Cassiodorus: VARIARUM LIBRI XII

[1] Praefationis auxilium ex contrarietate plerumque nascitur, actionum, quando illud opitulatur scriptori, quod potuit impedire cogitanti. quae res etsi laudes adimit, clementer tamen veniam tractata concedit, quia quod constat otiosos debere, nemo potest occupatos exigere. quapropter administrator amplissimus si vacasse credatur, obprobrium est, cuius etiam secretum dicitur, quod tumultuosis actionibus verberatur.

[1] The assistance of a preface for the most part is born from the contrariety of actions, when that aids the writer which could have impeded the thinker. Which thing, although it takes away praises, nevertheless, being handled clemently, grants pardon, because what it is agreed the idle ought to render, no one can exact from the occupied. Wherefore, if the most ample administrator be believed to have had leisure, it is an opprobrium, whose very seclusion is said to be scourged by tumultuous actions.

sed vix nobis aliquid praestabit ad effectum ducta probatio, quando et occupati fuisse credimur et male scribere minime debuisse iudicamur.

but a proof led to its conclusion will scarcely afford us anything for the effect, since we are both believed to have been occupied and are judged to have been in no way bound to write badly.

[2] Nam multo satius est vitiosa tenebris occulere quam culpanda praesumpta inportunitate vulgare. verum hoc mihi obicere poterit otiosus, si verbum improvida celeritate proieci, si sensum de medio sumptum non ornaverim venustate sermonum, si praecepto veterum non reddiderim propria personarum: occupatus autem, qui rapitur diversitate causarum, cui iugiter incumbit responsum reddere et alteri expedienda dictare, non me addicere poterit, qui se in talibus periclitatum esse cognoscit.

[2] For it is much better to hide what is vicious in darkness than to vulgarize what is to be blamed by a presumed inopportuneness. Yet the idle man will be able to object this to me, if I have cast forth a word with improvident celerity, if I have not adorned a sense taken from the common stock with the venusty of discourse, if, according to the precept of the ancients, I have not rendered to persons what is proper to them: but the occupied man, who is snatched along by the diversity of causes, upon whom it incessantly lies to return an answer and to dictate to another things that must be expedited, will not be able to arraign me, who knows himself to have been endangered in such matters.

[3] Facile enim absolutor est alieni conscius sui: neque enim semper in illis valemus, quae interdum posse iudicamur. argutum inventum laetum fundit ingenium: tepentia dicta mens concipit occupata. aliquando acutum iugiter decet esse compositum, quia dicendi ars in nostra sita potestate cognoscitur, alacritas mentis divinis tantum muneribus applicatur.

[3] For one conscious of himself is an easy acquitter of another; for we do not always prevail in those things which we are sometimes judged able to do. A keen invention a glad genius pours forth; lukewarm sayings an occupied mind conceives. Sometimes sharpness ought to be continually kept composed, since the art of speaking is understood to be set in our power, while the alacrity of mind is ascribed only to divine gifts.

[4] Remanet itaque ad excusandum brevitas insperata librorum, quam nemo purgat diutius nisi qui bene creditur esse dicturus. sed ne quis forsitan possit offendi, quod in praetoriano culmine constitutus sic omnimodis actioso pauca dictaverim, accipiat viri prudentissimi Felicis praesumptione factum, cuius participatus sum in omni causa consilium.

[4] Therefore there remains, for excuse, the unexpected brevity of the books, which no one excuses at greater length except one who is believed to be about to speak well. But lest perhaps anyone can be offended that, set upon the Praetorian summit, I, in every way over-busy, have dictated only a few things, let him take it as done by the initiative of the most prudent man Felix, in whose counsel I have taken part in every cause.

[5] Etenim vir primum est morum sinceritate defaecatus, scientia iuris eximius, verborum proprietate distinctus, senilis iuvenis, altercator suavis, mensuratus eloquens: qui necessitates publicas eleganter implendo ad favorabilem opinionem suo potius labore perduxit. alioquin tantis causarum molibus oneratus aut impar esse potui aut forte arrogans inveniri. sed melius, quod eius fatigatione recreatus sic regalibus curis affui, ut non potuissem in arduis rebus deficiens approbari.

[5] For indeed the man is, first, clarified by the sincerity of his morals, preeminent in the science of law, distinguished by the propriety of words, a youthful elder, a suave debater, measured and eloquent: who, by elegantly fulfilling public necessities, brought himself into favorable esteem rather by his own labor. Otherwise, burdened with such masses of causes, I could either have been unequal to the burden or perhaps found arrogant. But better it was, that, refreshed by his exertion, I thus attended to regal cares, so that I could not be adjudged as failing in arduous matters.

[6] Duos itaque libellos dictationum mearum de praefecturae actione subiunxi, ut qui decem libris ore regio sum locutus, ex persona propria non haberer incognitus, quia nimis absurdum est in adepta dignitate conticescere, qui pro aliis videbamur plura dixisse.

[6] Therefore I have subjoined two little books of my dictations concerning the action of the prefecture, so that I, who in 10 books have spoken with a royal mouth, might not be held unknown in my own person; for it is too absurd to fall silent in an attained dignity, we who seemed to have said more on behalf of others.

[7] Sed postquam duodecim libris opusculum nostrum desiderato fine concluseram, de animae substantia vel de virtutibus eius amici me disserere coegerunt, ut per quam multa diximus, de ipsa quoque dicere videremur.

[7] But after I had concluded our little work with twelve books at the desired end, my friends compelled me to discourse about the soul’s substance and about its virtues also, so that, through that whereby we have said many things, we might be seen to speak about it itself as well.

[8] Modo parcite diserti, favete potius inchoantes: nam si nihil mereor eloquentiae munere, considerandus sum potius ex officiosissimo labore, qui tantis rei publicae necessitatibus occupatus sic vacare potui sub urentibus curis, si me gloriari contigisset fluminibus Tullianis. nam ipse quoque fons eloquentiae cum dicere peteretur, fertur excusasse se, quod pridie non legisset. quid iam aliis accidere poterit, si tanta laus facundiae auctorum visa est beneficia postulare?

[8] For now, spare me, you eloquent; rather, grant favor, you beginners: for if I merit nothing by the gift of eloquence, I ought rather to be considered on the basis of most dutiful labor—I, occupied with such great necessities of the commonwealth, have been able thus to find leisure amid searing cares, if only it had befallen me to boast in the Tullian streams. For the very fountain of eloquence too, when he was asked to speak, is reported to have excused himself, because he had not read the day before. What now can befall others, if so great a praise of the authors’ eloquence seemed to demand favors?

aegrescit profecto ingenium, nisi iugi lectione reparetur. cito expenduntur horrea, quae assidua non fuerint adiectione fulcita.

Genius assuredly falls ill, unless it be repaired by continual reading. Granaries are quickly expended, which have not been propped by assiduous addition.

[9] Thesaurus ipse quam facile profunditur, si nullis iterum pecuniis compleatur. sic humanus sensus, cum alieno non farcitur invento, cito potest attenuari de proprio. si quid autem in nobis redolet, studiorum flos est, quod nihilominus marcidum redditur, si a matre lectione carpatur.

[9] The treasury itself, how easily it is poured out, if it be not again replenished with monies. Thus human understanding, when it is not stuffed with another’s discovery, can quickly be attenuated of its own store. If, however, anything in us is redolent, it is the flower of studies, which nonetheless is rendered withered, if it be plucked from its mother, reading.

illic enim potest esse laetissimum, unde docetur et natum, quando omnia in origine sua plenissime vivunt, quae necdum a naturalibus sinibus auferuntur. proinde veniae magna pars est, si scribimus non vacantes, si legimur non legentes. sed iam removeamur ab excusationis voto, ne magis offendat nimis affectata defensio.

for there indeed it can be happiest, whence it is both taught and begotten, since all things live most fully in their origin, before they are taken away from their natural bosoms. Accordingly, a great share of indulgence is due, if we write not at leisure, if we are read by non-readers. But now let us withdraw from the wish for excuse, lest a defense too affected offend the more.

I. SENATUI URBIS ROMAE SENATOR PPO.

1. TO THE SENATE OF THE CITY OF ROME, SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Commendatis mihi, patres conscripti, provectum meum, si vobis intellego fuisse votivum: credo enim evenisse prosperrime quod tot felices constat optasse. desideria quippe vestra bonorum omnium probantur auspicia, quando nemo potest talium favore suscipi, nisi quem divinitas praecepit augeri. mutuamini ergo gratiam, ut exigatis obsequium.

[1] You commend to me, Conscript Fathers, my advancement, if I understand it to have been votive for you: for I believe that that has turned out most prosperously which it is agreed so many fortunate men have wished for. For indeed your desires are proven auspices of all good things, since no one can be received by the favor of such men, unless one whom divinity has prescribed to be augmented. Borrow therefore favor, that you may exact obedience.

natura rerum est amare collegam. laudes quin immo vestras extollitis, si honorem qui Senatori datus est erigatis.

It is the nature of things to love a colleague. Nay rather, you exalt your own praises, if you raise up the honor that has been given to the Senator.

[2] Sollicitudo patrum ad publicas me utilitates instanter impellat, ut vestro magis imputetur praeconio, cum tali meruero placere solacio. secunda mihi est cura vobis me commendare post principes, quia illud vos amare confidimus, quod et rerum dominos iubere sentimus: primum, ut hoc putemus utile quod honestum, ut nostros actus quasi pedisequa semper iustitia comitetur et quod a continenti principe non emimus, nulli turpiter venditemus.

[2] Let the solicitude of the Fathers urgently impel me toward public utilities, so that it may be more credited to your proclamation, when I shall have deserved to please by such a solace. My second care is to commend myself to you after the princes, because we trust that you love that which we also perceive the lords of affairs to command: first, that we think useful that which is honorable, that justice may always accompany our acts as a handmaid, and that what we have not bought from a continent prince, we may sell disgracefully to no one.

[3] Audistis, principes viri, quae rerum pondera praedicatus exceperim. supra vires exigitur, qui dignitatis culmina laudatur ingressus. haec non audemus falsa dicere, sed confitemur esse potiora: nam talia iudicia non invenerunt merita, sed fecerunt: neque enim nos inde iactamus, qui intellegimus dominos nostros humilia voluisse sustollere, ne videantur inmeritis tam ingentia praestitisse.

[3] You have heard, princes, what weights of affairs I, being proclaimed, have taken upon myself. Beyond one’s forces is exacted of him who is praised as having entered the summits of dignity. These things we do not dare to call false, but we confess them to be rather greater: for such judgments did not find merits, but made them: nor indeed do we on that account boast, we who understand that our lords wished to uplift lowly things, lest they seem to have bestowed things so immense upon the unmeriting.

rapiunt nos praedicandi temporis bona et velut longa ariditate sitientes ad haustum dulcissimi saporis invitant.

the boons of the time for preaching seize us and, as if thirsting from a long drought, invite us to a draught of the sweetest savor.

[4] O saeculi beata fortuna! sub principe feriato matris regnat affectio, per quam totum sic peragitur, ut generalis nos tegere caritas sentiatur. huic gloriosum praestat obsequium cui omnia serviunt et mirabili temperamento concordiae, antequam possit populos regere, suis iam coepit moribus imperare.

[4] O blessed fortune of the age! with the prince at leisure, the mother’s affection reigns, through which everything is thus carried through, so that a general charity is felt to cover us. to her a glorious obedience is rendered, to whom all things serve, and by a marvelous tempering of concord, before she can rule peoples, she has already begun to command by her own mores.

hoc est profecto difficillimum regnandi genus exercere iuvenem in suis sensibus principatum. rarum omnino bonum est dominum triumphare de moribus et hoc consequi in florida aetate, ad quod vix creditur cana modestia pervenire.

This is indeed the most difficult kind of reigning: for a young man to exercise a principate over his own senses. It is an exceedingly rare good for a lord to triumph over morals, and to achieve this in the flowering age—something which hoary modesty is scarcely believed to attain.

[5] Gaudeamus, patres conscripti, et supernae maiestati gratias supplici devotione referamus, quando nulla erit accessu temporis difficilis clementia nostro principi, qui in annis puerilibus didicit servire pietati. sed hoc miraculum utriusque moribus demus: nam tantus est genius maternus, cui etiam iure princeps servire debuisset extraneus.

[5] Let us rejoice, Conscript Fathers, and render thanks to the supernal majesty with suppliant devotion, since with the accession of time no act of clemency will be difficult for our prince, who in boyish years learned to serve pietas. But let us attribute this miracle to the character of both: for so great is the maternal genius, to which even by right a foreign prince would have owed service.

[6] Hanc enim dignissime omnia regna venerantur, quam videre reverentia est, loquentem audire miraculum. qua enim lingua non probatur esse doctissima? Atticae facundiae claritate diserta est: Romani eloquii pompa resplendet: nativi sermonis ubertate gloriatur: excellit cunctos in propriis, cum sit aequaliter ubique mirabilis.

[6] For her, indeed, all kingdoms most worthily venerate; to see her is reverence, to hear her speaking is a miracle. In what tongue is she not approved to be most learned? With the clarity of Attic facundity she is eloquent; the pomp of Roman eloquence is resplendent; she glories in the abundance of her native speech; she excels all in their own domains, since she is equally marvelous everywhere.

nam si vernaculam linguam bene nosse prudentis est, quid de tali sapientia poterit aestimari, quae tot genera eloquii inoffensa exercitatione custodit?

for if to know the vernacular tongue well is a mark of the prudent, what can be estimated of such sapience, which preserves so many kinds of eloquence with unoffending exercise?

[7] Hinc venit diversis nationibus necessarium magnumque praesidium, quod apud aures prudentissimae dominae nullus eget interprete. non enim aut legatus moram aut interpellans aliquam sustinet de mediatoris tarditate iacturam, quando uterque et genuinis verbis auditur et patriotica responsione componitur. iungitur his rebus quasi diadema eximium inpretiabilis notitia litterarum, per quam, dum veterum prudentia discitur, regalis dignitas semper augetur.

[7] From this there comes, for diverse nations, a necessary and great protection: that before the ears of a most prudent lady no one needs an interpreter. For neither does an envoy suffer delay, nor does a petitioner sustain any loss from the mediator’s slowness, since each is both heard with genuine words and is set right by a patriotic response. To these things there is joined, as a distinguished diadem, the invaluable knowledge of letters, through which, while the prudence of the ancients is learned, royal dignity is always increased.

[8] Sed cum tanta gaudeat perfectione linguarum, in actu publico sic tacita est, ut credatur otiosa. paucis litigia nodosa dissolvit: bella ferventia sub quiete disponit, silentiose geritur publicum bonum. non audis praedici quod palam videtur assumi et temperamento mirabili dissimulando peragit quod adcelerandum esse cognoscit.

[8] But though she rejoices in so great a perfection of tongues, in public action she is so tacit that she is believed otiose. With few words she loosens knotty litigations: she disposes fervent wars under quiet; the public good is conducted silently. You do not hear proclaimed what seems to be undertaken openly, and with a marvelous moderation, by dissimulation she carries through what she recognizes must be accelerated.

[9] Quid tale antiquitas honora promeruit? Placidiam mundi opinione celebratam, aliquorum principum prosapia gloriosam purpurato filio studuisse percepimus, cuius dum remisse administrat imperium, indecenter cognoscitur imminutum. nurum denique sibi amissione Illyrici comparavit factaque est coniunctio regnantis divisio dolenda provinciis.

[9] What of such a kind has antiquity deserved in honors? We have perceived that Placidia—celebrated by the world’s opinion, glorious by the lineage of certain princes—was zealous for her purple-clad son, and while she administers the imperium slackly on his behalf, it is recognized to have been unbecomingly diminished. Finally, she procured for herself a daughter-in-law at the price of the loss of Illyricum, and the union of the ruler became, for the provinces, a division to be lamented.

militem quoque nimia quiete dissolvit. pertulit a matre protectus quod vix pati potuit destitutus.

He also dissolved the soldiery by excessive quiet. Protected by his mother, he bore what he could scarcely suffer when destitute.

[10] Sub hac autem domina, quae tot reges habuit quot parentes, iuvante deo, noster exercitus terret externos: qui provida dispositione libratus nec assiduis bellis adteritur nec iterum longa pace mollitur. in ipsis quoque primordiis, quando semper novitas incerta temptatur, contra Orientis principis votum Romanum fecit esse Danuvium.

[10] Under this lady, who had as many kings as she had parents, with God aiding, our army terrifies foreigners: which, poised by provident disposition, is neither worn down by continual wars nor again softened by long peace. Even in the very beginnings, when novelty is always tested by uncertainties, against the wish of the prince of the East it made the Danube to be Roman.

[11] Notum est quae pertulerint invasores: quae ideo praetermittenda diiudico, ne genius socialis principis verecundiam sustineat perditoris. quid enim de nostris partibus senserit, hinc datur intellegi, quando pacem contulit laesus, quam aliis concedere noluit exoratus. additur quod tantis nos legationibus tam raro requisitus ornavit et singularis illa potentia, ut Italicos dominos erigeret, reverentiam Eoi culminis inclinavit.

[11] It is known what the invaders have endured: which therefore I judge should be passed over, lest the genius of a friendly prince have to bear the shame of the destroyer. For what he thought of our side is given to be understood from this, since, though wronged, he bestowed peace, which, though entreated, he was unwilling to grant to others. It is added that, though so rarely petitioned, he adorned us with embassies of such weight, and that singular potency, in order to raise up Italian lords, inclined the reverence of the Eastern pinnacle.

[12] Franci etiam, tot barbarorum victoriis praepotentes, quam ingenti expeditione turbati sunt? lacessiti metuerunt cum nostris inire certamen qui praecipiti saltu proelia semper gentibus intulerunt. sed quamvis superba natio declinaverit conflictum, vitare tamen proprii regis nequivit interitum.

[12] The Franks too, prepotent by so many victories over barbarians, by how enormous an expedition were they thrown into turmoil? Provoked, they feared to enter a contest with our men—they who with headlong leap have always brought battles to nations. But although the proud nation declined the conflict, nevertheless it could not avoid the destruction of its own king.

nam Theodericus ille diu potenti nomine gloriatus in triumphum principum nostrorum langoris potius pugna superatus occubuit: ordinatione credo divina, ne nos aut affinium bella polluerent aut iuste productus exercitus vindictam aliquam non haberet. macte procinctus Gothorum omni felicitate iucundior, qui hostem regalem capite caedis et nobis nec unius ultimi fata subducis.

for that Theoderic, long glorying in a potent name, fell, overcome by languor rather than by battle, to the triumph of our princes: by an ordination, I believe, divine, lest either the wars of affines should pollute us, or the army, justly led forth, should be without some vengeance. hail, battle-line of the Goths, more gladsome with every felicity, you who strike down the royal enemy by the head’s slaughter, and for us you do not subject us to the doom of even a single of the lowliest.

[13] Burgundio quin etiam ut sua reciperet, devotus effectus est, reddens se totus, dum accepisset exiguum. elegit quippe integer oboedire quam imminutus obsistere: tutius tunc defendit regnum, quando arma deposuit. recuperavit enim prece quod amisit in acie.

[13] The Burgundian, moreover, in order to recover what was his own, became devoted, giving himself up wholly, provided that he might receive a small portion. Indeed, intact he chose to obey rather than, diminished, to resist: he then defended the kingdom more safely when he laid down arms. For he recovered by prayer what he had lost in the battle-line.

beatam te, domina, laude multiplici, cui divino beneficio necessitas tollitur cuncta certaminis, quando adversos rei publicae aut caelesti felicitate vincis aut tuis imperiis spontanea largitate coniungis.

Blessed are you, lady, with multiple praise, for whom, by divine beneficence, the necessity of all struggle is removed, since you either conquer the adversaries of the commonwealth by celestial felicity, or you join them to your commands by spontaneous largesse.

[14] Exultate, Gothi pariter ac Romani: dignum miraculum, quod omnes loquantur. ecce praestante deo felix domina quod habet eximium uterque sexus, implevit: nam et gloriosum regem nobis edidit et latissimum imperium animi fortitudine vindicavit.

[14] Exult, Goths and Romans alike: a worthy miracle, that all may speak of. behold, with God providing, the happy lady has fulfilled that which is exceptional in each sex: for she has both brought forth for us a glorious king and has vindicated a very broad empire by the fortitude of mind.

[15] Haec quantum ad arma pertinent, utcumque referuntur: nam si pietatis eius atria velimus intrare, vix nobis poterunt centum linguae centumque ora sufficere: cui par est quidem aequitas et voluntas, sed maior benignitas quam potestas. dicamus igitur parva de magnis, pauca de plurimis. scitis quanta bona nostro ordini caelesti benignitate largita est: nihil est dubium, ubi est testis senatus.

[15] These things, so far as they pertain to arms, are reported however: for if we should wish to enter the atria of her piety, scarcely could a hundred tongues and a hundred mouths suffice for us: in whom equity and will are indeed equal, but benignity is greater than power. Let us, therefore, say small things about great, a few about very many. You know how great goods she has bestowed upon our order by heavenly benignity: nothing is doubtful, where the senate is witness.

afflictos statu meliore restituit, illaesos sublimavit honoribus et singillatim bona tribuit, quos sub universali munimine custodivit.

she restored the afflicted to a better state, raised the unharmed to honors, and individually bestowed goods, upon those whom she kept under a universal muniment.

[16] Ea quae asserimus iam creverunt. respicite namque patricium Liberium praefectum etiam Galliarum, exercitualem virum, communione gratissimum, meritis clarum, forma conspicuum, sed vulneribus pulchriorem, laborum suorum munera consecutum, ut nec praefecturam, quam bene gessit, amitteret et eximium virum honor geminatus ornaret: confessus meritum, cui solus non sufficit ad praemium. accepit enim et praesentaneam dignitatem, ne de re publica bene meritus diu absens putaretur ingratus.

[16] The things which we assert have already grown. Look, namely, upon the patrician Liberius, also Prefect of the Gauls, a man of the army, most pleasing in communion, renowned for merits, conspicuous in form, but more beautiful by his wounds—who has obtained the rewards of his labors, to wit, that he should not lose the prefecture which he conducted well, and that a doubled honor should adorn an exceptional man: acknowledging a merit for which a single [honor] did not suffice as a reward. For he also received an immediate dignity, lest a man who had deserved well of the commonwealth, long absent, be thought ungrateful.

[17] O admiranda benivolentia dominorum, quae in tantum extulit praedictum virum, ut donatis fascibus et patrimonium iudicaret addendum: quod sic ab universis gratanter exceptum est, ut in munere eius cuncti se potius crederent esse ditatos, quando quicquid digno ceditur, hoc multis sine dubio collatum esse sentitur. quid ergo de animi firmitate loquar, quae vicit et philosophos valde praedicatos? procedit enim ex ore dominae beneficus sermo et manens sub securitate promissio.

[17] O admirable benevolence of the lords, which has exalted the aforesaid man to such a degree that, the fasces having been bestowed, it judged that even a patrimony should be added: which was thus gratefully welcomed by all, that in his gift all rather believed themselves to have been enriched, since whatever is ceded to one worthy is felt without doubt to have been conferred upon many. What, then, shall I say of firmness of mind, which has overcome even philosophers highly proclaimed? For from the lady’s mouth there proceeds a beneficent discourse and a promise abiding under security.

[18] Non sunt nobis, patres conscripti, minus probata quae loquimur: verus testis est, qui laudat expertus. cognovistis enim quae contra me vota conflixerunt: non aurum, non magnae valuere preces: temptata sunt universa, ut probaretur sapientissimae dominae gloriosa constantia.

[18] The things we speak are no less proven to us, Conscript Fathers: a true witness is he who, having experienced it, praises. For you have learned what vows clashed against me: not gold, not great prayers prevailed: everything was tried, so that the glorious constancy of the most wise lady might be proved.

[19] Ordo flagitat dictionis Augustarum veterum pompam moderna comparatione excutere. sed quemadmodum illi sufficere poterunt exempla feminea, cui virorum laus cedit universa? hanc si parentum cohors illa regalis aspiceret, tamquam in speculum purissimum sua praeconia mox videret.

[19] The order of diction demands to shake off the pomp of the ancient Augustae by a modern comparison. But how will feminine exemplars be able to suffice for her, to whom the whole praise of men yields? If that royal cohort of ancestors were to look upon her, it would straightway see its own encomia as in a most pure mirror.

enituit enim Hamalus felicitate, Ostrogotha patientia, Athala mansuetudine, VVinitarius aequitate, Unimundus forma, Thorismuth castitate, VValamer fide, Theudimer pietate, sapientia, ut iam vidistis, inclitus pater. cognoscerent hic profecto universi singillatim propria, sed feliciter faterentur esse superata, quando unius praeconium cum turba se iure non potest aequare virtutum.

for Hamalus shone forth in felicity, Ostrogotha in patience, Athala in mansuetude, VVinitarius in equity, Unimundus in form, Thorismuth in chastity, VValamer in faith, Theudimer in piety; in wisdom, as you have already seen, an illustrious father. here indeed would all severally recognize their own qualities, but would happily confess them to have been surpassed, since the encomium of one cannot in justice be equaled by a crowd of virtues.

[20] Aestimate quale eis esset de tali herede gaudium, quae merita potuit transire cunctorum. quaeratis forsitan sequestratim principis bona: abunde praedicat subolem, qui eius laudat auctorem. deinde retinetis facundissimi Symmachi eximium dictum: 'specto feliciter virtutis eius augmenta, qui differo laudare principia'. subvenite, patres conscripti, et agendo pro me communibus dominis gratias debitum meum vestra satisfactione persolvite: nam sicut unus satiare non valet omnium vota, ita multi unius possunt complere disposita.

[20] Estimate what joy it was for them from such an heir, who was able to overpass the merits of all. Perhaps you ask separately the goods of the prince: he who praises the author abundantly proclaims the offspring. Then you retain the choice saying of the most eloquent Symmachus: 'I happily behold the augmentations of his virtue, who defer to praise the beginnings.' Come to my aid, Conscript Fathers, and by doing thanks on my behalf to our common lords, discharge my debt by your satisfaction: for just as one cannot sate the wishes of all, so many can complete the dispositions of one.

II. IOHANNI PAPAE SENATOR PPO.

2. TO JOHN THE POPE, SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Supplicandum vobis est, beatissime pater, ut laetitiam quam per vos deo largiente percepimus, custodiri nobis vestris orationibus sentiamus. quis enim dubitet prosperitatem nostram vestris meritis applicandam, quando honorem adipiscimur, qui a domino diligi non meremur, et permutatione officii bona recipimus, dum talia non agamus? ecclesiasticis siquidem ieiuniis fames est exclusa popularis: decoris lacrimis tristitia foeda discessit et per sanctos viros acceleratum est, ne traheret diutius quod gravabat.

[1] We must supplicate you, most blessed father, that the joy which, God being generous, we have received through you, we may feel to be kept for us by your prayers. For who would doubt that our prosperity is to be applied to your merits, since we acquire honor, we who do not deserve to be loved by the Lord, and by a permutation of office we receive good things, while we do not do such deeds? Indeed by ecclesiastical fasts the popular famine has been excluded: by decorous tears foul sadness departed, and through holy men it was accelerated, lest that which burdened should drag on any longer.

[2] Et ideo salutans officiositate, qua dignum est, precor ut vivacius oretis pro salute regnantium, quatenus eorum vitam caelestis princeps faciat esse longaevam, Romanae rei publicae hostes imminuat, tempora tranquilla concedat: deinde, quod ornat pacem, necessariam nobis copiam de abundantiae suae horreis largiatur: mihique filio vestro intellegentiae sensus aperiat, ut quae vere sunt utilia, sequar, quae vitanda, refugiam.

[2] And therefore, greeting with the dutiful officiousness which is fitting, I pray that you would pray more vigorously for the safety of those reigning, to the end that the heavenly prince may make their life long-lived, may diminish the enemies of the Roman commonwealth, may grant tranquil times: then, what adorns peace, may he bestow upon us the necessary supply from the granaries of his abundance: and for me, your son, may he open the senses of understanding, so that I may follow the things which are truly useful, and may shun the things which are to be avoided.

[3] Vigor ille rationabilis animae nobis consilium praestet: facies veritatis albescat, ne mentem nostram innubilet caligo corporea: sequamur quod intus est, ne foris a nobis simus: instruat quod de vera sapientia sapit: illuminet quod caelesti claritate resplendet. talem denique iudicem publicus actus excipiat, qualem filium catholica mittit ecclesia. in suis nos etiam muneribus virtus sancta custodiat, quia graviores insidias antiqui adversarii tunc subimus, quando eius dona suscipimus.

[3] May that rational vigor of the soul furnish us counsel: may the face of truth grow bright, lest corporeal gloom cloud our mind: let us follow what is within, lest we be outside ourselves: let that instruct which savors of true wisdom: let that illumine which shines with celestial brightness. Finally, may the public business receive such a judge as the Catholic Church sends forth as a son. May holy virtue also guard us in our own offices, because we undergo more grievous ambushes of the ancient adversary then, when we receive his gifts.

[4] Nolite in me tantum reicere civitatis illius curam, quae potius vestra laude secura est. vos enim speculatores Christiano populo praesidetis: vos patris nomine universa diligitis. securitas ergo plebis ad vestram respicit famam, cui divinitus est commissa custodia.

[4] Do not cast upon me alone the care of that city, which rather is made secure by your praise. For you, as watchmen, preside over the Christian people: you, under the name of father, love all universally. Therefore the security of the plebs looks to your reputation, to whom the guardianship has been divinely committed.

quapropter nos decet cogitare aliqua, sed vos omnia. pascitis quidem spiritaliter commissum vobis gregem: tamen nec ista potestis neglegere, quae corporis videntur substantiam continere. nam sicut homo constat ex dualitate, ita boni patris est utraque refovere.

Wherefore it befits us to consider some things, but you, all things. You indeed spiritually feed the flock entrusted to you; nevertheless you cannot neglect those things which seem to contain the substance of the body. For just as man consists of a duality, so it belongs to a good father to foster both.

primum penuriam temporis, quam delicta promerentur, orationibus sanctis amovere. si quid tamen, quod absit, acciderit, tunc bene necessitas excluditur, quando contra eam sub ubertate tractatur.

first, to remove by holy prayers the penury of time which the delicts would merit. if, however—God forbid—anything should happen, then necessity is well excluded, when it is dealt with against it under abundance.

[5] Monete me quae sunt gerenda sollicite. bene agere vel correptus exopto, quia difficilius errat ovis, quae voces desiderat audire pastoris nec facile efficitur vitiosus, cui ammonitor insistit assiduus. sum quidem iudex Palatinus, sed vester non desinam esse discipulus: nam tunc ista recte gerimus, si a vestris regulis minime discedamus.

[5] Admonish me solicitously about the things that must be carried out. I earnestly desire to do well, or, if corrected, so to do; because the sheep goes astray with greater difficulty which desires to hear the shepherd’s voices, and he is not easily made vicious for whom a monitor stands by assiduously. I am indeed a Palatine judge, but I shall not cease to be your disciple: for then we conduct these matters rightly, if we do not at all depart from your rules.

sed cum me a vobis desiderem et moneri consiliis et orationibus adiuvari, iam vobis est applicandum, si quid in me fuerit aliter quam optabatur inventum.

but since I desire to be missed by you and to be admonished by counsels and assisted by prayers, now it is to be laid to your account, if anything in me shall have been found otherwise than was wished.

[6] Sedes illa toto orbe mirabilis proprios tegat affectione cultores, quae licet generalis mundo sit praestita, nobis etiam cognoscitur et localiter attributa. tenemus aliquid sanctorum apostolorum proprium, si peccatis dividentibus non reddatur alienum, quando confessiones illas, quas videre universitas appetit, Roma felicior in suis sinibus habere promeruit.

[6] May that See, wondrous through the whole world, shelter with affection its own cultors, which, although bestowed as general to the world, is also recognized as locally attributed to us. we hold something proper to the holy apostles, if by sins that divide it be not rendered alien, since happier Rome has deserved to have within her own bosom those confessions which the whole universe longs to behold.

[7] Nihil ergo timemus talibus patronis, si oratio non desistat antistitis. arduum est quidem multorum desideriis satisfacere, sed novit divinitas magna praestare. ipsa retundat invidos: ipsa nobis faciat cives caelesti aspiratione gratissimos et supplicationibus vestris tempora tribuat, quibus superna gratia praedicetur indulta.

[7] Therefore we fear nothing with such patrons, if the prayer of the prelate does not cease. arduous indeed it is to satisfy the desires of many, but divinity knows how to bestow great things. may she herself blunt the envious: may she herself make for us citizens most pleasing by celestial aspiration, and by your supplications grant times in which the supernal grace bestowed may be proclaimed.

III. DIVERSIS EPISCOPIS SENATOR PPO.

3. TO VARIOUS BISHOPS, SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Corporalium patrum naturalis mos est de filiorum provectione gaudere, dum eorum institutionibus applicatur quicquid laudis in clara prole conceditur. vos autem spiritales parentes, qui auctorem rerum illuminata mente conspicitis, pro me sanctae trinitati sedulo subplicate, ut splendere laetum faciat in medio positum candelabrum, quatenus nec mihi interior desit visus et de me aliis pandatur aspectus.

[1] It is the natural custom of corporal fathers to rejoice at the advancement of their sons, since whatever of praise is conceded in illustrious offspring is attributed to their instruction. You, however, spiritual parents, who behold the Author of things with an illuminated mind, diligently supplicate the Holy Trinity for me, that it may cause the lampstand set in the midst to shine joyously, so that inner sight may not be lacking to me, and from me a view may be laid open to others.

[2] Numquid proderit iudicem aliis esse perspicuum, si sibi potius reddatur obscurus? dignitatem conscientiae donet, qui tribunalia praestare dignatus est. faciat inoffensum iudicem, ne damnet errantem.

[2] Will it profit that a judge be perspicuous to others, if he is rather rendered obscure to himself? May He who has deigned to furnish tribunals grant the dignity of conscience. May He make the judge blameless, lest he condemn the erring.

sit nobis prosperrime praesens, ut infausta vitia reddantur absentia. amorem suum tribuat, ut peccandi ambitum miseratus excludat.

May he be most propitiously present to us, that ill-omened vices may be rendered absent. May he bestow his love, that, in pity, he may shut out the ambit of sinning.

[3] Quapropter, animae veri parentes, affectuosa et probabili petitione vos deprecor, ut indicto ieiunio domino supplicetis, qui vitam principum nostrorum florenti regno protendat, hostes rei publicae defensor imminuat, donet quieta tempora et ad laudem sui nominis copiosa faciatque rerum omnium tranquillitate, ut me vobis reddere dignetur amabilem.

[3] Wherefore, true parents of the soul, with an affectionate and credible petition I beseech you to supplicate the Lord with a proclaimed fast, that he may extend the life of our princes for a flourishing kingdom, that the defender may diminish the enemies of the republic, grant quiet times and make them copious to the praise of his name by the tranquility of all things, so that he may deign to render me lovable to you.

[4] Sed quo facilius vestra quoque exaudiatur oratio, estote circa eos quos destinamus attenti. quod nescimus, nobis non debet imputari. actus eorum testimonia vestra prosequantur, ut aut laudatus gratiam aut accusatus apud nos invenire possit offensam.

[4] But so that your prayer also may be more easily heard, be attentive concerning those whom we designate. What we do not know ought not to be imputed to us. Let your testimonies follow their acts, so that either, if praised, he may be able to find grace, or, if accused, he may be able to find with us offense.

neque enim nobis imputare poterunt, si delinquunt, quando non iubentur male dare, ut perperam cogantur accipere.

nor indeed will they be able to impute it to us, if they do wrong, since they are not being ordered to give badly, so that they are compelled to receive amiss.

[5] Orfanis viduisque contra saevos impetus deo placita praestate solacia, ita tamen, ne, quod accidit per nimiam pietatem, dum miseris subvenire quaeritis, locum legibus auferatis. nam si aliquid offendit forte districtum, talia date cunctis monita, ut iura possitis reddere feriata. excludite, sanctissimi, inter immundos spiritus implacabiles vitiorum furores, violentiam temperate, avaritiam depellite, furta removete, depopulatricem humani generis luxuriem a vestro populo segregate.

[5] To orphans and widows, against savage assaults, provide God-pleasing solaces; yet in such a way that you do not, which happens through excessive piety, while you seek to succor the wretched, deprive the laws of their place. For if anything perhaps, in its strictness, offends, give such admonitions to all, that you may be able to render the laws on holiday. Shut out, most holy ones, from among unclean spirits the implacable furors of vices; temper violence, drive away avarice, remove thefts, segregate from your people luxury—the depopulator of the human race.

sic auctorem iniquitatis efficaciter vincitis, si eius persuasiones de humanis cordibus auferatis.

thus you efficaciously vanquish the author of iniquity, if you take away his persuasions from human hearts.

[6] Episcopus doceat, ne iudex possit invenire quod puniat. administratio vobis innocentiae data est. nam si praedicatio vestra non desinat, necesse est ut poenalis actio conquiescat.

[6] Let the bishop teach, lest the judge be able to find something to punish. administration of innocence has been given to you. for if your preaching does not cease, it is necessary that the penal action come to rest.

et ideo dignitatem meam in omni vobis parte commendo, quatenus actus nostri sanctorum orationibus adiuventur, qui minus in humana potestate praesumimus.

and therefore I commend my dignity to you in every part, so that our acts may be aided by the prayers of the saints, we who presume less upon human power.

[7] Familiariter etiam mihi suadete quod iustum est. non sum callidus abiurator: quod generaliter debeo, incoactus exolvo. dependo etiam sanctitati vestrae honorificae salutationis officium textumque epistulae affectuoso fine concludo, ut in mentem vestram dulciora remaneant, quia bene sibi animus posteriora commendat.

[7] Also advise me familiarly what is just. I am not a shrewd abjurer: what I generally owe, uncoerced I discharge. I also pay to your sanctity the office of an honorific salutation, and I conclude the text of the letter with an affectionate ending, so that sweeter things may remain in your mind, because the mind well commends the latter things to itself.

IIII. AMBROSIO V. I. AGENTI VICES SENATOR PPO.

4. SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT, TO AMBROSIUS, AN ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, ACTING IN PLACE.

[1] Secure vobis, deo iuvante opinionem nostram credimus, cuius conscientiam per causarum varios usus longa aetate probavimus. nam si in advocationis studio iustitiae claritate fulsistis, quid nunc provecti ad consilia nostra facietis? crescit enim in illo meritum, cui maius datur officium, quando iam habendus est in iudicum partem, qui meruit aulicis potestatibus assidere.

[1] Confidently, with God aiding, we entrust to you our opinion, whose conscience we have proved through the various uses of cases over a long age. For if in the zeal of advocacy you have shone with the brightness of justice, what will you now do, advanced to our counsels? For merit grows in him to whom a greater office is given, since he who has deserved to sit beside the aulic powers is now to be held in the company of the judges.

ornentur ergo subsellia cuius ore fora tonuerunt. absens adhaere nostro lateri pleniorem laudem inde sumpturus, quia integrum tibi reputabitur quod bene ordinaveris solus. hanc coram positus mecum curam participareris et gloriam: nunc autem tibi tantum cogimur debere, quicquid inde praestante deo laudis potuerimus accipere.

let, then, the benches be adorned for him at whose mouth the fora thundered. though absent, adhere to our side, about to draw from there fuller praise, since it will be reckoned entire to you what you shall have well ordered by yourself alone. present, you would share with me this care and glory: now, however, we are compelled to owe to you alone whatever praise we shall have been able to receive from it, with God bestowing.

[2] Quapropter officium tibi observare censemus, quod nostris iussionibus obsecundat, praeceptis etiam tuis pro publicis utilitatibus iustissime designatis praecipimus oboediri, quatinus et tibi sit pro publica utilitate mittendi fiducia et nullus de contemnendi sumat audaciam. si quos etiam fideiussoribus committere necessarium aestimaveris, confidenter assume, quia illud magis relevare potest animum nostrum, si aliquid per vos cognoscamus impletum. praesenti enim sola verba praestares: nunc autem facta potius debentur absenti.

[2] Wherefore we judge to observe for you the office, which is obsequious to our injunctions; we also command that your precepts, most justly designated for public utilities, be obeyed, so that you too may have confidence, for public utility, in sending, and that no one may assume the audacity of contemning. If you shall have deemed it necessary to commit any even to sureties, assume it confidently, because that can the more relieve our mind, if we come to know something accomplished through you. For to one present you would furnish words alone: but now deeds rather are owed to one absent.

[3] Consilium quippe tantae sedis ingens est procul dubio fama meritorum: sed considera quid exigatur cui tale nomen imponitur. labor vester procuret mihi omnium quietem. scitis quae turpia neglectus intulerit.

[3] For the fame of merits is, without doubt, a mighty counsel to a seat of such magnitude; but consider what is exacted of him upon whom such a name is imposed. Let your labor procure for me the quiet of all. You know what shameful things neglect has brought in.

scopulus vitandus est, ubi alter offendit. sed haec vos monere mea potius curiositas quam vestri diffidentia facit. nam omnia vos illa gerere credimus, quae iuvante deo famae nostrae et rei publicae utilia esse iudicamus.

A reef is to be shunned where another has offended; but it is my curiosity rather than diffidence toward you that makes me warn you of these things. For we believe that you carry out all those things which, with God aiding, we judge to be useful to our fame and to the Republic.

V. AMBROSIO V. I. AGENTI VICES SENATOR PPO.

5. TO AMBROSIUS, AN ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, ACTING AS DEPUTY FOR SENATOR, THE PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Gaudere vos quidem in eis credo, quae caritatem vestram optasse diiudico: nam ipsius quodammodo res agitur, cuius in alterum vota complentur. sed hinc intellego antiquae amicitiae fructum, qui venustate felicior est, in suavissimi saporis emanasse dulcedinem, si prius Romanae civitatis copiam per eos quorum interest tamquam munus eximium nostris hospitiis offeratis.

[1] I believe that you indeed rejoice in those things which I judge your charity to have desired; for in a certain way the matter of the very person is at issue, whose vows are fulfilled in another. But from this I understand that the fruit of ancient friendship, happier for its comeliness, has flowed out into a sweetness of most pleasant savor, if first you should offer the opportunity for Roman citizenship, through those whose concern it is, as an exceptional gift to our hospitality.

[2] Ideo enim peregrinationis incommoda, ideo tot angusta cogitationis intravimus, ut populus ille antiquis delectationibus assuetus beatissimis regnantium temporibus explosis necessitatibus perfruatur. procul enim sit, ut aliquo illius civitatis esuriente satiemur. illorum, quod absit, indigentia nostra penuria est.

[2] For this reason indeed we have entered the incommodities of peregrination, for this reason so many straits of cogitation, so that that people, accustomed to ancient delights, may enjoy, in the most blessed times of the reigning, with necessities expelled. Far be it that we be sated while someone of that city is hungry. Their indigence—may it be far off—is our penury.

quid plura? laeti esse non possumus, nisi et illos gaudentes communiter audiamus.

What more? We cannot be joyful, unless we also hear them rejoicing in common.

[3] Atque ideo tota vivacitate incorrupta frumenti species congregetur, ut panis inde coctus non horrori, sed deliciis videatur esse propositus. ponderatio iusta servetur. vincant copiae mentium desideria.

[3] And therefore let a stock of grain, uncorrupted in its entire vivacity, be congregated, so that bread baked from it may seem to be set forth not for horror, but for delights. let just ponderation be observed. let supplies conquer the desires of minds.

non putatur abundare quod quaeritur. fugite scelerata lucra, vitate nefanda compendia. quicquid ibi male praesumitur, in mei animi laesione grassatur.

what is sought is not thought to abound. flee accursed lucre, avoid nefarious shortcuts. whatever is wrongly presumed there stalks to the injury of my mind.

nemo putet veniale, quod in ista temptaverit parte sumere. in nobis facilius consentimus excedi quam Romanorum utilitates patiamur imminui: non ut favorem captem plausumque popularem, sed ut iuvante deo meum in illis compleam dilectionis arbitrium.

Let no one think venial what he has tried to take in this matter. As for us, we more readily consent to be exceeded than allow the utilities of the Romans to be diminished: not that I may capture favor and popular applause, but that, with God aiding, I may fulfill toward them the determination of my love.

[4] Cives si quidem omnes fovendi sunt, sed Romani aliquid plus merentur. urbs ornata tot eximiis senatoribus, beata tam nobilibus populis laudes debet nostrorum principum personare, quas homo nationis exterae se miretur audisse. nam iuste se illic extollit laetitia popularis, quae dominos cognoscitur habere victores.

[4] Citizens indeed all must be fostered, but the Romans deserve something more. the city, adorned with so many eximious senators, blessed with such noble peoples, ought to resound with the lauds of our princes, which a man of a foreign nation marvels to have heard. for there popular rejoicing rightly exalts itself, which is known to have lords who are victors.

[5] Quapropter impendendum est, quicquid fides, quicquid magna potest exhibere cautela, quia illud vere nostrum est commodum, quod illorum mihi procurat affectum. laetentur praesentibus gaudiis qui erant de nostra actione suspensi: illorum ne desideria, illorum vota iuverunt et hoc mihi apud rerum dominos profuit, quod ab eis universaliter audiebatur optari.

[5] Wherefore there must be expended whatever faith, whatever great caution can exhibit, because that is truly our advantage which procures for me their affection. let those rejoice in present joys who were in suspense about our action: was it not their desires, their vows that helped, and did not this profit me with the lords of affairs, that it was heard universally to be desired by them?

[6] Agite nunc, ut amor iste iuvante domino perseveret, quia eos amplius in reliquum credo facere, quod se in me feliciter sentiunt inchoasse. abundantiam nunc petamus communibus votis: supernae misericordiae humiles supplicemus, ut primum nobis salutem dominorum clementia divina concedat, ceterum proventum quem praestiterit non neglegentia diminuit, non venalitas ulla subducat. fidem meam promitto, sed cum ipsis divinitatis dona sustineo: cautelam offero, turpia fraudulentissimae nundinationis excludo.

[6] Come now, see to it that that love, with the Lord helping, may persevere, because I believe they will do more in the future, since they feel they have happily begun in me. Let us now seek abundance with common vows: let us humbly supplicate the supernal mercy, that first the divine clemency may grant to us the safety of the lords; moreover, let not negligence diminish the yield which it shall have furnished, nor let any venality withdraw it. I pledge my good faith, but together with them I sustain the gifts of divinity: I offer caution, I exclude the disgraceful practices of most fraudulent trafficking.

ipsi autem in domino de promerita ubertate glorientur.

but let them themselves glory in the Lord for the merited abundance.

VI. IOHANNI CANCELLARIO SENATOR PPO.

6. TO JOHN THE CHANCELLOR; SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Quamvis statutis gradibus omnis militia peragatur et tempora sibi custodiant, qui iudicum iussionibus obsecundant, tuus honor cognoscitur sollemni ordine non teneri, qui suis primatibus meruit anteponi. tibi enim reddunt obsequia, qui te praeire noscuntur et reflexa condicione iustitiae illis reverendus aspiceris, quos subsequi posse monstraris. hanc inaequabilem aequitatem, speciale decretum, singulare beneficium sub aspectu iudicis agis nec potest rationabiliter culpari, quod inpugnante ordine videatur assumi.

[1] Although every service is carried through by established grades, and those who comply with the injunctions of judges keep to their appointed times, your honor is recognized as not being held by the solemn order, in that it has deserved to be set before its own primates. For those who are known to go before you render deference to you, and by a reversed condition of justice you are looked upon as to be revered by those whom you are shown to be able to follow. You carry on this unequal equity, this special decree, this singular benefit, under the gaze of the judge; nor can it reasonably be blamed that it seems to be assumed with the order resisting.

[2] Nullus tibi de temporis qualitate praescribit. transgressio matriculae actio tua est et solus confidenter neglegis quod alios servare compellis. sed talia tibi pro excellentibus meritis conceduntur.

[2] No one prescribes to you concerning the quality of time. transgression of the matricula (register) is your action, and you alone confidently neglect what you compel others to observe. but such things are conceded to you for your excellent merits.

dum credi debet omnes industria fideque superare, quem nos constat elegisse. nemo enim sequentem probat, nisi quem sibi laudanda virtus associat, quando vituperabile est inferiorem erigere nisi meritis alios videatur excellere.

since he whom it is agreed we have chosen ought to be believed to surpass all in industry and faith. For no one approves a follower, except one whom laudable virtue associates to himself, since it is blameworthy to raise up an inferior unless he seems to excel others in merits.

[3] Hoc igitur laudabile praeiudicium, sententiam gratiosam, militiam domesticam a duodecima indictione cancellorum tibi decus attribuit, ut consistorii nostri secreta fideli integritate custodias, per te praesentandus accedat, per te nostris auribus desiderium supplicis innotescat, iussa nostra sine studio venalitatis expedias omniaque sic geras, ut nostram possis commendare iustitiam. actus enim tui iudicis opinio est et sicut penetrale domus de foribus potest congruenter intellegi, sic mens praesulis de te probatur agnosci: non iniuria, quia talem unusquisque ad responsa sua videtur eligere, qualem se cunctos decreverit aestimare.

[3] This therefore laudable pre-judgment, a gracious sentence, has attributed to you as an honor the domestic service of the chancery from the 12th indiction, so that you may guard the secrets of our consistorium with faithful integrity; that the one to be presented may approach through you; that through you the desire of the suppliant may become known to our ears; that you expedite our commands without zeal for venality; and that you manage all things thus, that you may be able to commend our justice. For your conduct is the judge’s opinion, and just as the inner sanctum of a house can suitably be understood from its doors, so the mind of the prelate is proved to be recognized from you: not unjustly, because each person seems to choose such a man for his replies as he has determined that all should esteem himself.

[4] Vestes ipsae, quae nostris corporibus applicantur, nonne nos deformare possunt, si aliquo inquinamento sordescant? quanta vero gratia nos decorare videntur, cum laudabili puritate nituerint! sic miles ad secreta iudicis proximatus praesulis sui famam aut ornat aut maculat.

[4] The very vestments that are applied to our bodies, can they not deform us, if they grow sordid by some pollution? How great a grace they seem to adorn us with, when they have shone with laudable purity! Thus a soldier, brought near to the judge’s secrets, either adorns or maculates the fame of his superior.

in nobis siquidem peccant, qui alios gravant et dum spolium obsecrantis ambitur, fama praesidentis exuitur.

indeed they sin against us, who burden others; and while the spoil of the suppliant is ambitiously sought, the reputation of the presiding officer is stripped away.

[5] Considera, si neglegere debemus unde nos culpari posse cognoscimus. ultra omnes dementes est, qui ulcisci non appetit quem grassatum in suo dedecore comprehendit. respice, quo nomine nuncuperis.

[5] Consider whether we ought to neglect that from which we know we can be blamed. He is more demented than all who does not seek to avenge himself upon the one whom he has apprehended making an assault to his own disgrace. Look back to the name by which you are named.

latere non potest quod inter cancellos egeris. tenes quippe lucidas fores, claustra patentia, fenestratas ianuas et quamvis studiose claudas, necesse est ut te cunctis aperias. nam si foris steteris, meis non emendaris obtutibus: si intus ingrediaris, observantium non potes declinare conspectus.

what you have done within the railings cannot lie hidden. you hold, to be sure, bright doors, patent bars, fenestrated doorways; and although you shut them diligently, you must needs lay yourself open to all. for if you stand outside, you are not amended by my gazes: if you enter within, you cannot decline the gazes of those observing.

[6] Vide quo te antiquitas voluerit collocari: undique conspiceris, qui in illa claritate versaris. proinde ad nostra monita aures animumque converte: fige menti omnia quae iubemus: non te tamquam vacuam fistulam dicta perexeant, quae tamdiu plena conspicitur, quamdiu in eam undae influere posse noscuntur. esto potius conceptaculum, quod audita custodias, quod suscepta non fundas: quia nihil proderit, si auribus tuis transitura placeant et in cordis sinibus se omnia non defigant.

[6] See where antiquity has willed to collocate you: you are beheld on every side, you who move about in that clarity. Therefore turn ears and mind to our monitions: fix in your mind all that we command: let not the sayings pass through you as through an empty pipe, which is seen as full only so long as waters are known to be able to flow into it. Be rather a receptacle, so that you may guard the things heard, and not pour out what you have received: for nothing will profit, if things destined to pass through please your ears and all things do not fix themselves in the bosom of the heart.

VII. UNIVERSIS IUDICIBUS PROVINCIARUM SENATOR PPO.

7. TO ALL THE JUDGES OF THE PROVINCES, SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Iustissime quaeritur quod annua devotione praestatur, quando sub quodam gaudio constat inferri, quod solvitur lege generali. stipendium namque est, quod subiectum facit munificum dici et offerentis nomen accipit, qui se quod penditur debere cognoscit. quam lautum est intrepidum foro assistere, publicum non timere et inter devotos laudabilem collocari, qui pudorem non sinitur habere compulsi.

[1] Most justly is that required which is rendered by annual devotion, since that which is discharged by a general law is understood to be brought in under a certain joy. For it is a stipend, which makes the subject be called munificent, and he receives the name of offerer, who recognizes himself to owe what is paid. How splendid it is to stand intrepid in the forum, not to fear the public, and to be placed among the devout as laudable, as one who is not allowed to have the shame of the compelled.

[2] Inhonorum est enim omne quod cogitur nec offerentis habet gratiam, qui damnis suis perducitur ad tributa: contra quam libero dignum est compulsoribus nil debere! ille solus delectabilis ager est domino, in quo supervenire non timetur exactor. merito ergo testimonium solutionis securitas dicitur, de qua non solum animus, sed substantia communitur.

[2] For everything that is compelled is dishonorable, nor has it the grace of the offerer, who is brought to tribute by his own losses: contrariwise, it is worthy of a free man to owe nothing to compellers! That alone is a delightful field to the master, in which the exactor is not feared to supervene. Deservedly, therefore, security is called the testimony of payment, by which not only the spirit, but the substance is fortified.

[3] Et ideo, quod feliciter dictum sit, indictione duodecima per dioecesin dicationis tuae sollemni moderamine custodito possessorem te officiumque tuum praecipimus ammonere, ut trina illatione devotus constitutis temporibus suam compleat functionem, ita ut cesset venalis illa dilatio, quae non ad tributariorum compendia, sed fraudis ambitu cognoscitur exquisita. nam qui se huiusmodi onera sublevare dicunt, aliud magis pondus abominabilis nundinationis imponunt.

[3] And therefore, to speak auspiciously, with the twelfth indiction guarded by solemn governance throughout the diocese of your jurisdiction, we command you and your office to admonish the possessor, that by a threefold payment the devoted man may complete his function at the appointed times, so that that venal delay may cease, which is recognized as contrived not for the savings of the taxpayers, but by the ambit of fraud. For those who say they lighten burdens of this kind impose rather another weight of abominable huckstering.

[4] Absit a nostris temporibus detestabilis et fugienda versutia. possessor nihil aliud, nisi quod publico debetur, exolvat: nam sua damna potius agunt, qui sub nobis aliqua fraudare contendunt. quapropter sicut fiscalia onera nulla occasione volumus aggravari, ita constitutis temporibus praefinitas illationes praecipimus deo iuvante compleri, quatenus et possessorum devotio gratissima dominis innotescat et tarditatis involuta confusio nostris rationibus auferatur.

[4] Let detestable and to-be-shunned craftiness be absent from our times. Let the possessor pay nothing other than what is owed to the public: for they work rather their own losses who under us strive to defraud anything. Wherefore, just as we wish that fiscal burdens be aggravated on no occasion, so at the constituted times we order, with God helping, that the pre-defined exactions be completed, to the end that both the devotion of the possessors, most pleasing to their lords, may become known, and the entangled confusion of tardity be removed from our accounts.

unde singulis quibusque temporibus sollemni more factos breves ad scrinia nostra transmittite, sicut te et prisca legum et nostrae iussionis praesens commonere videtur auctoritas, ne, si aliquid horum aestimaveris neglegendum, tu tibi absolute facias esse periculum.

whence at each and every time transmit to our archives the briefs drawn up according to the solemn custom, as the authority—both of the ancient laws and of our present injunction—seems to admonish you, lest, if you reckon any of these things to be neglected, you place the peril absolutely upon yourself.

[5] Verumtamen ut iustissimarum praeceptionum diligentior procuretur effectus, illum atque illum praecedentibus meritis comprobatos tibi officioque tuo iussimus imminere, ut nihil possit nocere neglegentia, ubi adhibetur sollicitudo geminata. unde continenter agite, si provectum vestrum magis desideratis extendere. impia lucra sint a vobis omnimodis aliena: vos possessorem devotum redditis, si fraudulentis non gravetur incommodis.

[5] Nevertheless, that the effect of the most just precepts may be procured with greater diligence, we have ordered this man and that man, approved by preceding merits, to attend upon you and your office, so that negligence may be able to harm nothing where double solicitude is applied. Wherefore act consistently, if you desire rather to extend your advancement. Let impious lucre be in every way alien from you: you render the possessor devoted, if he is not burdened with fraudulent incommodities.

de aequitate potius quam de rapacitate proficitur. semper metuit iniusta praesumptio: quid enim adquiri putatur, ubi bona conscientia perditur? aut in qua parte possit homo proficere, si innocentiam probatus fuerit amisisse?

Progress is made by equity rather than by rapacity. Unjust presumption always fears: for what is thought to be acquired, where good conscience is lost? Or in what part can a man make progress, if he has been proved to have lost innocence?

[6] Nolite sine praemio credere, quae videntur ad bonam conscientiam pertinere. habebunt nos bene agentes, in quo possumus, adiutores. remuneratorem enim illi me esse promitto, quem se aliqua honestate tractasse cognovero.

[6] Do not believe that the things which seem to pertain to a good conscience are without reward. Those who act well will have us, so far as we are able, as adjutors. For I promise to be a remunerator to that man whom I shall have recognized to have conducted himself with some honesty.

agite ergo: laudes ad me potius vestri perveniant quam querellae. maius commodum non quaeratis, quam si nihil venditis. illa tantum sequenda sunt lucra, quae potest laetus offerre et miles sollemniter securus accipere.

Act, therefore: let praises of you reach me rather than complaints. Seek no greater advantage than this—that you sell nothing. Only such lucre is to be pursued as one can gladly offer and the soldier can solemnly and securely receive.

non censor, sed laudator vester esse desidero. cavete ergo, ne reddatur infestus qui vobis cupit esse beneficus: nam gravius semper irascitur, qui contra propositum commovetur.

I desire to be not your censor but your praiser. Therefore beware, lest he who wishes to be beneficent to you be rendered hostile; for he who is stirred contrary to his purpose always grows more grievously angry.

VIII. EDICTUM PER PROVINCIAS. SENATOR PPO.

8. EDICT THROUGH THE PROVINCES. SENATOR PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Priscorum mos fuit nova iura decernere, ut succedenti populo aliquid quod omissum videbatur adiungerent: nunc autem sufficiens satis conscientiae veterum decreta servare. erat ante genus hominum sub hac novitate sollicitum, dum regulam vitae suae in aliena cognoscerent voluntate pendere: modo vero unusquisque novit fixum, quod ab antiquis plenissime non dubitat constitutum. sufficiunt ergo vobis iura, si non desit voluntas eximia.

[1] It was the custom of the ancients to decree new laws, so that they might add to the succeeding people something which seemed to have been omitted; now, however, it is amply sufficient for conscience to observe the decrees of the elders. Formerly the race of men was anxious under this novelty, while they recognized that the rule of their life depended on another’s will; but now indeed each person knows as fixed that which he does not in the least doubt was most fully constituted by the ancients. Therefore the laws suffice for you, if an exceptional will is not lacking.

quid praeconum voces, quid periculosas sententias praesulum erectis auribus sustinetis?

Why do you, with ears erect, sustain the voices of heralds, the dangerous sentences of prelates?

[2] Propriae vitae imponit modum, qui sibi se iudicem intellegit constitutum. studete cuncti actibus bonis et formidanda nescitis. nolite inardescere ad praesumptiones illicitas: amate vivere quieti: transigite semper innoxii.

[2] He imposes a measure upon his own life, who understands that he has been constituted a judge of himself. strive all for good deeds, and be unacquainted with things to be dreaded. do not blaze up toward illicit presumptions: love to live in quiet: always carry on blameless.

quid litibus honesta confunditis? cur facitis quae mox timere possitis? si quaeritis lucra, vitate potius damnosa litigia.

Why do you confound honorable things with litigations? Why do you do what you may soon fear? If you seek lucre, rather avoid ruinous litigations.

si quod tamen emerserit civile certamen, legibus patriis estote contenti: nullus ad seditiosa consurgat, nullus ad violenta confugiat. furoris genus est in saeculo pacato turbulento studere proposito.

If any civil contest should nevertheless emerge, be content with your ancestral laws: let no one rise up to seditious things, let no one resort to violent ones. It is a kind of fury, in a pacified age, to be eager for a turbulent purpose.

[3] Sed quia de nobis iudicibus etsi non verus, tamen oritur rationabilis metus, dum inexperta potestas trahit potius ad timorem, quantum ad meum propositum pertinet, iuvante deo rerumque dominis regnantibus omnia vobis iusta, omnia moderata promittite. primum, quod maxime iudicem dehonestat, nundinatio a me foeda nescibitur. non enim mea verba more vestium suspensa venduntur.

[3] But because concerning us judges, although not true, nevertheless a rational fear arises, since untried power draws rather toward fear, so far as it pertains to my purpose, with God aiding and the lords of affairs reigning, set down as promised to you all things just, all things moderate. first, that which most dishonors a judge, foul huckstering will be unknown by me. for my words are not sold, hung up after the manner of garments.

sperari a vobis aliquid sola specierum indigentia faciet, non malitiosa venalitas. ubi tamen erit quae tempus mitigat moderata praeceptio, non indicimus quod ematur nec ad taxationem trahimus quae necessaria non habentur.

only the want of supplies will make anything to be hoped for from you, not malicious venality. where, however, there shall be a moderated precept which the time mitigates, we do not proclaim that something be bought, nor do we draw to taxation things that are not held necessary.

[4] Estote tantum ad consueta solliciti, de novitate securi, quia illud solum nobis iudicavimus esse commodum, si vos iuvante domino servemus illaesos. non vos quisquam militum pro sua voluntate concutiet: non exactor adiecticiis gravabit incommodis: non solum nostras, sed et officii innoxias custodibimus manus. alioquin inutile bonum est iudicem non accipere et multis accipiendi licentiam praebuisse.

[4] Be only solicitous about the accustomed things, secure concerning novelty, because this alone we have judged to be advantageous for us: if, with the Lord helping, we keep you unharmed. No one of the soldiers will extort from you according to his own will: no collector will burden (you) with added incommodities: we will guard guiltless not only our own hands, but also those of the office. Otherwise it is a useless good for a judge not to accept, and to have afforded to many the license of accepting.

neque enim sic a nobis egrediuntur, ut ea quae passi fuerint aliis merito fecisse videantur. imminuta sunt enim vestro amore suffragia, quae hactenus omnium detrimento crescebant.

for neither do they go forth from us in such a way that they seem to have deservedly done to others the things which they have suffered. for your love has diminished the suffrages, which until now were increasing to the detriment of all.

[5] Ostendimus in nobis deo iuvante continentiam, ut eam militibus sine pudore imperare possimus. non enim potest auctoritatem habere sermo qui non iuvatur exemplo, dum iniquum sit bona praecipere et talia non fecisse. ordinatio igitur nostra utilitatem publicam tantummodo respiciet, non furta privata.

[5] We have shown in ourselves, God aiding, continence, so that we may be able to command it to the soldiers without shame. For a speech that is not helped by example cannot have authority, since it is unjust to prescribe good things and not to have done such. Therefore our administration will look only to the public utility, not to private thefts.

scimus quae pro nobis vota fuderitis, qua fuistis anxietate suspensi. deforme nobis est talia facere, ut minus possitis in vestra exultatione gaudere.

We know what prayers you have poured out for us, with what anxiety you were held in suspense. It is disgraceful for us to do such things as would make you less able to rejoice in your exultation.

[6] Patebunt deo propitio aures nostrae ad suscipienda desideria supplicantum: actor causae suis nos oculis sub libertate visurus est: non redempta, sed propria lingua loquebitur. nobis enim nec servitus imperabit nec a nobis nobilitas veneranda fatigabitur. praetoria denique nostra nullus turpis actus intrabit, nemo a nobis quam venerat minus locupletior redit.

[6] Our ears, with God propitious, will stand open for the receiving of the desires of suppliants: the actor of the cause will see us with his own eyes in liberty: he will speak not with a bought, but with his own tongue. For over us neither servitude will command, nor will venerable nobility be wearied by us. Finally, into our praetoria no base act will enter, no one goes back from us poorer than he had come.

nescivit domesticum penetrale a subselliis discrepare. iudicem me observans inveniet, quocumque respexerit.

He did not acknowledge any discrepancy between the domestic inner sanctuary and the benches. Observing, he will find me a judge, wherever he looks.

[7] Verecundiae memores iuvante deo sic agere nos optamus, quemadmodum a rerum dominis mandata suscepimus. vos ad omnia iusta estote devoti, ut me provinciarum patrem faciatis esse quam iudicem, quia iterum gravius irascitur, qui minime de pravitatum actione pensatur. nam si praebuistis laesionibus obsequium, quid illi impendere debetis, quem vobis magnopere studere cognoscitis?

[7] Mindful of modesty, with God helping, we desire to act thus, just as we have received mandates from the lords of affairs. Be you devoted to all just things, so that you make me to be the father of the provinces rather than a judge, for in turn he grows more gravely wroth who is least accounted in regard to the prosecution of depravities. For if you have shown compliance to wrongs, what ought you to expend upon him whom you know to be greatly zealous for you?

sollemnia commoda sedis nostrae laborantibus militibus non negentur, quia ipse praebet viam excedendi, qui non patitur iusta persolvi.

let the customary benefits of our seat not be denied to the laboring soldiers, because he who does not permit the just dues to be paid thereby himself offers the way of being removed.

[8] Praeceptis etiam nostris oboedientiam aequabili moderatione praestate. compellat rationabiliter proprius animus, ne vos urgeat terror armatus. odium sibi excitat, qui iustis resultat imperiis.

[8] Render obedience to our precepts also with equable moderation. let your own mind compel you rationally, lest armed terror press you. he arouses hatred for himself who resists just commands.

quem iam coegero, non amabo. sic enim cuncta quae agenda sunt volumus explicari, ut vos nullo compulsore faciamus imminui. servari vobis cupimus concessa pridem dominorum beneficia nulla abominabili praesumptione distracta.

whom I have already compelled, I will not love. For we wish all the things that must be done to be set forth thus, so that we make you be diminished by no compeller. We desire that the benefits long ago conceded by the lords be kept for you, not alienated by any abominable presumption.

honorem nostrum sola vos optamus gratulatione sentire et regnantibus bona petere, qui vestra desideria visi sunt praestitisse.

we desire that you sense our honor by congratulation alone, and to petition for boons from the reigning, who have been seen to have fulfilled your desires.

[9] Vivite nunc adepta securitate gaudentes. quem fas non fuit cogere, potuistis voluntariis sponsionibus obligare. nam qui dubitat sub dei confidentia iusta promittere, vult habere liberum, quod non est pollicitus, immutare.

[9] Live now rejoicing, with security obtained. Him whom it was not right to compel, you have been able to bind by voluntary sponsions. For he who hesitates, with confidence in God, to promise what is just, wishes to have it free to change what he has not promised.

tenete igitur arbitrii mei idoneum vadem, speculum cordis, imaginem voluntatis, ut quibus non sum facie notus, fiam morum qualitate recognitus. in hac me potius parte conspicite, qua latent praesentes. non est vobis damnum absentiae meae: utilius est iudicem mente nosse quam corpore.

Hold, therefore, as a suitable surety of my judgment the mirror of the heart, the image of the will, so that, to those by whom I am not known by face, I may become recognized by the quality of my mores. In this part behold me rather, wherein even those present lie hidden. There is no loss to you from my absence: it is more useful to know a judge in mind than in body.

VIIII. IUDICIBUS PROVINCIARUM SENATOR PPO.

9. TO THE JUDGES OF THE PROVINCES, SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Sciens ab eis contrarium posse credi, qui praecedentibus malis fuerant imminuti, dum mens humana facile suspicatur de quolibet illa quae pertulit, propositi nostri votum edictali tenore promisimus, ne iuvante deo quos securos esse cupimus vel de ipsa sollicitudine gravaremus. non enim est parvum tormentum adversum aliquid formidare venturum, dum semper gravius aestimatur emergere quod timetur. absit a nostris temporibus vel minima credulitas laesionis.

[1] Knowing that the contrary could be believed by those who had been diminished by preceding evils, since the human mind easily suspects, concerning anything whatsoever, those very things which it has endured, we have, by edictal tenor, promised the vow of our purpose, lest, with God helping, we should burden even by the anxiety itself those whom we wish to be secure. For it is no small torment to dread that something adverse will come, since what is feared is always judged to emerge more grievously. Let even the slightest credulity of harm be far from our times.

reo iam vicinus est qui malus putatur, quia tunc aliquid persuadetur animo, cum intraverit pectus apta suspicio.

He who is considered evil is already close to being an accused, because something is then persuaded to the mind, when an apt suspicion has entered the breast.

[2] Quapropter dicatio tua per loca celeberrima proponi faciat destinata. aptum est enim ab his iussa cognosci, quos decrevimus ammoneri. excitetur nunc amor omnium circa dominos felices, ut, sicut nos nullum contraria voluimus cogitatione suspendere, ita se et illi devotos debeant pie regnantibus exhibere.

[2] Wherefore let your proclamation cause the things destined to be posted through the most celebrated places. For it is apt that the orders be known by those whom we have decreed to be admonished. Let the love of all now be stirred up around the fortunate lords, so that, just as we wished to suspend no one by a contrary thought, so they too ought to present themselves devoted to those piously reigning.

sponsiones autem nostras vos veras efficitis, si provincialibus aequabiliter praesidetis. diligite iustitiam, quae vos et amabiles faciat et gloriosum commodum sua participatione concedat.

you make our pledges true, if you preside equably over the provincials. love justice, which both makes you amiable and grants a glorious advantage by its participation.

[3] Scitote officia vobis quasi actuum vestrorum testes assistere. et ideo quam magnum est in tantorum conspectu facere quod omnium possint ora praedicare? iudicium quasi iuridicium cognoscite vocitatum.

[3] Know that the offices stand by you as, so to speak, witnesses of your acts. And therefore, how great a thing it is, in the sight of so many, to do what the mouths of all can proclaim? Recognize judgment as, so to speak, “juridicium,” the speaking of law.

praesulem agere non decet quod alter accuset. quid timeat reus, cum viderit crimen in fascibus constitutum? sola malis illa tormenta sunt, si publica vota moribus suis sentiant esse contraria.

It is not fitting for the presiding magistrate to do what another should accuse. What should the defendant fear, when he has seen the charge set in the fasces? Those are the only torments for the wicked, if they sense that the public wishes are contrary to their morals.

dici enim non potest disciplina, quando ipsa fuerit corrigenda.

for it cannot be termed discipline, when it itself must be corrected.

[4] Studete ergo nobiscum, ut boni mores provincialibus dentur, sed nuditas auferatur. de remediis potius quam de laesione tractetur. grave malum est quemquam ad largienda iuris beneficia fieri et mixtum laesionibus inveniri.

[4] Be zealous, therefore, together with us, that good morals be given to the provincials, but that destitution be taken away. Let the discussion be of remedies rather than of injury. It is a grave evil that anyone set for granting the benefits of law should be found mingled with injuries.

sic agite, ut, cum iustitia probata quaeritur, annus vester brevis esse videatur. honores vobis potius offerantur. necessitatem quippe ambitus amittetis, si provincialium vobis vota societis.

Act thus, that, when proved justice is being sought, your year may seem short. Let honors rather be offered to you. For indeed you will lose the necessity of ambition, if you join to yourselves the votes of the provincials.

nullos vestrorum actuum facimus esse custodes nec sub privato arbitrio ingenium iudicis inclinamus: sed omnia sic gerite, ne fiat necessarium quod nunc credimus esse turpissimum. instar nostrae geritis dignitatis si vos conscientiae puritate tractetis. obviate malis, fovete nihilominus innocentes.

We make no custodians of your actions, nor do we incline the judge’s disposition under private discretion; but conduct all things thus, lest that become necessary which we now believe to be most shameful. You bear the likeness of our dignity if you conduct yourselves with purity of conscience. Obviate evils; nonetheless, foster the innocent.

[5] Si quis tamen est, qui ausu temerario contra vestros fasces erigatur nec possitis exercere quod iustum est, aut petitorem protinus cum vestra relatione transmittite aut, si viribus deseritur veniendi, negotium destinata relatione declaretur, quando et evectiones publicas accepistis, et nobis gratum sit audire de talibus. atque ideo totius vobis excusationis causa summota est, quando aut per dignitatem vestram potestis recta gerere aut certe nobis quae sunt necessaria nuntiare.

[5] If there is, however, anyone who with rash audacity raises himself against your fasces, and you are not able to exercise what is just, either send the petitioner forthwith with your report, or, if the strength for coming fails, let the business be declared by a designated report—since both you have received public conveyances, and it is pleasing to us to hear about such matters. And therefore every ground of excuse has been removed from you, since either by your dignity you can conduct what is right, or at least announce to us the things that are necessary.

X. BEATO V. C. CANCELLARIO SENATOR PPO.

10. TO BEATUS, A MOST DISTINGUISHED MAN, CHANCELLOR, SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Cum rerum domini clementia de famuli sui Dani salute cogitaret, cuius votum est de cunctorum sospitate laetari, remedia Lactarii montis eum iussit expetere, ut cui medella humana nil profuit, vulgatum loci beneficium subveniret: qui crebra tussi retonans anhelo pectore membra tenuavit, dum ministeria naturae nimia concussione debilitata virtutes suas explicare nequeunt ad salutem. escas enim in auxilium humani corporis contributas, dum apte non transigit, reddit inutiles. nec interest talibus an sumere cibum an sustinere ieiunium.

[1] When the clemency of the lord of things was considering the health of his servant Danus—whose vow is to rejoice in the safety of all—he ordered him to seek the remedies of Mount Lactarius, so that, for whom human medella had profited nothing, the commonly-known beneficium of the place might come to his aid: he who, echoing with frequent cough, with a gasping breast has attenuated his limbs, while the ministries of nature, debilitated by excessive concussion, are unable to unfold their powers unto health. For the foods contributed for the aid of the human body, since he does not pass them aptly, he renders useless. Nor does it matter for such as these whether to take food or to sustain a fast.

in dies singulos substantia viva deficit et velut rimosum dolium paulatim defluens donec evacuetur, expenditur.

Day by day the living substance fails, and, like a cracked cask gradually flowing out until it is emptied, it is expended.

[2] Huic igitur ferocissimae passioni beneficium montis illius divina tribuerunt, ubi aeris salubritas cum pinguis arvi fecunditate consentiens herbas producit dulcissima qualitate conditas, quarum pastu vaccarum turba saginata lac tanta salubritate conficit, ut quibus medicorum tot consilia nesciunt prodesse, solus videatur potus ille praestare, reddens pristino ordini resolutam passionibus vim naturae. replet membra vacuata, vires effetas instaurat et fomento quodam reparabili aegris ita subvenit quemadmodum somnus labore fatigatis.

[2] To this therefore most fierce affliction the divines have assigned the beneficence of that mountain, where the salubrity of the air, in consonance with the fecundity of the rich field, brings forth herbs imbued with a most sweet quality; by the pasture of which a herd of cows, being fattened, produces milk of such salubrity that, for those whom so many counsels of physicians do not know how to benefit, that drink alone seems to avail, restoring to its pristine order the power of nature loosened by afflictions. It repletes the emptied limbs, restores effete strengths, and with a certain reparable fomentation succors the sick just as sleep does those wearied by toil.

[3] Haec itaque armenta in tam abundanti pabulo exhausta videre miraculum est, ut umor ille lacteus non praestet origini suae, qui corpora mortalium probatur laesa reficere, miroque modo herbis animalia non proficiunt, unde hominum membra pinguescunt. exiles per dumeta discurrunt montium, tenues videntur et instar eius cui medentur sustinent passionis. lac autem tam pingue, ut haereat digitis, cum exprimatur in vasis.

[3] Thus to see these herds exhausted upon so abundant a pasture is a miracle, such that that lacteal humor does not answer to its origin, which is proved to restore the injured bodies of mortals; and in a wondrous way the animals do not profit by the herbs whence the members of men grow fat. Meager, they run through the thickets of the mountains; they seem tenuous and they sustain a passion like to that which they heal. But the milk is so rich that it clings to the fingers, when it is expressed into vessels.

[4] Qua de re anonas deputatas subvectionemque necessariam praebete venienti, ut in supra dicto loco armentali suco salubriter pastus eodem alimento reparetur eius iuventus, quo nutritur infantia. consurgite, animi tali passione laborantium: iam non amaro antidoto horrebitis dulcissimam vitam. voluptuose bibite quae saluberrima sentiatis.

[4] Wherefore provide the assigned grain-rations and the necessary subvection to the one coming, so that in the above-said place, salubriously fed on the armental juice, his youth may be repaired by the same nourishment by which infancy is nourished. Rise up, spirits of those laboring under such a passion: now you will not shudder at the sweetest life because of a bitter antidote. Drink pleasurably what you perceive to be most salubrious.

felicitatis genus est inde curari, unde libens animo aeger possit expleri.

It is a kind of felicity to be cared for from that source whence the sick man can, gladly in spirit, be filled to the full.

XI. EDICTUM DE PRETIIS CUSTODIENDIS RAVENNA.

11. EDICT ON SAFEGUARDING PRICES RAVENNA.

[1] Venalitas victualium rerum temporis debet subiacere rationi, ut neque in vilitate caritas nec in caritate vilitas expetatur, sed aequalitate perpensa et murmur ementibus et gravamen querulis negotiatoribus auferatur.

[1] The sale-price of victual goods ought to be subject to the reason of the time, so that neither dearness be sought in cheapness nor cheapness in dearness, but, with equality weighed, both the murmuring be removed for purchasers and the grievance for complaining merchants.

[2] Atque ideo trutinatis omnibus et ad liquidum calculatione collecta diversarum specierum pretia subter affiximus, ut omni ambiguitate summota definitarum rerum debeat manere custodia. si quis autem vendentium non servaverit quae praesentis edicti tenor eloquitur, per singulos excessus sex solidorum multam a se noverit exigendam et fustuario posse subiacere supplicio, quatinus eum et damni metus terreat et praedicta poena vehementer affligat.

[2] And therefore, all things having been weighed in the balance and, the reckoning brought to a clear result, we have affixed below the prices of the diverse kinds, so that, with all ambiguity removed, the keeping in force of the defined items may remain. But if any of the sellers does not observe what the tenor of this present edict sets forth, let him know that for each transgression a fine of six solidi will be exacted from him, and that he can be subject to the cudgeling punishment (fustuarium), in order that both the fear of loss may terrify him and the aforesaid penalty may grievously afflict him.

XII. EDICTUM PRETIORUM PER FLAMINIAM.

12. EDICT OF PRICES THROUGH FLAMINIA.

[1] Si otiosi populi urbium singularum sub pretiorum iustitia continentur, quanto magis debet laborantibus subveniri, ne utilitas commeantium saucietur discrimine fortuitorum! et ideo susceptio transeuntium requies debet esse curarum, ne quod ad levamen inventum esse constat, detestabile potius gravamen infligat. recipiatur hospes ad pretia definita: iniquitatem non patiatur avaram qui invitatur ad gratiam, quando turpis aucupatio est terrere enormitate pretii et susceptione blandiri.

[1] If the idle peoples of individual cities are contained under the justice of prices, how much more ought aid to be given to those who labor, lest the utility of travelers be wounded by the hazard of fortuitous events! And therefore the receiving of passers-by ought to be a repose from cares, lest that which is known to have been devised for alleviation inflict rather a detestable burden. Let the guest be taken in at defined prices: let him who is invited to favor not suffer greedy iniquity, since it is a base entrapment to terrify by the enormity of the price and to cajole by the reception.

[2] Praedoni similis est, qui sub iniqua cupit voluntate distrahere: utrosque enim constat aliena velle diripere et considerationem iustitiae non habere. nescitis quanta possitis adquirere moderati? ultro ad commoda vestra veniunt, qui vos temperanter agere posse cognoscunt.

[2] He is like a brigand who desires to sell off under an unjust will: for it is agreed that both alike wish to plunder what is another’s and have no regard for the consideration of justice. Do you not know how much you can acquire by being moderate? Unbidden, those who recognize that you are able to act temperately come to your advantages.

nullus ergo se aestimet, quod est familiare semper absentium, longinquitatis oblivione defendi, quando ad nos cotidie veniunt qui vestra mercimonia patiuntur.

Therefore let no one think himself—what is ever familiar to the absent—defended by the oblivion of remoteness, since those who suffer your merchandising come to us every day.

[3] Cavete potius damna multarum, qui lucrorum aviditates appetitis. sex enim solidorum dispendium se noverit sustinere et laceratione corporis affligendum, si quis aliter vendendum esse crediderit, quam miles noster in rem directus pretia cum civibus atque episcopis locorum habita deliberatione censuerit. sufficere enim debent omnibus honesta lucra de civibus, ne obsessa potius itinera videantur esse latronibus.

[3] Beware rather the losses of many, you who pursue the avidities of profits. For let him know that he will sustain a forfeit of six solidi and be afflicted with laceration of the body, if anyone shall have believed that it ought to be sold otherwise than as our soldier, detailed to the matter, shall have decreed the prices, after a deliberation held with the citizens and the bishops of the places. For honest gains from the citizens ought to suffice for all, lest the roads seem rather to be beset for brigands.

XIII. IUSTINIANO AUGUSTO SENATUS URBIS ROMAE.

13. THE SENATE OF THE CITY OF ROME TO JUSTINIAN AUGUSTUS.

[1] Honestum nimis et necessarium videtur esse negotium pro securitate Romanae rei publicae pio principi supplicare, quia convenit a vobis expeti quod nostrae possit proficere libertati. nam inter cetera bona, quae vobis singulariter divina tribuerunt, nihil gloriosius probatur accedere, quam quod vos cognoscitis ubique posse praestare. rogamus ergo, clementissime imperator, et de gremio curiae supplices tendimus manus, ut pacem vestram nostro regi firmissimam praebeatis nec nos patiamini abominabiles fieri, qui semper de vestra concordia videbamur accepti.

[1] An honorable and most necessary undertaking seems to be to supplicate the pious prince for the security of the Roman republic, since it is fitting that from you be sought that which can profit our liberty. For among the other goods which the divine powers have singularly bestowed on you, nothing is judged to accrue more glorious than that you know yourselves able to provide everywhere. We therefore beg, most clement emperor, and from the bosom of the Curia as suppliants we stretch forth our hands, that you may afford your peace most firm to our king, and suffer us not to become abominable, we who have always seemed acceptable by reason of your concord.

[2] Romanum si quidem nomen vos commendatis, si nostris dominis benigna conceditis. gratia vestra nos erigit ac tuetur et hoc mereri cognoscimus, quod de vestra mente sentitur. quietem ergo Italiae foedera vestra componant, quia tunc amari possumus, si per vos dilectio votiva copuletur. cui rei si nostrae preces adhuc non videntur posse sufficere, aestimate patriam nostram in haec precatoria verba prorumpere:

[2] You indeed commend the Roman name, if you graciously grant to our lords. Your favor raises and protects us, and we recognize that we merit that which is sensed from your mind. Therefore let your foedera compose the quiet of Italy, because then we can be loved, if through you the votive dilection be coupled. For which matter, if our prayers still do not seem able to suffice, reckon our fatherland to burst forth into these precatory words:

[3] 'Si tibi aliquando grata fui, ama, piissime principum, defensores meos. qui mihi dominantur, tibi debent esse concordes, ne incipiant talia in me facere, quae a votis tuis cognoverint discrepare. non mihi sis causa crudelis exitii, qui semper vitae gaudia praestitisti.

[3] 'If ever I have been pleasing to you, love, most pious of princes, my defenders. Those who rule over me ought to be concordant with you, lest they begin to do such things against me as they have learned to be at variance with your vows. Do not be to me the cause of cruel destruction, you who have always afforded the joys of life.

ecce alumnos meos sub tua pace geminavi, ecce civibus ornata resplendui. si me laedi pateris, ubi iam nomen tuae pietatis ostendis? quid enim pro me nitaris amplius agere, cuius religio, quae tua est, cognoscitur sic florere?

Behold, I have doubled my nurslings under your peace; behold, adorned with citizens, I have shone resplendent. If you allow me to be harmed, where now do you display the name of your piety? For what, indeed, would you strive to do further for me, whose religion—which is yours—is known thus to flourish?

senatus meus honoribus crescit, facultatibus indesinenter augetur.

my senate grows in honors, and its resources are incessantly augmented.

[4] Noli per discordiam dissipare quod deberes per bella defendere. habui multos reges, sed neminem huiusmodi litteratum: habui prudentes viros, sed nullum sic doctrina et pietate pollentem. diligo Hamalum meis uberibus enutritum, virum fortem mea conversatione compositum, Romanis prudentia carum, gentibus virtute reverendum.

[4] Do not, through discord, dissipate what you ought to defend through wars. I have had many kings, but none of this sort lettered; I have had prudent men, but none so excelling in doctrine and piety. I cherish Hamalus, nurtured at my breasts, a brave man, shaped by my companionship, dear to the Romans for his prudence, revered among the nations for his virtue.

iunge quin immo vota, participare consilia, ut tuae gloriae proficiat, si mihi aliquid prosperitatis accedat. noli me sic quaerere, ut non valeas invenire. tua sum nihilominus caritate, si nullum facias mea membra lacerare.

Join—nay indeed—your vows, participate in counsels, so that it may profit your glory, if some prosperity should accrue to me. Do not seek me thus, such that you are not able to find me. I am yours nonetheless by charity, provided that you make no one lacerate my members.

[5] Nam si Libya meruit per te recipere libertatem, crudele est me amittere quam semper visa sum possidere. impera motibus iracundiae, triumphator egregie. plus est quod generali voce petitur quam si vester animus cuiuslibet ingratitudinis offensione vincatur.'

[5] For if Libya has merited through you to receive back liberty, it is cruel for me to lose that which I have always seemed to possess. Command the motions of anger, O excellent triumpher. What is sought by the general voice is more than if your mind should be overcome by the offense of anyone’s ingratitude.'

[6] Haec Roma loquitur, dum vobis per suos supplicat senatores. quod si adhuc minus est, beatorum apostolorum Petri atque Pauli petitio sanctissima cogitetur. nam qui securitatem Romanam saepe defendisse probantur ab hostibus, quid erit quod eorum meritis vester non tribuat principatus?

[6] This is Rome speaking, while she supplicates you through her own senators. And if this is still not enough, let the most holy petition of the blessed apostles Peter and Paul be considered. For they who are proven to have often defended Roman security from enemies—what is there that your principate will not grant to their merits?

sed ut omnia reverentiae vestrae congruere videantur, per illum virum venerabilem legatum piissimi regis nostri ad vestram clementiam destinatum preces nostras credidimus porrigendas: ut tam multa debeant efficere, quae vel singula potuerunt apud pios animos optinere.

but, that all things may seem to be congruent to your Reverence, through that venerable man, the legate of our most pious king, appointed to your Clemency, we have believed our prayers ought to be proffered: so that so many matters together may effect what even singly they could have prevailed to obtain with pious minds.

XIIII. GAUDIOSO CANCELLARIO PROVINCIAE LIGURIAE SENATOR PPO.

14. THE SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT, TO GAUDIOSUS, CHANCELLOR OF THE PROVINCE OF LIGURIA.

[1] Cum multis itineribus Comum civitas expetatur, ita se eius possessores paraveredorum assiduitate suggerunt esse fatigatos, ut equorum nimio cursu ipsi potius adterantur. quibus indultu regali beneficium praecipimus iugiter custodiri, ne urbs illa, positione sua libenter habitabilis, rarescat incolis frequentia laesionis. est enim post montium devia et laci purissimi vastitatem quasi murus quidam planae Liguriae.

[1] Since by many itineraries the city of Como is sought after, its possessors represent that they are wearied by the assiduity of paravereds (post-horses), so that by the excessive running of the horses they themselves are rather worn down. For whom, by royal indult, we command that the benefice be continually kept, lest that city, gladly habitable by its position, grow rare in inhabitants through the frequency of injury. For beyond the byways of the mountains and the vastness of a most pure lake, it is, as it were, a certain wall of level Liguria.

quae licet munimen claustrale probetur esse provinciae, in tantam pulchritudinem perducitur, ut ad solas delicias instituta esse videatur.

although it is considered a cloistral muniment of the province, it is brought to such pulchritude that it seems to have been instituted for delights alone.

[2] Haec post tergum campestria culta transmittit et amoenis vectationibus apta et victualibus copiis indulgenter accommoda: a fronte sexaginta milibus dulcissimi aequoris amoenitate perfruitur, ut et animus recreabili delectatione satietur et piscium copia nullis tempestatibus subducatur, merito ergo Comum nomen accepit, quae tantis laetatur compta muneribus. hic profecto lacus est nimis amplissimae vallis profunditate susceptus, qui concharum formas decenter imitatus spumei litoris albore depingitur.

[2] This sends behind its back cultivated plains, apt for pleasant conveyances and indulgently accommodated with supplies of victuals: in front it enjoys, for sixty miles, the amenity of the sweetest expanse, so that both the spirit is sated by recreative delectation and the abundance of fish is withdrawn by no tempests; deservedly therefore it received the name Comum, which rejoices, adorned with such great gifts. Here indeed the lake is sustained by the profundity of a most ample valley, which, having decorously imitated the forms of shells, is painted with the whiteness of a foamy littoral.

[3] Circa quem conveniunt in coronae speciem excelsorum montium pulcherrimae summitates, cuius ora praetoriorum luminibus decenter ornata quasi quodam cingulo Palladiae silvae perpetuis viriditatibus ambiuntur. super hunc frondosae vineae latus montis ascendunt. apex autem ipse quasi quibusdam capillis castanearum densitate crispatus ornante natura depingitur.

[3] Around it there come together, in the likeness of a crown, the most beautiful summits of lofty mountains, whose margin, decorously adorned with the lights of praetoria, is encompassed, as by a certain girdle, by the Palladian forest with its perpetual greennesses. Over this, leafy vineyards climb the side of the mountain. But the apex itself is painted—nature adorning it—as if curled with the dense tresses of chestnut-trees.

hinc rivi niveo candore relucentes in aream laci altitudine praecipitante descendunt.

From here streams, gleaming with snow-white brightness, descend into the area of the lake, the height precipitously plunging.

[4] Huius sinibus ab austro veniens Addua fluvius faucibus apertis excipitur. qui ideo tale nomen accepit, quia duobus fontibus adquisitus quasi in proprium mare devolvitur, qui tanto impetu vastissimi aequoris undas incidit, ut nomen retinens et colorem in septentrionem obesiore alvei ventre generetur: putes quandam lineam fusciorem in aquis albentibus esse descriptam miroque modo influentis discolor natura conspicitur, quae misceri posse simili liquore sentitur.

[4] In its bays, coming from the south, the river Adda is received with open narrows; which therefore received such a name, because, acquired from two springs, it is devolved as if into its own sea, and with such impetus it cuts into the waves of the most vast expanse that, retaining its name and its color, it is borne to the north in the more swollen belly of the channel: you would think a certain darker line had been drawn in the whitening waters, and in a wondrous way the unlike color of the inflowing stream is perceived, which is felt to be able to be mingled by a similar liquid.

[5] Hoc et in marinis quidem fluctibus fluviorum inundatione contingit: sed ratio ipsa vulgariter patet, ut torrentes praecipites limosa faece corrupti vitreo sint aequori discolores. hoc autem iure putabitur stupendum, quod simile tantis qualitatibus elementum per pigrum stagnum videas ire celerrimum, ut amnem per solidos campos putes decurrere, quem se peregrinis undis non videas colore posse miscere.

[5] This also indeed occurs in the marine waves by the inundation of rivers: but the reason itself lies open commonly, namely that torrents, headlong and corrupted by muddy dregs, are discolored to the vitreous sea. But this will rightly be deemed stupendous: that an element similar in such great qualities you may see to go most swiftly through a sluggish pool, so that you would think a river is running across solid fields, which you do not see able to mix itself in color with the foreign waves.

[6] Quapropter incolis harum rerum iure parcitur, quando amoena omnia delicata sunt ad labores et facile onus afflictionis sentiunt, qui uti suavibus deliciis consuerunt. fruantur ergo munere regali perpetuo, ut sicut gaudent nativis epulis, ita eos exultare faciat munificentia principalis.

[6] Wherefore the inhabitants are by right spared in these matters, since, where all is pleasant, they are delicate for labors and easily feel the burden of affliction, who have been accustomed to use sweet delicacies. Let them therefore enjoy the regal gift in perpetuity, so that, just as they rejoice in native banquets, so the princely munificence may make them exult.

XV. LIGURIBUS SENATOR PPO.

15. TO THE LIGURIANS, SENATOR THE PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Regale munus impetratum gaudium debet esse cunctorum, ut provocetis ad meliora, cum de vobis concessa probaveritis esse gratissima. nam si subvenire semper amantis est, cuiusmodi vos aestimatos intellegitis, quos relevatos esse sentitis? sed ne vestram laetitiam longis praelocutionibus differamus, quia bonarum rerum celerrima semper desideratur agnitio, gloriosissimi domini devotae Liguriae necessitatibus consulentes centum libras auri per illum atque illum de cubiculo suo pietate solita destinarunt, ut, iudicio vestro quibus est causa notissima, tanta unusquisque huius muneris participatione laetetur, quanta necessitate gravatus esse cognoscitur, ne quod afflictis datum est usurpet inlaesus, sed illi reparatis viribus consurgant, qui damnorum sarcina premente corruerant.

[1] The royal gift obtained ought to be the joy of all, so that you may be provoked to better things, since you have proved that the concessions made on your behalf are most gratifying. For if to come to the aid is always the part of one who loves, of what sort do you understand yourselves to have been esteemed, you who feel that you have been relieved? But lest we defer your gladness by long prefaces, because the recognition of good things is always most swiftly desired, the most glorious lords, consulting for the necessities of devoted Liguria, have assigned 100 pounds of gold, through So-and-so and So-and-so, from their privy chamber with their customary piety, so that, in your judgment—since the case is most well-known to you—each may rejoice in the participation of this gift in proportion as he is recognized to have been burdened by necessity, lest the uninjured usurp what has been given to the afflicted, but rather that those may rise up, their strengths restored, who had collapsed under the pressing load of losses.

[2] Hastensis autem civitas, quae supra ceteras suggeritur ingravata, dispositionis vestrae iustitia maxime sublevetur, ut secundum modum dispendii commoditate beneficii perfruatur. sumite pietatis stipendium, tributarii, et dominorum aestimate clementiam, qui condicione mutata hoc vos ab aerario videtis accipere, quod consueveratis inferre. sed ut beneficia dominorum subtractis exactionum incommodis augeantur, celerius relatio vestra nos instruat, quid unicuique de hac summa relaxandum esse iudicatis, ut tantum de prima illatione faciamus suspendi, quantum ad nos notitia directa vulgaverit.

[2] But let the city of Hasta, which is reported as weighed down above the others, be most relieved by the justice of your disposition, so that, according to the measure of its loss, it may fully enjoy the commodiousness of the benefice. Take the stipend of piety, you tribute-payers, and esteem the clemency of your lords, who, with the condition changed, you see yourselves receiving from the treasury that which you were accustomed to bring in. But so that the benefits of the lords may be increased with the inconveniences of exactions subtracted, let your report more swiftly instruct us what you judge ought to be relaxed for each person from this sum, so that we may have as much suspended from the first levy as the notice directed to us shall have made known.

quapropter piissimis dominis votis salutaribus reddite quae debetis, ut ratio vestra supplicando peragat, quod se in ipso universitas recepisse cognoscat.

Wherefore, render to the most pious lords what you owe with salutary vows, so that your account, by supplicating, may accomplish that which the whole community recognizes itself to have received in his very person.

XVI. LIGURIBUS SENATOR PPO.

16. TO THE LIGURIANS, SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Studiose nos oportet erigere, quos statuit regalis pietas sublevare: nam quibus dominorum clementia voluit descendere, convenit his etiam subiectos de propria dignitate praestare. nuper mihi gratias retulistis, quod spem vobis bonorum quam fructum aliquem contulissem. invitastis me ad beneficia quia magna suscepistis gratulatione promissa.

[1] Zealously it behooves us to raise up those whom royal piety has determined to uplift: for upon those to whom the clemency of their lords has willed to descend, it is fitting that their subjects also should render, from their own dignity, what is due. Lately you returned thanks to me, because I had bestowed upon you the hope of good things rather than any fruit. You invited me to benefactions, since you received the promises with great congratulation.

absolvimus votum iudicis obligati. quae fuerunt praedicta, nunc probantur impleta.

we discharge the vow of an obligated judge. what things were predicted are now proven fulfilled.

[2] Initium igitur a libra faciemus, quia ubi conscientiam fas est intendere, inde debet sermo iudicis inchoare. hinc est, quod in ponderibus atque mensuris vos suggeritis ingravatos. et ideo nostra cura providebit, ut nullius vos ulterius ex ea parte vexare possit iniquitas, quia grave scelus esse iudicamus aut mensuras modum excedere aut libram aequissimi ponderis iustitiam non habere.

[2] Therefore we will make the beginning from the balance, because where it is lawful to direct conscience, from there the discourse of the judge ought to commence. Hence it is that, in weights and measures, you represent yourselves as burdened. And therefore our care will provide that no one’s iniquity can further vex you in that respect, because we judge it a grave crime either for measures to exceed their proper measure, or for the balance not to have the justice of the most equal weight.

[3] Milites etiam sedis nostrae nec non exactores atque susceptores, a quibus gravia vobis inferri dispendia suspirastis, praeceptis nostris fecimus conveniri, ut deductis ad liquidum ratiociniis si quid fraudis potuerit inveniri, sine aliqua dilatione persolvant: quia hoc nostris temporibus profitemur inimicum, ut alter alterius laetetur incommodo.

[3] Also the soldiers of our see, and likewise the exactors and receivers, by whom you have sighed that heavy losses are being inflicted upon you, we have caused to be convened by our precepts, so that, the reckonings having been brought to the clear, if any fraud can be found, they may pay it in full without any delay: because we profess this an enemy in our times, that one should rejoice in another’s incommodity.

[4] Nunc ad apparatum florentissimi exercitus vota convertite, universa sine querella vel tarditate aliqua procurantes. efficaciter enim me ad omnia benigna constringitis, si gratanter quae sunt iussa completis. laetus oboediat, quem causa generalitatis invitat.

[4] Now turn your vows to the apparatus of the most flourishing army, procuring all things without complaint or any tardity. For you effectively constrain me to every kindness, if you gratefully complete the things that are ordered. Let him obey gladly, whom the cause of the generality invites.

illa sola dolere debent dispendia, quae studio videntur cupiditatis imposita. nam quod pro rerum necessitate praecipitur, inde prudentum animus non gravatur.

Only those losses ought to be grieved which seem to have been imposed by the zeal of cupidity. For that which is prescribed for the necessity of things does not burden the mind of the prudent.

XVII. PROMOTIONES OFFICII PRAETORIANI, QUAE NATALE DOMINI FIUNT.

17. PROMOTIONS OF THE PRAETORIAN OFFICE, WHICH TAKE PLACE ON THE NATIVITY OF THE LORD.

[1] Si hodierno die redemptionis invenimus vitale remedium, si caelesti beneficio panditur spes salutis, convenit etiam nos longo labore fatigatis gaudii deferre medicinam, ut superna bona quae periclitanti mundo collata sunt, generaliter sentiantur. alioquin piaculum quoddam est inter tristes velle gaudere, et humanitatis refugit affectum, qui dolorem non sequitur alienum. contra quanto se melius excitat de communione laetitia, quando incitamentum magnae alacritatis est plurimos videre gaudentes!

[1] If on today’s day of redemption we find a vital remedy, if by heavenly beneficence the hope of salvation is opened, it is fitting that we also bring to those wearied by long labor a medicine of joy, so that the supernal goods which have been conferred upon a world in peril may be felt generally. Otherwise it is a kind of piacular offense to wish to rejoice among the sad, and he shuns the affection of humanity who does not follow another’s pain. On the contrary, how much better does one rouse oneself from the communion of joy, when it is an incitement of great alacrity to see very many rejoicing!

[2] Hinc est quod sapientes mortale genus unum hominem esse testati sunt, quoniam omnes a cunctis casibus suis indivisos esse voluerunt. quapropter unusquisque iuxta matriculae seriem tua designatione vulgetur, ut quem loci ordo postulat, gradibus promotionis accedat. egrediatur unus, ut anteponat universos.

[2] Hence it is that the wise have testified that the mortal race is one man, since they wished all to be undivided from all their fortunes. Wherefore let each, according to the series of the register, be promulgated by your designation, so that whoever the order of place requires may advance by the degrees of promotion. Let one step forth, so that he may take precedence over all.

totam sequentium seriem ad provectum trahit, dum prior militiam perfunctus exierit.

he draws the whole series of those following toward advancement, when the prior, having completed his military service, has departed.

XVIII. DE CORNICULARIO QUI EGREDITUR.

18. ON THE CORNICULARIUS WHO DEPARTS.

[1] Amplectenda est promotionum grata sollemnitas, quae bene meritorum solvit excubias, quia tironibus conceditur spes laboris, dum vicissitudo fuerit reddita veteranis. et ideo Anthianum, qui praetorianis inculpabiliter paruisse perhibetur obsequiis, inter tribunos et notarios ad adorandos aspectus properet principales, ut iuxta consuetudinem praesentatus spectabilitatis decoretur insignibus.

[1] The pleasing solemnity of promotions is to be embraced, which discharges the watches of the well-deserving, because to tyros the hope of labor is granted, when the vicissitude has been rendered to veterans. And therefore let Anthianus, who is reported to have rendered blameless obedience in praetorian services, hasten among the tribunes and notaries to the imperial countenances to be adored, so that, according to custom, when presented he may be adorned with the insignia of the rank of Spectabilitas.

XVIIII. DE CORNICULARIO QUI ACCEDIT.

19. ON THE CORNICULARIUS WHO APPROACHES.

[1] Optatus ad optata perveniens sui nominis sortiatur effectum. et ideo supradictum assiduis laboribus comprobatum corniculariorum sumere censemus officium, ut iure inter primates assistat, qui tironum inculpabiliter egit excubias.

[1] Optatus, arriving at the things desired, may obtain the effect of his own name; and therefore we judge that the aforesaid, verified by assiduous labors, should assume the office of the cornicularii, so that by right he may stand among the foremost, he who has blamelessly kept the watches of the recruits.

XX. DE PRIMISCRINIO QUI EGREDITUR.

20. ON THE PRIMISCRINIUS WHO GOES OUT.

[1] Olim quidem efficaciter peragens imperata multorum meruisti bona iudicia: sed nunc et divino favore commendatus erigeris, quando militiae laboribus perfunctus esse monstraris. quapropter spectabilitatis honore suffultus inter tribunos et notarios venerandam purpuram adoraturus accede, ut per sacros aspectus principis tuae subsistat firmitas dignitatis.

[1] Once indeed, effectively performing the things commanded, you deserved the good judgments of many; but now, commended also by divine favor, you are lifted up, since you are shown to have been discharged from the labors of military service. Wherefore, supported by the honor of Spectability, approach to adore the venerable purple among the tribunes and notaries, so that through the sacred aspects of the Prince the firmness of your dignity may subsist.

XXI. DE PRIMISCRINIO QUI ACCEDIT.

21. ON THE PRIMISCRINIUM WHO ACCEDES.

[1] Differri non patimur merita fidelium, ut ad studia bonorum actuum provocemus vota cunctorum. demus igitur quae sunt iusta laboribus, ut provectu priorum invitemus corda sequentium. atque ideo Andreas, qui praetorianis fascibus inculpabiliter noscitur obsecutus, gradum feliciter primiscriniatus ascendat, ut locum, quem versutia nescivit exquirere, se gaudeat probis moribus invenisse.

[1] We do not allow the merits of the faithful to be deferred, so that we may provoke the vows of all to the studies of good acts. Therefore let us give to labors what things are just, that by the advancement of the former we may invite the hearts of those following. And so Andrew, who is known to have obeyed the praetorian fasces blamelessly, let him happily ascend the grade of Primiscriniatus, so that he may rejoice that he has found by honest morals the place which cunning did not know how to seek out.

XXII. DE SCRINIARIO ACTORUM.

22. ON THE SCRINIARY OF THE ACTS.

[1] Iuste potentiora consequitur, qui de commissa sibi negotii perfectione laudatur. et ideo Castellum, quem matriculae series fecit accedere, nostra auctoritas quoque actorum scriniarii curam praecipit obtinere.

[1] Justly he attains more potent things who is praised for the perfection of the business committed to him. And therefore our authority likewise directs that Castellus—whom the series of the matricula has caused to accede—obtain the charge of scriniarius of the acts.

XXIII. DE CURA EPISTULARUM.

23. ON THE CARE OF LETTERS.

[1] Constantiniani merita licet plures asserant, adstipulatio quoque nostra commendat. tanta est etenim in eo sinceritas mentis, ut et iudice teste mereatur laudari. hic itaque epistularum canonicarum curam provectus accipiat, ut amplius momenta suae integritatis exhibeat, quando fidem publicam sibi respicit esse commissam.

[1] Although many assert the merits of Constantinianus, our attestation likewise commends them. For so great is the sincerity of mind in him that, with the judge himself as witness, he deserves to be praised. Let this man, therefore, having been promoted, receive the care of the canonical letters, so that he may exhibit more amply the weight of his integrity, since he perceives that the public faith has been entrusted to himself.

XXIIII. DE SCRINIARIO CURAE MILITARIS.

24. ON THE SECRETARY OF THE MILITARY DEPARTMENT.

[1] Convenienter honoris praestat augmentum probitas actionis nec decet differri, quem frequenter efficacem contigit approbari. hinc est quod Lucinum scriniarium curae militaris esse praecipimus: exhibiturus obsequium cui se merito non dubitat attributum.

[1] Suitably, the probity of action renders an augmentation of honor, nor is it fitting that he be deferred who has frequently happened to be approved as effective. Hence it is that we command Lucinus to be secretary of the military care: about to exhibit obsequy to that to which he does not doubt himself to have been attributed by merit.

XXV. DE PRIMICERIO EXCEPTORUM.

25. ON THE PRIMICERIUS OF THE EXCEPTORS.

[1] Decet nos incunctanter tribuere promotionis ascensus, quos labor militiae meretur assiduus. sicut enim aequum est desidiosis laborantium praemia denegare, ita convenit excubantibus remunerationis optata concedere. et ideo Patricius exceptorum primicerium se a nobis noverit institutum, ut ad tale perductus officium placuisse suarum merita gaudeat actionum.

[1] It befits us to grant without delay the ascents of promotion which the assiduous labor of the militia merits; for just as it is equitable to deny to the idle the rewards of those who labor, so it is fitting to concede to the watchful their desired remuneration. And therefore let Patricius know himself established by us as primicerius of the exceptores, so that, brought to such an office, he may rejoice that the merits of his actions have pleased.

XXVI. DE SEXTO SCHOLARIO.

26. ON SEXTUS THE SCHOLARIUS.

[1] Dignus est nostro iudicio promoveri, qui a multis praesulibus meruit approbari. uni enim acceptum fuisse interdum gratia est, multis placuisse iudicium. iustus igitur locum sexti scholaris se noverit consecutum inventurus militiae praemium, cum se actibus studuerit sociare fidelibus.

[1] He is worthy in our judgment to be promoted, who has deserved to be approved by many praesules; for to have been acceptable to one is sometimes favor, to have pleased many is judgment. Rightly, therefore, let him know that he has obtained the place of the sixth scholar, destined to find the reward of military service, since he has endeavored to associate himself with faithful deeds.

XXVII. DE PRAEROGATIVARIO.

27. ON THE PREROGATIVARY.

[1] Quis Iohannem non aestimet merito esse promovendum, qui nostro iudicio cancellorum olim sumpsit officium et tunc iam praerogativam conscientiae meruit, quando secreti munus iudicialis accepit? fruatur itaque gaudio et ordinis et honoris, qui moribus noscitur placuisse laudatis. hunc igitur praerogativarium sententia nostra confirmat, ut gradu potitus emeriti devotioribus animis publicae pareat iussioni.

[1] Who would not deem John deserving to be promoted, who by our judgment once assumed the office of the chanceries and then already merited the prerogative of conscience, when he received the charge of the judicial secretariat? Let him, therefore, enjoy the joy both of order and of honor, who is known to have pleased by praiseworthy morals. Our sentence accordingly confirms this man as prerogativary, so that, having obtained the grade of an emeritus, he may, with more devoted minds, obey the public command.

XXVIII. DE COMMENTARIENSE.

28. ON THE COMMENTARIENSIS.

[1] Iuvat bene meritorum votis beneficiis respondere vicariis, ut devotiore mente possit obsequi, qui meruit anteferri. quapropter Heliodorus commentariensium fruatur officio. digne siquidem eius integritati committimus quae custodienda esse censemus.

[1] It is pleasing to answer the wishes of the well-deserving with vicarious benefits, so that he who has deserved to be preferred may be able to comply with a more devoted mind. Wherefore let Heliodorus enjoy the office of the Commentarienses. For indeed we worthily commit to his integrity those things which we judge ought to be kept in custody.

XXVIIII. DE REGENDARIO.

29. ON THE REGENDARIUS.

[1] Aequitati videtur accommodum, si efficaci actione laudatis digna moribus vicissitudo praestetur. habet enim suam gloriam, qui pensatis excubiis militarem noscitur promovere fortunam. hinc est quod Carterium regendarii locum feliciter obtinere censemus, ut spe futuri provectus avidius praetorianis possit inhaerere laboribus.

[1] It seems suitable to Equity, if by effective action a reciprocity worthy of praised morals be rendered. For he has his proper glory, who, with the watches duly weighed, is known to promote military fortune. Hence it is that we judge Carterius to happily obtain the place of regendary, so that, with the hope of future advancement, he may more eagerly adhere to praetorian labors.

XXX. DE PRIMICERIO DEPUTATORUM ET DE PRIMICERIO AUGUSTALIUM.

CHAPTER 30. ON THE PRIMICERIUS OF THE DEPUTATI AND ON THE PRIMICERIUS OF THE AUGUSTALES.

[1] Dignum est ut sequatur vota fidelium fructus laborum et superior gradus excipiat, quos gestarum rerum integritas affectata commendat. hinc est quod Ursum primicerium deputatorum atque Beatum primicerium Augustalium esse censemus: ut qui ad maiora provecti videntur officia, praedicanda conscientiae sequantur exempla.

[1] It is worthy that the fruit of labors follow the vows of the faithful, and that a higher grade receive those whom the integrity of accomplished affairs, striven for, commends. Hence it is that we judge Ursus to be primicerius of the Deputators and Beatus primicerius of the Augustales: so that they who seem to have been advanced to greater offices may follow examples of conscience to be proclaimed.

XXXI. DE PRIMICERIO SINGULARIORUM QUI EGREDITUR.

31. ON THE PRIMICERIUS OF THE SINGULARES WHO IS DEPARTING.

[1] Decet palmae praemia consequi, qui sacramentis militaribus videntur esse perfuncti, quia diutinus labor sibi vindicat quod inexperta vix potest invenire nobilitas. et ideo, quoniam Urbicus primiceriatus sui noscitur tempora peregisse, inter domesticos et protectores sacram purpuram adoraturus accedat, ut venerandis clarificatus aspectibus militaribus excubiis se gaudeat liberatum.

[1] It is fitting that the prizes of the palm be obtained by those who seem to have fulfilled the military oaths, since long-continued labor claims for itself what inexperienced nobility can scarcely find. And therefore, since Urbicus is known to have completed the times of his primiceriateship, let him approach among the domestics and protectors to adore the sacred purple, so that, made illustrious by venerable aspects, he may rejoice that he has been freed from military watches.

XXXII. DE PRIMICERIO SINGULARIORUM QUI ACCEDIT.

32. ON THE PRIMICERIUS OF THE SINGULARES WHO ENTERS.

[1] Adest militaribus obsequiis integritas iudicantis, quia gratanter exsolvit quod deberi iuste cognoscit. quapropter Pierius primicerium singulariorum se nostra auctoritate cognoscat effectum.

[1] The integrity of the judge is present to the military services, because he gladly discharges what he recognizes to be justly owed. Wherefore let Pierius recognize himself, by our authority, to have been appointed primicerius of the singulariores.

Si qua sunt alia, fiducialiter suggerantur: quia non est haesitationis metus, ubi non est iudicis venalis auditus.

If there are any others, let them be suggested confidently: for there is no fear of hesitation where there is no venal hearing of the judge.

XXXIII. DE CONCEDENDIS DELEGATORIIS.

33. ON GRANTING DELEGATORY LETTERS.

[1] Moras intercipit, quem praestandi consuetudo constringit, quia plus ille ad beneficia compellitur, qui innata benivolentia commonetur. neque enim decet, ut nostrorum factorum dissimiles esse debeamus, dum oporteat crescere numerositate remedii, cui administrationis tempora videntur augeri. et ideo de praesenti vobis delegatorios nostra largitur humanitas, ut tunc habeatis commoda praemii, quando estis et sudoris terminum consecuti.

[1] He who is constrained by the habit of bestowing intercepts delays, since he is more compelled to benefits who is reminded by innate benevolence. For it is not fitting that we should have to be unlike our own deeds, while the numerosity of remedy ought to increase at the very time when the periods of administration seem to be prolonged. And therefore, forthwith, our humanity grants to you delegatories, so that you may then have the advantages of the reward, when you have also attained the end of your toil.

non vos anxia mora suspendimus nec cruciabili dilatione fatigamus. unus sit finis sollicitudinis et laboris. nam differendum quis putet, si beneficia sua vendere non retractet?

we do not suspend you with anxious delay nor fatigue you with excruciating deferral. let there be one end of solicitude and of labor. for who would think it should be deferred, if he does not retract from selling his benefactions?

XXXIIII. ANTHIANO SUGGERENTE DICTUM EST.

34. IT WAS SAID, ANTHIANUS SUGGESTING.

[1] Petitionem tuam retinebit officium, donec consensum sequentium, dum facultas fuerit, inquiramus, quia uni incaute creditur quod est a plurimis asserendum. ite omnes provecti. estote cuncti feliciter approbati.

[1] Our office will retain your petition, until we inquire, as opportunity allows, into the consent of those who follow, since what ought to be asserted by many is incautiously credited to one. go, all you advanced; be all felicitously approved.

nil sustinuistis dubium, dum omne iudicium habeatur incertum. sola vos alpha complectitur, ubi ea littera non timetur. sic enim unusquisque proprio usus est voto, tamquam de alieno non pependisset arbitrio.

You have tolerated nothing doubtful, while every judgment is held uncertain. The alpha alone embraces you, where that letter is not feared. For thus each person has made use of his own vote, as though it had not depended on another’s discretion.

XXXV. DELEGATORIA.

35. DELEGATORY.

[1] Si Olympiaci currus agitator rapit praemia post labores, si ferarum certamen inhonestum velociter solet coronare victores, quam celeritatem remunerationis merebitur, a quo laudabiliter militiae sacramenta peraguntur? cur enim agentum in rebus miles officii post tot laboris incerta aliquid patiatur ambiguum, qui crebris actionibus excubando ideo principis nomen habere promeruit, quia militiae sacramentis ceteros antecellit?

[1] If the charioteer of the Olympian chariot snatches prizes after his labors, if the dishonorable contest of wild beasts is wont swiftly to crown its victors, what swiftness of remuneration will he deserve, by whom the sacraments of military service are laudably fulfilled? For why should the soldier of the office of the agentes in rebus, after so many uncertainties of toil, suffer anything doubtful, he who, by keeping watch in frequent actions, has on that account deserved to have the title of princeps, because he excels the others in the sacraments of military service?

[2] Observavit enim iugiter imperialibus iussis et ut reverentiam praetorianae sedis extolleret, tunc ad eius venit obsequium, quando vocabulum coepit habere praecipuum. tales ergo tardare piaculum est, quia post palmam nemo dilatus est. votivum non potest dici quod tristis suscipit.

[2] For he continually observed the imperial commands, and, in order to exalt the reverence of the Praetorian seat, he then came into its obedience when it began to have a preeminent appellation. Therefore to delay such men is a sacrilege, since after the palm no one is deferred. What one receives sadly cannot be called votive.

gravamina nulla metuant absoluti, ne portus hoc ingerat liberis quod facere potuit procella vexatis.

let the absolved fear no burdens, lest the port impose upon the free what the storm was able to do to the vexed.

[3] Quapropter experientia tua de illa provincia ex illatione tertia fiscalium tributorum solidos, quos principi Augustorum provida deputavit antiquitas, sine aliqua dilatione persolvat, quos noveris tertiae decimae indictionis rationibus imputandos. sed cave venales moras: declina damnosa fastidia, ut qui desideras similia consequi, exemplum tibi non videaris intulisse dispendii. qua enim poscentem ratione summoveas, si te actionis tuae qualitate constringas?

[3] Wherefore let your Experience from that province pay, out of the third exaction of the fiscal tributes, the solidi which provident antiquity assigned to the Prince of the Augusti, without any delay—solidi which you should know are to be imputed to the accounts of the 13th indiction. But beware venal delays: decline ruinous fastidiousness, so that you, who desire to obtain similar things, may not seem to have introduced for yourself an example of loss. For by what reasoning could you remove a petitioner who demands, if you bind yourself by the quality of your own action?

honorabiles quidem a cunctis habendi sunt veterani, sed ab his maxime, qui militiae labore detinentur. tibi ergo praestas quod parcis alteri, quando indemnitas prioris lucrum potius fit sequentis.

veterans indeed ought to be held honorable by all, but most of all by those who are detained by the labor of militia. you therefore render to yourself what you spare to another, since the indemnity of the prior becomes rather the profit of the subsequent.

XXXVI. ANATOLICO CANCELLARIO PROVINCIAE SAMNII SENATOR PPO.

36. SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT, TO ANATOLICUS, CHANCELLOR OF THE PROVINCE OF SAMNIUM.

[1] Qui laboriosas excubias et officia magnae sedulitatis invenit, rationabiliter et temporis definita constituit, ut quod erat sub vitae termino positum praemium, non haberet incertum. alioquin quis sufficere semper et expectare posset, cum se mortalibus lux ipsa subduceret? qua de re sub incerta vita certa militia est nec habet quod possit metuere, qui ad designatum tempus inoffense meruit pervenire.

[1] He who devised laborious watches and the duties of great sedulity, rationally also constituted them as defined by time, so that the reward, which was placed under the terminus of life, might not be uncertain. otherwise, who could suffice always and keep expecting, when the light itself withdraws from mortals? wherefore, under an uncertain life there is a certain military service, and he has nothing that he can fear, who has deserved to arrive without offense at the designated time.

[2] Astra ipsa, ut astronomi volunt, licet assidua repetitione volvantur, cursus sui definita custodiunt. nequit esse ambiguum, quod fine proprio tenetur inclusum. Saturnus annis triginta constituta sibi caeli spatia pervagatur.

[2] The stars themselves, as the astronomers maintain, although they are revolved in assiduous repetition, keep the defined course of their own motion. It cannot be ambiguous, that which is held enclosed by its own proper limit. Saturn ranges through the spaces of heaven appointed to itself in thirty years.

stella Iovis duodecim annis attributam sibi regionem illustrat. Martis sidus ignea celeritate raptatum decem et octo mensibus deputata sibi discurrit. sol anni spatio zodiaci circuli signa praetervolat.

The star of Jupiter illuminates the region attributed to itself in 12 years. The star of Mars, snatched with fiery celerity, runs through the domain deputed to it in 18 months. The Sun, in the span of 1 year, flies past the signs of the circle of the Zodiac.

astrum Veneris mensibus quindecim spatia concessa transcendit. Mercurius velocitate succinctus tredecim mensibus proposita sibi intervalla praetervehit. Luna peculiari nobis vicinitate proximior triginta diebus peragit, quod anni spatio sol aureus circumactus impleverit.

the star of Venus crosses the spaces granted in fifteen months. Mercury, girt with speed, in thirteen months passes by the intervals set before it. the Moon, nearer to us with a peculiar proximity, accomplishes in thirty days what the golden Sun, carried around, fulfills in the span of a year.

[3] Merito ergo laboris finem mortales inveniunt, quando, ut philosophi dicunt, et ipsa, quae deficere nequeunt nisi cum mundo, cursus sui terminos rationabiliter acceperunt, hac tamen interveniente distantia, quod illa opus suum finiunt, ut ad principium redeant, humanum genus ideo militat, ut peractis sudoribus conquiescat.

[3] Deservedly, then, mortals find an end of labor, since, as the philosophers say, even those things which cannot fail save with the world have rationally received the termini of their course; with this distinction, however, intervening: that they finish their work in order to return to the beginning, whereas the human race therefore does military service, so that, its toils completed, it may come to rest.

[4] Et ideo illi, qui inculpabiliter cornicularii est perfunctus officio, septingentos solidos, quos ei longaeva consuetudo deputavit, per illam indictionem de Samnii provincia ex illatione tertia sine ambiguitate contrade: quia non potest dubitare de praemio, quem vera iudicis commendat assertio. praefuit enim cornibus secretarii praetoriani, unde ei nomen est derivatum, laudatis actionibus comprobatus: eo ministrante caliculum scripsimus inempti, quod magnis pretiis optabatur impleri: gratificati sumus, cui leges faverunt: negavimus, cui iustitia non promisit.

[4] And therefore to that man who has blamelessly fulfilled the office of cornicularius, hand over without ambiguity seven hundred solidi, which long-standing custom has assigned to him, through that indiction from the province of Samnium, from the third contribution: for he cannot doubt his reward, whom the true assertion of the judge commends. For he presided over the “horns” (divisions) of the praetorian secretariat—whence his name is derived—approved by praiseworthy actions: while he was ministering, we issued a writ for something unbought, which was desired to be obtained at great prices: we have shown favor to him whom the laws favored; we have denied to him whom justice did not promise.

[5] Nemo tristis extitit de victoria sua, quia salvis facultatibus obtinuit, quando ut fieret superior, non redemit. nostis omne quod loquimur: neque enim in cubiculis nostris secretaria vestra peracta sunt: quod egimus, cohortes noverunt. fuimus nimirum ad nocendum privati, ad praestandum iudices.

[5] No one has stood out sad about his victory, because he obtained it with his resources safe, since, in order to become the superior, he did not purchase it. You know all that we speak: for your secretarial business was not transacted in our bedchambers; what we did, the cohorts knew. We were, to be sure, private for harming, judges for bestowing.

districtio nostra in verbis est habita et in factis sensa benignitas. irascebamur placati, minabamur innoxii et ne potuissemus laedere, terrorem videbamur inferre. habetis, ut solebatis dicere, castissimum iudicem: relinquam vos integerrimos testes.

Our strictness was kept in words, and in deeds benevolence was felt. We grew angry, being placated; we threatened, while innocuous; and though we could not wound, we seemed to bring in terror. You have, as you were wont to say, a most upright judge: I shall leave you witnesses of utmost integrity.

XXXVII. LUCINO V. C. CANCELLARIO CAMPANIAE SENATOR PPO.

37. SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT, TO LUCINUS, A MOST DISTINGUISHED MAN, CHANCELLOR OF CAMPANIA.

[1] Bene antiqua moderatione provisum est, ut laboris sui pretia recipiant qui publicis utilitatibus obsecundant, ne quis haberetur praeteritus, qui probabili fuerat actione laudandus. nam cui officio remuneratio solveretur, si praetorianis laboribus praemia tardarentur? quicquid enim paene in re publica geritur, eorum strenuitate completur et, quod difficillimum serviendi genus est ‚ sic enim omnia cogitur implere, ut non permittatur excedere ‚, exercitibus paret, armatis obtemperat et inde reportat gratiam, ubi invenire potest alter offensam.

[1] It has been well provided by ancient moderation, that those who subserve public utilities may receive the prices of their labor, lest anyone be considered passed over who ought to be praised for a commendable action. For to what office would remuneration be paid, if rewards were delayed to the praetorian labors? For almost whatever is conducted in the commonwealth is completed by their strenuity and—what is the most difficult kind of service ‚ for thus it is compelled to fulfill everything, so that it is not permitted to exceed ‚—it obeys the armies, it complies with the armed, and from there brings back favor, where another might find offense.

[2] Quid publicas illationes per difficiles minutias referamus esse collectas, quas magna subtilitate compositas et ab illis exigunt, quos offendere non praesumunt? eorum est etiam sudoribus applicandum, quod victuales expensae longe quidem positae, sed tamquam in urbe regia natae sine querela provincialium congregantur, quia dum suis temporibus aliquid apte quaeritur, danti dispendium non putatur.

[2] Why should we recount that the public imposts are gathered through difficult minutiae, which, composed with great subtlety, they exact from those whom they do not presume to offend? To their labors too must it be ascribed, that the expenses for victuals, though indeed situated far away, yet as if born in the royal city, are assembled without complaint of the provincials, because, while something is sought fittingly at its proper times, it is not reckoned a loss to the giver.

[3] Actus ipsorum nostra gloria est, opinio temporum, virtus explicabilis iussionum, et quicquid pro continendis omnibus gratificationis accipimus, eorum iuste provisionibus applicamus. splendescunt usu ipso laboribus attributi, qui reddunt homines semper instructos: labores, inquam, violenti magistri, solliciti paedagogi, per quos cautior quis efficitur, dum incurri pericula formidantur. erudiatur quis forensibus litteris: alter qualibet disciplina doceatur: ille tamen instructior redditur, qui actu continuae devotionis eruditur.

[3] Their acts are our glory, the opinion of the times, the manifest virtue of injunctions; and whatever gratification we receive for maintaining all things, we rightly apply to their provisions. Those assigned to labors shine by the very use—labors, I say, violent masters, solicitous pedagogues—through which men are rendered ever instructed, while the incurring of dangers is feared. Let someone be trained in forensic letters; another be taught in any discipline: yet he is made more instructed who is educated by the practice of continual devotion.

[4] Et ideo talibus cum honore solvendum est quod merentur, ut et sibi aliquando accipiat, qui semper rei publicae utilitatibus adquirebat. quocirca illi primiscrinio iam militiae labore perfuncto ex canone provinciae Campaniae tertiae illationis tot solidos sollemniter te dare censemus, ut et ille iustis laboribus perfruatur et posteri eius exemplum liberae famulationis accipiant, cum eum pro sua fide bene habitum fuisse cognoscunt.

[4] And therefore to such men it must with honor be paid what they merit, that he too may at some time receive for himself, who was always acquiring for the utilities of the republic. wherefore to that Primiscrinius, his military service now discharged, from the canon of the province of Campania, of the third illation, we decree that you solemnly give so many solidi, so that he both may enjoy the reward of just labors and his descendants may take up the example of free servitude, when they recognize that he was well treated for his good faith.

XXXVIII. IOHANNI CANONICARIO TUSCIAE SENATOR PPO.

38. SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT, TO JOHN, THE CANONICARIUS OF TUSCIA.

[1] Moderatrix rerum omnium diligenter consideravit antiquitas, ut, quoniam erat plurimis per nostra scrinia consulendum, copia non deesset procurata chartarum, quatinus, cum iudices multis profutura decernerent, odiosas moras dulcia beneficia non haberent. hoc munus supplicantibus datum est, ne avare constringerentur ad commodum, pro quibus a largitate publica constabat acceptum. ademptus est impudentissimus exactionibus locus: specialiter a damnis exemit propter quos principis humanitas dedit.

[1] Antiquity, the moderatrix of all things, diligently considered that, since it was needful for very many to consult through our scrinia, there should not be lacking a procured supply of papers, to the end that, when judges decreed things destined to profit many, sweet benefits should not have odious delays. This boon was given to supplicants, lest they be greedily constrained for a fee, for whose sake it was understood to have been received from the public largesse. The most shameless occasion for exactions was taken away: it especially exempted from losses those on whose account the prince’s humanity granted it.

[2] Pulchrum plane opus Memphis ingeniosa concepit, ut universa scrinia vestiret quod unius loci labor elegans texuisset. surgit Nilotica silva sine ramis, nemus sine frondibus, aquarum seges, paludum pulchra caesaries, virgultis mollior, herbis durior, nescio qua vacuitate plena et plenitudine vacua, bibula teneritudo, spongeum lignum, cui more pomi robur in cortice est, mollities in medullis, proceritas levis, sed ipsa se continens, foedae inundationis pulcherrimus fructus.

[2] A fair work indeed did ingenious Memphis conceive, that it might clothe all the scrinia with what the elegant labor of one place had woven. A Nilotic wood rises without branches, a grove without leaves, a crop of waters, the beautiful tresses of the marshes, softer than shrubs, harder than grasses, by I know not what emptiness full and by fullness empty, a bibulous tenderness, spongy wood, in which, after the manner of an apple, the strength is in the rind, the softness in the pith, a light procerity, yet self-contained, the most beautiful fruit of a foul inundation.

[3] Nam quid tale in qualibet cultura nascitur, quam illud, ubi prudentium sensa servantur? periclitabantur ante hoc dicta sapientium, cogitata maiorum. nam quemadmodum velociter potuisset scribi, quod repugnante duritia corticis vix poterat expediri?

[3] For what such thing in any cultivation is born, as that wherein the sentiments of the prudent are preserved? Before this, the sayings of the wise, the cogitations of the elders, were in peril. For how could that have been written swiftly, which, with the resisting hardness of the bark, could scarcely be expedited?

ineptas nimirum moras calor animi sustinebat et cum differebantur verba, tepescere cogebantur ingenia.

clearly the fervor of spirit was sustaining inept delays, and when the words were being deferred, the wits were compelled to grow tepid.

[4] Hinc et priscorum opuscula libros appellavit antiquitas: nam hodie quoque librum virentis ligni vocitamus exuvias. erat indecorum, fateor, doctos sermones committere tabulis impolitis et in veternosis ramalibus imprimere, quod sensualis poterat elegantia reperire. gravatis manibus paucis memoriam commonebat nec invitabatur plura dicere, cui se talis pagina videbatur offerre.

[4] Hence also antiquity called the opuscules of the ancients “books”: for even today we call the exuviae of green wood a “liber.” It was unseemly, I confess, to commit learned discourses to unpolished tablets and to imprint upon musty brushwood what a sensuous elegance could discover. With hands weighed down it admonished memory with a few things, nor was he invited to say more, to whom such a page seemed to offer itself.

sed hoc primordiis consentaneum fuit, quando rude principium tale debuit habere commentum, quod provocaret ingenia sequentium. invitatrix pulchritudo chartarum affluenter dicitur, ubi exceptionis subtrahi materia non timetur.

but this was consentaneous to the beginnings, when a rude beginning ought to have such a contrivance as would provoke the wits of those who followed. the inviting beauty of the sheets is called lavish, where one does not fear that the matter for exception be subtracted.

[5] Haec enim tergo niveo aperit eloquentibus campum, copiosa semper assistit et quo fiat habilis, in se revoluta colligitur, dum magnis tractatibus explicetur. iunctura sine rimis, continuitas de minutiis, viscera nivea virentium herbarum, scripturabilis facies, quae nigredinem suscipit ad decorem, ubi apicibus elevatis fecundissima verborum plantata seges fructum mentibus totiens suavissimum reddit, quotiens desiderium lectoris invenerit: humanorum actuum servans fidele testimonium, praeteritorum loquax, oblivionis inimica.

[5] For this, upon its snowy back, opens a field to the eloquent; copious, it always stands by, and, that it may become handy, rolled upon itself it is gathered, until in great tracts it is unrolled; a joining without rifts, a continuity from minutiae; the snowy entrails of green herbs; a writeable face, which receives blackness to its adornment, where, the apices being raised, the most fecund planted crop of words renders a most sweet fruit to minds as often as it shall have found the reader’s desire: preserving a faithful testimony of human acts, loquacious of things past, an enemy of oblivion.

[6] Nam memoria nostra et si causas retinet, verba commutat: illic autem secure reponitur, quod semper aequaliter audiatur. quapropter deputatam summam tot solidorum de Tuscia provincia illi subadiuuae ex illatione tertia te praebere censemus tertiae decimae indictionis rationibus imputandam, quatenus scrinium publicum integritatem fidei suae laudabili debeat perpetuitate servare. quod defectum inter mortalia nesciens annua cumulatione semper augescit, nova iugiter accipiens et vetusta custodiens.

[6] For our memory, even if it retains the causes, changes the words: but there is safely laid away that which is always heard in equal fashion. Wherefore we judge that you should furnish to that sub-adjutor from the province of Tuscia the assigned sum of so many solidi from the third exaction, to be imputed to the accounts of the thirteenth indiction, to the end that the public scrinium should preserve the integrity of its good faith with praiseworthy perpetuity. Which, knowing no defect among mortal things, always increases by annual cumulation, ever receiving new things and guarding the old.

XXXVIIII. VITALIANO V. C. CANCELLARIO LUCANIAE ET BRUTTIORUM SENATOR PPO.

39. THE SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PREFECT, TO VITALIANUS, A MOST DISTINGUISHED MAN, CHANCELLOR OF LUCANIA AND THE BRUTTIANS.

[1] Apparet, quantus in Romana civitate fuerit populus, ut eum etiam de longinquis regionibus copia provisa satiaret, quatenus circumiectae provinciae peregrinorum victui sufficerent, cum illi se ubertas advecta servaret. nam quam brevi numero esse poterat, qui mundi regimina possidebat!

[1] It is apparent how great the people was in the Roman commonwealth, such that even from far-distant regions a provisioned plenty might satiate it, to the end that the surrounding provinces might suffice for the sustenance of foreigners, while for it an abundance brought in was kept in reserve. For how small in number could he be who possessed the governance of the world!

[2] Testantur enim turbas civium amplissima spatia murorum, spectaculorum distensus amplexus, mirabilis magnitudo thermarum et illa numerositas molarum, quam specialiter contributam constat ad victum. hoc enim instrumentum nisi fuerit usuale, necessarium non habetur, quando nec ornatui potest proficere nec parti aliae convenire. denique haec quasi vestimenta pretiosa corporum ita sunt indicia civitatum, dum nullus adquiescit superflua facere, quae se novit magnis pretiis explicare.

[2] For the very ample spaces of the walls, the distended embrace of the spectacles, the wondrous magnitude of the baths, and that numerosity of mills—which is known to have been specially contributed to sustenance—bear witness to the crowds of citizens. For this instrument, unless it be usual, is not held necessary, since it can profit neither ornament nor suit any other function. Finally, these, like the precious garments of bodies, are thus indices of cities, since no one consents to make superfluous things which he knows will involve great expenses.

[3] Hinc enim fuit, ut montuosa Lucania sues penderet, hinc ut Bruttii boum pecus indigena ubertate praestarent. fuit nimirum utrumque mirabile, ut et provinciae tantae civitati sufficerent et sic ampla civitas earum beneficiis victualium indigentiam non haberet. erat quidem illis gloriosum Romam pascere: sed quanto dispendio videbatur posse constare adducere tam multis itineribus quae darentur ad pondus, dum quae probabantur decrescere nullus poterat imputare!

[3] Hence it was that mountainous Lucania would weigh out swine, and hence that the Bruttii would furnish herds of oxen by indigenous abundance. Both things were indeed remarkable: that the provinces should suffice so great a civitas, and that so ample a city, by their benefactions, should not have indigence of victuals. It was indeed glorious for them to feed Rome; but with how great an dispendium did it seem it could stand to bring, by so many itineraries, the things that were delivered by weight, since, as to whatever was proved to decrease, no one was able to impute it!

[4] Redactum est ad pretium, ubi pati non poterant detrimentum, quod nec itineribus imminuitur nec laboribus sauciatur. intellegant provinciae bona sua. nam si antiqui eorum fuerunt ad dispendia devoti, cur isti non sint ad compendia solvenda munifici?

[4] It has been converted to a price, where they could not suffer loss—a thing which is neither diminished by journeys nor wounded by labors. Let the provinces understand their own goods; for if their ancients were devoted to expenditures, why should not these be munificent in paying the savings to be rendered?

et ideo ambos titulos in assem publicum iam redactos diligentia tua statutis illationibus procurabit, ne meis temporibus neglegentes esse videantur qui alienis dignitatibus laudabili integritate paruerunt.

and therefore your diligence will see to it, by the stipulated contributions, that both titles, already reduced into ready cash for the public treasury, be provided, lest in my times those seem to be negligent who obeyed the dignities of others with laudable integrity.

[5] Nam licet et alias provincias studuerim reficere, nihil tamen in illis actum est quod voluerim vindicare. senserunt me iudicem suum et quibus privatus ab avis atavisque praefui, vivacius nisus sum in meis fascibus adiuvare, ut me agnoscerent retinere affectum patriae, quos in meis provectibus sentiebam propensa exultatione gaudere. pareant ergo non compulsione aliqua, sed amore, quando et hanc summam illis imminui, quae solebat offerri.

[5] For although I have also endeavored to restore other provinces, nevertheless nothing has been done in them which I would wish to vindicate. They perceived me as their own judge, and over those whom, as a private man, from my grandsires and great-grandsires I have presided, I have striven more vigorously, under my fasces, to aid them, so that they might recognize me as retaining the affection of the patria, those whom I felt rejoicing with ready exultation at my advancements. Let them therefore obey not by any compulsion, but by love, since I too have diminished for them this sum which used to be offered.

nam cum mille ducenti solidi annuis praestationibus solverentur, ad mille eos regia largitate revocavi, ut exultarent gaudiorum crementis de oneribus imminutis.

for since 1,200 solidi were being paid in annual prestations, I recalled them to 1,000 by royal largesse, so that they might exult with increments of joys from the burdens diminished.

XL. INDULGENTIA.

40. INDULGENCE.

[1] Quamvis nomen ipsum iudicis dicatum videatur esse iustitiae et totius anni orbitam aequitatis iubeamur ambulare vestigiis, his tamen diebus in domicilium pietatis iure deflectimus, ut ad redemptorem omnium remissionis itinere pervenire possimus. ex hac enim virtute suavissimos fructus legimus et remittendo aliis nobis parcimus. nam qui periculose iusti sumus, sub securitate semper ignoscimus.

[1] Although the very name of judge seems to be dedicated to justice, and we are commanded to walk the orbit of the whole year in the footsteps of equity, yet in these days we rightly bend toward the domicile of piety, so that by the path of remission we may be able to reach the redeemer of all. For from this virtue we gather the sweetest fruits, and by remitting to others we spare ourselves. For we, who are perilously just, with safety always forgive.

quapropter poenas abdicimus, tormenta damnamus et tunc vere iudices sumus.

Wherefore we renounce punishments, we condemn torments, and then we are truly judges.

[2] Macte, indulgentia, quae solvis et praesules. tu patrona humani generis, tu afflictis rebus medica singularis. quis tuo non egeat munere, cum sit peccare commune?

[2] Hail, Indulgence, you who unbind and preside. you, the patroness of the human race, you, a singular physician for afflicted affairs. who does not need your gift, since to sin is common?

ab universis necessario peteris, quando sub te spes vitae sumitur, quae sub iustitia non habetur. nam dum cum tribus aliis sororibus caelesti gratia perfruaris et amabili amplexatione nectamini, omnes tibi, quamvis et ipsae virtutes sint, honorabiliter cedunt, quando te humano generi salutiferam esse cognoscunt. sed quid tantum de terrena conversatione dicamus?

you are necessarily sought by all, since under you the hope of life is taken up, which under justice is not held. For while you, with three other sisters, enjoy celestial grace and are bound by an amiable embrace, all to you, although they themselves are virtues, yield honorably, since they recognize you to be salutary to the human race. But why should we speak so much about earthly conversation?

pietas est, quae regit et caelos. o si tecum liceret longis habitare temporibus! totus excluderetur reatus, et parcendo fieret ut parcere tolleretur.

piety is that which rules even the heavens. o if it were permitted to dwell with you for long times! all guilt would be excluded, and by sparing it would come about that the need to spare would be taken away.

[3] Sed providentissime tanta res sacris solum temporibus videtur esse concessa, ut gratius mundus acciperet, unde pro rerum novitate gauderet. quapropter abstine noxiam, lictor, securem, cui licet impune facere quod in aliis cognosceris vindicare: ama paulisper ferrum splendidum, non cruentum. catenas tuas lacrimis madidas felicior rubigo suscipiat: illud potius reconde, quod solebat includere.

[3] But most providently so great a matter seems to have been granted only to sacred times, so that the world might receive it more gratefully, whence it might rejoice at the novelty of things. Wherefore hold back, lictor, the noxious axe, you to whom it is permitted with impunity to do what you are recognized to punish in others: love for a little while the iron splendid, not blood-stained. Let a happier rust take up your chains soaked with tears: rather sheathe that which used to enclose.

auditoria feralium vocum meliore sorte mutescant. sic re vera nomen custodis sine mortibus alienis. quid semper inferis laboras?

Let the auditoria of deathly voices be muted by a better lot. Thus, in very truth, the name of a custodian stands without others’ deaths. Why do you always labor for the infernal powers?

aliquando et superis milita. otium tibi clemens actus indicit. qui iustitiae inexorabili excubat necesse est, ut eum pietas benigna discingat.

At times also be a soldier for the supernal gods. A clement act enjoins leisure upon you. He who keeps vigil for inexorable Justice—it is necessary that benign Piety un-gird him.

[4] Et ideo cella gemituum, tristitiae domus, apud superos Plutonis hospitium, locus perpetua nocte caecatus, tandem infusione lucis albescat: in quo non unum tormentum sustinet reus, qui antequam incurrat necis exitus, a superis probatur abscisus. primum pedor ille collega catenarum abominabili maerore discruciat: auditum alieni gemitus et lamenta conturbant: gustum ieiunia longa debilitant: tactum pondera prementia defetigant: lumina diutinis tenebris obtusa torpescunt. non est unum clausis exitium: multifaria morte perimitur, qui carceris squalore torquetur.

[4] And therefore let the cell of groans, the house of sadness, Pluto’s hostelry among those above, a place blinded by perpetual night, at length grow white by an infusion of light: in which the defendant sustains not one torment, who, before he runs into the issue of death, is deemed by those above to be cut off. First, that stench, the colleague of chains, excruciates with abominable grief: the hearing is disturbed by the groans and laments of others: long fasts debilitate the taste: pressing weights weary the touch: the eyes, dulled by long-enduring darkness, grow torpid. There is not one doom for the shut-in: he is destroyed by a many-formed death who is tormented by the squalor of prison.

[5] Nunc ergo reos de Averno tuo victuros emitte: redeant ad superos, qui ex magna parte inferos pertulerunt: atria tua vacuitatibus impleantur. locus ille perennium lacrimarum quondam tristes incolas perdat. non sunt inde qui laeti sunt: qui tunc profecto habebit gratiam, si desertus appareat.

[5] Now therefore send forth the accused from your Avernus to live: let them return to the upper-world, they who in great part have borne the underworld: let your atria be filled with emptiness. Let that place of perennial tears at last lose its sad inhabitants. There are not from there any who are joyful: which will then assuredly have favor, if it appear deserted.

exite, inclusi, vicina semper morte pallentes: redite ad lucem, quos caligantes tenebrae possidebant, nihil amplius optata morte passuri, nisi quod adhuc poteratis occidi.

come out, shut-in ones, paling with ever-near death: return to the light, you whom tenebrous, glooming darkness possessed, about to suffer nothing more beyond the desired death, save only that hitherto you could be killed.

[6] Sed vos, qui nulla debetis ambitione iam decipi, delicta derelinquite cum catenis, dierum beneficiis absoluti. vivite nunc honestate, qui didicistis superstites mori. cognoscite quam beneficialis sit bona conversatio: altera contulit teterrimum carcerem, haec novit splendidam tribuere libertatem: ista praestabit ut velis vivere, illa dedit ut eligeres iam perire.

[6] But you, who ought now to be deceived by no ambition, abandon sins along with the chains, absolved by the benefits of the days. Live now in honesty, you who have learned, surviving, to die. Recognize how beneficial good conversation (way of life) is: the other bestowed a most foul prison, this knows how to bestow splendid liberty: this will furnish that you wish to live, that one gave that you would already choose to perish.

si leges astringunt, ulterius vos nullus includit. secreta pavescite: ad forum sine trepidatione venite.

if the laws constrain, no one confines you further. dread the secret places: come to the forum without trepidation.

[7] Illa iuste refugitis, per quae tristia pertulistis. mirentur vos liberos, qui viderunt reos. odisse debetis quod vos tradidit neci.

[7] You rightly shun those things through which you endured sorrows. Let those who saw you as defendants marvel at you as free. You ought to hate that which delivered you over to death.

pecora ipsa vitare norunt, quae se laesisse cognoscunt: itinera illa non repetunt, ubi in foveam corruerunt. tenaces laqueos avis cauta declinat, haerentem viscum ales suspecta non insidet. pisceus lupus harenis se mollibus, ut plumbati lini insidias evadat, immergit: cuius ut superducta retia eius tergum frustra diraserint, alacer in undas exilit et vitati periculi gaudia liberatus agnoscit.

the herd-beasts themselves know to avoid what they recognize has harmed them: they do not repeat those routes where they tumbled into a pit. The cautious bird declines the tenacious snares; the winged creature, suspicious, does not sit upon the clinging bird-lime. The wolf-fish plunges itself into the soft sands, so that it may evade the ambushes of the lead-weighted line; and when the nets drawn over have in vain scraped its back, it leaps eager into the waves and, set free, acknowledges the joys of danger avoided.

[8] Scarus esca pellectus, cum iunceum carcerem coeperit introire, mox se ad exitium suum invitatum fuisse cognoverit, in caudam labitur, paulatim se ab angusto subducens. quem si alter eiusdem generis cognoverit inretitum, extrema eius mordicus trahit, ut qui sibi captus non potest subvenire, alterius solacio probetur evadere. sic et sauri argutum piscium genus a velocitate nominati cum se in insidias nexuosas impulerint, quasi quibusdam funibus aequabiliter illigati totis nisibus trahentes retrorsum socium conantur liberare captivum.

[8] The scarus, enticed by bait, when it has begun to enter a rush-woven prison, soon realizes that it has been invited to its own destruction; it slips back upon its tail, gradually withdrawing itself from the narrow place. If another of the same kind perceives it enmeshed, he drags its extremity with his teeth, so that he who, captured, cannot help himself may be proved to escape by the solace of another. Thus too the sauri, a keen/acute race of fishes, named from their velocity, when they have driven themselves into knotty snares, as if bound evenly by certain ropes, pulling backward with all their exertions, try to free a comrade in captivity.

plura sunt, si talia perquirantur. omnia enim, quae possunt habere contraria, facilis casus absumeret, si curam salutis propriae non haberent.

there are more, if such things be inquired into. for all things which can have contraries, an easy mishap would consume, if they did not have care for their own safety.

[9] Ad te, claustrorum magister, verba revocemus. patere poenale secretarium tuum innocenter esse secretum. torqueris quidem, quod nullus affligitur: a communibus gaudiis maestus exciperis, dum tibi soli non parcitur venia generali, lividae invidiae comparandus.

[9] To you, master of the bars, let us recall our words. Allow your penal secret-chamber to be innocently secret. You are indeed tormented, because no one is afflicted: you are excepted, gloomy, from the common joys, since to you alone the general pardon is not granted, to be compared with livid envy.

sustine de omnium securitate iacturam, qui habuisti de multorum afflictione laetitiam. sed ut tuos quoque gemitus consolemur, illos tibi tantummodo vindica, quos lex pietatis gratia non relaxat, ne, cum truculentis parceret, asperrima facinora levigaret. solvamur ergo cuncti saecularibus actibus implicati.

Endure a loss for the security of all, you who had joy from the affliction of many. But, that we may console your groans as well, reserve to yourself only those whom the law of piety does not relax by grace, lest, while it spared the truculent, it should soften the most heinous crimes. Let us therefore all, implicated in secular acts, be loosed.

patitur omnis homo periculosos nexus, quos festinet evadere. claustra reos dimittant: nos vincula improbae cogitationis absolvant.

every man endures perilous bonds, which he hastens to escape. let the prisons release the guilty: let us be released from the chains of wicked thought.