Gellius: NOCTES ATTICAE

I. Quali proportione quibusque collectionibus Plutarchus ratiocinatum esse Pythagoram philosophum dixerit de comprehendenda corporis proceritate, qua fuit Hercules, cum vitam inter homines viveret.
II. Ab Herode Attico C. V. tempestive deprompta in quendam iactantem et gloriosum adulescentem, specie tantum philosophiae sectatorem, verba Epicteti Stoici, quibus festiviter a vero Stoico seiunxit volgus loquacium nebulonum, qui se Stoicos nuncuparent.
III.

1. By what proportion and by what collections Plutarch said that the philosopher Pythagoras had ratiocinated about apprehending the stature of the body which Hercules had, when he lived a life among men.
2. From Herodes Atticus, a Consular Man, words of Epictetus the Stoic, timely drawn forth against a certain boasting and vainglorious youth, a follower of philosophy in appearance only, by which he wittily disjoined from the true Stoic the mob of loquacious good-for-nothings who styled themselves Stoics.
3.

Quod Chilo Lacedaemonius consilium anceps pro salute amici cepit; quodque est circumspecte et anxie considerandum, an pro utilitatibus amicorum delinquendum aliquando sit; notataque inibi et relata, quae et Theophrastus et M. Cicero super ea re scripserunt.
IV. Quam tenuiter curioseque exploraverit Antonius Iulianus in oratione M. Tullii verbi ab eo mutati argutiam.
V. Quod Demosthenes rhetor cultu corporis atque vestitu probris obnoxio infamique munditia fuit; quodque item Hortensius orator ob eiusmodi munditias gestumque in agendo histrionicum Dionysiae saltatriculae cognomento compellatus est.

That Chilo the Lacedaemonian adopted a two‑edged counsel for a friend’s safety; and that it is to be considered circumspectly and anxiously whether one ought sometimes to transgress for the utilities of friends; and noted there and reported are the things which both Theophrastus and M. Cicero wrote on that matter.
4. How finely and carefully Antonius Iulianus explored in a speech of M. Tullius the subtlety of a word altered by him.
5. That Demosthenes the rhetor, in grooming of body and attire, was liable to reproaches and to infamous finicalness; and likewise that the orator Hortensius, on account of such refinements and an actor‑like gesture in pleading, was addressed by the by‑name of the dancing‑girl Dionysia.

VI. Verba ex oratione Metelli Numidici, quam dixit in censura ad populum, cum eum ad uxores ducendas adhortaretur; eaque oratio quam ob causam reprehensa et quo contra modo defensa sit.
VII. In hisce verbis Ciceronis ex oratione quinta in Verrem "hanc sibi rem praesidio sperant futurum" neque mendum esse neque vitium, errareque istos, qui bonos libros violant et "futuram" scribunt; atque ibi de quodam alio Ciceronis verbo dictum, quod probe scriptum perperam mutatur; et aspersa pauca de modulis numerisque orationis, quos Cicero avide sectatus est.

6. Words from the oration of Metellus Numidicus, which he delivered during his censorship to the people, when he exhorted them to take wives; and for what reason that oration was criticized and in what way it was defended in reply.
7. On these words of Cicero from the fifth oration against Verres, "hanc sibi rem praesidio sperant futurum," that there is neither a mistake nor a fault, and that those err who violate good copies and write "futuram"; and there it is said about a certain other word of Cicero, which, though rightly written, is wrongly altered; and a few things sprinkled about the measures and numbers of oration, which Cicero eagerly pursued.

VIII. Historia in libris Sotionis philosophi reperta super Laide meretrice et Demosthene rhetore.
IX. Quis modus fuerit, quis ordo disciplinae Pythagoricae, quantumque temporis imperatum observatumque sit discendi simul ac tacendi.

8. A story found in the books of the philosopher Sotion concerning Lais the courtesan and Demosthenes the rhetor.
9. What the mode was, what the order of the Pythagorean discipline, and how much time was enjoined and observed for learning as well as for keeping silence.

X. Quibus verbis compellaverit Favorinus philosophus adulescentem casce nimis et prisce loquentem.
XI. Quod Thucydides scriptor inclutus Lacedaemonios in acie non tuba, sed tibiis esse usos dicit, verbaque eius super ea re posita; quodque Herodotus Alyattem regem fidicinas in procinctu habuisse tradit; atque inibi quaedam notata de Gracchi fistula contionaria.
XII.

10. With what words the philosopher Favorinus addressed an adolescent speaking too archaically and after too olden a manner.
11. That Thucydides, an illustrious writer, says that the Lacedaemonians in the battle-line used not the trumpet but pipes, and his words set down on that matter; and that Herodotus relates that King Alyattes had lyre-players in battle order; and therein certain notes about Gracchus’s assembly pipe.
12.

Virgo Vestae quid aetatis et ex quali familia et quo ritu quibusque caerimoniis ac religionibus ac quo nomine a pontifice maximo capiatur et quo statim iure esse incipiat simul atque capta est; quodque, ut Labeo dicit, nec intestato cuiquam nec eius intestatae quisquam iure heres est.
XIII. Quaesitum esse in philosophia, quidnam foret in recepto mandato rectius, idne omnino facere quod mandatum est, an nonnumquam etiam contra, si id speres ei, qui mandavit, utilius fore; superque ea quaestione expositae diversae sententiae.

What age a Vestal Virgin is to be, and from what kind of family, and by what rite and with what ceremonies and religious observances and under what name she is taken by the pontifex maximus, and with what legal status she immediately begins to be as soon as she has been taken; and that, as Labeo says, neither is she by law the heir of anyone who dies intestate, nor is anyone by law the heir of her if she dies intestate.
13. It has been inquired in philosophy what would be more correct in the case of an accepted mandate: whether to do in every respect what has been mandated, or sometimes even the contrary, if you expect that will be more useful to the one who mandated it; and on that question differing opinions have been set forth.

XIV. Quid dixerit feceritque C. Fabricius, magna vir gloria magnisque rebus gestis, sed familiae pecuniaeque inops, cum ei Samnites tamquam indigenti grave aurum donarent.
XV. Quam inportunum vitium plenumque odii sit futtilis inanisque loquacitas et quam multis in locis a principibus utriusque linguae viris detestatione iusta culpata sit.

14. What Gaius Fabricius said and did, a man of great glory and with great deeds accomplished, but poor in household resources and money, when the Samnites, as to a needy man, were presenting him with a weighty sum of gold.
15. How importunate a vice, and full of hatred, futile and empty loquacity is, and how in many places it has been censured with just detestation by leading men of both languages.

XVI. Quod verba istaec Quadrigari ex annali tertio "ibi mille hominum occiditur" non licenter neque de poetarum figura, sed ratione certa et proba grammaticae disciplinae dicta sunt.
XVII.

16. That these words of Quadrigarius from the third annal, "there a thousand men is slain," were said not licentiously nor from a poetic figure, but with a definite and approved rationale of the discipline of grammar.
17.

Quanta cum animi aequitate toleraverit Socrates uxoris ingenium intractabile; atque inibi quid M. Varro in quadam satura de officio mariti scripserit.
XVIII. Quod M. Varro in quarto decimo humanarum L. Aelium magistrum suum in etymologiai falsa reprehendit; quodque idem Varro in eodem libro falsum furis etymon dicit.

With what equanimity of mind Socrates endured the intractable temperament of his wife; and therein what M. Varro wrote in a certain satire on the duty of a husband.
18. That M. Varro, in the fourteenth book of the Human Antiquities, reproves his teacher L. Aelius for a false etymology; and that the same Varro in the same book says that the etymon of ‘fur’ is false.

XIX. Historia super libris Sibyllinis ac de Tarquinio Superbo rege.
XX. Quid geometrae dicant epipedon, quid stereon, quid kybon, quid grammen; quibusque ista omnia Latinis vocabulis appellentur.

19. History concerning the Sibylline books and about King Tarquinius Superbus.
20. What geometers call epipedon, what stereon, what kybon, what grammen; and by what Latin terms all these are named.

XXI. Quod Iulius Hyginus affirmatissime contendit legisse se librum P. Vergilii domesticum, ubi scriptum esset "et ora tristia temptantum sensus torquebit amaror", non quod volgus legeret "sensu torquebit amaro".
XXII. An qui causas defendit, recte Latineque dicat "superesse se" is, quos defendit; et "superesse" proprie quid sit.

21. That Julius Hyginus most emphatically contends that he read a domestic book of P. Vergilius, where it had been written “et ora tristia temptantum sensus torquebit amaror,” not what the common crowd read, “sensu torquebit amaro”.
22. Whether one who defends cases rightly and in correct Latin says “superesse se” to those whom he defends; and what “superesse” properly is.

XXIII. Quis fuerit Papirius Praetextatus; quae istius causa cognomenti sit; historiaque ista omnis super eodem Papirio cognitu iucunda.
XXIV.

23. Who Papirius Praetextatus was; what the cause of that cognomen is; and this whole history about the same Papirius, delightful to know.
24.

Tria epigrammata trium veterum poetarum, Naevii, Plauti, Pacuvii, quae facta ab ipsis sepulcris eorum incisa sunt.
XXV. Quibus verbis M. Varro indutias definierit; quaesitumque inibi curiosius, quaenam ratio sit vocabuli indutiarum.

Three epigrams of three ancient poets, Naevius, Plautus, Pacuvius, which, made by themselves, were incised upon their tombs.
25. With what words M. Varro defined a truce; and therein it was inquired more curiously, what the rationale of the word “indutiae” is.

XXVI. Quem in modum mihi Taurus philosophus responderit percontanti, an sapiens irasceretur.

26. In what manner the philosopher Taurus answered me when I inquired whether the wise man would grow angry.

CAPITVLA LIBRI SECVNDI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK TWO

I. Quo genere solitus sit philosophus Socrates exercere patientiam corporis; deque eiusdem viri temperantia.
II. Quae ratio observatioque officiorum esse debeat inter patres filiosque in discumbendo sedendoque atque id genus rebus domi forisque, si filii magistratus sint et patres privati; superque ea re Tauri philosophi dissertatio et exemplum ex historia Romana petitum.
III.

1. In what manner the philosopher Socrates was wont to train endurance of the body; and on that same man's temperance.
2. What the rule and observance of duties ought to be between fathers and sons, in reclining and sitting and matters of that kind, at home and in public, if the sons are magistrates and the fathers private citizens; and, on that topic, a discourse by the philosopher Taurus and an example taken from Roman history.
3.

Qua ratione verbis quibusdam vocabulisque veteres immiserint "h" litterae spiritum.
IV. Quam ob causam Gavius Bassus genus quoddam iudicii "divinationem" appellari scripserit; et quam alii causam esse eiusdem vocabuli dixerint.
V. Quam lepide signateque dixerit Favorinus philosophus, quid intersit Platonis et Lysiae orationem.

By what rationale the ancients inserted the aspiration of the letter "h" into certain words and vocables.
IV. For what cause Gavius Bassus wrote that a certain genus of trial is called "divination"; and what others said the cause of that same vocable to be.
V. How wittily and precisely the philosopher Favorinus declared what difference there is between Plato’s and Lysias’s oration.

VI. Quibus verbis ignaviter et abiecte Vergilius usus esse dicatur; et quid his, qui improbe id dicunt, respondeatur.
VII. De officio erga patres liberorum; deque ea re ex philosophiae libris, in quibus scriptum quaesitumque est, an omnibus patris iussis obsequendum sit.

6. By what words Vergil is said to have expressed himself cowardly and abjectly; and what is to be answered to those who say that improperly.
7. On the duty of children toward their fathers; and on this matter from the books of philosophy, in which it has been written and inquired whether obedience must be given to all a father’s orders.

VIII. Quod parum aequa reprehensio Epicuri a Plutarcho facta sit in synlogismi disciplina.
IX. Quod idem Plutarchus evidenti calumnia verbum ab Epicuro dictum insectatus sit.

8. That a not quite equitable reprehension of Epicurus was made by Plutarch in the discipline of the syllogism.
9. That the same Plutarch, with evident calumny, attacked a word spoken by Epicurus.

X. Quid sint favisae Capitolinae; et quid super eo verbo M. Varro Servio Sulpicio quaerenti rescripserit.
XI. De Sicinio Dentato egregio bellatore multa memoratu digna.
XII.

10. What the Capitoline favisae are; and what M. Varro wrote back to Servius Sulpicius, who was inquiring, about that word.
11. On Sicinius Dentatus, an excellent warrior, many things worthy of remembrance.
12.

Considerata perpensaque lex quaedam Solonis speciem habens primorem iniquae iniustaeque legis, sed ad usum et emolumentum salubritatis penitus reperta.
XIII. "Liberos" in multitudinis numero etiam unum filium filiamve veteres dixisse.

A certain law of Solon, considered and weighed, having at first appearance the aspect of an iniquitous and unjust law, but thoroughly found to be for the use and emolument of salubrity.
13. "Children" the ancients said, in the number of a multitude, even of a single son or daughter.

XIV. Quod M. Cato in libro, qui inscriptus est contra Tiberium exulem, "stitisses vadimonium" per "i" litteram dicit, non "stetisses"; eiusque verbi ratio reddita.
XV. Quod antiquitus aetati senectae potissimum habiti sint ampli honores; et cur postea ad maritos et ad patres idem isti honores delati sint; atque ibi de capite quaedam legis Iuliae septimo.

14. That M. Cato, in the book which is entitled Against Tiberius the Exile, says “stitisses vadimonium” with the letter i, not “stetisses”; and the rationale of that expression is set forth.
15. That in antiquity ampler honors were held chiefly for the age of old age; and why thereafter those same honors were conferred upon husbands and upon fathers; and there some matters about the seventh chapter of the Julian law.

XVI. Quod Caesellius Vindex a Sulpicio Apollinari reprehensus est in sensus Vergiliani enarratione.
XVII.

16. That Caesellius Vindex was reprehended by Sulpicius Apollinaris for his enarration of Vergilian sense.
17.

Cuiusmodi esse naturam quarundam praepositionum M. Cicero animadverterit; disceptatumque ibi super eo ipso, quod Cicero observaverat.
XVIII. Quod Phaedon Socraticus servus fuit; quodque item alii complusculi servitutem servierunt.

Of what sort Marcus Cicero noticed the nature of certain prepositions to be; and it was debated there about that very point which Cicero had observed.
18. That Phaedo the Socratic was a slave; and that likewise several others served in servitude.

XIX. "Rescire" verbum quid sit; et quam habeat veram atque propriam significationem.
XX. Quae volgo dicuntur "vivaria", id vocabulum veteres non dixisse; et quid pro eo P. Scipio in oratione ad populum, quid postea M. Varro in libris de re rustica dixerit.

19. what the word "rescire" is; and what true and proper signification it has.
20. the things commonly called "vivaria," that the ancients did not use that term; and what for it P. Scipio said in an oration to the people, what later M. Varro said in the books on rural affairs.

XXI. Super eo sidere, quod Graeci hamaxan, nos "septentriones" vocamus; ac de utriusque vocabuli ratione et origine.
XXII.

21. On that constellation which the Greeks call hamaxan, and we call "septentriones"; and on the rationale and origin of each word.
22.

De vento "iapyge" deque aliorum ventorum vocabulis regionibusque accepta ex Favorini sermonibus.
XXIII. Consultatio diiudicatioque locorum facta ex comoedia Menandri et Caecilii, quae Plocium inscripta est.

On the wind "Iapyx" and on the vocabularies and regions of the other winds, taken from the discourses of Favorinus.
23. A consultation and adjudication of places made from the comedy of Menander and of Caecilius, which is entitled Plocium.

XXIV. De vetere parsimonia; deque antiquis legibus sumptuariis.
XXV.

24. On ancient parsimony; and on ancient sumptuary laws.
25.

Quid Graeci analogian, quid contra anomalian vocent.
XXVI. Sermones M. Frontonis et Favorini philosophi de generibus colorum vocabulisque eorum Graecis et Latinis; atque inibi color "spadix" cuiusmodi sit.

What the Greeks call analogy, and on the contrary what they call anomaly.
26. Conversations of M. Fronto and Favorinus the philosopher about the kinds of colors and their vocabulary in Greek and Latin; and therein what sort the color "spadix" is.

XXVII. Quid T. Castricius existimarit super Sallustii verbis et Demosthenis, quibus alter Philippum descripsit, alter Sertorium.
XXVIII.

27. What T. Castricius judged concerning the words of Sallust and of Demosthenes, by which the one described Philip, the other Sertorius.
28.

Non esse compertum, cui deo rem divinam fieri oporteat, cum terra movet.
XXIX. Apologus Aesopi Phrygis memoratu non inutilis.

That it has not been ascertained to which god a divine rite ought to be performed when the earth quakes.
29. An apologue of Aesop the Phrygian, not useless to remember.

XXX. Quid observatum sit in undarum motibus, quae in mari alio atque alio modo fiunt austris flantibus aquilonibusque.

30. What has been observed in the motions of the waves, which in the sea occur in one way and another when the south winds and the north winds are blowing.

CAPITVLA LIBRI TERTII

CHAPTERS OF BOOK THREE

I. Quaesitum atque tractatum, quam ob causam Sallustius avaritiam dixerit non animum modo virilem, sed corpus quoque ipsum effeminare.
II. Quemnam esse natalem diem M. Varro dicat, qui ante noctis horam sextam postve eam nati sunt; atque inibi de temporibus terminisque dierum, qui civiles nominantur et usquequaque gentium varie observantur; et praeterea quid Q. Mucius scripserit super ea muliere, quae a marito non iure se usurpavisset, quod rationem civilis anni non habuerit.
III.

1. It was inquired and discussed for what reason Sallust said that avarice effeminates not only a manly spirit, but even the body itself.
2. What day of birth M. Varro says belongs to those who were born before the sixth hour of the night or after it; and therein about the times and boundaries of days, which are called “civil” and are variously observed everywhere among peoples; and besides, what Q. Mucius wrote concerning the woman who had not lawfully usucapted herself away from her husband, because she had not had regard to the reckoning of the civil year.
3.

De noscendis explorandisque Plauti comoediis, quoniam promisce verae atque falsae nomine eius inscriptae feruntur; atque inibi, quod Plautus et Naevius in carcere fabulas scriptitarint.
IV. Quod P. Africano et aliis tunc viris nobilibus ante aetatem senectam barbam et genas radere mos patrius fuit.
V. Deliciarum vitium et mollities oculorum et corporis ab Arcesila philosopho cuidam obprobrata acerbe simul et festiviter.

On recognizing and exploring the comedies of Plautus, since both genuine and spurious are indiscriminately circulated as inscribed with his name; and therein, that Plautus and Naevius kept writing plays in prison.
4. That for P. Africanus and other noble men then the ancestral custom was to shave the beard and the cheeks before old age.
5. The vice of luxury and the softness of the eyes and of the body, cast in reproach by the philosopher Arcesilaus at a certain man, both bitterly and wittily.

VI. De vi atque natura palmae arboris, quod lignum ex ea ponderibus positis renitatur.
VII. Historia ex annalibus sumpta de Q. Caedicio tribuno militum; verbaque ex originibus M. Catonis apposita, quibus Caedici virtutem cum Spartano Leonida aequiperat.

6. On the force and nature of the palm-tree, that the wood from it resists when weights are placed upon it.
7. A history taken from the annals about Q. Caedicius, tribune of the soldiers; and words set down from the Origins of M. Cato, in which he matches Caedicius’s virtue with the Spartan Leonidas.

VIII. Litterae eximiae consulum C. Fabricii et Q. Aemilii ad regem Pyrrum a Q. Claudio scriptore historiarum in memoriam datae.
IX. Quis et cuiusmodi fuerit qui in proverbio fertur equus Seianus; et qualis color equorum sit qui "spadices" vocantur; deque istius vocabuli ratione.

8. The outstanding letters of the consuls Gaius Fabricius and Quintus Aemilius to King Pyrrhus, recorded for remembrance by Quintus Claudius, a writer of histories.
9. Who and of what sort was the horse that is spoken of in the proverb as the Seian horse; and what color of horses those are who are called "spadices"; and about the rationale of that word.

X. Quod est quaedam septenarii numeri vis et facultas in multis naturae rebus animadversa, de qua M. Varro in hebdomadibus disserit copiose.
XI. Quibus et quam frivolis argumentis Accius in didascalicis utatur, quibus docere nititur Hesiodum esse quam Homerum natu antiquiorem.
XII.

10. That there is a certain force and faculty of the septenary number observed in many things of nature, about which M. Varro in the Hebdomads discourses copiously.
11. With what, and how frivolous, arguments Accius employs in the Didascalica, by which he strives to prove that Hesiod is older by birth than Homer.
12.

Largum atque avidum bibendi a P. Nigidio, doctissimo viro, nova et prope absurda vocabuli figura "bibosum" dictum.
XIII. Quod Demosthenes etiamtum adulescens, cum Platonis philosophi discipulus foret, audito forte Callistrato rhetore in contione populi destitit a Platone et sectatus Callistratum est.

One lavish and greedy for drinking was, by P. Nigidius, a most learned man, called “bibosus,” by a new and nearly absurd figure of the word.
13. That Demosthenes, still a young man, when he was a disciple of the philosopher Plato, having by chance heard the rhetorician Callistratus in a popular assembly, departed from Plato and followed Callistratus.

XIV. "Dimidium librum legi" aut "dimidiam fabulam audivi" aliaque huiuscemodi qui dicat, vitiose dicere; eiusque vitii causas reddere M. Varronem; nec quemquam veterem hisce verbis ita usum esse.
XV. Exstare in litteris perque hominum memorias traditum, quod repente multis mortem attulit gaudium ingens insperatum interclusa anima et vim magni novique motus non sustinente.

14. Whoever says “I read half a book” or “I heard half a play,” and other things of this sort, speaks improperly; and M. Varro renders the causes of that fault; and that no ancient used these words in that way.
15. That it exists in literature and has been handed down through the memories of men, that a vast and unhoped-for joy suddenly brought death to many, the breath being shut off and not withstanding the force of a great and novel emotion.

XVI. Temporis varietas in puerperiis mulierum quaenam sit a medicis et a philosophis tradita; atque inibi poetarum quoque veterum super eadem re opiniones multaque alia auditu atque memoratu digna; verbaque ipsa Hippocratis medici ex libro illius sumpta, qui inscriptus est peri trophes.
XVII.

16. What the variation of time in women’s childbirths is, as handed down by physicians and by philosophers; and therein also the opinions of the ancient poets on the same matter, and many other things worthy of hearing and remembering; and the very words of the physician Hippocrates taken from that book of his which is entitled peri trophes.
17.

Id quoque esse a gravissimis viris memoriae mandatum, quod tris libros Plato Philolai Pythagorici et Aristoteles pauculos Speusippi philosophi mercati sunt pretiis fidem non capientibus.
XVIII. Quid sint "pedari senatores" et quam ob causam ita appellati; quamque habeant originem verba haec ex edicto tralaticio consulum: "senatores quibusque in senatu sententiam dicere licet".
XIX.

That too has been committed to memory by most authoritative men: that Plato purchased three books of Philolaus the Pythagorean, and Aristotle purchased a few of the philosopher Speusippus, at prices beyond belief.
18. What “pedarian senators” are and for what cause they were so called; and what origin these words have from the traditional edict of the consuls: “the senators and all to whom in the Senate it is permitted to declare an opinion.”
19.

Qua ratione Gavius Bassus scripserit "parcum" hominem appellatum et quam esse eius vocabuli causam putarit; et contra, quem in modum quibusque verbis Favorinus hanc traditionem eius eluserit.

By what reasoning Gavius Bassus wrote that a "parcus" man was so named and what he thought to be the cause of that vocable; and, contrariwise, in what manner and with what words Favorinus flouted this tradition of his.

CAPITVLA LIBRI QVARTI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK FOUR

I. Sermo quidam Favorini philosophi cum grammatico iactantiore factus in Socraticum modum; atque ibi in sermone dictum, quibus verbis "penus" a Q. Scaevola definita sit; quodque eadem definitio culpata reprehensaque est.
II. Morbus et vitium quid differat; et quam vim habeant vocabula ista in edicto aedilium; et an eunuchus et steriles mulieres redhiberi possint; diversaeque super ea re sententiae.
III.

1. A certain discourse of the philosopher Favorinus with a more vaunting grammarian, fashioned in the Socratic mode; and there in the discourse it was said with what words “penus” was defined by Q. Scaevola; and that the same definition was blamed and reproved.
2. How disease (morbus) and defect (vitium) differ; and what force those terms have in the edict of the aediles; and whether a eunuch and barren women can be redhibited; and diverse opinions on that matter.
3.

Quod nullae fuerunt rei uxoriae actiones in urbe. Roma ante Carvilianum divortium; atque inibi, quid sit proprie "paelex", quaeque eius vocabuli ratio sit.
IV. Quid Servius Sulpicius in libro, qui est de dotibus, scripserit de iure atque more veterum sponsaliorum.

That there were no actions of res uxoria in the city of Rome before the Carvilian divorce; and therein, what precisely a "paelex" is, and what the rationale of that word is.
4. What Servius Sulpicius wrote in the book which is about dowries, concerning the law and custom of ancient betrothals.

V. Historia narrata de perfidia aruspicum Etruscorum; quodque ob eam rem versus hic a pueris Romae urbe tota cantatus est: "Malum consilium consultori pessimum est".
VI. Verba veteris senatusconsulti posita, quo decretum est hostiis maioribus expiandum, quod in sacrario hastae Martiae movissent; atque ibi enarratum, quid sint "hostiae succidaneae", quid item "porca praecidanea", et quod Capito Ateius ferias quasdam "praecidaneas" appellavit.
VII. De epistula Valerii Probi grammatici ad Marcellum scripta super accentu nominum quorundam Poenicorum.

5. A history narrated about the perfidy of the Etruscan haruspices; and that for this reason this verse was sung by boys through the whole city of Rome: "Bad counsel is worst for the counselor."
6. The words of an old senatus-consult set forth, by which it was decreed that expiation should be made with greater victims, because in the sacrarium the spears of Mars had moved; and there it is explained what "hostiae succidaneae" are, likewise what a "porca praecidanea" is, and that Capito Ateius called certain holidays "praecidaneae."
7. On a letter of Valerius Probus the grammarian written to Marcellus concerning the accent of certain Punic names.

VIII. Quid C. Fabricius de Cornelio Rufino homine avaro dixerit, quem, cum odisset inimicusque esset, designandum tamen consulem curavit.
IX. Quid significet proprie "religiosus"; et in quae deverticula significatio istius vocabuli flexa sit; et verba Nigidii Figuli ex commentariis eius super ea re sumpta.

8. What Gaius Fabricius said about Cornelius Rufinus, an avaricious man, whom, although he hated and was his enemy, nevertheless he took care that he be designated consul.
9. What "religiosus" properly signifies; and into what byways the signification of that vocable has been bent; and the words of Nigidius Figulus taken from his commentaries on that matter.

X. Quid observatum de ordine rogandarum in senatu sententiarum; iurgiumque in senatu C. Caesaris consulis et M. Catonis diem dicendo eximentis.
XI. Quae qualiaque sint, quae Aristoxenus quasi magis comperta de Pythagora memoriae mandavit; et quae item Plutarchus in eundem modum de eodem Pythagora scripserit.
XII.

10. What has been observed about the order of calling for opinions in the senate; and the quarrel in the senate of G. Caesar the consul and M. Cato, removing the day by speaking.
11. What and of what sort are the things which Aristoxenus, as if more ascertained, consigned to memory about Pythagoras; and likewise what Plutarch wrote in the same manner about the same Pythagoras.
12.

Notae et animadversiones censoriae in veteribus monumentis repertae memoria dignae.
XIII. Quod incentiones quaedam tibiarum certo modo factae ischiacis mederi possunt.

Censorial notes and animadversions found in ancient records, worthy of remembrance.
13. That certain incantations/tunes of the pipes, made in a fixed manner, can remedy sciatics.

XIV. Narratur historia de Hostilio Mancino aedilium et Manilia meretrice; verbaque decreti tribunorum, ad quos a Manilia provocatum est.
XV. Defensa a culpa sententia ex historia Sallustii, quam iniqui eius cum insectatione malign4 reprehenderint.

14. A story is told about Hostilius Mancinus, an aedile, and Manilia, a courtesan; and the words of the decree of the tribunes, to whom appeal was made by Manilia.
15. A sentence from the history of Sallust defended from blame, which his unfair critics have reprehended with malicious invective.

XVI. De vocabulis quibusdam a Varrone et Nigidio contra cotidiani sermonis consuetudinem declinatis; atque inibi id genus quaedam cum exemplis veterum relata.
XVII.

16. On certain vocables declined by Varro and Nigidius contrary to the custom of quotidian speech; and therein certain things of that sort related with examples of the ancients.
17.

De natura quarundam particularum, quae praepositae verbis intendi atque produci barbare et inscite videntur, exemplis rationibusque plusculis disceptatum.
XVIII. De P. Africano superiore sumpta quaedam ex annalibus memoratu dignissima.

On the nature of certain particles, which, when prefixed to verbs, seem, barbarously and unskillfully, to be stretched and prolonged, there was discussion with several examples and reasons.
18. Certain items taken from the annals concerning P. Africanus the elder, most worthy of remembrance.

XIX. Quid M. Varro in logistorico scripserit de moderando victu puerorum inpubium.
XX. Notati a censoribus, qui audientibus iis dixerant ioca quaedam intempestiviter; ac de eius quoque nota deliberatum, qui steterat forte apud eos oscitabundus.

19. What M. Varro wrote in the Logistoricus about moderating the diet of boys before puberty.
20. Those marked by the censors who had said certain jokes inopportunely in their hearing; and deliberation also about the censure of the one who had happened to stand before them yawning.

CAPITVLA LIBRI QVINTI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK FIVE

I. Quod Musonius philosophus reprehendit inprobavitque laudari philosophum disserentem a vociferantibus et in laudando gestientibus.
II. Super equo Alexandri regis, qui Bucephalas appellatus est.
III.

I. That the philosopher Musonius censured and disapproved of a philosopher, while discoursing, being lauded by people vociferating and exultant in their praising.
II. On the horse of King Alexander, which was called Bucephalus.
III.

Quae causa quodque initium fuisse dicatur Protagorae ad philosophiae litteras adeundi.
IV. De verbo "duovicesimo", quod volgo incognitum, set a viris doctis multifariam in libris scriptum est.
V. Cuiusmodi ioco incavillatus sit Antiochum regem Poenus Hannibal.

What cause and what inception is said to have led Protagoras to approach the letters of philosophy.
4. On the word "duovicesimo", which is unknown to the common crowd, but has been written multifariously in books by learned men.
5. With what sort of jest the Carthaginian Hannibal mocked King Antiochus.

VI. De coronis militaribus; quae sit earum triumphalis, quae obsidionalis, quae civica, quae muralis, quae castrensis, quae navalis, quae ovalis, quae oleaginea.
VII. "Personae" vocabulum quam lepide interpretatus sit quamque esse vocis eius originem dixerit Gavius Bassus.

6. On military crowns; which among them is the triumphal, which the obsidional, which the civic, which the mural, which the camp-crown (castrensian), which the naval, which the oval (ovational), which the oleaginous (of olive).
7. How deftly Gavius Bassus interpreted the word "Personae," and what he said was the origin of that word.

VIII. Defensus error a Vergilii versibus, quos arguerat Iulius Hyginus grammaticus; et ibidem, quid sit lituus; deque etymologiai vocis eius.
IX. Historia de Croesi filio sumpta ex Herodoti libris.

8. An error defended by Vergil’s verses, which Julius Hyginus the grammarian had accused; and in the same place, what a lituus is; and about the etymology of that word.
9. A story about the son of Croesus taken from the books of Herodotus.

X. De argumentis, quae Graece antistrephonta appellantur, a nobis "reciproca" dici possunt.
XI. Biantis de re uxoria syllogismum non posse videri antistrephein.
XII.

10. On arguments which in Greek are called antistrephonta, which by us can be called "reciprocals."
11. That Bias’s syllogism about the matter of a wife (marriage) cannot seem to be convertible (antistrephein).
12.

De nominibus deorum populi Romani Diovis et Vediovis.
XIII. De officiorum gradu atque ordine moribus populi Romani observato.

On the names of the gods of the Roman people, Diovis and Vediovis.
13. On the rank and order of offices as observed by the customs of the Roman people.

XIV. Quod Apion, doctus homo, qui Plistonices appellatus est, vidisse se Romae scripsit recognitionem inter sese mutuam ex vetere notitia hominis et leonis.
XV. Corpusne sit vox an asomaton, varias esse philosophorum sententias.

14. That Apion, a learned man, who was called Plistonices, wrote that he had seen at Rome a mutual recognition, from former acquaintance, between a man and a lion.
15. Whether voice is a body or incorporeal (asōmaton), the opinions of philosophers are various.

XVI. De vi oculorum deque videndi rationibus.
XVII.

16. On the power of the eyes and on the theories of seeing.
17.

Quam ob causam dies primi post kalendas, Nonas, Idus atri habeantur; et cur diem quoque quartum ante Kalendas vel Nonas vel Idus quasi religiosum plerique vitent.
XVIII. An quid et quantum differat historia ab annalibus; superque ea re verba posita ex libro rerum gestarum Sempronii Asellionis primo.

For what cause the first days after the Kalends, the Nones, the Ides are held to be black; and why most likewise avoid the fourth day before the Kalends or the Nones or the Ides as if “religious.”
18. Whether and how much history differs from annals; and on that matter words set down from the first book of the “Rerum Gestarum” of Sempronius Asellio.

XIX. Quid sit adoptatio, quid item sit adrogatio, quantumque haec inter se differant; verbaque eius quae qualiaque sint, qui in liberis adrogandis super ea re populum rogat.
XX. Quod vocabulum Latinum soloecismo fecerit Capito Sinnius, quid autem id ipsum appellaverint veteres Latini; quibusque verbis soloecismum definierit idem Capito Sinnius.

19. What adoption is, what likewise adrogation is, and how far these differ from one another; and what the words are, and of what sort, of him who, in adrogating children, asks the people concerning that matter.
20. What Latin vocable Capito Sinnius made for “solecism,” and what that very thing the ancient Latins called; and with what words that same Capito Sinnius defined a solecism.

XXI. "Pluria" qui dicat et "compluria" et "compluriens", non barbare dicere, sed Latine.

21. One who says "pluria" and "compluria" and "compluriens" does not speak barbarously, but in Latin.

CAPITVLA LIBRI SEXTI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK SIX

I. Admiranda quaedam ex annalibus sumpta de P. Africano superiore.
II. De Caeselli Vindicis pudendo errore, quem offendimus in libris eius, quos inscripsit lectionum antiquarum.
III.

1. Certain admirable things taken from the annals concerning Publius Scipio Africanus the Elder.
2. On the shameful error of Caesellius Vindex, which we encountered in his books, which he entitled “Ancient Readings.”
3.

Quid Tiro Tullius, Ciceronis libertus, reprehenderit in M. Catonis oratione, quam pro Rhodiensibus in senatu dixit; et quid ad ea, quae reprehenderat, responderimus.
IV. Cuiusmodi servos et quam ob causam Caelius Sabinus, iuris civilis auctor, pilleatos venundari solitos scripserit; et quae mancipia sub corona more maiorum venierint; atque id ipsum "sub corona" quid sit.
V. Historia de Polo histrione memoratu digna.

What Tiro Tullius, Cicero’s freedman, found fault with in M. Cato’s speech, which he delivered in the senate on behalf of the Rhodians; and what we have replied to those points which he had criticized.
4. What kind of slaves and for what reason Caelius Sabinus, an authority on civil law, wrote were accustomed to be sold wearing the pilleus (felt cap); and which slaves were sold sub corona according to ancestral custom; and what that very phrase “sub corona” means.
5. A history about the actor Polus, worthy of remembrance.

VI. Quid de quorundam sensuum naturali defectione Aristoteles scripserit.
VII. An "affatim", quasi "admodum", prima acuta pronuntiandum sit; et quaedam itidem non incuriose tractata super aliarum vocum accentibus.

6. What Aristotle wrote about the natural defect of certain senses.
7. Whether "affatim," as if "admodum," ought to be pronounced with the first syllable acute; and certain matters likewise not incuriously handled concerning the accents of other words.

VIII. Res ultra fidem tradita super amatore delphino et puero amato.
IX. "Peposci" et "memordi", "pepugi" et "spepondi" et "cecurri" plerosque veterum dixisse, non, uti postea receptum est dicere, per "o" aut per "u" litteram in prima syllaba positam, atque id eos Graecae rationis exemplo dixisse; praeterea notatum, quod viri non indocti neque ignobiles a verbo "descendo" non "descendi", sed "descendidi" dixerunt.

8. A matter handed down beyond belief concerning a lover-dolphin and the beloved boy.
9. That most of the ancients said “peposci” and “memordi,” “pepugi” and “spepondi” and “cecurri,” not, as it was afterward received to say, with the letter “o” or “u” set in the first syllable; and that they said this by the example of Greek analogy; moreover it has been noted that men not unlearned nor ignoble, from the verb “descendo,” said not “descendi,” but “descendidi.”

X. Vt "ususcapio" copulate recto vocabuli casu dicitur, ita "pignoriscapio" coniuncte eadem vocabuli forma dictum esse.
XI. Neque "levitatem" neque "nequitiam" ea significatione esse, qua in vulgi sermonibus dicuntur.
XII.

10. As "usucapion" is said coupled, with the word in the direct (nominative) case, so "pignoriscapion" likewise was said conjoined, in the same form of the word.
11. Neither "levity" nor "nequity" has the signification which they have in common speech.
12.

De tunicis chirodytis; quod earum usum P. Africanus Sulpicio Galo obiecit.
XIII. Quem "classicum" dicat M. Cato, quem "infra classem".
XIV.

On chirodyte tunics; that P. Africanus reproached Sulpicius Gallus for their use.
13. Whom M. Cato calls "classicus," whom "infra classem".
14.

De tribus dicendi generibus; ac de tribus philosophis, qui ab Atheniensibus ad senatum Romam legati sunt.
XV. Quam severe moribus maiorum in fures vindicatum sit; et quid scripserit Mucius Scaevola super eo, quod servandum datum commodatumve esset.
XVI.

On the three kinds of speaking; and on the three philosophers who were sent as envoys by the Athenians to the senate at Rome.
15. How severely, by the customs of the ancestors, vengeance was exacted upon thieves; and what Mucius Scaevola wrote concerning that which had been given to be kept or lent for use.
16.

Locus exscriptus ex satura M. Varronis, quae peri edesmaton inscripta est, de peregrinis ciborum generibus; et appositi versus Euripidi, quibus delicatorum hominum luxuriantem gulam confutavit.
XVII. Sermo habitus cum grammatico insolentiarum et inperitiarum pleno de significatione vocabuli, quod est "obnoxius"; deque eius vocis origine.

A locus transcribed from a satire of M. Varro, which is inscribed Peri Edesmaton, about foreign kinds of foods; and verses of Euripides appended, by which he confuted the luxuriant gullet of dainty men.
17. A discourse held with a grammarian full of insolences and ignorances about the signification of the vocable that is “obnoxius”; and about the origin of that word.

XVIII. De observata custoditaque apud Romanos iurisiurandi sanctimonia; atque inibi de decem captivis, quos Romam Hannibal deiurio ab his accepto legavit.
XIX.

18. On the observed and safeguarded sanctity of the oath among the Romans; and therein about the ten captives, whom Hannibal, after receiving from them a perjurious oath, sent as envoys to Rome.
19.

Historia ex annalibus sumpta de Tiberio Graccho, Gracchorum patre, tribuno plebis; atque inibi tribunicia decreta cum ipsis verbis relata.
XX. Quod Vergilius a Nolanis ob aquam sibi non permissam sustulit e versu suo "Nolam" et posuit "oram"; atque ibi quaedam alia de iucunda consonantia litterarum.
XXI.

A history taken from the annals about Tiberius Gracchus, the father of the Gracchi, tribune of the plebs; and therein the tribunician decrees reported in the very words.
20. That Vergil, by the Nolans, because water was not permitted to him, removed from his verse "Nolam" and put "oram"; and there some other things about the pleasant consonance of letters.
21.

"Quoad vivet" "quoad"que "morietur" cur id ipsum temporis significent, cum ex duobus sint facta contrariis.
XXII. Quod censores equum adimere soliti sunt equitibus corpulentis et praepinguibus; quaesitumque, utrum ea res cum ignominia an incolumi dignitate equitum facta sit.

"As long as he will live" and "as long as" "he will die"—why do they signify that very same point of time, since they are formed from two contraries.
XXII. That the censors were accustomed to take away the horse from corpulent and very-fat equestrians; and it was inquired whether that matter was done with ignominy or with the dignity of the equestrians intact.

CAPITVLA LIBRI SEPTIMI

CHAPTERS OF THE SEVENTH BOOK

I. Quem in modum responderit Chrysippus adversum eos, qui providentiam consistere negaverunt.
II. Quo itidem modo et vim necessitatemque fati constituerit et esse tamen in nobis consilii iudiciique nostri arbitrium confirmaverit.
III.

1. In what manner Chrysippus replied against those who denied that providence subsists.
2. In what likewise way he both established the force and necessity of fate and yet confirmed that the arbitrament of our counsel and judgment is in us.
3.

Historia sumpta ex libris Tuberonis de serpente invisitatae longitudinis.
IV. Quid idem Tubero novae historiae de Atilio Regulo a Carthaginiensibus capto litteris mandaverit; quid etiam Tuditanos super eodem Regulo scripserit.
V. Quod Alfenus iureconsultus in verbis veteribus interpretandis erravit.

A history taken from the books of Tubero about a serpent of unwonted length.
IV. What the same Tubero committed to letters as a new history about Atilius Regulus captured by the Carthaginians; what also Tuditanus wrote concerning that same Regulus.
V. That Alfenus the jurisconsult erred in interpreting ancient words.

VI. Temere inepteque reprehensum esse a Iulio Hygino Vergilium, quod "praepetes" Daedali pennas dixit; atque inibi, quid sint aves praepetes et quid illae sint aves, quas Nigidius "inferas" appellavit.
VII. De Acca Larentia et Gaia Taracia; deque origine sacerdotii fratrum arvalium.

6. That Vergil was rashly and ineptly reprehended by Julius Hyginus, because he called Daedalus’s wings "praepetes"; and therein, what birds are praepetes and what birds are those which Nigidius called "inferas."
7. On Acca Larentia and Gaia Taracia; and on the origin of the priesthood of the Arval Brethren.

VIII. Notata quaedam de rege Alexandro et de P. Scipione memoratu digna.
IX. Locus exemptus ex annalibus L. Pisonis historiae et orationis lepidissimae.

8. Certain notes about King Alexander and about P. Scipio, worthy of remembrance.
9. A passage excerpted from the annals of L. Piso, of the most charming history and oration.

X. Historia super Euclida Socratico, cuius exemplo Taurus philosophus hortari adulescentes suos solitus ad philosophiam naviter sectandam.
XI. Verba ex oratione Q. Metelli Numidici, quae libuit meminisse, ad officium gravitatis dignitatisque vitae ducentia.
XII.

10. History about Euclides the Socratic, by whose example the philosopher Taurus was accustomed to exhort his adolescents to follow philosophy diligently.
11. Words from the oration of Q. Metellus Numidicus, which it pleased me to recall, leading to the duty of a life of gravitas and dignity.
12.

Quod neque "testamentum", sicuti Servius Sulpicius existimavit, neque "sacellum", sicuti C. Trebatius, duplicia verba sunt, sed a testatione productum alterum, alterum a sacro imminutum.
XIII. De quaestiunculis apud Taurum philosophum in convivio agitatis, quae "sympoticae" vocantur.

That neither “testamentum,” as Servius Sulpicius supposed, nor “sacellum,” as C. Trebatius [supposed], are “double” words, but the one is produced from testatio (attestation), the other diminished from sacrum (sacred).
13. On the little questions debated at a banquet in the company of the philosopher Taurus, which are called “sympotic.”

XIV. Poeniendis peccatis tres esse rationes a philosophis attributas; et quamobrem Plato duarum ex his meminerit, non trium.
XV. De verbo "quiesco", an "e" littera corripi an produci debeat.

XIV. For punishing sins, three reasons have been attributed by the philosophers; and why Plato has made mention of two of these, not three.
XV. On the word "quiesco," whether the letter "e" ought to be shortened or lengthened.

XVI. Verbum "deprecor" a poeta Catullo inusitate quidem, sed apte positum et proprie; deque ratione eius verbi exemplisque veterum scriptorum.
XVII.

16. The verb "deprecor" used by the poet Catullus, indeed unusually, yet aptly and properly; and concerning the rationale of that word and examples of ancient writers.
17.

Quis omnium primus libros publice praebuerit legendos; quantusque numerus fuerit Athenis ante clades Persicas librorum in bibliothecis publicorum.

Who of all was the first to furnish books publicly for reading; and how great the number of books was at Athens, before the Persian disasters, in the public libraries.

CAPITVLA LIBRI OCTAVI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK EIGHT

I. "Hesterna noctu" rectene an cum vitio dicatur et quaenam super istis verbis grammatica traditio sit; item quod decemviri in XII tabulis "nox" pro "noctu" dixerunt.
II. Quae mihi decem verba ediderit Favorinus, quae usurpentur quidem a Graecis, sed sint adulterina et barbara; quae item a me totidem acceperit, quae ex medio communique usu Latine loquentium minime Latina sint neque in veterum libris reperiantur.
III.

1. Whether “hesterna noctu” is said rightly or with a fault, and what the grammatical tradition is concerning those words; likewise that the decemvirs in the 12 Tables said “nox” instead of “noctu.”
2. The ten words which Favorinus set forth to me, which indeed are employed by the Greeks but are adulterine and barbarous; likewise the same number which he received from me, which, though from the middle and common usage of Latin‑speakers, are least Latin and are not found in the books of the ancients.
3.

Quem in modum et quam severe increpuerit audientibus nobis Peregrinus philosophus adulescentem Romanum ex equestri familia stantem segnem apud se et assidue oscitantem.
IV. Quod Herodotus, scriptor historiae memoratissimus, parum vere dixerit unam solamque pinum arborum omnium caesam numquam denuo ex iisdem radicibus pullulare; et quod item de aqua pluviali et nive rem non satis exploratam pro comperta posuerit.
V. Quid illud sit, quod Vergilius "caelum stare pulvere", et quod Lucilius "pectus sentibus stare" dixit.

In what manner and how severely the philosopher Peregrinus rebuked, as we were listening, a Roman adolescent from an equestrian family standing sluggish in his presence and constantly yawning.
4. That Herodotus, a most renowned writer of history, said with too little truth that the pine alone, of all trees, when felled never again sprouts anew from the same roots; and likewise that he set forth as ascertained a matter not sufficiently explored about rainwater and snow.
5. What that is which Vergil meant by "caelum stare pulvere," and which Lucilius meant by "pectus sentibus stare."

VI. Cum post offensiunculas in gratiam redeatur, expostulationes fieri mutuas minime utile esse, superque ea re et sermo Tauri expositus et verba ex Theophrasti libro sumpta; et quid M. quoque Cicero de amore amicitiae senserit, cum ipsius verbis additum.
VII. Ex Aristotelis libro, qui peri mnemes inscriptus est, cognita acceptaque de natura memoriae et habitu; atque inibi alia quaedam de exuberantia aut interitu eius lecta auditaque.

6. When, after slight offenses, there is a return into favor, mutual expostulations are by no means useful; and on that matter both a discourse of Taurus is set forth and words taken from a book of Theophrastus; and what M. Cicero also thought about the love of friendship, added with his own words.
7. From Aristotle’s book, which is entitled peri mnemes (On Memory), things learned and received about the nature and disposition of memory; and therein certain other matters about its exuberance or its extinction were read and heard.

VIII. Quid mihi usu venerit, interpretari et quasi effingere volenti locos quosdam Platonicos Latina oratione.
IX. Quod Theophrastus philosophus omnis suae aetatis facundissimus verba pauca ad populum Atheniensem facturus deturbatus verecundia obticuerit; quodque idem hoc Demostheni apud Philippum regem verba facienti evenerit.

8. What befell me in experience, when I wished to interpret and, as it were, to fashion certain Platonic passages in Latin speech.
9. That Theophrastus the philosopher, the most eloquent of his entire age, when about to address a few words to the Athenian people, being cast down by modesty fell silent; and that this same thing befell Demosthenes also when speaking before King Philip.

X. Qualis mihi fuerit in oppido Eleusino disceptatio cum grammatico quodam praestigioso tempora verborum et puerilia meditamenta ignorante, remotarum autem quaestionum nebulas et formidines capiendis imperitorum animis ostentante.
XI. Quam festive responderit Xanthippae uxori Socrates petenti, ut per Dionysia largiore sumptu cenitarent.
XII.

10. What sort of debate I had in the town of Eleusis with a certain prestidigitating grammarian, ignorant of the tenses of verbs and childish exercises, but parading the mists and bugbears of far-fetched questions to seize the minds of the unskilled.
11. How wittily Socrates answered his wife Xanthippe when she asked that they dine at greater expense during the Dionysia.
12.

Quid significet in veterum libris scriptum "plerique omnes"; et quod ea verba accepta a Graecis videntur.
XIII. "Cupsones", quod homines Afri dicunt, non esse verbum Poenicum, sed Graecum.

What the phrase "plerique omnes" written in the books of the ancients signifies; and that those words seem to have been received from the Greeks.
13. "Cupsones," which the Africans say, is not a Punic word, but a Greek one.

XIV. Lepidissima altercatio Favorini philosophi adversus quendam intempestivum de ambiguitate verborum disserentem; atque inibi verba quaedam ex Naevio poeta et Cn. Gellio non usitate collocata; atque ibidem a P. Nigidio origines vocabulorum exploratae.
XV. Quibus modis ignominiatus tractatusque sit a C. Caesare Laberius poeta; atque inibi appositi versus super eadem re eiusdem Laberii.

14. A most delightful altercation of the philosopher Favorinus against a certain untimely man discoursing on the ambiguity of words; and therein certain words from the poet Naevius and Cn. Gellius placed in an uncustomary position; and in the same place the origins of vocables explored by P. Nigidius.
15. By what modes the poet Laberius was ignominiously treated by C. Caesar; and therein verses appended on the same matter by that same Laberius.

CAPITVLA LIBRI NONI

CHAPTER-HEADINGS OF BOOK NINE

I. Quamobrem Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius in undevicesimo annali scripserit rectiores certioresque ictus fieri, si sursum quid mittas, quam si deorsum.
II. Qualibus verbis notarit Herodes Atticus falso quempiam cultu amictuque nomen habitumque philosophi ementientem.
III.

1. For what reason Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius wrote in the nineteenth annal that blows are straighter and surer if you aim upward rather than downward.
2. With what words Herodes Atticus branded someone who, with false attire and cloak, was counterfeiting the name and habit of a philosopher.
3.

Epistula Philippi regis ad Aristotelem philosophum super Alexandro recens nato.
IV. De barbararum gentium prodigiosis miraculis; deque diris et exitiosis effascinationibus; atque inibi de feminis repente versis in mares.
V. Diversae nobilium philosophorum sententiae de genere ac natura voluptatis; verbaque Hieroclis philosophi, quibus decreta Epicuri in sectatus est.

A letter of King Philip to the philosopher Aristotle concerning Alexander newly born.
4. On the prodigious miracles of barbarian peoples; and on dire and destructive bewitchments; and therein about women suddenly turned into males.
5. The diverse opinions of noble philosophers about the kind and nature of pleasure; and the words of the philosopher Hierocles, with which he assailed the decrees of Epicurus.

VI. Verbum, quod est ab "ago" frequentativum, in syllaba prima quonam sit modulo pronuntiandum.
VII. De conversione foliorum in arbore olea brumali et solstitiali die; deque fidibus id temporis ictu alieno sonantibus.

6. The frequentative verb derived from "ago": with what measure the first syllable is to be pronounced.
7. On the turning of the leaves on the olive tree on the brumal and solstitial day; and on strings at that time sounding with an alien stroke.

VIII. Necessum esse, qui multa habeat, multis indigere; deque ea re Favorini philosophi cum brevitate eleganti sententia.
IX. Quis modus sit vertendi verba in Graecis sententiis; deque his Homeri versibus, quos Vergilius vertisse aut bene apteque aut inprospere existimatus est.

8. That he who has many things must need many things; and on that matter a sentence of the philosopher Favorinus with elegant brevity.
9. What the mode should be of translating words in Greek sentences; and about those verses of Homer which Vergil has been thought to have translated either well and aptly or unsuccessfully.

X. Quod Annaeus Cornutus versus Vergilii, quibus Veneris et Vulcani concubitum pudice operteque dixit, reprehensione spurca et odiosa inquinavit.
XI. De Valerio Corvino; et unde Corvinus.
XII.

10. That Annaeus Cornutus, with a foul and odious censure, polluted the verses of Vergil, in which he spoke of the intercourse of Venus and Vulcan modestly and covertly.
11. On Valerius Corvinus; and whence Corvinus.
12.

De verbis, quae in utramque partem significatione adversa et reciproca dicuntur.
XIII. Verba ex historia Claudi Quadrigari, quibus Manli Torquati, nobilis adulescentis, et hostis Galli provocatoris pugnam depinxit.

On words which are said in both ways, with an adverse and reciprocal signification.
13. Words from the history of Claudius Quadrigarius, with which he depicted the combat of Manlius Torquatus, a noble youth, and of the Gallic enemy challenger.

XIV. Quod idem Quadrigarius "huius facies" patrio casu probe et Latine dixit; et quaedam alia adposita de similium vocabulorum declinationibus.
XV. De genere controversiae, quod Graece aporon appellatur.

14. That the same Quadrigarius said "huius facies" in the native (genitive) case properly and in good Latin; and some other items appended concerning the declensions of similar words.
15. On the kind of controversy which in Greek is called aporon.

XVI. Quod Plinium Secundum, non hominem indoctum, fugerit latueritque vitium argumenti, quod antistrephon Graeci dicunt.

16. That a flaw of argument, which the Greeks call antistrephon, escaped and remained hidden from Pliny Secundus, no unlearned man.

CAPITVLA LIBRI DECIMI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK TEN

I. "Tertium"ne "consul" an "tertio" dici oporteat; et quonam modo Cn. Pompeius, cum in theatro, quod erat dedicaturus, honores suos inscriberet, quaestionem ancipitem istius verbi de consilio Ciceronis vitaverit.
II. Quid Aristoteles de numero puerperii memoriae mandaverit.
III.

1. Whether "tertium" "consul" or "tertio" ought to be said; and in what way Cn. Pompeius, when in the theater which he was about to dedicate he was inscribing his honors, avoided the double-edged question of that word by the counsel of Cicero.
2. What Aristotle has recorded regarding the number belonging to childbearing.
3.

Locorum quorundam inlustrium conlatio contentioque facta ex orationibus C. Gracchi et M. Ciceronis et M. Catonis.
IV. Quod P. Nigidius argutissime docuit nomina non positiva esse, sed naturalia.
V. "Avarus" simplexne vocabulum sit, an compositum et duplex, sicut P. Nigidio videtur.

A comparison and contestation of certain illustrious loci made from the speeches of Gaius Gracchus and Marcus Cicero and Marcus Cato.
4. That Publius Nigidius taught with the utmost acuteness that names are not positive (by mere position), but natural.
5. Whether "avarus" is a simple vocable, or a compound and twofold, as it seems to Publius Nigidius.

VI. Multam dictam esse ab aedilibus plebi Appi Caeci filiae, mulieri nobili, quod locuta esset petulantius.
VII. Fluminum, quae ultra imperium Romanum fluunt, prima magnitudine esse Nilum, secunda Histrum, proxima Rhodanum, sicuti M. Varronem memini scribere.

6. That a fine was declared by the plebeian aediles upon the daughter of Appius Caecus, a noblewoman, because she had spoken too petulantly.
7. Of the rivers which flow beyond the Roman dominion, the first in magnitude is the Nile, the second the Danube (Hister), the next the Rhone, just as I remember Marcus Varro to have written.

VIII. Inter ignominias militares, quibus milites coercebantur, fuisse sanguinis dimissionem; et quaenam esse videatur causa huiuscemodi castigationis.
IX. Quibus modis quoque habitu acies Romana instrui solita sit; quaeque earum instructionum sint vocabula.

8. Among the military ignominies by which soldiers were restrained was bloodletting; and what the cause of a chastisement of this kind seems to be.
9. In what ways and in what formation the Roman battle-line was accustomed to be drawn up; and what the terms for those deployments are.

X. Quae eius rei causa sit, quod et Graeci veteres et Romani anulum in eo digito gestaverint, qui est in manu sinistra minimo proximus.
XI. Verbum "mature" quid significet quaeque vocis eius ratio sit; et quod eo verbo volgus hominum inproprie utatur; atque inibi, quod "praecox" declinatum "praecocis" faciat, non "praecoquis".
XII. De portentis fabularum, quae Plinius Secundus indignissime in Democritum philosophum confert; ibidem de simulacro volucri columbae.

10. What the cause of this matter is, that both the ancient Greeks and the Romans wore a ring on that finger which is in the left hand next to the little finger.
11. What the word "mature" signifies and what the rationale of that word is; and that the common sort of men use that word improperly; and therein, that "praecox" when declined makes "praecocis," not "praecoquis."
12. On the prodigies of fables, which Pliny Secundus most unworthily attributes to the philosopher Democritus; in the same place about a flying simulacrum of a dove.

XIII. "Cum partim hominum" qua ratione veteres dixerint.
XIV.

13. "Cum partim hominum" by what rationale the ancients said.
14.

"Iniuria mihi factum itur" quali verborum ordine Cato dixerit.
XV. De flaminis Dialis deque flaminicae caerimoniis; verbaque ex edicto praetoris apposita, quibus dicit non coacturum se ad iurandum neque virgines Vestae neque Dialem.
XVI.

"Injury is being done to me" in what order of words Cato said it.
15. On the ceremonies of the Flamen Dialis and of the flaminica; and words appended from the edict of the praetor, in which he says that he will not compel to swear either the Vestal virgins or the Dialis.
16.

Quos errores Iulius Hyginus in sexto Vergilii animadverterit in Romana historia erratos.
XVII. Quam ob causam et quali modo Democritus philosophus luminibus oculorum sese privaverit; et super ea re versus Laberii pure admodum et venuste facti.

What errors Julius Hyginus observed in Vergil’s Book Six as having erred in Roman history.
17. For what cause and in what manner the philosopher Democritus deprived himself of the lights of his eyes; and on that matter, verses of Laberius composed very purely and wittily.

XVIII. Historia de Artemisia; deque eo certamine, quod aput Mausoli sepulcrum a scriptoribus inclutis decertatum est.
XIX.

18. The story of Artemisia; and of that contest which at the tomb of Mausolus was contested by renowned writers.
19.

Non purgari neque levari peccatum, cum praetenditur peccatorum, quae alii quoque peccaverunt, similitudo; atque inibi verba ex oratione super ea re Demosthenis.
XX. Quid sit "rogatio", quid "lex", quid "plebiscitum", quid "privilegium"; et quantum ista omnia differant.
XXI.

That a sin is not purged nor lightened when the likeness of sins which others also have committed is put forward; and therein words from Demosthenes’ oration on that matter.
20. What a "rogation" (bill) is, what a "law", what a "plebiscite", what a "privilege"; and how much all those differ.
21.

Quam ob causam M. Cicero his omnino verbis "novissime" et "novissimus" observantissime vitarit.
XXII. Locus exemptus ex Platonis libro, qui inscribitur Gorgias, de falsae philosophiae probris, quibus philosophos temere incessunt, qui emolumenta verae philosophiae ignorant.

For what reason M. Cicero most scrupulously avoided altogether these words “novissime” and “novissimus.”
22. A passage excerpted from Plato’s book which is entitled Gorgias, concerning the reproaches of false philosophy, with which those who are ignorant of the emoluments of true philosophy rashly assail philosophers.

XXIII. Verba ex oratione M. Catonis de mulierum veterum victu et moribus; atque inibi, quod fuerit ius marito in adulterio uxorem deprehensam necare.
XXIV.

23. Words from the speech of M. Cato about the diet and morals of ancient women; and therein, that there was a right for a husband to kill a wife caught in adultery.
24.

"Diepristini", "diecrastini" et "diequarti" et "diequinti", qui elegantius locuti sint, dixisse, non ut ea nunc volgo dicuntur.
XXV. Telorum et iaculorum gladiorumque atque inibi navium quoque vocabula?

"Diepristini," "diecrastini" and "diequarti" and "diequinti" were said by those who spoke more elegantly, not as these are now commonly said.
25. The terms for missiles and javelins and swords, and there as well the names for ships?

quae scripta in veterum libris reperiuntur.
XXVI. Inscite ab Asinio Pollione reprehensum Sallustium, quod transfretationem "transgressum" dixerit, et "transgressos" qui transfretassent.

which are found written in the books of the ancients.
26. Sallust was unskillfully reprehended by Asinius Pollio, because he had called "transfretationem" "transgressum", and "transgressos" those who had crossed by sea.

XXVII. Historia de populo Romano deque populo Poenico, quod pari propemodum vigore fuerint aemuli.
XXVIII.

27. History of the Roman people and of the Punic people, that they were rivals with almost equal vigor.
28.

De aetatium finibus pueritiae, iuventae, senectae, ex Tuberonis historia sumptum.
XXIX. Quod particula "atque" non complexiva tantum sit, sed vim habeat plusculam variamque.

On the boundaries of the ages—boyhood, youth, old age—taken from the history of Tubero.
29. That the particle "atque" is not only copulative, but has a somewhat greater and varied force.

CAPITVLA LIBRI VNDECIMI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK ELEVEN

I. De origine vocabuli terrae Italiae; deque ea multa, quae "suprema" appellatur, deque eius nominis ratione ac de lege Aternia; et quibus verbis antiquitus multa minima dici solita sit.
II. Quod "elegantia" apud antiquiores non de amoeniore ingenio, sed de nitidiore cultu atque victu dicebatur, eaque in vitio ponebatur.
III.

1. On the origin of the term for the land "Italy"; and concerning that fine which is called "suprema," and the rationale of that name and about the Aternian law; and by what words in antiquity very small fines used to be said.
2. That "elegantia" among the ancients was said not of a more agreeable wit, but of a more polished attire and way of living, and it was accounted a vice.
3.

Qualis quantaque sit "pro" particulae varietas; deque exemplis eius varietatis.
IV. Quem in modum Q. Ennius versus Euripidi aemulatus sit.
V. De Pyrrhonis philosophis quaedam deque Academicis strictim notata; deque inter eos differentia.

What the variety of the particle "pro" is, and how extensive; and on examples of that variety.
4. In what manner Q. Ennius emulated the verses of Euripides.
5. Some things on the philosophers of Pyrrho and on the Academics, noted briefly; and on the difference between them.

VI. Quod mulieres Romae per Herculem non iuraverint neque viri per Castorem.
VII. Verbis antiquissimis relictisque iam et desitis minime utendum.

6. That women at Rome did not swear by Hercules, nor did men by Castor.
7. The most ancient words, now left behind and forsaken, are by no means to be used.

VIII. Quid senserit dixeritque M. Cato de Albino, qui homo Romanus Graeca oratione res Romanas venia sibi ante eius imperitiae petita composuit.
IX. Historia de legatis Mileti ac Demosthene rhetore in libris Critolai reperta.

8. What M. Cato thought and said about Albinus, who, a Roman, composed Roman affairs in Greek oration, having first asked pardon for himself for his inexperience in it.
9. A history about the envoys of Miletus and Demosthenes the rhetor, found in the books of Critolaus.

X. Quod C. Gracchus in oratione sua historiam supra scriptam Demadi rhetori, non Demostheni, adtribuit; verbaque ipsius C. Gracchi relata.
XI. Verba P. Nigidii, quibus differre dicit "mentiri" et "mendacium dicere".
XII. Quod Chrysippus philosophus omne verbum ambiguum dubiumque esse dicit, Diodorus contra nullum verbum ambiguum esse putat.

10. That Gaius Gracchus in his oration attributed the above-written history to the rhetor Demades, not to Demosthenes; and the very words of Gaius Gracchus are reported.
11. The words of P. Nigidius, in which he says that "mentiri" (“to lie”) and "mendacium dicere" (“to tell a lie”) differ.
12. That the philosopher Chrysippus says every word is ambiguous and doubtful, Diodorus, on the contrary, thinks that no word is ambiguous.

XIII. Quid Titus Castricius de verbis deque sententia quadam C. Gracchi existimarit; quodque esse eam sine ullo sensus emolumento docuerit.
XIV.

13. What Titus Castricius thought about the words and about a certain statement of Gaius Gracchus; and that he showed it to be without any improvement of sense.
14.

Sobria et pulcherrima Romuli regis responsio circa vini usum.
XV. De "ludibundo" et "errabundo" atque id genus verborum productionibus; et quod Laberius sic "amorabundam" dixit, ut dicitur "ludibunda" et "errabunda"; atque inibi, quod Sisenna per huiuscemodi verbum nova figura usus est.
XVI.

The sober and most beautiful reply of King Romulus concerning the use of wine.
15. On the lengthenings of “ludibundus” and “errabundus” and words of that kind; and that Laberius thus said “amorabundam,” as “ludibunda” and “errabunda” are said; and there, that Sisenna, by a word of this sort, used a new figure.
16.

Quod Graecorum verborum quorundam difficillima est in Latinam linguam mutatio, velut quod Graece dicitur polypragmosyne.
XVII. Quid significet in veteribus praetorum edictis: "qui flumina retanda publice redempta habent".
XVIII.

That the translation of certain Greek words into the Latin tongue is most difficult, as for example what in Greek is called polypragmosyne.
17. What is meant in the ancient edicts of the praetors: “those who have rivers to be scoured under public contract.”
18.

Qua poena Draco Atheniensis in legibus, quas populo Atheniensi scripsit, fures adfecerit; et qua postea Solon; et qua item decemviri nostri, qui duodecim tabulas scripserunt; atque inibi adscriptum, quod aput Aegyptios furta licita et permissa sunt, aput Lacedaemonios autem cum studio quoque adfectata et pro exercitio utili celebrata; ac praeterea M. Catonis de poeniendis furtis digna memoria sententia.

By what penalty Draco the Athenian, in the laws which he wrote for the Athenian people,
punished thieves; and by what penalty later Solon did; and likewise by what our decemvirs
who wrote the Twelve Tables, did; and there appended, that among the Egyptians thefts are licit and permitted, among the Lacedaemonians, however, they are even pursued with zeal and celebrated as a useful exercise; and besides, the opinion of M. Cato on punishing thefts, worthy of remembrance.

CAPITVLA LIBRI DVODECIMI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK TWELVE

I. Dissertatio Favorini philosophi, qua suasit nobili feminae, uti liberos, quos peperisset, non nutricum adhibitarum, sed suo sibi lacte aleret.
II. Quod Annaeus Seneca iudicans de Q. Ennio deque M. Tullio levi futtilique iudicio fuit.
III.

1. A discourse of the philosopher Favorinus, in which he persuaded a noble woman to rear the children whom she had borne not by employed wet-nurses, but with her own milk herself.
2. That Annaeus Seneca, judging about Q. Ennius and about M. Tullius, was of a light and futile judgment.
3.

"Lictoris" vocabulum qua ratione conceptum ortumque sit; et super eo diversae sententiae Valgi Rufi et Tulli Tironis.
IV. Versus accepti ex Q. Enni septimo annalium, quibus depingitur finiturque ingenium comitasque hominis minoris erga amicum superiorem.
V. Sermo Tauri philosophi de modo atque ratione tolerandi doloris secundum Stoicorum decreta.

"LicTor" the word: by what rationale it was conceived and arose; and concerning it the differing opinions of Valgius Rufus and Tullius Tiro.
4. Verses taken from the seventh book of the Annals of Q. Ennius, in which are depicted and defined the character and affability of a lesser man toward a superior friend.
5. A discourse of the philosopher Taurus on the manner and method of enduring pain according to the decrees of the Stoics.

VI. De aenigmate.
VII. Quam ob causam Cn. Dolabella proconsul ream mulierem veneficii confitentemque ad Ariopagitas reiecerit.

6. On an enigma.
7. For what cause Gnaeus Dolabella, proconsul, referred a woman defendant of poisoning, who confessed, to the Areopagites.

VIII. Reditiones in gratiam nobilium virorum memoratu dignae.
IX. Quae dicantur vocabula ancipitia; et quod "honoris" quoque vocabulum ancipiti sententia fuerit.

8. Reconciliations into favor of noble men, memorable.
9. Which are called ambivalent vocables; and that the vocable "honoris" too had an ambivalent sense.

X. Quod "aeditumus" verbum Latinum sit.
XI. Errare istos, qui spe et fiducia latendi peccent, cum latebra peccati perpetua nulla sit; et super ea re Peregrini philosophi sermo et Sophocli poetae sententia.
XII.

10. That the word "aeditumus" is Latin.
11. That those err who sin with the hope and confidence of lying hidden, since there is no hiding-place of sin perpetual; and on that matter, the discourse of the philosopher Peregrinus and the opinion of the poet Sophocles.
12.

Faceta responsio M. Ciceronis amolientis a se crimen manifesti mendacii.
XIII. "Intra Kalendas" cum dicitur, quid significet, utrum "ante Kalendas" an "Kalendis" an utrumque; atque inibi, quid sit in oratione M. Tulli "intra oceanum" et "intra montem Taurum" et in quadam epistula "intra modum".
XIV.

A facetious response of M. Cicero, warding off from himself the charge of manifest mendacity.
13. When "Intra Kalendas" is said, what it signifies, whether "before the Kalends" or "on the Kalends" or both; and therein, what is in the oration of M. Tullius "intra oceanum" and "intra montem Taurum" and in a certain epistle "intra modum".
14.

"Saltem" particula quam vim habeat et quam originem.
XV. Quod Sisenna in libris historiarum adverbiis huiuscemodi saepenumero usus est: "celatim", "vellicatim", "saltuatim".

"Saltem" the particle, what force it has and what origin.
15. That Sisenna in the books of history very often used adverbs of this sort: "celatim", "vellicatim", "saltuatim".

CAPITVLA LIBRI TERTII DECIMI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK THIRTEEN

I. Inquisitio verborum istorum M. Tulli curiosior, quae sunt in primo Antonianarum libro "multa autem inpendere videntur praeter naturam etiam praeterque fatum"; tractatumque, an idem duo ista significent, "fatum" atque "natura", an diversum.
II. Super poetarum Pacuvii et Accii conloquio familiari in oppido Tarentino.
III.

1. A more curious inquisition of those words of M. Tullius, which are in the first book of the Antonian speeches: "but many things seem to impend beyond nature and also beyond fate"; and it is treated whether those two, "fate" and "nature," signify the same thing or a different one.
2. On the familiar conversation of the poets Pacuvius and Accius in the town of Tarentum.
3.

An vocabula haec "necessitudo" et "necessitas" differenti significatione sint.
IV. Descripta Alexandri ...
V. De Aristotele et Theophrasto et Menedemo philosophis; deque eleganti verecundia Aristotelis successorem diatribae suae eligentis.
VI. Quid veteres Latini dixerint, quas Graeci prosoidias appellant; item quod vocabulum "barbarismi" non usurpaverint neque Romani antiquiores neque Attici.

Whether these words "necessitudo" and "necessitas" are of different signification.
4. A description of Alexander ...
5. On Aristotle and Theophrastus and the philosopher Menedemus; and on the elegant modesty of Aristotle as he chose the successor of his own school.
6. What the ancient Latins said for what the Greeks call prosodies; likewise that the word "barbarism" was not employed either by the earlier Romans or by the Attics.

VII. Diversum de natura leonum dixisse Homerum in carminibus et Herodotum in historiis.
VIII.

7. That Homer in his poems and Herodotus in his histories spoke differently about the nature of lions.
8.

Quod Afranius poeta prudenter et lepide Sapientiam filiam esse Vsus et Memoriae dixit.
IX. Quid Tullius Tiro in commentariis scripserit de "suculis" et "hyadibus", quae sunt stellarum vocabula.
X. Quid "sororis" etymon esse dixerit Labeo Antistius et quid "fratris" P. Nigidius.

That the poet Afranius prudently and wittily said that Wisdom is the daughter of Use and Memory.
9. What Tullius Tiro wrote in his commentaries about "suculis" and "hyadibus," which are names of stars.
10. What Antistius Labeo said the etymon of "sororis" to be, and what P. Nigidius said of "fratris".

XI. Quem M. Varro aptum iustumque esse numerum convivarum existimarit; ac de mensis secundis et de bellariis.
XII. Tribunos plebis prensionem habere, vocationem non habere.

11. What number of guests M. Varro judged to be apt and just; and about second courses and confections.
12. That the tribunes of the plebs have arrest (prehension), not summons (vocatio).

XIII. Quod in libris humanarum M. Varronis scriptum est aediles et quaestores populi Romani in ius a privato ad praetorem vocari posse.
XIV.

13. That in the Human Books of M. Varro it is written that the aediles and the quaestors of the Roman people can be called into court by a private individual before the praetor.
14.

Quid sit "pomerium".
XV. Verba ex libro Messalae auguris, quibus docet, qui sint minores magistratus et consulem praetoremque conlegas esse; et quaedam alia de auspiciis.
XVI. Item verba eiusdem Messalae disserentis aliud esse ad populum loqui, aliud cum populo agere; et qui magistratus a quibus avocent comitiatum.

What "pomerium" is.
15. Words from the book of Messalla the augur, in which he teaches who are the lesser magistrates and that the consul and praetor are colleagues; and certain other things about auspices.
16. Likewise words of the same Messalla discussing that it is one thing to speak to the people, another to conduct business with the people; and which magistrates are, and by whom, called away from holding the comitia.

XVII. "Humanitatem" non significare id, quod volgus putat, sed eo vocabulo, vi sinceriter locuti sunt, magis proprie esse usos.
XVIII.

17. "Humanity" does not signify what the vulgar think, but those who spoke sincerely used that word, with this force, more properly.
18.

Quid aput M. Catonem significent verba haec "inter os atque offam".
XIX. ...
XX. De genere atque nominibus familiae Porciae.
XXI.

What these words signify in M. Cato: "between the mouth and the morsel".
19. ...
20. On the lineage and the names of the Porcian family.
21.

Quod a scriptoribus elegantissimis maior ratio habita sit sonitus vocum atque verborum iucundioris, quae a Graecis euphonia dicitur, quam regulae disciplinaeque, quae a grammaticis reperta est.
XXII. Verba Titi Castricii rhetoris ad discipulos adulescentes de vestitu atque calciatu non decoro.

That by the most elegant writers greater regard has been had for the more pleasing sound of voices and words, which by the Greeks is called euphony, than for the rule and discipline which has been discovered by the grammarians.
22. The words of Titus Castricius, rhetor, to his adolescent pupils on attire and footwear not decorous.

XXIII. ...
XXIV. ...
XXV.

23. ...
24. ...
25.

Quaesitum tractatumque, quid sint "manubiae"; atque inibi dicta quaedam de ratione utendi verbis pluribus idem significantibus.
XXVI. Verba P. Nigidii, quibus dicit in nomine Valeri in casu vocandi primam syllabam acuendam esse; et item alia ex eiusdem verbis ad rectam scripturam pertinentia.

A question inquired into and treated, what “manubiae” are; and therein certain things said about the method of using several words signifying the same.
26. The words of P. Nigidius, in which he says that in the name Valeri in the vocative case the first syllable ought to be acuted (accented); and likewise other matters from his same words pertaining to correct orthography.

XXVII. De versibus, quos Vergilius sectatus videtur, Homeri ac Partheni.
XXVIII.

27. On the verses, which Vergilius seems to have followed, of Homer and Parthenius.
28.

De sententia Panaetii philosophi, quam scripsit in libro de officiis secundo, qua hortatur, ut homines ad cavendas iniurias in omni loco intenti paratique sint.
XXIX. Quod Quadrigarius "cum multis mortalibus" dixit; an quid et quantum differret, si dixisset "cum multi hominibus".
XXX.

On the opinion of the philosopher Panaetius, which he wrote in the second book On Duties, in which he exhorts that men be intent and prepared in every place to avoid injuries.
29. That Quadrigarius said "with many mortals"; whether, and how much, it would differ if he had said "with many men".
30.

Non hactenus esse "faciem", qua volgo dicitur.
XXXI. Quid sit in satura M. Varronis "caninum prandium".

That "face" is not limited to the sense in which it is commonly said.
31. What "canine luncheon" is in the satire of M. Varro.

CAPITVLA LIBRI QVARTI DECIMI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK 14

I. Dissertatio Favorini philosophi adversus eos, qui Chaldaei appellantur et ex coetu motibusque siderum et stellarum fata hominum dicturos pollicentur.
II. Quem in modum disseruerit Favorinus consultu a me super officio iudicis.
III.

1. A dissertation of Favorinus the philosopher against those who are called Chaldaeans and who promise that they will declare the fates of men from the conjunctions and motions of constellations and stars.
2. In what manner Favorinus delivered a dissertation, at my consultation, concerning the office of a judge.
3.

An aemuli offensique inter sese fuerint Xenophon et Plato.
IV. Quod apte Chrysippus et graphice imaginem Iustitiae modulis coloribusque verborum depinxit.
V. Lis atque contentio grammaticorum Romae inlustrium enarrata super casu vocativo vocabuli, quod est "egregius".
VI. Cuimodi sint, quae speciem doctrinarum habeant, sed neque delectent neque utilia sint; atque inibi de vocabulis singularum urbium regionumque inmutatis.

Whether Xenophon and Plato were rivals and offended with each other.
4. That Chrysippus aptly and graphically painted the image of Justice with the measures and colors of words.
5. A lawsuit and contention of illustrious grammarians at Rome narrated concerning the vocative case of the word which is "egregius".
6. Of what sort are those things which have the semblance of doctrines, but neither delight nor are useful; and therein about the terms for individual cities and regions having been altered.

VII. Quod M. Varro Cn. Pompeio, consuli primum designato, commentarium dedit, quem appellavit ipse eisagogikon, de officio senatus habendi.
VIII.

7. That Marcus Varro gave to Gnaeus Pompeius, when first designated consul, a commentary which he himself entitled Eisagogicon, on the duty of convening the senate.
8.

Quaesitum esse dissensumque, an praefectus Latinarum causa creatus ius senatus convocandi consulendique habeat.

It has been inquired and disputed whether a prefect created for the sake of the Latin festival has the right of convening and consulting the senate.

CAPITVLA LIBRI QVINTI DECIMI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK FIFTEEN

I. Quod in Quinti Claudii annalibus scriptum est lignum alumine oblitum non ardere.
II. Quod Plato in libris, quos de legibus composuit, largiores laetioresque in conviviis invitatiunculas vini non inutiles esse existimavit.
III.

1. That in the Annals of Quintus Claudius it is written that wood smeared with alum does not burn.
2. That Plato, in the books which he composed On the Laws, considered more generous and more cheerful little invitations to wine at banquets not useless.
3.

Quid M. Cicero de particula ista senserit scripseritque, quae praeposita est verbis "aufugio" et "aufero"; et an in verbo "autumo" eadem istaec praepositio esse videri debeat.
IV. Historia de Ventidio Basso, ignobili homine, quem primum de Parthis triumphasse memoriae traditum est.
V. Verbum "profligo" a plerisque dici inproprie insciteque.

What M. Cicero thought and wrote about that particle which is set before the verbs "aufugio" and "aufero"; and whether in the word "autumo" that same aforesaid preposition ought to be thought to be present.
4. A history of Ventidius Bassus, a man of ignoble birth, who is handed down to memory as the first to have celebrated a triumph over the Parthians.
5. The verb "profligo" is used by many improperly and unskilfully.

VI. In libro M. Ciceronis de gloria secundo manifestum erratum in ea parte, in qua scriptum est super Hectore et Aiace.
VII. Observatum esse in senibus, quod annum fere aetatis tertium et sexagesimum agant aut laboribus aut interitu aut clade aliqua insignitum; atque inibi super eadem observatione exemplum adpositum epistulae divi Augusti ad Gaium filium.

VI. In the second book of M. Cicero On Glory, a manifest error in that part in which it is written concerning Hector and Ajax.
VII. That it has been observed in old men that they pass about the sixty-third year of life marked by either labors or death or some calamity; and therein, upon the same observation, an example appended of a letter of the deified Augustus to Gaius his son.

VIII. Locus ex oratione Favorini, veteris oratoris, de cenarum atque luxuriae obprobratione, qua usus est, cum legem Liciniam de sumptu minuendo suasit.
IX. Quod Caecilius poeta "frontem" genere virili non poetice, sed cum probatione et cum analogia appellavit.

8. A passage from a speech of Favorinus, an ancient orator, about the reproach of banquets and luxury, which he employed when he urged the Licinian law for reducing expenditure.
9. That the poet Caecilius called "frontem" of the masculine gender, not poetically, but with proof and in accordance with analogy.

X. De voluntario et admirando interitu virginum Milesiarum.
XI. Verba senatusconsulti de exigendis urbe Roma philosophis; item verba edicti censorum, quo inprobati et coerciti sunt, qui disciplinam rhetoricam instituere et exercere Romae coeperant.
XII.

10. On the voluntary and astonishing death of the Maidens of Miletus.
11. The words of a decree of the Senate about driving philosophers out of the city of Rome; likewise the words of the edict of the censors, whereby those who had begun to institute and to practice the discipline of rhetoric at Rome were disapproved and restrained.
12.

Locus ex oratione Gracchi de parsimonia ac de pudicitia sua memoratissimus.
XIII. De verbis inopinatis, quae utroqueversum dicuntur et a grammaticis "communia" vocantur.

A passage from a speech of Gracchus, most memorable, about his parsimony and his own pudicity.
13. On unexpected words, which are said either way and are called "common" by the grammarians.

XIV. Quod Metellus Numidicus figuram orationis novam ex orationibus Graecis mutuatus est.
XV. "Passis velis" et "passis manibus" dixisse veteres non a verbo suo, quod est "patior", sed ab alieno, quod est "pando".
XVI.

14. That Metellus Numidicus borrowed a new figure of speech from Greek orations.
15. That the ancients said "passis velis" and "passis manibus" not from their own verb, which is "patior," but from another, which is "pando."
16.

De novo genere interitus Crotoniensis Milonis.
XVII. Quam ob causam nobiles pueri Atheniensium tibiis canere desierint, cum patrium istum morem canendi haberent.

On a new kind of death of Milo the Crotonian.
17. For what cause the noble boys of the Athenians ceased to play the pipes, although they had that ancestral custom of playing.

XVIII. Quod pugna belli civilis victoriaque Gai Caesaris, quam vicit in Pharsaliis campis, nuntiata praedictaque est per cuiuspiam sacerdotis vaticinium eodem ipso die in Italia Patavi.
XIX.

18. That the battle of the civil war and the victory of Gaius Caesar, which he won on the Pharsalian plains, was announced and foretold by the vaticination of a certain priest on that very same day at Patavium in Italy.
19.

Verba M. Varronis memoria digna ex satura, quae inscribitur peri edesmaton.
XX. Notata quaedam de Euripidis poetae genere, vita, moribus; deque eiusdem fine vitae.
XXI.

Words of M. Varro worthy of memory from a satire, which is entitled peri edesmaton.
20. Certain notes about the lineage, life, and manners of the poet Euripides; and about the end of that same man’s life.
21.

Quod a poetis Iovis filii prudentissimi humanissimique, Neptuni autem ferocissimi et inhumanissimi traduntur.
XXII. Historia de Sertorio, egregio duce, deque astu eius commenticiisque simulamentis, quibus ad barbaros milites continendos conciliandosque sibi utebatur.

That by the poets the sons of Jove are reported as most prudent and most humane, but those of Neptune as most ferocious and most inhuman.
22. A history about Sertorius, an outstanding leader, and about his craft and fabricated pretenses, which he used for keeping the barbarian soldiers in hand and for winning them over to himself.

XXIII. De aetatibus historicorum nobilium, Hellanici, Herodoti, Thucydidis.
XXIV.

23. On the ages of the noble historians, Hellanicus, Herodotus, Thucydides.
24.

Quid Vulcacius Sedigitus in libro, quem de poetis scripsit, de comicis Latinis iudicarit.
XXV. De verbis quibusdam novis, quae in Gnaei Mati mimiambis offenderamus.

What Vulcacius Sedigitus judged, in the book which he wrote about poets, concerning the Latin comic poets.
25. On certain new words which we had encountered in the mimiambics of Gnaeus Matius.

XXVI. Quibus verbis Aristoteles philosophus definierit syllogismum; eiusque definitionis interpretamentum verbis Latinis factum.
XXVII.

26. With what words Aristotle the philosopher defined the syllogism; and an interpretation of that definition made in Latin words.
27.

Quid sint "comitia calata", quid "curiata", quid "centuriata", quid "tributa", quid "concilium"; atque inibi quaedam eiusdemmodi.
XXVIII. Quod erravit Cornelius Nepos, cum scripsit Ciceronem tres et viginti annos natum causam pro Sexto Roscio dixisse.

What the "comitia calata" are, what the "curiate," what the "centuriate," what the "tribal," what a "council"; and therein certain other things of the same sort.
28. That Cornelius Nepos erred, when he wrote that Cicero, twenty-three years old, pleaded a case on behalf of Sextus Roscius.

XXIX. Quali figura orationis et quam nova L. Piso annalium scriptor usus sit.
XXX.

29. What figure of speech, and how novel a one, was employed by L. Piso, the writer of annals.
30.

Vehiculum, quod "petorritum" appellatur, cuiatis linguae vocabulum sit, Graecae an Gallicae.
XXXI. Quae verba legaverint Rhodii ad hostium ducem Demetrium, cum ab eo obsiderentur, super illa incluta Ialysi imagine.

The vehicle, which is called "petorritum," of which tongue is the word, Greek or Gallic?
31. What words the Rhodians entrusted by legates to Demetrius, the leader of the enemy, when they were being besieged by him, concerning that renowned image of Ialysus.

CAPITVLA LIBRI SEXTI DECIMI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK SIXTEEN

I. Verba Musoni philosophi Graeca digna atque utilia audiri observarique; eiusdemque utilitatis sententia a M. Catone multis ante annis Numantiae ad equites dicta.
II. Cuiusmodi sit lex apud dialecticos percontandi disserendique; et quae sit eius legis reprehensio.
III.

1. The Greek words of the philosopher Musonius, worthy and useful to be heard and observed; and a judgment of like utility spoken by M. Cato many years earlier at Numantia to the cavalry.
2. What sort is the rule among dialecticians of interrogating and discoursing; and what the reprehension of that rule is.
3.

Quanam ratione effici dixerit Erasistratus medicus, si cibus forte deerit, ut tolerari aliquantisper inedia possit et tolerari fames; verbaque ipsa Erasistrati super ea scripta.
IV. Quo ritu quibusque verbis fetialis populi Romani bellum indicere solitus sit his, quibus populus bellum fieri iusserat; et item in quae verba conceptum fuerit iusiurandum de furtis militaribus sanciendis et uti milites scripti intra praedictum diem in loco certo frequentarent causis quibusdam exceptis, propter quas id iusiurandum remitti aecum esset.
V. "Vestibulum" quid significet; deque eius vocabuli rationibus.

By what method the physician Erasistratus said it can be brought about, if food should by chance be lacking, that fasting might be endured for a while and hunger tolerated; and the very words of Erasistratus written on these matters.
4. By what rite and with what words the fetial priest of the Roman people was accustomed to declare war to those against whom the people had ordered war to be made; and likewise in what words the oath had been framed for sanctioning military thefts and that the enrolled soldiers should assemble in a fixed place within the prescribed day, certain causes excepted, on account of which it would be equitable that that oath be remitted.
5. What “vestibulum” signifies; and concerning the rationales of that vocable.

VI. Hostiae, quae dicuntur "bidentes", quid sint et quam ob causam ita appellatae sint; superque ea re P. Nigidii et Iulii Hygini sententiae.
VII. Quod Laberius verba pleraque licentius petulantiusque finxit; et quod multis item verbis utitur, de quibus, an sint Latina, quaeri solet.

6. What the sacrificial victims that are called "bidentes" are, and for what cause they have been so appellated; and moreover, on that matter, the opinions of P. Nigidius and Julius Hyginus.
7. That Laberius fashioned very many words more licentiously and more petulantly; and that he likewise uses many words about which it is wont to be asked whether they are Latin.

VIII. Quid significet et quid a nostris appellatum sit, quod "axioma" dialectici dicunt; et quaedam alia, quae prima in disciplina dialectica traduntur.
IX. Quid significet verbum in libris veterum creberrime positum "susque deque".
X. Quid sint "proletarii", quid "capite censi"; quid item sit in XII tabulis "adsiduus"; et quae eius vocabuli ratio sit.

8. What it signifies and what it has been called by our people, that which the dialecticians call an "axioma"; and certain other things which are first handed down in the discipline of dialectic.
9. What the word "susque deque," very frequently set in the books of the ancients, signifies.
10. What "proletarii" are, what the "capite censi" are; likewise what "adsiduus" is in the 12 Tables; and what the rationale of that word is.

XI. Historia ex Herodoti libris sumpta de Psyllorum interitu, qui in Syrtibus Africanis colebant.
XII. De his vocabulis, quae Cloatius Verus aut satis commode aut nimis absurde et inlepide ad origines linguae Graecae redigit.

11. A history taken from the books of Herodotus about the extinction of the Psylli, who dwelt in the African Syrtes.
12. On those words which Cloatius Verus either quite suitably or too absurdly and inelegantly reduces to the origins of the Greek language.

XIII. Quid sit "municipium" et quid a "colonia" differat; et quid sint "municipes" quaeque sit eius vocabuli ratio ac proprietas; atque inibi, quod divus Hadrianus in senatu de iure atque vocabulo municipum verba fecit.
XIV.

13. What a "municipium" is and how it differs from a "colony"; and what "municipes" are and what the rationale and propriety of that word is; and therein, that the deified Hadrian in the senate delivered remarks about the law and the term of the municipes.
14.

Quod M. Cato differre dixit "properare" et "festinare"; et quam incommode Verrius Flaccus verbi, quod est "festinat", etymon interpretatus sit.
XV. Quid Theophrastus mirum de perdicibus scriptum reliquerit et quid Theopompus de leporibus.
XVI.

That M. Cato said that "to hasten" (properare) and "to hurry" (festinare) differ; and how incommodiously Verrius Flaccus interpreted the etymon of the word which is "he hurries" (festinat).
15. What Theophrastus left written as a wonder about partridges and what Theopompus about hares.
16.

"Agrippas" a partus aegri et inprosperi vitio appellatos; deque his deabus, quae vocantur "Prorsa" et "Postverta".
XVII. Quae ratio vocabuli sit agri Vaticani.
XVIII.

"Agrippas" named from the defect of a sick and inauspicious birth; and about those goddesses who are called "Prorsa" and "Postverta".
17. What the rationale of the word for the Vatican field is.
18.

Lepida quaedam memoratu et cognitu de parte geometriae, quae optike appellatur, et item alia, quae kanonike, et tertia itidem, quae dicitur metrike.
XIX. Sumpta historia ex Herodoti libro super fidicine Arione.

Some charming matters for remembrance and knowledge about the part of geometry which is called optics, and likewise another called canonics, and a third likewise, called metrics.
19. A story taken from the book of Herodotus concerning the lyre-player Arion.

CAPITVLA LIBRI SEPTIMI DECIMI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK SEVENTEEN

I. Quod Gallus Asinius et Larcius Licinus sententiam M. Ciceronis reprehenderunt ex oratione, quam dixit pro M. Caelio; et quid adversus homines stolidissimos pro eadem sententia vere digneque dici possit.
II. Verba quaedam ex Q. Claudi annalium primo cursim in legendo notata.
III.

1. That Gallus Asinius and Larcius Licinus criticized an opinion of M. Cicero from the oration which he delivered on behalf of M. Caelius; and what can truly and worthily be said against the most stolid men in defense of the same opinion.
2. Certain words, cursorily noted in reading, from the first book of Q. Claudius’s Annals.
3.

Verba M. Varronis ex libro quinto et vicesimo humanarum, quibus contra opinionem volgariam interpretatus est Homeri versum.
IV. Quid Menander poeta Philemoni poetae dixerit, a quo saepe indigne in certaminibus comoediarum superatus est; et quod saepissime Euripides in tragoedia ab ignobilibus poetis victus est.
V. Nequaquam esse verum, quod minutis quibusdam rhetoricae artificibus videatur, M. Ciceronem in libro, quem de amicitia scripsit, vitioso argumento usum amphisbetoumenon anti homologoumenou posuisse; totumque id consideratius tractatum exploratumque.

Words of M. Varro from the twenty-fifth book of the Human (Antiquities), by which, against the vulgar opinion, he interpreted a verse of Homer.
IV. What the poet Menander said to the poet Philemon, by whom he was often undeservedly overcome in contests of comedies; and that most very often Euripides in tragedy was defeated by ignoble poets.
V. That it is by no means true, what seems to certain minute craftsmen of rhetoric, that M. Cicero, in the book which he wrote on Friendship, using a vicious argument, set down an amphisbetoumenon anti homologoumenou; and the whole of that has been handled and explored more considerately.

VI. Falsum esse, quod Verrius Flaccus in libro secundo, quos de obscuris M. Catonis composuit, de servo recepticio scriptum reliquit.
VII. Verba haec ex Atinia lege: "quod subruptum erit, eius rei aeterna auctoritas esto", P. Nigidio et Q. Scaevolae visa esse non minus de praeterito furto quam de futuro cavisse.

6. That what Verrius Flaccus left written in the second book, which he composed on the obscurities of M. Cato, about the servus recepticius, is false.
7. That these words from the Atinian law: "whatever will have been stolen, let there be an eternal auctoritas of that thing," seemed to P. Nigidius and Q. Scaevola to have provided no less for a past theft than for a future one.

VIII. In sermonibus apud mensam Tauri philosophi quaeri agitarique eiusmodi solita: "cur oleum saepe et facile, vina rarius congelascant, acetum haut fere umquam" et "quod aquae fluviorum fontiumque durentur, mare gelu non duretur".
IX. De notis litterarum, quae in C. Caesaris epistulis reperiuntur; deque aliis clandestinis litteris ex vetere historia petitis; et quid skytale sit Laconica.
X. Quid de versibus Vergilii Favorinus existumarit, quibus in describenda flagrantia montis Aetnae Pindarum poetam secutus est; conlataque ab eo super eadem re utriusque carmina et diiudicata.

8. In conversations at table with the philosopher Taurus, questions of this sort used to be asked and debated: "why oil often and easily, wine more rarely, freeze, vinegar hardly ever"; and "although the waters of rivers and springs are hardened, the sea is not hardened by frost."
9. About the notations of letters that are found in the epistles of Gaius Caesar; and about other clandestine letters drawn from ancient history; and what the Laconian skytale is.
10. What Favorinus judged about the verses of Vergil, in which, in describing the blazing of Mount Etna, he followed the poet Pindar; and that the poems of both on the same subject were compared and adjudged by him.

XI. Quod Plutarchus in libris symposiacis opinionem Platonis de habitu atque natura stomachi fistulaeque eius, quae tracheia dicitur, adversum Erasistratum medicum tutatus est auctoritate adhibita antiqui medici Hippocratis.
XII. De materiis infamibus, quas Graeci adoxous appellant, a Favorino exercendi gratia disputatis.

11. That Plutarch in the Symposiacs defended, against the physician Erasistratus, Plato’s opinion about the habit and nature of the stomach and of its fistula, which is called the trachea, by employing the authority of the ancient physician Hippocrates.
12. On infamous matters, which the Greeks call adoxous, debated by Favorinus for the sake of exercise.

XIII. "Quin" particula quot qualesque varietates significationis habeat et quam saepe in veterum scriptis obscura sit.
XIV.

13. How many and what kinds of varieties of signification the particle "Quin" has, and how often in the writings of the ancients it is obscure.
14.

Sententiae ex Publili mimis selectae lepidiores.
XV. Quod Carneades Academicus elleboro stomachum purgavit scripturus adversus Zenonis Stoici decreta; deque natura medelaque ellebori candidi et nigri.
XVI.

The more charming maxims selected from the mimes of Publilius.
15. That Carneades the Academic purged his stomach with hellebore when about to write against the decrees of Zeno the Stoic; and concerning the nature and the curative power of white and black hellebore.
16.

Anates Ponticas vim habere venenis digerendis potentem; atque inibi de Mithridati regis in id genus medicamentis sollertia.
XVII. Mithridatem, Ponti regem, duarum et viginti gentium linguis locutum; Quintumque Ennium tria corda habere sese dixisse, quod tris linguas percalluisset, Graecam, Oscam, Latinam.

Pontic ducks have a power potent for digesting poisons; and therein about the skill of King Mithridates in medicaments of that kind.
17. Mithridates, king of Pontus, spoke in the tongues of twenty-two nations; and Quintus Ennius said that he had three hearts, because he had thoroughly mastered three languages, Greek, Oscan, and Latin.

XVIII. Quod M. Varro C. Sallustium, historiae scriptorem, deprehensum ab Annio Milone in adulterio scribit et loris caesum pecuniaque data dimissum.
XIX.

18. That M. Varro writes that C. Sallustius, the historian, was caught by Annius Milo in adultery and was lashed with thongs and, money having been given, released.
19.

Quid Epictetus philosophus dicere solitus sit hominibus nequam et inpuris disciplinas philosophiae studiose tractantibus; et quae duo verba observanda praeceperit omnium rerum longe salubria.
XX. Verba sumpta ex Symposio Platonis numeris coagmentisque verborum scite modulateque apta exercendi gratia in Latinam orationem versa.
XXI.

What the philosopher Epictetus was accustomed to say to wicked and impure men studiously handling the disciplines of philosophy; and what two words he prescribed to be observed, by far most salutary for all things.
20. Words taken from Plato’s Symposium, skillfully and modulatedly fitted to the rhythms and joints of words, for the sake of exercise, turned into Latin discourse.
21.

Quibus temporibus post Romam conditam Graeci Romanique inlustres viri floruerint ante secundum bellum Carthaginiensium.

At what times, after Rome was founded, illustrious Greek and Roman men flourished before the Second Punic War.

CAPITVLA LIBRI DUODEVICESIMI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK EIGHTEEN

I. Disputationes a philosopho Stoico et contra a Peripatetico arbitro Favorino factae; quaesitumque inter eos, quantum in perficienda vita beata virtus valeret quantumque esset in his, quae dicuntur "extranea".
II. Cuiusmodi quaestionum certationibus Saturnalicia ludicra Athenis agitare soliti simus; atque inibi inspersa quaedam sophismatia et aenigmata oblectatoria.
III. Quid Aeschines rhetor in oratione, qua Timarchum de inpudicitia accusavit, Lacedaemonios statuisse dixerit super sententia probatissima, quam inprobatissimus homo dixisset.

1. Debates conducted by a Stoic philosopher and, in opposition, by a Peripatetic, with Favorinus as arbiter; and an inquiry between them how much virtue availed in perfecting the blessed life, and how much there is in those things that are called "externals".
2. What sort of question-contests we used to conduct at Athens as Saturnalian amusements; and therein certain sprinkled-in sophisms and entertaining enigmas.
3. What Aeschines the rhetorician, in the oration with which he accused Timarchus of unchastity, said that the Lacedaemonians had established concerning a most approved sentence which a most reprobate man had uttered.

IV. Quod Sulpicius Apollinaris praedicantem quendam a sese uno Sallustii historias intellegi inlusit quaestione proposita, quid verba ista apud Sallustium significarent: "incertum, stolidior an vanior".
V. Quod Q. Ennius in septimo annali "quadrupes eques" ac non "quadrupes ecus", ut legunt multi, scriptum reliquit.
VI. Quod Aelius Melissus in libro, cui titulum fecit de loquendi proprietate, quem, cum ederet, cornum esse Copiae dicebat, rem scripsit neque dictu neque auditu dignam, cum differre "matronam" et "matrem familias" existimavit differentia longe vanissima.
VII.

4. That Sulpicius Apollinaris made sport of a certain declaimer who was proclaiming that Sallust’s histories were understood by himself alone, by proposing a question as to what these words in Sallust signified: "incertum, stolidior an vanior" ("uncertain whether more stolid or more vain").
5. That Q. Ennius in the seventh Annal left written "quadrupes eques" and not "quadrupes ecus", as many read.
6. That Aelius Melissus, in the book to which he gave the title On the Propriety of Speaking, which, when he published it, he said was a horn of Plenty, wrote a thing worthy neither of saying nor hearing, when he supposed that "matrona" and "mater familias" differ by a distinction exceedingly vain.
7.

Quem in modum Favorinus tractaverit intempestivum quendam de verborum ambiguitatibus quaerentem; atque ibi, quot significationes capiat "contio".
VIII. Homoioteleuta et homoioptota atque alia id genus, quae ornamenta orationis putantur, inepta esse et puerilia Lucilii quoque versibus declarari.
IX. Quid significet apud M. Catonem verbum "insecenda"; quodque "insecenda" potius legendum sit quam, quod plerique existimant, "insequenda".
X. Errare istos, qui in exploranda febri venarum pulsus pertemptari putant, non arteriarum.

In what manner Favorinus handled a certain inopportune questioner about ambiguities of words; and there, how many significations “contio” may take.
8. That homoioteleuta and homoioptota and others of that kind, which are thought ornaments of oration, are shown, even by the verses of Lucilius, to be inept and puerile.
9. What the word “insecenda” signifies in M. Cato; and that “insecenda” should rather be read than, as most suppose, “insequenda”.
10. That those err who think that in exploring a fever the pulses of the veins are to be thoroughly tested, not those of the arteries.

XI. Verba ex carminibus Furi Antiatis inscite a Caesellio Vindice reprehensa; versusque ipsi, in quibus ea verba sunt, subscripti.
XII. Morem istum veteribus nostris fuisse verba patiendi mutare ac vertere in agendi modum.

11. Words from the poems of Furius Antias unskillfully reprehended by Caesellius Vindex; and the verses themselves, in which those words are, subjoined.
12. That this custom existed among our ancestors: to change and turn verbs of suffering (passive) into the mode of acting (active).

XIII. Quali talione Diogenes philosophus usus sit pertemptatus a dialectico quodam sophismatio inpudenti.
XIV.

13. With what talion the philosopher Diogenes made use, when he had been thoroughly provoked by the impudent sophism of a certain dialectician.
14.

Quid sit numerus "hemiolios", quid "epitritos"; et quod vocabula ista non facile nostri ausi sunt vertere in linguam Latinam.
XV. Quod M. Varro in herois versibus observaverit rem nimis anxiae et curiosae observationis.

What the “hemiolios” number is, what the “epitritos”; and that our people did not readily dare to render these terms into the Latin language.
XV. That M. Varro, in heroic verses, observed a matter of excessively anxious and curious observation.

[Capitula libri undevicesimi desunt.]

[The headings of Book Nineteen are missing.]

CAPITVLA LIBRI VICESIMI

CHAPTERS OF BOOK TWENTY

I. Disceptatio Sex. Caecilii iureconsulti et Favorini philosophi de legibus duodecim tabularum.
II. Vocabulum "siticinum" in M. Catonis oratione quid significet.

1. A disputation of Sextus Caecilius the jurisconsult and Favorinus the philosopher concerning the laws of the Twelve Tables.
2. What the vocable "siticinum" signifies in a speech of M. Cato.

III. Quam ob causam L. Accius poeta in pragmaticis sicinnistas "nebuloso nomine" esse dixerit.
IV. Artificum scaenicorum studium amoremque inhonestum probrosumque esse; et super ea re verba Aristotelis philosophi adscripta.

3. For what reason the poet L. Accius said that, in legal cases, the sicinnists were “of a nebulous name.”
4. That the zeal and love of stage artisans are dishonorable and opprobrious; and, on that matter, words of the philosopher Aristotle are appended.

V. Exempla epistularum Alexandri regis et Aristotelis philosophi Graeca ita uti sunt edita; eaque in linguam Latinam versa.
VI. Quaesitum atque tractatum, utrum siet rectius dicere "habeo curam vestri", an "vestrum".
VII. ...
VIII.

5. Examples of the letters of King Alexander and the philosopher Aristotle, in Greek just as they were published; and those translated into the Latin language.
6. Inquiry and discussion, whether it be more correct to say "habeo curam vestri", or "vestrum".
7. ...
8.

De his, quae habere symptosian videntur cum luna +mansuescente ac senescente.
IX. Qualibus verbis delectari solitus sit Antonius Iulianus positis in mimiambis Cn. Matii; et quid significet M. Cato in oratione, quam scripsit de innocentia sua, cum ita dictitat "numquam vestimenta a populo poposci".
X. ...
XI. ...

On those things which seem to have sympathy with the moon +gentling and growing old.
9. With what words Antonius Julianus was wont to be delighted, set in the mimiambics of Cn. Matius; and what M. Cato signifies in the oration which he wrote about his innocence, when he keeps saying thus “I never asked clothing from the people.”
10. ...
11. ...