Eutropius: BREVIARIVM HISTORIAE ROMANAE

[2] T. Quintius Flamininus adversum Philippum missus rem prospere gessit.Pax ei data est his legibus: ne Graeciae civitatibus, quas Romani contra eum defenderant, bellum inferret, ut captivos et transfugas redderet, quinquaginta solas naves haberet, reliquas Romanis dederet, per annos decem quaterna milia pondo argenti praestaret et obsidem daret filium suum Demetrium. T. Quintius etiam Lacedaemoniis intulit bellum.

[2] T. Quintius Flamininus, sent against Philip, conducted the campaign successfully.Peace was granted him on these terms: that he should not make war upon the Greek cities which the Romans had defended against him, that he should restore captives and deserters, that he should possess only fifty ships of war and surrender the rest to the Romans, that for ten years he should pay four thousand pounds of silver, and that he should give his son Demetrios as a hostage. T. Quintius also brought war against the Lacedaemonians.

Ducem eorum Nabidem vicit et quibus voluit condicionibus in fidem accepit. Ingenti gloria trimphavit; duxit ante currum nobilissimos obsides, Demetrium, Philippi filium, et Armenen Nabidis.

He defeated their leader Nabides and received them into fidelity on whatever conditions he chose. He triumphed with great glory; he led before his chariot the most noble hostages, Demetrius, son of Philip, and the Armenian son of Nabides.

[3] Transacto bello Macedonico secutum est Syriacum contra Antiochum regem P. Cornelio Scipione M. Acilio Glabrione consulibus.Huic Antiocho Hannibal se iunxerat, Carthaginem, patriam suam, metu, ne Romanis traderetur, relinquens. M. Acilius Glabrio in Achaia bene pugnavit.

[3] After the Macedonian war was finished there followed a Syrian war against King Antiochus, in the consulship of P. Cornelius Scipio and M. Acilius Glabrio.To this Antiochus Hannibal had attached himself, abandoning Carthage, his fatherland, from fear that it might be handed over to the Romans. M. Acilius Glabrio fought well in Achaia.

Castra regis Antiochi nocturna pugna capta sunt, ipse fugatus. Philippo, quia contra Antiochum Romanis fuisset auxilio, filius Demetrius redditus est.

The camp of King Antiochus was seized in a nocturnal battle, he himself put to flight. To Philip, because he had been of aid to the Romans against Antiochus, the son Demetrius was restored.

[4] L. Cornelio Scipione et C. Laelio consulibus Scipio Africanus fratri suo L. Cornelio Scipioni consuli legatus datus contra Antiochum profectus est.Hannibal, qui cum Antiocho erat, navali proelio victus est. Ipse postea Antiochus circa Sipylum apud Magnesiam, Asiae civitatem, a consule Cornelio Scipione ingenti proelio fusus est.

[4] In the consulship of Lucius Cornelius Scipio and Gaius Laelius, Scipio Africanus was sent as legate to his brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio the consul and set out against Antiochus.Hannibal, who was with Antiochus, was defeated in a naval engagement. Antiochus himself afterwards, near Sipylus by Magnesia, a city of Asia, was routed by the consul Cornelius Scipio in a great battle.

Auxilio fuit Romanis in ea pugna Eumenes, Attali regis frater, qui Eumeniam in Phrygia condidit. Quinquaginta milia peditum, tria equitum eo certamine ex parte regis occisa sunt. Tum rex pacem petit.

Eumenes, brother of King Attalus, who founded Eumenia in Phrygia, was a help to the Romans in that battle. Fifty thousand foot-soldiers and three thousand horse were killed in that engagement on the king’s side. Then the king sought peace.

Isdem condicionibus data est a senatu, quamquam victo, quibus ante offerebatur: ut ex Europa et Asia recederet atque intra Taurum se contineret, decem milia talentorum et viginti obsides praeberet, Hannibalem, concitatorem belli, dederet. Eumeni regi donatae sunt a senatu omnes Asiae civitates, quas Antiochus bello perdiderat, et Rhodiis, qui auxilium Romanis contra regem Antiochum tulerant, multae urbes concessae sunt. Scipio Romam rediit, ingenti gloria triumphavit.

By the same conditions were granted by the senate, although defeated, as had been offered before: that he withdraw from Europe and Asia and keep himself within the Taurus, that he provide ten thousand talents and twenty hostages, and surrender Hannibal, the instigator of the war. To King Eumenes were granted by the senate all the cities of Asia which Antiochus had lost in the war, and to the Rhodians, who had brought aid to the Romans against King Antiochus, many cities were conceded. Scipio returned to Rome and triumphed with great glory.

Nomen et ipse ad imitationem fratris Asiagenis accepit, quia Asiam vicerat, sicuti frater ipsius propter Africam domitam Africanus appellabatur.

He himself likewise took the name in imitation of his brother, Asiagenis, because he had conquered Asia, just as his brother was called Africanus on account of Africa having been subdued.

[5] Sp. Postumio Albino Q. Marcio Philippo consulibus M. Fulvius de Aetolis triumphavit.Hannibal, qui victo Antiocho, ne Romanis traderetur, ad Prusiam, Bithyniae regem, fugerat, repetitus etiam ab eo est per T. Quintium Flamininum. Et, cum tradendus Romanis esset, venenum bibit et apud Libyssam in finibus Nicomedensium sepultus est.

[5] In the consulship of Sp. Postumius Albinus and Q. Marcius Philippus, M. Fulvius triumphed over the Aetolians.Hannibal, who, with Antiochus defeated, had fled to Prusias, king of Bithynia, lest he be delivered to the Romans, was even recovered from him by T. Quintius Flamininus. And, since he was to be handed over to the Romans, he drank poison and was buried at Libyssa in the territory of the Nicomedenses.

[6] Philippo, rege Macedoniae, mortuo, qui et adversum Romanos bellum gesserat et postea Romanis contra Antiochum auxilium tulerat, filius eius Perseus in Macedonia rebellavit ingentibus copiis ad bellum paratis.Nam adiutores habebat Cotyn, Thraciae regem, et regem Illyrici, Gentium nomine. Romanis autem in auxilio erant Eumenes, Asiae rex, Ariaratus Cappadociae, Antiochus Syriae, Ptolomaeus Aegypti, Masinissa Numidiae.

[6] On the death of Philip, king of Macedonia, who had both waged war against the Romans and afterwards brought aid to the Romans against Antiochus, his son Perseus rebelled in Macedonia, with vast forces prepared for war.For auxiliaries he had Cotyn, king of Thrace, and the king of Illyricum, called Gentium. But on the Romans’ side were Eumenes, king of Asia, Ariaratus of Cappadocia, Antiochus of Syria, Ptolemy of Egypt, and Masinissa of Numidia.

Prusias autem Bithyniae, quamquam sororem Persei uxorem haberet, utrisque se aequum praebuit. Dux Romanorum P. Licinius consul contra eum missus est et a rege gravi proelio victus. Neque tamen Romani, quamquam superati, regi petenti pacem praestare voluerunt, nisi his condicionibus: ut se et suos senatui et populo Romano dederet.

Prusias of Bithynia, however, although he had Perseus’s sister for a wife, showed himself fair to both. The leader of the Romans, the consul P. Licinius, was sent against him and was defeated by the king in a severe engagement. Yet the Romans, although overcome, did not wish to grant peace to the king who sought it, except on these conditions: that he and his people surrender themselves and his followers to the Senate and Roman people.

Mox missus contra eum L. Aemilius Paulus consul et in Illyricum C. Anicius praetor contra Gentium. Sed Gentius facile uno proelio victus mox se dedidit. Mater eius et uxor et duo filii, frater quoque simul in potestatem Romanorum venerunt.

Soon L. Aemilius Paulus, consul, was sent against him, and into Illyricum C. Anicius, praetor, against Gentius. But Gentius, easily vanquished in a single proelium, soon surrendered himself. His mother and wife and two sons, and also his brother, together came into the power of the Romans.

Ita bello intra XXX dies perfecto ante cognitum est Gentium victum, quam coeptum bellum nuntiaretur.

Thus, the war being finished within 30 days, it was known that Gentium had been defeated before the war begun was announced.

[7] Cum Perseo autem Aemilius Paulus consul III Nonas Septembres dimicavit vicitque eum viginti milibus peditum eius occisis.Equitatus cum rege integer fugit. Romanorum centum milites amissi sunt.

[7] When, however, Aemilius Paulus, the consul, fought Perseus on 3 September and defeated him, with twenty thousand of his infantry slain.The cavalry with the king fled intact. One hundred Roman soldiers were lost.

Urbes Macedoniae omnes, quas rex tenuerat, Romanis se dediderunt; ipse rex, cum desereretur ab amicis, venit in Pauli potestatem. Sed honorem ei Aemilius Paulus consul non quasi victo habuit. Nam et volentem ad pedes sibi cadere non permisit et iuxta se in sella conlocavit.

All the cities of Macedonia, which the king had held, surrendered themselves to the Romans; the king himself, when abandoned by his friends, came into the power of Paulus. But Aemilius Paulus, the consul, did not treat him with honour as one conquered. For he did not permit him, though willing to fall at his feet, to do so, but set him beside himself on a chair.

Macedonibus et Illyriis hae leges a Romanis datae: ut liberi essent et dimidium eorum tributorum praestarent, quae regibus praestitissent, ut appareret, populum Romanum pro aequitate magis quam avaritia dimicare. Itaque in conventu infinitorum populorum Paulus hoc pronuntiavit et legationes multarum gentium, quae ad eum venerant, magnificentissime convivio pavit, dicens eiusdem hominis esse debere et bello vincere et in convivii apparatu elegantem esse.

These laws were given by the Romans to the Macedonians and Illyrians: that they should be free and render half of those tributes which they had paid to the kings, so that it might appear the Roman people contended more for equity than for avarice. Therefore in an assembly of innumerable peoples Paulus proclaimed this and entertained, most magnificently at a banquet, the legations of many nations that had come to him, saying that it befits the same man both to win in war and to be elegant in the display of a feast.

[8] Mox septuaginta civitates Epiri, quae rebellabant, cepit, praedam militibus distribuit.Romam ingenti pompa rediit in navi Persei, quae inusitatae magnitudinis fuisse traditur, adeo ut sedecim ordines dicatur habuisse remorum. Triumphavit autem magnificentissime in curru aureo cum duobus filiis utroque latere adstantibus.

[8] Soon he seized seventy cities of Epirus that were rebelling, and distributed the booty to the soldiers.He returned to Rome with immense pomp in the ship of Perseus, which is reported to have been of extraordinary size, so that it is said to have had 16 ranks of oars. He triumphed most magnificently in a golden chariot, with his two sons standing on either side.

Ducti sunt ante currum duo regis filii et ipse Perseus, XLV annos natus. Post eum etiam Anicius de Illyriis triumphavit. Gentius cum fratre et filiis ante currum ductus est.

Two sons of the king and Perseus himself, aged 45, were led before the chariot. After him Anicius of the Illyrians also triumphed. Gentius, with his brother and his sons, was led before the chariot.

Ad hoc spectaculum reges multarum gentium Romam venerunt, inter alios venit etiam Attalus atque Eumenes, Asiae reges, et Prusias Bithyniae. Magno honore excepti sunt et permittente senatu dona, quae attulerant, in Capitolio posuerunt. Prusias etiam filium suum Nicomeden senatui commendavit.

To this spectacle kings of many peoples came to Rome; among others also came Attalus and Eumenes, kings of Asia, and Prusias of Bithynia. They were received with great honour and, the senate permitting, they placed the gifts which they had brought on the Capitol. Prusias also commended his son Nicomedes to the senate.

[9] Insequenti anno L. Memmius in Lusitania bene pugnavit.Marcellus postea consul res ibidem prosperas gessit.

[9] In the following year L. Memmius fought well in Lusitania.Marcellus afterwards, as consul, conducted affairs there successfully.

[10] Tertium deinde bellum contra Carthaginem suscipitur, sexcentesimo et altero ab urbe condita anno, L. Manlio Censorino et M. Manilio consulibus, anno quinquagesimo primo postquam secundum Punicum transactum erat.Hi profecti Carthaginem oppugnaverunt. Contra eos Hasdrubal, dux Carthaginiensium, dimicabat.

[10] Then the third war against Carthage was undertaken, in the 602nd year since the founding of the city, with Lucius Manlius Censorinus and Marcus Manlius as consuls, in the fifty‑first year after the Second Punic War had been concluded.These men, having set out, besieged Carthage. Against them Hasdrubal, leader of the Carthaginians, was contending.

Famea, dux alius, equitatui Carthaginiensium praeerat. Scipio tunc, Scipionis Africani nepos, tribunus ibi militabat. Huius apud omnes ingens metus et reverentia erat.

Famea, another commander, led the Carthaginian cavalry. Scipio then, the grandson of Scipio Africanus, served there as a tribune. There was great fear and reverence of him among all.

Nam et paratissimus ad dimicandum et consultissimus habebatur. Itaque per eum multa a consulibus prospere gesta sunt, neque quicquam magis vel Hasdrubal vel Famea vitabant, quam contra eam Romanorum partem committere, ubi Scipio dimicaret.

For he was reckoned both most ready for combat and most practised in counsel. Thus by him many things were successfully accomplished by the consuls, nor did either Hasdrubal or Famea shun anything more than to engage against that Roman detachment where Scipio was fighting.

[11] Per idem tempus Masinissa, rex Numidarum, per annos sexaginta fere amicus populi Romani, anno vitae nonagesimo septimo mortuus quadraginta quattuor filiis relictis Scipionem divisorem regni inter filios suos esse iussit.

[11] At the same time Masinissa, king of the Numidians, for about 60 years a friend of the Roman people, died in the 97th year of his life, leaving 44 sons, and ordered that Scipio be the divider of the kingdom among his sons.

[12] Cum igitur clarum Scipionis nomen esset, iuvenis adhuc consul est factus et contra Carthaginem missus.Is eam cepit ac diruit. Spolia ibi inventa, quae variarum civitatum excidiis Carthago collegerat, et ornamenta urbium civitatibus Siciliae, Italiae, Africae reddidit, quae sua recognoscebant.

[12] When therefore the bright name of Scipio was famous, although still a youth he was made consul and sent against Carthage.He seized and razed it. The spoils found there, which Carthage had gathered by the devastations of various states, and the ornaments of cities he restored to the cities of Sicily, Italy, and Africa, which claimed them as their own.

Ita Carthago septingentesimo anno, quam condita erat, deleta est. Scipio nomen, quod avus eius acceperat, meruit, scilicet ut propter virtutem etiam ipse Africanus iunior vocaretur.

Thus Carthage was destroyed in the 700th year since it had been founded. Scipio deserved the name which his grandfather had received, namely that, on account of his virtue, he himself should also be called Africanus the Younger.

[13] Interim in Macedonia quidam Pseudophilippus arma movit et Romanum praetorem P. Iuventium contra se missum ad internicionem vicit.Post eum Q. Caecilius Metellus dux a Romanis contra Pseudophilippum missus est et XXV milibus eius occisis Macedoniam recepit, ipsum etiam Pseudophilippum in potestatem suam redegit.

[13] Meanwhile in Macedonia a certain Pseudophilippus took up arms and defeated the Roman praetor P. Juventius, sent against him with intent of destruction.After him Q. Caecilius Metellus, a commander sent by the Romans against Pseudophilippus, recovered Macedonia with 25,000 of his men killed, and even reduced Pseudophilippus himself into his power.

[14] Corinthiis quoque bellum indictum est, nobilissimae Graeciae civitati, propter iniuriam legatorum Romanorum.Hanc Mummius consul cepit et diruit. Tres igitur Romae simul celeberrimi triumphi fuerunt: Africani ex Africa, ante cuius currum ductus est Hasdrubal, Metelli ex Macedonia, cuius currum praecessit Andriscus, idem qui et Pseudophilippus, Mummii ex Corintho, ante quem signa aenea et pictae tabulae et alia urbis clarissimae ornamenta praelata sunt.

[14] War was also proclaimed against the Corinthians, the most noble city of Greece, on account of the indignity done to Roman envoys.This city Mummius, the consul, took and razed. Therefore there were three very celebrated triumphs at Rome at the same time: that of Africanus from Africa, before whose chariot Hasdrubal was led; that of Metellus from Macedonia, before whose chariot Andriscus went first, the same man who had been Pseudophilippus; and that of Mummius from Corinth, before whom bronze standards and painted panels and other most famous ornaments of the city were borne.

[15] Iterum in Macedonia Pseudoperses, qui se Persei filium esse dicebat, collectis servitiis rebellavit et, cum sedecim milia armatorum haberet, a Tremellio quaestore superatus est.

[15] Again in Macedonia Pseudoperses, who claimed to be the son of Perseus, having gathered servile forces rebelled and, when he had sixteen thousand armed men, was overcome by the quaestor Tremellius.

[16] Eodem tempore Metellus in Celtiberia apud Hispanos res egregias gessit.Successit ei Q. Pompeius. Nec multo post Q. quoque Caepio ad idem bellum missus est, quod quidam Viriathus contra Romanos in Lusitania gerebat.

[16] At the same time Metellus achieved outstanding deeds in Celtiberia among the Hispanics.He was succeeded by Q. Pompeius. Not long after Q. Caepio also was sent to the same war, which a certain Viriathus was waging against the Romans in Lusitania.

Quo metu Viriathus a suis interfectus est, cum quattuordecim annis Hispanias adversus Romanos movisset. Pastor primo fuit, mox latronum dux, postremo tantos ad bellum populos concitavit, ut adsertor contra Romanos Hispaniae putaretur. Et cum interfectores eius praemium a Caepione consule peterent, responsum est numquam Romanis placuisse imperatores a suis militibus interfici.

By that fear Viriathus was slain by his own, after he had moved the Spaniards against the Romans for fourteen years. He was at first a shepherd, soon a leader of robbers, and finally he stirred so many peoples to war that he was regarded as a champion of Spain against the Romans. And when his killers sought a reward from Caepio the consul, the reply was that it had never been pleasing to the Romans that commanders be slain by their own soldiers.

[17] Q. Pompeius deinde consul, a Numantinis, quae Hispaniae civitas fuit opulentissima, superatus, pacem ignobilem fecit.Post eum C. Hostilius Mancinus consul iterum cum Numantinis pacem fecit infamem, quam populus et senatus iussit infringi atque ipsum Mancinum hostibus tradi, ut in illo, quem auctorem foederis habebant, iniuriam soluti foederis vindicarent. Post tantam igitur ignominiam, qua a Numantinis bis Romani exercitus fuerant subiugati, P. Scipio Africanus secundo consul factus et ad Numantiam missus est.

[17] Then Q. Pompeius, consul, having been overcome by the Numantines, who were the most opulent city of Spain, made an ignoble peace.After him C. Hostilius Mancinus, consul, again made with the Numantines an infamous peace, which the people and the senate ordered to be broken and ordered Mancinus himself to be handed over to the enemies, so that in him, whom they held the author of the treaty, they might avenge the injury of the broken treaty. After such great ignominy, by which the Roman armies had been subdued twice by the Numantines, P. Scipio Africanus, made consul for the second time, was sent to Numantia.

Is primum militem vitiosum et ignavum exercendo magis quam puniendo sine aliqua acerbitate correxit, tum multas Hispaniae civitates partim cepit, partim in deditionem accepit, postremo ipsam Numantiam diu obsessam fame confecit et a solo evertit, reliquam provinciam in fidem accepit.

He first reformed a vicious and indolent soldiery by drill rather than by punishment, correcting them without any acerbitas; then he took many cities of Hispania, some by capture, some received into surrender; at last he reduced Numantia itself, long besieged by famine, finished it and overthrew it from the ground, and received the rest of the province into fides.

[18] Eodem tempore Attalus, rex Asiae, frater Eumenis, mortuus est heredemque populum Romanum reliquit.Ita imperio Romano per testamentum Asia accessit.

[18] At the same time Attalus, king of Asia, brother of Eumenes, died and left the Roman people as his heir.Thus Asia came into the Roman imperium by will.

[19] Mox etiam D. Iunius Brutus de Callaecis et Lusitanis magna gloria triumphavit et P. Scipio Africanus de Numantinis secundum triumphum egit quarto decimo anno postquam priorem de Africa egerat.

[19] Soon also D. Iunius Brutus won a triumph of great glory over the Callaeci and Lusitanians, and P. Scipio Africanus celebrated a second triumph over the Numantines in the 14th year after he had celebrated the earlier one over Africa.

[20] Motum interim in Asia bellum est ab Aristonico, Eumenis filio, qui ex concubina susceptus fuerat.Hic Eumenes frater Attali fuerat. Adversus eum missus P. Licinius Crassus infinita regum habuit auxilia.

[20] Meanwhile a movement in Asia: war was made by Aristonicas, son of Eumenes, who had been taken up from a concubine.This Eumenes had been the brother of Attalus. P. Licinius Crassus, sent against him, possessed innumerable auxiliaries of kings.

Nam et Bithyniae rex Nicomedes Romanos iuvit et Mithridates Ponticus, cum quo bellum postea gravissimum fuit, et Ariarathes Cappadox et Pylaemenes Paphlagon. Victus est tamen Crassus et in proelio interfectus est. Caput ipsius Aristonico oblatum est, corpus Smyrnae sepultum.

For Nicomedes, king of Bithynia, also aided the Romans, and Mithridates of Pontus, with whom afterwards there was a very grave war, and Ariarathes the Cappadocian and Pylaemenes the Paphlagonian. Crassus, however, was defeated and was slain in battle. His head was presented to Aristonicus, his body buried at Smyrna.

Postea Perperna, consul Romanus, qui successor Crasso veniebat, audita belli fortuna ad Asiam celeravit et acie victum Aristonicum apud Stratonicen civitatem, quo confugerat, fame ad deditionem conpulit. Aristonicus iussu senatus Romae in carcere strangulatus est. Triumphari enim de eo non poterat, quia Perperna apud Pergamum Romam rediens diem obierat.

Afterwards Perperna, a Roman consul, who came as successor to Crassus, on hearing the fortune of the war hastened to Asia and, Aristonicus having been defeated in battle, compelled him at the city Stratonicus, to which he had fled, by famine to surrender. Aristonicus was strangled in prison at Rome by order of the senate. For it was not possible to celebrate a triumph over him, because Perperna had died at Pergamum while returning to Rome.

[21] L. Caecilio Metello et T. Quintio Flaminino consulibus Carthago in Africa iussu senatus reparata est, quae nunc manet, annis duobus et viginti postquam a Scipione fuerat eversa.Deducti eo sunt cives Romani.

[21] In the consulship of L. Caecilius Metellus and T. Quintius Flamininus, Carthage in Africa was rebuilt by order of the senate, the same one that now stands, twenty-two years after it had been overthrown by Scipio.Roman citizens were settled there.

[22] Anno sexcentesimo vicesimo septimo ab urbe condita C. Cassius Longinus et Sex. Domitius Calvinus consules Gallis transalpinis bellum intulerunt et Arvernorum tunc nobilissimae civitati atque eorum duci Bituito infinitamque multitudinem iuxta Rhodanum fluvium interfecerunt.Praeda ex torquibus Gallorum ingens Romam perlata est.

[22] In the year 627 from the founding of the city C. Cassius Longinus and Sex. Domitius Calvinus, consuls, brought war upon the Transalpine Gauls and slew the Arverni, then the most noble of cities, and their leader Bituitus, and an innumerable multitude beside the river Rhodanus. A huge spoil of the Gauls’ torques was carried into Rome.

Bituitus se Domitio dedit atque ab eo Romam deductus est, magnaque gloria consules ambo triumphaverunt.

Bituitus surrendered himself to Domitius and was led by him to Rome, and with great glory both consuls celebrated a triumph.

[23] M. Porcio Catone et Q. Marcio Rege consulibus, sexcentesimo tricesimo et tertio anno ab urbe condita Narbone in Gallia colonia deducta est annoque post a L. Caecilio Metello et Q. Mucio Scaevola consulibus de Dalmatia triumphatum est.

[23] In the consulship of M. Porcius Cato and Q. Marcius Rex, in the 633rd year from the founding of the city, a colony was led into Narbo in Gaul, and in the following year, in the consulship of L. Caecilius Metellus and Q. Mucius Scaevola, a triumph was celebrated over Dalmatia.

[24] Ab urbe condita anno sexcentesimo tricesimo quinto C. Cato consul Scordiscis intulit bellum ignominioseque pugnavit.

[24] In the year 635 from the founding of the city, C. Cato, consul, brought war upon the Scordisci and fought ignominiously.

[25] C. Caecilio Metello et Cn. Carbone consulibus duo Metelli fratres eodem die, alterum ex Sardinia, alterum ex Thracia, triumphum egerunt, nuntiatumque Romae est Cimbros e Gallia in Italiam transisse.

[25] In the consulship of C. Caecilius Metellus and Cn. Carbo, two brothers of the Metelli on the same day celebrated triumphs, one for Sardinia, the other for Thrace, and it was announced at Rome that the Cimbri had crossed from Gaul into Italy.

[26] P. Scipione Nasica et L. Calpurnio Bestia consulibus Iugurthae, Numidarum regi, bellum inlatum est, quod Adherbalem et Hiempsalem, Micipsae filios, fratres suos, reges et populi Romani amicos, interemisset.Missus adversus eum consul Calpurnius Bestia, corruptus regis pecunia, pacem cum eo flagitiosissimam fecit, quae a senatu improbata est. Postea contra eundem insequenti anno Sp. Postumius Albinus profectus est.

[26] In the consulship of P. Scipio Nasica and L. Calpurnius Bestia a war was waged against Iugurtha, king of the Numidians, a war which had slain Adherbal and Hiempsal, sons of Micipsa, his brothers, kings and friends of the Roman people.The consul Calpurnius Bestia was sent against him, and, corrupted by the king’s money, made with him a most disgraceful peace, which was disapproved by the senate. Afterwards, against the same man, in the following year Sp. Postumius Albinus set out.

Is quoque per fratrem ignominiose contra Numidas pugnavit.

He also, through his brother, fought ignominiously against the Numidians.

[27] Tertio missus est Q. Caecilius Metellus consul.Is exercitum a prioribus ducibus corruptum ingenti severitate et moderatione correctum, cum nihil in quemquam cruentum faceret, ad disciplinam Romanam reduxit. Iugurtham variis proeliis vicit, elephantos eius occidit vel cepit, multas civitates ipsius in deditionem cepit.

[27] Third was sent Q. Caecilius Metellus, the consul.He restored the army, corrupted by the prior commanders, to Roman discipline with great severity and moderation, correcting it while making no one needlessly bloody. He defeated Iugurtha in various battles, killed or captured his elephants, and reduced many of his cities to surrender.

Et cum iam finem bello positurus esset, successum est ei a C. Mario. Is Iugurtham et Bocchum, Mauritaniae regem, qui auxilium Iugurthae ferre coeperat, pariter superavit. Aliquanta et ipse oppida Numidiae cepit belloque terminum posuit capto Iugurtha per quaestorem suum Cornelium Sullam, ingentem virum, tradente Boccho Iugurtham qui pro eo ante pugnaverat.

And when he was now about to put an end to the war, he was succeeded by C. Marius. He equally overcame Iugurtham and Bocchum, king of Mauritania, who had begun to bring aid to Iugurtham. He himself also took several towns of Numidia and set a termination to the war, Iugurtham having been captured and delivered by Bocchus through his quaestor Cornelius Sulla, a great man, who had previously fought on his behalf.

A M. Iunio Silano, collega Q. Metelli, Cimbri in Gallia victi sunt, et a Minucio Rufo in Macedonia Scordisci et Triballi, et a Servilio Caepione in Hispania Lusitani subacti. Acti sunt et duo triumphi de Iugurtha, primus per Metellum, secundus per Marium. Ante currum tamen Marii Iugurtha cum duobus filiis ductus est catenatus et mox iussu consulis in carcere strangulatus est.

By M. Junius Silanus, colleague of Q. Metellus, the Cimbri were defeated in Gaul, and by Minucius Rufus in Macedonia the Scordisci and Triballi, and by Servilius Caepio in Hispania the Lusitani were subdued. Two triumphs were also celebrated over Iugurtha, the first by Metellus, the second by Marius. Yet before Marius’s chariot Iugurtha was led, chained, with two sons, and soon, by the consul’s order, was strangled in prison.