just as our lord Valens throughout the whole Orient ordered those who in those parts pursue the gold mine with vagrant wandering to be kept away by all possessors, so let Your Sincerity address by edict all the provincials through Illyricum and the Macedonian diocese, that no one should think that any Thracian any longer is to be concealed on his own possession, but rather that they compel individuals to return to their native soil, those whom they know to have come from there.

alioquin gravis in eum animadversio proferetur, qui latebram huiusmodi hominibus post haec interdicta praebuerit. dat. xiiii kal.

Otherwise, severe animadversion will be brought against him who shall have provided a hiding‑place
to men of this sort after these interdicts. Given on the 14th day before the Kalends.

april. treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (370?

april. at trier under the consulship of valentinian and valens, emperors. (370?

373? mart. 19).

373? mar. 19).

CTh.10.19.8

Theodosian Code 10.19.8

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. ad senatum.

the emperors valens, gratian, and valentinian, augusti, to the senate.

potestatem eruendi vel exsecandi de privatis lapidicinis iam pridem per macedoniam et illyrici tractum certa sub condicione permisimus. sed vobis, patres conscripti, volentibus liberalius deferetur, suo ut quisque sumptu suoque emolumento, vectigalis operas et portorii damna non metuens, pariat eam copiam. et cetera.

the power of extracting or excising from private stone‑quarries long since through macedonia and the tract of illyricum under a certain condition we have permitted.
but to you, conscript fathers, it will be conferred more liberally, if you are willing, that each, at his own expense and to his own emolument, not fearing the burdens of the tax‑levy and the losses of the portorium (customs‑duty), may produce that supply. and so forth.

lecta in senatu id. aug. valente v et valentiniano aa. conss. (376 aug.

read in the senate on the ides of august.
under the consulship of valens (5th) and valentinian, the augusti, consuls. (376 august

13).

CTh.10.19.9

Theodosian Code 10.19.9

Idem aaa. ad vindicianum virum clarissimum vicarium. datis ad illustres viros praefectos galliarum et italiae litteris primum metallarios praecipimus admoneri, ne eis novelli statuti, quod fuerat elicitum, privilegio transeundi ad sardiniam spes improba blandiatur; deinde provinciarum, quae mari alluuntur, iudices scientes fieri, ut universorum navigatio huiusmodi hominum generi clauderetur, ita ut, si aurileguli transfretare temptassent, severitate iudicis audaciae suae ferrent digna supplicia adficiendis etiam poena custodibus, si neglegentia navigandi isdem copiam praebuissent; ita ut haec non sine periculo suo rectores provinciarum neglegenda meminerint.

The same emperors to Vindicianus, a most distinguished man, the vicarius. With letters sent to the illustrious men, the prefects of the Gauls and of Italy, first we order that the miners be admonished, lest a wicked hope flatter them, by the privilege of passing over to Sardinia, from the new statute which had been elicited; then let the judges of the provinces which are washed by the sea be made aware, that the navigation of all men of this sort be shut off, such that, if the gold-gatherers should attempt to cross, by the severity of the judge they should bear punishments worthy of their audacity, the guards also to be subjected to a penalty, if by negligence they had afforded to the same the opportunity of sailing; so that the governors of the provinces remember that these things are not to be neglected without peril to themselves.

dat. xviii kal. sept.

given on the 18th day before the Kalends of September.

valente vi et valentiniano ii aa. conss. (378 aug. 15).

with Valens for the 6th time and Valentinian the 2nd, emperors, as consuls (378 Aug. 15).

CTh.10.19.10

Theodosian Code 10.19.10

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. floro praefecto praetorio.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, Augusti, to Florus, Praetorian Prefect.

cuncti, qui per privatorum loca saxorum venam laboriosis effossionibus persequuntur, decimas fisco, decimas etiam domino repraesentent, cetero modo suis desideriis vindicando. dat. iiii kal.

All who, through the places of private persons, pursue a vein of stone by laborious excavations, shall render tenths to the fisc, and tenths also to the owner, vindicating the rest to their own desires. Given on the 4th day before the Kalends.

sept. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss. (382 aug.

september. at constantinople, in the consulship of antonius and syagrius. (382 Aug.

29).

CTh.10.19.11

Theodosian Code 10.19.11

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. ii, quibus ad exercenda metalla privata dives marmorum vena consentit, excidendi exsecandique iuxta legem dudum latam habeant facultatem, ita ut decima pars fisci nostri utilitatibus, decima ei cuius locus est deputetur.

The same emperors to Cynegius, praetorian prefect. Those, for whom a rich vein of marbles consents to the working of private quarries, shall have the faculty of cutting out and cutting to size
in accordance with the law long ago passed, on condition that a tenth part be deputed to the utilities of our fisc, and a tenth to him whose place it is.

quidquid vero reliquum fuerit, id iuxta eiusdem legis tenorem exercentibus cedat habituris licentiam vendendi donandi et quo voluntas suaserit transferendi. dat. iii non.

Whatever, however, shall have remained, let that, according to the tenor of the same law, cede to the operators, who will have license of selling, donating, and transferring whither their will shall have suggested.
Given on the 3rd day before the Nones.

octob. constantinopoli richomere et clearcho conss. (384 oct.

oct., at constantinople, with richomer and clearchus consuls. (384 oct.

5).

CTh.10.19.12

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. romulo comiti sacrarum largitionum.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to romulus, count of the sacred largesses.

per annos singulos septeni per hominem scripuli largitionibus inferantur ab aurilegulis non solum in pontica dioecesi, verum etiam in asiana. dat. xi kal.

Each year, seven scripula per person shall be paid into the Largesses by the gold‑washers, not only in the Pontic diocese but also in the Asian. Given on the 11th day before the Kalends.

mart. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss. (392 febr.

March. At Constantinople, Arcadius, Augustus, 2,
and Rufinus, consuls. (392 Febr.

19).

CTh.10.19.13

Idem aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio. privatorum manus ab exercendo quolibet marmoreo metallo prohiberi praecipimus, ut fiscalibus instantia locis liberior relaxetur.

the same emperors to rufinus, praetorian prefect. we order that the hands of private persons be prohibited from exercising any marble quarry whatsoever, so that the pressure upon the fiscal places may be more freely relaxed.

si qui vero clandestino opere vetita deinceps exercere temptaverit, omne id, quidquid exciderit, iuri fisci et publico vindicandum. dat. prid.

But if anyone, by clandestine work, shall attempt henceforth to practice the forbidden, all that, whatever shall have been quarried, is to be vindicated to the right of the fisc and the public. Given, the day before.

id. feb. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 febr.

On the Ides of February, at Constantinople, Theodosius Augustus for the 3rd time and Abundantius, consuls. (393, Feb.

12).

CTh.10.19.14 [=brev.10.11.1]

Imppp. valent., theodos. et arcad.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius.

aaa. paterno. quosdam operta humo esse saxa dicentes id agere cognovimus, ut, defossis in altum cuniculis, alienarum aedium fundamenta labefactent.

aaa. to Paternus. we have learned that certain persons, saying that stones are covered with earth, are doing this: that, with tunnels dug deep, they undermine the foundations of other people’s buildings.

qua de re, si quando huius modi marmora sub aedificiis latere dicantur, perquirendi eadem copia denegetur, ne, dum cautium ementita nobilitas cum aedificiorum qualitate taxatur, et pretium domus, ne diruatur, offertur, non tam publicae rei studium quam privati causa videatur fuisse dispendii. dat. xvii.

On which account, if ever marbles of this sort are said to lie hidden beneath buildings, let the same license of searching be denied, lest, while the feigned nobility of the rocks is appraised together with the quality of the edifices, and the price of the house is offered, so that it not be torn down, it may seem that the cause of the expenditure was not so much zeal for the public matter as for a private person. Given on the 17.

kal. april. constantinopoli, theodos.

the Kalends of April, at Constantinople, Theodosius.

a. iii. et abundantio coss.

A., for the 3rd time, and Abundantius, consuls.

interpretatio. quicumque* metallum dicentes latere sub alienis aedificiis quaelibet saxa vel marmora effodienda crediderint, ut per eos fundamentorum firmitas incipiat vacillare, his inquisitionis huius licentiam denegamus, ne, dum nobiliores lapides se quaerere asserunt, aut vendere aut subvertere aliena fundamenta praesumant

interpretation. whoever, saying that a mine lies hidden beneath others’ buildings, will have believed that any stones or marbles are to be dug out, so that through them the firmness of the foundations begins to vacillate, to such persons we deny the license of this inquisition, lest, while they assert that they seek nobler stones, they presume either to sell or to subvert others’ foundations

CTh.10.19.15pr.

CTh.10.19.15, preface.

Imp. theodosius a. maximino comiti sacrarum largitionum. metallarii, qui ea regione deserta, ex qua videntur oriundi, ad externa migrarunt, indubitanter ad propriae originis stirpem laremque revocentur.

The Emperor Theodosius Augustus to Maximinus, Count of the Sacred Largesses. The miners who have deserted the region from which they appear to be sprung and have migrated to foreign parts are to be unhesitatingly recalled to the stock and the home of their own origin.

eorum autem earumque progenies, qui ex domibus privatorum eligere maluerunt consortia nuptiarum, aequa inter fiscum meum et parentes suos lance dividatur, ita ut, qui singulorum tantummodo filiorum probabuntur esse genitores, ex integro unicis fisco affectibus cedant: in posterum cunctis metallariorum condicionem necessario secuturis, quicumque ex ipsis et ex quocumque fuerint latere procreati. (424 iul. 11).

but the progeny of those men and women who have preferred to choose the consortia of nuptials from the houses of private persons shall be divided, with an equal scale, between my fisc and their own parents, such that those who will be proved to be the begetters of only single children shall, in full, yield to the fisc the exclusive claims: for the future all will necessarily follow the condition of the metallarii, whoever from them and from whichever side they may have been procreated. (424 July 11).

CTh.10.19.15.1

Qui vero metallica loca praedictae obnoxia functioni emisse perhibentur, isdem procul dubio, quae auctores eorum implere consueverant, muniis subiacebunt. nam de his, qui ad census annonarios transierunt, observandum est, ut illi, qui ante quinquennium tantummodo nexibus privatorum videntur impliciti, sine dubio ad originem propriam redire cogantur, ex aequo cum publicis fundis eorum subole dividenda et unico filio metallariorum origini vindicando, omni tamen ceteris in futurum huiuscemodi licentia arte praeclusa. quod si quis postea illud quod nunc prohibetur fecerit, sciat nullum exinde praeiudicium fisco esse generandum, etiamsi is, quem metallicum esse constabit, privatis censibus suum nomen indiderit.

Those indeed who are reported to have bought metalline places subject to the aforesaid function will, without doubt, be subject to the same duties which their grantors were accustomed to fulfill.
For as to those who have passed over to the annona censuses, it must be observed that those who seem to have been entangled only in the bonds of private persons for merely a five-year period are without doubt to be compelled to return to their proper origin, with their offspring to be divided equally with the public estates and a single son to be vindicated to the origin of the metallarii, yet with all license of this kind for the rest in the future strictly barred. But if anyone thereafter does that which is now prohibited, let him know that no prejudice to the fisc is thereby to be generated, even if the one who will be established to be a metallarius has entered his name on private censuses.

dat. v id. iul. constantinopoli victore v. c. cons.

dated the 5th day before the ides of july, at constantinople, with victor, a most distinguished man, as consul.

(424 iul. 11).

(424 July 11).

CTh.10.20.0. De murilegulis et gynaeceariis et monetariis et bastagariis

CTh.10.20.0. On mousers (murileguli) and gynaeceum-workers (gynaecearii) and moneyers (monetarii) and baggage-carriers (bastagarii)

CTh.10.20.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad bithynos. monetarios in sua semper durare condicione oportet nec dignitates eis perfectissimatus tribui vel ducenae vel centenae vel egregiatus.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to the Bithynians. The moneyers ought always to remain in their own condition, and dignities are not to be conferred upon them, whether the perfectissimate or
the ducenary or the centenary or the egregiate.

dat. xii kal. aug.

dated the 12th day before the Kalends of August (July 21).

gallicano et basso conss. (317 iul. 21).

gallicanus and bassus consuls. (317 jul. 21).

CTh.10.20.2

Theodosian Code 10.20.2

Imp. constantius a. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. quinque auri librarum multam exigatur, qui mancipium gynaecei, quod celat, non intra kal.

Emperor Constantius Augustus to Taurus, Praetorian Prefect. Let a fine of five pounds of gold be exacted from whoever does not
within the Kalends reveal the slave of the gynaeceum that he is concealing.

septemb. prodiderit. dat.

september he shall have disclosed. given.

xiiii kal. april. mediolano datiano et cereale conss.

March 19, at Milan, in the consulship of Datianus and Cerealis.

(358

[357] mart. 19).

[357] March 19).

CTh.10.20.3

Theodosian Code 10.20.3

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad germanum consularem. ingenuae mulieres, quae se gynaeceariis sociaverint, si conventae denuntiatione sollemni splendorem generis contuberniorum vilitati praeferre noluerint, suorum maritorum condicione teneantur.

The emperors valentinian and valens, augusti, to germanus, consular. Freeborn women who have associated themselves with gynaecium-workers, if, when summoned by a solemn denunciation, they are unwilling to prefer the splendor of their birth to the vileness of contubernia, shall be held by the condition of their own husbands.

dat. iiii kal. iul.

dated.
the 4th day before the Kalends of July.

mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 iun. 28).

at milan, valentinian and valens, augusti, consuls. (june 28, 365).

CTh.10.20.4

Theodosian Code 10.20.4

Idem aa. ad auxonium praefectum praetorio. quod ad praesens remedium pertinet, decimum animal bastagariis pro reparatione praebeatur. dat.

the same emperors to auxonius, the praetorian prefect. as pertains to the present remedy, to the bastagarii for replacement let a tenth animal be provided. given.

id. decemb. marcianopoli valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (368 dec.

the Ides of December, at Marcianopolis, when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls. (368 dec.

13).

CTh.10.20.5

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. filematio comiti sacrarum largitionum.

The Emperors Valentinian, Valens, and Gratian, Augusti, to Filematius, Count of the Sacred Largesses

si quis uxorem de familiis conchylegulorum acceperit, sciat condicioni eorundem se esse nectendum. dat. iiii kal.

If anyone has taken a wife from the families of the conchyl-collectors, let him know that he is to be bound to their condition. Given on the 4th day before the Kalends.

iul. treviris gratiano a. ii et probo conss. (371 iun.

July, at Trier, in the consulship of Gratian, Augustus, for the 2nd time, and Probus. (371 June

28).

CTh.10.20.6

Theodosian Code 10.20.6

Idem aaa. ad modestum. opifices vesti linteae contexendae in usum erogationum nostrarum operam dantes sollicitatos a plurimis esse cognovimus.

The same Augusti to Modestus. We have learned that the artificers giving their labor to the weaving-together of linen vesture for the use of our erogations have been solicited by many.

igitur et eos, penes quos sunt, et textores ipsos terna auri pondo thesaurorum commodis inferre praecipimus; quin etiam opifices ipsos textrinis linteae vestis vindicari conveniet. quod si aliquis detegetur in eadem insolentia permanere et iugiter opificem detinuerit, non iam multam, ut praeterito tempore iusseramus, sed proscriptionem subire debebit. dat.

Therefore we order both those in whose control they are and the weavers themselves to pay three pounds of gold to the advantage of the treasuries; indeed, it will be proper that the craftsmen themselves be reclaimed to the weaving-shops of linen clothing. But if anyone is detected to persist in the same insolence and has continually detained a craftsman, he must now undergo, not a fine, as we had ordered in past time, but proscription. Given.

v kal. iul. modesto et arintheo conss.

June 27, in the consulship of Modestus and Arintheus.

(372 iun. 27).

(June 27, 372).

CTh.10.20.7

Theodosian Code 10.20.7

Idem aaa. ad filematium comitem sacrarum largitionum. qui aliquem ex familiis gynaecei in latebris habere comperti sunt, quinque librarum auri damno subicientur.

The same Augusti to Filematius, Count of the Sacred Largesses. Those who are found to have someone from the households of the gynaeceum in hiding shall be subjected to a forfeiture of five pounds of gold.

dat. xii kal. sept.

dated 12 days before the Kalends of September.

ciliciae modesto et arintheo conss. (372 aug. 21).

In Cilicia, in the consulship of Modestus and Arintheus. (372 Aug. 21).

CTh.10.20.8

Theodosian Code 10.20.8

Idem aaa. ad tatianum comitem sacrarum largitionum. intra kalendarum augustarum diem qui linteones retentare dicuntur, antiquis eos condicionibus reddant aut se pro ingentis audaciae contumacia quinis auri libris per singulos eorum poenae nomine sciant esse feriendos: non minore circa eos etiam multae comminatione proposita, qui obnoxios scytopolitanos linyfos publico canoni in posterum suscipere conabuntur.

The same, to Tatianus, Count of the Sacred Largesses. By the day of the Kalends of August, those who are said to be detaining the linen-workers must restore them to their ancient conditions, or let them know that, for the contumacy of enormous audacity, they will be struck with a penalty of five pounds of gold for each of them:
with no lesser threatening of a fine also set forth concerning those who shall in future attempt to enroll the Scytopolitan linen-workers, liable to the public canon.

dat. xiiii kal. mar.

Dated on the 14th day before the Kalends of March.

antiochiae gratiano a. iii et equitio conss. (374 febr. 16).

at antioch, gratian augustus 3 and equitius, consuls. (374 feb. 16).

CTh.10.20.9

Theodosian Code 10.20.9

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad eucherium.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, augusti, to eucherius.

qui textrini nostri mancipia occultatione celaverit, ternis libris auri pro singulorum hominum suppressione plectatur. proposita karthagine iii kal. mart.

whoever by occultation has hidden the slaves of our textile workshop, let him be punished with 3 pounds of gold for
the suppression of each individual person. published at Carthage on the 3rd day before the Kalends of March.

post cons. auxoni et olybri. (380 febr.

after the consulate of Ausonius and Olybrius. (380 feb.

28).

CTh.10.20.10pr.

CTh.10.20.10pref.

Idem aaa. ad hesperium praefectum praetorio. edicimus, ne qua mulier spendidioris gradus monetarii adhaerens consortio decus nativae libertatis amittat.

The same Augusti to hesperius, Praetorian Prefect. We decree that no woman of more splendid rank, by adhering to the companionship of a moneyer, should lose the honor of her native
freedom.

quod si quam ab hac praeceptione statutum nostrae perennitatis abduxerit, ea secundum auctoritatem senatus consulti claudiani vel legitima admonita conventione discedat vel, si complexui monetarii putaverit inhaerendum, non ambigat se et liberis praeiudicaturam et eius condicioni esse nectendam. nihilo minus autem et eas, quae ante legem nostram monetariis videntur esse coniunctae, placuit praedicto titulo conveniri scientes, nisi interdicta coniunctione discesserint, mutasse se statum. (380

but if anyone shall have led any woman away from this precept of the statute of our Perpetuity, she, having been admonished according to the authority of the Claudian senatus consultum or by a lawful admonitory convening, should depart; or, if she shall have thought she must cling to the embrace of a moneyer, let her not doubt that she will prejudice herself and her children and be bound to his condition. nonetheless, it has also pleased that those who seem to have been joined to moneyers before our law be proceeded against under the aforesaid title, knowing that, unless they depart with the union interdicted, they have changed their status. (380

[379] mart. 14).

[379] March 14).

CTh.10.20.10.1

Theodosian Code 10.20.10.1

Si qua vero originaria seu colona possessionis alienae, ignaro domino seu sciente, monetario adsociabitur, ii conventi mox iuri agrorum debitas personas retrahere festinent vel de cetero sciant repetendi facultatem silentii sui coniventia perdidisse. (380

If indeed any originaria or colona of another’s holding, whether the master be unaware or aware, shall be associated with a mint‑worker, they, when convened, should hasten to draw back to the right of the estates the persons that are owed, or else henceforth know that by the connivance of their silence they have lost the faculty of claiming them back. (380

[379] mart. 14).

[379] March 14).

CTh.10.20.10.2

Sed ut monetario nullam necti volumus, ita et monetario patre susceptas prohibemus extraneis copulari. dat. prid.

But, just as we wish no woman to be bound to a moneyer, so also we forbid those born of a moneyer father to be coupled with outsiders. Given, the day before.

id. mart. aquileiae post consulatum auxoni et olybri. (380

on the Ides of March at Aquileia after
the consulship of Ausonius and Olybrius. (380

[379] mart. 14).

[379] March 14).

CTh.10.20.11

Theodosian Code 10.20.11

Idem aaa. trifolio comiti sacrarum largitionum. aeternam fiximus legem, ne umquam bastagariis militiam vel suam deserere liceat vel aliam subreptiva impetratione temptare.

The same august emperors, to Trifolius, Count of the Sacred Largesses. We have fixed an eternal law, that it may never be permitted for the bastagarii to desert either their own military service or to attempt to obtain another
by a surreptitious procuration.

et tribuni, qui scientes huiusmodi milites ad numerum receperint, per singulos bastagarios singulas auri libras fisco cogantur inferre. et super hoc dedimus litteras ad illustres magistros utriusque militiae. dat.

and the tribunes, who knowingly have received soldiers of this sort into the roll, shall be compelled to pay to the fisc, for each bastagarius, a single
pound of gold. And over and above this, we have issued letters to the Illustrious Masters of both military services. Given.

viiii kal. aug. heracleae richomere et clearcho conss.

on the 9th day before the Kalends of August, at Heraclea
richomer and clearchus, consuls.

(384 iul. 24).

(384 July 24).

CTh.10.20.12

Theodosian Code 10.20.12

Idem aaa. ad principium praefectum praetorio. si quis naviculam functioni muricis et legendis conchyliis deputatam ausus fuerit usurpare, duarum librarum auri illatione teneatur.

The same Augusti, to Principius, Praetorian Prefect. If anyone shall have dared to usurp a little boat deputed to the function of murex and for gathering conchylia (shellfish), let him be held to the exaction of 2 pounds of gold.

dat. vi kal. oct.

dated on the 6th day before the Kalends of October (September 26).

aquileiae arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 sept. 26).

at Aquileia, Arcadius, Augustus, for the first time, and Bauto, consuls. (385 sept. 26).

CTh.10.20.13

Imppp. arcadius, honorius et theodosius aaa. filometori comiti sacrarum largitionum.

the emperors arcadius, honorius and theodosius, augusti, to filometerius, count of the sacred largesses.

lotas in posterum sericoblattae ac metaxae huiusmodi species inferri praecipimus; viginti librarum auri condemnatione proposita his, qui scrinium canonum tractant, prioribus etiam eiusdem officii, si statua caelestia a quoquam passi fuerint temerari. dat. v kal.

We prescribe that henceforth such kinds of purple-silk and raw silk be brought in washed; with a condemnation of 20 pounds of gold set forth for those who handle the bureau of the canons, and also for the priors of the same office, if they shall have allowed the celestial statues to be profaned by anyone. Given 5 Kal.

iul. constantinopoli arcadio a. vi et probo conss. (406 iun.

Jul. at Constantinople, under Arcadius Augustus, consul for the 6th time, and Probus, consuls. (406 Jun.

27).

CTh.10.20.14

Theodosian Code 10.20.14

Imp. theodosius a. et valentinianus c. maximino comiti sacrarum largitionum. murileguli, qui relicto adque despecto propriae condicionis officio vetitis se infulis dignitatum et cingulis penitus denegatis munisse dicuntur, ad propriae artis et originis vincla revocentur.

Emperor Theodosius Augustus and Valentinian Caesar, to Maximinus, Count of the Sacred Largesses. The mousers, who, having left and despised the duty of their own condition,
are said to have equipped themselves with the forbidden infulae of dignities and with cingula wholly denied, shall be called back to the bonds of their own craft and origin.

ab illis autem, qui rebus eorum videntur inhiasse, quos in sua origine permanere et sollemnibus ministeriis inservire manifestum est, omnia, quaecumque constiterit ex quocumque titulo possessa, antiquis possessoribus restituantur. quod si alienigenae detentatores oneribus condicionis externae maluerint subiacere quam restituere facultates, et futura deinceps agnoscant munia sibi esse subeunda et de praeterito, si qua ipsis possidentibus reliqua colliguntur, a semet ipsis sciant sine aliqua excusatione solvenda. dat.

But from those who seem to have coveted their goods, although it is manifest that they remain in their own origin and serve the solemn ministries, let all things—whatever shall be established to have been possessed under whatever title—be restored to the former possessors. But if foreign detentators would rather be subject to the burdens of an external condition than restore the assets, let them both acknowledge that the munia for the future must thereafter be undergone by themselves, and that for the past, if any arrears are collected while they themselves are in possession, they must know them to be paid by themselves without any excuse. Given.

xvii kal. nov. constantinopoli victore cons.

October 16. At Constantinople. Victor, consul.

(424 oct. 16).

CTh.10.20.15

Idem a. et caes. maximino comiti sacrarum largitionum. ii, qui ex filiabus murilegulorum et alienae originis patribus sunt vel fuerint procreati, iura maternae condicionis agnoscant.

The same Augustus and Caesars, to Maximinus, Count of the Sacred Largesses.
Those who are or shall have been procreated from the daughters of mousers (rat‑catchers) and fathers of alien origin shall acknowledge the rights of the maternal condition.

dat. viiii kal. iun.

dated on the 9th day before the Kalends of June.

theodosio a. xi et valentiniano caes. conss. (425 mai.

under theodosius, augustus, for the 11th time, and valentinian, caesar, consuls (425 may.

24).

CTh.10.20.16

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. acacio comiti sacrarum largitionum. si quis ex corpore gynaeceariorum vel linteariorum sive linyfariorum monetariorumve aut murilegulorum vel aliorum similium ad divinas largitiones nexu sanguinis pertinentium voluerit posthac de suo collegio liberari, non quoscumque nec facile in locum proprium, freti dexterae triumphalis absolutione, substituant, sed eos, quos omnibus idoneos modis sub ipsis quodammodo amplissimae tuae sedis obtutibus adprobarint; ita tamen, ut is, qui ab huiusmodi condicione iuxta formam caelitus datam beneficio principali fuerit absolutus, universam generis sui prosapiam in functione memorati corporis permanentem cum omnibus eius qui absolvitur rebus obnoxiam largitionibus sacris futuram esse non dubitet.

The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian, Augusti, to Acacius, Count of the Sacred Largesses. If anyone from the body of the gynaecearii or of the linen-workers or flax-workers, or of the mint-workers, or of the murileguli (mouse-catchers), or of other similar persons pertaining to the Sacred Largesses by the bond of blood, should hereafter wish to be freed from his own college, let them not, relying on the absolution of the triumphal right hand, substitute just anyone, nor easily, into his proper place, but only those whom they have approved as suitable in every way, as it were under the very gaze of your most ample seat; provided, however, that he who shall have been absolved from such a condition, according to the form given from heaven by imperial benefice, should not doubt that his whole lineage, remaining in the function of the aforesaid body, together with all the goods of him who is absolved, will be liable to the Sacred Largesses.

dat. vii kal. mar.

dated February 23.

constantinopoli dd. nn. theodosio xii et valentiniano ii aa. conss. (426 febr. 23).

At Constantinople, our lords Theodosius (12) and Valentinian (2), the Augusti, consuls. (426 Feb. 23).

CTh.10.20.17

Idem aa. valerio comiti sacrarum largitionum. placet, si conchyliolegulorum filiae condicionis alienae nubserint viris, qui ex ipsis fuerint procreati ab eo tempore nexum maternae adscriptionis agnoscant, ex quo promulgatam super hoc cognoverint legem. de his vero, quos ante eam natos esse constiterit, huiusmodi forma servetur, ut, sive conchyliolegulorum seu adscriptorum progenies fuerit colonorum, paternam tantum condicionem sequantur.

The same emperors to Valerius, Count of the Sacred Largesses. It pleases that, if the daughters of the conchylio-gatherers shall have married men of alien condition, those who shall have been procreated from them recognize the bond of maternal adscription from the time when they learn that the law concerning this has been promulgated. But concerning those whom it shall have been established were born before it, let a form of this kind be observed: that, whether the progeny be of the conchylio-gatherers or of the adscripted coloni, they follow the paternal condition only.

si qui vero post legem aut patre conchyliolegulo geniti probabuntur aut matre, memoratae adscriptioni obnoxios se esse non ambigant. dat. x kal.

but if any, indeed, after the law, shall be proved to have been born either from a father conchylio-gatherer or from a mother, let them not doubt that they are obnoxious to the aforesaid
adscription. given on 10 Kalends.

april. constantinopoli hierio et ardabure conss. (427 mart.

April. At Constantinople, under the consuls Hierius and Ardabur. (427 March.

23).

CTh.10.20.18

Theodosian Code 10.20.18

Idem aa. apollonio comiti sacrarum largitionum. quoniam trecentas paene libras blattae sericae clandestina fucatione non sine laesae maiestatis crimine coloratas et adaeratum conchylii non minimum pondus patefactum est, quaestione prodente, quibus sollemniter artibus, quibus consciis ac ministris metaxa cum privata fiscalis aequaliter publico murice tinguebatur, purpurae nundinas, licet innumeris sint constitutionibus prohibitae, recenti quoque interminatione vetamus; et dispositione illustris memoriae synesii revocata, quae perperam infirmata est ab illustris memoriae anysio, a quo subreptum nobis est veritate celata, septimum de scrinio exceptorum, sextum de scrinio canonum, quintum de scrinio tabulariorum ad bafia foenices per certum tempus mitti praecipimus, ut fraus omnis eorum prohibeatur sollertia timentium, ne quaesitis multo sudore stipendiis careant: etiam viginti librarum auri condemnatione proposita. dat.

The same emperors to Apollonius, Count of the Sacred Largesses. Since it has been uncovered that nearly three hundred pounds of scarlet silk were colored by clandestine adulteration, not without the crime of lèse-majesté, and that a not small weight of purple-shell dye converted into money was disclosed, the investigation revealing by what solemn arts, with what accomplices and ministers, metaxa (raw silk), both private and of the fisc, was being dyed equally with the public murex, we forbid the markets for purple—though prohibited by innumerable constitutions—by a fresh menace as well; and with the disposition of Synesius of illustrious memory recalled, which had been wrongly weakened by Anysius of illustrious memory, by whom it was surreptitiously obtained from us with the truth concealed, we order that the seventh from the scrinium of the exceptores, the sixth from the scrinium of the canons, the fifth from the scrinium of the tabularii be sent to the Phoenices at the bafia (dye-vats) for a fixed time, so that all their fraud may be prevented by the diligence of those who fear to be deprived of stipends sought by much sweat: with also the condemnation of twenty pounds of gold set forth. Given.

viii id. mart. constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. (436 mart.

March 8, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Isidore and Senator (March 436.

8).

CTh.10.21.0. De vestibus holoveris et auratis.

CTh.10.21.0. On holover garments and gold-adorned ones.

CTh.10.21.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. archelao comiti sacrarum largitionum. auratas ac sericas paragaudas auro intextas tam viriles quam muliebres privatis usibus contexere conficereque prohibemus et in gynaeceis tantum nostris fieri praecipimus.

the emperors valentinian and valens, augusti, to archelaus, count of the sacred largesses. we forbid golden and seric paragauds woven with gold, both masculine and feminine, to be woven and manufactured for private uses, and we order that they be made only in our gynaecea.

dat. v non. iul.

dated on the 5th day before the Nones of July (July 3).

nevioduni; acc. xv kal. aug.

at Neviodunum;
received on the 15th day before the Kalends of August (July 18).

marcianopoli valentiniano nob. p. et victore conss. (369 iul.

at marcianopolis, when valentinian the most noble boy and victor were consuls (369 july

18).

CTh.10.21.2

Theodosian Code 10.21.2

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. floro praefecto praetorio.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, augusti. to florus, praetorian prefect.

nemo auratas habeat aut in tunicis aut in lineis paragaudas. non enim levi animadversione plectetur, quisquis vetito se et indebito non abdicarit indutu. dat.

Let no one have golden paragaudae either on tunics or on linen garments. For he shall not be punished with a light animadversion, whoever has not divested himself of the prohibited and undue attire. Given.

iii kal. april. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss.

March 30, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Antonius and
Syagrius.

(382 mart. 30).

(382 March 30).

CTh.10.21.3

Theodosian Code 10.21.3

Imp. theodosius a. maximino comiti sacrarum largitionum. temperent universi, qui cuiuscumque sunt sexus dignitatis artis professionis et generis, ab huiusmodi speciei possessione, quae soli principi eiusque domui dedicatur.

Emperor theodosius Augustus to maximinus, count of the sacred largesses. Let all refrain, whoever are of whatever sex, dignity, art, profession, and genus, from possession of a species of this sort, which is dedicated to the emperor alone and to his house.

nec pallia tunicasque domi quis serica contexat aut faciat, quae tincta conchylio nullius alterius permixtione subtexta sunt. proferantur ex aedibus tradanturque tunicae et pallia ex omni parte texturae cruore infecta conchylii. nulla stamina subtexantur tincta conchylio nec eiusdem infectionis arguto pectine solidanda fila decurrant.

nor let anyone at home weave together or make silk pallia and tunics that are dyed with conchylian purple, woven-in with no admixture of anything else. Let tunics and pallia be brought out from the house and handed over which, in every part of the fabric, are stained with the blood of the conchylian. Let no warps dyed with conchylian be interwoven, nor let threads of the same dyeing run along to be compacted by the keen comb.

reddenda aerario holovera vestimenta protinus offerantur. nec est, ut quisquam de abiurato pretio conqueratur, quia sufficit calcatae legis impunitas, nec vacet illi curare de quaestu, cui sua salus esse non debet in pretio. ne quis vero nunc huiusmodi suppressione in laqueos novae constitutionis incurrat; alioquin ad similitudinem laesae maiestatis periculum sustinebit.

Let holovera garments, to be returned to the Treasury, be offered at once.
Nor is there any cause for anyone to complain about the abjured price, since the impunity for the law trampled underfoot suffices, nor should it be his concern to look to profit, for whom his own safety ought not to be for a price.
And let no one now, by such suppression, run into the snares of the new constitution; otherwise he will sustain peril in the likeness of lèse‑majesté.

dat. xvii kal. feb.

given on the 17th day before the Kalends of February.

constantinopoli victore v. c. cons. (424 ian. 16).

At Constantinople, Victor, most distinguished man, consul. (424 Jan. 16).

CTh.10.22.0. De fabricensibus

CTh.10.22.0. On the fabricenses

CTh.10.22.1

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. tatiano comiti sacrarum largitionum.

the emperors valentinian, valens and gratian, augusti, to tatianus, count of the sacred largesses.

cum senae per tricenos dies ex aere tam aput antiochiam quam aput constantinopolim a singulis barbaricariis cassides, sed et bucculae tegerentur, octo vero aput antiochiam cassidas totidemque bucculas per dies triginta et tegerent argento et deaurarent, aput constantinopolim autem tres solas, statuimus, ut constantinopoli quoque non octonas singuli cassidas per tricenos dies, sed senas sic pari numero buccularum auro argentoque condecorent. dat. v id. mart.

Whereas six helmets for 30 days were being covered with bronze, both at Antioch and at Constantinople, by each barbaricarius, and the cheek-pieces as well; but at Antioch 8 helmets and as many cheek-pieces for 30 days were both covered with silver and gilded, while at Constantinople only 3; we have decreed that at Constantinople too they should adorn not 8 helmets each for 30 days, but 6, with an equal number of cheek-pieces, with gold and silver. Given on March 11.

antiochiae gratiano a. iii et equitio conss. (374 mart. 11).

at Antioch, in the consulship of Gratian Augustus (3) and Equitius. (374 March 11).

CTh.10.22.2

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. tatiano praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius, and arcadius, augusti, to tatianus, praetorian prefect.

omnibus fabricis non pecunias pro speciebus, sed ipsas species sine dilatione inferri, in perpetuum servanda hac forma praecipimus, ut venae nobilis et quae facile deducatur ignibus seu liquescat ferri materies praebeatur, quo promptius adempta fraudibus facultate commodo publico consulatur. dat. xv kal.

for all factories, we prescribe that not monies in place of goods, but the goods themselves
be delivered without delay, this form to be observed in perpetuity, so that material of iron of a noble vein, and which is easily reduced by fires or
melts, be supplied, whereby, with the opportunity for frauds removed, the public advantage may be more readily consulted. Given on the 15th day before the Kalends.

nov. theodosio a. ii et cynegio conss. (388 oct.

novella. under the consulship of theodosius augustus for the 2nd time and cynegius, consuls. (388 oct.

18).

CTh.10.22.3

Theodosian Code 10.22.3

Idem aaa. rufino magistro officiorum. primicerium fabricae post biennium non solum vacatione, verum etiam honore donari praecipimus, ita ut inter protectores adoraturus aeternitatem nostram suo quisque tempore dirigatur.

the same augusti. to rufinus, master of the offices. we order that the primicerius of the fabrica, after two years, be granted not only exemption, but also honor, in such a way that, among the protectores, to adore our eternity, he be directed at his proper time.

dat. viii id. mar. mediolano valentiniano a. iiii et neoterio conss.

dated the 8th day before the ides of march, at milan, valentinian augustus for the 4th time and
neoterius, consuls.

(390 mart. 8).

(390 Mar. 8).

CTh.10.22.4

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. hosio magistro officiorum. stigmata, hoc est nota publica, fabricensium brachiis ad imitationem tironum infligatur, ut hoc modo saltem possint latitantes agnosci: his, qui eos susceperint vel eorum liberos, sine dubio fabricae vindicandis, et qui subreptione quadam declinandi operis ad publicae cuiuslibet sacramenta militiae transierunt.

the emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to hosius, master of the offices. let stigmata, that is, a public mark, be inflicted upon the arms of the fabrica-workers (fabricenses) in imitation of tyros (recruits), so that at least in this way those lying hidden may be recognized: as for those who have received them or their children, they are without doubt to be vindicated to the fabrica, and those who, by a certain surreption, to decline the work, have passed over into the sacraments (oaths) of any public militia.

dat. xviii kal. ian.

Dated: the 18th day before the Kalends of January (December 15).

constantinopoli honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss. (398 dec. 15).

at constantinople, in the consulship of honorius, augustus, for the 4th time, and eutychianus, consuls. (398 dec. 15).

CTh.10.22.5

Theodosian Code 10.22.5

Idem aa. anthemio magistro officiorum. si quis posthac fabricensem admiserit procuratorem vel cultorem sui praedii detinuerit conductoremve susceperit, rei, quam contra vetitum fabricensi crediderit iniungendam, proprietate privetur, ea videlicet fiscalibus calculis socianda; ipse vero fabricensis, qui contraxerit legis offensam, multa duarum librarum auri feriatur. dat.

The same emperors to Anthemius, Master of the Offices. If anyone hereafter shall have admitted a fabricense as procurator or shall have detained the cultivator of his own estate or shall have taken on a conductor, let him be deprived of the ownership of the property which, contrary to the prohibition, he shall have entrusted to a fabricense, the same, namely, to be associated with the fiscal reckonings; but the fabricense himself who shall have contracted the offense of the law shall be struck with a fine of two pounds of gold. Given.

iii kal. aug. constantinopoli honorio a. vi et aristaeneto conss.

on the 3rd day before the kalends of august, at constantinople
in the consulship of honorius augustus for the 6th time and aristaenetus.

(404 iul. 30).

(404 July 30).

CTh.10.22.6

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. si quis consortium fabricensium crediderit eligendum, in ea urbe, qua natus est vel in qua domicilium collocavit, his quorum interest convocatis primitus acta conficiat, sese doceat non avo, non patre curiali progenitum, nihil ordini civitatis debere, nulli se civico muneri obnoxium, atque ita demum gestis confectis vel aput moderatorem provinciae vel si is absit aput defensorem civitatis ad militiam quam optaverit suscipiatur.

Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. If anyone shall have believed himself to be chosen into the consortium of the fabricenses, in that city where
he was born or in which he has established his domicile, with those whose interest it concerns having been convened, let him first have the acts drawn up; let him show himself born neither of a curial grandfather nor father,
that he owes nothing to the order of the city, that he is subject to no civic munus; and only then, the records having been completed either with the moderator
of the province, or, if he is absent, with the defender of the city, let him be admitted to the service which he has chosen.

quod si absque hac cautione quispiam ad fabricensium consortium obrepserit, sciat se ad ordinis cui debetur patriaeque suae munera esse revocandum, ita ut nulla eum nec temporis nec stipendiorum praerogativa defendat. dat. xv kal.

but if without this caution someone should slip into the consortium of the Fabricenses, let him know that he is to be called back to the order to which he is owed and to the civic duties of his fatherland, such that no prerogative of time nor of stipends will defend him. given on the 15th day before the Kalends.

iun. constantinopoli honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 mai.

jun. at constantinople honorius 9 and theodosius 5 augusti, consuls. (412 may.

18).

CTh.10.23.0. De classicis

CTh.10.23.0. On the navy

CTh.10.23.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. auxonio praefecto praetorio. classem seleucenam aliasque universas ad officium, quod magnitudini tuae obsequitur, volumus pertinere, ut classicorum numerus ex incensitis vel adcrescentibus compleatur et seleucena ad auxilium purgandi orontis aliasque necessitates orientis comiti deputetur.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Auxonius, Praetorian Prefect. We wish the Seleucene fleet and all the others to pertain to the officium that attends upon your Greatness, so that the number of the classici be completed from the unassessed or those being added, and that the Seleucene [fleet] be assigned to the Count of the East for the aid of cleansing the Orontes and for other necessities of the Orient.

data indictione xii. (a. 369/70 ...).

given in indiction 12. (A.D. 369/70 ...).

CTh.10.24.0. De his, qui cum dispensatore contraxerunt

CTh.10.24.0. On those, who have contracted with the dispensator

CTh.10.24.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad probum praefectum praetorio. si quis ab exactoribus tabulariis arcariis officiisve rationum vel alio, cui fiscalium thesaurorum tutela mandetur, fenebrem pecuniam sumpserit, detectus in eodem ad quadrupli poenam ex hac auctoritate teneatur.

The emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Probus, Praetorian Prefect. If anyone among the tax collectors, record-keepers, cashiers, or the offices of accounts, or any other person to whom the guardianship of the fiscal treasuries is entrusted, shall have taken usurious money, if detected in the same, let him be held liable, by this authority, to the penalty of fourfold.

dat. iiii id. mart. treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

given on march 12 at trier, valentinian and valens, augusti, consuls.

(368? 370? 373?

mart. 12).

March 12).

CTh.10.24.2

Codex Theodosianus 10.24.2

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. palladio comiti sacrarum largitionum.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, augusti, to palladius, count of the sacred largesses

sciant omnes neque dandi neque accipiendi mutuo ex largitionibus sacris auri patere cuiquam facultatem. quod si quis aurum ex nostro aerario privatis commodis profuturum occulte aut cautionis aut sponsionis fide ut debitor redditurus acceperit, ablatis bonis omnibus perpetuae deportationis subdetur exilio. is etiam, qui ex memoratis thesauris sub specie publici creditoris aurum cuiquam commodarit ac dederit, capitali sententia subiugetur.

Let all know that neither the faculty of giving nor of receiving by way of loan gold from the Sacred Largesses lies open to anyone. But if anyone shall have secretly received gold from our treasury, to be of use for private advantages, either on the faith of a caution or of a sponsion, undertaking to repay as a debtor, with all his goods taken away he shall be subjected to the exile of perpetual deportation. He also who from the aforesaid treasuries, under the guise of a public creditor, shall have lent and given gold to anyone, shall be subjected to a capital sentence.

dat. xii kal. aug.

Given on the 12th day before the Kalends of August.

heracleae eucherio et syagrio conss. (381 iul. 21).

at Heraclea, in the consulship of Eucherius and Syagrius (381 July 21).

CTh.10.24.3pr.

Theodosian Code 10.24.3, preface.

Idem aaa. palladio magistro officiorum. aurum, quod a provincialibus sine cunctatione persolvitur, nundinatione consumitur.

The same Augusti to palladius, master of the offices. the gold, which is paid in full by the provincials without delay, is consumed by market-dealing.

poenis itaque se ultimis, quicumque harum machinatores praedarum detegi prodique potuerint, se noverint subiugandos, nisi dimenso itineris spatio susceptum a provinciali officio aurum traditum sacris largitionibus nuntiarint. (381 nov. 30).

therefore let whoever can be uncovered and exposed as contrivers of these plunders know themselves to be subjected to the utmost penalties, unless, the distance of the journey measured, they report that the gold received by the provincial office has been delivered to the Sacred Largesses. (November 30, 381).

CTh.10.24.3.1

Codex Theodosianus 10.24.3.1

Insuper si decem ultra diebus aurum, quod percurso itinere potuerit inferri, detentum vel a prosecutoribus vel a palatinis fuerit deprehensum, binarum ex toto centesimarum illatiom se sentiant obligatos. proposita prid. kal.

Moreover, if, beyond ten days, the gold which, the journey having been traversed, could have been brought in, should be found detained either by the prosecutors or by the Palatine officials
to be apprehended, let them know themselves bound to two hundredths in total of the payment. posted the day before the Kalends.

decemb. beryto eucherio et syagrio conss. (381 nov.

December, at Berytus, in the consulship of Eucherius and Syagrius (381 Nov.

30).

CTh.10.25.0. De privilegiis domus augustae

CTh.10.25.0. On the privileges of the imperial house

CTh.10.25.1

Imppp. arcadius, honorius et theodosius aaa. anthemio praefecto praetorio.

the emperors arcadius, honorius and theodosius, the augusti, to anthemius, praetorian prefect.

ad omnem fraudem amputandam procuratores per singulas quasque provincias nobilissimarum puellarum filiarum mearum aput fidem gestorum praesentibus censualibus ac principalibus, quos huius inminutionis oneribus premi non dubium est, exponant numerum iugorum ad memoratarum domus pertinentium et pro eo tantum illustribus privilegiis ac debitis potiantur, ita ut ex veri fide brevibus praebitis et a rectoribus provinciae mox relatis, quae eos excusare debere conveniat, collatis rationibus cognoscant. dat. kal.

To amputate every fraud, let the procurators, through each and every province, of my most noble maiden-daughters, before the faith of the records, with the censual and principal officials present—whom it is not doubtful are pressed by the burdens of this diminution—set forth the number of iuga belonging to the house of the aforesaid; and only to that extent let them obtain illustrious privileges and dues, such that, with briefs of true faith supplied and soon reported by the rectors of the province, they may, the accounts having been collated, ascertain what it is agreed ought to excuse them. Given on the Kalends.

decemb. constantinopoli arcadio a. vi et probo v. c. conss. (406 dec.

dec., at constantinople, in the consulship of arcadius, augustus, for the 6th time, and of probus, a most distinguished man, consuls. (406 dec.

1).

CTh.10.26.0. De conductoribus et hominibus domus augustae

CTh.10.26.0. On the lessees and the men of the august house

CTh.10.26.1

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. basso praefecto praetorio. conductores hominesve augustissimae domus nostrae nullum cuiuslibet nomen militiae usurpent, nullius cingulo dignitatis utantur, ne ex hoc sibi erigendi supercilii fastus, sacro numini nostrae pietatis oriatur invidia.

The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian, Augusti, to Bassus, Praetorian Prefect. The conductores or men of our most august house shall usurp no name of any militia, shall use the belt (cingulum) of no dignity, lest from this there arise for themselves a haughtiness of upraised eyebrow, and ill will toward the sacred numen of our piety arise.

sed quotiens de causa ad domum regiam pertinente aliquid quaestionis emergit, non aliter quam ex legum ordine, quibus similiter omne hominum genus tenetur, vel excipiant vel inferant actionem, nec aliorum litigatorum negotio intercedant nec sententiam iudicantum aut illicito patrocinii sui fomite iura conturbent nullique exsecutionis suae turbulentum ministerium audeant commodare; non privatis se negotiis, non publicis misceant; nec quiescentem domum delatio ulla sollicitet, ne eos inconsultae pertinaciae sero paeniteat. dat. prid.

but as often as, concerning a cause pertaining to the regal house, any matter of question emerges, let them neither receive nor bring an action otherwise than from the order of the laws, by which similarly the whole genus of humankind is held; nor let them intercede in the business of other litigants nor, with the illicit fuel of their patronage, disturb rights or the sentence of judges, and let them dare to lend to no one the turbulent ministry of their execution; let them not mix themselves with private businesses, nor with public; nor let any denunciation solicit a house at rest, lest they repent too late of unadvised pertinacity. Given the day before.

non. mart. ravennae theodosio xii et valentiniano ii aa. conss.

on March 7 at Ravenna, in the consulship of Theodosius 12 and Valentinian 2, the Augusti, consuls.

(425 mart. 6).

(425 March 6).

CTh.10.26.2

Theodosian Code 10.26.2

Idem aa. ad senatum urbis romae. post alia. conductores domus nostrae ab omni militiae privilegio submovemus.

The same Augusti to the senate of the city of Rome. After other things: we remove the contractors of our household from every privilege of the militia.

vivant aequa sorte cum ceteris, nec umquam, si ratio poscat, examinis severitatem iudiciariam ullo cinguli frustrabuntur obiectu, sed potius pari disceptationis eventu in omnibus causis legibus serviant, quibus tenentur et principes. dat. iii non.

let them live with an equal lot with the rest,
and never, if reason should require, shall they frustrate the judicial severity of examination by any interposition of a belt, but rather, with an equal outcome of disputation,
in all cases let them be subject to the laws, by which even the princes are held. given on the 3rd day before the nones.

ian. romae dd. nn. theodosio xii et valentiniano ii aa. conss.

in january, at rome, our lords theodosius, consul for the 12th time, and valentinian, consul for the 2nd time, the augusti. consuls.