Ruaeus' Aeneid: Philadelphia MDCCCXXXII p. Ch. n.
Ruaeus' Aeneid•Philadelphia MDCCCXXXII p. Ch. n.
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Aeneis poema heroicum, sive epicum, ab Aenea Troiano, Veneris et Anchisae filio, Priami genero, nomen habet: non quod actiones illius omnes comprehendat, sed unam inter omnes praecipuam, scilicet regnum in Italia fundatum. Scripta est a Virgilio in gratiam, tum Romanae totius gentis, tum familiae imprimis Iuliae, quae originem referebat suam ad Iulum sive Ascanium, Aeneae filium ex Creusa Priami filia. In hanc porro familiam adscitus a Iulio Caesare avunculo fuerat Octavianus, tunc rerum potens, atque Egypto subacta, M. Antonio et Cleopatra interfectis, unus orbis Romani dominus. Scribi capta est, Anno U. C. 724 exeunte, Virgilii 40, Octaviani 33, (id est, 31 a. Ch. n.) cum Octavianus in Asia non longe ab Euphrate hiemaret; atque ita Virgilius post adhibitam Georgicis extremam manum, continuo animum Aeneidi videtur applicuisse; in eaque annos, ut habet Servius, undecim collocasse, quot ab eo tempore ad mortem Virgilii omnino numerantur. Secutus est Virgilius, ut in Bucolicis Theocritum, in Georgicis Hesiodum; ita in Aeneide Homerum, cuius Odysseam sex prioribus libris, Iliadem sex posterioribus, expressit, an etiam superavit? id vero ambigitur inter doctos.
Aeneid, a heroic, that is, epic poem, takes its name from Aeneas the Trojan, son of Venus and Anchises, son-in-law of Priam: not because it comprehends all his actions, but one among all the chief, namely the kingdom founded in Italy. It was written by Virgil for the favor, both of the whole Roman nation, and especially of the Julian family, which referred its origin to Iulus, or Ascanius, the son of Aeneas by Creusa, daughter of Priam. Into this family moreover Octavian had been adopted by his uncle Julius Caesar, then powerful over affairs, and, Egypt having been subdued, Mark Antony and Cleopatra having been slain, the sole lord of the Roman world. It began to be written at the close of the Year from the Founding of the City 724, in Virgil’s 40th, Octavian’s 33rd (that is, 31 B.C.), when Octavian was wintering in Asia not far from the Euphrates; and thus Virgil, after the final hand had been applied to the Georgics, seems straightway to have applied his mind to the Aeneid; and to have devoted to it, as Servius has it, eleven years, as many as are altogether counted from that time to the death of Virgil. Virgil followed, as in the Bucolics Theocritus, in the Georgics Hesiod; so in the Aeneid Homer, whose Odyssey in the first six books, the Iliad in the last six, he reproduced—or even surpassed? This indeed is disputed among the learned.
Liber I:
Propositione et invocatione
praemissis, narratio incipit a septimo Aeneae expeditionis anno, quo tempore,
Troianis e Sicilia in Italiam solventibus, Iuno tempestatem excitat conciliato
sibi Aeolo. Sedat tempestatem Neptunus. Naves Aeneae septem
in portum Africae se recipiunt, reliquis alio disiectis.
Book 1:
With the proposition and invocation premised, the narration begins from the seventh year of Aeneas’s expedition, at which time, as the Trojans were setting sail from Sicily to Italy, Juno excites a tempest, having conciliated Aeolus to herself. Neptune calms the tempest. Seven of Aeneas’s ships withdraw into a harbor in Africa, the rest scattered elsewhere.
Venus in the garb
of a huntress meets Aeneas, exploring the region with Achates. And with the
condition of Dido and of the region indicated, she sends both, veiled by a cloud, to Carthage.
There Aeneas, having entered the temple, first happens upon the pictures of the Trojan war,
then upon Dido, and upon his comrades, whom he had supposed overwhelmed by the waves, supplicating Dido. Aeneas
presents himself to view.
Liber II:
Narrat Didoni Aeneas
Troiani excidii seriem; ea est eiusmodi. Graeci decennali bello
paene fracti, dolo capere urbem constituunt. Fugam simulant;
circa Tenedum insulam latent; equum relinquunt in castris, foetum
intus militibus.
Book 2:
Aeneas narrates to Dido the series of the Trojan downfall; it is of such a sort. The Greeks, almost broken by a decennial war, determine to capture the city by deceit. They simulate flight; they lie hidden around the island of Tenedos; they leave a horse in the camp, pregnant within with soldiers.
When it had been brought into the city through the fraud of Sinon, to whom the death of Laocoön lent credence. By night, with its womb unbarred, the Greeks burst out. And with the army admitted, they ravage Troy with iron and fire. Aeneas is admonished in dreams by Hector to look to his safety by flight.
Aeneas, preferring death to flight,
with a mustered band, cuts down several Greeks. And having taken up their
arms, he is almost overwhelmed by the weapons of his own men. But with the royal palace ravaged, with Priam slain by the hand of Pyrrhus,
Aeneas returns home, entrusts the sacred things and the Penates to his father Anchises,
sets him upon his own shoulders; and with his son Ascanius and his wife Creusa,
he takes to flight.
Liber III:
Pergit Aeneas ennare
Didoni casus suos, quorum altera pars hoc libro continetur, nempe navigatio.
Aeneas incensa Troia, classe vidinti navium ad urbem Antandrum clam fabricata,
defertur in Thracim. Ubi cum urbem conderet, territus prodigio caesi
a Polymnestore rege Polydori, navigat in insulam Delum, consulturus oraculum
Apollinis. A quo monitus ut antiquam matrem exquireret, Anchisae
interpretatione Cretam esse insulam ratus, Troianae gentis originem, eo
contendit, urbemque novam aedificat.
Book 3:
Aeneas goes on to enarrate to Dido his misfortunes, the other part of which is contained in this book, namely the navigation. With Troy set aflame, a fleet of twenty ships secretly constructed at the city Antandrus, he is borne to Thrace. There, when he was founding a city, terrified by the portent of Polydorus, slain by King Polymnestor, he sails to the island Delos to consult the oracle of Apollo. By whom admonished to seek his ancient mother, and, by Anchises’ interpretation supposing that the island is Crete, the origin of the Trojan nation, he makes for that place and builds a new city.
But from there, driven away by a plague, warned
in dreams by the Penates, that Italy is truly the cradle of the Trojans, Italy
he seeks. On the journey, driven by a storm to the Strophades islands, he finds them infested
with Harpies, from one of whom he hears that he will not fix his seats in Italy
before he shall, compelled by hunger, consume the tables. Thence borne to the Actium
promontory, there he celebrates games.
Then, having made landfall in Epirus, he finds Andromache,
now the wife of Helenus, and, Pyrrhus being dead, ruling in Chaonia, the part of Epirus.
He hears from Helenus, both king and seer, that a dwelling-place has been prepared for him by the gods in Italy:
in that place where he should find a white sow that had borne thirty offspring. He is admonished
by that same man not to settle in the nearest part of Italy, for fear of the Greeks who had been scattered
thither by the winds; then not to cross the Sicilian strait, for fear of Scylla
and Charybdis; but, with his course bent toward the west, to go around Sicily.
Therefore, Epirus left behind, he has sailed past Tarentum, which is on the neighboring shore of Italy, and the part of Sicily
nearest to Mount Etna. From there he receives as a suppliant Achaemenides,
a comrade of Ulysses, and, taught by him about the savagery of the Cyclopes, with all the precepts of Helenus observed,
at last he gains Drepanum, a western harbor of Sicily,
where Anchises dies.
Liber IV:
Dido amores in Aenam
suos Annae sorori aperit. Eiusque consilio animum adiicit ad nuptias
Iuno, ut Aeneam ab Italia deducat, agit cum Venere de conciliandis inter
utrumque nuptiis. Aeneas ac Dido venatum abeunt, subortaque Iunonis
artibus tempestate, confugiunt in antrum.
Book 4:
Dido reveals her loves for Aeneas
to her sister Anna. By her counsel she inclines her spirit to nuptials.
Juno, in order to lead Aeneas away from Italy, negotiates with Venus about arranging nuptials between
the two. Aeneas and Dido go off to the hunt, and, a storm having arisen by Juno’s arts,
they take refuge in a cavern.
And in that same place the false and ill-omened conjugal union is consummated. Iarbas, king of the Getulians, son of Jupiter Ammon, a suitor of Dido, indignant that the newcomer was preferred to himself, complains gravely before Jupiter. Jupiter, moved both by his prayers and by the urgings of the fates, sends Mercury to Aeneas to order him to depart for Italy.
Secretly Aeneas prepares everything necessary for navigation; which Dido, suspecting this,
with prayers and tears tries to deter him from his undertaking, now by herself, now through her sister.
Aeneas, again admonished by Mercury in dreams, in the dead of night looses the anchors. Dido, unable to endure her grief,
mounting a pyre erected under the pretext of a magical sacrificial rite, with Aeneas’s very sword takes away her own life.
I. Sorori amorem aperit, v. 9
II. Dissuadet Aeneae profectionem, v. 305
III. Eidem multa exprobrat, et multa comminatur, v. 365
IV. Sororem adhibet apud Aeneam conciliatricem, v. 416
V. Desperatis omnibus, specie sacri magici, moriendi consilium sorori dissimulat,
v. 478
VI. Secum ipsa noctu varia consilia agitat, v. 534
VII. Fugientum Troianorum aspectu extremum furit, v. 590
VIII.
1. She reveals her love to her sister, v. 9
2. She dissuades Aeneas from departure, v. 305
3. To the same man she reproaches many things, and threatens many things, v. 365
4. She employs her sister with Aeneas as a conciliatrix, v. 416
5. All things despaired of, under the guise of a magical sacred rite, she dissimulates to her sister a plan of dying,
v. 478
6. By herself at night she agitates various counsels, v. 534
7. At the sight of the fleeing Trojans she rages in the extreme, v. 590
8.
Accusant Virgilium aliqui, quod ex Argonauticis Apollonii libro 4 multa decerpserit; quos damnat Scaliger: neque convenit argumentum, nisi hoc uno, quod hospitem hic Dido, illic Medea, suum ament. At nihil admodum, praeter comoparationes pauculas, inde excerptum est, qualia etiam nonnulla ex Calypsus et Ulyssis amoribus, Ody. lib. 5 tum ex Euripidis Medea et Hyppolyto, et Catulli carmine de Pelei nuptiis, excerpta sunt.
Some accuse Virgil of having plucked many things from Apollonius’s Argonautica, book 4; these Scaliger condemns: nor does the argument agree, except in this one respect, that here Dido, there Medea, love their guest. But hardly anything, beyond a few little comparisons (similes), was excerpted from there, of the sort of which some also were excerpted from the loves of Calypso and Ulysses, Ody. book 5, then from Euripides’ Medea and Hippolytus, and from Catullus’s poem on the nuptials of Peleus.
Liber V:
Aeneas, e Libya in
Italiam navigans, deflectere in Siciliam vi tempestatis cogitur;
ubi ab Aceste Troiano benevole exceptus; patri, quem illic superiore
anno mors abstulerat, anniversarium celebrat sacrum, ludosque quattuor,
cursum navalem, ac pedestrem, caestuum pugnam, sagittarum eiaculationem,
quibus addit Ascanius equestrem decursum. Interim Troianae mulieres,
Iunonis impulsu, hortatu Iridis, taedio navigationis, incendunt naves;
quarum quattuor exuruntur, ceterae immissa a Iove pluvia servantur.
Quare suadet Aenea Nautes, ut avecto secum iuvenum flore, senes ac mulieres
i Sicilia relinquat. Firmat id consilium Anchises in somnis.
Idemque suaded Aeneae ut appulsus in Italiam adeat Sibyllam; eaque
duce descendat ad inferos, ubi posterorum seriem et eventus docebitur.
Paret Aeneas patris monitis, et condita in Sicilia urbe Acesta, Neptuno
per Venerem conciliato, solvit in Italiam; quo in curso Palinurus
navis gubernator dormiens in mare excutitur.
Book 5:
Aeneas, sailing from Libya to
Italy, is compelled by the force of a storm to deflect into Sicily;
where he is benevolently received by Acestes the Trojan; for his father, whom death had carried off there the previous
year, he celebrates the anniversary sacred rite, and four games:
a naval race and a foot race, a boxing bout, and the discharge of arrows,
to which Ascanius adds an equestrian parade. Meanwhile the Trojan women,
at Juno’s impulse, at Iris’s exhortation, out of tedium of voyaging, set the ships on fire;
of which four are burned up, the rest are preserved by a rain sent in by Jove.
Wherefore Nautes advises Aeneas to leave in Sicily the old men and the women, with the flower of the youths carried off with him. Anchises, in sleep, confirms that plan.
The same also advises Aeneas that, upon making landfall in Italy, he should approach the Sibyl; and, with her as guide, descend to the underworld, where he will be taught the sequence of his posterity and the events.
Aeneas obeys his father’s counsels, and, the city Acesta founded in Sicily, with Neptune reconciled through Venus, he sets sail for Italy; on which course Palinurus,
the ship’s helmsman, while sleeping, is thrown into the sea.
Liber VI:
Reppulsus Aeneas
in Italiam ad Cumas, petit antrum Sibylla Deiphobes. Dumque varia
Phoebo in templo descripta contemplatur, iubetur victimas caedere. Peractisque
sacrificiis, consulit Sibyllam de futuris eventibus, deque decensu ad inferos.
Sibylla tria respondet: Bellum ab Italis instare gravissimum;
ramum aureum, inventu perdifficilem, adeunti inferos parandum esse;
denique unum ex amicis in litore mortem interim obisse.
Book 6:
Driven back, Aeneas
to Italy, to Cumae, seeks the cave of the Sibyl Deiphobe. And while he
contemplates the various things described in the temple to Phoebus, he is ordered to slaughter victims. With the sacrifices
completed, he consults the Sibyl about future events, and about the descent to the Underworld.
The Sibyl answers three things: that the gravest war from the Italians is imminent;
that the Golden Bough, most difficult to find, must be prepared by one going to the Underworld;
finally, that one of his friends has meanwhile met death on the shore.
Aeneas returns
to his own, he finds Misenus dead; while the wood is being cut down for erecting his pyre,
doves, the birds of Venus, lead Aeneas to the golden tree.
Here then, the funeral completed, and with nocturnal sacrifices having venerated at the Avernian cave
the divinities of the underworld, he descends to the underworld with the Sibyl as guide. He saw
there:
IV. In limine, Cerberum, canem, quem sopit obiecta offa.
V. Ultra limen, sedes varias, quas incolebant:
Infantes
Iniusta morte damnati
Propria manu perempti
Amantes, in quibus Dido
Bellatores, inter quos Deiphobus, alique Troiani et Graeci duces
VI. Ad sinistram, eminus carcerem vidit impiorum poenis destinatum, quem locum adire non possit; a Sibylla varia variorum supplicia edocetur, Gigantum, Salmonei, Lapitharum, Ixionis, Thesei, &c.
VII.
In the river itself, the Charonian ferryman, whom, quarreling with him about admission, he soothes at the sight of the golden bough.
4. On the threshold, Cerberus, the dog, whom he lulls to sleep with a proffered morsel.
5. Beyond the threshold, various abodes, which were inhabited by:
Infants
Condemned by unjust death
Slain by their own hand
Lovers, among whom Dido
Warriors, among whom Deiphobus, and other Trojan and Greek leaders
6. To the left, from afar he saw a prison destined for the punishments of the impious, a place which he cannot approach; by the Sibyl he is taught about the various punishments of various men, of the Giants, of Salmoneus, of the Lapiths, of Ixion, of Theseus, etc.
7.
VIII. Anchises multa de animarum natura iuxta Pythagorae documenta praefatus, clarissimum quemque posterorum ad usque Augustum ei ostendit.
With the path turned to the right, he came to the Elysian fields, where, having encountered many heroes and, by Musaeus, made more certain about the condition of the place and of its inhabitants, and about Anchises, he came upon Anchises himself.
8. Anchises, having premised many things about the nature of souls according to the doctrines of Pythagoras, showed to him each most illustrious of his posterity all the way to Augustus.
IX. Denique perlustratis omnibus, per eburneam somni portam Aeneas ad suos revertitur, et e Cumano litore, ad Caietanum navigat.(verba 260)
9. Finally, with all things surveyed, through the ivory gate of sleep Aeneas returns to his own, and from the Cumaean shore he sails to Caieta.(260 words)
Liber VII:
Aeneas e Cumano litore
ad occidentem provectus, tumulata in Auruncorum litore Caieta nutrice sua
praetergressus montem Circaeum, Circes habitatione et veneficiis infamem,
ad ostia Tyberis appellitur. Tunc Latinus illinc Aboriginibus imperabat.
Huic unica erat filia Lavinia, Fanni oracuis destinata externo marito,
Amatae tamen matris voluntate promissa Turno Rutulorum regi. Mittit
Aeneas oratores Laurentum, in urbem Latini regiam.
BOOK 7:
Aeneas, borne westward from the Cumaean shore, with his nurse Caieta buried on the shore of the Aurunci, having passed by Mount Circeius, infamous for Circe’s habitation and her witchcrafts, puts in at the mouths of the Tiber. Then Latinus there was ruling the Aborigines. To him there was a single daughter, Lavinia, destined by the oracles of Faunus for a foreign husband, yet by the will of her mother Amata promised to Turnus, king of the Rutulians. Aeneas sends envoys to Laurentum, into the royal city of Latinus.
Latinus admits Aeneas not only as an ally, but, mindful of the oracle, as a son-in-law. Meanwhile
Juno, offended by the prosperous affairs of the Trojans, calls forth Alecto from the infernal regions.
Alecto first so excites Amata, the wife of Latinus, that she, feigning the rites of Bacchus,
hides her daughter in the mountains. Then she drives Turnus with the same Furies into
war; and brings the Trojans and Latins into conflict with each other, when a stag, killed by Ascanius,
which was a delight to the daughter of Tyrrheus, the royal herdsman, was slain.. With all
clamoring for war, Latinus alone opposed; yet, with Juno herself opening the gates of war,
he is compelled to commit the matter to the Fates.
Liber VIII:
Turnus Venulum
ad Diomedem mittit, ut eum ad belli societatem alliciat. Aeneas,
Tyberini fluvii monitu, iter eodem consilio suscipit ad Evandrum, qui ex
Arcadia profugus in Palation monte consederat. Evander, sacris Herculis
tum intentus, Aeneam iisdem adhibet.
Book 8:
Turnus sends Venulus
to Diomedes, to entice him into a war‑alliance. Aeneas,
by the monition of the Tiberine river, undertakes a journey with the same plan to Evander, who,
an exile from Arcadia, had settled on the Palatine mount. Evander, then intent upon the rites of Hercules,
admits Aeneas to the same.
He explains their origin: namely the victory of Hercules over Cacus, once the notorious brigand of that region. Then he assists Aeneas with the succor of four hundred cavalry. Over these same he appoints Pallas, his son. He sends Aeneas to the Tyrrhenians—Mezentius having been expelled—who are asking for a king, with a sure hope of kingship and of assistance.
Aeneas on the next day, one part
of his forces having been sent back down with the favorable current to his own men, with the other he goes to the Tyrrhenians.
Meanwhile Venus brings to Aeneas his arms, forged by Vulcan: the shield
especially, on which Aeneas admires, engraved with wondrous art, the deeds to be nobly achieved hereafter by his Roman descendants. The chief place in that work is Augustus,
whose splendid victory over Antony and Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, and his triple triumph the poet describes more resplendently. (words 133)
Liber IX:
Aenea conquirendis
auxiliis apud Arcadas ac Tuscos occupato, Turnus admonetur a Iunone per
Iridem, ut in castrensia novae Troiae munimenta impetum faciat. Troianis,
ex Aeneae praescripto non egredientibus ad pugnam, Turnus eorum naves,
oppidi lateri admotas, parat incendere; sed illae, cum ex Idaeae
sylvae materia fabricatae olim fuissent, Idaeae matris beneficio mutantur
marinas in Nymphas. Tum nocte imminente, circa oppidum excubiae disponuntur.
Interim Troiani, de revocando per nuntios Aenea soliciti, dum inter se
consultant, Nisus et Euryalus, par nobile amicorum, ultro suscipiunt hanc
provinciam.
Book 9:
Aeneas, occupied with seeking
auxiliaries among the Arcadians and the Tuscans, Turnus is admonished by Juno through
Iris to make an assault upon the camp fortifications of the new Troy. The Trojans,
in accordance with Aeneas’s prescription not going forth to the fight, Turnus prepares to set fire to their ships,
brought up to the side of the town; but since they had once been fashioned from the timber of the Idaean
forest, by the favor of the Idaean Mother they are changed
into marine nymphs. Then, with night impending, sentries are posted around the town.
Meanwhile the Trojans, anxious about recalling Aeneas by messengers, while they
consult among themselves, Nisus and Euryalus, a noble pair of friends, unbidden undertake this
charge.
Lauded by Ascanius and dismissed, they make a great slaughter of the Rutulians by night. And, clad in their spoils, while they proceed further, they are slain by Latin horsemen who meet them. Their heads, fastened to spears and set up in the camp, are recognized from afar by the Trojans, and they arouse immense mourning in the town, especially in the mother of Euryalus.
Turnus renews the assault in the morning. Ascanius pierces Numanus, mocking with too much insolence, with an arrow sent from the walls. Elated by this success, Pandarus and Bitias throw open the gates, and drive back the approaching Rutulians with great slaughter. Turnus, an onrush having been made, at length bursts in, but the gates being closed, surrounded by a multitude of enemies, he gradually withdraws into that part of the town which the Tiber was washing, and, just as he was, armed, leaping down into the river, returns to his own by swimming. (words 182)
Liber X:
Iupiter advocato
Deorum concilio, frustra conatus Iunonem ac Venerem in concordiam adducere,
de Troianorum Rutulorumque rebus inter se dissidentes. Pronunciat
se neutrarum partium fore, sed fatis omnia permissurum. Rutuli ad
oppugnandum, Troiani ad defendendum urbem redeunt.
Book 10:
Jupiter, having convened the council of the gods, tried in vain to bring Juno and Venus into concord, they being at odds with each other about the affairs of the Trojans and the Rutulians. He declares that he will be on neither side, but will permit all things to the fates. The Rutulians return to attack, the Trojans to defend the city.
Aeneas, having tarried for several days in Etruria, the auxiliaries gathered there, returns to his own, augmented by a fleet of 30 ships. He meets nymphs on the journey, lately transformed from his own ships into that form. Made more certain by them about the peril of his people, at first light, having advanced into the sight of the enemy, he disembarks the army on the shore.
The Rutuli meet them: and once a grave combat has been joined,
Pallas is slain by Turnus; as Aeneas was avenging his death with great slaughter,
and Ascanius, a sortie having been made, had joined his forces to his father’s.
Juno snatches Turnus from present peril, having set before him a false image of Aeneas;
which, while he follows it fleeing all the way to the ship, the mooring-ropes having been broken by Juno,
he is swept by the force of a tempest to the shores nearest to Ardea. Mezentius, succeeding to the fight
in place of Turnus, and Lausus, the son of Mezentius, are slain by Aeneas. (words 148)
Liber XI:
Postera die victor
Aeneas de spoliis Mezentii trophaeum Marti eregit. Pallantis mortui
corpus magno apparatu ad Evandri urbem remittit, ubi summo patris luctu
excipitur. Latini oratores duodecim dierum inducias ab Aenea obtinent,
et interim uterque exercitus cadavera suorum supremis honoribus prosequitur.
Venulus, e Diomedis urbe redux, nullum inde spem esse auxilii, Latinis
refert.
Book 11:
The next day, victorious
Aeneas set up to Mars a trophy from the spoils of Mezentius. The body of dead Pallas
he sends back with great display to the city of Evander, where it is received with the utmost grief of the father.
The Latin envoys obtain from Aeneas a truce of twelve days, and meanwhile each army escorts the corpses of their own with the last honors.
Venulus, back from the city of Diomedes, reports to the Latins that there is from there no hope of aid.
King Latinus, deprived of that hope, with the council convened, judges that legates are to be sent to Aeneas about the conditions of peace. Drances adds to this opinion of the king many invectives against Turnus, the author of the war; which things Turnus takes bitterly, but refutes spiritedly. He professed himself prepared, by a single combat with Aeneas, to redeem the common peril.
While they were wrangling thus
it is announced that the Trojan army’s unencumbered cavalry are threatening Laurentum by level routes, and that Aeneas with the remaining troops is hastening to the same place through regions impeded by mountains.
Turnus, having learned Aeneas’s plan, likewise divides his own forces in two.
He sets cavalry under Camilla and Messapus against the Trojan cavalry. He himself with the rest seizes the mountain defiles, in order to overwhelm Aeneas by ambush. Diana, foreseeing Camilla’s death, since she cannot prevent it, provides at least for vengeance: the Nymph Opis is sent down from heaven to slay her assailant.
When the cavalry battle is joined, Camilla is slain by Aruns, and Aruns by Opis. Dismayed by Camilla’s death, the Rutulians take to flight.
Liber XII:
Fractis gemina pugna
Latinis, Turnus cum Aenea singulari certamine dimicare statuit. Solemni
sacramento conditiones certaminis foedusque a Latino, Aenea, Turnoque sancitur.
Foedus a Iuturna, Turni sorore, Iunonis impulsu disturbatur. Primusque
Tolumnius, falso augurio victoriam suis pollicitus, Troianos invadit.
Aeneas sagitta vulneratus excedere cogitur e proelio, quo absente maximam
stragem Turnus edit.
BOOK 12:
With the Latins broken by a twin battle, Turnus decided to contend with Aeneas in single combat. By a solemn sacrament the conditions of the contest and the treaty are ratified by Latinus, Aeneas, and Turnus. The treaty is disturbed by Juturna, Turnus’s sister, at Juno’s impulse. And first Tolumnius, having promised victory to his men by false augury, attacks the Trojans. Aeneas, wounded by an arrow, is compelled to withdraw from the battle; with him absent Turnus wreaks the greatest slaughter.
Venus heals Aeneas’s wound with the herb dittany. He, with his strength restored, having returned to the fight, calls Turnus out by name. But when Juturna, after shaking out Metiscus, Turnus’s charioteer, was steering his chariot and was turning it aside from an encounter with Aeneas, so that they could not come together at once. Aeneas, with the army moved up to the city’s walls, hurls fire onto the battlements. From this, Amata, thinking Turnus slain, takes her life by a noose. Turnus, lest the city come into the enemies’ power, returns to single combat. Aeneas and Turnus fight.