Theodosius: Liber XI

CTh.11.1.0. De annona et tributis
CTh.11.2.0. Tributa in ipsis speciebus inferri
CTh.11.3.0. Sine censu vel reliquis fundum comparari non posse
CTh.11.4.0. Ne collatio per logografos celebretur
CTh.11.5.0. De indictionibus
CTh.11.6.0. [=brev.11.3.0.] De superindicto.
CTh.11.7.0. De exactionibus
CTh.11.8.0. De superexactionibus
CTh.11.9.0. De distrahendis pignoribus, quae tributorum causa tenentur
CTh.11.10.0. Ne operae a collatoribus exigantur
CTh.11.11.0. [=brev.11.5.0.] Ne damna provincialibus infligantur.
CTh.11.12.0. De immunitate concessa
CTh.11.13.0. Si per obreptionem fuerit impetrata
CTh.11.14.0. De conditis in publicis horreis
CTh.11.15.0. De publica comparatione
CTh.11.16.0. De extraordinariis sive sordidis muneribus
CTh.11.17.0. De equorum collatione
CTh.11.18.0. Qui a praebitione tironum et equorum excusentur
CTh.11.19.0. De collatione fundorum patrimonialium vel emphyteuticorum et rei privatae
CTh.11.20.0. De collatione donatarum vel relevatarum possessionum
CTh.11.21.0. De collatione aeris
CTh.11.22.0. Ne collationis translatio postuletur
CTh.11.23.0. De protostasia
CTh.11.24.0. De patrociniis vicorum
CTh.11.25.0. De quadrimenstruis brevibus
CTh.11.26.0. De discussoribus
CTh.11.27.0. De alimentis, quae inopes parentes de publico petere debent
CTh.11.28.0. De indulgentiis debitorum
CTh.11.29.0. De relationibus
CTh.11.30.0. De appellationibus et poenis earum et consultationibus
CTh.11.31.0. De reparationibus appellationum
CTh.11.32.0. De secundo lapsu
CTh.11.33.0. De dilationibus ex consensu
CTh.11.34.0. De his, qui per metum iudicis non appellaverunt
CTh.11.35.0. [=brev.11.10.0.] Si pendente appellatione mors intervenerit.

CTh.11.1.0. On the annona and tributes
CTh.11.2.0. Tributes to be paid in kind
CTh.11.3.0. That without the census or arrears, a farm cannot be acquired
CTh.11.4.0. Lest the collation be conducted through logographers
CTh.11.5.0. On indictions
CTh.11.6.0. [=brev.11.3.0.] On the superindict.
CTh.11.7.0. On exactions
CTh.11.8.0. On super-exactions
CTh.11.9.0. On selling off pledges which are held for the sake of tributes
CTh.11.10.0. That labors not be exacted from the collators (contributors)
CTh.11.11.0. [=brev.11.5.0.] That damages not be inflicted on provincials.
CTh.11.12.0. On granted immunity
CTh.11.13.0. If it has been obtained by obreption
CTh.11.14.0. On things stored in public granaries
CTh.11.15.0. On public purchasing
CTh.11.16.0. On extraordinary or sordid munera
CTh.11.17.0. On the collation of horses
CTh.11.18.0. Who are excused from the provision of recruits and horses
CTh.11.19.0. On the collation of patrimonial or emphyteutic estates and of the res privata
CTh.11.20.0. On the collation of donated or relieved holdings
CTh.11.21.0. On the cash collation
CTh.11.22.0. That transfer of the collation not be demanded
CTh.11.23.0. On protostasia
CTh.11.24.0. On the patronages of vici
CTh.11.25.0. On the four-monthly breves
CTh.11.26.0. On discussors
CTh.11.27.0. On the alimenta which needy parents ought to seek from the public
CTh.11.28.0. On indulgences of debtors
CTh.11.29.0. On relationes
CTh.11.30.0. On appeals and their penalties and consultations
CTh.11.31.0. On the restorations of appeals
CTh.11.32.0. On a second lapse
CTh.11.33.0. On delays by consent
CTh.11.34.0. On those who, through fear of the judge, did not appeal
CTh.11.35.0. [=brev.11.10.0.] If, while an appeal is pending, death has intervened.

CTh.11.36.0. Quorum appellationes non recipiantur
CTh.11.37.0. [=brev.11.12.0.] Si de momento fuerit appellatum.
CTh.11.38.0. [=brev.11.13.0.] De possessione ab eo, qui bis provocaverit, transferenda.
CTh.11.39.0. De fide testium et instrumentorum

CTh.11.36.0. Whose appeals are not to be received
CTh.11.37.0. [=brev.11.12.0.] If an appeal has been made on the moment.
CTh.11.38.0. [=brev.11.13.0.] On possession to be transferred from him who has appealed twice.
CTh.11.39.0. On the credibility of witnesses and instruments

CTh.11.1.0. De annona et tributis

CTh.11.1.0. On the grain-supply and tributes

CTh.11.1.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad proclianum. praeter privatas res nostras et ecclesias catholicas et domum clarissimae memoriae eusebii exconsule et exmagistro equitum et peditum et arsacis regis armeniorum nemo ex nostra iussione praecipuis emolumentis familiaris iuvetur substantiae.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Proclianus. Apart from our private property and the catholic churches and the house of Eusebius, of most illustrious memory, ex-consul and ex-master of horse and foot, and of Arsaces, king of the Armenians, let no one, by our order, be aided with special emoluments from the household estate.

datianus enim vir clarissimus patricius, qui hanc olim gratiam fuerat consecutus, auferri sibi id cum tanta instantia depoposcit, cum quanta alii poscere consuerunt. ideoque omnes pensitare debebunt quae manu nostra delegationibus adscribuntur, nihil amplius exigendi. nam si qui vicarius aut rector provinciae aliquid iam cuiquam crediderit remittendum, quod aliis remiserit de propriis dare facultatibus compelletur.

for Datianus, a most illustrious man, a Patrician, who had once obtained this favor, demanded with such urgency that it be taken away from himself as others are accustomed to request it; and therefore all must reckon what by our hand is inscribed to the delegations, exacting nothing more. For if any Vicarius or Rector of a province shall now have believed that something ought to be remitted to anyone, he will be compelled to give from his own resources what he has remitted to others.

dat. xv kal. iul.

dated 15 days before the Kalends of July.

constantinopoli constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss. (315 iun. 17 [360 ian.

at Constantinople, Constantine Augustus, 4, and Licinius, 4, consuls. (315 Jun. 17 [360 Jan.

18]).

CTh.11.1.2

Idem a. ad aelianum proconsulem africae. possessores cum satisfecerint publicae collationi, cautiones suas ad tabularios publicos deferant, ut eas tabularii sive sexagenarii periculi sui memores suscipiant a collatoribus, ipsas species quae debentur ex horreis suis ad civitates singulas per menses singulos perlaturis, ne illatio tributorum ex solis apochis falsis vel imaginariis cognoscatur. et cetera.

The same emperor to Aelianus, proconsul of Africa. When the landholders have satisfied the public contribution, let them bring their guarantees to the public tabularii, so that the tabularii, or the sexagenarii, mindful of their own peril, may receive them from the contributors, with the very commodities that are owed to be carried from their own granaries to each city month by month, lest the payment of the tributes be verified from mere receipts (apochai), false or imaginary. And the rest.

dat. kal. nov.

given on the Kalends of November.

treviris constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss. (315

At Trier, in the consulship of Constantine Augustus for the 4th time and of Licinius for the 4th time (315

[313] nov. 1).

[313] Nov. 1).

CTh.11.1.3

Theodosian Code 11.1.3

Idem a. gregorio praefecto praetorio. manu propria iudices universi periculo suo annonarias species et cetera, quae indictione penduntur, definitis quantitatibus et comprehensis modis facta adscriptione designent. cuius observantiae illa erit commoditas, ut post successionem quoque eorum facile requiratur, an exactores ultra quam oportuit de fortunis provincialium aliquid exculpere voluerunt.

The same Augustus to Gregory, Praetorian Prefect. By their own hand, let all judges, at their own peril, designate the annona-commodities and the other things which are owed by the indiction,
with the quantities defined and the measures specified, a subscription having been made. The advantage of this observance will be this: that after their succession as well it may be easily inquired whether the exactors wished to extract anything from the fortunes of the provincials beyond what was proper.

dat. vii id. octob. nepotiano et facundo conss.

Given on October 9, in the consulship of Nepotianus and Facundus.

(336 oct. 9).

CTh.11.1.4

Theodosian Code 11.1.4

Imp. constantius a. si quis ab emphyteuticariis seu patrimoniali possessore privati iuris quippiam comparaverit, cuius substantia alias possessiones sustentare consueverat, et succisis quasi quarundam virium nervis reliqua lababuntur, earum possesionum onera subiturus est, quae penes distractores inutiles permanebunt. dat.

Emperor constantius augustus. If anyone has purchased anything from emphyteuticaries or from a patrimonial possessor of private law, whose substance was accustomed to sustain other possessions, and, as if the sinews of certain forces were cut, the remainder will falter, he shall undergo the burdens of those possessions, which will remain in the hands of the useless divestors. given.

viii id. decemb. thessalonicae feliciano et titiano conss. (337 dec.

on the 8th day before the ides of december, at thessalonica, in the consulship of felicianus and titianus (337 dec.).

6).

CTh.11.1.5

Theodosian Code 11.1.5

Idem a. ad uranium. omnes omnino ad oblationem pecuniarum oportet urgueri. lege enim nostra signatum est nec esse extraordinaria nec vocari, quae specialiter a provincialibus devotissimis conferenda sunt.

The same Augustus, to Uranium. All without exception ought to be urged to the oblation of monies. For it is enacted by our law that those things which are to be contributed specifically by the most devoted provincials are neither to be extraordinary nor
to be so called.

dat. iii non. feb.

dated on the 3rd day before the Nones of February.

constantio a. ii et constante conss. (339 febr. 3).

under constantius, augustus, 2, and constans, consuls. (339 feb. 3).

CTh.11.1.6

Impp. constantius et constans aa. ordini caesenatium. vinum, quod ad cellarii usus ministrari solet, cuncti italiae possessores iuxta statutum constantii fratris mei comparent.

emperors constantius and constans, augusti, to the order of the caesennates. the wine, which is accustomed to be supplied for the uses of the cellar, let all possessors of italy procure in accordance with the statute of constantius, my brother.

quod ut fieri facilius possit, ab omnibus italis nostris conferatur pecuniae quantitas ea, quam rufini viri clarissimi et illustris praefecti praetorio parentis amicique nostri moderatio dandam esse censuerat. dat. xi kal.

that this may be able to be done more easily, from all our Italians there shall be contributed that quantity of money which the regulation of Rufinus, a most renowned and illustrious man, Prefect of the Praetorium, our parent and friend, had judged ought to be given. given on the 11th day before the Kalends.

iun. mediolano constantio vii et constante iii aa. conss. (354 mai.

june. at milan
constantius 7 and constans 3, emperors, consuls. (may 354.

22).

CTh.11.1.7

Theodosian Code 11.1.7

Idem aa. ad senatum. compertum est pro colonis profugis ad exsolvenda vos fiscalia conveniri. iubemus igitur, si nihil ex eorundem terris senatorum quemquam possidere constiterit, ut nulla cuiquam pensitandi pro his qui aufugerint necessitas imponatur.

The same Augusti to the Senate. It has been ascertained that, on behalf of fugitive coloni, you are being proceeded against for the discharge of fiscal dues. We therefore order that, if it has been established that none of the senators possesses anything from the lands of those same men, no necessity of paying on behalf of those who have fled be imposed upon anyone.

dat. v non. mai.

dated on the 5th day before the Nones of May, May 3.

tauro et florentio conss. (361 mai. 3).

taurus and florentius, consuls. (361 May 3).

CTh.11.1.8

Theodosian Code 11.1.8

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. nemini aurum pro speciebus urbis romae liceat exigere de futuro.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Let no one be permitted to exact gold in lieu of provisions for the City of Rome in advance.

dat. id. iun. naissi divo ioviano et varroniano conss.

Given on the Ides of June at Naissus, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus.

(364 iun. 8).

(364 June 8).

CTh.11.1.9

Idem aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. tabulariorum fraudes se resecasse per suburbicarias regiones vir clarissimus anatolius consularis missa relatione testatus est, quod pabula, quae hactenus ex eorum voluntate atque arbitrio ad mutationes mansionesque singulas animalibus cursui publico deputatis repente atque improvise solebant convehi, nunc in consilio ratione tractata pro longinquitate vel molestia itineris ab unoquoque oppido certo ac denuntiato tempore devehi ordinavit. quod iubemus, ut etiam per omnes italiae regiones pari ratione servetur.

The same Emperors to Mamertinus, the praetorian prefect. The most distinguished man Anatolius, a consularis, has attested by a dispatched report that he has cut back the frauds of the tabularii through the Suburbicarian regions, because the fodders, which hitherto, at their will and discretion, used to be conveyed suddenly and unexpectedly to the relay- and lodging-stations
for the animals assigned to the public cursus, now—with counsel handled by reason—he has ordained to be carried from each town, according to the remoteness or trouble of the journey, at a fixed and announced time. Which we order to be observed likewise through all the regions of Italy in the same manner.

dat. prid. non.

dated the day before the Nones.

mar. treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 mart.

Mar., at Trier, with Valentinian and Valens, emperors, as consuls. (365 Mar.

6).

CTh.11.1.10

Idem aa. ad dracontium vicarium africae. omnes, qui per africam opulentas desertasve centurias possident, ad integrum professionis modum necessitati publicae satisfaciant. dat.

The same Augusti to Dracontius, vicar of Africa. All who throughout Africa possess opulent or deserted centuriae shall satisfy the public necessity to the full measure of the professio. Given.

xvi kal. iun. mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

May 17, at Milan, Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, consuls.

(365 mai. 17).

(365 May 17).

CTh.11.1.11

Theodosian Code 11.1.11

Idem aa. ad dracontium vicarium africae. pro loco ac proximitate possessionum annona ad limitem transvehatur. quae iussio haut difficile capit effectum, si tabularii metu praesentium tormentorum a consuetis fraudibus arceantur.

The same Emperors to Dracontius, Vicarius of Africa. According to the location and proximity of the estates, the annona shall be transported to the border (limes). This order will take effect without difficulty, if the tabularii, deterred by fear of present torments, are kept from their customary frauds.

dat. xv kal. iul.

given on June 17.

mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 mai. 17).

at mediolanum valentinian and valens augusti consuls. (365 may 17).

CTh.11.1.12

Idem aa. ad faventium vicarium italiae. quisquis ex desertis agris veluti vagos servos liberalitate nostra fuerit consecutus, pro fiscalibus pensitationibus ad integram glebae professionem, ex qua videlicet servi videantur manere, habeatur obnoxius. id etiam circa eos observari volumus, qui ex huiusmodi fundis servos ad possessiones suas transire permiserint.

The same Augusti to Faventius, Vicar of Italy. Whoever, from deserted fields, shall have obtained, by our liberality, slaves as if wandering, let him be held liable for fiscal payments to the full profession of the glebe, from which, namely, the slaves are seen to remain. We also will this to be observed concerning those who have permitted slaves from such estates to pass over to their own possessions.

etiam si militares viri aliquos ex his penes se retentant, conveniendi primitus sunt, ut aut restituant quos perperam petiverunt, aut sciant pro tributis obnoxios se futuros. dat. prid.

even if military men retain some of these with themselves, they must first be convened, so that either they restore those whom they have wrongfully claimed, or they know that they themselves will be liable for the tributes. Given, the day before.

kal. aug. mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

on 1 august at milan, valentinian and valens, the augusti, consuls.

(365 iul. 31).

(365 July 31).

CTh.11.1.13

Theodosian Code 11.1.13

Idem aa. ad dracontium vicarium africae. placuit per singulos quosque annos reliqua eorum, qui romae consistentes in africa possident, missis brevibus indicari eosdemque compelli, ut procuratores instructos ad officium tuae sinceritatis pro celebranda solutione transmittant. ut autem nihil de transmissione ac pervectione obscuritatis oriatur, tabularios praefecti annonae africae, sed et urbis romae ad officium, quod sollertiae tuae paret, deduci praecipimus, collaturos aput acta, quid transmissum, quid pervectum sit.

The same Augusti to Dracontius, vicarius of Africa. It has been decided that each and every year the arrears of those who, residing at Rome, possess in Africa be reported by briefs sent, and that the same be compelled to transmit procurators, duly instructed, to the officium of your Sincerity for the completion of the payment.
But so that no obscurity may arise concerning transmission and conveyance, we order that the tabularii of the Prefect of the Annona of Africa, and also of the City of Rome, be brought to the officium which is subject to your Diligence, to set forth in the official acts what has been transmitted and what has been conveyed.

cuius rei indicia manere et perferri ad scrinia nostra debebunt, eo nihilo minus curando, ut plena instructio ad officium illustris praefecturae praetorianae deferatur. dat. xv kal.

The indicia of this matter
must remain and be conveyed to our scrinia, taking care nonetheless that a full instruction to the office of the Illustrious Praetorian Prefecture
be delivered. Given on the 15th before the Kalends.

nov. parisis; acc. xv kal.

November, at Paris; received on the 15th day before the Kalends.

feb. karthagine post cons. valentiniani et valentis aa. (365 oct.

feb. at Carthage, after the consulship of Valentinian and Valens, Augusti. (365 oct.

18).

CTh.11.1.14

Theodosian Code 11.1.14

Idem aa. ad modestum praefectum praetorio. penes quos fundorum dominia sunt, pro his colonis originalibus, quos in locis isdem censos esse constabit, vel per se vel per actores proprios recepta compulsionis sollicitudine implenda munia functionis agnoscant. sane quibus terrarum erit quantulacumque possessio, qui in suis conscripti locis proprio nomine libris censualibus detinentur, ab huius praecepti communione discernimus; eos enim convenit propriae commissos mediocritati annonarias functiones sub solito exactore cognoscere.

The same emperors to Modestus, Praetorian Prefect. Those in whose hands the dominion of estates lies, on behalf of those original coloni who shall be found to have been registered in the same places, whether by themselves or through their own agents, having taken on the solicitude of compulsion, shall acknowledge the duties of the function to be fulfilled. Moreover, those who will have any, however small, possession of lands, who in their own localities are enrolled and are held in the census books under their own name, we distinguish from the sharing of this precept; for it is fitting that they, entrusted to their own mediocrity, should recognize the annona functions under the usual collector.

dat. kal. mai.

given on the kalends of may.

constantinopoli gratiano a. et dagalaifo conss. (366 [372 vel 374?] mai. 1).

at constantinople, gratian augustus and dagalaifus, consuls. (366 [372 or 374?] may 1).

CTh.11.1.15 [=brev.11.1.1]

Impp. valent. et valens aa. ad probum pf. p. unusquisque annonarias species pro modo capitationis et sortium praebiturus, per quaternos menses anni curriculo distributo, tribus vicibus summam collationis implebit.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Probus, Praetorian Prefect: Each person, to furnish the annona-species in proportion to the measure of the capitation and of the shares, with the course of the year distributed in four-month periods, shall fulfill the total of the contribution three times.

si vero quisquam uno tempore omnia sua debita optat expendere, proprio in accelerandis necessitatibus suis utatur arbitrio. dat. xiv.

If, however, anyone desires to expend all his debts at one time,
let him use his own arbitrament in accelerating his necessities. Given on the 14.

kal. iun. remis, gratiano et dagalaipho coss.

June 1, at Reims, in the consulship of Gratian and Dagalaiphus.

interpretatio. ista lex hoc praecipit, ut in inferendo publicis horreis tritico, quod debet, possessor pro rata canonis sui tribus illationibus, id est quaternis mensibus singulas debitorum partes acceleret, ut per annum summa debiti canonis impleatur. erit autem in ipsius arbitrio, si celerius potuerit, debita frumenta convehere

interpretation. this law prescribes that, in bringing into the public granaries the wheat which he owes, the possessor, pro rata of his canon, by three deliveries, that is, every four months, shall accelerate the single parts of the debts, so that through the year the sum of the debt of the canon may be fulfilled. it will, moreover, be in his own discretion, if he is able more quickly, to convey the owed grain

CTh.11.1.16

Theodosian Code 11.1.16

Idem aa. ad dracontium. provinciales nostri tributa fiscalia per anni curriculum tripertita satisfactione restituant. dat.

The same Augusti to Dracontius. Let our provincials restore the fiscal tributes through the course of the year by a tripartite satisfaction. Given.

viii kal. nov. nicomediae post cons.

on the eighth day before the Kalends of November, at Nicomedia, after the consulship.

gratiani a. et dagalaifi. (367 oct. 25).

of gratian augustus and dagalaifus. (367 oct. 25).

CTh.11.1.17 [=brev.11.1.2]

Imppp. valent., valens et grat. aaa.

The emperors Valentinian, Valens, and Gratian, Augusti.

ad crescentem vicarium africae. heredes scripti etiam pro minus idoneis fundis fiscale onus cogantur agnoscere, vel, si renuntiandum hereditati putent, cedant his omnibus rebus, quas ex iisdem bonis quocumque* titulo et iure perceperint. dat.

to crescent, the vicarius of africa. let the heirs named even in respect of less suitable estates be compelled to acknowledge the fiscal burden, or, if they think the inheritance ought to be renounced, let them cede all those things which they have received from the same goods under whatsoever* title and right. given.

iv. id. iul. contionaci, gratiano a. ii. et probo coss.

12 July, at Contionacum, in the consulship of Gratian, Augustus, for the 2nd time, and Probus, consuls.

interpretatio. hi, qui heredes testamento scripti sunt, hereditariorum agrorum onus, id est tributum cogantur agnoscere. quod si hereditatem sibi damnosam credunt, cedant his omnibus rebus, quae eis de hac ipsa hereditate poterunt provenire

interpretation. Those who are heirs written in the testament are to be compelled to acknowledge the burden of the hereditary fields, that is, the tribute. But if they believe the inheritance to be damaging to themselves, let them cede all those things which could accrue to them from this very inheritance

CTh.11.1.18

Theodosian Code 11.1.18

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad populum.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, the augusti, to the people.

quisquis possessor aut maximae dignitatis aut infimae annonae urbis aeternae annuam pensitationem solvendo moram dilationis adtulerit, eius anni atque indictionis exordio, quae novum denuo annonae commeatibus poscit obsequium, duplum protinus et iam gravi coactus incommodo restituere cogatur; aut si forte non profecerit etiam geminati debiti in adceleranda solutione correctio, quadrupli, deinceps etiam proprii dilapidatione patrimonii, vestrae liberorumque vestrorum alimoniae profuturi ingratus et degener civis exsolvat. dat. vii kal.

Whoever, whether a possessor of the highest dignity or of the lowest status of the annona of the Eternal City, has brought a delay of postponement to the paying of the annual payment, at the beginning of that year and indiction, which demands anew obedience to the convoys of the annona, let him be compelled straightway, already constrained by a heavy inconvenience, to restore double; or, if perhaps even the correction of a doubled debt does not succeed in accelerating the payment, let him discharge fourfold—thereafter even by the dilapidation of his own patrimony, which would be of use for the nourishment of you and your children—as an ungrateful and degenerate citizen. Given on the 7th day before the Kalends.

ian. aquileiae syagrio et eucherio conss. (381 dec.

jan. at aquileia, syagrius and eucherius consuls. (381 dec.

[?] 26).

CTh.11.1.19

Theodosian Code 11.1.19

Idem aaa. post alia: id, quod in titulis debitis sub praestatione confertur auraria, non aliter nisi scientibus defensoribus detur, quo sub eorum conscientia, sicut et ante praeceptum est, solvantur debita securitatesque reddantur, custodita sanctione emissae primitus legis, quo apocharum vel securitatum, quae restituentur, digesta signatio, cum a susceptoribus dabitur, et formam indictionis teneat et manifestationem eius quae fuerit exacta praestationis ostendat. dat.

The same Emperors, after other matters: that which in the titles of debts is contributed under the aurarian prestation, is to be given not otherwise than with the defenders being aware, so that under
their conscience, just as has also been prescribed before, debts may be paid and securities returned, the sanction of the law first issued being kept,
whereby the arranged signing of receipts or securities, which are to be restored, when it will be given by the receivers, both may hold the form of the indiction and
show the manifestation of the prestation that has been exacted. Given.

prid. kal. feb.

on the day before the kalends of february.

beryto richomere et clearcho conss. (384 ian. 31).

At Berytus, with Richomer and Clearchus consuls. (384 Jan. 31).

CTh.11.1.20

Theodosian Code 11.1.20

Idem aaa. ad principium praefectum praetorio. in fraudem annonariae rei ac devotionis publicae elicitum damnabili obreptione rescriptum manifestum est vires non posse sortiri.

the same augusti to principius, praetorian prefect. it is manifest that a rescript elicited by damnable obreption, in fraud of the annona-matter and of public devotion, cannot acquire force.

circa omnes igitur par atque aequalis illationis forma teneatur. dat. viii kal.

Therefore, with respect to all, a like and equal form of imposition shall be maintained. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

octob. aquileiae arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 sept.

Oct. at Aquileia, Arcadius
the Younger Augustus, and Bauto, consuls. (385 Sept.

24).

CTh.11.1.21

Theodosian Code 11.1.21

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to cynegius, praetorian prefect.

nemo possessorum ad instruendas mansiones vel conferendas species excepta limitaneorum annona longius delegetur, sed omnis itineris ac necessitatis habita ratione. dat. x kal.

let none of the possessors be assigned farther for equipping the posting-stations or for furnishing in‑kind supplies, the annona of the frontier troops excepted, but with consideration had of the whole journey and of necessity. given on the 10th day before the kalends.

ian. constantinopoli arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 dec.

jan. at Constantinople, Arcadius Augustus for the 1st time and Bauto consuls. (385 Dec.

23).

CTh.11.1.22

Theodosian Code 11.1.22

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. mediterraneae civitates antea maritimis et maritimae mediterraneis onerabantur expensis, ut plus haberet dispendii translatio quam devotionis illatio.

The same Augusti, to Cynegius, praetorian prefect. The inland cities were formerly burdened with expenses for the maritime ones, and the maritime with those for the inland, such that the transfer had more expense than the remittance of devotion.

hoc non solum in praesens, verum etiam in posterum prohibemus ea lege, ut se ultimo noverint supplicio puniendos, qui ista commiserint. dat. iii non.

We prohibit this not only for the present, but also for the future, on this condition: that
those who have committed these things shall know themselves to be punished with the ultimate penalty. Given on the 3rd day before the Nones.

sep. valentiae honorio nb. p. et evodio conss. (386 sept.

sept. at Valentia, in the consulship of Honorius, noblest boy, and Evodius (386 sept.

3).

CTh.11.1.23

Theodosian Code 11.1.23

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio.

the emperors theodosius, arcadius and honorius, augusti, to rufinus, praetorian prefect

aerariae praestationis adiectio, quam citra priscam consuetudinem provincialium umeris tatianus imposuit, a cunctis penitus salubri moderatione removenda est. dat. prid.

The addition of the treasury exaction, which Tatianus, contrary to pristine
custom, imposed upon the shoulders of the provincials, must be removed from all entirely by salutary moderation. Given the day before.

id. iun. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 iun.

ides of june. at constantinople theodosius augustus for the 3rd time and abundantius, consuls. (393 jun.

12).

CTh.11.1.24

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. ennoio suo salutem. textrinis vel gynaeceis ex more a corporatis karthaginis species solitas praestari cognovimus, sed inmodica pro isdem reddi pretia.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, send greeting to their Ennoius. We have learned that, according to custom, in the weaving-shops or gynaecea the usual kinds of goods are furnished by the corporati of Carthage, but that immoderate prices are being paid for the same.

quod in dispendium nolumus fieri corporatorum, atque ideo sublimitas tua pretiorum modum statuat. dat. xii kal.

which we do not wish to be done to the detriment of the corporators, and therefore let Your Sublimity set a measure for the prices. Given on the 12 Kalends.

ian. mediolano olybrio et probino conss. (395 dec.

jan. at milan, in the consulship of olybrius and probinus (395 dec.

21).

CTh.11.1.25

Theodosian Code 11.1.25

Idem aa. minervio comiti rerum privatarum. obsistere commodis publicis et statutis necessitatibus non possunt privilegia dignitatum. unde ut quisque praedii emolumenta consequitur, si non evoluto anni spatio intra sex menses omnem, cui esse constrictus dicitur, reliquorum intulerit cumulum, ad ipsos, qui sunt domini praedii, exactionem volumus pertinere.

The same Augusti to Minervius, Count of the Private Estate. The privileges of dignities cannot oppose public commodities and statutory necessities. Hence, as each person obtains the emoluments of a praedium, if, before the lapse of a year, he does not, within six months, bring in the whole accumulation of arrears to which he is said to be bound, we will the exaction to pertain to the very persons who are the lords of the praedium.

proposita in programmate vari viri clarissimi vicarii urbis romae honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss. (398...).

published in the programma of varius, a most distinguished man, vicarius of the city of rome
when honorius augustus (4) and eutychianus were consuls (398...).

CTh.11.1.26

Idem aa. vincentio praefecto praetorio galliarum. omni amoto privilegio beneficiorum possessores sublimitas tua praecipiet universos muneribus adstringi, earum scilicet provinciarum, ex quibus orta querimonia est aut in quibus haec retinendae plebis ratio adscriptioque servatur. nullum gratia relevet, nullum iniquae partitionis vexet incommodum, sed pari omnes sorte teneantur; ita tamen, ut, si ad alterius personam transferatur praedium, cui certus plebis numerus fuerit adscriptus, venditi onera novellus possessor compellatur agnoscere, cum plebem constet non tam in omnibus praediis adscribendam neque auferendam ab eo, cui semel posthac deputata fuerit.

The same emperors to Vincentius, praetorian prefect of the Gauls. With every privilege removed, Your Sublimity shall order that all possessors of benefices be bound to the public burdens (munera), namely of those provinces from which the complaint has arisen or in which this plan for retaining the plebs and its adscription is observed. Let favor relieve no one, let no inconvenience of an iniquitous partition vex anyone, but let all be held in an equal lot; yet in such a way that, if an estate is transferred to the person of another, to which a fixed number of plebs has been adscript, the new possessor be compelled to acknowledge the burdens of the thing sold, since it is agreed that the plebs is not to be adscripted to all estates indiscriminately, nor to be taken away from him to whom it shall once hereafter have been assigned.

et cetera. dat. xiii kal.

and the rest. Given on the 13th day before the Kalends.

iul. mediolano theodoro v. c. cons. (399 iun.

jul. at milan, in the consulship of theodorus, a most distinguished man. (399 jun.

19).

CTh.11.1.27

Theodosian Code 11.1.27

Idem aa. salvino comiti rerum privatarum. opulentos, quos annua solutione debitas inferre convenerat pensiones, cum eo, quod resedit in debitum, quadruplum iubemus inferre. ii vero, quos forte mediocritas a contumaciae huius excusat invidia, simplam debiti summam omni maturitate redhibere cogantur.

The same Augusti to Salvino, count of the Private Property. We order the opulent, who had agreed by annual settlement to bring in the due pensions, to pay quadruple together with that which has settled into
debt. Those, however, whom mediocrity of means perhaps excuses from the odium of this contumacy, let them be compelled to render back the simple sum of the debt with all
promptness.

quos tamen oportuerat pro media saltem praeceptionis condemnatione retineri, qui ad solvenda rei nostrae debita extiterunt. dat. id. nov.

whom, nevertheless, it was proper to hold for at least half the sentence under the precept, they who had undertaken to discharge the debts of our estate.
Given on the Ides of November.

ravennae stilichone et aureliano conss. (400

at ravenna, stilicho and aurelian, consuls. (400

[405] nov. 13).

[405] Nov. 13).

CTh.11.1.28

Theodosian Code 11.1.28

Idem aa. pompeiano proconsuli africae. veterani terras censibus obligatas, ut cognovimus, vindicarunt, pro quibus tributum solvere dedignantur. quoscumque igitur insertas censibus terras tenere fuerit deprehensum, ilico ad solvenda tributa compelli praecipimus.

The same Augusti to Pompeianus, proconsul of Africa. Veterans have claimed lands obligated in the census, as we have learned, and for these they disdain to pay the tribute.
Therefore, whoever shall be found to hold lands entered in the census registers, we order to be compelled forthwith to pay the tribute.

dat. prid. kal.

given on the day before the Kalends.

ian. mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss. (400 dec.

jan. at milan, with stilicho and aurelianus as consuls. (400 dec.

31).

CTh.11.1.29

Theodosian Code 11.1.29

Idem aa. provincialibus provinciae proconsularis. perpensa cura statuimus, ut non amplius vobis aliquid extra ordinem indicetur, quam rei annonariae necessitas ac devotio postularit. si quid vero de eodem modo diversarum specierum potuerit redundare, futurae iussimus illationi proficere, scilicet ut in locis propriis collata frumenta possessor ..... dependat ut vicenis solidis, qui in praeteritum pro equis curatoriciis petebantur, duo solidi detrahantur, ita ut proconsularis .... numidiae cognoscat octonos et denos solidos pro singulis equis debere persolvere, byzaceni etiam tripolitanique cognoscant quinos denos pro singulis equis se debere praestare, sportularum autem nomine, quae comiti sacri stabuli praestabantur, nihil penitus inferendum.

The same emperors to the provincials of the proconsular province. with weighed care we have decreed that nothing further be imposed upon you out of the ordinary than what the necessity and devotion of the annona require. but if anything of the same sort of various kinds should be able to overflow, we have ordered it to profit the future levy, namely that, in their proper places, the grain contributed the owner ..... shall pay out, that from the twenty solidi which in the past were demanded for curatorian horses, two solidi be deducted, so that the proconsular .... of Numidia may know that he owes to pay eighteen solidi for each horse, and the Byzaceni and also the Tripolitani may know that they owe to provide fifteen for each horse; but under the name of sportulae, which used to be furnished to the Count of the Sacred Stable, nothing at all is to be levied.

dat. prid. kal.

dated, the day before the Kalends.

april. mediolano vincentio et fravito conss. (401 mart.

April. At Milan, Vincentius and Fravitus, consuls. (401
March.

31).

CTh.11.1.30

Theodosian Code 11.1.30

Imppp. arcadius, honorius et theodosius aaa. sapidiano vicario africae.

the emperors arcadius, honorius and theodosius, the augusti, to sapidianus, vicar of africa

super mutando canone a quolibet impetrata rescripta vacuentur et si qui deinceps ausus fuerit quae prohibemus postulare, in duplum teneatur obnoxius. nam cum in privatis causis quae contra leges fuerint elicita, cassentur, rectius in publicis negotiis quae adversum vetera decreta extorta fuerint, submovemus. dat.

Rescripts obtained by anyone concerning changing the canon are to be voided; and if anyone henceforth shall have dared to petition for what we prohibit, he shall be held liable in double. For since, in private causes, those that have been elicited contrary to the laws are quashed, more rightly, in public business, we remove those that have been extorted against the ancient decrees. Given.

prid. non. septemb.

the day before the Nones of September.

altino arcadio a. vi et probo conss. (406 sept. 4).

at Altinum, when Arcadius, for the 6th time, and Probus were consuls (406 sept. 4).

CTh.11.1.31

Theodosian Code 11.1.31

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. seleuco praefecto praetorio. possessor africanus pro destitutis possessionibus cogitur tributa dependere.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Seleucus, Praetorian Prefect. The African possessor is compelled to pay the tributes for deserted possessions.

quod ne accidat, hac definitione sancimus nullum possessorem neque munificum praedium pro alienis debitis vel destitutione esse detinendum neque eorum praediorum depectione praegravari, quae ex isdem bonis, quae retinent, nequaquam esse monstrantur, ne ullis praestigiis atque commentis exactio mutiletur. electos igitur inspectores iam nunc censuimus esse mittendos, ut eorum relatione, integro canoni et illibatae pensitationi sollemni quatenus provideri debeat, aestimetur. dat.

Lest this happen, by this definition we sanction that no possessor nor any service‑bearing estate be held for others’ debts or desertion,
nor be weighed down by the exaction upon those estates which are by no means shown to be from the same goods that they retain, lest
by any prestidigitations and contrivances the exaction be mutilated. Therefore we have now determined that chosen inspectors are to be sent, so that by their report it may be assessed to what extent provision ought to be made for the intact canon and the unblemished solemn pensitation. Given.

prid. kal. feb.

the day before the kalends of february.

ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 ian. 31).

at ravenna under honorius 9 and
theodosius 5, the augusti, consuls. (412 jan. 31).

CTh.11.1.32

Idem aa. euchario proconsuli africae. illationem omnem auri vel argenti a possessoribus in karthaginiensi urbe poscendam esse decernimus, in qua opportunitas est, si depraedator fraudium pareat, iudicis adeundi, ne cui sit facultas apochas abnegari, cum devotio cognitori potuerit aperiri, scilicet remotis omnibus, qui ad exactionem provincialium exquisita lucra captare festinant. dat.

The same Augusti to Eucharius, proconsul of Africa. We decree that every levy of gold or silver is to be demanded from the landholders in the Carthaginian city, where there is the opportunity, if the despoiler by fraud should submit, of approaching the judge, lest anyone have the ability to deny receipts, since the authorization to the cognitor can be disclosed, namely with all removed who hasten to seize exquisite profits from the exaction of the provincials. Given.

prid. kal. mar.

the day before the Kalends of March.

ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 febr. 29).

At Ravenna, under the consulship of the Augusti Honorius for the 9th time and Theodosius for the 5th time, consuls. (412 Feb. 29).

CTh.11.1.33

Theodosian Code 11.1.33

Imp. theodosius a. isidoro praefecto praetorio illyrici. id ab unaquaque provincia censuimus expetendum, quod ab isdem nuper esse promissum tua sublimitas indicavit.

The Emperor Theodosius, Augustus, to Isidorus, Praetorian Prefect of Illyricum. We have determined that this is to be demanded from each province, which your Sublimity indicated had been recently promised by those same persons.

ut vero nullus de cetero ad possessiones eorum, quod maxime reformidant, inspector accedat, macedonum reliqui exemplum secuti mediae quantitatis, ut obtulisse noscuntur, tributa suscipiant. sed achivi, qui protestati sunt nihil a se ultra tertiam partem posse conferri, illud exsolvant, ad quod se indubitanter fore idoneos pollicentur. quae dispositio in perpetuum observanda initio indictionis octavae congruum sumere debebit exordium.

so that indeed henceforth no inspector may approach their possessions, which they most greatly dread, let the remaining Macedonians, following the example, assume tributes of a middle measure, as they are known to have proffered. but the Achaeans, who have protested that nothing beyond a third part can be contributed by themselves, shall discharge that which they promise they will undoubtedly be able for. this arrangement, to be observed in perpetuity, ought to take a fitting beginning at the start of the eighth indiction.

sacrosancta thessalonicensis ecclesia civitatis excepta, ita tamen, ut aperte sciat, propriae tantummodo capitationis modum beneficio mei numinis sublevandum nec externorum gravamine tributorum rem publicam ecclesiastici nominis abusione laedendam. dat. vi id. octob.

The sacrosanct church of the city of Thessalonica excepted, yet in such a way that it may plainly know that only the measure of its own capitation is to be alleviated by the benefit of my numen, and that the commonwealth is not to be harmed by the burden of external tributes through an abuse of the ecclesiastical name. Given on the 6th day before the Ides of October.

constantinopoli victore v. c. cons. (424 oct. 10).

At Constantinople, in the consulship of Victor, a most distinguished man (424 oct. 10).

CTh.11.1.34

Codex Theodosianus 11.1.34

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. celeri suo salutem. numquam dissimulatione iudicum pro compulsore aut opinatore africanus possessor mittatur in praedam, sed quattuor mensum ab edicti publicati die indutiis datis aurum a possessore capitolio studio spontaneae devotionis sancimus inferri: ultra id tempus si tarditas adferatur, tunc militi debiti postulati delegandam esse rationem.

Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian, Augusti, to their Celer, greetings. Let an African possessor never, through the dissimulation of judges, be sent as prey for a compulsor or an opinator; but, a respite of four months from the day of the published edict having been granted, we sanction that gold be brought by the possessor to the Capitol with zeal of spontaneous devotion: beyond that time, if delay is introduced, then the matter of the debt demanded is to be delegated to the soldier.

quae pietatem nostram viri spectabilis bubulci comitis et legati decernere coegit eloquium. dat. v kal.

which has compelled the eloquence of our piety to decree the man of spectabilis rank, Bubulcus, count and legate. Given on the 5th day before the Kalends.

mar. post cons. felicis et tauri.

Mar. after the consulship of Felix and Taurus.

(429 febr. 25).

(429 February 25).

CTh.11.1.35

Idem aa. volusiano praefecto praetorio. post alia: ne provinciales, ad quorum utilitates spectat omnis haec nostra provisio, a devotione revocet nimia securitas et solvendi voluntas cesset necessitate submota, ea, quae nostro aerario pensitantur, hac ratione dissolvent, ut omni modo, antequam elabatur indictio, annua tributa gratus beneficiis nostris possessor exsolvat. si quis vero solutionem voluerit in tempora longiora differre, hunc provinciae rector omni exactionis acerbitate compellat.

The same Augusti to Volusianus, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: lest the provincials, toward whose utilities all this our provision is directed, be called back from devotion by excessive security and the will to pay cease with necessity removed, they shall discharge, in this manner, those amounts which are paid into our Aerarium (treasury), namely that in every way, before the indiction elapses, the possessor, grateful for our benefactions, shall pay the annual tributes. If anyone should wish to defer payment into longer times, let the governor of the province compel him with all the severity of exaction.

et cetera. dat. xvi kal.

and so forth. given on the 16th day before the Kalends.

mart. ravennae post cons. felicis et tauri.

in march, at ravenna, after the consulship of felix and taurus.

(429 febr. 14).

(429 Feb. 14).

CTh.11.1.36

Idem aa. flaviano praefecto praetorio. excepto patrimonio pietatis nostrae, cuius quidem reditus necessitatibus publicis frequentissime deputamus, universos possessores functiones in canonicis et superindicticiis titulis absque ullius beneficii exceptione agnoscere oportere censemus. igitur tua sublimitas pragmatici nostri statuta custodiens indifferenter cunctum possessorem obnoxium videlicet publicae functioni ad subeunda designatione distributa compellet.

the same emperors to flavianus, praetorian prefect. with the patrimony of our piety excepted, whose revenues indeed we most frequently assign to public necessities,
we judge that all possessors ought to acknowledge the functions under the canonical and superindicted titles, without exception of any privilege.
therefore your sublimity, keeping the statutes of our pragmatic sanction, shall without distinction compel every possessor, namely one liable to the public function,
to undergo the burdens apportioned by designation.

dat. iii kal. mai.

dated on the 3rd day before the Kalends of May.

ravennae basso et antiocho conss. (431 apr. 29).

at Ravenna, under the consuls Bassus and Antiochus (431 apr. 29).

CTh.11.1.37

Theodosian Code 11.1.37

Idem aa. dario praefecto praetorio. praeteritis, utcumque impetrata sunt, in suo statu manentibus, quoniam munificentiam principalem nefas est revocari, in posterum excepto cyro reverentissimo afrodisiensium civitatis episcopo, cuius tanta sunt merita, ut etiam contra generalem huiusmodi sanctionem speciali beneficio perfrui non vetetur, quicumque per adnotationem nostram in auro voluerit tributa dependere, communicata aestimatione quinquennii, sterilitatis ac fecunditatis pro foro rerum venalium habita ratione, ex eadem summa, quae eiusdem quinquennii perpensis frugibus colligitur, partem quintam pro annis singulis solvere compellantur. dat.

The same Augusti to Darius, Praetorian Prefect. With past grants, however they were obtained, remaining in their condition, since it is sacrilege to revoke imperial munificence,
for the future, with the exception of Cyrus, most reverend bishop of the city of Aphrodisias—whose merits are so great that he is not forbidden to enjoy a special benefaction even against a general sanction of this sort—whoever shall have wished, by our annotation, to pay the tributes in gold,
a valuation for the quinquennium having been jointly arranged, with regard had to sterility and fecundity according to the market for wares, from that same total
which is collected for that same quinquennium, the produce having been weighed, they shall be compelled to pay a fifth part for each single year. Given.

v kal. septemb. apameae isidoro et senatore conss.

August 28, at Apamea, in the consulship of Isidorus and Senator.

(436 aug. 28).

CTh.11.2.0. Tributa in ipsis speciebus inferri

CTh.11.2.0. Tributes to be paid in the very kinds.

CTh.11.2.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. scias inhibitam esse apochandi licentiam, ita ut ne ex praesenti aut futuro vel praeterito sub hoc titulo nummus a provincialibus postuletur.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Know that the license of issuing apochai (receipts) has been inhibited, in such a way that under this title no coin shall be demanded from the provincials from the present or the future or the past.

proposita prid. id. aug. valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

Published on August 12, under the consulship of Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti.

(365 aug. 12).

(365 Aug. 12).

CTh.11.2.2pr.

CTh.11.2.2, preamble.

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. commoda cogitantes urbis aeternae vini speciem ita provinciales statuimus comportare, ut apochandi praesumptione damnata vina romam portentur. (365 oct.

The same Augusti to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Considering the interests of the Eternal City, we have determined that the provincials are to transport the commodity of wine in such a way that, with the presumption of apoche condemned, the wines are to be carried to Rome. (365 Oct.

[?] 23).

CTh.11.2.2.1

In tantumque populi usibus profutura provisionis nostrae emolumenta porreximus, ut etiam pretio laxamenta tribuantur. sanximus quippe, ut per vini singulas qualitates detracta quarta pretiorum, quae habentur in foro rerum venalium, eadem species a mercantibus comparetur. dat.

And to such an extent have we extended the emoluments of our provision, to be of profit for the uses of the people, that relaxations even in price be granted. We have sanctioned, indeed, that, for each several quality of wine, a fourth part of the prices that are held in the forum of vendible goods being deducted, the same species be purchased by merchants. Given.

x kal. nov. mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

on the 10th day before the Kalends of November (October 23), at Milan, when Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, were consuls.

(365 oct. [?] 23).

(365 October [?] 23).

CTh.11.2.3

Theodosian Code 11.2.3

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. ad probianum praefectum urbi.

The emperors Valens, Gratian, and Valentinian, the Augusti, to Probianus, Prefect of the City

vinum, quod sollemnis expressio popularibus commodis ex provincialium collectione desiderat, ilico suscipiatur advectum, ut erogationis pro tempore cura praestetur et ea vina populi usibus erogentur, quae natura sua processum temporis ferre non possunt. quod peraeque in omni vino, quod ex urbicaria regione confertur, observandum esse censemus. dat.

The wine which the solemn exaction desires for the people’s commodities from the collection of provincials shall be received forthwith when brought in, so that care may be provided for erogation according to the time, and those wines shall be dispensed for the uses of the people which by their nature cannot bear the process of time. We judge that this must likewise be observed in all wine which is contributed from the Urbicarian region. Given.

xv kal. octob. treviris gratiano a. iiii et merobaude conss.

September 17, at Trier, when Gratian Augustus for the 4th time and Merobaudes were consuls.

(377 sept. 17).

(September 17, 377).

CTh.11.2.4

Theodosian Code 11.2.4

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. earum rerum, quae in praebitionibus canonicis vel debitis ex more poscuntur, non sunt pretia specierum, sed ipsae quae postulantur species inferendae, scilicet ut, quod maximum est et unde omnis solet querella procedere, in annonario quoque titulo species annonarias solvant neque sub taxationibus pretiorum dispendiosis occasionibus adquiescant.

The emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, Augusti. As to those things which in canonical provisions or debts demanded by custom are asked for, there are to be no prices of the species, but the species themselves that are requested must be brought in, namely that—what is greatest and whence every complaint is wont to proceed—under the annona title also they shall pay the annona species, and not acquiesce in occasions of price-taxations that are costly.

nam et accipientem et dantem illicitae transactionis reatus involvet. et cetera. dat.

For both the recipient and the giver will be entangled in the guilt of an illicit transaction. And the rest. Given.

prid. kal. feb.

the day before the Kalends of February

beryto richomere et clearcho consulibus. (384 ian. 31).

At Berytus, in the consulship of Richomer and Clearchus. (384 jan. 31).

CTh.11.2.5

Theodosian Code 11.2.5

Imppp. valentinianus, thedosius et arcadius aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius, and arcadius, augusti, to cynegius, praetorian prefect

ne quis pro speciebus annonariis pecunias existimet inferendas, scientibus cunctis, quod si quis contra hanc serenitatis nostrae legem captiosum aliquid putaverit perpetrandum, securitatibus hoc modo editis eos esse carituros. dat. xv kal.

let no one suppose that monies are to be paid in for the annona provisions, all being aware that, if anyone should think to perpetrate something captious against this law of Our Serenity, they will be made to lack the securities issued in this manner. Given on the 15th day before the Kalends.

ian. constantinopoli timasio et promoto conss. (389 [?] dec.

jan. at Constantinople, Timasius and Promotus, consuls. (389 [?] dec.

18).

CTh.11.3.0. Sine censu vel reliquis fundum comparari non posse

CTh.11.3.0. Without the census or the arrears being settled, an estate (fundus) cannot be acquired

CTh.11.3.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad antonium marcellinum praesidem provinciae lugdunensis primae. rei annonariae emolumenta tractantes, ut cognosceremus, quanta reliqua per singulas quasque provincias et per quae nomina ex huiusmodi pensitationibus resedissent, cognovimus hanc esse causam maxime reliquorum, quod nonnulli captantes aliquorum momentarias necessitates sub hac condicione fundos opimos comparent et electos, ut nec reliqua eorum fisco inferant et immunes eos possideant.

emperor constantine augustus to antonius marcellinus, governor of the province of lugdunensis prima. handling the emoluments of the grain-supply, in order that we might learn how much arrears had remained in each and every province and under what names from payments of this sort, we learned that this is the chief cause of the arrears: that certain men, snatching at the momentary necessities of some persons, under this condition purchase rich and chosen estates, namely, that they neither pay their arrears into the fisc and that they possess them immune.

ideoque placuit, ut, si quem constiterit huiusmodi habuisse contractum atque hoc genere possessionem esse mercatum, tam pro solidis censibus fundi comparati quam pro reliquis universis eiusdem possessionis obnoxius teneatur. dat. kal.

and therefore it has seemed good that, if it shall have been established that anyone
has had a contract of this sort and has purchased a possession in this manner, he be held liable both for the solidus assessments of the purchased estate
and for all the arrears of that same possession. Given on the Kalends.

iul. agrippinae constantino a. v et licinio c. conss. (319 iul.

jul. at Agrippina, when Constantine, Augustus, for the 5th time, and Licinius, Caesar, were consuls (319 jul.

1).

CTh.11.3.2

Theodosian Code 11.3.2

Idem a. acacio comiti macedoniae. mancipia adscripta censibus intra provinciae terminos distrahantur et qui emptione dominium nancti fuerint, inspiciendum sibi esse cognoscant. id quod in possessione quoque servari rationis est: sublatis pactionibus eorundem onera ac pensitationes publicae ad eorum sollicitudinem spectent, ad quorum dominium possessiones eaedem migraverunt.

The same Augustus to Acacius, Count of Macedonia. Let the slaves ascribed to the census rolls be sold within the bounds of the province, and let those who shall have acquired dominium by purchase recognize that the inspection falls to themselves. Which likewise it is reasonable to observe with respect to the possession: the pactions being removed, the burdens and public payments (pensations) of the same should pertain to the solicitude of those to whose dominium the same possessiones have migrated.

dat. iii kal. mart.

Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of March.

thessalonicae constantio et maximo conss. (327 febr. 27).

at thessalonica, with constantius and maximus as consuls. (27 february 327).

CTh.11.3.3 [=brev.11.2.1]

Imp. iulianus a. ad secundum pf. p. omnes pro his agris, quos possident, publicas pensitationes agnoscant; nec pactionibus contrariis adiuventur, si venditor aut donator apud se collationis sarcinam pactione illicita voluerit retinere, et si necdum translata sit professio censualis, sed apud priorem fundi dominum forte permaneat, dissimulantibus ipsis, ut non possidentes pro possidentibus exigantur. dat.

Emperor Julian Augustus to Secundus, Praetorian Prefect. Let all acknowledge, for those fields which they possess, the public pensations; nor let them be helped by contrary pactions, if the seller or donor should wish by an illicit pact to retain with himself the burden of the collation, and if the censual profession has not yet been transferred, but perhaps remains with the prior owner of the estate, with they themselves dissembling, so that non-possessors are exacted for the possessors. given.

xiv. kal. mart.

14th day before the kalends of march.

antiochiae, iuliano a. iv. et sallustio coss.

At Antioch, when Julian Augustus for the 4th time and Sallustius were consuls.

interpretatio. fundum nullus audeat comparare, sed omnes pro his agris, qui ad eos quoquo modo pervenerint, publici canonis impleant functiones. nec de solutione tributi cuicumque* liberum sit pacisci, sed sive donetur ager sive vendatur, factus dominus integra rei tributa suscipiat

interpretation. let no one dare to purchase an estate, but let all, for those fields which shall have come to them in whatever way, fulfill the functions of the public canon. nor let it be free for anyone to bargain about the payment of the tribute, but whether the field be donated or sold, the one who has become owner shall assume the entire taxes of the thing

CTh.11.3.4

Theodosian Code 11.3.4

Idem a. edictum. post alia: dominum, qui fructus capit, tributa exigi iustum est. dat.

The same Emperor, edict. After other things: it is just that tribute be exacted from the owner who takes the fruits. Given.

iii kal. mar. iuliano a. iiii et sallustio conss.

27 feb. julian augustus, consul for the 4th time, and sallustius, consuls.

(363 febr. 27).

CTh.11.3.5 [=brev.11.2.2]

Theodosian Code 11.3.5 [=Breviary 11.2.2]

Imppp. theodos., arcad. et honor.

The emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, and Honorius.

aaa. tatiano pf. p. quisquis alienae rei quoquo modo dominium consequitur, statim pro ea parte, qua possessor fuerit effectus, censualibus paginis nomen suum postulet annotari, ac se spondeat soluturum; ablataque molestia de auctore, in succedentem capitatio transferatur. dat.

aaa. to Tatianus, praetorian prefect. whoever in whatever way obtains dominium (ownership) of another’s property, immediately, for that share in which
he has become possessor, should request that his name be annotated in the censual pages, and should pledge himself to pay; and, the trouble removed from the auctor (transferor), onto
the successor let the capitation be transferred. given.

xv. kal. oct. constantinopoli, tatiano et symmacho coss.

15th day before the kalends of october, at constantinople, when tatianus and symmachus were consuls.

interpretatio. quicumque* cuiuslibet rei dominium quolibet ordine acquisierit, continuo pro ea parte, qua possessor effectus est, publicis libris nomen suum petat adscribi, ac se promittat tributum agri, cuius possessor est, soluturum, ut remota de auctore, id est de priore domino inquietudine, in praesentem dominum solutio transferatur

interpretation. whoever* shall have acquired the dominion of any thing by whatever order, immediately, for that part in which he has been made possessor, let him seek to have his name inscribed in the public books, and let him promise that he will pay the tribute of the field of which he is possessor, so that, the disturbance removed from the auctor, that is, from the prior master, the payment may be transferred onto the present master

CTh.11.4.0. Ne collatio per logografos celebretur

CTh.11.4.0. That the assessment not be conducted through logographers

CTh.11.4.1

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad modestum praefectum praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, augusti, to modestus, praetorian prefect.

si quis collator iugationem suam logografo conmiserit, eam fisco noverit vindicandam. quidquid etiam vel in pretiis vel in speciebus aut aurum ordinem delegationis oblitus praetermissis susceptoribus aut horreis ad logografos detulerit, omne hoc amissurum se esse cognoscat et exactionem a se debito ordine deposcendam. officiales autem, qui ex huiusmodi commerciis aliquid fuerint accepisse detecti, quae avaritia praecipitante captarant exerta dupli animadversione redhibebunt, ipsis dumtaxat logografis in pristinae condicionis discrimine permansuris, si quidem his pro omnibus poenis sufficiat adsiduo tormentorum periculo subiacere.

If any collator shall have entrusted his iugation to a logographer, let him know that it will be claimed by the fisc. And whatever, whether in prices or in kinds (species) or in gold, forgetting the order of delegation and having passed over the receivers (susceptores) or the granaries (horrea), he shall have delivered to the logographers, let him recognize that he will lose all of this and that the exaction will be demanded from him in the due order. But the officials who shall be detected to have received anything from commerces of this sort shall restore, with an openly applied penalty of the double, what they had snatched with precipitate avarice, the logographers themselves only remaining in the danger of their former condition, since for them, in place of all punishments, it suffices to be subject to the continual peril of torments.

dat. prid. non.

given on the day before the Nones.

april. seleucia modesto et arintheo conss. (372 apr.

April. Seleucia, in the consulship of Modestus and Arintheus (April 372.

4).

CTh.11.5.0. De indictionibus

CTh.11.5.0. On the indictions

CTh.11.5.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. pompeiano proconsuli africae. id tantum, quod est necessarium intra africam militibus consistentibus, provincialibus iubemus indici ac iuxta matricularum fidem quod exigit ratio postulari, ita ut, si quid erogationibus redundarit in speciebus diversis vel praebitione vecturisque, id futurae indictioni collationique proficiat.

The emperors Arcadius and Honorius, augusti, to Pompeianus, proconsul of Africa. Only that which is necessary for the soldiers stationed within Africa we order to be levied upon the provincials, and, in accordance with the faith of the matricular rolls, what the calculation requires to be demanded, in such a way that, if anything in the disbursements shall have overflowed in the diverse kinds of goods or in the provisioning and transports, that shall accrue to the future indiction and contribution.

dat. v kal. april.

given on the 5th day before the Kalends of april.

vincentio et fravito conss. (401 mart. 28).

in the consulship of vincentius and fravitus. (401 Mar. 28).

CTh.11.5.2

Theodosian Code 11.5.2

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. palladio praefecto praetorio. omnes omnino quocumque ex titulo possidentes quod delegatio superindicti nomine videtur amplexa velut canonem cogantur inferre, et ne qua sit dubietas, hac aperta definitione decernimus, ut id potius canonis vocabulo postuletur.

the emperors honorius and theodosius, augusti, to palladius, praetorian prefect. let absolutely all, by whatever title, who possess whatever the assignment under the name of the superindictum seems to have encompassed, be compelled to render it as though a canon; and, lest there be any doubt, by this open definition we decree that it be demanded rather under the designation of “canon”.

nulla igitur domus vel sacri patrimonii vel emphyteutici iuris vel hominum privatorum, etiamsi privilegium aliquod habere doceantur, ab hac necessitate seiuncta sit, quae iam non extraordinarium, ut hactenus, sed ipsis facientibus canonicum nomen accepit. dat. vii id. ian.

Therefore no house, whether of the sacred patrimony or under emphyteutic right or of private persons, even if
they are shown to have some privilege, shall be separated from this necessity, which now, not extraordinary as heretofore, but by the very doers, has received the canonical name. Given on January 7.

ravennae theodosio a. vii et palladio conss. (416 ian. 7).

At Ravenna, in the consulship of Theodosius Augustus for the 7th time and of Palladius, consuls. (416 Jan. 7).

CTh.11.5.3

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. isidoro praefecto praetorio. cum omnis hoc aegyptiaci tractus possessoribus conducibile videatur, ut ante kal.

The emperors theodosius and valentinian, augusti, to isidore, praetorian prefect. Since to all the possessors of this Egyptian tract this seems conducive, that before the Kalends.

mai. praedelegatio manifestetur in locis, ne per ignorantiam collatores ad anni prioris exemplum ante delegationem missam ea cogantur exsolvere quae postmodum indebita missa delegatione forsitan provocavit eventus; scriniariis videlicet sedis excelsae modis omnibus ordinata salubriter impleturis, ita ut augustaliani officii et cohortalis et defensoris discrimine in locis celeberrimis per dimenstruum tempus ad omnium perveniat notionem. dat.

May. Let the pre-delegation be made manifest in the localities, lest through ignorance the contributors, on the model of the prior year, before the delegation has been sent, be compelled to pay those items which afterward an improper delegation, once sent, perhaps brought about as an outcome; the scriniarii, namely, of the exalted seat, having been duly arranged to carry this out by every method to salutary effect, in such a way that, with the distinction/authority of the Augustalian office and of the cohortalis and the defensor, in the most frequented places, for a bimonthly period, it may come to the notice of all. Given.

prid. non. iun.

the day before the Nones of June.

constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. (436 iun. 4).

at Constantinople, Isidore and Senator, consuls. (436 June 4).

CTh.11.5.4

Theodosian Code 11.5.4

Idem aa. dario praefecto praetorio. particulari delegationum notitia ante indictionis exordium singulis transmissa provinciis collationis modum a possessoribus multo ante prospectum devotioni solitae, non subitis calumniis tua sublimitas faciat imputari, ut et provincialibus subeundi dispendia necessitas auferatur et officiis ingerendi damna licentia denegetur. dat.

The same emperors to Darius, praetorian prefect. Since a particular notice of delegations has been sent to each province before the beginning of the indiction, let your Sublimity ensure that the manner of the contribution, foreseen long beforehand by the possessors for their accustomed devotion, be not imputed to sudden calumnies, so that both the necessity for provincials to undergo expenses may be removed and the license of the offices to thrust in damages be denied. given.

v kal. septemb. apameae isidoro et senatore conss.

on the 5th day before the Kalends of September, at Apamea,
in the consulship of Isidore and Senator.

(436 aug. 28).

CTh.11.6.0. [=brev.11.3.0.] De superindicto.

CTh.11.6.0. [=brev.11.3.0.] On the superindiction.

CTh.11.6.1 [=brev.11.3.1]

Imppp. grat., valent. et theodos.

The emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius.

aaa. ad proconsules, vicarios omnesque rectores. nihil superindictorum nomine ad solas praefecturae literas quisquam provincialis exsolvat; neque ullius omnino indictionis titulus, etiam solennis, immineat, nisi eum nostro confirmata iudicio et imperialibus nexa praeceptis sedis amplissimae deposcat indictio et cogat exactio.

aaa. to the proconsuls, the vicars, and all governors. Let no provincial discharge anything under the name of superindictions on the sole letters of the prefecture
letters; nor let the title of any indiction at all, even a solemn one, impend, unless an indiction confirmed by our judgment
and bound to the imperial precepts of the most ample seat demand it and the exaction compel.

dat. vii. kal.

dated on the 7th day before the Kalends.

iun. mediolano, antonio et syagrio coss.

June, at Milan, Antonius and Syagrius, consuls.

interpretatio. haec lex hoc praecipit, ut nullum per rectores provinciae superindictum provincialibus imponatur, nisi forte ex hac re processisse praeceptio dominica comprobetur. tunc enim id, quod superindictum est, aut peti aut exigi poterit, quando a rerum domino cognoscitur constitutum

interpretation. this law prescribes this, that no superindiction be imposed upon provincials by the rectors of a province, unless perhaps from this matter it is proved that a lord’s precept has proceeded. for then that which has been superindicted can either be claimed or exacted, when it is recognized to have been constituted by the lord of affairs

CTh.11.7.0. De exactionibus

CTh.11.7.0. On exactions

CTh.11.7.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad aelianum proconsulem africae. post alia: ducenarii et centenarii sive sexagenarii non prius debent aliquem ex debitoribus convenire, quam a tabulario civitatis nominatim breves accipiant debitorum.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Aelianus, proconsul of Africa. After other matters: the ducenarii and centenarii or sexagenarii ought not to convene/summon anyone from among the debtors before they receive from the city tabularius, by name, briefs of the debtors.

quam quidem exactionem sine omni fieri concussione oportet ita ut, si quis in iudicio questus, quod indebite exactus est vel aliquam inquietudinem sustinuit, hoc ipsum probare potuerit, severa in exactores sententia proferatur. dat. kal.

which collection ought to be carried out without any extortion, such that, if anyone in court has complained that he has been unduly exacted from or has endured some disquiet, if he is able to prove this very thing, a severe sentence shall be pronounced against the exactors. Given on the Kalends.

nov. treviris constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss. (315 [immo 313] nov.

nov., at trier, when constantine augustus for the 4th time and licinius for the 4th time were consuls. (315 [rather 313] nov.

1).

CTh.11.7.2

Theodosian Code 11.7.2

Idem a. ad pacatianum vicarium brittaniarum. unusquisque decurio pro ea portione conveniatur, in qua vel ipse vel colonus vel tributarius eius convenitur et colligit; neque omnino pro alio decurione vel territorio conveniatur. id enim prohibitum esse manifestum est et observandum deinceps, quo iuxta hanc nostram provisionem nullus pro alio patiatur iniuriam.

The same Augustus to Pacatianus, vicarius of the Britains. Let each decurion be convened for that portion in which either he himself or his colonus or his tributary
is convened and collects; nor at all let him be convened on behalf of another decurion or territory. For it is manifest that this is prohibited and
to be observed henceforth, in order that, in accordance with this our provision, no one may suffer injury for another.

dat. xii kal. decemb.

dated on the 12th day before the Kalends of December (November 20).

constantino a. et licinio c. conss. (319 nov. 20).

Constantine Augustus and Licinius Caesar, consuls. (319 November 20).

CTh.11.7.3

Idem a. ad populum. nemo carcerem plumbatarumque verbera aut pondera aliaque ab insolentia iudicum repperta supplicia in debitorum solutionibus vel a perversis vel ab iratis iudicibus expavescat. carcer poenalium, carcer hominum noxiorum est officialium et cum denotatione eorum iudicum, quorum de officio cohercitiores esse debebunt, qui contra hanc legem admiserint.

The same Augustus to the people. Let no one, in the payments of debts, be terrified of the prison and of the beatings of leaden scourges (plumbatae) or of weights and other punishments discovered by the insolence of judges, whether by perverse or by angry judges. The prison is for penal persons, the prison of guilty men; the officials, with denunciation of those judges, must be more strictly coerced in regard to their office—those who shall have transgressed against this law.

securi iuxta eam transeant solutores: vel certe, si quis tam alienus ab humano sensu est, ut hac indulgentia ad contumaciam abutatur, contineatur aperta et libera et in usus hominum constituta custodia militari. si in obdurata nequitia permanebit, ad res eius omnemque substantiam cives eius accedant, solutionis obsequio cum substantiae proprietate suscepto. qua facultate praebita omnes fore credimus proniores ad solvenda ea, quae ad nostri usus exercitus pro communi salute poscuntur.

let those who are payers pass safely beside it: or, certainly, if anyone is so alien from human sense as to abuse this indulgence into contumacy, let him be restrained by an open and free custody, established for the uses of men, under military guard. if he persists in obdurate wickedness, let his fellow citizens proceed against his goods and his entire substance, the service of payment being undertaken together with the proprietorship of the substance. with this facility provided, we believe all will be more prone to pay those things which are demanded for the uses of our army for the common safety.

dat. kal. feb.

given on the kalends of february.

constantino a. vi et constantio caes. conss. (320 febr.

Constantine Augustus for the 6th time and Constantius Caesar, consuls (February 320

1 [ian. 31]).

1 [Jan. 31]).

CTh.11.7.4 [=brev.11.4.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad afros. quoniam succlamatione vestra merito postulastis, ne qua his, qui praestationes fiscales differunt, reliquorum laxitas proveniret, specialiter praecipimus observari, ut res eorum, qui fiscalibus debitis per contumaciam satisfacere differunt, distrahantur: comparatoribus data firmitate perpetua possidendi etc.

the emperor constantine augustus to the africans. since by your acclamation you have deservedly demanded that no laxity of arrears should accrue to those who defer fiscal prestations, we especially order it to be observed that the property of those who by contumacy postpone satisfying fiscal debts be sold off, with perpetual security of possession granted to the purchasers, etc.

dat. xv. kal. iun.

given on the 15th day before the kalends of june.

serdicae, constantino et maximo coss.

at Serdica, in the consulship of Constantine and Maximus.

interpretatio. quicumque* agrorum suorum tributa implere contemnent, agri eius, qui tributa sua contemnet exsolvere, ab exactore vendantur, et qui comparaverint, firmissimo iure hoc ordine empta* possideant

interpretation. whoever* shall contemn to fulfill the tributes of their fields, let the field of him who contemns to pay his tributes be sold by the tax-collector and let those who have purchased it possess, by the most firm right, what has been bought in this order*

CTh.11.7.5

Theodosian Code 11.7.5

Imp. constantius a. nemesiano viro perfectissimo comiti largitionum. quotiens quis et privati debitor invenitur et fisci, et abreptus ab uno officio teneatur, ad universi debiti solutionem qui eum abstulit coartetur ac totius summae exactionem in se suscipiat, qui eundem avellendum abstrahendumque crediderit.

Emperor Constantius Augustus to Nemesianus, a most perfect man, Count of the Largesses. Whenever someone is found a debtor both to a private party and to the fisc, and, snatched by one office, is held, let the one who removed him be coerced to the payment of the entire debt, and let him take upon himself the exaction of the whole sum, whoever has thought that the same man should be torn away and dragged off.

dat. iiii id. mai. nitzibi amantio et albino conss.

Given on May 12 at Nitzibi, when Amantius and Albinus were consuls.

(345 mai. 12).

(345 May 12).

CTh.11.7.6

Idem a. ad eustathium praefectum praetorio. post alia: actores ceterique rei privatae nostrae ad solutionem specierum sollemnium debiti vigoris auctoritate cogantur, ne provinciales rei privatae nostrae fatiget immunitas. dat.

the same emperor to eustathius, praetorian prefect. after other matters: let the actors and the rest of our private estate be compelled, by the authority of due vigor, to the payment of the customary kinds of dues, lest the immunity of our private estate weary the provincials. given.

viii id. mart., proposita romae limenio et catullino conss. (349 mart. 8).

the 8th day before the Ides of March, posted at rome, limenius and catullinus
consuls. (349 March 8).

CTh.11.7.7

Impp. constantius et constans aa. bibulenio restituto praesidi sardiniae. provinciales pro debitis plumbi verbera vel custodiam carceris minime sustinere oportet, cum hos cruciatus non insontibus, sed noxiis constitutos esse noscatur, satis vero sit debitorem ad solvendi necessitatem capione pignorum conveniri.

the emperors constantius and constans, augusti, to bibulenius restitutus, governor of sardinia. provincials ought in no way to endure, on account of debts, the lashings of lead or the custody of prison, since it is known that these torments have been constituted not for the innocent, but for the guilty; and it is enough that a debtor be proceeded against, for the necessity of paying, by the seizure of pledges.

dat. viii id. dec. thessalonicae constantio vi et constante iii aa. conss.

dated at Thessalonica on 6 December, when the Augusti Constantius for the 6th time and Constans for the 3rd were consuls.

(353 [346?] dec. 6).

(353 [346?] December 6).

CTh.11.7.8

Codex Theodosianus 11.7.8

Idem aa. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. exactiones provinciarum, quas rectores aut praefecti annonae aut rationales per africam sustinent, a maioribus iudicibus usurpari non debent, sed ab his solis impleri, quibus cura exactionis imminet. dat.

the same augusti to taurus, praetorian prefect. the exactions of the provinces, which governors or prefects of the annona or the rationales throughout africa sustain, ought not to be usurped by the greater judges, but to be fulfilled by those alone upon whom the care of exaction is incumbent. given.

iiii non. sept. dinummae, acc.

on the 4th day before the Nones of September: two‑nummus coins, received.

prid. id. nov. karthagine arbitione et lolliano conss.

the day before the ides of november, at carthage, in the consulship of arbition and lollianus.

(355 sept. 2).

(355 Sept. 2).

CTh.11.7.9

Theodosian Code 11.7.9

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad dracontium vicarium africae. ducenarios ab exactione provincialium secundum constitutionem sacrae memoriae constantii probabilis sinceritas tua iubebit arceri.

the emperors valentinian and valens, augusti, to dracontius, vicarius of africa. your approved sincerity will order that the ducenarii be barred from the exaction of the provincials according to the constitution of constantius of sacred
memory.

dat. iii id. mai. hadrianopoli, acc.

given on the 3rd day before the ides of may, at hadrianopolis, received.

viii kal. octob. karthagine divo ioviano et varroniano conss.

on the 8th day before the kalends of october, at carthage, in the consulship of the divine jovian and varronianus, consuls.

(364 mai. 13).

(364 May 13).

CTh.11.7.10

Codex Theodosianus 11.7.10

Idem aa. ad florianum consularem venetiae. die solis, qui dudum faustus habetur, neminem christianum ab exactoribus volumus conveniri; contra eos, qui id facere ausi sunt, hoc nostri statuti interdicto periculum sancientes. dat.

The same emperors to florianus, consular of venetia. On the Day of the Sun, which has long since been held auspicious, we will that no Christian be convened by the exactors; against those who have dared to do this, by this interdict of our statute sanctioning a penalty. Given.

xi kal. mai. treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

At Trier, on the 11th day before the Kalends of May (April 21), when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls.

(368? 370? 373?

apr. 21).

CTh.11.7.11

Idem aa. ad florianum comitem rerum privatarum. omnes provinciis praesidentes iussimus conveniri, ut a rei nostrae conventione cessarent, ne principales necessitates in publicum proferentes eadem, qua hactenus, in colonos iniquitate saevirent. illud etiam moderationi adiecimus, ut tripertita esset illatio fiscalium pensionum.

The same Emperors to Florianus, Count of the Private Estate. We have ordered all who preside over the provinces to be convened, so that they might desist from the exaction for our estate, lest, by bringing the principal necessities into the public sphere, they rage with the same injustice as hitherto against the coloni. We have also added this moderation, that the remittance of fiscal installments be tripartite.

sinceritas tua rationales procuratoresque commoneat, ut, quidquid pro iugatione vel capitatione deposcitur, certantibus studiis devotionis exsolvant. dat. viii kal.

Your Sincerity shall admonish the rationales and procurators, that whatever is demanded for iugation or capitation they discharge with rival zeal of devotion. Given on the 8th before the Kalends.

iun. mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 mai.

June. at Milan, Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, consuls. (365, May.

25).

CTh.11.7.12

Theodosian Code 11.7.12

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. constantiano vicario ponticae.

The emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, Augusti, to Constantianus, vicar of Pontica.

potentiorum possessorum domus officium provinciae rectoris exigere debet, decurio vero personas curialium convenire, minores autem possessores defensor civitatis ad solutionem fiscalium pensitationum spectata fidelitate compellere. dat. v non.

The office of the rector of the province ought to exact from the households of the more powerful possessors;
a decurion, indeed, should summon the persons of the curials;
but the city defensor, with his proven fidelity considered, should compel the lesser possessors to the payment of the fiscal installments. Given on the 5th before the Nones.

mai. merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 mai.

may. merobaude 2 and saturninus, consuls. (383 may.

3).

CTh.11.7.13

Codex Theodosianus 11.7.13

Idem aaa. ad principium praefectum praetorio. solis die, quem dominicum rite dixere maiores, omnium omnino litium et negotiorum quiescat intentio; debitum publicum privatumque nullus efflagitet; ne aput ipsos quidem arbitros vel e iudiciis flagitatos vel sponte delectos ulla sit agnitio iurgiorum.

the same emperors to principius, praetorian prefect. on the day of the sun, which the elders rightly called the dominical (lord’s) day, let the pursuit of all suits and businesses entirely rest; let no one exact either public or private debt; nor, even before the arbitrators themselves, whether summoned from the courts or chosen voluntarily, let there be any cognizance of disputes.

et non modo notabilis, verum etiam sacrilegus iudicetur, qui a sanctae religionis instinctu rituve deflexerit. proposita iii non. nov.

and let him be judged not only notorious but even sacrilegious, whoever turns aside from the instinct or rite of holy religion. published on November 3.

aquileiae honorio n. p. et evodio conss. (386 nov. 3).

at aquileia, honorius, most noble boy, and evodius, consuls (386 nov. 3).

CTh.11.7.14

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio.

Emperors theodosius, arcadius and honorius, Augusti, to rufinus, praetorian prefect.

apparitores quicumque in collatione auri praecepti fuerint officii sui adhibere servitium, titulorum debita et collationum summas relationis suae fide et adnotatione perscribant sitque ex officialis instructione officium conscium, quid exactum quidve perlatum esse videatur, ne longinqui itineris diversitate susceptor abductus et curiae suae desit et rei familiaris detrimenta sustineat. dat. prid.

Apparitors, whoever in the collation of gold shall have been directed to apply the service of their own office, shall write out in full, with the good faith and annotation of their report, the debts of the titles and the totals of the collations; and let the office, by the instruction of the official, be aware what seems to have been exacted and what conveyed, lest the susceptor, carried off by the remoteness of a long journey, be absent from his curia and sustain detriments to his household estate. Given, the day before.

id. april. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 apr.

the Ides of April, at Constantinople, Theodosius Augustus for the 3rd time and Abundantius, consuls. (393 apr.

12).

CTh.11.7.15

Theodosian Code 11.7.15

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. post alia: quoniam plerique callidis precibus rescripta impetrasse dicuntur, ne a solitis compulsoribus exigantur, praesenti iussione monemus, ne praetento velut quodam beneficio clementiae nostrae quicquam in exactione celebranda vetustati et consuetudini derogetur.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Messala, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: since many are said to have obtained rescripts by crafty petitions,
that they not be exacted from by the usual collectors, by the present injunction we admonish,
that, with some supposed beneficium of our clemency put forward as a pretext, nothing in carrying out the exaction be derogated from ancient practice and custom.

dat. iiii kal. octob.

Dated on the 4th day before the Kalends of October (September 28).

altini theodoro v. c. cons. (399 sept. 28).

at Altinum, to theodorus, a most distinguished man, consul. (399 sept. 28).

CTh.11.7.16

Theodosian Code 11.7.16

Idem aa. hadriano praefecto praetorio. missi opinatores cum delegatoriis iudicibus eorumque officiis insistant, ut intra anni metas id quod debetur accipiant; nihil his sit cum possessore commune, cui non militem, sed exactorem, si sit obnoxius, convenit imminere. iudices itaque, qui provinciales passi fuerint opinatoribus delegari, eiusdem quantitatis duplex poena retinebit, et apparitores ex quolibet officio sententiam deportationis excipient, si per semet exigendos voluerint delegare militibus, et curiales temporale manebit exilium, si eos, quos sollemniter exigere consuerunt, opinatoribus putaverint esse tradendos; cum iudicem oportet inquirere debitores, tabularios fideliter prodere nomina dominorum, apparitores sive curiales consuetudine servata regionum convictis debitoribus imminere, ut perceptis congruis emolumentis opinatores impleto anno ad proprios numeros valeant remeare.

The same emperors to Hadrianus, Praetorian Prefect. let the dispatched opinatores press upon the delegated judges and their staffs, so that within the bounds of the year they may receive what is owed; let them have nothing in common with the possessor, upon whom it is fitting that not a soldier, but an exactor (collector), if he is liable, should press. judges therefore who shall have allowed provincials to be assigned to opinatores will retain a double penalty of the same amount, and the apparitors from whatever office will receive the sentence of deportation, if they should wish to delegate to soldiers those whom they ought to exact themselves; and upon the curials there will remain a temporary exile, if they shall have thought that those whom they are accustomed to exact in due form ought to be handed over to the opinatores; since it behooves the judge to inquire after the debtors, the tabularii to disclose faithfully the names of the owners, the apparitors or the curials, the custom of the regions being observed, to press upon debtors who have been convicted, so that, once the suitable emoluments have been received, the opinatores, the year completed, may be able to return to their own units.

qui si ultra annum protracti fuerint, iudices et officia absque ulla mora de proprio cogentur exsolvere militibus quod debetur, ipsis adversus obnoxios repetitione servata. quod si ad nos aliqua de retentis opinatoribus querella pervenerit, in duplum ab his protinus exigetur, ut partem debitam miles, reliquum fiscus accipiat. iudicibus quoque eorumque officiis eatenus subvenimus, ut in contumaces debitores cuiuslibet dignitatis auctoritatem suam exerant ac, si impudenter solutio differatur, actores procuratores eorumque praedia persequantur, de eorum quoque nominibus ab nostram scientiam relaturi.

who, if they shall have been prolonged beyond a year, the judges and
the offices shall be compelled without any delay to pay out of their own what is owed to the soldiers, with the right of repetition preserved to themselves against the liable; but if to
us any complaint shall have come about opinatores being detained, it shall be exacted from these in double at once, so that the soldier may receive the due part, the remainder the fiscus
may receive. We likewise give aid to the judges and their offices to this extent, that against contumacious debtors of whatever dignity they may exert their authority and, if payment is impudently delayed, they may pursue the actors, procurators, and their estates, and of their names also they shall report back to
our knowledge.

dat. iii id. iul. mediolano vincentio et fravito conss.

Given on the 3rd day before the Ides of July, at Milan, under the consuls Vincentius and Fravitus.

(401 iul. 13).

(401 July 13).

CTh.11.7.17

Theodosian Code 11.7.17

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. neque agentes in rebus neque sacrarum privatarum vel largitionum palatina officia ex quacumque causa, ex quocumque titulo fiscalis debiti, cum ad provinciam mittuntur, possessores per se audeant convenire, sive id ex praeterito reliquum trahatur seu praesentis temporis tributo solvi conveniat; sed rectores provinciarum frequenter adeundo commoneant eorumque officiis incumbant.

Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. Neither the agents in affairs nor the palatine offices of the Sacred Private (Estate) or of the Largesses, on whatever account, under whatever title of a fiscal debt, when they are sent to a province, are to dare to summon landholders on their own, whether that is carried over as an arrear from the past or ought to be paid as the tribute of the present time; rather, let them by frequent approach remind the governors of the provinces and press upon their offices.

quod si rector provinciae imminentem sibi memoratorum declinare molestiam quaerens vel qualibet alia ratione isdem propria auctoritate publicae exactionis permiserit curam, tam ipse quam officium eius vicena auri pondo fisco dependent. dat. vii id. dec.

But if the rector of the province, seeking to sidestep for himself the impending annoyance of the aforesaid, or by any other reasoning, shall have allowed to those same persons, by his own authority, the care of the public exaction, both he himself and his office shall pay to the fisc twenty pounds of gold apiece. Given on December 7.

constantinopoli basso et filippo conss. (408 dec. 7).

at Constantinople, with Bassus and Philip as consuls. (December 7, 408).

CTh.11.7.18

Idem aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. largitionalium titulorum exactionem palatinorum obsequiis vetustatis more consecratam iuxta priscam consuetudinem celebrari censemus, recens conditae legis in hac parte auctoritate sequestrata, quae ritu vetustatis neglecto palatinae munera dignitatis intempestiva legatorum achivorum admonitione abstulerat. ideoque huius statuti praeceptionem, per quam palatinos veteri exigendi functioni constrinximus, commoniti rectores observent.

The same Augusti to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. We decree that the exaction of the largitional titles, consecrated by the services of the palatines in the manner of antiquity, be observed according to ancient custom, the authority of the law recently enacted in this part having been set aside, which, with the rite of antiquity neglected, by the untimely admonition of Achaean envoys had taken away the duties of the palatine dignity. And therefore let the governors, having been reminded, observe the injunction of this statute, through which we have constrained the palatines to the old function of exaction.

dat. v kal. octob.

given on the 5th day before the Kalends of October.

constantinopoli honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss. (409 sept. 27).

at constantinople, honorius for the 8th time and
theodosius for the 3rd, emperors, consuls. (409 sept. 27).

CTh.11.7.19

Idem aa. euchario proconsuli africae. tertiam partem canonis fundorum privatorum vel sextam emphyteuticorum ex kal. mart., sicut consuetudo deposcit, reliquam vero canonis summam ex kal.

The same emperors, to Eucharius, proconsul of Africa. A third part of the canon of private estates, or a sixth of the emphyteutic ones, from the Kalends of March, just as custom demands, but the remaining sum of the canon from the Kalends.

iul. par erit postulari, ne praepostera exactione possessor ad redimendam conventionis cogatur iniuriam. et cetera.

July. It will be proper to request, lest by a preposterous exaction the possessor be compelled to redeem the injury of the convention. And the rest.

dat. prid. kal.

Given the day before the Kalends.

mart. ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 febr.

March. At Ravenna, when Honorius for the 9th time and Theodosius for the 5th, Augusti, were consuls. (412 February

29).

CTh.11.7.20 [=brev.11.4.2]

Impp. honor. et theodos.

Emperors honorius and theodosius.

aa. euchario proconsuli africae. post alia: constituto tempore publice apud karthaginem in secretario, admisso populo, exactorum ordinabuntur idoneae strenuaeque personae. de quibus si popularis accusatio ulla processerit, in eorum locum alios par erit destinari, ita ut severa indagatione, si in concussione possessorum deprehensi fuerint, illico et capitali periculo subiaceant, et direptorum quadrupli poena ex eorum patrimonio eruatur.

the emperors to eucharius, proconsul of africa. after other things: at a time established publicly at carthage in the secretarium, with the people admitted, as exactors there shall be appointed suitable and vigorous persons. of whom, if any popular accusation shall have proceeded, it will be proper that others be designated in their place, so that by a strict inquest, if they shall have been detected in the extortion of possessors, they immediately also be subject to capital peril, and the penalty of quadruple of the things plundered be extracted from their patrimony.

iudices autem triginta librarum auri mulctae acerbitate sciant se esse plectendos, nisi ea, quae salubriter ordinata sunt, necessaria devotione compleverint. dat. prid.

Judges, moreover, should know that they are to be punished by the severity of a mulct of thirty pounds of gold, unless they shall have completed, with the necessary devotion, the things that have been salutarily ordained. Given, the day before.

kal. mart. ravenna, honorio ix. et theodos.

On the Kalends of March, at Ravenna, under Honorius 9 and Theodosius.

v. aa. coss.

under the consulate of the August Emperors.

interpretatio. haec lex hoc praecipit, exactores ad exigendas tributarias functiones idoneos esse mittendos, ita ut, si de his populi accusatio ulla processerit, id est querela deposita fuerit, in eorum locum alii dirigantur, ut habita diligenti inquisitione, si in dispendia provincialium de superexactionis crimine convinci potuerint, et capitali periculo subiaceant, et ex eorum facultatibus in quadruplum, quae sunt superexacta, reddantur. iudices vero provinciarum triginta librarum auri se poena noverint feriendos, si haec, quae statuta sunt, implere neglexerint

interpretation. this law prescribes this: that exactors suitable for exacting the tributary functions are to be sent, so that, if from the people any accusation should proceed against them, that is, a complaint has been lodged, others are to be directed in their place, so that, a diligent inquisition having been held, if to the losses of the provincials they can be convicted on the charge of over-exaction, they both be subject to capital peril, and from their resources in quadruple, the things which have been over-exacted be restored. but the judges of the provinces must know themselves to be struck with a penalty of thirty pounds of gold, if these things, which have been statuted, they shall have neglected to fulfill

CTh.11.7.21

Idem aa. euchario suo salutem. grave et contra rerum ordinem iudicamus, ut idem municeps et civitatis necessitatem et exactoris publici subire cogatur officium. quod ne contingat, generali lege sancimus cognitoris, cuius interest, iussione ad praedia mansuetudinis nostrae vel quae sub fisci nomine coeperint retineri moderanda vel ex suo corpore idoneos quosque dari debere vel ex his, si qui perfuncti sacramento militiae absolutione potiuntur.

The same Emperors to their own Eucharius, greeting. We judge it grievous and contrary to the order of things that the same townsman be compelled to undergo both the necessity of the city and the office of a public exactor. So that this may not happen, we sanction by a general law that, by the order of the cognitor, to whom it pertains, for the estates of Our Clemency or those which have begun to be retained under the name of the fisc, there be provided, for their management, suitable persons either from his own body, or from among those who, having fulfilled the sacrament of military service, obtain discharge.

ab his namque convenit, a quibus ratio ob praedam discuti consuevit, administrationem sustineri huiuscemodi praediorum. iudicibus itaque adque officiis poenam quinquaginta librarum auri imponimus, nisi commode obtemperaverint definitis. dat.

For it is fitting that the administration of estates of this kind be sustained by those by whom the reckoning on account of the spoil is accustomed to be examined. Therefore we impose upon judges and their official staffs the penalty of fifty pounds of gold, unless they shall have duly obeyed the determinations. Given.

prid. kal. mart.

the day before the Kalends of March

ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 febr. 29).

at Ravenna, in the consulship of Honorius for the 9th time and of Theodosius for the 5th, the Augusti, consuls. (412 Feb. 29).

CTh.11.8.0. De superexactionibus

CTh.11.8.0. On over-exactions

CTh.11.8.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. caesario praefecto praetorio. si quis exactorum superexactionis crimen fuerit confutatus, eandem poenam subeat, quae divi valentiniani sanctione dudum fuerat definita.

emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to caesarius, praetorian prefect. if any of the collectors shall have been convicted of the charge of over-exaction, let him undergo the same penalty
which by the sanction of the deified valentinian was long ago defined.

capitis namque periculo posthac cupiditas amovenda est, quae prohibita totiens in isdem sceleribus perseverat. dat. prid.

for by capital peril, henceforth cupidity must be removed, which, though prohibited,
so often perseveres in the same crimes. dat. prid.

non. mart. constantinopoli caesario et attico conss.

the nones of march, at constantinople, in the consulship of caesarius and atticus.

(397 mart. 6).

(397 March 6).

CTh.11.8.2

Idem aa. apollodoro proconsuli africae. quidquid ultra debitum elicitum fuerat, eruatur. quod provinciae restitui protinus oportebit.

The same Augusti to apollodorus, proconsul of Africa. Whatever had been extorted beyond what was due, let it be recovered. This must immediately be restored to the province.

dat. prid. id. mart.

dated the day before the ides of march.

mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss. (400 mart. 14).

at milan, stilicho and aurelian, consuls. (400 mar. 14).

CTh.11.8.3pr.

CTh.11.8.3, preface.

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. caeciliano praefecto praetorio. post alia: velut licito committi frequenti laesorum deploratione didicimus, ut maioribus subiectis mensuris atque ponderibus gravi possessor damno quatiatur.

The Emperors honorius and theodosius, Augusti, to caecilianus, praetorian prefect. After other matters: as though it were permitted to be committed, from the frequent deploration of the injured we have learned that, with larger measures and weights imposed, the possessor is shaken by grave loss.

iubemus, ut cura et sollertia defensorum hoc fieri a susceptoribus non sinant deprehensosque ad iudicium dirigant, cum ipso commissae fraudis indicio. (409 ian. 21).

We order that, by the care and diligence of the defensors, they shall not allow this to be done by the susceptors, and that those apprehended be directed to judgment, together with the very evidence of the fraud committed. (409 Jan. 21).

CTh.11.8.3.1

Theodosian Code 11.8.3.1

Idem fieri notum est, ut provincialibus nostris contestari iniurias suas cupientibus actorum confectio a defensoribus, ordinibus, curatore et magistratibus denegetur idque gratia tribuatur eorum, quos rationabiliter intellexerint arguendos. quod ne accidat, noverint cuncti provinciales, quotiens petitam sibi actorum copiam a memoratis viderint denegari, querellae propriae libellum conscriptum eo tenore quo fuerat contestandum in frequentioribus civitatum locis adfigendum conveniendosque scribas tabularios et cetera officia publica commonenda, per quae libellum colligi oportebit atque invitis supra memoratis personis sub actorum confectione ingeri, quorum quaestione fides possit inquiri: qua probata in eos, quos gestorum petitam confectionem negasse constiterit, vigor iudiciarius exeratur. dat.

It has been made known that the same thing happens, namely that for our provincials who desire to contest their injuries, the confection of the acts is denied by the defensores, the orders, the curator, and the magistrates, and that this is bestowed as a favor of those whom they have reasonably understood as needing to be accused. Lest this happen, let all provincials know that whenever they see the requested supply of the acts denied to them by the aforesaid, a libellus of their own complaint, in the tenor in which it had to be attested, is to be affixed in the more frequented places of the cities, and the scribes, tabularii, and the other public offices are to be convened and reminded, through whom the libellus ought to be collected and, the above-named persons being unwilling, to be inserted under the confection of the acts, by whose questioning the credibility can be inquired: when this is proved, judicial vigor shall be exerted against those who shall have been found to have denied the requested confection of the records. Given.

xii kal. feb. ravennae honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss.

on january 21, at ravenna, in the consulship of honorius for the 8th time and theodosius for the 3rd, the augusti, consuls.

(409 ian. 21).

(409 Jan. 21).

CTh.11.9.0. De distrahendis pignoribus, quae tributorum causa tenentur

CTh.11.9.0. On the selling-off of pledges, which are held on account of taxes

CTh.11.9.1

Imp. constantinus a. quoniam decessoris tui litterae missae ad proculeianum tribunum et magistrum officiorum continent quorundam provincialium mancipia abducta pro pignore sub officio retineri, eo quod vestes canonicas vel equos minime intulerunt, atque haec mancipia neque dominos solutis debitis recepisse neque alios comparasse, veritos ne haec rescinderetur distractio: iubemus duorum mensum spatium ad solvenda debita mancipiorum dominis indulgeri, quo transacto nisi debita fuerint persoluta, firmiter mancipia comparabunt quicumque ad emptionem accesserint. proposita prid.

Emperor Constantine Augustus. Since the letters of your predecessor, sent to Proculeianus, tribune and Master of the Offices, contain that the slaves of certain provincials, carried off as a pledge, are to be held under the office, because they did not bring in the canonical garments or horses, and that these slaves have been received neither by their masters upon the debts being paid nor purchased by others, fearing lest this distraint be rescinded: we order that a span of two months be granted to the masters of the slaves for the payment of the debts; and when this has elapsed, unless the debts shall have been fully paid, those who shall have come to the purchase will firmly acquire the slaves. Published the day before.

kal. ian. castulone severo et rufino conss.

On the Kalends of January, at Castulo, in the consulship of Severus and Rufinus.

(323 dec. 31).

(December 31, 323).

CTh.11.9.2

Theodosian Code 11.9.2

Imp. constantius a. ad egnatium faustinum praesidem baeticae. si quis fundum vel mancipia ob cessationem tributorum vel etiam ob vestium auri argentique debitum, quae annua exactione solvuntur, occupata convento debitore et aput iudicem interpellatione celebrata, cum solutio cessaverit, sub hasta distracta comparaverit, perpetuam emptionis accipiat firmitatem, cum, si minoris forte persona fuerit inserta, necesse sit quempiam legitimae defensionis indiguisse persona praesertim cum ad iuris etiam praesentis et veteris aequitatem illud quoque indulgendum esse ducamus, ut scilicet par condicio etiam in hac pignorum capione servetur, quae ob fiscale debitum fuerint occupata nihilque intersit, utrumne officium summae rei vel procuratoris an certe rector provinciae id quod debitum fuerit deleget, si etiam in hac debitores forte cessaverint, condicione iuris expressa.

imp. constantius a. to egnatius faustinus, governor of baetica. if anyone has purchased a farm or slaves on account of a cessation of tributes or even on account of
the due of garments, gold, and silver, which are paid by annual exaction, the things having been seized, the debtor having been summoned, and a formal interpellation having been conducted before the judge,
when payment has failed, sold under the spear, let him receive perpetual firmness of the purchase; since, if perhaps the person of a minor should have been
involved, it is necessary that someone have been in need of lawful defense, especially since, to the equity of both present and ancient law,
we also deem that this should be indulged: namely, that an equal condition be maintained also in this taking of pledges, which have been seized on account of a fiscal debt,
and that it make no difference whether the office of the summa res or of the procurator, or indeed the rector of the province, should assign that which is owed, if
also in this matter the debtors should perhaps have defaulted, with the condition of the law expressed.

dat. prid. id. decemb.

given on 12 December.

feliciano et titiano conss. (337 dec. 12).

Felicianus and Titianus, consuls. (December 12, 337).

CTh.11.10.0. Ne operae a collatoribus exigantur

CTh.11.10.0. Let services not be exacted from the collators

CTh.11.10.1

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad viventium praefectum praetorio.

The Emperors valentinianus, valens, and gratianus, Augusti, to Viventius, Praetorian Prefect

operarum praebitionem, quae illicite a provincialibus hactenus expetita est, sinceritas tua cessare praecipiat. nullum autem, qui caupona vel propola vel tabernaria lucrum familiare sectetur, cum animalia, quibus prosecutio debeatur, advenerint, si collegiati numero inpares videbuntur, ab hoc obsequio esse patiatur. melius enim est, ut otiosorum sit ista sedulitas, quam ipsas quoque perdat urbes tristis abductio rusticorum.

Let Your Sincerity command that the provision of labors, which has hitherto been unlawfully demanded from the provincials, cease. And let her allow no one who pursues household profit by an inn, or as a propola (peddler), or by tavern-keeping, when the animals to which an escort is owed shall have arrived—if the collegiates (guild-members) appear insufficient in number—to be exempted from this service. For it is better that this assiduity belong to the idle than that the grim carrying-off of rustics should destroy the cities themselves as well.

dat. x kal. mart.

dated on the 10th day before the Kalends of March (February 20).

treviris valentiniano nb. p. et victore conss. (369 febr. 20).

At Trier: Valentinian, Most Noble Youth, and Victor, consuls. (February 20, 369).

CTh.11.10.2pr.

CTh. 11.10.2, preface.

Idem aaa. ad catafronium vicarium italiae. post alia: operas ad prosecutionem equorum vel diversorum neminem provincialium praebere permittimus, quia non ignoramus per universas italiae civitates...Esse quam plurimos et hunc esse morem, ut, quotiens inpares videntur qui...Prosecutionis officio maiore animalium numero repente veniente, tabernariis oppidorum hoc iniungatur obsequium.

The same Augusti to Catafronius, Vicar of Italy. after other things: we permit none of the provincials to provide services for the escort of horses or of various other animals, because we are not unaware that throughout all the cities of Italy... there are very many, and that this is the custom, that whenever those who... when, for the duty of escort, a larger number of animals suddenly arrives, this service is imposed upon the innkeepers of the towns.

(370 aug. 15).

(370 Aug. 15).

CTh.11.10.2.1

Codex Theodosianus 11.10.2.1

Causam vero pontis liquentiae nolumus nostris praeiudicare decretis: videlicet ob reparationem eiusdem aliquis numerus excusatus habeatur, sed ita eum instaurari oportet, ut a possessoribus civitatis eius territorio suo, quotiens usus poposcerit, reformetur. dat. xviii kal.

We do not wish the cause of the bridge’s dilapidation to prejudice our decrees: namely, that for the repair of the same some number be held excused,
but it must be restored in such a way that by the possessors of the city, within its own territory, as often as need shall have demanded, it be reformed. Given on the 18th day before the Kalends.

sep. valentiniano et valente iii aa. conss. (370 aug.

September; Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, consuls for the 3rd time (370 Aug.).

15).

CTh.11.11.0. [=brev.11.5.0.] Ne damna provincialibus infligantur.

CTh.11.11.0. [=brev.11.5.0.] That damages not be inflicted on provincials.

CTh.11.11.1 [=brev.11.5.1]

Impp. valent. et valens aa. ad probum pf. p. illyrici.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Probus, praetorian prefect of Illyricum.

si qui eorum, qui provinciarum rectoribus obsequuntur, quique in diversis agunt officiis principatus, et qui sub quocumque* praetextu muneris publici possunt esse terribiles, rusticano cuipiam necessitatem obsequii, quasi mancipio sui iuris imponat, aut servum eius vel forsitan bovem in usus proprios necessitatesque converterit, sive xenia aut munuscula, quae canonica ex more fecerunt, extorserit, vel sponte haec, quae improbata sunt, oblata non refutaverit, sublatis omnibus facultatibus ultimo subiugetur exitio, et nihilo minus rusticanum, qui se in eiusdem operas sponte propria detulisse responderit, par poenae severitudo constringat. eadem vero circa eos censura servetur, qui xenia aut munera deferri sibi a possessoribus cogunt aut oblata non respuunt. dat.

if any of those who attend upon the rectors of the provinces, and who act in the various offices of the principate, and who under whatever* pretext of public duty can be terrible, should impose upon some rustic the necessity of service, as if upon a mancipium of his own right, or should have turned his slave or perhaps his ox to his own uses and necessities, or should have extorted xenia or little gifts, which they have made canonical by custom, or should not have refused these things, which are disapproved, when offered voluntarily, let him, with all resources removed, be subjected to the ultimate destruction; and none the less let an equal severity of penalty constrain the rustic who shall have replied that of his own accord he delivered himself into the same labors. moreover, let the same censure be observed concerning those who compel that xenia or gifts be brought to themselves by possessors or do not refuse what is offered. given.

prid. kal. oct.

the day before the Kalends of October.

agrippinae, valentin. et valente aa. coss.

at agrippina, valentinian and valens, the augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. si quicumque* ex his, qui provinciarum rectoribus coniunguntur aut militant, vel qui agunt in diversis officiis principatus, vel quicumque* sub occasione publici actus videntur esse terribiles, rusticano alicui necessitatem servitii, velut sui iuris mancipio imposuerint, aut servum ipsius aut bovem in sui operis utilitatem transtulerint, sive xenia aut quaelibet munera crediderint exigenda, vel si oblata non recusaverint, ultimo exitio deputantur, et rerum suarum amissione damnantur

interpretation. If whoever* from among those who are joined to the governors of the provinces or serve as soldiers, or who act in the various offices of the principate,
or whoever* under the pretext of a public act seem to be formidable, shall have imposed upon some rustic a necessity of service, as though by mancipium of their own right,
or shall have transferred his slave or his ox for the utility of their own work, or shall have believed xenia or any gifts to be exactable, or
if they have not refused what was offered, they are assigned to the ultimate death penalty, and are condemned to the forfeiture of their goods

CTh.11.12.0. De immunitate concessa

CTh.11.12.0. On the immunity granted

CTh.11.12.1

Imp. constantius a. ad marcellinum. publicus ac noster inimicus diversis immunitatem dederat iugorum capitationibus et professionibus amputatis.

The Emperor Constantius Augustus to Marcellinus. A public enemy and ours had granted immunity in diverse matters, the yoke-assessments, capitations, and declarations having been cut off.

iubemus ergo, ut omnibus omnino haec privilegia derogentur. dat. iii.

We order, therefore, that these privileges be derogated for all without exception. Given on the 3rd.

kal. mai. acindyno et proculo conss.

May 1. Acindynus and Proculus, consuls.

(340 apr. 29).

(340 April 29).

CTh.11.12.2

Theodosian Code 11.12.2

Imp. iulianus a. omnes omnino, quicumque capitationis indulgentiam immunitatemque meruerunt, non solum ex annonario titulo, verum etiam ex speciebus ceteris atque largitionibus excepti sunt immunesque erunt; neque enim praestanda dividimus. melius quippe est munificentiae compendium integrum competere quam saepius postulari.

Emperor Julian Augustus. All universally, whoever have merited indulgence and immunity of the capitation, have been excepted and shall be immune not only under the annona title, but
also from the other species and largesses; for we do not divide things that are to be provided. Indeed it is better that the compendium of munificence accrue entire than to be demanded more often.

dat. prid. kal.

Dated, on the day before the Kalends.

mai. constantinopoli mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 apr.

May. At Constantinople, with Mamertinus and Nevitta as consuls (362 Apr.

30).

CTh.11.12.3

Codex Theodosianus 11.12.3

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad florentium comitem sacrarum largitionum. omnium rerum ac personarum, quae privatam degunt vitam, in publicis functionibus aequa debet esse inspectio.

the emperors valentinian and valens, augusti, to florentius, count of the sacred largesses. of all things and persons who lead a private
life, there ought to be equal inspection in public functions.

hoc ideo dicimus, quia nonnulli privatorum elicitas suffragio proferunt sanctiones, quibus vectigalia vel cetera eiusmodi, quae inferri fisco moris est, sibi adserant esse concessa. hoc si quando militibus nostris hisve, qui in palatio nostro degunt, praestamus adprobantibus se sacramentis militaribus adtineri, quod concessimus firmum sit adque robustum; ceterum si quis privatorum eiusmodi rescriptione nitatur, cassa eadem sit. vectigalium enim non parva functio est, quae debet ab omnibus, qui negotiationis seu transferendarum mercium habent curam, aequa ratione dependi.

we say this for this reason, because some private persons bring forward sanctions procured by suffrage, by which they assert that customs-duties or other things of that sort, which it is the custom to be paid into the fisc, have been granted to themselves. this, if ever we grant it to our soldiers or to those who dwell in our palace, they attesting themselves to be bound by the military oaths, let what we have granted be firm and robust; but if any of the private persons rely on such a rescript, let the same be void. for the function of customs is not small, which ought to be paid out on an equal basis by all who have the care of negotiation (trade) or of transferring merchandise.

dat. x kal. mart.

dated February 20.

mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 febr. 20).

at Milan Valentinian
and Valens, the Augusti, consuls. (365 Feb. 20).

CTh.11.12.4

Theodosian Code 11.12.4

Imppp. arcadius, honorius et theodosius aaa. basilio comiti sacrarum largitionum.

the emperors arcadius, honorius and theodosius, the augusti, to basil, count of the sacred largesses.

salubribus licet ante prospectum meminerimus oraculis, ut eorum penitus vacuaretur obreptio, qui largitionalibus quippiam commodis derogantes absque palatini officii notione veniam debitae quantitatis mansuetudinis nostrae absolutione meruerunt, iterandae tamen copiam praeceptionis amplectimur, ut praeiudicio segregato non triplum modo, cui primitus videbatur obnoxius, verum etiam quadruplum dispendio digniore exsolvat. praelata litteris viri illustris comitis sacrarum largitionum iii id. iun. honorio vii et theodosio ii aa. conss.

Although we have previously provided by healthful oracles, so that the encroachment might be utterly eliminated of those who, detracting somewhat from the largitional benefits, without the knowledge of the Palatine office, earned pardon by the absolution of our clemency for the amount due, nevertheless we embrace the opportunity of repeating the order, that, the precedent being set aside, he shall pay not only threefold, to which at first he seemed liable, but even fourfold, as a more fitting penalty. published by the letters of the illustrious man, the Count of the Sacred Largesses, 3 Id. Jun., in the consulship of Honorius 7 and Theodosius 2, emperors, consuls.

(407 iun. 11).

(407 June 11).

CTh.11.13.0. Si per obreptionem fuerit impetrata

CTh.11.13.0. If it shall have been obtained by obreption

CTh.11.13.1

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad probum praefectum praetorio.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, the augusti, to probus, praetorian prefect.

privilegia omnia paucis concessa personis in perniciem plurimorum in irritum devocentur omnesque huius modi immunitates qui quacumque ambitione meruerunt, ad aequale provincialium ceterorum consortium reducantur prositque iugatio rei publicae hactenus suspensa. et quo libentius adquiescant, proprio aequanimitatem docemus exemplo id contemptui haberi, quod immune hactenus habeatur facile persuademus ab omnibus faciendum esse quod fecimus. igitur sinceritas tua id ipsum per omnem italiam, tum etiam per urbicarias africanasque regiones ac per omne illyricum praelata oraculi huius auctoritate firmabit.

let all privileges granted to a few persons, to the ruin of the more numerous, be called back into nullity, and let all immunities of this kind, which they have earned by whatever ambition, be brought back to the equal
partnership of the rest of the provincials, and let the jugation of the Republic, hitherto suspended, be of benefit. and that they may the more willingly acquiesce, by our own
example we teach equanimity; we show that that is held in contempt which up to now has been held immune; we readily persuade that what we have done ought to be done by all.
therefore your sincerity will make this very thing firm through all italy, and also through the urban and african regions and through all illyricum,
with the authority of this oracle put forward.

dat. xiiii kal. feb.

given on the 14th day before the Kalends of February (January 19).

mediolano merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 ian. [?] 19).

at milan, merobaudes for the 2nd time and saturninus, consuls. (383 jan. [?] 19).

CTh.11.14.0. De conditis in publicis horreis

CTh.11.14.0. On the things laid up in the public granaries

CTh.11.14.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad volusianum praefectum urbi. cavens, ne urbaniciani officiales annonariis necessitatibus misceantur, omnia participe praefecto annonae disponas ac iubeas ad curam propriam revocari.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Volusianus, Prefect of the City. Taking care that the Urbanician officials are not mixed in with the annona-related necessities,
arrange everything with the Prefect of the Annona as a participant, and order that they be called back to their own proper charge.

ante omnia autem quae in horreis habentur expendi volumus, ita ut non prius ad frumentum tendatur expensio, quod sub praefectura tua urbis horreis infertur, quam vetera condita fuerint erogata. si forte vetustate species ita corrupta est, ut per semet erogari sine querella non possit, eidem ex nova portione misceatur, cuius adiectione corruptio velata damnum fisco non faciat. ad istud autem negotium arbitratu ac iudicio tuo nobilis prudens fidelis optime sibi conscius pro integritatis meritis adponatur custos ac mensor, qui vel frumenta modio metiatur vel iustis aestimationibus colligat, quanta habeantur in condito.

but before all things, however, we wish that the things which are held in the granaries be expended,
such that expenditure not be directed first to the grain which, under your prefecture of the city, is brought into the granaries, before the old stores shall have been
issued. If by chance by age the commodity is so corrupted that it cannot by itself be distributed without complaint, let it be mixed with the same out of a new portion, by the
addition of which the corruption, being veiled, may not make damage to the fisc. And for this business, by your arbitration and judgment, let there be appointed a custodian and a measurer—noble, prudent, faithful, and of the best conscience—for the merits of his integrity,
who either measures the grain by the modius, or by just estimations ascertains how much
is held in storage.

dat. vi id. april. divo ioviano et varroniano conss.

dated April 8, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus.

(364 [365?] apr. [?] 8).

(364 [365?] April [?] 8).

CTh.11.14.2

Theodosian Code 11.14.2

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. florentino praefecto urbi. nihil prius ex horreis consequantur, quam omnis canon, qui antiquitus est institutus, fuerit completus; cognoscente officio urbicariae praefecturae decem libris auri esse multandum, si quae decrevimus, fuerint temerata.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Florentinus, Prefect of the City. Let them obtain nothing from the granaries before the entire canon, which was instituted of old, has been completed; the office of the Urban Prefecture understanding that it is to be mulcted 10 pounds of gold, if what we have decreed shall have been violated.

dat. vi kal. ian.

dated on the 6th day before the Kalends of January.

mediolano arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 dec. 27).

at milan, with arcadius 4 and honorius 3 as Augusti, consuls. (396 dec. 27).

CTh.11.14.3

Theodosian Code 11.14.3

Idem aa. anatolio praefecto praetorio illyrici. nulli posthac horreaticas species contingendi copia praebeatur. sin vero quisquam temerator horreorum extiterit, qui sibi ex praedictis aliquid audeat usurpare, hanc poenam sciat nostro arbitrio definitam, ut deportationis poenae subiectus totius substantiae cogatur subire iacturam.

The same Emperors to Anatolius, Praetorian Prefect of Illyricum. Let no one hereafter be afforded the opportunity of touching the granary commodities. But if indeed anyone shall have proved a violator of the granaries, who would dare to usurp anything of the aforesaid for himself, let him know that this penalty has been determined by our judgment: that, subjected to the penalty of deportation, he be compelled to undergo the loss of his entire substance.

dat. vii id. iul. constantinopoli caesario et attico conss.

Given on the 7th day before the Ides of July (July 9) at Constantinople, in the consulship of Caesarius and Atticus.

(397 iul. 9).

(July 9, 397).

CTh.11.15.0. De publica comparatione

CTh.11.15.0. On public procurement

CTh.11.15.1

Imp. constantius a. ad senatum. ad comparationem diversarum specierum, quod synoneton appellatur, actores procuratoresque senatorum per diversas provincias nullam inquietudinem tolerent.

Emperor Constantius Augustus to the Senate. For the public procurement of diverse kinds, which is called synoneton, the actores and procurators of the senators throughout the various provinces shall endure no vexation.

dat. v non. mai.

dated May 3.

tauro et florentio conss. (361 mai. 3).

Taurus and Florentius, consuls. (May 3, 361).

CTh.11.15.2

Theodosian Code 11.15.2

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. cunctos formari plenius conveniet, ut in speciebus etiam annonariis, quae a provincialibus sub transactione comparationis pretio expeti solent, sciant nullam sibi necessitatem indictionis imponi, sed huius adscriptionis necessitatem sublatam, mox ab amplissima praefectura pretiis competentibus destinandis.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, augusti. it will be fitting that all be more fully instructed, so that even in annona commodities, which are accustomed to be sought from provincials under a transaction of purchase for a price, they may know that no necessity of an indiction is imposed upon them, but that the necessity of this adscription has been removed, with prices forthwith to be designated by the most ample prefecture at appropriate rates.

ut nihil trahatur in debitis, quod aut speretur aut promittatur quando solvendum, unusquisque provincialium nostrorum arbitratu proprio et mente devota species petitas isdem pretiis, quae in foro rerum venalium habebuntur, libens praestet ac distrahat, ita ut prius vendendas det species, quam omne, quod in rationem distractionis venerit, aurum fuerit consecutus; potiorum tantum, id est possessorum domibus delegatis, quibus tamen cohortatio imponitur, non necessitas imperatur, ut consensum facilem praebeant super speciebus annonariis distrahendis. haec autem adscriptio inferiores vel plebeios non tenebit, ut usibus publicis profuturas distrahant fruges. proposita prid.

so that nothing be drawn into debts which is either hoped for or promised as to when it is to be paid, let each of our provincials, by his own arbitration and devoted mind, willingly furnish and sell the requested commodities at the same prices which will be held in the market of things for sale, in such a way that he gives the commodities to be sold before he has obtained all the gold which will have come into the account of the distraction; only of the more prominent, that is, of the possessors with houses delegated, upon whom, however, an exhortation is imposed, not a necessity commanded, that they provide easy consent concerning the selling of the annonary commodities. but this ascription will not bind the lower ranks or plebeians, that they should sell grains to be of benefit for public uses. published the day before.

kal. feb. beryto richomere et clearcho conss.

on the kalends of february, at berytus, when richomer and clearchus were consuls.

(384 ian. 31).

(384 Jan. 31).

CTh.11.16.0. De extraordinariis sive sordidis muneribus

CTh.11.16.0. On extraordinary or sordid munera

CTh.11.16.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad catullinum proconsulem africae. patrimoniales fundos extraordinariis oneribus vel mediae aut tertiae portionis obsequiis fatigari non convenit, cum eosdem et auri speciem et frumenti plurimum modum constet persolvere, ita ut qui violare statuta temptaverit puniatur.

The emperor Constantine Augustus to Catullinus, proconsul of Africa. It is not fitting that patrimonial estates be wearied by extraordinary burdens or by the services of the half or third portion, since it is well known that these same estates pay both gold specie and a very great measure of grain, with the result that whoever attempts to violate the statutes shall be punished.

proposita vi kal. sep. karthagine constantino a. v et licinio conss.

published on the 6th day before the Kalends of September at carthage, constantine augustus for the 5th time and licinius, consuls.

(319 [?] aug. 27).

CTh.11.16.2

Idem a. ad ulpium flavianum consularem aemiliae et liguriae. ab extraordinariis omnibus fundi patrimoniales adque emphyteuticarii per italiam nostram constituti habeantur immunes, ut canonica tantum et consueta dependant ad similitudinem per africam possessorum. dat.

the same augustus to ulpius flavianus, consular governor of aemilia and liguria. from all extraordinary exactions, patrimonial and emphyteutic estates established through
our italy are to be held immune, so that they pay only the canonical and customary dues, after the likeness of the possessores throughout africa. given.

xii kal. iun., lecta aput acta severo et rufino conss. (323 mai.

12 days before the Kalends of June, it was read among the official records, in the consulship of Severus and Rufinus. (May 323)

21).

CTh.11.16.3

Theodosian Code 11.16.3

Idem a. ad edictum calchedoniensium et macedoniensium. quotienscumque aliquam adscriptionem fieri necesse est, rectorum consiliis et dispositione uniuscuiusque civitatis fiat adscriptio, ne libidini et commodo potiorum multitudo mediocrium subiecta gravibus et iniquissimis adficiatur iniuriis. accepta viii kal.

The same Augustus, in regard to the edict of the Chalcedonians and Macedonians. Whenever it is necessary that any ascription be made, let the ascription be made by the counsels of the governors and by the disposition of each city, lest the multitude of the middling, subjected to the lust and convenience of the more powerful, be afflicted with grievous and most unjust injuries. received on the 8th before the Kalends.

mai. crispo iii et constantino iii aa. conss. (324 apr.

May. in the consulship of Crispus and Constantine, the Augusti, for the 3rd time. (324 Apr.

24).

CTh.11.16.4

Idem a. ad aemilianum praefectum praetorio. extraordinariorum munerum distributio non est principalibus committenda, ideoque rectores provinciarum monendi sunt, ut eam distributionem ipsi celebrent manuque propria perscribant adque encauto nomina adnectant, ea forma servata, ut primo a potioribus, dein a mediocribus adque infimis quae sunt danda praestentur. neque umquam sationibus vel colligendis frugibus insistens agricola ad extraordinaria onera trahatur, cum providentiae sit opportuno tempore his necessitatibus satisfacere.

The same Augustus to Aemilianus, Praetorian Prefect. The distribution of extraordinary munera is not to be entrusted to the principales, and therefore the governors
of the provinces must be admonished to carry out that distribution themselves and to write it out in their own hand and to attach the names in ink, the
form being observed, that first by the more powerful, then by the middling and the lowest, the things that are to be given be furnished. Nor ever let a farmer, intent upon sowings or
upon gathering the crops, be dragged to extraordinary burdens, since it pertains to providence to satisfy these necessities at the opportune time.

quae res neglecta vicariorum tuorum verecundiam tangit, ad rectorum autem officiorum capita venietur. manu autem sua rectores scribere debebunt, quid opus sit et in qua necessitate per singula capita vel quantae angariae vel quantae operae vel quae aut in quanto modo praebendae sint, ut recognovisse se scribant, exactionis praedicto ordine inter ditiores mediocres atque infimos observando. lecta vii id. mai.

which matter, if neglected, touches the modesty of your vicarii; moreover, recourse will be had to the heads of the offices of the governors. And the governors must write with their own hand what is needed and in what necessity, under each heading, both how great the angariae and how great the works, or what things and in what measure must be furnished, so that they may write that they have recognized (verified) it, the aforesaid order of exaction being observed among the richer, the middling, and the lowest. Read on May 9.

romae ianuarino et iusto conss. (328 mai. 9).

at rome ianuarinus and iustus, consuls. (May 9, 328).

CTh.11.16.5

Imp. constantius a. ad italicum. privatas res nostras ab universis muneribus sordidis placet esse immunes neque earum conductores nec colonos ad sordida vel extraordinaria munera vel superindictiones aliquas conveniri.

Emperor Constantius Augustus to Italicus. It is our pleasure that our private properties be immune from all sordid burdens, and that neither their lessees nor tenant-farmers be convened to sordid or extraordinary duties or to any superindictions.

et cetera. dat. viii kal.

and the rest. given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

feb. bononiae placido et romulo conss. (343 ian.

feb. at bononia placidus and
romulus, consuls. (343 jan.

25).

CTh.11.16.6

Theodosian Code 11.16.6

Impp. constantius et constans aa. ad beronicianum vicarium asiae. palatini et constantinopolitani cives pro capitibus seu iugis suis tantum pensitationem atque obsequia recognoscant, extraordinariis et temonariis oneribus liberati.

the emperors constantius and constans, augusti, to beronicianus, vicar of asia. let the palatine and constantinopolitan citizens recognize only the payment and services for their heads or yokes,
being freed from extraordinary and temonary burdens.

dat. non. mai.

given on the nones of may.

constantinopoli constantio iiii et constante iii aa. conss. (346 mai. 7).

at Constantinople
when Constantius for the 4th time and Constans for the 3rd time, the Augusti, were consuls (346 May 7).

CTh.11.16.7

Theodosian Code 11.16.7

Idem a. et iulianus c. ad populum. sola iubemus exigi, quae factis a nobis indictionibus aliisve praeceptis continentur et quae anniversaria consuetudine antiquitus postulantur: aut, si inexcusabilis necessitas quiddam novum exigat nec dilationem publica utilitas patiatur, referri a ceteris iudicibus ad viros clarissimos praefectos praetorio et eorum arbitrio flagitanda deposci statimque id nostrae intimari clementiae. itaque iudicem, qui ultra iussa aliquid postulaverit, duplum iubemus inferre, officium vero eius quadruplum, viro clarissimo largitionum comite huic exactioni imminente, cum primum ad nos vel praefectos praetorio fuerit querella delata et facinus revelatum, ut et laesi nobis auctoribus aut praefectis recipiant, quod per arbitrium iudicis amiserant.

The same Augustus and Julian Caesar to the people. We order that only those things be exacted which are contained in the indictions issued by us or in other precepts and which are demanded by anniversary custom from antiquity: or, if an inexcusable necessity requires something new and public utility does not endure delay, it is to be referred by the other judges to the most illustrious Praetorian Prefects, and at their arbitrament the requisition is to be demanded, and at once this is to be intimated to our clemency. And so we order that a judge who has demanded anything beyond the orders pay double, but his officium fourfold, with the most illustrious Count of the Largesses superintending this exaction, as soon as a complaint has been brought to us or to the Praetorian Prefects and the crime revealed, so that the injured, under our authority or that of the prefects, may receive back what they had lost through the judge’s arbitrament.

dat. iiii non. april.

given on the 4th day before the nones of april.

mediolano constantio a. viii et iuliano c. conss. (356 apr. 2).

at milan, with constantius augustus for the 8th time and julian caesar,
consuls. (356 apr. 2).

CTh.11.16.8

Theodosian Code 11.16.8

Idem a. et caes. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. placet nullum omnino iudicem de cetero provincialibus inferendum aliquid indicere, ut ea tantum sedulo cunctorum studio pensitentur, quae canonis instituti forma complectitur vel nostra clementia decernit inferenda vel delegatione sollemniter sanciente vel epistulis praecedentibus.

The same Augustus and Caesar to Taurus, praetorian prefect. it pleases that no judge at all hereafter impose upon provincials the levying of anything, so that
only those things be paid, diligently by the zeal of all, which the form of the instituted canon embraces, or which our clemency decrees to be imposed, either
with a delegation solemnly sanctioning or with preceding letters.

sed si quid urguere forsitan coeperit, referri ad celsitudinem tuam statuimus et auctore te fieri et eo persoluto referri ad scientiam nostram, ut nobis iubentibus roboretur. de ceteris quae prospici oportet ante plurimum temporis, insinuetur nobis tempore indictionis ex more promendae. quippe suggerit ratio eius omnia serie contineri.

but if anything should perhaps begin to press, we have determined that it be referred to Your Loftiness and be done with you as author, and, once that is paid, that it be referred to our knowledge, so that, with us commanding, it may be corroborated. as for the rest, which it is proper to provide for far in advance, let it be intimated to us at the time of the indiction of what is to be brought forth according to custom. for indeed reason suggests that all these things be contained in a series.

ideoque tituli pensitandi semper ad nostram scientiam perferantur, ut indictione anniversariis vicibus emissa iubeamus inferri merito pensitanda. si quid autem arbitrio suo descripserit provinciales vel exegerit, in duplum inferet et officium eius quadruplum cogetur expendere, super exigenda condemnatione comite largitionum curante. dat.

And therefore let the headings of sums-to-be-paid always be conveyed to our knowledge, so that, once the indiction has been issued at the annual turns, we may order to be brought in the dues that are deserved to be paid.
But if he shall have, at his own discretion, entered anything upon the provincials or exacted it, he shall pay double, and his officium shall be compelled to expend quadruple,
the Count of the Largesses seeing to the exaction of the condemnation. Given.

kal. april. mediolano constantio a. viiii et iuliano caes.

on the Kalends of April, at Milan, in the consulship of Constantius Augustus (9) and Julian Caesar.

ii conss. (357 apr. 1).

the 2 consuls (357 apr. 1).

CTh.11.16.9

Idem a. et caes. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. exemplo africae debent fundi patrimoniales et emphyteutici per italiam constituti ab extraordinariis omnibus excusari.

The same Augustus and Caesar to Taurus, praetorian prefect. By the example of Africa, patrimonial and emphyteutic estates established throughout Italy ought to be excused from all extraordinary exactions.

non enim per italiam tantum, sed etiam per urbicarias regiones et siciliam patrimonialium et emphyteuticorum fundorum vires servandas esse perspeximus. proposita romae vii kal. mart.

for we have perceived that the forces (productive capacities) of patrimonial and emphyteutic estates must be preserved not only throughout Italy but also in the Urbicarian regions and in Sicily. Posted at Rome on February 23.

eusebio et hypatio conss. (359 febr. 23).

eusebius and hypatius, consuls. (359 feb. 23).

CTh.11.16.10

Theodosian Code 11.16.10

Imp. iulianus a. secundo praefecto praetorio. nihil provincialibus indici sine nostra scientia fas est neque rursus ex his quae sunt indicta referri.

Emperor Julian Augustus to Secundus, Praetorian Prefect. Nothing is lawful to be indicted/imposed upon the provincials without our knowledge, nor again from those things which have been indicted/imposed
to be referred/entered.

omnia igitur, quae consuetudo vel dispositio nostra amplectitur, hoc est cursum publicum, translationes, itinerum sollicitudines ceteraque similia cuncti possessores implere pariter compellantur. et cetera. proposita iii id. mart.

Therefore all things that our custom or regulation embraces—that is, the public post, transfers, the solicitudes of journeys,
and other similar matters—all proprietors are compelled alike to fulfill. And so forth. Posted March 13.

constantinopoli mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 mart. 13).

At Constantinople, with Mamertinus and Nevitta as consuls.
(March 13, 362).

CTh.11.16.11 [=brev.11.6.1]

Impp. valent. et valens aa. secundo pf. p. nihil a provincialibus extraordinaria patimur indictione deposci.

Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Secundus, Praetorian Prefect: we do not permit anything to be demanded from the provincials by extraordinary indiction.

caveat igitur magnifica auctoritas tua, ne praeter ea, quae a mansuetudine nostra patuerit indicta, tenuiorum oneret functionem; ut, si quis usurpatoria temeritate amplius aliquid fuerit conatus exigere, obnoxius quadrupli repetitione teneatur. quae severitas iussionis ad ordinariorum iudicum officiorumque terrorem debebit excurrere, ut, si eorum vel gratiosa conniventia vel ignobili dissimulatione temeritas admiserit curialis, eos quoque damni similis poena castiget. dat.

let, therefore, your magnificent authority beware, lest, beyond those things which by our clemency shall have been declared imposed, it burden the function of the poorer; so that, if anyone by usurpatory rashness shall have attempted to exact something more, he be held liable to fourfold repetition.
which severity of the command ought to extend to the terror of the ordinary judges and of the offices, so that, if by their gracious connivance or ignoble dissimulation the rashness of a curial shall have been allowed, a penalty of like damage may chastise them also. given.

xiv. kal. april.

march 19.

constantinopoli, valentin. et valente aa. coss.

at constantinople, valentinian and valens, augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. haec lex hoc praecipit, nihil debere a provincialibus de superindicticiis titulis peti, nisi ea tantum, quae a rerum dominis indicta constiterit. et hoc iubet, ut quicumque* aliquid superexigendum crediderit, quadrupli redhibitione componat. sed et ad ordinarios iudices hanc inquisitionem iubet excurrere, ut etiam si quid in provinciis eorum a quibuscumque* personis aut curialibus factum est, etiam eos similis damni poena castiget

interpretation. This law prescribes this: that nothing ought to be demanded from provincials under superindiction titles, except only those things which it has been established were imposed by the lords of affairs. And it orders this: that whoever* has believed anything to be over-exigible shall settle by restitution in quadruple. But it also bids this inquest to extend to the ordinary judges, so that even if anything in their provinces has been done by any* persons or by curials, even them the penalty of like damage may chastise

CTh.11.16.12

Theodosian Code 11.16.12

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad theodorum comitem rerum privatarum.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, the augusti, to theodorus, count of the private property.

ad virum clarissimum et illustrem praefectum praetorio italiae scripta porreximus, ut ab actoribus et conductoribus patrimonii nostri atque ab his, qui iure perpetuo possederunt, extraordinarii muneris cessaret iniuria neque suburbicariis partibus tironum immineret exactio. sane praestantia tua providere debebit, quatenus frumenti et equorum maturetur exactio. dat.

to the most distinguished and illustrious man
the Praetorian Prefect of Italy, we have presented writings, that from the agents and the lessees of our patrimony, and from those who have possessed by perpetual right, the injury of an extraordinary burden may cease, nor in the Suburbicarian parts should the exaction of recruits threaten. Surely Your Preeminence ought to provide to the extent that the exaction of grain and of horses be expedited. Given.

xv kal. april. treviris gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss.

15th day before the Kalends of April. at trier, gratian in his 5th and theodosius in his 1st consulship, the augusti, consuls.

(380 mart. 18).

(380
March 18).

CTh.11.16.13

Theodosian Code 11.16.13

Idem aaa. ad hypatium praefectum praetorio. privatae rei nostrae privilegiis permanentibus nihil extra ordinem praedia iure perpetuo consignata sustineant neque adiectis saepius ac praeter primum delegationis canonem postulatis adficiantur impendiis, quandoquidem neque aurario canoni sub privilegiis aestimato aliquid ex ea iubentibus nobis praebitionum diversitate decutitur et pari cum ceteris aestimari sorte non convenit, quos praeter annonarias functiones aestimata perpetuo pensionum praerogativa nexuerint.

The same Augusti to Hypatius, Praetorian Prefect. With the privileges of our Private Estate remaining in force, let the estates consigned by perpetual right sustain nothing out of the ordinary, nor be afflicted with expenses by demands added repeatedly and beyond the first canon of delegation; since neither is anything deducted from it, in the aurarian canon assessed under privileges, by reason of the diversity of prebitions we order, and it is not fitting that they be estimated on an equal lot with the others, whom, over and above the annona-functions, the perpetually assessed prerogative of pensions has bound.

proposita karthagine id. april. post cons. syagrii et eucherii.

posted
at carthage on april 13. after the consulship of syagrius and eucherius.

(382

[383] apr. 13).

CTh.11.16.14

Theodosian Code 11.16.14

Idem aaa. ad syagrium praefectum praetorio. eos, qui cum honore comitum, nomine magistrorum, memoriae praefuerint vel epistulis vel libellis, item eos, qui ibidem peragendis signandisque responsis nostrae mansuetudine obsecundant, omnium vilium munerum ac totius capitulariae sive, ut rem quam volumus intellegi communi denuntiatione signemus, temonariae functionis fieri iubemus exsortes, ita ut eorum uniuscuiusque adscriptio excusetur, non ut onus alterius excipiat, si etiam eius summae sit, ut recipere possit adiunctos, sed aut suum tantum munus agnoscat aut, si complacito opus est, magis alteri ipse societur quam eidem alter adnectatur.

The same Augusti, to Syagrius, Praetorian Prefect. those who, with the honor of counts, under the name of magisters, have presided over the memoria, whether of letters or of petitions, likewise those who in the same place comply with our Clemency in the carrying out and signing of responses, we order to be made exempt from all mean munera and from the whole capitular—or, that we may mark the matter which we wish to be understood by the common denomination, the temonary—function, such that the ascription of each one of them is excused, not that it should take up the burden of another, even if he be of that assessment such that he could receive adjuncts, but either let him acknowledge only his own munus, or, if there is need by agreement, let him himself rather be associated to another than another be annexed to the same.

hi igitur, qui ex eo gradu e palatio nostro abscesserint, adesse sibi competentia privilegia glorientur; qui vero superioribus dignitatibus creverint, nihilo minus huius loci privilegia praesto sibi fuisse laetentur. lecta iii kal. sep.

Therefore let those who have departed from that grade
from our palace boast that the appropriate privileges are present to them; but those who have grown to higher dignities, none the less
let them rejoice that the privileges of this place have been at the ready for them. Read on the 3rd day before the Kalends of September.

capuae antonio et syagrio conss. (382 aug. 30).

at capua, in the consulship of antonius and syagrius (382 aug. 30).

CTh.11.16.15

Theodosian Code 11.16.15

Idem aaa. ad hypatium praefectum praetorio. maximarum culmina dignitatum, consistoriani quoque comites, notarii etiam nostri et cubicularii omnes atque ex cubiculariis ab omnibus sordidis muneribus vindicentur; ceteros autem palatina vel militari intra palatium praerogativa munitos ita demum privilegium simile contingat, si prioribus statutis se ad eiusmodi exceptionem docuerint pertinere, ut non singulis indulta personis, sed in commune dignitati vel corpori eiusmodi beneficia doceantur fuisse concessa: circa ecclesias, rhetores atque grammaticos eruditionis utriusque vetusto more durante.

the same emperors to hypatius, praetorian prefect. let those at the summits of the greatest dignities, the consistorial counts as well, our notaries too, and all the chamberlains and former chamberlains, be vindicated from all sordid services; but let a similar privilege befall the rest who are fortified by a palatine or military prerogative within the palace only then, if by prior statutes they shall have shown themselves to pertain to such an exception, so that the benefits are shown to have been granted not to individual persons, but in common to the dignity or to the body: as regards churches, and rhetors and grammarians of both disciplines of erudition, the ancient custom continuing.

sane rerum extraordinariarum munus ab omnibus omnino magnificentia tua sciat esse poscendum nec posthac aut petitionem aut usurpationem cuiquam meminerit profuturam. sordidorum vero munerum talis exceptio sit, ut patrimoniis dignitatum superius digestarum nec conficiendi pollinis cura mandetur aut panis excoctio aut obsequium pistrini nec paraveredorum huiusmodi viris aut parangariarum praebitio mandetur, exceptis his, quibus ex more raeticus limes includitur vel expeditionis illyricae pro necessitate vel tempore utilitas adiuvatur. operarum atque artificum diversorum, excoquendae etiam calcis obsequia nulla de talibus adiumenta poscantur; materiam, lignum atque tabulata exceptorum virorum patrimonia non praebeant; carbonis quoque, nisi eum, quem moneta sollemniter vel fabricatio secundum veterem morem poscit armorum, ab huiusmodi viris praebitio desistat; publicis vel sacris aedibus construendis atque reparandis, hospitalium domorum minime curae subiaceant; viarum et pontium tales sollicitudo non oneret capituli atque temonis necessitas nulla mandetur; legatis atque allectis sumptus possessio huiusmodi privilegiis munita non ferat.

Indeed, let Your Magnificence know that the burden of extraordinary exactions is to be demanded from all absolutely, and that hereafter she should remember that neither petition nor usurpation will be of any avail to anyone. But let there be such an exception for sordid (menial) munera, that upon the patrimonies of the dignities set out above there be imposed neither the care of preparing fine flour nor the baking of bread nor the service of the bakehouse, nor let the supply of post-horses (paraveredi) or of parangariae be mandated upon such men—except in those cases in which, according to custom, the Raetian frontier is included, or for the necessity of an Illyrian expedition the exigency of the time is assisted. As to laborers and various craftsmen, and even the services for burning lime, let no aids of such a sort be demanded from them; let the patrimonies of the excepted men not provide timber, firewood, or planks; and as to charcoal, let the supplying by such men cease, unless it be that which the mint solemnly requires or which the fabrication of arms, according to ancient custom, demands. For the building and repairing of public or sacred buildings, and of hostel houses, let them in no way be subject to such care; nor let the concern for roads and bridges burden such persons, and let no necessity of the capitulum and of the wagon-pole (temo) be imposed; let an estate fortified by such privileges not bear the expenses for legates and allecti.

hoc tamen his patrimoniis prosit, quae dignitatem proprio videntur nomine possidere, ita ut personis ac dignitatibus indulta beneficia tamdiu unicuique, quamdiu superfuerit, suffragentur. omnes autem, quorum dignitates atque personas hac lege perstringimus, non solum quamdiu militaverint, verum etiam post missionem atque etiam eos, qui simili honore perfuncti sunt, generali praerogativa a praebitione sordidorum munerum vindicamus. dat.

Let this nevertheless profit those patrimonies which seem to possess dignity in their own name, so that the benefits granted to persons and to dignities support each one for as long as he shall survive. Moreover, all whose dignities and persons we touch by this law, not only for so long as they shall have served, but also after discharge, and even those who have been invested with a like honor, we vindicate by a general prerogative from the provision of sordid duties. Given.

v id. dec. antonio et syagrio conss. (382 dec.

December 9, under the consuls Antonius and Syagrius. (December 382

9).

CTh.11.16.16

Theodosian Code 11.16.16

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. ad neoterium praefectum praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to neoterius, praetorian prefect.

sordidorum munerum excusatio delata personis ad heredem successoremve transire non potest. neque enim potest esse perpetuum, quod non rebus sed personis contemplatione dignitatis adque militiae indulsisse nos constat. igitur ne superindictorum nomine cuiusvis domus minus praestet neve quis id audeat postulare, oraculi nostri definitione sancimus.

The exemption from sordid munera, when it has been conferred upon persons, cannot pass to the heir or the successor. For that cannot be perpetual which it is evident that we have indulged not to things but to persons, in consideration of dignity and of military service. Therefore, by the definition of our oracle, we sanction that, under the name of superindicted exactions, no one’s house should render less, nor should anyone dare to claim this.

dat. xviii kal. mai.

given on the 18th day before the Kalends of May.

mediolano arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 apr. 14).

at Milan, in the consulship of Arcadius (for the first time) and Bauto. (385 apr. 14).

CTh.11.16.17

Idem aaa. ad principium praefectum praetorio. cogendarum intuitu pensionum a fundis patrimonialibus vel emphyteuticis extraordinaria functionum sarcina removeatur; capiti atque fortunis eorum iudicum atque officiorum, qui privilegia tanta temeraverint, discrimine minime defuturo, si similem rursus inquietudinem movere temptaverint.

The same Augusti to Principius, the Praetorian Prefect. On the pretext of collecting pensions from patrimonial or emphyteutic estates, the extraordinary
burden of exactions shall be removed; to the person and fortunes of those judges and offices who shall have violated such great privileges, peril
will by no means be lacking, if they should attempt to stir up a similar inquietude again.

fundos enim tam patrimonialis iuris quam emphyteutici absque his, quae divali lege praecepta sunt, ad alia iubemus onera non vocari. dat. iii id. dec.

For we order that estates both of patrimonial right and of emphyteutic tenure, apart from those things which are prescribed by imperial law, are not to be called to other burdens. Given on the 3rd day before the Ides of December.

aquileiae arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 dec. 11).

at Aquileia, when Arcadius (for the 1st time) and Bauto were consuls. (385 Dec. 11).

CTh.11.16.18

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. tatiano praefecto praetorio.

The emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to tatianus, praetorian prefect

extraordinariorum munerum beneficiis nullum omnino potiri iubemus, sed quidquid talis obsequii communis omnibus populis functio postularit, id ab omnibus indiscretum meritis atque personis iubemus impleri. neque sane deest, ubi vel meritorum privilegia vel dignitatum a communione vindicemus, si quidem ea munera, quae sordida nuncupantur, exceptas lege prohibeamus obire personas, scilicet ne ad eorum obsequia amplissimarum etiam militari fastigio nomina dignitatum vel consistoriani comites devocentur. quae simili privilegio ecclesiis, rhetoribus adque grammaticis institutionis utriusque largimur.

we order that no one at all obtain the benefices of extraordinary munera, but that whatever the performance of such obedience, common to all peoples, shall have demanded, this be fulfilled by all without distinction of merits and persons. nor indeed is there lacking a sphere in which we may claim from the common lot either the privileges of merits or of dignities, since we forbid by law the persons excepted to undertake those munera which are called sordid, namely lest even the names of dignities of the most ample military eminence or the consistorian counts be summoned to their services. which similar privilege we grant to the churches, and to rhetors and grammarians of both instruction.

ac ne in occulto lateat quae sit, munerum enumeratio sordidorum vocabulis ipsis signata respondet. eius igitur patrimonium, quem ab his obsequiis lex nostra defendit, cura conficiendi pollinis non habebit; nullam excoctionem panis agnoscet; nulla pistrinis obsequia dependet; operas atque artifices non praebebit; excoquendae ab eo calcis sollicitudo cessabit; non conferendis tabulatis obnoxia, non lignis, indultam quoque materiem sub eadem exceptione numerabit; nulla paraveredorum et parangariarum praebitione pulsabitur exceptis his, quas raetiarum limes, expeditiones illyricae, quas pastus translatio militaris vel pro necessitate vel pro sollemnitate deposcunt; carbonis ab eo illatio non cogetur, nisi vel monetalis cusio vel antiquo more necessaria fabricatio poscit armorum nullam sollicitudinem publicarum aedium vel sacrarum constituendarum reparandarumve suscipiet; nulla pontium vel viarum constructione retinebitur; temonis sive capituli onera non sentiet; allectis atque legatis nihil in sumptuum collatione numerabit. quae universa ita enumerati viri ad suum noverint privilegium pertinere, ut ea nec uxorum facultatibus indulta congnoscant et suis patrimoniis cum vivendi circumscripta temporibus.

And, lest what it is should lie hidden, the enumeration of the sordid munera, denoted by the very terms themselves, supplies the answer. Therefore, the patrimony of him whom our law defends from these services will not have the care of preparing meal; it will acknowledge no baking of bread; it will pay no services to bakehouses; it will not provide labors and craftsmen; the anxiety for lime to be burned by him will cease; it is not liable to the supplying of planking, nor of timber, and it will reckon material granted under the same exception; it will not be harassed by any provision of paraveredi and parangariae, except for those which the Raetian frontier, the Illyrian expeditions, which the transport of military fodder requires either by necessity or by solemnity, demand; the delivery of charcoal will not be compelled from him, unless either the mint’s striking or, after the ancient custom, the necessary fabrication of arms requires it; he will undertake no solicitude for establishing or repairing public or sacred buildings; he will not be held to any construction of bridges or roads; he will not feel the burdens of the temon (wagon-pole) or of the capitation; for the allected and for envoys he will contribute nothing in the collection of expenses. Let all these things the men thus enumerated know to pertain to their privilege, in such a way that they recognize them as not conceded to the resources of their wives, and to their own patrimonies only for periods circumscribed by life.

neque enim ea, quae laborum contemplatione singulis sunt delata personis, heres poterit vindicare securus. dat. iii non.

nor indeed will an heir be able securely to vindicate those things which, in contemplation of labors, have been conferred upon individual persons. dated the 3rd day before the Nones.

iul. mediolano valentiniano a. iiii et neoterio conss. (390 iul.

July. At Milan, in the consulship of Valentinian, Augustus, for the 4th time, and Neoterius. (July 390

5).

CTh.11.16.19

Idem aaa. tatiano praefecto praetorio orientis. eam legem, quam de extraordinariis sordidisque muneribus expressis vocabulis functionum et insignibus dignitatum sine ulla ambage praescripsimus, ita circa eos, in quos nostra munera redundarunt, servandam esse praecipimus, ut isdem beneficiis non quamdiu militaverint, sed quamdiu vixerint perfruantur.

The same, the Augusti, to Tatianus, Praetorian Prefect of the East. We command that that law which, concerning extraordinary and sordid munera, with the express terms of the functions and the insignia of dignities, we have prescribed without any ambiguity, is to be observed in this way with respect to those upon whom our benefactions have overflowed, that they may enjoy the same benefits not for as long as they have served in military service, but for as long as they live.

dat. xi kal. april.

dated 11 days before the kalends of april.

mediolano tatiano et symmacho conss. (391 mart. 22).

at milan, tatianus and symmachus, consuls. (391 mar. 22).

CTh.11.16.20

Codex Theodosianus 11.16.20

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. messiano comiti rerum privatarum. evidenter atque absolute iubemus, ne fundi ad patrimonium nostrum pertinentes, seu conductionis titulo seu perpetuo iure teneantur, aliquid praeter ordinem superindicti vel pretii petiti nomine vel de sordidis quibuscumque muneribus agnoscant.

Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Messianus, Count of the Private Property. We clearly and absolutely command that estates pertaining to our patrimony, whether they are held under the title of conduction or by perpetual right, shall not acknowledge anything beyond the established order, under the name of a superindiction or of a demanded price, or concerning any sordid munera whatsoever.

nam hoc et a divis principibus impetratum est et a nostra serenitate reparatum. quisquis igitur iudicum contra fecerit, quinque pondo auri de facultatibus, alia de officiis suis, totidem et de curialibus, qui exsequi male iussa festinant, noverit eruenda. dat.

for this has both been obtained from the deified princes and restored by our Serenity. Therefore whoever of the judges shall have acted contrary, let him know that five pounds of gold are to be extracted from his resources, another from his staff, and the same number from the curials who hasten to carry out ill‑ordered commands. Given.

xvii kal. iul. mediolano olybrio et probino conss.

june 15, at milan, in the consulship of olybrius and probinus.

(395 [?] iun. 15).

(395 [?] June 15).

CTh.11.16.21

Codex Theodosianus 11.16.21

Idem aa. theodoro praefecto praetorio. privilegia venerabilis ecclesiae, quae divi principes contulerunt, inminui non oportet: proinde etiam quae circa urbis romae episcopum, observatio intemerata custodiet, ita ut nihil extraordinarii muneris ecclesia vel sordidae functionis agnoscat. et cetera.

The same, the Augusti, to Theodorus, praetorian prefect. The privileges of the venerable Church, which the deified princes have conferred, ought not to be diminished: accordingly
an inviolate observance shall also keep watch over those matters that concern the bishop of the city of Rome, such that the Church acknowledge nothing of extraordinary service or of sordid function. And so forth.

dat. prid. kal.

given on the day before the Kalends.

feb. mediolano caesario et attico conss. (397 ian.

feb. at milan, in the consulship of caesarius and atticus. (397 jan.

31).

CTh.11.16.22

Theodosian Code 11.16.22

Idem aa. theodoro praefecto praetorio. privilegia venerabilis ecclesiae inminui non patimur, ita ut nihil extraordinarii muneris ecclesiae vel sordidae functionis agnoscant. quidquid igitur praeceptis veteribus reverentia religionis obtinuit, mutilari etiam poenae interminatione prohibemus; ita ut hi quoque qui ecclesiae obtemperant his, quibus cautum est, beneficiis perfruantur.

Likewise, the same Augusti to Theodorus, praetorian prefect. We do not allow the privileges of the venerable church to be diminished, such that they acknowledge no extraordinary duty of the church or sordid function. Whatever therefore the reverence of religion has obtained by ancient precepts, we forbid to be mutilated, with the threat of penalty as well, so that those also who obey the church may enjoy the benefits for which provision has been made.

dat. prid. id. iun.

Dated the day before the Ides of June.

mediolano caesario et attico conss. (397 iun. 12).

milan in the consulship of caesarius and atticus. (397 June 12).

CTh.11.16.23

Idem aa. et theodosius a. melitio praefecto praetorio. post alia: ab illustribus personis sordida munera et extraordinariae necessitatis damna removemus. et cetera.

The same Augusti and Theodosius Augustus, to Melitius, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: from illustrious persons we remove sordid services and the losses of extraordinary necessity and the rest.

dat. xv kal. mar.

given on the 15th day before the Kalends of March.

ravennae dd. nn. honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412

at ravenna, our lords, the augusti, honorius, consul for the 9th time, and theodosius, consul for the 5th time. (412

[409] febr. [?] 15).

[409] Feb. [?] 15).

CTh.11.17.0. De equorum collatione

CTh.11.17.0. On the levy of horses

CTh.11.17.1

Theodosian Code 11.17.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. alexandrino comiti rerum privatarum. viceni et terni solidi per singulos equos, qui a colonis atque ab obnoxiis exiguntur, ipsi magis iugiter, quam fraude procuratorum nostrorum equi, offerantur.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Alexandrinus, Count of the Private Estates. Twenty-and-three solidi for each horse, which are exacted from the coloni and from the obligated, let the horses themselves rather be continually offered than, through the fraud of our procurators, the sum be exacted.

dat. iii kal. iun.

given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of June.

marcianopoli lupicino et iovino conss. (367 mai. 30).

at marcianopolis lupicinus and
jovinus, consuls. (367 may 30).

CTh.11.17.2

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. pompeiano proconsuli africae. sicut dudum praeceptum est, quam primum equorum, qui curatoricio nomine flagitantur, in pretio maturetur exactio, ita ut viceni quidem solidi pro singulis equis a provincialibus exigantur, septeni vero contubernalibus ministrentur.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Pompeianus, proconsul of Africa. Just as was previously prescribed, as soon as possible let the exaction for the horses, which are demanded under the curatorial name,
be expedited in cash, so that twenty solidi for each horse are exacted from the provincials, but seven, indeed,
are supplied to the contubernales.

dat. id. feb. mediolano vincentio et fravito conss.

Given on the Ides of February at Milan, with Vincentius and Fravitus as consuls.

(401 febr. 13).

(401 February 13).

CTh.11.17.3

Theodosian Code 11.17.3

Idem aa. praefectis praetorio et comiti sacrarum largitionum. equos canonicos militares dioeceseos africanae secundum subiectam notitiam singularum provinciarum ex praesenti duodecima indictione iussimus adaerari, in tribuendis viris clarissimis comitibus stabuli sportulis in binis solidis pro singulis equis servari consuetudinem decernentes. quam formam quodannis observari praecipimus, ut secundum postulationem gaudenti viri clarissimi comitis africae devotissimo militi septeni solidi pro equis singulis tribuantur.

The same emperors to the praetorian prefects and to the count of the sacred largesses. the canonical military horses of the African diocese, according to the subjoined notice of the several provinces, from the present 12th indiction we have ordered to be commuted into money, decreeing that, in granting gratuities to the most illustrious men, the counts of the stable, the custom be observed of two solidi for each horse. which form we order to be observed every year, so that, according to the petition of Gaudentius, a most illustrious man, count of Africa, seven solidi for each horse be granted to the most devoted soldier.

dat. xii kal. april.

dated on the 12th day before the Kalends of April.

mediolano vincentio et fravito conss. (401 mart. 21).

at milan, in the consulship of vincentius and fravitus. (401 march 21).

CTh.11.17.4

Codex Theodosianus 11.17.4

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. herculio praefecto praetorio. constructioni murorum et comparationi transvectionique specierum universi sine ullo privilegio coartentur ad necessitates illyricianas: nam in his dumtaxat titulis nullum sub quodam cessare privilegii velamento censemus, sed sub hac condicione, cum tempus exegerit, huiusmodi collationi subcumbant, ut non tantum requiratur idoneus, verum universi pro portione suae possessionis iugationisque ad haec munia coartentur et a summis sarcina ad infimos usque decurrat.

The emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Herculius, Praetorian Prefect. For the construction of walls and the procurement and transvection of supplies, let all without any privilege be constrained to the Illyrian necessities: for in these titles only we judge that no one may stand idle under some veil of privilege, but under this condition, when the time shall require, they should submit to a collation of this sort, that not only a suitable person be required, but that all, in proportion to their possession and jugation, be constrained to these duties, and that the burden run from the highest down to the lowest.

dat. iii id. april. constantinopoli basso et philippo conss.

Given on April 11, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Bassus and Philip.

(408 apr. 11).

(408 Apr. 11).

CTh.11.18.0. Qui a praebitione tironum et equorum excusentur

CTh.11.18.0. Who are to be excused from the provision of recruits and of horses

CTh.11.18.1

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. melitio praefecto praetorio. tirones, quorum pretia exhausti aerarii necessitas flagitavit, praebere nolumus illustres viros praefectos, cum gerunt infulas dignitatis vel cum sublimem egerint praefecturam; non magistros militum vel comites domesticorum simile munus adstringat, neque enim tirones de facultatibus eorum poscendi sunt, quorum virtus triumphis nostris subiugat de hoste captivos; non praepositum vel primicerium sacri cubiculi, non castrensem, non comitem sacrae vestis, non ceteros cubicularios, non magistrum officiorum, quaestorem vel comites sacri ac privati aerarii illustres, non virum spectabilem primicerium notariorum, non consistorianos comites ac scriniorum magistros vel tribunos et notarios eadem damni multa percellet; non viros spectabiles comites archiatrorum, non comites stabuli, curapalatii, scholares, proximos scriniorum eademque scrinia, comites dispositionum, decuriones, magistrum admissionum et ceteras similes comitum laboribus nostris socias dignitates eiusdem praestationis sors teneat; non tribunos vel praepositos militares post testimonium inveteratae militiae.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Melitius, Praetorian Prefect. We do not wish the illustrious men, the prefects, to furnish recruits—whose prices the necessity of an exhausted treasury has demanded—either while they wear the fillets of dignity or when they have borne the sublime prefecture; let not the Masters of Soldiers or the Counts of the Domestics be bound to a similar duty, for recruits are not to be demanded from the resources of those whose valor subjugates captives for our triumphs over the enemy; let not the Praepositus or the Primicerius of the Sacred Bedchamber, nor the Castrensis, nor the Count of the Sacred Wardrobe, nor the other chamberlains, nor the Master of Offices, the Quaestor or the illustrious Counts of the Sacred and of the Private Treasury, nor the man of spectabilis rank, the Primicerius of the Notaries, nor the consistorial counts and the Masters of the Scrinia or the Tribunes and Notaries be struck by the same penalty of loss; let not men of spectabilis rank, the Counts of the Chief-Physicians, nor the Counts of the Stable, the Cura Palatii, the Scholares, the Proximi of the Scrinia and the Scrinia themselves, the Counts of Dispositions, the Decurions, the Master of Admissions, and the other similar dignities allied to our labors, be held by the lot of the same exaction; nor tribunes or military praepositi after a testimonial of long-standing service.

habeant in commune omnes, sive dum administrant seu postquam administraverint, debitum regiae liberalitatis officium; nemo tirones equos vel praestationem aurariam vereatur, quem sub legis nostrae sanctione prosequimur. illos tantum tironum atque auri munus adstringat, quos honorarios vocavit antiquitas vel qui fasces civilium partium consecuti nulla prius laboribus rudimenta posuerunt. de ipsis etiam militaris nominis viris eos praepositos vel tribunos a privilegiis esse convenit alienos, qui castrorum expertes habentur nec in hostem martio aere caluerunt.

let all have in common, whether while they
administer or after they have administered, the due office of royal liberality; let no one, whom we uphold under the sanction of our law, fear recruits, horses, or the aurarian prestation.
Let the duty of recruits and of gold bind only those whom antiquity called Honorarii, or who, having attained the fasces of the civil parts, had previously laid down no rudiments of labors.
Concerning the very men also of the military name, it is fitting that those praepositi or tribunes be alien to privileges who are held unacquainted with the camp and have not grown hot against the enemy in martial bronze.

dat. xv kal. mart.

given on the 15th day before
the Kalends of March.

ravennae honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss. (409

at Ravenna, in the consulship of Honorius for the 8th time and Theodosius for the 3rd, the Augusti, consuls. (409

[412] febr. 15).

[412] Feb. 15).

CTh.11.19.0. De collatione fundorum patrimonialium vel emphyteuticorum et rei privatae

CTh.11.19.0. On the contribution of patrimonial or emphyteutic estates and of the private domain

CTh.11.19.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad dometium dracontium. quotiens plures fundum patrimonialem possident, pro portionibus fieri a singulis non vetetur illatio.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Dometius Dracontius. Whenever several persons possess a patrimonial estate, the payment to be made by each according to their shares must not be forbidden.

quorundam enim probata industria ceterorum culpa poterit coherceri. dat. xv kal.

for by the approved industry of certain men the fault of the rest can be restrained. given on the 15th day before the kalends.

mai. sirmi, accepta xv kal. iun.

may, at sirmium, received on the 15th day before the kalends of june.

karthagine crispo ii et constantino ii conss. (321 apr. 17).

at Carthage Crispus, for the 2nd time, and Constantine, for the 2nd time, consuls. (321 apr. 17).

CTh.11.19.2

Theodosian Code 11.19.2

Imp. iulianus a. omnes, qui patrimoniales fundos retinent, pro his conveniendi sunt ad universorum munerum functiones, sicut unumquemque privatorum necessitas publicae pensitationis adstringit. et cetera.

Emperor Julian Augustus. All who retain patrimonial estates are to be convened for the performance of all munera on behalf of these, just as the necessity of public pensitation constrains each of the private persons. And the rest.

dat. v kal. april.

dated the 5th day before the Kalends of April

mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 mart. 28).

mamertinus and nevitta consuls. (362 March 28).

CTh.11.19.3

THE THEODOSIAN CODE 11.19.3

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. provincialibus byzacenis. ab emphyteuticariis possessoribus annonariam quidem solutionem per quattuor menses ita statuimus procurari, ut circa ultimos anni terminos paria concludantur; aurum vero non ex die x kal.

Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to the Byzacene provincials. By the emphyteuticary possessors the annona-payment is indeed to be procured over four months, thus we have determined, so that around the last deadlines of the year the equal installments may be concluded; but as for the gold, not from the day the 10th before the Kalends.

dec. in prid. kalendarum ianuariarum, sed per annum solidum, prout quisque pendere potuerit, inferetur.

on the day before the Kalends of January, but it shall be brought in through the entire year, just as each person will have been able to pay.

dat. id. sep. aquileiae divo ioviano et varroniano conss.

Given on the Ides of September at Aquileia, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and
Varronianus, consuls.

(364 sept. 12).

(364 Sept. 12).

CTh.11.19.4

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. firmino comiti sacrarum largitionum. post alia: qui praedia patrimonialia et emphyteutica, privatae quoque rei perpetuo iure retinent et dominici actores augmenti et superindicticii et onerum raeticorum dicuntur mediam nolle solvere pensionem.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Firminus, Count of the Sacred Largesses. After other things: those who hold patrimonial and emphyteutic estates, and also
property of the private estate by perpetual right, and the agents of the imperial demesne of the augment, of the superindiction, and of the Raetian burdens, are said to be unwilling to pay the half pension.

igitur iubemus, ut moniti rationales sciant ea, quae a divae memoriae valentiniano constituta sunt, quam primitus esse servanda. dat. viiii kal.

therefore we order that, being admonished, the rationales may know that the things which were constituted by Valentinian of divine memory are to be observed just as at first. Given 9 Kal.

iun. mediolano honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss. (398 mai.

jun. at milan honorius augustus 4 and eutychianus, consuls. (398 may.

24).

CTh.11.20.0. De collatione donatarum vel relevatarum possessionum

CTh.11.20.0. On the collation of donated or relieved possessions

CTh.11.20.1

Imp. iulianus a. aginatio consulari byzacenae. admodum nobis videtur absurdum et a nostrorum temporum tranquillitate submotum, ut ii, qui proscriptionis sortem pertulerunt, ad exemplum eorum, qui fundos donatos sacra liberalitate tenuerunt, auri atque argenti collationi redderentur obnoxii, quae sub divae memoriae constantio adscripta est, cum multum intersit inter eum, qui principali munificentia perfruitur, et eos, qui propria recuperare meruerunt.

The Emperor Julian Augustus to Aginatius, consularis of Byzacena. It seems to us very absurd and removed from the tranquility of our times that those
who have borne the lot of proscription, after the example of those who have held estates donated by sacred liberality, should be rendered liable to the contribution of gold and silver,
which was inscribed/enacted under Constantius of blessed memory, since there is much difference between the one who enjoys principal munificence and those who have deserved to recover their own property.

dat. prid. id. novemb.

Given on November 12.

mampsystae iuliano a. iiii et sallustio conss. (363 nov. 12).

at mampsystae, in the consulship of julian augustus for the 4th time and sallustius, consuls. (363 nov. 12).

CTh.11.20.2

Codex Theodosianus 11.20.2

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. eos, qui rem paternam vel suam a fisco recuperare meruerunt, a collatione auri atque argenti, quae adscripta est et his, qui aliquid a sacra liberalitate meruerunt, tutos defensosque servari praecipimus.

Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. Those who have merited to recover their paternal property or their own from the fisc, from the contribution of gold and silver, which has been ascribed also to those who have merited something from the sacred liberality, we order to be kept safe and defended.

dat. vi kal. mai.

Given on April 26.

divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 apr. 26).

in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus. (364 Apr. 26).

CTh.11.20.3

Theodosian Code 11.20.3

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. hadriano praefecto praetorio. exigua quodammodo aedificiorum pensitatio nullum erga possessiones suas superindicti oneris pondus agnoscat.

Emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to hadrianus, praetorian prefect. Let the slight, in a certain way, assessment of buildings acknowledge no weight toward their possessions of an additionally imposed burden.

per omnes autem civitates municipia vicos castella ex horreis balneis ergasteriis tabernis domibus cenaculis, salinis etiam omnibus praeter mancipum, quae populi romani lavacris inserviunt, vel his, quae in memoratis locis sub pensionis locatione retinentur, nullius excepta persona unius anni, hoc est tertiae indictionis devotione congrua a locorum dominis pensio conferatur, excepta scilicet aeternabili urbe, quam ab huiusmodi munere reverentia propriae maiestatis excusat. ea videlicet ratione servata, ut, si qui dominorum defuerit, vel a procuratoribus vel ab his qui haec loca sub conductione detentant, id quod praeceptum est inferatur dominorum rationibus imputandum, ea condicione servata, ut sciant tantum, quantum ipsi percipere consuerunt, omni maturitate oportere conferre. dat.

but through all cities, municipalities, vici, castella, from granaries, baths, ergasteria (workshops), taberns, houses, upper rooms, and even all salt-works, except those of the contractors which serve the baths of the Roman People, or those which in the aforesaid places are retained under a lease of rent, with no person excepted, a payment for one year, that is, with the devotion appropriate to the third indiction, shall be contributed by the lords of the places, the Eternal City, to be sure, being excepted, which the reverence of its own majesty excuses from a munus of this kind. This proviso being observed, namely, that, if any of the owners should be lacking, either by the procurators or by those who hold these places under lease, that which is ordered be paid, to be charged to the accounts of the owners, this condition being kept, that they know that only as much as they themselves are accustomed to receive must be contributed with all speed. Given.

iii non. octob. ravennae stilichone et aureliano conss.

3 Nones of October, at Ravenna, Stilicho and Aurelianus, consuls.

(400

[405] oct. 5).

CTh.11.20.4pr.

CTh.11.20.4pref.

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. trygetio comiti rerum privatarum. largitates tam nostrae clementiae quam retro principum ex eo tempore, quo in bene meritos de re publica conferuntur, tenere perpetem firmitatem praecipimus, ut, quod unusquisque meruit et recte transmisit, nec ad heredem nec ad originem filiorum nepotumve sollicitudinem revocetur; nec quisquam pro his possessionibus, quae largitate principali iam dudum in singulos quosque collatae sunt, damnosae conventionis molestiam pertimescat.

Emperors honorius and theodosius, Augusti, to trygetius, Count of the Private Estates. The largesses as much of our clemency as of former princes, from that time at which they are conferred upon those who have well deserved of the commonwealth, we command to hold perpetual firmness, so that what each person has merited and has rightly
transmitted, let no anxiety be recalled either to the heir or to the origin of sons or grandsons; nor let anyone, on account of those possessions which by princely largess long ago have been conferred upon each and every individual, dread the annoyance of a ruinous suit.

(423 mai. 19).

(423 May 19).

CTh.11.20.4.1

Sane, quod non optamus, si umquam extiterit tanta necessitas, ut aliquid in adiumentum aerarii nostri publica requirat expensa, adiuvari nos biennali pensione praecipimus, quae non gravat possessorem, ut et temporum rationem et possessionis, de cuius non potest soliditate dubitari, ante oculos collocemus. ideoque si quando in dono datis intra quinquennium possidentem necessitas dandi forte reppererit, hunc a collatione esse iubemus alienum si vero post quinquennium intra decem annorum spatia fuerit possessor inventus, mediam biennalis pensionis inferat portionem. ii vero, qui supra decennium dono data inventi fuerint praedia possidere, si emerserit ulla necessitas, integra biennali nos adiuvent pensione.

Indeed, which we do not desire, if ever so great a necessity should arise that the public expense requires something in aid of our treasury, to be aided
by a biennial pension we command, which does not burden the possessor, so that we may set before our eyes both the reckoning of the times and of the possession, the solidity of which cannot
be doubted. And therefore, if ever the necessity of giving should perchance find a possessor within a five-year period in properties given as a gift,
we order this man to be foreign to the contribution; but if after five years, within the space of ten years, a possessor shall be found,
let him pay in half of the biennial pension. But those who beyond a decade are found to possess estates given as a gift, if any necessity shall have emerged,
let them aid us with the full biennial pension.

(423 mai. 19).

(May 19, 423).

CTh.11.20.4.2

Quod si contra hanc formam scientia iudicis vel exsecutoris conventio pulsandum intra haec tempora iudicaverit possessorem, ad multam sexaginta librarum auri persolvendam se noverint adstringendos. nec officium palatinum hac excusatione utatur, ut paucos esse adserat, ad quorum partes et scrinium haec cura pertineat, sed omnes omnium scriniorum totius militiae, quod sub privato meret aerario, ad praescriptam poenam se noverint adtinendos, ita ut primates praeter damnum etiam cinguli amissione multentur, si cuiquam providentiam simulanti consensum in hac suggestione aut instructionem praebuerint. (423 mai.

But if, contrary to this form, the cognizance of a judge or of an executor shall have adjudged that the possessor must be sued by an action within these times, let them know that they are to be bound to pay a fine of sixty pounds of gold. Nor let the Palatine office use this excuse, namely, to assert that there are few persons to whose departments and scrinium this care pertains, but let all of all the scrinia of the whole militia, which draws pay under the private Aerarium, know that they are to be held to the prescribed penalty, such that the primates, besides the loss, are also punished by the forfeiture of the cingulum, if they shall have furnished consent in this suggestio or instruction to anyone feigning providentia. (423 May.

19).

CTh.11.20.4.3

Theodosian Code 11.20.4.3

Ipsum enim codicem causam concussionis et fraudis et universa scripturarum genera tali conexa negotio, ne vestigia timoris posthac ulla remaneant, in conventu provincialium flammis iubemus exuri eademque poena, si posthac ulla extiterit, quod in ipsa aliave provincia huiusmodi adserat se proferre documentum, pro publica quiete deperire. proposita in foro traiani xiiii kal. iun.

For the code itself, the cause of extortion and fraud, and all kinds of writings connected with such a business, lest any traces of fear hereafter remain, we order to be burned by flames in an assembly of the provincials; and by the same penalty, if hereafter anything should arise which, in this or another province, claims to put itself forward as a document of this kind, it shall perish for the public quiet. posted in the Forum of Trajan on May 19.

asclepiodoto et mariniano conss. (423 mai. 19).

Asclepiodotus and Marinianus,
consuls. (May 19, 423).

CTh.11.20.5pr.

Imp. theodosius a. asclepiodoto praefecto praetorio. ab universis, qui post obitum divi avi clementiae meae ex munificentia tam divae recordationis patris ac patrui mei quam etiam serenitatis meae fundos cuiuslibet iuris petiverunt, sub hac dispositione reditus conferantur, ut, quicumque a praesenti die triennio possident, unius anni habentes immunitatem pro reliquo biennio medii anni conferant reditus; ex triennio vero usque quinquennium, unius anni; a quinquennio usque ad decennium, biennii; a decennio et ultra, triennii.

Emperor Theodosius Augustus to Asclepiodotus, Praetorian Prefect.
By all those who, after the death of the deified grandfather of Our Clemency, have, from the munificence both of my father and uncle of divine remembrance and also of Our Serenity, sought estates of whatever right, the revenues are to be contributed under this arrangement,
that whoever have possessed for a three-year period from the present day, having an immunity of one year, shall for the remaining biennium contribute the revenues of a half-year;
but from three years up to five years, of one year; from five up to ten years, of two years; from ten years and beyond, of three years.

in qua dispositione etiam ii habebuntur, qui dempto canone possessiones cuiuslibet iuris donationis obtinent titulo aut, cum essent domini possessionum, canonem ex parte vel integrum adimi exoraverunt, ita tamen, ut, qui fundum dempto canone accepit, reditus universos, quos ipse percepit, iuxta datam dispositionem temporis solvat; qui vero dominus constitutus possessionis tantum canonis promeruit relevationem, canonem tantum pro data forma, hoc est aut dimidii anni aut unius aut biennii aut triennii, solvat; eadem ratione etiam illis tenendis, qui relevationem iugationis ex simplici beneficio meruerunt. sane qui inspectorem specialem ac si de ieiunis ac desertis possessionibus, accepisse dicuntur, electionem a sede culminis tui propositam amplectantur et aut solvant, ut dictum est, quod nunc consequuntur lucri pro rata temporum ratione, aut, si hoc moleste tulerint, patiantur denuo alios inspectores dirigi. (424 mai.

in which disposition there shall also be held those who, the canon being removed, hold possessions of whatever right by the title of donation, or who, although they were owners of the possessions, have begged that the canon be taken away in part or in whole, provided, however, that he who received a fund with the canon removed shall pay all the revenues which he himself has perceived, according to the given disposition of time; but he who, constituted as owner of the possession, has earned only a relief of the canon shall pay the canon only according to the given form, that is, either of half a year or of one year or of two years or of three years; by the same rule also to be observed for those who have deserved a relief of the jugation from a simple benefit. Indeed, those who are said to have received a special inspector, as if in respect of lean and deserted possessions, should embrace the choice proposed by the seat of your eminence and either pay, as has been said, what profit they now obtain, pro rata according to the reckoning of the times, or, if they take this ill, let them allow other inspectors to be sent again. (424 May

13).

CTh.11.20.5.1

Theodosian Code 11.20.5.1

Quod si qui ex possessionibus principali sibi quondam liberalitate donatis postmodum quasdam aliis aut venumdedit aut et ipse donavit, pro his quidem, quae venditae probabuntur, ille se statutis praesentibus obnoxium esse cognoscat, qui videtur pretium consecutus. cui vero non vendita, sed legitime donata vel iure successionis adquisita possessio est, is profecto debebit iustius adtineri ad illa praestanda iuxta tempora praefinita, qui adipisci in praesenti ex donata sibimet possessione monstratur. qui vero alterius nomine ex munificentia principali donatos obtinet fundos quique relevationis vel peraequationis beneficium simili modo consecutus ostenditur, ipse ad huiusmodi solutionem debebit adstringi, qui non ut petitor, sed ut dominus et possessor rei poterit adprobari.

But if anyone, from possessions once donated to him by imperial liberality, afterwards either sold some to others or he himself also donated them,
for those, indeed, which shall be proven to have been sold, let him recognize himself to be liable under the present statutes who appears to have received the price. But to whom the possession is not sold, but lawfully donated or acquired by right of succession, that one ought more justly to be held to render those dues according to the times pre-defined,
who is shown at present to be deriving enjoyment from the possession donated to himself. But he who, in another’s name, holds estates donated by imperial munificence and who is shown likewise to have obtained the benefit of relief or equalization,
he himself ought to be bound to a payment of this sort, he who can be approved not as a petitioner, but as the lord and possessor of the thing.

vel certe si hoc casu quodam patere forsitan non valebit, ab ipsa possessione, quae vel donata vel peraequata aut relevata est, supra dicti fructus beneficii conferantur. (424 mai. 13).

or at least, if perhaps in this particular case it will not be able to be applicable, let the fruits of the aforesaid benefit be conferred from the possession itself, which has either been donated or equalized or relieved. (424 May 13).

CTh.11.20.5.2

Theodosian Code 11.20.5.2

Scituris cunctis, quod, quisquis praedictam praestationem intra quattuor menses, ex quo fuerit admonitus, inferre distulerit, ipsas possessiones, quae donatae eidem videntur, amittet, ii vero, qui certum quid collationis seu functionis indictae pro temporali possessione praestiterint, pleno in posterum beneficii principalis, quod aliquando meruerunt, munere perfruentur. dat. iii id. mai.

Be it known to all that whoever has deferred to bring in the aforesaid prestation within four months from the time he has been admonished will lose the very possessions
which seem to have been granted to him; but those who have rendered a certain amount of the levied collation or imposed function for the temporary possession
will henceforth enjoy the full munus of the principal benefice which they once merited. given on May 13.

constantinopoli victore v. c. cons. (424 mai. 13).

at Constantinople
with Victor, a most distinguished man, as consul (424 May 13).

CTh.11.20.6pr.

CTh. 11.20.6 preface.

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. antiocho praefecto praetorio. eorum iugorum sive capitum sive quo alio nomine nuncupantur privati iuris vel patrimonialis sive civilis sive templorum, quae a principio imperii divae recordationis arcadii genitoris mei ex petitionibus diversorum vel ultro datis adnotationibusque in praesentem diem qualitercumque relevata sunt vel adaerata levius vel de patrimoniali iure ad privatam vel in aurariam aerariam atque ferrariam praestationem translata, quinta pars commodi, quod ex eo beneficio ad dominos fundorum pervenit, ex eodem tempore exacta pro aestimatis per singulos annos habitis arcae et sacrarum largitionum viribus ex aequo societur.

Emperors theodosius and valentinian, augusti, to Antiochus, praetorian prefect. Of those yokes or heads, or by whatever other name they are designated,
of private right or patrimonial or civil or of temples, which from the beginning of the reign of Arcadius of divine remembrance, my begetter, from the petitions
of various persons or from endorsements given unprompted, down to the present day have in whatever manner been relieved or commuted into cash more lightly, or from patrimonial right
to private, or transferred into a gold-, copper-, and iron-prestation, a fifth part of the profit, which from that benefice has come to the owners
of the estates, shall, from that same time, be exacted, in accordance with the appraisals held year by year, and to the resources of the chest and of the sacred largesses in equal measure
be shared.

exceptis his, quae in capitatione humana atque animalium diversis qualitercumque concessa sunt, ita ut omnium, quae praedicto tempore atque etiam sub inclytae recordationis avo nostro in terrena sive animarum discriptione relevata sunt usque ad quadringentorum iugorum sive capitum quantitatem pars dimidia publicis censibus adiungatur, ut, si quidem usque ad quadringenta iuga vel capita relevatio facta est, dimidia tantum pars fisco reddatur, si vero amplius aliquid relevatum est, usque ad ducentorum iugorum vel capitum aput beneficium consecutos relevatio firma permaneat, reliqua omnia publicis censibus refundantur. aut enim intra ducentorum numerum pro rata partis dimidiae portione unumquemque relevari conveniet aut ultra eundem minime ad dispendium publicum praestita relevatione abuti, sive in una sive in diversis provinciis vel suo vel interposito nomine huiusmodi beneficium impetravit. nisi si quis se pro fundis sterilibus ac desertis maioris etiam adscriptionis relevationem iuste meruisse firmaverit et inspectore seu peraequatore misso probaverit, non iam secundum nostrum beneficium, quod usque ad ducenta iuga vel capita pro dimidia parte indulsimus, sed pro inspectionis futurae veritate ac fide tributa publica soluturus.

excepting those things which, in the capitation of humans and of animals, have in various ways been granted, such that of all things which in the aforesaid time and even under our grandsire of illustrious memory, in the assessment (discription) of lands or of souls, were relieved up to the quantity of 400 yokes or heads, a half part be added to the public censuses, so that, if indeed relief was made up to 400 yokes or heads, only the half part be returned to the fisc; but if anything more was relieved, the relief shall remain firm up to 200 yokes or heads with those who obtained the beneficium, and all the rest be refunded to the public censuses. For either within the number of 200 it will be fitting that each be relieved in proportion of the half part, or beyond the same number by no means to abuse the relief granted to the detriment of the public, whether he has obtained such a beneficium in one or in diverse provinces, in his own name or through an interposed name. Unless someone shall have established that he justly deserved relief of even a greater assignment on account of barren and deserted estates and shall have proved it when an inspector or equalizer is sent, he shall pay the public tributes not now according to our beneficium, which we have indulged up to 200 yokes or heads for the half part, but according to the truth and credibility of the inspection to come.

(430 dec. [?] 31).

(430 Dec. [?] 31).

CTh.11.20.6.1

Theodosian Code 11.20.6.1

Adaeratis etiam et qualitercumque translatis ex quarta decima feliciter futura indictione translatione vel adaeratione servata modum collationis imponi, qui consecutis partem quandam beneficii reservabit pro regionum diversitate factae adaerationis modum atque omnium, quae in huiusmodi rebus consideranda sunt, qualitatem praefectura amplissima disponente. (430 dec. [?] 31).

Also, for those adaerated and however transferred from the happily forthcoming 14th indiction, with the translation or adaeration preserved, let a measure of assessment be imposed,
which, for those who have obtained some part of the benefice, will reserve the mode of the adaeration made according to the diversity of regions, and
the quality of all things that are to be considered in matters of this kind, the most ample prefecture disposing. (430 dec. [?] 31).

CTh.11.20.6.2

Illis solis ab hac discriptione a sublimitate tua sicut visum fuerit disponente penitus eximendis et in praesenti collationis modo mansuris, quae civitatibus vel curiis vel officiis in commune remissa sunt vel aliquando personarum magis indulta, sed ex dispositione amplissimae sedis tuae, si qua sit de relevatione suspicio, inspectioni verissimae subiciendis. (430 dec. [?] 31).

Those alone are to be wholly exempted from this assessment, at your Sublimity’s disposing as it shall have seemed good, and are to remain in the present mode of collation, which have been remitted in common to the cities or the curiae or the offices, or at times more particularly granted to persons, but, by the disposition of your most ample seat, if there be any suspicion concerning alleviation, to be subjected to most truthful inspection. (430 dec. [?] 31).

CTh.11.20.6.3

Exactionem vero quintae partis collationum ab exordio imperii divae memoriae patris mei, ut dictum est, iam nunc fieri ab his qui emerunt vel eorum heredibus, si solvendo sint, vel detentatoribus, pro quo quisque possedit tempore, ....Obiit, posterioribus vel novis dominis, ad quos relevata praedia devenerunt, contra suos auctores actionibus legitimis reservandis, neque penitus ullo sub quocumque privilegio dispositione hac eximendo. (430 dec. [?] 31).

The exaction of the fifth part of the contributions, from the beginning of the reign of my father of divine memory, as has been said, is now to be made from those who purchased, or from their heirs, if they are solvent, or from detentors, for the time during which each possessed, ....He died, from later or new owners, to whom the relieved estates have come, with lawful actions reserved against their authors (grantors), and with no one at all to be exempted from this disposition under any privilege whatsoever. (430 dec. [?] 31).

CTh.11.20.6.4

Firmiter in futurum et sine ulla discriptionis molestia aput eos, qui meruerunt, divina indulgentia permansura, ita ut ne retractari quidem nec proferri in medium has rursus liceat rationes, completis his, quae in praesenti de causis singulis aut personis pro rerum necessitate statuta sunt. dat. prid.

Firmly for the future, and without any annoyance of apportionment, among those who have deserved it, the divine indulgence shall remain, such that it is not permitted that these accounts be even reconsidered nor brought again into the open, once those things which at present have been decreed concerning individual cases or persons, according to the necessity of affairs, have been completed. Given on the day before.

kal. ian. constantinopoli dd. nn. theodosio xiii et valentiniano iii aa. conss.

On the Kalends of January at Constantinople, our lords Theodosius, in his 13th consulship, and Valentinian, in his 3rd, Augusti, consuls.

(430 dec. [?] 31).

(430 Dec. [?] 31).

CTh.11.21.0. De collatione aeris

CTh.11.21.0. On the collation of money

CTh.11.21.1pr.

Theodosian Code 11.21.1 preface.

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. modesto praefecto praetorio. aes, quod dichoneutum vocatur, non modo deinceps largitionibus inferatur, verum de usu penitus et conversatione tollatur ac nemini publice hoc habere liceat.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Modestus, praetorian prefect. The bronze which is called dichoneutum shall not henceforth be paid into the Largitiones, but rather let it be removed entirely from use and from circulation, and let it be lawful for no one to possess this publicly.

(371 apr. 7).

(April 7, 371).

CTh.11.21.1.1

Et conflatores figurati aeris, adulteratores etiam monetae capitalis animadversio persequatur. dat. vii id. april.

And let capital punishment pursue the casters of figured bronze, and also the adulterators of the coinage. Given on April 7.

constantinopoli gratiano a. ii et probo conss. (371 apr. 7).

at constantinople gratian as augustus for the 2nd time and probus, consuls. (371 apr. 7).

CTh.11.21.2

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. hilario. aeris pretia, quae a provincialibus postulantur, ita exigi volumus, ut pro viginti quinque libris aeris solidus a possessore reddatur.

the emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to hilarius. we wish the prices of bronze, which are demanded from the provincials, to be exacted in such a way that, for 25 pounds of bronze,
a solidus be rendered by the possessor.

dat. v kal. ian.

given on the 5th day before the Kalends of January

mediolano arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 dec. 28).

at milan, arcadius for the 4th time and honorius for the 3rd time, augusti, consuls. (396 dec. 28).

CTh.11.21.3

Imp. theodosius a. maximino comiti sacrarum largitionum. perpetuo sancimus generalique decreto, ne cui deinceps ex praecepto comitivae sedis vel per oraculum sacrum vel per divinas adnotationes numinis nostri in nummo vel in specie, nisi ita publica necessitas postularit, propria liceat tributa persolvere, sed ut magis aut ipsam speciem, si hoc usus exegerit, aut aurum, quod aestimatio certa constituit pro centenario aeris, huiusmodi possessor exsolvat.

Emperor Theodosius Augustus to Maximinus, Count of the Sacred Largesses. We sanction perpetually by a general decree, that henceforth it be permitted to no one, from a precept of the comitiva of the seat or through a sacred oracle or through the divine annotations of our numen, to pay his own tributes in coin or in kind, unless public necessity thus should demand;
but rather that such a possessor shall discharge either the very kind itself, if usage shall have required this, or gold, which a fixed appraisal has constituted
for a centenarium of bronze.

dat. v id. decemb. constantinopoli victore v. c. cons.

given on December 9 at Constantinople, with Victor, a most distinguished man, as consul.

(424 dec. 9).

(424 December 9).

CTh.11.22.0. Ne collationis translatio postuletur

CTh.11.22.0. Let the transfer of the levy not be demanded

CTh.ct.11.22.1

Impp. constantius et constans aa. philippo praefecto praetorio. plerique censum fundorum suorum iugorum ad alias civitates transferre curarunt.

the emperors constantius and constans, augusti, to philip, praetorian prefect. very many have taken care to transfer the census of the iuga of their estates to other cities.

uniuscuiusque itaque civitatis censum in omnibus provinciis ad proprias civitates redire censuimus. dat. v kal.

therefore we have decreed that the census of each city in all the provinces return to their proper cities. dated 5 kalends.

aug. constantio iiii et constante iii aa. conss. (346 iul.

the augusti constantius
consul for the 4th time, and constans for the 3rd, augusti, consuls (346 jul.

28).

CTh.11.22.2

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad neoterium praefectum praetorio.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, Augusti, to Neoterius, Praetorian Prefect.

habeat unaquaeque civitas consortem munerum, quem habuit in professione collegam. iugatio omnis, ubi est antiquitus adscripta, permaneat: redeat ad se alio in fraudem munerum translata iugatio. discant ordines, discant reliqui possessores mutato eo, quod non recte est impetratum, quem participem possidendi cognoverint, esse etiam in omnibus socium functionibus.

let each city have a consort in the public burdens,
whom it had as a colleague in the profession. let every iugation, where it has from ancient times been enrolled, remain: let the iugation transferred elsewhere in fraud of the burdens
return to itself. let the orders learn, let the remaining possessors learn, with that which was not rightly obtained being changed, that the one whom they have recognized as a participant in possession
is also in all things a partner in the functions.

proposita iiii non. mai. arcadio a. i et bautone conss.

published on May 4, in the consulship of Arcadius, Augustus, for the first time, and Bauto, consuls.

(385 mai. 4).

(385 May 4).

CTh.11.22.3

Theodosian Code 11.22.3

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. ad eusignium praefectum praetorio.

The Emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, Augusti, to eusignius, Praetorian Prefect.

transferat, qui orando meruerit ex iudicio tuae magnitudinis, in annonariis dumtaxat commeatibus ex alio loco ad urbem aliam professionem publicae functionis. qui diversis in urbibus non sufficiet respondere exactorum numero crebriori, ad unum, ubi magis possidet, iugationis reliquum modum sine publico detrimento exactorem transmittat. dat.

Let him transfer, whoever by petitioning shall have merited by the judgment of your Magnitude, in annona convoys only, from one place to another city the profession of public function.
Whoever in different cities will not suffice to respond to the more frequent number of exactors, let him transmit to one exactor, where he possesses more, the remaining measure of the iugation, without public detriment.
Given.

xviii kal. mai. valentiniano a. iii et eutropio conss.

18 days before the Kalends of May, in the consulship of Valentinian Augustus for the 3rd time and Eutropius, consuls.

(387 apr. 14).

(387 April 14).

CTh.11.22.4

Theodosian Code 11.22.4

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. ad anthemium praefectum praetorio. nonnullos possessores exactionis consuetae more dissimulato eo temeritatis procedere cognovimus, ut quidam auctoritate rescriptionis elicita instantiam compulsorum eludant sub eo obtentu, quod sponte pronius inferant expetenda.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. We have learned that some proprietors, with the customary manner of exaction dissembled, proceed to such rashness,
that certain men, having elicited the authority of a rescript, evade the insistence of the enforcers under the pretext
that they will more readily of their own accord pay in the dues being sought.

qua usurpatione patefacta promulgamus, ut huiusmodi impetrationis novitate supplosa, quae vulgo autopractorium vocatur, universa pensitationis profligandae quae fuit reviviscat sollemnitas et curiales vel apparitio provincialis huius muneris vota procurent, exceptis his, quos eminentissimae tuae sedis specialiter consideratio digessit. dat. xiiii kal.

with this usurpation laid open we promulgate that, with the novelty of such an obtaining—commonly called the autopractorium—pushed aside,
the whole solemnity of bringing the payment to completion which once existed shall revive, and that the curiales or the provincial apparitorial staff shall attend to the requisitions of this munus,
excepting those whom the most eminent consideration of your seat has specially set apart. Given, on the 14th day before the Kalends.

iun. honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss. (409 mai.

June.
when Honorius for the 8th and Theodosius for the 3rd, the Augusti, were consuls. (409 May.

19).

CTh.11.22.5

Idem a. herculio praefecto praetorio illyrici. quod olim meminimus constitutum, hac generali denuo legis praeceptione sancimus, ne cuiquam liceat praestationes possessionum ad aliud territorium ex alio transferre, sed omnibus modis in eo loci tributaria agnoscatur illatio, quem fides censuum retinet et necessitas publicae adscriptionis adstringit. quod si ulterius ab officio praefecturae praesentia vel priora statuta fuerint temerata, centum librarum auri multa ferietur, sed et singuli, qui nequaquam prohibitis temperabunt, viginti librarum auri dispendia sustinebunt.

The same Augustus, to Herculio, Praetorian Prefect of Illyricum. What we remember to have been established formerly, by this general precept of law we sanction anew, that it be not permitted to anyone to transfer the dues of estates from one territory to another, but in every way the tributary payment shall be recognized in that place which the record of the censuses holds and the necessity of public enrollment binds. And if henceforth either the presence of the prefectural office or the prior statutes shall have been rashly violated, a fine of 100 pounds of gold shall be inflicted; and each individual who will by no means keep within the prohibitions shall bear a loss of 20 pounds of gold.

dat. viii kal. iul.

Dated on the 8th day before the Kalends of July.

constantinopoli varana v. c. cons. (410 mai. 25 vel iun.

at constantinople, in the consulship of varana, a most distinguished man. (410 may. 25 or june

24).

CTh.11.23.0. De protostasia

CTh.11.23.0. On protostasia

CTh.11.23.1

Imp. constantius a. ad senatum. protostasiae munus hactenus senatores imposita necessitate sustentent, ut isdem senatorum census implendae necessitatis contemplatione socientur nec cuiusquam alterius iuga aut capita senatorum censibus adgregentur, cum protostasiae munus ita debeant sustinere, ut ad eum numerum, quem ipsi censuali sorte sustentant, senatorum tantum censibus nexis eandem necessitatem debeant explicare.

The Emperor Constantius Augustus to the Senate. Let the senators sustain the duty of protostasia, with the imposed necessity, to this extent: that the same census-assessments of the senators be associated in contemplation of the necessity to be fulfilled, and that the yokes or heads of no one else be aggregated to the senators’ census-assessments; since they ought thus to bear the duty of protostasia, that to the number which they themselves sustain by censual lot, with only the census-assessments of senators bound, they ought to discharge the same necessity.

dat. v non. mai.

Given on May 3.

tauro et florentio conss. (361 mai. 3).

under taurus and florentius, consuls. (361 may 3).

CTh.11.23.2

Theodosian Code 11.23.2

Imp. iulianus a. sallustio praefecto praetorio. prototypias et exactiones in capitatione plebeia curialium munera et quidem inferiora esse minime dubitatur, atque ideo a senatoriis easdem domibus submoveri oportet.

The Emperor Julian Augustus to Sallustius, Praetorian Prefect. It is by no means doubted that the prototypiae and exactions in the plebeian capitation are curial munera, and indeed the inferior ones; and therefore they ought to be removed from senatorial houses.

et cetera. dat. iii id. mart.

and the rest. dated the 3rd day before the ides of march.

constantinopoli mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 mart. 13).

At Constantinople, when Mamertinus and Nevitta were consuls.
(March 13, 362).

CTh.11.23.3

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. praesidi frygiae pacatianae. cessantibus his, quae quibusdam cuniculis et subreptionibus impetrata noscuntur, et salvis privilegiis dignitatum, gravitas tua universos faciat protostasiae subcumbere functioni, ut et officia publica maturius peragantur et privatorum merita ex hac distributione providentissime conserventur.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to the praeses of Phrygia Pacatiana. With those things ceasing which are known to have been obtained by certain burrowings and subreptions, and with the privileges of dignities preserved, let your gravitas cause all to submit to the function of the protostasia, so that both public duties may be carried out more promptly and the merits of private persons may be most providently preserved from this distribution.

dat. prid. kal.

dated, the day before the Kalends.

iul. constantinopoli arcadio a. iiii et honorio a. iii conss. (396 iun.

Jul. at Constantinople, Arcadius Augustus for the 4th time and
Honorius Augustus for the 3rd time, consuls. (396 Jun.

30).

CTh.11.23.4

Theodosian Code 11.23.4

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. euthymio vicario asiae. qui ex primipilaribus sunt, protostasiae necessitatibus oboedire cogantur nec aliqua se obreptione subtrahere.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Euthymius, Vicarius of Asia. Those who are of the primipilares are to be compelled to obey the necessities of the protostasia, nor to withdraw themselves by any surreptitious evasion.

dat. xii kal. ian.

Given on the 12th day before the Kalends of January.

arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 dec. 21).

arcadius 4 and honorius 3, augusti, consuls. (396 dec. 21).

CTh.11.24.0. De patrociniis vicorum

CTh.11.24.0. On the patronages of the vici

CTh.11.24.1

Imp. constantius a. et iulianus caes. helpidio.

the emperors constantius augustus and julian caesar, to helpidius.

colonorum multitudinem indicasti per aegyptum constitutorum ad eorum sese, qui variis honoribus fulciuntur, ducum etiam patrocinia contulisse. universos itaque, quos tantum sibi claruerit temeritatis adsumere, ut praebeant latebram et defensione repromissa aditum implendae devotionis obclaudant, iubemus urgeri, ut debita, quaecumque vicani, quorum consortio recesserunt, e propriis facultatibus fisci docebuntur commodis intulisse, idem cogantur expendere. eos quoque, quos in defensionem suam videntur suscepisse, ab eorum patrocinio facias separari.

you have indicated that a multitude of coloni established throughout egypt have betaken themselves to the patronages of those who are upheld by various
honors, even to the patronages of dukes. therefore we order that all who have presumed so far in rashness as to provide
a hiding place and, with a defense promised, to shut off the approach for the fulfillment of their duty, be pressed, so that the debts—whatever the villagers, from whose
fellowship they have withdrawn, will be shown to have brought into the advantages of the fisc from their own resources—the same they be compelled to pay. those also whom they seem to have taken
into their defense you shall cause to be separated from their patronage.

dat. prid. non.

dated the day before the Nones.

feb. constantinopoli constantio a. x et iuliano caes. iii conss.

feb., at constantinople, constantius augustus (10) and julian
caesar (3) consuls.

(360 febr. 4).

(360 Feb. 4).

CTh.11.24.2

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad auxonium praefectum praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, valens and gratian, the augusti, to auxonius, praetorian prefect.

abstineant patrociniis agricolae subiugandi supplicio, si talia sibimet adiumenta commentis audacibus conquisierint. ii vero, qui propria patrocinia largiuntur, per singulos fundos, quotiens repperti fuerint, viginti et quinque auri libras dare debeant et non quantum patroni suscipere consuerant, sed dimidium eius fiscus adsumat. dat.

let them refrain from patronages for subjugating farmers, on pain of punishment, if they have sought out such aids for themselves with audacious contrivances. those, however, who dispense their own patronages, for each several estate, whenever they are found, must give twenty-five pounds of gold; and let the fisc take not as much as patrons were accustomed to receive, but the half of it. given.

prid. id. novemb. marcianopoli valentiniano et valente iii aa. conss.

the day before the Ides of November, at Marcianopolis, when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls for the 3rd time.

(370 [368?] nov. 12).

(370 [368?] Nov. 12).

CTh.11.24.3

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. heracliano comiti aegypti. quicumque ex officio tuo vel ex quocumque hominum ordine vicos in suum detecti fuerint patrocinium suscepisse, constitutas luent poenas.

the emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to heraclianus, count of egypt. whoever from your office or from whatever order of men shall have been discovered to have taken villages into their own
patronage shall pay the penalties established.

possessores autem competenter coherciti etiam inviti statutis imperialibus oboedire et muneribus publicis satisfacere cogantur. quoscumque autem vicos aut defensionis potentia aut multitudine sua fretos publicis muneribus constiterit obviare, ultioni, quam ratio ipsa dictabit, conveniet subiugari. dat.

Moreover, the possessors, duly coerced, shall be compelled, even unwilling, to obey the imperial statutes and to satisfy the public duties. And whatever villages, relying either on the power of defense or on their own multitude, shall have been found to obviate the public duties, it will be fitting that they be subjected to the retribution which reason itself will dictate. Given.

prid. kal. octob.

the day before the kalends of october.

olybrio et probino conss. (395 sept. 30).

In the consulship of Olybrius and
Probinus. (395 Sept. 30).

CTh.11.24.4

Idem aa. eutychiano praefecto praetorio. censemus, ut, qui rusticis patrocinia praebere temptaverit, cuiuslibet ille fuerit dignitatis, sive magistri utriusque militiae sive comitis sive ex proconsulibus vel vicariis vel augustalibus vel tribunis sive ex ordine curiali vel cuiuslibet alterius dignitatis, quadraginta librarum auri se sciat dispendium pro singulorum fundorum praebito patrocinio subiturum, nisi ab hac postea temeritate discesserit. omnes ergo sciant non modo eos memorata multa feriendos, qui clientelam susceperint rusticorum, sed eos quoque, qui fraudandorum tributorum causa ad patrocinia solita fraude confugerint, duplum definitae multae dispendium subituros.

The same Augusti to Eutychianus, Praetorian Prefect. We decree that whoever shall have attempted to provide patronages to rustics, whatever his rank may have been, whether
master of both militias, or count, or from among proconsuls or vicars or Augustals or tribunes, or from the curial order, or of any
other dignity, let him know that he will undergo a penalty of forty pounds of gold for the patronage provided for each individual estate, unless from this
rashness he shall afterwards have withdrawn. Let all therefore know that not only those who shall have undertaken the clientela of peasants are to be struck by the aforesaid fine, but also those
who, for the purpose of defrauding the tributes, shall have fled for refuge to patronages by the usual fraud, will undergo the penalty of double the fixed fine.

dat. vi id. mart. constantinopoli theodoro v. c. cons.

Given on the 6th day before the Ides of March, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Theodorus, a most distinguished man.

(399 mart. 10).

(399 mar. 10).

CTh.11.24.5

Idem aa. eutychiano praefecto praetorio. excellentia tua his legibus, quae de prohibendis patrociniis aliorum principum nomine promulgatae sunt, severiorem poenam nos addidisse cognoscat, scilicet ut, si quis agricolis vel vicanis propria possidentibus patrocinium reppertus fuerit ministrare, propriis facultatibus exuatur, his quoque agricolis terrarum suarum dispendio feriendis, qui ad patrocinia quaesita confugerint. dat.

The same emperors to Eutychianus, praetorian prefect. Let Your Excellency know that to those laws, which were promulgated in the name of other princes for prohibiting patronages, we have added a severer penalty, namely that, if anyone shall be found to minister patronage to farmers or villagers possessing their own property, he shall be stripped of his own faculties; and those farmers also are to be struck with a loss of their lands, who shall have taken refuge to the sought-out patronages. Given.

viii kal. iun. constantinopoli theodoro v. c. cons.

25 May at Constantinople, under Theodorus, a most distinguished man, consul.

(399 mai. 25).

(399 May 25).

CTh.11.24.6pr.

Theodosian Code 11.24.6, preface.

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. aureliano praefecto praetorio. valerii, theodori et tharsacii examinatio conticiscat, illis dumtaxat sub augustaliano iudicio pulsandis, qui ex caesarii et attici consulatu possessiones sub patrocinio possidere coeperunt.

the emperors honorius and theodosius, augusti, to aurelianus, praetorian prefect. let the examination of valerii, theodori, and tharsacii be hushed, with only those to be prosecuted under the augustalian court,
who began to possess possessions under patronage from the consulship of caesarius and atticus.

quos tamen omnes functionibus publicis obsecundare censemus, ut patronorum nomen extinctum penitus iudicetur. possessiones autem athuc in suo statu constitutae penes priores possessores residebunt, si pro antiquitate census functiones publicas et liturgos, quos homologi coloni praestare noscuntur, pro rata sunt absque dubio cognituri. (415 dec.

whom, however, we deem all to comply with public functions, so that the name of patrons be judged utterly extinguished.
the possessions, moreover, still constituted in their own status will remain in the hands of the prior possessors, if, according to the antiquity of the census, they are without doubt going to reckon, pro rata, the public functions and liturgies which the homologous coloni are known to provide.
(December 415.

3).

CTh.11.24.6.1

Codex Theodosianus 11.24.6.1

Metrocomiae vero in publico iure et integro perdurabunt, nec quisquam eas vel aliquid in his possidere temptaverit, nisi qui ante consulatum praefinitum coeperit procul dubio possidere, exceptis convicanis, quibus pensitanda pro fortunae condicione negare non possunt. (415 dec. 3).

But the Metrocomiae shall indeed endure under public right and intact, nor shall anyone attempt to possess them or anything in them, unless one who before
the pre-defined consulship has without doubt begun to possess, with the co-villagers (convicani) excepted, to whom they cannot refuse the payments to be rendered according to the condition of fortune.
(415 Dec. 3).

CTh.11.24.6.2

Et quicumque in ipsis vicis terrulas contra morem fertiles possederunt, pro rata possessionis suae glebam inutilem et collationem eius et munera recusent. (415 dec. 3).

And whoever in those same hamlets have possessed little plots fertile contrary to custom, pro rata of their own possession let them refuse the useless glebe and its assessment and
munera. (415 Dec. 3).

CTh.11.24.6.3

Ii sane, qui vicis quibus adscripti sunt derelictis, et qui homologi more gentilicio nuncupantur, ad alios seu vicos seu dominos transierunt, ad sedem desolati ruris constrictis detentatoribus redire cogantur, qui si exsequenda protraxerint, ad functiones eorum teneantur obnoxii et dominis restituant, quae pro his exsoluta constiterit. (415 dec. 3).

Those indeed who, having abandoned the villages to which they have been ascribed, and who by gentile custom are denominated “homologi,” have passed over to other villages or to other masters, are to be forced to return to the seat of the desolated countryside, the detentators being constrained; who, if they shall have protracted the things to be executed, are to be held liable for their functions (public burdens) and must restore to the masters what shall be established to have been paid on their behalf. (415 Dec. 3).

CTh.11.24.6.4

Et in earum metrocomiarum locum, quas temporis lapsus vel destituit vel viribus vacuavit, ex florentibus aliae subrogentur. (415 dec. 3).

And in the place of those metrocomiae, which the lapse of time has either left destitute or vacated of their strength, let others from the flourishing ones be subrogated. (415 dec. 3).

CTh.11.24.6.5

Arurae quoque et possessiones, quas curiales quolibet pacto publicatis aput acta provincialia desideriis suis vel reliquerunt vel possidere alios permiserunt, penes eos, qui eas excoluerunt et functiones publicas recognoscunt, firmiter perdurabunt, nullam habentibus curialibus copiam repetendi. (415 dec. 3).

Arable acres also and possessions, which the curials, by whatever pact, with their desires published in the provincial acts, have either relinquished or permitted others to possess, shall firmly remain with those who have cultivated them and recognize the public functions, the curials having no opportunity of reclaiming. (415 Dec. 3).

CTh.11.24.6.6

Quidquid autem in tempus usque dispositionis habitae a viro illustri decessore sublimitatis tuae ecclesiae venerabiles, id est constantinopolitana atque alexandrina possedisse deteguntur, id pro intuitu religionis ab his praecipimus firmiter retineri, sub ea videlicet sorte, ut in futurum functiones omnes, quas metrocomiae debent et publici vici pro antiquae capitationis professione debent, sciant procul dubio subeundas. (415 dec. 3).

Whatever, moreover, up to the time of the arrangement made by the illustrious man, the predecessor of Your Sublimity, the venerable churches, that is,
the Constantinopolitan and the Alexandrian, are discovered to have possessed, that we order to be firmly retained by them for the regard of religion, under this, namely,
condition: that in the future they know without any doubt that all the functions, which the metrocomiae owe and the public vici owe on account of the profession of the ancient capitation, must be undergone. (415 Dec. 3).

CTh.11.24.6.7

Nequaquam cefalaeotis, irenarchis, logografis chomatum et ceteris liturgis sub quolibet patrocinii nomine publicis functionibus denegatis, nisi quid ex his quae exigenda sunt vel neglegentia vel contemptus distulerit. (415 dec. 3).

By no means are the kephalaiotes, the irenarchs, the logographers of the chomas, and the other liturgists to be denied (i.e., excused from) public functions under any name of patronage, unless any of the things that must be exacted has been deferred either through negligence or through contempt. (415 dec. 3).

CTh.11.24.6.8

Metrocomias possidere nostro beneficio meruerunt, et publicos vicos committere compellantur. dat. iii non.

They have merited to possess the metrocomiae by our benefice, and are compelled to undertake the public vici. given on the 3rd before the Nones.

decemb. honorio x et theodosio vi aa. conss. (415 dec.

December,
when Honorius for the 10th time and Theodosius for the 6th time, the Augusti, were consuls (415, Dec.

3).

CTh.11.25.0. De quadrimenstruis brevibus

CTh.11.25.0. On quadrimestral briefs

CTh.11.25.1

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio.

the emperors theodosius, arcadius, and honorius, augusti, to rufinus, praetorian prefect.

quotienscumque quadrimenstrui breves ab apparitoribus ducianis ad sedem vestrae celsitudinis destinantur, parilis notitia provinciali quoque tradatur officio, ut, priusquam ad iudicium vestrum examinanda mittantur, ibidem sub utrorumque praesentia conferantur, ut, qui perperam vel petita vel erogata notaverit, confutetur, ne discordante brevium modo in eorum damnum expensa revocetur, qui susceptionibus vel nominationibus obligati quae militum nomine petuntur exsolvant, nec imputari sibi quod exsolverint congemiscunt. dat. xii kal.

Whenever quadrimenstral briefs are sent by Ducian apparitors to the seat of Your Highness, equal notice shall also be delivered to the provincial office, so that, before they are sent to your judgment for examination, there in the presence of both they may be compared, in order that whoever has wrongly noted either the requisitions or the disbursements may be refuted, lest, the manner of the briefs being discordant, expense be called back to the harm of those who, bound by undertakings or nominations, pay what is demanded in the name of the soldiers, and not groan that what they have paid is imputed to themselves. Given on the 12th day before the Kalends.

iun. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 mai.

June. At Constantinople: Theodosius Augustus 3 and Abundantius,
consuls. (393 May.

21).

CTh.11.26.0. De discussoribus

CTh.11.26.0. On the discussors

CTh.11.26.1

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad artemium vicarium hispaniarum.

the emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, augusti, to artemius, vicar of the spains.

quotiens in disceptatione constiterit inique discussionem fuisse confectam et fidem facti non poterit adprobare discussor, ipse in eodem titulo et in eodem modo ad solvendum protinus urgeatur, in quo alterum perperam fecerit debitorem. dat. prid.

whenever in the disceptation it has been established that the discussion was unjustly concluded, and the examiner cannot approve the credibility of the act, let him himself be immediately compelled to pay under the same title and in the same manner in which he wrongly made the other a debtor. given on the day before.

id. mai. valentiniano nb. p. et victore conss. (369 mai.

on the Ides of May, in the consulship of Valentinian, the most noble boy, and Victor. (369 May.

14).

CTh.11.26.2 [=brev.11.7.1]

Impp. arcad. et honor.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. messalae pf. p. maximas praedas hoc pacto agi de provincialibus certum est, ut acceptae semel securitates et regestae polypticis a discussoribus vel apparitoribus denuo postulentur, non quod utilitas publica flagitat, sed ut, si casu est amissa securitas, maior praeda nascatur. decernimus itaque, ut, quando insertae securitates ratiociniis publicis continentur, rursus per iniuriam non petantur. dat.

the emperors to messala, praetorian prefect. very great booty is in this way taken from provincials, it is certain, namely that receipts once accepted and entered in the polyptychs by the assessors or the apparitors are demanded anew, not because public utility requires it, but so that, if by chance the receipt has been lost, a greater booty may arise. we therefore decree that, since the inserted receipts are contained in the public accounts, they are not again demanded through injury. given.

v. kal. dec. mediolano, stilicone et aureliano coss.

on the 5th day before the Kalends of December, at Milan, with Stilicho and Aurelian as consuls.

interpretatio. lex ista hoc iubet, in hoc maximam praedam exactores de provincialibus exercere, ut post emissas securitates iterum polypticos et securitates incipiant postulare, quod ab his non pro publica utilitate fieri, sed ut, si securitates inventae non fuerint, maior eis praeda nascatur. ideoque statuit, ut, si securitates ratiociniis publicis vel in polypticis exactorum continentur, iterum pro cupiditatis nequitia non petantur

interpretation. this law orders this: in this the exactors work the greatest plunder upon the provincials, that after securities have been issued, again
they begin to demand the polyptychs and the securities, which is not done by them for public utility, but so that, if the securities should not be found, greater
prey may arise to them. and so it decrees that, if the securities are contained in the public reckonings or in the polyptychs of the exactors, they are not to be
sought again for the iniquity of cupidity

CTh.11.27.0. De alimentis, quae inopes parentes de publico petere debent

CTh.11.27.0. On the aliments which indigent parents ought to seek from the public treasury

CTh.11.27.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad ablavium. aereis tabulis vel cerussatis aut linteis mappis scripta per omnes civitates italiae proponatur lex, quae parentum manus a parricidio arceat votumque vertat in melius.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Ablavius. Let the law, written on bronze tablets or on white‑leaded tablets or on linen cloths, be posted through all the cities of Italy, which may restrain the hands of parents from parricide and turn the vow to a better course.

officiumque tuum haec cura perstringat, ut, si quis parens adferat subolem, quam pro paupertate educare non possit, nec in alimentis nec in veste impertienda tardetur, cum educatio nascentis infantiae moras ferre non possit. ad quam rem et fiscum nostrum et rem privatam indiscreta iussimuas praebere obsequia. dat.

and let this concern strike your office, that, if any parent should bring offspring whom, on account of poverty, he cannot rear, he be not delayed in bestowing either food or clothing, since the upbringing of nascent infancy cannot bear delays. For which matter we have ordered both our fisc and our private estate, without distinction, to render their services. Given.

iii id. mai. naisso constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii aa. conss. (315 mai.

may 13, at naissus
under the consulship of constantine augustus for the 4th time and licinius for the 4th time, the augusti, consuls. (315 may.

13).

CTh.11.27.2

Theodosian Code 11.27.2

Idem a. menandro. provinciales egestate victus atque alimoniae inopia laborantes liberos suos vendere vel obpignorare cognovimus. quisquis igitur huiusmodi repperietur, qui nulla rei familiaris substantia fultus est quique liberos suos aegre ac difficile sustentet, per fiscum nostrum, antequam fiat calamitati obnoxius, adiuvetur, ita ut proconsules praesidesque et rationales per universam africam habeant potestatem et universis, quos adverterint in egestate miserabili constitutos, stipem necessariam largiantur atque ex horreis substantiam protinus tribuant competentem.

The same Augustus, to Menander. We have learned that provincials, laboring under poverty of victuals and want of nourishment, sell or pawn their children. Therefore whoever of this sort shall be found, who is supported by no substance of family property and who sustains his children with difficulty and distress, let him be aided through
our fisc, before he becomes liable to calamity, in such a way that proconsuls, presidents, and rationales throughout all Africa
have the power, and to all whom they shall have observed to be placed in pitiable indigence, let them bestow the necessary stipend and from the granaries
immediately grant fitting provisions.

abhorret enim nostris moribus, ut quemquam fame confici vel ad indignum facinus prorumpere concedamus. dat. prid.

for it is abhorrent to our customs to allow anyone to be consumed by hunger or to burst forth into an unworthy crime. dat. the day before.

non. iul. romae probiano et iuliano conss.

the nones of july, at rome, in the consulship of probianus and julianus.

(322 iul. 6).

(322 July 6).

CTh.11.28.0. De indulgentiis debitorum

CTh.11.28.0. On remissions of debts

CTh.11.28.1

Imp. iulianus a. ad avitianum vicarium africae. excepto auro et argento cuncta reliqua indulgemus.

The emperor Julian Augustus to Avitianus, vicarius of Africa. Except for gold and silver, we remit all the rest.

dat. vii kal. nov.

Given on the 7th day before the Kalends of November.

antiochiae, acc. xv kal. april.

at antioch, received on the 15th day before the kalends of april.

karthagine iuliano a. iiii et sallustio conss. (363

at carthage, in the consulship of julian, augustus, 4, and sallustius. (363

[362] oct. 26).

CTh.11.28.2

Theodosian Code 11.28.2

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. dextro praefecto praetorio. quingenta viginti octo milia quadraginta duo iugera, quae campania provincia iuxta inspectorum relationem et veterum monumenta chartarum in desertis et squalidis locis habere dinoscitur, isdem provincialibus concessimus et chartas superfluae discriptionis cremari censemus.

the emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to dextro, praetorian prefect. five hundred twenty‑eight thousand forty‑two iugera, which the province of campania is ascertained to have in deserted and squalid places, according to the report of the inspectors and the ancient records of the charters, we have granted to the same provincials, and we decree that the papers of superfluous assessment be burned.

dat. viiii kal. april.

given on the 9th day before the Kalends of April.

mediolano olybrio et probino conss. (395 mart. 24).

at milan olybrius and probinus consuls. (395 march 24).

CTh.11.28.3

Theodosian Code 11.28.3

Idem aa. andromacho praefecto urbi. omnium titulorum, sive qui ad illustres viros praefectos praetorio sive qui ad largitiones nostras pertinent, usque in consulatum primum clementiae nostrae, id est usque indictionem quintam decimam, quae proxima fuerit, reliqua universa concedimus. atque ut ipsa memoria reliquorum intercidat, chartas omnes, sive quas tabularii civitatum sive officia iudicum sive officium palatinum sive discussores habent, quibus tamen eius temporis et debitorum nomina et debita continentur, undique in medium congregatas palam flammis iubemus aboleri.

the same emperors to andromachus, prefect of the city. of all titles, whether those which pertain to the illustrious men, the praetorian prefects, or those which pertain to our largesses,
up to the first consulship of our clemency, that is up to the fifteenth indiction, which shall have been the most recent, we grant remission of all arrears. and so that the very memory of the arrears may perish, all documents, whether those which the tabularies of the municipalities, or the offices of the judges, or the palatine office, or the discussores possess, in which, however, of that time both the names of debtors and the debts are contained, gathered from everywhere into the open,
we order to be publicly abolished by flames.

post consulatum vero mansuetudinis nostrae, id est a prima indictione in consulatum olybrii et probini, omnium reliquorum exactionem suspendi oportere censemus, donec admoniti ordinarii iudices nominatorios breves absque ulla conscriptos fraude transmittant, quibus aperte liqueat, quae penes minuscularios, quae penes curiales debita, quae etiam in defectis domibus habeantur, his enim praecipue consulendum est, qui iusto remedio indigent. noverint igitur officia ad se omne dispendium rediturum, si occultatis idoneis in eorum locum faeneos defectosve subiecerint. ex consulatu sane olybrii et probini, id est ex nona indictione in praesentem diem adcelerari solutionem omnium conveniet debitorum.

But after the consulship of our Mildness, that is from the 1st indiction to the consulship of Olybrius and Probinus, we judge that the exaction of all arrears ought to be suspended, until, once admonished, the ordinary judges transmit nominatory briefs written without any fraud, by which it may be openly clear what debts are in the hands of the minuscularii, what in the hands of the curials, and what also are held in defective houses, for provision must chiefly be made for those who are in need of a just remedy. Let the offices therefore know that all loss will return to themselves, if, the suitable persons being concealed, they shall have substituted usurers or the deficient in their place. From the consulship, to be sure, of Olybrius and Probinus, that is from the 9th indiction, to the present day, it will be fitting that the payment of all debts be accelerated.

eos etiam, qui personalibus debitis sacro aerario tenentur adstricti, id est conductores diversorum portuum ac vectigalium, volumus esse securos. publicani etiam et telonarii, praepositi thesaurorum adque bafiorum, procuratores gynaeceariorum ac monetariorum ceterique, quos omnes in chartis suis officium palatinum sine ullo aetatis fine custodit, decernimus, ut, quaecumque per eos debita contracta sunt, submoveantur. ab heredibus etiam memoratorum exactionis atrocitas conquiescat.

we also wish those to be secure who are held bound to the sacred treasury by personal debts, that is, the contractors/lessees of various ports and imposts. publicans and toll-collectors, the superintendents of the treasuries and of the dye-works, the procurators of the gynaecea and of the mints, and the rest, all of whom the palatine office keeps on its rolls without any limit of term, we decree that whatever debts have been contracted through them be removed. from the heirs, too, of the aforesaid, let the harshness of exaction come to rest.

dat. vii kal. iul.

dated June 25.

mediolano vincentio et fravito conss. (401 iun. 25).

at Milan, Vincentius and Fravitus, consuls. (401 June 25).

CTh.11.28.4

Theodosian Code 11.28.4

Idem aa. theodoro praefecto praetorio. ab omni intra italiam iugatione, quam munere annonariae functionis absolvimus, etiam glebalem pensionem iubet serenitas nostra removeri. dat.

The same Augusti to Theodorus, praetorian prefect. From every iugatio within Italy, which we have absolved from the duty of the annona-function, our Serenity also orders the glebal pension to be removed. Given.

id. sept. mediolano basso et philippo conss. (408 sept.

ides of sept. at milan, bassus and philip, consuls. (408 sept.

13).

CTh.11.28.5

Theodosian Code 11.28.5

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. honoratis et possessoribus per africam. reliquorum ex fiscalibus titulis cuncta debita nostrae mansuetudinis indulgentia subsequatur.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to the honorati and landholders throughout Africa. Let the indulgence of our clemency attend all debts of arrears arising from fiscal titles.

et cetera. dat. vii kal.

and the rest. Given on the 7th day before the Kalends.

dec. post cons. honorii viii et theodosii iii aa. (410

dec., after the consulship of Honorius 8 and Theodosius 3, Augusti. (410

[409] nov. 25).

[409] November 25).

CTh.11.28.6

Theodosian Code 11.28.6

Idem aa. macrobio proconsuli africae. considerantes africae devotionem usque in initium fusionis quintae universa reliqua, quae tam ad arcam sublimium potestatum quam ad largitiones pertinent, relaxari praecipimus. privatae quoque rei debita similiter relaxamus chartis abolitis, quibus debita publica continentur.

the same emperors to macrobius, proconsul of africa. considering africa’s devotion up to the beginning of the fifth payment, we order that all arrears, which pertain both to the chest of the most exalted powers and to the largesses, be remitted. we likewise remit the debts of the private property, the documents annulled, in which the public debts are contained.

dat. vii kal. iul.

dated the 7th day before the Kalends of July.

ravennae varana cons. (410 iun. 25).

at Ravenna, in the consulship of Varana. (410 June 25).

CTh.11.28.7

Theodosian Code 11.28.7

Idem aa. iohanni praefecto praetorio. campaniae tusciae piceno samnio apuliae calabriae, sed et brittiis et lucaniae ex omni praestationis modo, quem antiqua sollemnitas detinebat, quattuor partes iubemus auferri, ita ut ex indictione decima quinque annorum indulgentia contributa partem solvant publicae functionis. ad reparationem sane cursus intra indulgentiae tempus quidquid fuerit postulatum, id solum conferri censuimus.

The same Augusti to John, Praetorian Prefect. From Campania, Tuscia, Picenum, Samnium, Apulia, Calabria, and likewise from the Bruttii and Lucania, from every mode of prestation which ancient solemn custom was detaining, we order four parts to be taken away, so that, from the tenth indiction, with an indulgence of five years granted, they pay a portion of the public function. For the reparation of the cursus, however, within the time of the indulgence, whatever shall have been demanded, that alone we have judged to be contributed.

dat. viii id. mai. ravennae lucio v. c. cons.

given on May 8 at Ravenna, in the consulship of Lucius, a most illustrious man.

(413 mai. 8).

(May 8, 413).

CTh.11.28.8

Theodosian Code 11.28.8

Idem aa. seleuco praefecto praetorio. naviculariis intra africam ex quarta decima indictione consulatus valentiniani aug. iii et eutropi viri clarissimi usque ad indictionem quartam consulatus nostri septies et theodosi iterum omnia reliqua indulgemus.

The same emperors to Seleucus, Praetorian Prefect. For the navicularii within Africa, from the 14th indiction, of the consulship of Valentinian Augustus, 3, and of Eutropius, a most distinguished man, up to the 4th indiction, of our consulship for the 7th time and of Theodosius for the 2nd time, we grant remission of all arrears.

dat. iii non. april.

dated on the 3rd day before the Nones of April.

ravennae constantio et constante conss. (414 apr. 3).

at Ravenna, in the consulship of Constantius and Constans (414 apr. 3).

CTh.11.28.9

Theodosian Code 11.28.9

Idem aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. per omnes provincias orientis ex indictione undecima valentiaca in quintam usque nuper transactam indictionem, annorum scilicet quadraginta, id est ex consulatu divorum valentiniani et valentis iterum augustorum usque ad consulatum invictissimi honorii patrui mei septies et meum iterum, omnium generalium titulorum sub aequa lance tam curiis quam collatori privato et patrimoniali, divinae quin etiam domui omnique iuri munifico, nec non et cellariis, praeter trium metallorum debitoribus docimeni, proconensis et troadensis, concessimus reliqua, sive species sive aes pecunia aurum argentumque debetur, ita ut nec horreis et praefectoriae arcae nec nostro aliquid ex his aerario debeatur; sequentis temporis debitis ex indictione sexta usque ad praesentem duodecimam emergentibus necessitatibus reservatis. dat.

The same Emperors to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. through all the provinces of the East, from the 11th Valentiacan indiction up to the 5th indiction lately elapsed, namely 40 years—that is, from the consulship of the deified Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, for the second time, up to the consulship of the most unconquered Honorius, my paternal uncle, for the 7th time, and mine for the 2nd—we have granted remission of the arrears of all general headings, under an even scale, both to the curiae and to the private and patrimonial tax-collector, and also to the divine household and to every muneral right, and likewise to the cellars, except for the debtors of the three mines—of Docimium, of Proconnesus, and of the Troad—whether provisions in kind or bronze money or gold and silver is owed; in such a way that nothing of these is to be owed either to the granaries and the praetorian chest or to our treasury; with the debts of the subsequent time, from the 6th indiction up to the present 12th, reserved for emerging necessities. Given.

v id. april. constantinopoli constantio et constante conss. de eadem re scriptum edictum ad populum: ad marcianum comitem sacrarum largitionum: musellio praeposito sacri cubiculi de titulis ad domum sacram pertinentibus: ad rectores provinciarum: et de metallariis edictum ad populum per provincias illyrici et ad rectores provinciarum.

5 Ides of April, at Constantinople, under Constantius and Constans, consuls. On the same matter, a written edict to the people: to Marcianus, count of the sacred largesses: to Musellius, praepositus of the sacred bedchamber, concerning the titles pertaining to the sacred house: to the rectors of the provinces: and concerning the metallarii, an edict to the people through the provinces of Illyricum and to the rectors of the provinces.

(414 apr. 9).

(414 Apr. 9).

CTh.11.28.10

Theodosian Code 11.28.10

Idem aa. aureliano praefecto praetorio. indulgentiam, quam ex undecima indictione valentiaca in quintam usque nuper transactam generaliter per omnes provincias et populos sparsimus, nonnulli visi sunt in suum compendium rapinamque convertere, ut fierent privata debita, quae fuerant publica. ideoque ut largitatem nostram non nomine, sed re ipsa provinciales experiantur, a nullo ordine obtentu anticipatae per se illationis ulterius aliquid exigantur, cum eis sufficere debeat ad medellam, quidquid et ipsi ex eadem indulgentia meruerunt, quam sacrilego animo temerare conati sunt.

The same Emperors to Aurelianus, Praetorian Prefect. The indulgence which, from the eleventh indiction of Valentinian up to the fifth lately elapsed, we have scattered generally through all provinces and peoples, some have been seen to convert to their own profit and rapine, so that there became private debts which had been public. And therefore, that the provincials may experience our largess not in name but in the thing itself, let nothing further be exacted from any order under the pretext of a payment anticipated on their own account, since it ought to suffice them for a remedy, whatever even they themselves have merited from that same indulgence, which they have attempted to profane with a sacrilegious mind.

dat. v id. iul. constantinopoli honorio x et theodosio vi aa. conss.

Dated on July 11 at Constantinople, when Honorius and Theodosius, the Augusti, were consuls for the 10th and 6th time, respectively.

(415 iul. 11).

(415 July 11).

CTh.11.28.11

Theodosian Code 11.28.11

Idem aa. monaxio praefecto praetorio. primipili reliqua, tamquam ad nuper emissam generalem indulgentiam minime pertineant, flagitari cognovimus. ideoque sancimus primipili quoque reliqua eiusdem temporis relaxari nec quemquam debere pro eo tempore, quod indulgentia definivit, primipili vel cuiuslibet alterius tituli gratia conveniri praeter docimeni, proconensis et troadensis metallorum debitores, quos et dudum latae indulgentiae series comprehendit.

The same emperors to Monaxius, praetorian prefect. We have learned that the arrears of the primipilus are being demanded, as though they in no way pertained to the recently issued general indulgence. And so we decree that the arrears of the primipilus also for that same time be remitted, and that no one ought, for that period which the indulgence defined, to be proceeded against on account of the primipilus or by reason of any other title, except the debtors of the mines of Docimenum, Proconnesus, and the Troad, whom also the tenor of the indulgence issued some time ago encompassed.

dat. v id. sept. heracleae theodosio a. vii et palladio conss.

given on september 9 at heraclea, in the consulship of theodosius augustus for the 7th time and of palladius.

(416 sept. 9).

(416 September 9).

CTh.11.28.12

Theodosian Code 11.28.12

Idem aa. palladio praefecto praetorio. praeter censuales functiones campania, quam et vetustatis gravior onerat adscriptio et post hostium vastavit incursio, peraequatis territoriis nonam partem tantummodo praeteriti assis publicarum toleret functionum. picenum vero et tusciam suburbicarias regiones septimam tributorum ad supputationem professionis antiquae per universos titulos iubemus agnoscere, ut reciso antiqui census onere is tantum modus, quem superius comprehendimus, chartis publicis inseratur, hac condicione, ut omnis super desertorum nomine querella in posterum conquiescat.

The same Augusti to Palladius, praetorian prefect. Apart from the censual functions, let Campania—which both a graver enrollment of antiquity burdens and afterwards the incursion of enemies has devastated—its territories equalized, bear only the ninth part of the former as-assessment of the public functions. But we order Picenum and Tuscia, the Suburbicarian regions, to acknowledge the seventh of the tributes, to the supputation of the ancient profession across all titles; so that, the burden of the ancient census having been cut back, only that measure which we have comprehended above is inserted in the public charts, on this condition: that every complaint concerning the designation of “deserts” shall henceforth fall quiet.

dat. xvii kal. dec.

dated on the 17th day before the Kalends of December (November 15).

ravennae honorio xii et theodosio viii aa. conss. (418 nov. 15).

at Ravenna, in the consulship of the emperors Honorius (12) and Theodosius (8). (418 nov. 15).

CTh.11.28.13

Theodosian Code 11.28.13

Idem aa. venantio comiti rerum privatarum. breves, quos spectabiles ac probatissimi nobis viri ac palatinorum sacrarum vel ad praetoriana scrinia detulerunt, et professionis modum eum, qui brevibus sedit, scribi volumus, eum vero qui recisus est de chartis publicis iubemus auferri. unde secundum fidem polyptychorum per provinciam proconsularem novem milia duas centurias iugera centum quadraginta unum in solvendo et quinque milia septingentas centurias iugera centum quadraginta quattuor semis in removendis, per provinciam vero byzacenam in praestanda functione septem milia quadringentas sexaginta centurias iugera centum octoginta, septem milia sescentas quindecim vero centurias iugera tria semis in auferenda constat adscripta, ut circa eos, quibus collocata ac relevata sunt praedia, ad securitatem perpetuae proprietatis intermina possint aetate servari.

The same Augusti, to Venantius, Count of the Private Property. The breves, which men of spectabile rank and most approved to us, and of the palatine scrinia of the Sacred or to the praetorian scrinia, have brought, and the form of the profession, that which was set in the breves, we wish to be written; but that which has been cut out from the public records we order to be removed.
whence, according to the authority of the polyptychs, through the Proconsular province, 9,000, 2 hundreds of iugera, and 141 iugera are in those paying, and 5,000, 700 hundreds of iugera, and 144 and a half iugera are in those being removed,
but through the province of Byzacena, for rendering the function, 7,000, 460 hundreds of iugera, and 180 iugera, and for taking away, 7,000, 615 hundreds of iugera, and 3 and a half iugera, it is established as entered, so that, with respect to those for whom the estates have been placed and lightened, they may be able, for the security of perpetual proprietorship, to be preserved without limit of time.

de his vero, quae edictis pendentibus nondum sunt certis adsignata personis, rectores provinciarum decernimus providere, ut manentibus remediis, quae fides supra dicta adtribuit, idoneis collocentur. dat. x kal.

But as to those things which, with the edicts pending, have not yet been assigned to definite persons,
we decree that the rectors of the provinces provide, so that, with the remedies remaining in force which the above-said attestation has attributed, they be placed with suitable persons.
Given on the 10th day before the Kalends.

mart. ravennae honorio xiii et theodosio x aa. conss. (422 febr.

mar. at Ravenna, when Honorius for the 13th time and Theodosius for the 10th, Augusti, were consuls. (422 Febr.

20).

CTh.11.28.14

Theodosian Code 11.28.14

Idem aa. rufino comiti sacrarum largitionum. quod de annonariis functionibus per urbicarias regiones clementia nostra concessit, etiam in largitionalibus titulis et emphyteuticis rei publicae praediis custodiri mandamus. amotis igitur reliquis etiam circa largitionales titulos debita ex praesenti indictione constituet chartis abolitis debitorum.

The same Augusti to Rufinus, count of the sacred largesses. What our clemency has granted concerning the annonary functions throughout the urbicarian regions, we order to be observed also in the largitional titles and in the emphyteutic estates of the commonwealth. Therefore, the rest having been removed, he shall also, with respect to the largitional titles, establish the debts according to the present indiction, the debtors’ charters annulled.

capitali sane supplicio percelletur, quisquis provincialem supra constitutum hac auctoritate modum debitae functionis adstrinxerit. regesta vi id. feb. ravennae asclepiodoto et mariniano conss.

He shall indeed be visited with capital punishment, whoever shall have constrained a provincial beyond the limit of the due assessment established by this authority.
Registered on February 8 at Ravenna, in the consulship of Asclepiodotus and Marinianus.

(423 febr. 8).

(423
Feb. 8).

CTh.11.28.15

Theodosian Code 11.28.15

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. tauro praefecto praetorio et patricio. quicumque ex imposita descriptione donatis relevatisque per sacram liberalitatem obnoxium se esse ex parte vel ex integro cognoscit, nostri numinis beneficio liberetur.

the emperors theodosius and valentinian, augusti, to taurus, praetorian prefect and patrician. whoever, from the imposed assessment, grants having been bestowed and remissions made through sacred liberality,
recognizes himself to be liable in part or in whole, let him be freed by the beneficence of our numen.

et cetera. dat. xii kal.

and the rest. dated on the 12th day before the kalends.

iul. constantinopoli ariovindo et aspare conss. (434 iun.

jul. at constantinople ariovindus and aspar, consuls. (434 jun.

20).

CTh.11.28.16

Theodosian Code 11.28.16

Idem aa. tauro praefecto praetorio. a sexta indictione, ad quam superior indulgentia usque processit, ad undecimam nuper transactam sub aequa dimensione tam curiis quam possessori privato ac patrimoniali, divinae quin etiam domui, ex omni iure munifico nec non et in speciebus cellariensibus reliqua indulgemus, ita ut, quae in istis viginti annis a sexta, qua dictum est, indictione undecimam usque per omnes titulos sive in speciebus sive pecunia auro argentoque, debentur nomine reliquorum, omnibus concedantur. nihil de his viginti annis speret publicorum cumulus horreorum, nihil arca amplissimae praefecturae, nihil utrumque nostrum aerarium.

The same Augusti to Taurus, praetorian prefect. From the 6th indiction, up to which the earlier indulgence had extended, to the 11th recently completed, under an equal apportionment both to the curiae and to the private and patrimonial possessor, and indeed to the divine house, by every munificent right in law, and likewise in cellar-provisions, we grant remission of arrears, so that whatever in these twenty years from the 6th indiction, as has been said, up to the 11th, under all titles, whether in kind or in money, in gold and silver, are owed under the name of arrears, be conceded to all. Let the heap of the public granaries hope for nothing from these twenty years, let the chest of the most ample prefecture hope for nothing, let neither of our treasuries hope for anything.

dat. x kal. mai.

given on April 22.

theodosio a. xiiii et maximo v. c. conss. (433 apr. 22).

when theodosius augustus for the 14th time and maximus, a most distinguished man, were consuls. (433 apr. 22).

CTh.11.28.17

Codex Theodosianus 11.28.17

Idem aa. isidoro praefecto praetorio. debita susceptoribus ante decimam indictionem congregata, quae sedes excelsa pretiis humanioribus adaeravit, ex parte dimidia condonamus, arcae cetera inferri praecipimus. dat.

The same emperors to Isidore, praetorian prefect. The debts gathered by the tax receivers before the tenth indiction, which the exalted seat commuted into cash at more humane prices, we remit by one half; we order that the rest be paid into the treasury. Given.

prid. id. iul. constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss.

the day before the Ides of July at Constantinople, in the consulship of Isidore and Senator.

(436 iul. 14).

(436 July 14).

CTh.11.29.0. De relationibus

CTh.11.29.0. On reports

CTh.11.29.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad claudium plotianum correctorem lucaniae et brittiorum. post alia: super paucis, quae iuridica sententia decidi non possunt, nostram debes consulere maiestatem, ne occupationes nostras interrumpas, cum litigatoribus legitimum remaneat arbitrium a sententia provocandi.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Claudius Plotianus, Corrector of Lucania and of the Bruttii. After other matters: concerning the few things which cannot be decided by juridical sentence, you ought to consult Our Majesty, so that you do not interrupt our occupations, since for litigants there remains the legitimate option of appealing from the sentence.

dat. vi kal. ian.

dated on the 6th day before the Kalends of January (December 27).

treviris, acc. viii id. feb. regio constantino a. iii et licinio iii conss.

at trier, received on the 8th day before the ides of february, at the imperial residence, in the consulship of constantine augustus 3 and licinius 3, consuls.

(312

[313] dec. 27).

CTh.11.29.2

Theodosian Code 11.29.2

Idem a. profuturo praefecto annonae. si quis iudicum duxerit esse referendum, nihil pronuntiet, sed magis super quo haesitandum putaverit, nostram consulat scientiam aut, si tulerit sententiam, minime postea, ne a se provocetur, relatione promissa terreat litigantes. dat.

The same emperor to the future Prefect of the Annona. If any of the judges shall have deemed that a matter must be referred, let him pronounce nothing, but rather, concerning that about which he thinks there must be hesitation, let him consult our knowledge; or, if he has delivered a judgment, let him by no means thereafter, lest an appeal be taken from him, terrify the litigants by a promised referral. Given.

iiii id. feb. sirmio constantino a. v et licinio c. conss. (319 febr.

On the 4th day before the Ides of February (February 10), at Sirmium, when Constantine, Augustus, for the 5th time, and Licinius, Caesar, were consuls. (February 319)

10).

CTh.11.29.3

Theodosian Code 11.29.3

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad viventium praefectum praetorio. super delictis provincialium numquam rectores provinciarum ad scientiam principum putent esse referendum, nisi ediderint prius consultationis exemplum.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Viventius, Praetorian Prefect. Concerning the delicts of provincials, let the governors of the provinces never think that it is to be referred to
the knowledge of the emperors, unless they shall first have issued an exemplar of the consultation.

quippe tunc demum relationibus plena maturitas est, cum vel allegationibus refelluntur vel probantur adsensu. dat. iii.

For then at last the relations have full maturity,
when they are either refuted by allegations or approved by assent. Given on the 3rd.

kal. ian. treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

On the Kalends of January at Trier, when Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, were consuls.

(368? 370? dec.

(368? 370? Dec.

30).

CTh.11.29.4

Theodosian Code 11.29.4

Idem aa. et gratianus a. ad apodemium. si quando ratio aut necessitas est in negotiis nostra iudicia requirendi exspectandique responsa, omnem omnino causam relationis series comprehendat, ut recitata consultatione, quae ita est dirigenda, propemodum actorum recensione non opus sit; actis etiam necessario sociandis. dat.

the same augusti and gratian augustus to apodemius. if ever there is reason or necessity in affairs for seeking our judgments and awaiting responses, let the series of the relation comprise the whole cause entirely, so that, the consultation having been recited—which is to be directed in this way—there be, for all practical purposes, no need of a recension of the acts; the acts also necessarily being adjoined. given.

vi id. mai. treviris valentiniano nb. p. et victore conss. (369 mai.

on the 6th day before the Ides of May, at Trier, under Valentinian, a most noble boy, and Victor, consuls. (May 369)

19).

CTh.11.29.5

Theodosian Code 11.29.5

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad eupraxium praefectum urbi.

the emperors valentinian, valens and gratian, augusti, to eupraxius, prefect of the city.

quicumque iudicum vel appellatione interposita vel ipse dubitans relationem in causa vel civili vel criminali spoponderit sese missurum, exemplum opinionis edendae refutatoriorumque dandorum, sed et transmittendae relationis intra eum diem servet, qui constantiniana lege decretus est, ita ut simul omnia ad eam de qua refertur causam pertinentia acta transmittat. quod si qui iudicum posthac non ita observaverit cuncta in relationibus dirigendis, quae iam pridem statuta sunt, eo crimine tenebitur una cum officio, quod ordinem servandorum suggerere neglexerit, quo tenentur, qui sacrilegium admiserint. et cetera.

Whoever of the judges, whether with an appeal interposed or he himself being in doubt, has pledged that he will send a relation in a civil or criminal cause—together with a copy of the opinion to be issued and of the refutations to be given—let him observe the day which has been decreed by the Constantinian law for transmitting the relation, such that at the same time he transmits all the acts pertaining to the cause about which he reports.
But if any of the judges hereafter shall not thus observe all the things, in the dispatching of relations, which have long since been established, he shall be held under that charge along with his office (staff), because it has neglected to suggest the order of things to be observed, by which those are bound who have committed sacrilege. And the rest.

proposita xvi kal. mart. gratiano a. iii et equitio conss.

published on the 16th day before the Kalends of March, when Gratian Augustus for the 3rd time and Equitius were consuls.

(374 febr. 14).

(374 February 14).

CTh.11.29.6

Theodosian Code 11.29.6

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. palladio praefecto praetorio. numquam ad unius litigatoris querimoniam nostris altaribus suggestio offeratur, ita ut, si cuiusquam ambitione plectenda importunitas id forte meruerit, ei, cuius intentione contra generale factum fuerit constitutum, damnum litis iudex infligat nec umquam in redivivum statum negotium redigatur, quod hac fuerit condicione praesumptum.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Palladius, Praetorian Prefect. Let no suggestion be offered at our altars upon the complaint of a single litigant, such that, if importunity meriting punishment for anyone’s ambition should by chance have deserved it, the judge shall inflict the loss of the suit upon him at whose instigation anything has been established contrary to the general rule; nor shall a case which has been undertaken under this condition ever be brought back into a revived state.

dat. v id. sept. ravennae d. n. theodosio a. vii et palladio conss.

Dated at Ravenna on September 9, in the consulship of our lord Theodosius Augustus, for the 7th time, and Palladius, consuls.

(416 sept. 9).

(416 Sept. 9).

CTh.11.30.0. De appellationibus et poenis earum et consultationibus

CTh.11.30.0. On appeals and their penalties and consultations

CTh.11.30.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad claudium plotianum correctorem lucaniae et brittiorum. si in negotio civili cognitis utrisque actionibus pronuntiaveris te ad nostram scientiam relaturum, consultationis exemplum litigatoribus intra decem dies edi aput acta iubeas, ut, si cui forte relatio tua minus plena vel contraria videatur, is refutatorias preces similiter tibi aput acta offerat intra dies quinque, quam illi exemplum consultationis tuae obtuleris.

The Emperor Constantine Augustus to Claudius Plotianus, corrector of Lucania and of the Bruttii. If, in a civil matter, after both actions have been heard, you have pronounced that you will refer it to our knowledge, you shall order a copy of the consultation to be issued to the litigants within ten days in the public records, so that, if to anyone your report seems less full or contrary, he may likewise present refutatory petitions to you in the records within five days from the time when you have furnished him a copy of your consultation.

iam dicationis tuae est omnia, quae aput te vel aput alios gesta fuerint in eo negotio, consultationi tuae cum refutatoriis litigantis adnectere, ita ut scias et decem dies, intra quos edi consultationem oportet, et quinque, intra quos preces refutatoriae offerendae sunt, continuos debere servari. nam quinque diebus transactis nec offerentem preces refutatorias litigatorem debebis audire, sed sine his, quoniam intra statutum tempus oblatae non sunt, gesta omnia ad nostram referre scientiam. et cetera.

now it is within your authority to attach to your consultation all things that have been transacted before you or before others in that matter, together with the litigant’s refutatory petitions, such that you know both the ten days, within which it is proper that the consultation be issued, and the five, within which the refutatory petitions are to be offered, must be observed as continuous. for, after five days have elapsed, you ought not to hear the litigant offering refutatory petitions, but without these, since they have not been presented within the appointed time, you must refer all the proceedings to our knowledge. and so forth.

dat. iii kal. ian.

given on the 3rd day before the kalends of january.

treviris constantino a. iii et licinio iii conss. (312 vel 313

at trier, constantine augustus 3 and licinius 3, consuls. (312 or 313

[313] dec. 30

[27]).

CTh.11.30.2 [=brev.11.8.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad catulinum. post alia: minime fas est, ut in civili negotio libellis appellatoriis oblatis aut carceris cruciatus aut cuiuslibet iniuriae genus seu tormenta vel etiam contumelias perferat appellator; absque his criminalibus causis, in quibus, etiamsi possunt provocare, eum tamen statum debent obtinere, ut post provocationem in custodia perseverent.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Catulinus. After other matters: it is by no means right that, in a civil business, when appellatory petitions have been submitted, the appellant should endure either the torments of prison or any kind of injury, whether tortures or even insults; except in those criminal cases, in which, even if they are able to appeal, they ought nevertheless to obtain this status: that after the appeal they remain in custody.

ea custodita moderatione, ut eorum provocationes recipiantur, qui easdem non a praeiudicio interposuisse noscuntur aut etiam ante causam examinatam et determinatam, sed universo negotio peremptoria* praescriptione finito vel per cuncta membra decurso, contra iudicem interpositae esse noscantur etc. dat. iii.

with that moderation being kept, that
the appeals of those be received who are known not to have interposed the same by way of prejudgment nor even before the cause has been examined and
determined, but are known to have been interposed against the judge when the whole business has been finished by a peremptory* prescription or run through all its members, etc. given 3.

non. nov. treviris.

on the Nones of November, at Trier.

acc. xv. kal. mai.

received on the 15th day before the kalends of may.

hadrumeto, volusiano et anniano coss.

At Hadrumetum, in the consulship of Volusianus and Annianus.

interpretatio. ista lex hoc praecipit, non debere appellantem aut carceris custodia aut cuiuslibet iniuriae afflictione constringi, exceptis tamen criminalibus causis, in quibus similis accusantem et accusatum condicio* poenae custodiaeque constringit: et eorum appellationes dicit debere recipi, sed ita, ut qui appellaverit, in custodia teneatur, quo usque ad alium iudicem crimina obiecta perveniant, ut discussis ad integrum omnibus, aut de absolutione aut de damnatione accipiat sententiam finitivam

interpretation. this law prescribes this: that the appellant ought not to be constrained either by the custody of prison or by the affliction of any injury, criminal causes, however, being excepted, in which a similar condition* of penalty and custody constrains both the accuser and the accused: and it says that their appeals ought to be received, but in such a way that he who has appealed be held in custody, until the crimes alleged reach another judge, so that, with all things examined to the full, he may receive a definitive sentence either of absolution or of condemnation.

CTh.11.30.3

Theodosian Code 11.30.3

Idem a. ad probianum proconsulem africae. appellationum causas, quae per vos in auditorio nostro, quibus vicem nostri mandamus examinis, diiudicantur, ita audire debes, ut edicto, quod super appellationum negotiis finiendis iam generaliter constitutum est, pareas atque eadem negotia quam maturissime explices. dat.

The same Augustus to Probianus, proconsul of Africa. The cases of appeals, which through you in our auditorium—upon whom we delegate the place of our examination—are adjudged, you ought to hear in such a way that you obey the edict which, concerning the business of appeals to be brought to an end, has already been established generally, and that you conclude the same matters as most swiftly as possible. Given.

viii kal. sept. romae constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss.

august 25, at rome, when constantine augustus for the 4th time and licinius for the 4th time were consuls.

(315 aug. 25).

(August 25, 315).

CTh.11.30.4

Codex Theodosianus 11.30.4

Idem a. amabiliano praefecto annonae africae. officii cura est, ut omnes omnino appellationes, quaecumque fuerint interpositae, sollemniter curet accipere nec in recipiendis libellis aliquod genus iniuriae inferendum cuipiam existimet. proposita iii kal.

The same Augustus, to Amabilianus, Prefect of the Annona of Africa. It is the concern of the office that it duly take care to receive all appeals whatsoever that have been interposed,
and that it not suppose, in the receiving of petitions, that any kind of injury is to be inflicted upon anyone. Published on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

ian. constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss. (315 dec.

Jan. Constantine, Augustus, 4, and Licinius, 4, consuls. (315 Dec.

30).

CTh.11.30.5

Theodosian Code 11.30.5

Idem a. petronio probiano suo salutem. ex illo tempore, quo in civilibus causis, quae inter privatos moventur, consulturum vel relaturum te esse promiseris vel appellationis a te interpositae sollemnia completa fuerint, nihil posthac tibi quodlibet speciale ac requisitum vel quibuscumque modis favoris gratiam praeferens audiendum est, sed observandum, ut iuxta priora statuta sollemnitatis more expleto gesta ad comitatum omnia dirigantur. et cetera.

the same augustus to his petronius probianus, greeting. from that time, when in civil causes, which are moved between private persons, you shall have promised that you will consult or report, or the solemnities of an appeal interposed by you shall have been completed, nothing thereafter that puts forward anything special and requested, or that by whatever modes proffers the grace of favor, is to be listened to by you, but it must be observed that, in accordance with earlier statutes, with the rite of solemnity completed, all the records be directed to the comitatus. and so forth.

dat. id. aug. arelato; proposita id. octob.

given on the Ides of August at Arles; posted on the Ides of October

theveste sabino et rufino conss. (316 aug. 13).

at theveste sabinus and rufinus consuls. (316 aug. 13).

CTh.11.30.6

Theodosian Code 11.30.6

Idem a. petronio probiano suo salutem. supplicare causa pendente non licet nisi forte ei, cui opinionis exemplum negatum est vel instructionis universae subpressa transmissio. quo facto crimen iudici sacrilegii imminebit, qui hoc commisso litigatori supplicandi necessitatem imponit: cui aliter supplicanti dimidiae partis rei de qua agitur imponenda est multa, ut pro iudicis aestimatione fisco pretium inferat.

The same Augustus to his Petronius Probianus, greetings. It is not permitted to petition while the case is pending, unless perhaps for him to whom a copy of the opinion has been denied or the transmission of the entire instruction has been suppressed. When this has happened, the charge of sacrilege will loom over the judge, who by committing this imposes upon the litigant the necessity of petitioning; but to anyone petitioning otherwise, a fine of one half of the matter in dispute is to be imposed, so that, according to the judge’s valuation, he may pay the price into the fisc.

eo etiam, qui terminatam rescripto vel consultatione quaestionem exquisito suffragio refricare conabitur, quoniam maius crimen admittit, in omnem litis aestimationem protinus condemnando et sub sacramenti observatione omni venia deneganda, si quis contra haec supplicare temptaverit. dat. id. aug.

Moreover, as for him who shall try to reopen a question terminated by rescript or by consultation, with the suffrage carefully ascertained, since he admits a greater crime, he must forthwith be condemned to the entire assessment of the suit, and, under the observance of an oath, every pardon must be denied, if anyone shall attempt to supplicate contrary to these provisions. Given on the Ides of August.

arelato; proposita id. octob. theveste sabino et rufino conss. (316 aug.

at Arelate; posted on the Ides of October at Theveste, with Sabinus and Rufinus as consuls. (316 A.D.)

13).

CTh.11.30.7

Theodosian Code 11.30.7

Idem a. ad bassum praefectum urbi. litigatoribus copia est etiam non conscriptis libellis ilico appellare voce, cum res poposcerit iudicata. dat.

The same Augustus to Bassus, Prefect of the City. Litigants have the opportunity, even without written petitions, to appeal on the spot by voice, when the adjudged matter requires. Given.

viii id. iun. sirmio gallicano et basso conss. (317 iun.

June 6, at Sirmium, in the consulship of gallicanus and bassus. (317 Jun.

6).

CTh.11.30.8pr.

CTh.11.30.8pref.

Idem a. ad bassum praefectum urbi. manente lege, qua praescriptum est, intra quot dies opinionis sive relationis exemplum privatis iudex debeat exhibere et refutatorii libelli intra quot dies rursum iudicibus offerendi sint, tam in privatis quam etiam in fiscalibus causis ex eo die, quo fuerit quaestio terminata vel ex quo relationem iudex per sententiam promiserit, intra vicensimum diem quaecumque ad instructionem pertinent causae, ad comitatum nostrum properantissime volumus adferri. quod nisi factum fuerit, ab universo officio viginti transactis diebus, quos post latam sententiam placuit supputari, intra viginti alios dies qui sequuntur tantum fisco nostro praecipimus inferri, quanti per aestimationem rationalis emolumentum litis, cuius suppressa fuerat instructio, fidelissime potuerit aestimari.

The same Augustus to Bassus, Prefect of the City. With the law remaining in force, by which it is prescribed within how many days a copy of the opinion or of the relation the judge ought to exhibit to private parties, and within how many days the refutatory libellus must in turn be offered to the judges, both in private and also in fiscal causes, from that day on which the hearing shall have been concluded or from which the judge shall have promised the report by sentence, within 20 days whatever things pertain to the instruction of the case we wish to be brought most expeditiously to our comitatus. But if this shall not have been done, when 20 days have elapsed, which it has been decided to reckon after the sentence has been delivered, by the entire office, within another 20 days which follow we command to be paid into our fisc as much as the emolument of the suit, whose instruction had been suppressed, shall most faithfully be able to be assessed by the estimation of the Rationalis.

cui capitale supplicium imminebit, si rigorem legis quocumque modo mollire temptaverit. (319 mart. 29).

upon whom capital punishment will loom, if he shall attempt to soften the rigor of the law in any way. (319 March 29).

CTh.11.30.8.1

Eadem poena officio imminente, si quando appellatione vel consultatione pendente vel post decisas nostris responsionibus causas ei, quod ullo modo fuerit impetratum, damnabilem voluerit coniventiam commodare. nam decreta nostra debet ingerere iudicanti ut ipso etiam dissimulante iudice reluctari et tamquam manibus iniectis eos de iudicio producere ac rationum officio traditos statuti prioris nexibus obligare, quorum desideriis violari nostras prospexerit sanctiones. proposita iiii kal.

With the same penalty impending over the office, if ever, while an appeal or consultation is pending, or after the cases have been decided by our responses, he should wish to lend damnable connivance to him in regard to whatever has been obtained in any manner. For he ought to press our decrees upon the judging authority, so that, even with the judge himself dissembling, he may resist and, as if with hands laid on, produce them out of the court, and bind with the fetters of the prior statute those who have been handed over to the office of accounts, whose desires he shall have foreseen would violate our sanctions. posted on the 4th day before the Kalends.

april. romae constantino a. v et licinio c. conss. (319 mart.

April. at Rome, Constantine Augustus for the 5th time and Licinius Caesar, consuls.
(319 March.

29).

CTh.11.30.9

Theodosian Code 11.30.9

Idem a. ad severum vicarium. ne causas, quae in nostram venerint scientiam, rursus transferri ad iudicia necesse sit, instructiones necessarias plene actis inseri praecipimus. nam cogimur a proferenda sententia temperare, qui sanximus retractari rescripta nostra ad opiniones vel etiam relationes iudicum data non oportere, quoniam verendum est, ne lis incognito negotio dirimatur adempta copia conquerendi.

The same Augustus to Severus, Vicar. lest it be necessary that causes which have come into our knowledge be again transferred to the courts, we command that the necessary instructions be fully inserted into the acts. For we are compelled to refrain from pronouncing sentence—we who have sanctioned that our rescripts, given upon the opinions or even the relations (reports) of judges, ought not to be retracted—since it is to be feared lest the suit be decided with the business unknown, the opportunity for complaining having been taken away.

quare perennibus inuretur iudex notis, si cuncta, quae litigatores instructionis probationisque causa recitaverint, indita actis vel subiecta non potuerint inveniri. dat. x kal.

wherefore the judge shall be branded with perennial (indelible) marks, if all the things which the litigants, for the sake of instruction and proof, have recited, inserted in the records
or appended, cannot be found. given on the 10th day before the Kalends.

iul. aquileiae constantino a. v et licinio c. conss. (319 iun.

jul. at Aquileia, when Constantine, Augustus for the 5th time, and Licinius, Caesar, were consuls. (319 jun.

22).

CTh.11.30.10

Theodosian Code 11.30.10

Idem a. ad crispinum. si quis per absentiam nominatus ad provocationis auxilium cucurrerit, ex eo die interponendae appellationis duorum mensum tempora ei computanda sunt, ex quo contra se celebratam nominationem didicisse se monstraverit. nam praesenti, qui factam nominationem cognovit et appellare voluerit, statim debet duorum mensum spatium computari.

The same Augustus to Crispinus. If anyone, having been nominated in his absence, has run to the aid of an appeal, from that day the times of two months for the interposition of an appeal must be computed for him, from the time at which he shall have shown that he learned that the nomination against himself was celebrated. For one present, who has learned that the nomination has been made and has wished to appeal, at once the space of two months ought to be computed.

dat. viii id. iul. constantino a. vi et constantino c. conss.

Dated the 8th day before the Ides of July (July 8), under Constantine Augustus for the 6th time
and Constantine Caesar, consuls.

(320 iul. 8).

(320 July 8).

CTh.11.30.11pr.

Theodosian Code 11.30.11 preface.

Idem a. ad maximum. post alia: nemo in refutationem aliquid congerat, quod adserere intentione neglexerit. quod quidem saepe fit industria, si, quod quis probari posse desperet, in praesenti disceptatione dissimulet, certus se esse revincendum, si commenticia et ficta suggesserit.

The same Augustus to Maximus. After other things: let no one heap up anything for refutation which he has neglected to assert in his statement of claim. Which indeed is often done by contrivance, if someone conceals in the present disputation that which he despairs can be proved, being certain that he would be overcome if he should suggest invented and fictitious matters.

propter quod cogi etiam singulos oportebit ad proferenda in iudicio universa, quae ad substantiam litigii proficere arbitrantur, atque ea ratione urgeri, ut sciant sibi ex auctoritate legis istius non licere refutatoriis tale aliquid ingerere, quod aput iudicem non ausi fuerint publicare. nam si plena, ut iubemus, adsertio per litigatorem in iudiciis exeratur et integra instructio in consulti ordinem conferatur, stabit ratum ac fidele, quod iudicia nostra rescripserint neque ullus querimoniae locus dabitur nec occasio supplicandi, ut convelli labefactarique iubeamus quae ad relationem eius sanximus, qui neque vera neque universa suggessit. omnes igitur partium allegationes acta universa scripturarumque exempla omnium dirigantur.

on account of which it will also be necessary to compel individuals to bring forward in judgment all the things which they judge to profit the substance of the litigation, and to press them by that method, that they may know for themselves by authority of this law that it is not permitted to thrust into refutations anything of such a kind as they did not dare to publish before the judge. For if a full assertion, as we command, shall be exercised by the litigator in the courts, and an entire instruction shall be brought into the order of consultation, that which our judgments have rescripted will stand valid and faithful, and no place for complaint will be given, nor any occasion for supplicating, that we should order to be torn up and made to totter the things which we sanctioned upon the relation of him who suggested neither true nor entire matters. Therefore let all the allegations of the parties, all the acts, and exemplars of all writings be directed.

quod cum universos iudices tum praecipue sublimitatem tuam, qui cognitionibus nostram vicem repraesentas, servare conveniet. (321 ian. 12).

which it will be fitting for all judges, and especially your Sublimity, who in hearings represents our stead, to observe. (January 12, 321).

CTh.11.30.11.1

Sane etiam ex eo querimoniae litigantium oriuntur, quod a vobis, qui imaginem principalis disceptationis accipitis, appellationum adminicula respuuntur. quod inhiberi necesse est. quid enim acerbius indigniusque est, quam indulta quempiam potestate ita per iactantiam insolescere, ut despiciatur utilitas provocationis, opinionis editio denegatur, refutandi copia respuatur?

Indeed, complaints of litigants also arise from this: that by you, who assume the image of imperial adjudication, the adminicles of appeals are spurned. which must be restrained. For what is more bitter and more unworthy than that someone, granted authority, should through vaunting grow so insolent that the utility of provocation is despised, the publication of an opinion is denied, the opportunity for refutation is spurned?

quasi vero appellatio ad contumeliam iudicis, non ad privilegium iurgantis inventa sit vel in hoc non aequitas iudicantis, sed litigantis debeat considerari utilitas. dat. prid.

as though indeed an appeal had been invented for the contumely of the judge, not for the privilege of the litigant; or as though in this matter there ought to be considered not the equity of the judge, but the utility of the litigant. Given, the day before.

id. ian. sirmio crispo ii et constantino ii cc. conss. (321 ian.

on the Ides of January, at Sirmium, when Crispus 2 and Constantine 2, Caesars, were consuls. (321 Jan.

12).

CTh.11.30.12

Idem a. ad florentinum. si nominatus magistratus aliquis refragetur, non appellatio, sed querimonia hoc dicetur, appellationis enim verbum in maioribus rebus dici oportet. similiter et si ad exactionem annonariam nominatus de iniustitia queratur, non appellatio, sed querella hoc esse videbitur.

The same Augustus to Florentinus. If some nominated magistrate should oppose, this will be called not an appeal, but a querimony; for the word “appeal” ought to be used in greater matters. Likewise, if someone nominated for the annona exaction should complain of injustice, this will seem to be not an appeal, but a querela.

ideoque nec tempora appellationum servandasunt, sed mox super huiusmodi querimoniis disceptandum. dat. id. april.

and therefore the time-limits for appeals are not to be observed, but forthwith there must be adjudication upon complaints of this kind. Given on April 13.

constantinopoli severo et rufino conss. (323 apr. 13).

at constantinople, with severus and rufinus as consuls. (323 apr. 13).

CTh.11.30.13

Idem a. ad iulianum praefectum urbi. nonnulli iudicum inferioris gradus a sententiis suis interponi provocationis auxilium aegre ferentes id efficiunt, ut nobis eorum relationes non necessariae et insolentes ingerantur. igitur volumus, cum ab eorum sententiis fuerit provocatum, super ea quaestione, cuius appellatione interposita iudices esse desierunt, minime eos ad nostram referre clementiam, sed gravitatis tuae, cui nostram vicem commisimus, sacrum auditorium expectari.

The same Augustus to Julianus, Prefect of the City. Some judges of inferior rank, taking ill that the aid of an appeal is interposed from their sentences,
bring it about that unnecessary and insolent reports of theirs are thrust upon us. Therefore we will that, when an appeal shall have been made from their sentences,
concerning that question, by the interposition of whose appeal the judges have ceased to be judges, they by no means refer to our clemency, but
that the sacred auditorium of your gravity, to whom we have entrusted our stead, be awaited.

dat. iii non. aug.

Given on the 3rd day before the Nones of August (August 3).

heracleae constantino a. vii et constantio c. iii conss. (326 [329?] aug. 3).

at heraclea, under constantine, augustus, 7 times, and constantius, caesar.
3 times, consuls. (326 [329?] aug. 3).

CTh.11.30.14

Theodosian Code 11.30.14

Idem a. victori rationali urbis romae. quoniam nonnulli fisci debitores, cum iussi fuerint debitam summam exsolvere, interposito provocationis auxilio vim exsecutionis eludunt nec iam opinionis exemplum nec refutatorias preces curant petere vel offerre, placuit, ut, si intra dies complendis sollemnitatibus praestitutos ad facienda haec appellatoris cura defuerit, deserta ab eo provocatio aestimetur moxque debitum exigatur. dat.

The same Augustus, to Victor, rationalis of the City of Rome. Since some debtors of the fisc, when they have been ordered to pay the owed sum, by the interposition
of the aid of a provocation (appeal) elude the force of execution, and now they care neither to seek an exemplar of the opinion nor to request or to offer refutatory prayers, it has seemed good that,
if within the days prescribed for completing the solemnities the appellant’s care should be lacking to do these things, the provocation be considered as deserted by him,
and forthwith the debt be exacted. Given.

prid. kal. aug.

the day before the Kalends of August.

constantio et maximo conss. (327 iul. 31).

under constantius and maximus, consuls. (327 July 31).

CTh.11.30.15 [=brev.11.8.2]

Theodosian Code 11.30.15 [= Breviary 11.8.2]

Idem a. ad concilium provinciae africae. non recte iudices iniuriam sibi fieri existimant, si litigator, cuius negotium sententia vulneratum est, a principali causa provocaverit, quod neque novum neque alienum a iudiciis est. ideoque post negotium principale discussum litigatori liceat litem iuris remedio sublevare; et iudices observare debebunt, ne appellatores vel in carcerem redigant, vel a militibus faciant custodiri.

The same Augustus to the council of the province of Africa. Judges do not rightly think that an injury is being done to themselves, if a litigant, whose case has been wounded by the sentence, has appealed from the principal cause, which is neither new nor alien to judicial proceedings. And therefore, after the principal matter has been discussed, let it be permitted to the litigant to relieve his suit by a remedy of law; and the judges ought to observe that they neither consign appellants to prison, nor cause them to be kept in custody by soldiers.

pp. iv. kal. aug. karthagine, constantino a. viii.

published on the 4th day before the Kalends of August, at Carthage, under Constantine Augustus, in year 8.

et constantino caes. iv. coss.

and, in the consulship of Constantine Caesar, 4th time.

interpretatio. lex ista hoc iubet, non debere iudices provinciarum assertiones appellantium ad suam iniuriam revocare, quia hoc nec novum nec alienum a iudiciis esse cognoscitur; et ideo hoc iubet, ut liceat litigatori vitiatam causam appellationis remedio sublevare. hoc etiam specialiter praecepit, ut appellator nec in carcerem nec in quamcumque* custodiam redigatur, sed agendum negotium suum liber observet

interpretation. this law orders this, that the judges of the provinces ought not to turn back the assertions of appellants to their own injury, because this is recognized as neither new nor alien to the courts; and therefore it orders this, that it be permitted to a litigant to raise up a vitiated cause by the remedy of appeal. this also it specially commanded, that the appellant be brought neither into prison nor into any whatsoever* custody, but, being free, he may attend to the prosecution of his own case

CTh.11.30.16

Theodosian Code 11.30.16

Idem a. ad universos provinciales. a proconsulibus et comitibus et his qui vice praefectorum cognoscunt, sive ex appellatione sive ex delegato sive ex ordine iudicaverint, provocari permittimus, ita ut appellanti iudex praebeat opinionis exemplum et acta cum refutatoriis partium suisque litteris ad nos dirigat. a praefectis autem praetorio, qui soli vice sacra cognoscere vere dicendi sunt, provocari non sinimus, ne iam nostra contingi veneratio videatur.

The same emperor to all provincials. From proconsuls and counts and those who judge in the place of the prefects, whether they have judged on appeal or by delegation or in ordinary course, we permit an appeal, on condition that the judge provide to the appellant a copy of the opinion and direct the acts with the parties’ refutations and his own letters to us. But from the Praetorian Prefects, who alone are truly said to adjudicate in the sacred stead, we do not allow an appeal, lest our veneration seem to be touched.

quod si victus oblatam nec receptam a iudice appellationem adfirmet, praefectos adeat, ut aput eos de integro litiget tamquam appellatione suscepta. superatus enim si iniuste appellasse videbitur, lite perdita notatus abscedet, aut, si vicerit, contra eum iudicem, qui appellationem non receperat, ad nos referri necesse est, ut digno supplicio puniatur. dat.

But if the vanquished affirms that an appeal offered to the judge was not received, let him approach the Prefects, that before them he may litigate anew as though an appeal had been undertaken. For if, being overcome, he shall seem to have appealed unjustly, he will depart, marked with the loss of the suit; or, if he shall have won, it is necessary that a report be made to us against that judge who had not received the appeal, so that he may be punished with a fitting punishment. Given.

kal. aug.; proposita kal. sept.

kalends of august; posted on the kalends of september.

constantinopoli basso et ablavio conss. (331 aug. 1).

at Constantinople, Bassus and Ablavius as consuls (331 aug. 1).

CTh.11.30.17

The Theodosian Code 11.30.17

Idem a. ad universos provinciales. qui licitam provocationem omiserit, perpetuo silere debebit nec a nobis impudens petere per supplicationem auxilium. quod si fecerit, deportationis poena plectendus est.

The same Augustus to all provincials. Whoever has omitted a lawful appeal must be silent forever, nor impudently seek from us aid through supplication. But if he should do it, he is to be punished with the penalty of deportation.

dat. kal. aug.; proposita kal.

given on the Kalends of August; published on the Kalends.

sept. basso et ablavio conss. (331 aug.

Sept., in the consulship of Bassus and Ablavius (331 Aug.

1).

CTh.11.30.18

Codex Theodosianus 11.30.18

Imp. constantius a. anicio iuliano praefecto urbi. quotiens rationalis vel officii necessitate poscente vel ex praerogativa rescripti inter privatos iudicaverit, si a sententia fuerit provocatum, non ad nostram scientiam referendum est, sed apostolis datis, quod iuxta observatam rationem postulari sufficiet, ad auditorium gravitatis tuae, cui ad vicem nostram delata iudicatio est, partes pervenire oportet, in fiscalibus causis servato priscae consuetudinis more, ut opinione edita universa ad nostram scientiam referantur.

the emperor constantius aug. to anicius julianus, prefect of the city. Whenever the Rationalis or the office, with necessity demanding it, or by the prerogative of a rescript, shall have judged among private persons, if there has been an appeal from the sentence, it is not to be referred to our knowledge, but, apostoli having been issued—which, in accordance with the observed practice, will suffice to be requested—the parties ought to come to the auditorium of your Gravity, to whom judgment has been delegated in our stead, in fiscal causes the manner of ancient custom being preserved, that, an opinion having been published, all matters be referred to our knowledge.

dat. xiii kal. iul.

Given on the 13th day before the Kalends of July (June 19).

serdicae; proposita vi kal. aug. romae constantio a. ii et constante conss.

at Serdica; published on the 6th day before the Kalends of August at Rome, when constantius augustus for the 2nd time and constans were consuls.

(339

[329] iun. 19).

[329] June 19).

CTh.11.30.19

Idem a. ad anatolium vicarium asiae. post alia: si ad curiam nominati vel ad duumviratus aliorumque honorum infulas vel munus aliquod evocati putaverint appellandum, intra duos menses negotia perorentur. dat.

The same Augustus to Anatolius, Vicarius of Asia. After other matters: if those nominated to the curia or to the duumvirate and the infulae of other honors, or summoned to some munus, shall think an appeal should be made, let the matters be fully pled within two months. Given.

vi kal. dec. constantio a. ii et constante conss.

on november 26, when constantius augustus for the 2nd time and constans were consuls.

(339 nov. 26).

(November 26, 339).

CTh.11.30.20 [=brev.11.8.3]

Theodosian Code 11.30.20 [=Breviary 11.8.3]

Impp. constantius et constans aa. philippo pf. p. iudices cum in civilibus causis tum etiam in criminalibus, in quibus vitae hominum salutisque quodammodo fata tractantur, appellationes admittant, nec denegent vocem in supplicium sententia destinatis. pp. v. id. iun.

The emperors Constantius and Constans, Augusti, to Philippus, Praetorian Prefect: let judges, not only in civil cases but also in criminal ones, in which the fates, as it were, of the life and safety of men are handled, admit appeals, and let them not deny a voice to those destined for punishment by a sentence. (Posted on the 5th day before the Ides of June.)

post cons. constantii iterum et constantis aa.

after the consulship of Constantius for the second time and of Constans, the Augusti.

interpretatio. lex ista hoc praecipit, ut etiam in criminalibus causis, ubi vita utriusque partis in dubium devocatur, liceat appellari, nec appellandi vox denegetur ei, quem in supplicium sententia destinarit

interpretation. This law prescribes this: that even in criminal causes, where the life of either party is called into doubt, it be permitted to appeal, nor the voice of appealing be denied to him whom the sentence has destined to punishment

CTh.11.30.21

Theodosian Code 11.30.21

Idem aa. ad proculum proconsulem africae. si qui fiscale debitum per sententiam luere iussi appellationem frustrationis commento crediderint opponendam, ne moris tergiversantibus abutantur, ilico ad eum missi, cuius vice nostra cognitio est, intra viginti dies appellationis substantiam persequantur, ut vel probata appellatione ad dicationis tuae officium revertantur vel improbata ut legis istius contemptores ad praefectorum praetorio commentarios destinentur. eadem forma servanda etiam, si pessima conscientia forte gravati appellandi causas intra diem supersederint perorare.

The same Augusti to Proculus, proconsul of Africa. If any who have been ordered by sentence to discharge a fiscal debt should think that an appeal ought to be interposed by a contrivance of frustration, lest they abuse delays by resorting to evasion, let them, immediately sent to him in whose stead our cognizance is exercised, within twenty days pursue the substance of the appeal, so that either, the appeal having been approved, they return to the duty of your office, or, if disapproved, as contemners of this law, they be consigned to the registers of the Praetorian Prefects. The same form is to be observed also if, perhaps burdened by a most guilty conscience, they shall have refrained from pleading the grounds of appeal within the day.

dat. iiii kal. dec.

Dated on the 4th day before the Kalends of December.

acindyno et proculo conss. (340 nov. 28).

in the consulship of acindynus and proculus (340 nov. 28).

CTh.11.30.22

Theodosian Code 11.30.22

Idem aa. ad scylacium. omnes praesides moneantur, ut, si quis provocatione sibi opus esse cognoscit, iuxta morem ordinemque legum accipiant libellos et ad eos qui consuerunt audire transmittant, nec appellantes iniuriarum adflictatione deterritos a suffragio necessariae defensionis expellant. imponimus enim praesentis multae fascem, ut iudex, qui suscipere neglexerit, auri libras x et officium eius quindecim pendat.

The same Augusti, to Scylacium. Let all governors be warned that, if anyone recognizes that he has need of an appeal, they are to receive the petitions according to the custom and the order of the laws and send them on to those who are accustomed to hear, nor are they to drive away appellants, deterred by the affliction of injuries, from the aid of necessary defense. For we impose the burden of the present fine, that the judge who has neglected to accept shall pay 10 pounds of gold, and his office fifteen.

proposita cyzico vi kal. mart. placido et romulo conss.

posted at Cyzicus on February 24, with Placidus and Romulus as consuls.

(343 febr. 24).

(343 Feb. 24).

CTh.11.30.23

Theodosian Code 11.30.23

Idem aa. ad rusticum praefectum urbi. dudum meminimus sancientibus nobis esse decretum, ut iuris veteris auctoritate submota nullus clarissimus a praefecti urbis sententia provocandi usurparet licentius facultatem. sed cunctas nobis partes publicae utilitatis atque communis iuris videntibus praestare visum est, ut vetustatis auctoritas et appellandi facultas et origo repetatur, scilicet consenescente priore lege, qua istius modi potestas videbatur exclusa.

the same emperors to Rusticus, Prefect of the City. we recall that, as we were sanctioning, it had been decreed that, with the authority of the old law removed, no clarissimus should usurp with too much license the faculty of appealing from the sentence of the Prefect of the City. but as we, seeing all the parts of public utility and of common right, have judged it preferable to provide that the authority of antiquity and the faculty of appealing and the origin be resumed, namely, with the prior law growing obsolete, by which a power of this sort seemed to be excluded.

proposita romae vi non. iul. amantio et albino conss.

posted at Rome on the 6th day before the Nones of July, Amantius and Albinus, consuls.

(345 iul. 2).

(345 July 2).

CTh.11.30.24

Theodosian Code 11.30.24

Idem aa. procopio praesidi ciliciae. cum in controversia criminali sive civili iudex ad nos existimaverit referendum, acta, ut gesta sunt, refutatorios libellos, ut oblati sunt, referri oportet: quos quidem exigi et intra praescriptum patria constitutione tempus a iurgantibus flagitari iubemus ac pronuntiamus gravissimam notam esse subiturum, quisquis haec a nobis constituta neglexerit. proposita vi id. nov.

The same Augusti, to Procopius, governor of Cilicia. When, in a criminal or civil controversy, a judge shall have thought that reference must be made to us, the acts, as they were done, the refutatory libelli, as they were submitted, must be reported: which indeed we order to be exacted and to be demanded from the litigants within the time prescribed by our paternal constitution; and we pronounce that whoever shall have neglected these things established by us will undergo a most grave mark of censure. Posted on November 8.

filippo et sallia conss. (348 nov. 8).

philip and sallia, consuls. (348 nov. 8).

CTh.11.30.25

Idem aa. ad lollianum praefectum praetorio. quoniam iudices ordinarii provocationes aestimant respuendas, placet, ut, si quis appellationem suscipere recusaverit, quae non ab exsecutione vel a praeiudicio, sed a sententia iurgium terminante fuerit interposita, xxx pondo auri cogatur fisco inferre, triginta alias libras auri officio eius itidem soluturo. dat.

The same emperors to Lollianus, praetorian prefect. Since the ordinary judges consider appeals to be rejected, it is decreed that, if anyone
has refused to entertain an appeal which has been interposed not from execution or from a prejudgment, but from a sentence terminating the suit,
30 pounds of gold be compelled to be paid into the fisc, with his office likewise to pay another 30 pounds of gold. Given.

viii kal. aug. messadensi; proposita capuae arbitione et lolliano conss.

on 25 July, at Messada; posted at Capua
in the consulship of Arbitio and Lollianus.

(355 iul. 25).

(355 July 25).

CTh.11.30.26

Idem aa. ad volusianum praefectum praetorio. post alia: lata sententia, quae pertinet ad bona vacantia et caduca et ad ea, quae indignis legibus cogentibus auferuntur, si quis putaverit provocandum, vox eius debebit admitti. dat.

The same Augusti to Volusianus, Praetorian Prefect. After other things: the sentence having been delivered, which pertains to vacant goods and caducary goods, and to those which, the laws compelling, are taken from the unworthy, if anyone shall have thought that an appeal should be made, his voice ought to be admitted. Given.

iii kal. aug. arbitione et lolliano conss.

3 days before the Kalends of August, in the consulship of Arbitio and Lollianus.

(355 iul. 30).

(355
Jul. 30).

CTh.11.30.27

Idem aa. et iulianus caes. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. de sardinia sicilia campania calabria brittiis et piceno aemilia et venetia et ceteris interpositas appellationes laudabilis sublimitas tua more sollemni debebit audire competenti appellatione terminandas.

The same augusti and Julian Caesar to Taurus, praetorian prefect. concerning Sardinia, Sicily, Campania, Calabria, the Bruttii, and Picenum, Aemilia, and Venetia and
the others, the appeals that have been interposed your praiseworthy Sublimity ought, in the customary manner, to hear, to be brought to an end at the competent stage of appeal.

nec vero ulla poterit esse confusio. praefectus enim urbis nostra responsione conventus praedictis cognitionibus temperandum sibi esse cognovit. dat.

Nor indeed can there be any confusion.
For the prefect of the city, having been convened by our response, has recognized that he must temper himself in the aforesaid hearings. Given.

sirmio constantio a. viiii et iuliano ii c. conss. (357...).

at sirmium, when constantius augustus for the 9th time and julian caesar for the 2nd were consuls (357...).

CTh.11.30.28

Idem aa. ad taurum. patris nostri salutaribus imperatis comperimus dudum esse praeceptum, ut, si a rationali vel comite vel alio, qui curam fiscalis commodi gerit, fiscale debitum postulante fuerit provocatum, ad eos, qui vice nostra huiusmodi cognitionibus praesident, appellatores intra diem tricensimum perducantur, adversus sententias, quas iniquas esse contendunt, exsecuturi proprias actiones. quapropter viginti sufficit dies intra eandem provinciam custodiri, intra quam fuerit provocatum, sic ut ex aliis quadraginta serventur atque intra eorum terminos quod patris nostri constitutio statuit explicetur.

The same emperors to Taurus. By the salutary commands of our father we have learned that it was long ago prescribed, that, if an appeal has been made when a rationalis or a count or another who bears the care of fiscal profit, demanding a fiscal debt, has brought suit, to those who in our stead preside over such cognitions, the appellants are to be brought within 30 days, to prosecute their own actions against the sentences which they contend to be iniquitous. Wherefore it suffices that 20 days be kept within the same province within which the appeal has been taken, such that, of the others, 40 are observed, and within their limits what the constitution of our father has established is carried out.

dat. xiiii kal. iul.

given on the 14th day before the kalends of july.

singiduno; proposita x kal. aug. romae eusebio et hypatio conss.

At Singidunum; posted on July 23 at Rome
in the consulship of Eusebius and Hypatius.

(359 iun. 18).

(359 June 18).

CTh.11.30.29

Imp. iulianus a. ad hymetium vicarium urbis. omnes legitimae appellationes, quaecumque fuerint contra audientiam tuae gravitatis interpositae, indubitanter suscipiantur et post latam sententiam intra triginta dies universa, quae in eiusmodi negotio geruntur, cum refutatoriis precibus seu libellis ad nostrum comitatum mittantur, strenuo videlicet officiali ex his, qui tibi parent, ad hanc sollicitudinem electo, ita ut publicis monumentis confectis dies, quo gerulis gesta tradantur, fideliter designetur.

Emperor Julian Augustus to Hymetius, Vicar of the City. Let all legitimate appeals, whatever ones have been interposed against the audience of your gravity,
be received without doubt; and after sentence has been pronounced, within thirty days let all things which are conducted in a matter of this kind,
together with refutatory petitions or briefs, be sent to our court, namely with an energetic official selected for this duty from among those who are subordinate to you;
in such a way that, public records having been drawn up, the day on which the proceedings are handed over to the bearers is faithfully specified.

nam x librarum auri multae constituetur officium obnoxium, si statuta nostra aliqua fuerint dissimulatione violata. dat. x kal.

for the office shall be made liable to a fine of 10 pounds of gold, if any of our statutes shall have been violated by dissimulation. Given on the 10th day before the Kalends.

octob. antiochiae mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 sept.

October. At Antioch, in the consulship of Mamertinus and Nevitta. (362 sept.

22).

CTh.11.30.30

Idem a. ad germanianum praefectum praetorio. his, qui tempore competenti non appellant, redintegrandae audientiae facultas denegetur. omnes igitur, qui contra praefectos urbi seu proconsules seu comites orientis seu vicarios sub specie formidinis provocationem non arbitrantur interponendam, a renovanda lite pellantur.

The same, Augustus, to Germanianus, praetorian prefect. To those who do not appeal at the appropriate time, the faculty of reinstating a hearing shall be denied. Therefore all who, against the prefects of the City or the proconsuls or the Counts of the East or the vicars, under the pretext of fear, do not consider that an appeal ought to be interposed, shall be debarred from renewing the litigation.

nobis enim moderantibus rem publicam nullum audebit iudex provocationis perfugium iurgantibus denegare. qui vero vim sustinuerint, contestatione publice proposita intra dies videlicet legitimos, quibus appellare licet, causas appellationis evidenti adfirmatione distinguant, ut hoc facto tamquam interposita appellatione isdem aequitatis adminicula tribuantur. emissa xv kal.

For, with us moderating the commonwealth, no judge will dare to deny to litigants the refuge of appeal. Those who, however, have endured force, with a contestation publicly set forth, within the lawful days, to wit, within which it is permitted to appeal, should distinguish the causes of the appeal with evident affirmation, so that, this having been done, as if an appeal had been interposed, the same supports of equity may be granted to them. Issued on the 15th day before the Kalends.

ian. mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 dec.

jan., Mamertinus and Nevitta, consuls. (362 dec.

18).

CTh.11.30.31

Theodosian Code 11.30.31

Idem a. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. quoniam plerique rectores relationes, quas ad nostrae tranquillitatis comitatum destinare promittunt, supprimere vel differre conantur, prava id conscientia faciente conveniri eos ab illustri auctoritate tua praecipimus, ut intellegant sibi quidem denarum librarum auri, officiis vero suis vicenarum imminere condemnationem, si promissa relatio intra triginta dies non fuerit sine aliqua ambiguitate transmissa his officialibus, per quos convenit gesta transmitti. et quia plerumque contingit, ut gerulis litterarum aliquo casu existente tarditatis obstaculum videatur adferri, ne id quod necessitate contingit ad culpam rectorum redundare videatur, actis aput se confectis diem designare debebunt, in quo transmissio gestorum committitur his, qui huic necessitati deputantur.

The same Augustus to mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. Since very many governors strive to suppress or to defer the reports which they promise to send to the court of our Tranquillity, a guilty conscience prompting it, we order that they be called to account by your Illustrious Authority, so that they may understand that a condemnation of 10 pounds of gold hangs over themselves, and of 20 over their staffs, if the promised report shall not have been transmitted within 30 days, without any ambiguity, to those officials through whom it is agreed that the proceedings are to be sent. And because it very often happens that, when some mishap occurs to the bearers of letters, an obstacle of delay seems to be brought in, lest that which happens by necessity appear to redound to the fault of the governors, they shall, with the acts completed in their presence, be obliged to designate the day on which the transmission of the proceedings is committed to those who are deputed to this necessity.

dat. x kal. april.

Given on the 10th day before the Kalends of April.

iuliano a. iiii et sallustio conss. (363 mart. 23).

Julian Augustus for the 4th time and Sallust, consuls (363 Mar. 23).

CTh.11.30.32

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. salutem dicunt ordini civitatis karthaginis. iudicibus non solum appellationis suscipiendae necessitas videtur imposita, verum etiam triginta dierum spatia definita sunt, intra quae negotii merita ad mansuetudinis nostrae scrinia conveniat destinari, iudice et officio, si statuta fuerint aliqua parte mutilata, multae subiacente.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, send greeting to the order of the city of Carthage. Not only has the necessity of receiving an appeal been imposed upon judges, but spans of 30 days have also been defined, within which the merits of the case ought to be dispatched to the archives of Our Clemency, the judge and the office being subject to a fine, if the things prescribed shall have been mutilated in any part.

dat. prid. non.

Given on the day before the Nones.

feb. mediolano divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 febr.

Feb., at Milan, the deified Jovian and
Varronianus, consuls. (Febr. 364

[?] 4).

CTh.11.30.33

Theodosian Code 11.30.33

Idem aa. ad dracontium vicarium africae. quicumque iudicum adversus auctoritatem legis appellationes neglexerit, protinus officio tuo, non rationalis, imminente ad viginti librarum auri exsolvendam multam cogetur, ita ut et officium eius triginta simili celeritate dissolvat. dat.

The same Emperors to Dracontius, vicarius of Africa. Whoever among the judges has neglected appeals, against the authority of the law, shall immediately by your office,
not by the rationalis, be compelled, under threat, to pay a fine of 20 pounds of gold, in such a way that his office also shall discharge 30 with similar speed. Given.

prid. id. sept. aquileiae accepta xviii kal.

the day before the Ides of September at Aquileia; received on the 18th day before the Kalends.

dec. tacapis divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 sept.

Dec. at Tacapae, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus. (September 364

12).

CTh.11.30.34pr.

Theodosian Code 11.30.34 preface.

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. si quisquam ausus consultationem sequi circa limina palatii nostri comitatumve fuerit deprehensus, aestimatae litis, quae in controversiam venit, medietatem in auro atque argento fisci viribus inferre cogetur. (364 nov.

The same Augusti to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. If anyone shall have dared to pursue consultation around the thresholds of our palace, or shall be detected as part of a retinue, he will be compelled to bring in to the strength of the fisc, in gold and silver, a moiety of the appraised suit that has come into controversy. (November 364.

9).

CTh.11.30.34.1

Iudex sane, qui relationem promiserit, nisi intra triginta dies dictae sententiae promissam relationem ad nostra scrinia destinarit, ipse quidem notabili sententia reprehensus x librarum auri condemnatione quatietur, officium vero eius, quod non suggesserit nec commonuerit de relationis necessitate, viginti libris auri fiat obnoxium. dat. v id. nov.

Indeed, the judge who shall have promised a report, unless within thirty days from the pronounced sentence he shall have dispatched the promised report to our scrinia, he himself, censured by a notable sentence, shall be subjected to a condemnation of 10 pounds of gold; but his office, since it has neither suggested nor reminded about the necessity of the report, shall be made liable for 20 pounds of gold. Given on the 5th day before the Ides of November.

mediolano divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 nov. 9).

at Milan, under the consuls the deified Jovian and Varronianus. (364
nov. 9).

CTh.11.30.35

Codex Theodosianus 11.30.35

Idem aa. ad modestum praefectum praetorio. cuncta instrumenta, quae iudiciis offeruntur, subiecta consultationi gesta continere debebunt. sed et acta, quae sint ante habita, et monumenta transmittenda sunt, hisque adnectenda sunt testimonia vel confessiones partium et omnia huiusmodi, in quibus causa consistit et habere exitum videatur.

Likewise the Augusti to Modestus, Praetorian Prefect. All instruments which are offered in the courts must contain the proceedings submitted to consultation. But both the acts which have previously been held and the memorials are to be transmitted; and to these there must be annexed the testimonies or confessions of the parties and all things of this sort, on which the cause consists and seems to have its outcome.

dat. kal. aug.

given on August 1.

marcianopoli valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (370 aug. 1).

at marcianopolis, valentinian and valens, the augusti.
consuls. (370 aug. 1).

CTh.11.30.36

Theodosian Code 11.30.36

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad eupraxium praefectum urbi.

the emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, augusti, to eupraxius, prefect of the city.

post alia: cum ex causis iustis aliquid, quo minus iudicari statim possit, repperietur incertum ac debitor adversus discussoris statum coeperit reluctari, dilatione postposita super eo, quod exorietur ambiguum, vel sublimitas tua vel vicarius, prout quisque vestrum proximus erit, adhibeat examen. proposita xvi kal. mart.

after other things: when, for just causes, something is found uncertain, by reason of which it cannot be judged at once, and the debtor has begun to resist the standing of the examiner, with delay set aside, concerning whatever ambiguity shall arise, either your sublimity or the vicarius, whichever of you will be nearest, shall apply an examination. posted on 14 february.

gratiano a. iii et equitio conss. (374 febr. 14).

in the consulship of gratian, augustus, 3, and equitius, consuls. (374 feb. 14).

CTh.11.30.37

Code of Theodosius 11.30.37

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. ad thalassium proconsulem africae.

Emperors Valens, Gratian, and Valentinian, Augusti, to Thalassius, Proconsul of Africa.

post alia: cum de praescriptionibus peremptoriis agitatur examen, si eas praescriptiones iudex ut leves putaverit improbandas et ab eius interlocutione fuerit appellatum, provocatio huiusmodi recipiatur, cum peremptoria praescriptio et definitiva sententia eadem vi vel consumptae causae vel non admittendae videantur operari. sed quoniam evenire potest, ut multae praescriptiones peremptoriae litigatoribus competant, ne in uno eodemque negotio per singulas necesse sit saepius provocari et totiens ad nos referri, omnes peremptorias praescriptiones, quas sibi quisque putaverit competere, cogatur expromere et ita demum, si a cognitore fuerint repudiatae, utatur, si placet, provocationis auxilio. et cetera.

after other things: when an examination is conducted concerning peremptory prescriptions, if the judge has thought those prescriptions, as light, to be disapproved, and an appeal has been made from his interlocution, let such an appeal be received, since a peremptory prescription and a definitive sentence seem to operate with the same force either of a consumed cause or of one not to be admitted. but since it can happen that many peremptory prescriptions are available to litigants, lest in one and the same case it be necessary to appeal more often for each one and to refer to us so many times, let each be compelled to set forth all the peremptory prescriptions which he shall think to pertain to himself, and only then, if they have been rejected by the cognitor (judge), let him use, if it pleases, the aid of appeal. and so forth.

dat. iii kal. sept.

dated on the 3rd day before the Kalends of September.

treviris valente vi et valentiniano ii aa. conss. (378 aug. 30).

at Trier, Valens for the 6th time and Valentinian for the 2nd, the Augusti, as consuls. (378 aug. 30).

CTh.11.30.38

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad syagrium praefectum praetorio.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, augusti, to syagrius, praetorian prefect.

post alia: in condemnationibus appellationes iubemus admitti. dat. xiiii kal.

among other things: in condemnations, we order that appeals be admitted. given on the 14th day before the Kalends.

iul. gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss. (380 iun.

Jul. Gratian 5 and Theodosius 1, the Augusti, consuls. (380 Jun.

18).

CTh.11.30.39

Idem aaa. ad macedonium comitem sacrarum largitionum. quotiens fiscalibus causis controversiae alicuius dubitatione pendentibus summam sententiae comes aerarii nostri imposuisse detegitur et cogendis obvium debitis provocationis suffugium fuerit obiectum, proprium super eo esse tribuendum praestantia tua discat examen, modo ut frequentibus statuta praeceptis eos praeter debiti modum poena comitetur, quos executionem veteris iudicati superfluae appellationis obiectu suspendisse claruerit.

The same Emperors to Macedonius, Count of the Sacred Largesses. Whenever, in fiscal causes with some controversy hanging in dubitation, it is detected that the Count of our Treasury has imposed the ultimate judgment, and a refuge of provocation has been objected in the way of compelling the debts, let Your Excellency learn that a proper examination on that matter is to be assigned to yourself, provided that, by precepts often established, a penalty accompany them beyond the measure of the debt, those whom it shall have become clear have suspended the execution of the former adjudged decision by the interposition of a superfluous appeal.

proposita karthagine xv kal. april. syagrio et eucherio conss.

posted at carthage on march 18, in the consulship of syagrius and eucherius.

(381 mart. 18).

(381 March 18).

CTh.11.30.40

Idem aaa. ad basilium comitem sacrarum largitionum. omnem, quae de libello scripta recitatur, dici volumus atque esse sententiam atque ab eo provocationis auxilia quisquis efflagitat, ad auditorii sacri venire iudicium neque illic ex praeiudicio poenam vereri, sed appellationis iniustae iustaeve discrimen competenti subire luctamine.

the same augusti to basil, count of the sacred largesses. we will that whatever is written from a libellus and recited be called and be a sentence, and that whoever demands from him the aids of provocation come to the judgment of the sacred auditorium and there not fear a penalty from a prejudgment, but undergo in a competent contest the discrimination of an unjust or a just appellation.

praeterea quidquid in cunctis cognitionibus atque conflictibus libelli absque documento et recitatione decernitur, praeiudicii loco iuste ac probabiliter putatur. atque ab eo si vel vocem quisquam provocationis obiecerit vel libellum, disputatione non indiget, quin certa atque manifesta praeiudicii condicione teneatur eumque confestim ab eodem cognitore exigi conveniet ac teneri. dat.

Moreover, whatever in all cognitions and conflicts concerning a libellus is decreed without document and recitation is rightly and plausibly considered to have the force of a prejudgment. And from that point, if anyone has interposed either the utterance of an appeal or a libellus, it does not require disputation that he is held under a certain and manifest condition of prejudgment; and it will be fitting that he be immediately exacted and held by the same judge. Given.

prid. kal. sept.

the day before the Kalends of September

merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 aug. 31).

in the consulship of merobaudes 2 and saturninus. (383 aug. 31).

CTh.11.30.41

Theodosian Code 11.30.41

Idem aaa. ad ammianum comitem rerum privatarum. rationales privatae rei causis vel sacri aerarii praesidentes examen praesente fisci advocatione suscipiant.

The same three Augusti to Ammianus, Count of the Private Estate. Let the rationales, presiding over the causes of the Private Estate or of the Sacred Treasury, undertake the examination with the advocacy of the fisc present.

ac si eorum sententia forte fuerit appellatione suspensa, ad eos iudices disceptationis fata transeant, ad quos privatorum hominum causae referri ex provocatione consuerunt, ita ut, si ab illis quoque fuerit provocatum, mansuetudinis nostrae expectetur arbitrium, vel sinceritate tua vel sacrarum remunerationum comite, prout ad quem negotium pertinebit, quid super his, de quibus referatur, gestum sit, scriptis currentibus instruente, ut, sive athuc superest nostra cognitio, mansuetudinem nostram facta suggestione commoneat, sive adquiescentibus partibus terminum negotio datum esse constiterit, plenam rei inquisitionem notitiamque eius accipiat. sane tempora tantum volumus privatis fiscalibusque causis non esse communia, ut antiquo iure fiscalia negotia intra duos menses in eadem provincia, intra quattuor in contigua, intra sex in transmarina dicantur. proposita xvii kal.

And if by chance their sentence has been suspended by appeal, let the fortunes of the dispute pass to those judges to whom the causes of private persons are accustomed to be referred on appeal, so that, if there has also been an appeal from them, the judgment of Our Clemency be awaited, with either Your Sincerity or the Count of the Sacred Largesses as companion, according as to whom the business will pertain, informing by circulating letters what has been done concerning those matters about which report is made, so that, whether our cognizance still remains, upon a made suggestion it may remind Our Clemency, or, if with the parties acquiescing it has been established that a term has been given to the business, full inquiry into the matter and knowledge of it may be received. Indeed we wish only that the time limits not be common to private and fiscal causes, to the effect that by ancient law fiscal business is said within two months in the same province, within four in a neighboring one, within six in an overseas province. published on the 17th before the Kalends.

ian. merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 dec.

Jan. Merobaudes 2 and Saturninus, consuls.
(383 Dec.

16).

CTh.11.30.42

Codex Theodosianus 11.30.42

Idem aaa. ad agrestium proconsulem palaestinae. probamus verecundiam iudicantis, si superfluam quoque recipiat provocationem, ne interim reliquum negotium audiret.

The same Augusti to Agrestius, proconsul of Palestine. We approve the reserve of a judge, if he should even accept a superfluous appeal, lest in the meantime he hear the remainder of the business.

dat. prid. kal.

given on the day before the Kalends.

april. constantinopoli richomere et clearcho conss. (384 mart.

april. at Constantinople, with Richomer and Clearchus as consuls. (384 March

31).

CTh.11.30.43

Theodosian Code 11.30.43

Idem aaa. merobaudi duci aegypti. provocantibus multas nisi ex nostris decretis non patimur imponi.

The same Emperors, to Merobaudes, dux of Egypt. We do not allow fines to be imposed upon those appealing, unless by our decrees.

dat. xiii kal. nov.

given on the 13th day before the kalends of november.

constantinopoli richomere et clearcho conss. (384 oct. 20).

at constantinople under richomer and clearchus, consuls (384 oct. 20).

CTh.11.30.44

Theodosian Code 11.30.44

Idem aaa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. post alia: obiecta appellatione, etiamsi a praeiudicio interposita dicatur, vel ad nos vel ad cognitorem sacri auditorii sollemniter causa mittatur, cum, si ea provocatio adversum leges fuerit emissa, facile post iudicium sacri examinis ab huiusmodi litigatoribus multa possit exculpi.

The same Augusti to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. After other matters: an appeal having been alleged, even if it is said to have been interposed by way of prejudgment, let the case be sent in due form either to us or to
the examiner of the Sacred Audience, since, if that provocation has been issued contrary to the laws, after the judgment of the Sacred Examination much can easily be expunged
by litigators of this sort.

dat. iii kal. decemb.

dated on the 3rd day before the Kalends of December (November 29).

mediolano richomere et clearcho conss. (384 nov. 29).

at Milan, in the consulship of Richomer and Clearchus (384 nov. 29).

CTh.11.30.45pr.

CTh. 11.30.45, preface.

Idem aaa. et arcadius a. ad pelagium comitem rerum privatarum. post alia: cum post sententiam discussoris vel rationalis fuerit provocatum, ad sinceritatem tuam negotium transferatur, ut, si mediocritas negotii aut longinquitas regionis ad iudicium tuum litigatores venire non patitur, iudici provinciae, quem ipse probaveris, negotium deleges.

the same augusti and arcadius augustus to pelagius, count of the private estates. after other things: when, after the sentence of a discussor or a rationalis, an appeal has been taken, let the case be transferred to your sincerity, so that, if the modesty of the business or the remoteness of the region does not allow the litigants to come to your judgment, you may delegate the case to the judge of the province, whom you yourself shall have approved.

(385 febr. 15).

(385 Feb. 15).

CTh.11.30.45.1

Appellationes vero transmarinae in iudicio tuo intra anni agantur spatium; de contiguis et non longe positis provinciis appellationes intra constituta iure tempora peragantur. dat. xv kal.

But transmarine appeals are to be conducted in your court within the span of a year; as for appeals from contiguous and not far-placed provinces, let them be completed within
the times constituted by law. given on the 15 before the Kalends

mart. mediolano arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 febr.

march, at Milan, when Arcadius, as Augustus for the 1st time, and Bauto were consuls. (385 febr.

15).

CTh.11.30.46

Theodosian Code 11.30.46

Idem aaa. ad florentium comitem sacrarum largitionum. post alia: cum super fiscali debito emerserit provocatio, in eadem provincia vicensimo die negotii merita noscenda sunt, ita ut secundum generalis arbitrium sanctionis xl dierum ex contigua provincia spatia sufficiant.

the same augusti to florentius, count of the sacred largesses. after other things: when an appeal has arisen concerning a fiscal debt, in the same province
the merits of the case must be examined on the twentieth day, so that, according to the judgment of the general sanction, the span of 40 days from the adjoining province
may suffice.

dat. vii kal. dec.

dated on the 7th day before the Kalends of December.

aquileiae arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 nov. 25).

at Aquileia, under the consulship of Arcadius, Augustus, for the first time, and of Bauto, consuls. (385 Nov. 25).

CTh.11.30.47

Theodosian Code 11.30.47

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius, and arcadius, augusti, to cynegius, praetorian prefect.

cum antea sit constitutum, ut consultationem iudicis ad comitatum sacrum missam litigatorum nemo sequeretur, hoc integra deliberatione sancimus, ut, si ad consultationem anno decurso non fuerit aliqua ratione responsum, litigatores quorum interest collectis omnibus gestis et ipsius relationis exemplis veniendi ad comitatum nostrae serenitatis habeant liberam facultatem. dat. vii kal.

Since it has previously been constituted that no one of the litigators should follow to the sacred court a judge’s consultation that has been sent, we sanction this with entire deliberation: that, if to the consultation, with the year elapsed, no answer shall have been given by any manner, the litigators whom it concerns, with all the records collected and with copies (exemplars) of the very relation, shall have free faculty of coming to the comitatus of Our Serenity. given on the 7th day before the Kalends.

feb. constantinopoli honorio nb. p. et evodio conss. (386 ian.

feb. at constantinople honorius, most noble boy, and evodius, consuls. (386 jan.

26).

CTh.11.30.48

Idem aaa. ad eusignium praefectum praetorio. revocare appellationem suam unicuique minime permittatur, sed sacro auditorio totius negotii examinatio reservetur.

The same, the three Augusti, to Eusignius, Praetorian Prefect. Let it by no means be permitted for anyone to revoke his own appeal, but let the examination of the whole business be reserved to the sacred auditorium.

quod si hac lege neglecta gratiam siverit appellationis, et ipse quinquaginta libras argenti et eius officium parem summam condemnationis inferre cogetur. dat. xiiii kal.

But if, this law having been neglected, he shall have allowed the favor of an appeal, both he himself shall be compelled to pay 50 pounds of silver, and his office (staff) to pay a like sum of the condemnation.
Given on the 14th day before the Kalends.

iun. mediolano valentiniano a. iii et eutropio conss. (387 mai.

June, at Milan, in the consulship of Valentinian, Augustus, for the 3rd time, and Eutropius, consuls. (387 May

19).

CTh.11.30.49

Theodosian Code 11.30.49

Idem aaa. albino praefecto urbis romae. in negotiis, quae in urbe venerabili nostri patrimonii nomine ventilantur, id iuris tulimus, ut, si ducentarum librarum argenti negotium quod agitur summam aestimationemque transcendit, a rationalis sententia provocantes comitivae privatarum sequantur examen.

the same augusti to albinus, prefect of the city of rome. in the businesses which in the venerable city are ventilated in the name of our patrimony, we have enacted this law: that, if
the business which is being conducted exceeds the sum and valuation of two hundred pounds of silver, those appealing from the sentence of the rationalis shall follow the examination of the comitiva
privatarum.

si vero intra praestitutum modum litigii summa se cohibet, sublimi eminentiae tuae sacrum nostri numinis iudicium delegamus. dat. viii kal.

If, however, the amount in dispute keeps itself within the prescribed limit, we delegate to your sublime eminence the sacred judgment of our divinity.
Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

aug. romae timasio et promoto conss. (389 iul.

aug. at Rome, timasius and promotus, consuls. (389 Jul.

25).

CTh.11.30.50

Codex Theodosianus 11.30.50

Idem aaa. victorio proconsuli asiae. eum, qui procuratorem suum cum appellatione ante sententiam adversum se latam ad iudicium dirigit, iudiciaria auctoritate iubemus praeiudicialis multae excipere ac sustinere iacturam.

The same emperors, to Victor, proconsul of Asia. Whoever dispatches his procurator, together with an appeal, to judgment before a sentence has been delivered against him, we order by judicial authority to incur the forfeiture of a prejudicial fine and to bear the loss.

emissa prid. non. april.

issued on the day before the Nones of April.

constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 apr. 4).

at Constantinople Theodosius, Augustus, 3
and Abundantius, consuls. (393 apr. 4).

CTh.11.30.51

Theodosian Code 11.30.51

Idem aaa. apodemio praefecto praetorio illyrici et italiae ii. quibus causis non est provocatio respuenda, iubemus respuentem iudicem xxx librarum auri, obsecundantem officii gratiam quinquaginta esse feriendam. dat.

The same Augusti, to Apodemius, praetorian prefect of Illyricum and of Italy, 2. In those causes in which an appeal is not to be rejected, we order that a judge who rejects it be struck with 30 pounds of gold, and that the favor of the office that complies be struck with fifty. Given.

v id. iun. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 iun.

June 9, at Constantinople, when Theodosius Augustus for the 3rd time and Abundantius were consuls (June 393).

9).

CTh.11.30.52

Idem aaa. have, rufine karissime nobis. nihil sub sacri iudicii examine de ea parte negotii debet definiri, de qua nihil in exordio aput praesidem aut institutum fuerit ac probatum.

the same augusti. hail, rufine, dearest to us. nothing under the examination of the sacred tribunal ought to be defined concerning that part of the business, about which nothing at the outset before the governor has been instituted and proved.

dat. iiii kal. octob.

dated on the 4th day before the Kalends of October (September 28).

constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 sept. 28).

at constantinople, theodosius, augustus, 3, and abundantius, consuls. (393 sept. 28).

CTh.11.30.53

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. ennoio proconsuli africae. post alia: libellis vel edictis factae citra consilium publicum non valeant nominationes; de quibus nec appellari necesse est, si sollemnitas deest.

the emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Ennoius, Proconsul of Africa. after other matters: nominations made by petitions or edicts, without the public council, shall not be valid
nominations; concerning which it is not even necessary to appeal, if the solemnity is lacking.

dat. xvii kal. iun.

dated on the 17th day before the Kalends of June.

mediolano olybrio et probino conss. (395 mai. 16).

at milan olybrius and probinus, consuls. (395 may 16).

CTh.11.30.54

Theodosian Code 11.30.54

Idem aa. andromacho praefecto urbi. si ante annum relationi missae responsum sacra scrinia non dedissent, causae litigatoris commonitio non nocebit. post quod, etiamsi aliqua constitutio manasse monstratur, quae venientes rei, de qua agitur, ut dudum, amissione constringit, in quo ei, quae tempus designat, nihil intellegitur detraxisse, quia nullam indulti anni nec adtigit nec sustulit mentionem.

The same emperors to Andromachus, Prefect of the City. If before a year the sacred scrinia have not given a response to a relation that was sent, the commonition of the litigant’s cause
will not harm. After which, even if some constitution is shown to have emanated, which, as formerly, constrains those coming into the matter at issue with loss,
it is understood to have taken nothing away from that which designates a time, because it neither touched nor removed any mention of the indulgence of a year.

atque ideo positum vigorem legum scitaque servabunt, si intra annum missae relationis impatientia litigatoris eruperit, vel condicio praestituta vel poena. transacto autem anni curriculo nemo venire prohibebitur, quominus a clementia nostra repetat oraculum, quod lex praescripta anni definitione distulit, non ademit. dat.

and therefore
the established vigor of the laws and the enactments will be preserved, if within a year of the dispatched relatio the impatience of the litigant should erupt, whether concerning the prescribed condition or the penalty. when, however, the course of the year has been completed, no one will be prohibited from coming to seek again from our clemency the oracle which the law, by the definition of a year, has deferred, not taken away. given.

viii kal. iun. mediolano olybrio et probino conss.

May 25, at Milan, in the consulship of Olybrius and Probinus.

(395 mai. 25).

(395 May 25).

CTh.11.30.55

Theodosian Code 11.30.55

Idem aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. in negotiis civilibus cum nihil sit, quod ante appellationem iudicio principali indigeat, agnitis partium allegationibus atque pensatis terminari oportet controversias, non dumtaxat consultatione differri. neque enim fas est, quod aput infirmum disceptatorem definiendi constantiam provocantis trepidatio retardavit, litigatorem sub consultationis ambiguo iugi expectatione pendere.

The same Augusti to Messala, praetorian prefect. In civil matters, since there is nothing which, before an appeal, requires a principal judgment, once the allegations of the parties have been acknowledged and weighed, controversies ought to be terminated, not merely deferred by a consultation. For it is not right that, because the trepidation of an appellant has delayed in a feeble judge the firmness of deciding, a litigant should hang in suspense under the ambiguity of a consultation in continual expectation.

dat. xiiii kal. iun.

given on the 14th day before the Kalends of June.

arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 [399/400] mai. 19).

Arcadius, in his 4th, and Honorius, in his 3rd consulship, the Augusti, consuls. (396 [399/400] May 19).

CTh.11.30.56

Theodosian Code 11.30.56

Idem aa. nebridio proconsuli asiae. repugnantes priscorum sententias nostra serenitas temperavit. si quis itaque libellos appellatorios ingesserit, sciat intra triduum post oblationem legitimam, non ex quo est sententia deprompta, appellatorem habere licentiam arbitrium commutandi, ne iustae paenitudinis humanitas amputetur.

The same emperors to Nebridius, proconsul of Asia. Our Serenity has tempered what is repugnant to the opinions of the ancients. Therefore, if anyone has submitted appellatory libelli, let him know that within three days after the legitimate filing—not from the time when the sentence has been pronounced—the appellant has license to change his decision, lest the humanity of just repentance be cut off.

dat. xi kal. aug.

given on the 11th day before the kalends of august.

constantinopoli arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 iul. 22).

At Constantinople, Arcadius 4 and Honorius 3, Augusti, consuls. (396 July 22).

CTh.11.30.57

Idem aa. ad eutychianum praefectum praetorio. post alia: addictos supplicio et pro criminum immanitate damnatos nulli clericorum vel monachorum, eorum etiam quos synoditas vocant, per vim atque usurpationem vindicare liceat ac tenere. quibus in causa criminali humanitatis consideratione, si tempora suffragantur, interponendae provocationis copiam non negamus, ut ibi diligentius examinetur, ubi contra hominis salutem vel errore vel gratia cognitoris obpressa putatur esse iustitia; ea condicione, ut sive pro consule, comes orientis, augustalis, vicarii fuerint cognitores, non tam ad clementiam nostram quam ad amplissimas potestates sciant esse referendum.

The same emperors to Eutychianus, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: those consigned to punishment and condemned for the enormity of crimes let it be permitted to none of the clerics or monks, even those whom they call Synodites, to claim by force and usurpation and to hold. To such persons, in a criminal cause, by a consideration of humanity, if the times (circumstances) are favorable, we do not deny the opportunity of interposing an appeal, so that it may be examined more diligently there where, against a man’s safety, justice is thought to have been oppressed either by the error or the favor of the judge; on this condition, that whether the proconsul, the Count of the East, the Augustalis, or the vicars shall have been the judges, they should know that it is to be referred not so much to our clemency as to the most exalted authorities.

eorum enim de his plenum volumus esse iudicium, qui, si ita res est et crimen exegerit, rectius possint punire damnatos. et cetera. dat.

For we wish the judgment concerning these matters to be full in the hands of those who, if the matter is so and the crime has required it, may be able more rightly to punish the condemned. And the rest. Given.

vi kal. aug. mnizo honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss.

on the 6th day before the kalends of august, at mnizo, in the consulship of honorius augustus for the 4th time and eutychianus.

(398 iul. 27).

(398 July 27).

CTh.11.30.58pr.

CTh.11.30.58 preface.

Idem aa. theodoro praefecto praetorio. multorum querellis excitati hac lege sancimus, ut, si quis provocatione interposita suspecti iudicis velit vitare sententiam, in hac voce liberam habeat potestatem nec timeat contumeliam iudiciorum, cum et ab ipsa iniuria possit facile provocare, maxime cum a solis tantum praefectis non sine dispendio causae provocare permissum sit. sciant igitur cuncti sibi ab iniuriis et suspectis iudicibus et a capitali supplicio ac fortunarum dispendio provocationem esse concessam.

The same Augusti to theodorus, praetorian prefect. Stirred by the complaints of many, we sanction by this law that, if anyone, an appeal having been interposed, should wish to avoid the sentence of a suspected judge,
he shall have free power under this wording and need not fear an affront of the courts, since he can also easily appeal from that very injury,
especially since it has been permitted to appeal only from prefects alone, not without prejudice to the cause. Therefore let all know that to them an appeal has been granted from injuries and suspected judges and from capital punishment and the loss of fortunes.

(399 iun. 7).

(June 7, 399).

CTh.11.30.58.1

Quod si quis posthac iudicum appellatione emissa libellos quoque oblatos audire noluerit, viginti librarum auri dispendio multabitur; officium vero eius nisi huic pertinaciter restiterit atque actis ita contradixerit et, quid iure sit constitutum, ostenderit, viginti quinque libras auri largitionibus nostris inferre cogetur. dat. vii id. iun.

But if anyone hereafter, an appeal of the judges having been sent forth, is unwilling to hear the petitions also presented, he shall be fined with a loss of 20 pounds of gold; but his office, unless it has pertinaciously resisted this and thus has contradicted in the acts and has shown what has been constituted by law, will be compelled to pay twenty-five pounds of gold into our largitions. given 7 days before the Ides of June.

mediolano theodoro v. c. cons. (399 iun. 7).

at milan under theodorus, most distinguished man, consul. (june 7, 399).

CTh.11.30.59

Theodosian Code 11.30.59

Idem aa. simplicio praesidi tripolitanae. nullum ita credimus contumacem, ut appellationem interpositam legibus audeat recusare. quam ob rem teneat apparitio veterem disciplinam nec a suggestionibus necessariis metu eius, cui ad tempus paret, retrahatur.

The same Augusti to Simplicius, governor of Tripolitania. We do not believe anyone to be so contumacious as to dare to refuse an appeal interposed according to the laws. For which reason let the apparitorial staff maintain the old discipline, and let it not be drawn back from necessary suggestions by fear of him whom it obeys for the time being.

xxx autem libras auri aerario nostro cogetur inferre, qui obiectam provocationem iure neglexerit et eadem officium, si coniventiam praestet iudici, poena retinebitur. dat. prid.

30 pounds of gold, moreover, will be compelled to be paid into our treasury by whoever has neglected the interposed appeal in accordance with law, and the staff, if it affords connivance to the judge, by the same penalty,
will be held. Given, the day before.

id. iun. veronae theodoro v. c. cons. (399 iun.

on the Ides of June, at Verona, in the consulship of Theodorus, a most distinguished man. (399 Jun.

12).

CTh.11.30.60

Theodosian Code 11.30.60

Idem aa. pompeiano proconsuli africae. cum de appellationibus recipiendis necne promulgatarum legum sufficiat auctoritas atque his, qui rite ab iniusta sententia provocantes audire noluissent, sit poena proposita, poena etiam officio constituta, sive in criminalibus sive in civilibus causis fuerit iudicatum, attamen nostro etiam motu decernimus, ut veterum statuta serventur, quae nullum patimur umquam impune violare. dat.

The same emperors, to Pompeianus, proconsul of Africa. Since the authority of the promulgated laws suffices concerning whether appeals are to be received or not, and since a penalty has been set forth for those who
who, properly appealing from an unjust sentence, should have refused to hear them, and a penalty has also been established for the office, whether judgment has been given in criminal or in
civil cases, nevertheless, by our own motion we also decree that the ancient statutes be observed, which we allow no one ever
to violate with impunity. Given.

kal. iun. mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss.

Kalends of June, at Mediolanum, Stilicho and Aurelianus, consuls.

(400 iun. 1).

(400 June 1).

CTh.11.30.61

Theodosian Code 11.30.61

Idem aa. flaviano praefecto urbi. quotiens vir spectabilis vicarius venerandae urbis negotium aliquod praemissa inscriptione cognoscit atque ab eius sententia fuerit provocatum, ad nostram clementiam referri decernimus. sin vero huiusmodi examen arripuerit, in quo sine ullo legis vinculo non tam crimen obicitur quam cuiusdam criminis conflatur invidia lataque sententia appellatione suspenditur, illustrem sedem tuam editis ex more apostolis sacra vice audientiam praebere sancimus.

The same emperors to Flavianus, Prefect of the City. Whenever a man of Spectabilis rank, the Vicar of the Venerable City, takes cognizance of some business with the inscription prefixed, and an appeal has been made from his sentence, we decree that it be referred to Our Clemency. But if he has undertaken an inquiry of such a kind, in which, without any bond of law, not so much a charge is alleged as the odium of some crime is concocted, and, the sentence having been delivered, it is suspended by an appeal, we sanction that Your Illustrious See, with the apostoli issued according to custom, provide a hearing in sacred vice.

dat. xiiii kal. septemb.

Given on August 19.

brixiae stilichone et aureliano conss. (400 aug. 19).

at Brescia, Stilicho and Aurelian, consuls. (400 Aug. 19).

CTh.11.30.62

Idem aa. et theodosius a. ad diotimum proconsulem africae. in negotiis, quae ex appellatione descendunt, veterem consuetudinem volumus custodiri, illud addentes, ut, si quando a gentilibus vel a praefectis eorum fuisset interposita provocatio, sacrum sollemniter, hoc est proconsularis cognitionis praestoletur examen. dat.

The same Augusti and Theodosius Augustus to Diotimus, Proconsul of Africa. In matters which arise from an appeal, we wish the ancient custom to be kept, adding this: that, if ever an appeal should have been interposed by gentiles or by their prefects, the sacred examination should be awaited solemnly, that is, the examination of proconsular cognition. Given.

xi kal. aug. ravennae stilichone ii et anthemio conss.

the 11th day before the kalends of august, at ravenna, stilicho 2 and anthemius, consuls.

(405 iul. 22).

(405 July 22).

CTh.11.30.63

Idem aaa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. in his causis, quae praesentes arbitros ex sententia vestrae magnitudinis sortiuntur, vel in ea civitate seu provincia qua degetis sive in proximis atque contiguis provinciis, lex antiqua propriam obtineat firmitatem, ut duobus exactis mensibus dies sit ultimus temporalis et intra triginta dies reparatio postuletur.

The same Augusti to anthemio, praetorian prefect. In those cases which obtain present arbiters by the judgment of Your Magnitude, whether in that city or province in which you reside or in the neighboring and contiguous provinces, let the ancient law retain its own firmness, so that, with two months completed, the day shall be the last of the term, and within thirty days a renewal shall be sought.

ubi vero in longioribus ac remotis provinciis eadem litis ac dilationis ratio pensabitur, ad eorum instar, quos a rectoribus provinciarum eorumque sententiis convenit appellare, sex mensum temporalis dies, trium reparationis nomine dilatio praebeatur. dat. xiiii kal.

but where in longer and more remote provinces the same reckoning of the suit and of delay shall be weighed, after the pattern of those whom it is fitting to appeal from the governors of the provinces and their sentences, let the day of term be six months, and a postponement of three, under the name of reparation, be afforded. given on the 14th day before the kalends.

ian. constantinopoli stilichone ii et anthemio conss. (405 dec.

Jan. at Constantinople, in the consulship of Stilicho for the 2nd time and Anthemius, consuls. (405 Dec.

19).

CTh.11.30.64pr.

CTh.11.30.64pref.

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. iuliano proconsuli africae. non ignoramus post interpositam provocationem in causis fiscalibus antiquitus constitutum, ut viginti dies constituti intra provinciam videantur et ut sacri auditorii cognitores divinae domus negotia terminarent, ex contigua vero provincia intra quadraginta dies negotia universa discingerent.

Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Julian, proconsul of Africa. We are not unaware that, after an interposed appeal in fiscal causes, it was established from antiquity that twenty days, as appointed, are understood within the province, and that the cognitors of the sacred auditorium should bring to an end the business of the divine house, but that from a contiguous province they should dispatch all matters within forty days.

verum serenitas nostra certum moderamen invenit. praecipimus itaque, ut praeter hos viginti dies, quos lex augusta constituit, viginti alios iungeremus. quorum quidem omnium haec erit forma servanda, ut, quocumque die ex adiectis viginti diebus fuerit negotium peroratum, sacri auditorii habere reverentiam iudicetur sitque ultimus, etiamsi non quadragensimus comprobatur.

But our Serenity has found a sure moderation. Accordingly we prescribe that, besides these 20 days which the august law has established, we add 20 others. And the form of all these shall be observed as follows: on whatever day within the added 20 days the matter shall have been fully pleaded, it shall be judged to have the reverence of the Sacred Auditory and to be the final one, even if it is not confirmed as the 40th.

quae idcirco ita custodienda sancimus, ne, si unius tantum observabitur dies, aut aegritudo iudicantis aut litigantis fuerit occupatio, recte praefinitum tempus interdum distulisse videatur. ideoque hanc reverentiam cunctis his, qui superadditi sunt, diebus statuendam esse censuimus, ut nihil postea excusationis occurrat. lapsos enim post hoc tempus reparationem praecipimus non habere: ac ne medio tempore officii colludium differat litigantem, viginti librarum auri multam praecipimus imminere, ut, si eorum culpa atque colludio, quos suggerendi cura constringit, negotium claruerit fuisse dilatum, praescriptae multae teneantur obnoxii.

Which therefore we sanction to be thus guarded, lest, if only a single day be observed, either the sickness of the judge or the occupation of the litigant should have intervened, it may seem that the rightly pre-defined time has sometimes been deferred. And therefore we have judged that this reverence is to be established for all the days which have been superadded, so that no excuse may afterward occur. For those who have lapsed after this time we command to have no reparation; and lest in the meantime the collusion of the office defer the litigant, we prescribe that a fine of twenty pounds of gold shall impend, so that, if through the fault and collusion of those whom the care of suggesting binds the business shall have been evident to have been delayed, they be held liable to the prescribed fine.

si in tot diebus utilitatibus suis non adfuerit litigator, cui adversus fiscum nostrum iurgium manet, emenso iam tempore nullius reparationis beneficium speret, solam fisco exsecutionem superesse iam noverit. (412 oct. 15).

if in so many days the litigant, who has a suit pending against our fisc, has not been present to his own interests, with the time now elapsed let him hope for the benefit of no reparation; let him now know that only execution remains to the fisc. (October 15, 412).

CTh.11.30.64.1

Theodosian Code 11.30.64.1

In contiguis quoque provinciis, in quibus quadraginta dies dedit antiquitas, sub simili condicione alios xxx dies iungi praecipimus, ut adiecti temporis spatium sub ea definitione custodiant et omni adiecto tempori sit dies ultimus, quocumque potuerit definiri. emenso tamen tempore litiganti reparationem penitus iussimus inhiberi. officium sane ad eandem multam praecipimus retineri, si eius dissimulatione actum esse constiterit, quominus negotium peroretur.

In the contiguous provinces as well, in which antiquity granted forty days, under a similar condition we order another 30 days to be joined, so that they may observe the span of the added time under that definition, and let there be a final day for all the added time, however it can be defined. with the time elapsed, however, we have ordered reparation to be entirely inhibited to the litigant. the office, to be sure, we order to be held to the same fine, if it has been established that by its dissimulation it has been brought about that the business is not brought to peroration.

dat. id. octob. ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss.

given on the ides of october at ravenna, in the consulship of the augusti honorius (9) and theodosius (5).

(412 oct. 15).

CTh.11.30.65

Idem aa. symmacho proconsuli africae. praescriptiones fori in principio a litigatoribus obponendas esse legum decrevit auctoritas nec ab interlocutionibus appellandum esse duxerunt. quod si quis id fecerit, praeiudicialem multam subire cogetur, quae priscis sanctionibus continetur.

The same Emperors, to Symmachus, proconsul of Africa. The authority of the laws decreed that the prescriptions of the forum are to be set forth at the beginning by the litigants, and they judged that there must not be an appeal from interlocutory rulings. But if anyone does this, he will be compelled to undergo a prejudicial fine, which is contained in the ancient sanctions is contained.

hac igitur lege sancimus, ut appellatio litigantium intra tempus iure praescriptum suscepta nectatur annalibus et promissa relatio intra xxx dies legibus definitos ad sacra scrinia destinetur. quam legem nisi in omnibus causis universorum iudicum et officiorum executio devota servaverit, statutum priscis sanctionibus multae modum ab his mox iubemus exculpi. dat.

Therefore by this law we sanction that the appeal of litigants, undertaken within the time prescribed by law, be bound into the annals, and that the promised relation be consigned to the sacred archives within 30 days defined by the laws. Unless dutiful execution shall have observed this law in all cases of all judges and offices, we order forthwith that the amount of the fine established by ancient sanctions be exacted from them. Given.

v kal. septemb. ravennae honorio x et theodosio vi aa. conss.

on the 5th day before the Kalends of September, at Ravenna
honorius 10 and theodosius 6, augusti, consuls.

(415 aug. 28).

CTh.11.30.66

Theodosian Code 11.30.66

Idem aa. monaxio praefecto praetorio. omnes, quorum in causis sententiae iudicum appellatione suspensae sunt, vel medio tempore transegisse demonstrent vel, si non transegerunt, consultationes eorum quantocius nostris auribus intimare cogantur, ut responsa legibus competentia mereantur, illa videlicet lege servanda, qua cavetur neminem litigantium post interpositam appellationem intra annum ad sacrum comitatum nostrae maiestatis accedere. dat.

The same Augusti, to Monaxius, Praetorian Prefect. All those, in whose cases the sentences of the judges have been suspended by an appellation, should either show that they have in the meantime settled,
or, if they have not settled, let them be compelled to intimate their consultations to our ears as soon as possible, in order that they may merit responses competent to the laws,
with that law, namely, being observed, by which it is provided that none of the litigants, after an interposed appellation, may approach the sacred comitatus of our Majesty within a year,
Given.

viii id. mart. constantinopoli monaxio et plinta conss. (419 mart.

8th day before the Ides of March, at constantinople, in the consulship of monaxius and plinta. (March 419.

8).

CTh.11.30.67

Codex Theodosianus 11.30.67

Idem aa. asclepiodoto praefecto praetorio. post alia: si appellationem oblatam, in qua vel tuae amplitudinis vel urbanae praefecturae sacrum auditorium postulatur, iudex non susceperit vel suscepta appellatione apostolorum copiam denegaverit, ad deponendam super hac iniquitate querimoniam nec non etiam conveniendum adversarium ex prolata sententia iuxta antiquum ius anni metas habeat litigator. vel si huiusmodi appellatio suscepta non fuerit, in qua inferiorum iudicum sacra desideratur auditio, ad haec eadem facienda sex menses habeat litigator.

The same Augusti to Asclepiodotus, Prefect of the Praetorium. after other matters: if the judge shall not have accepted an appeal presented, in which the sacred auditorium of either Your Amplitude or of the Urban Prefecture is demanded, or, the appeal having been accepted, shall have denied the supply of copies of the apostoli, the litigant shall have the bounds of a year, according to ancient law, to lay down a complaint concerning this injustice and also to convene the adversary on the basis of the pronounced sentence. or if an appeal of this kind shall not have been accepted, in which the sacred hearing of the inferior judges is desired, let the litigant have six months to do these same things.

si vero arbiter appellationem suscipere aut relationem dare contempserit, quattuor mensum tempora observentur. ut his quae statuimus actitatis pareat appellator temporibus, quae de appellationibus definita noscuntur. et cetera.

if indeed the arbiter should contemn to receive the appellation or to give the relation, a period of four months shall be observed.
so that the appellant may obey the times of action which we have established, which are known to have been defined concerning appellations. and the rest.

dat. iii kal. april.

given 3 days before the Kalends of April.

constantinopoli asclepiodoto et mariniano conss. (423 mart. 30).

At Constantinople, under the consuls Asclepiodotus and Marinianus (423 March 30).

CTh.11.30.68

Theodosian Code 11.30.68

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. celeri suo salutem. in privatae rei causis praeter pensionum et competitionum negotia de ceteris titulis ex appellatione a rationalis iudicio proconsulem oportet cognoscere.

The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian, Augusti, to their own Celer, greeting. In causes of private property, apart from the business of pensions and of competitions, as to the other headings, on appeal from the judgment of the Rationalis, the Proconsul ought to take cognizance.

salva enim nostrae reverentia maiestatis ius nobis cum privatis non dedignamur esse commune. dat. v kal.

for with the reverence of our majesty preserved, we do not disdain that the law be common to us with private persons.
Given on the 5th day before the Kalends.

mart. ravennae post cons. felicis et tauri vv. cc. (429 febr.

mar. at Ravenna, after the consulship of Felix and Taurus, most distinguished men (429 febr.

25).

CTh.11.31.0. De reparationibus appellationum

CTh.11.31.0. On the restoration of appeals

CTh.11.31.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. si possessor in iudicio superatus provocationis auxilio se defenderit et temporibus fuerit evolutus, intra mensem tertium redintegrari sibi exhaustum postulet spatium.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Mamertinus, Prefect of the Praetorium. If a possessor, having been overcome in judgment, has defended himself by the aid of a provocation (appeal) and the time-limits have rolled by, let him, within the third month, request that the span exhausted be restored to himself.

id ni fecerit, dictam in eum volumus manere sententiam. similis etiam ratio ex iudicio magistratuum esse debebit, tamen ut in eo artiores metae temporum serventur; intra xxx enim illic dies reparationem poterit adipisci, ne sententiam impositam rerum effectus competens subsequatur. dat.

If he does not do that, we will that the pronounced sentence remain against him. A similar rule also ought to obtain from the judgment of magistrates, yet in that case stricter bounds of times are to be observed; for within 30 days in that instance he will be able to obtain reparation, lest a fitting effect upon the things follow the imposed sentence. Given.

id. octob. veronae divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 oct.

the Ides of October, at Verona, under the consuls the deified Jovian and Varronianus. (October 364

15).

CTh.11.31.2

Theodosian Code 11.31.2

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. etsi post iteratum temporis lapsum nulli reparationem praescriptio legis indulgeat, tamen his iuris beneficia subveniunt, quorum non studio aut culpa, sed aegritudo iudicis vel rei publicae interveniens negotium, ne persequerentur, obstiterit. dat.

The same emperors to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Although after a renewed lapse of time the prescription of the law grants reparation to no one, nevertheless to these
the benefits of the law come to the aid, of those whose case, not through their own diligence or fault, but because the sickness of the judge or the business of the commonwealth intervened, was prevented from being pursued,
it stood in the way. Given.

xiiii kal. mart. mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

on the 14th day before the Kalends of March, at Milan, when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls.

(365 febr. 16).

(365 Feb. 16).

CTh.11.31.3

Theodosian Code 11.31.3

Idem aa. ad olybrium praefectum urbi. si in sacrae cognitionis examine audientiam necessitas publica vel aegritudo iudicis abnegaverit, intra tres menses reparatio postuletur atque in adversariorum notitiam impetrata reparatio perferatur. ac ni utrumque intra hos tres menses fuerit effectum, sententia, quam appellator provocatione suspenderat, convalescat.

The same Augusti to Olybrius, prefect of the city. If, in the examination of the sacred cognizance, public necessity or the sickness of the judge has denied a hearing, within three months a restoration shall be requested, and, the restoration having been obtained, it shall be conveyed into the knowledge of the adversaries. And unless both things have been effected within these three months, the sentence which the appellant had suspended by provocation shall regain validity.

quotiens vero a magistratibus pedaneisque iudicibus dicta sententia appellatione suspenditur, super qua disceptatio non auditorii sacri, sed ordinariorum iudicum cognitione tractanda est cuique duo ad peragendum menses causarum urgentium conclusione tribuuntur, si forte sine appellatoris studio praedictus lapsus inciderit, intra xxx dies reparatio postuletur. dat. xiiii kal.

Whenever, however, a sentence pronounced by magistrates and pedane judges is suspended by an appeal, the disceptation over which is to be handled not by the hearing of the Sacred Audience, but by the cognition of the ordinary judges,
two months are granted to each for accomplishing, with the conclusion of urgent causes; if perchance the aforesaid lapse has occurred without the appellant’s effort, let restoration be requested within 30 days.
Given on the 14th before the kalends.

april. treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (368?

april. at trier, valentinian and valens, the augusti, consuls. (368?

370? mart. 19).

370? Mar. 19).

CTh.11.31.4

Theodosian Code 11.31.4

Idem aa. et gratianus a. ad olybrium praefectum urbi. si qui ex iustis causis, quae divorum parentum nostrorum constitutionibus comprehensae sunt, per occupationem eius iudicis, qui est in sacro auditorio cogniturus, ad reparationis possunt beneficium pertinere, trium mensum tempus in utroque custodiant, scilicet ut priusquam id possit elabi, et redintegrent evoluta curricula et redintegrata denuntient aut certe cavillatione submota his quae statuta sunt obsecundent. dat.

The same Augusti and Gratian Augustus to Olybrius, Prefect of the City. If any persons, for just causes which are comprised in the constitutions of our deified parents, can pertain, by reason of the occupation of that judge who is to hear in the sacred auditorium, to the benefit of reparation, let them observe a term of three months in either case—namely, before it can slip away, either let them renew the elapsed cycles and give notice that they have been renewed, or else, with cavillation removed, comply with the things that have been established by statute. Given.

xiii kal. iul. altaripa valentiniano n. p. et victore conss.

June 19, at Altaripa, in the consulship of Valentinian n. p. and Victor, consuls.

(369 iun. 19).

(369 June 19).

CTh.11.31.5

Theodosian Code 11.31.5

Idem aaa. ad olybrium praefectum urbi. in speculis agat is, adversus quem in sacro auditorio causa reparanda est et, an intra tres menses reparationem adversarius mereatur, exploret ac statutum scitis triumphalibus diem sedulus in iudiciis litigator observet.

The same Augusti to Olybrius, Prefect of the City. Let that man keep watch, against whom in the sacred audience hall the case is to be repaired, and let him explore whether the adversary merits reparation within three months and let the litigant, assiduous in the courts, observe the day set by the triumphal enactments.

incumbat quoque appellatori cura, ut, si adversarius ex loco, quem habitare consuevit, forte subterfugiat, pergat cum officio publico hominique eius, quem in loco reppererit, conventionem tradat ad adversarium perferendam idque ita gestum esse curator aut magistratus rescripti publici vel actorum testificatione confirmet. quibus impletis si is, cuius conventio curata est, iudicium obire neglexerit, ferat hanc desidiae contumaciaeque multam, ut urguens negotium ipso quoque absente dicatur diligentique iudicantis examine sententia proferatur ea, quam aequitatis ratio et iuris praescripta dictaverint. dat.

let care also fall upon the appellant, that, if the adversary should by chance slip away from the place which he is accustomed to inhabit, let him proceed with a public official, and to his man whom he shall have found in the place let him deliver the summons to be conveyed to the adversary, and let a curator or magistrate confirm that this has been done thus by the attestation of a public rescript or of the records. these things being fulfilled, if he whose summons has been cared for has neglected to appear for the trial, let him bear this penalty of sloth and contumacy: that the urgent business be pleaded even with him himself absent, and by the careful examination of the judge the sentence be pronounced, that which the principle of equity and the prescriptions of law shall have dictated. given.

xviii kal. sept. altino valentiniano et valente iiii aa. conss.

august 15, at altinum, in the 4th consulships of valentinian and valens, the augusti.

(373

[370] aug. 15).

[370] Aug. 15).

CTh.11.31.6 [=brev.11.9.1]

Theodosian Code 11.31.6 [= Breviary 11.9.1]

Impp. valent. et valens aa. ad modestum pf. p. reparatis intra mensem tertium ex priore lege temporibus, in notitiam hoc ipsum adversarii per denuntiationem ex more celebrandam iubemus sine dilatione perferri; scilicet ut, interiectorum spatiorum dinumeratione servata, ad debitum partes iudicium revertantur.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Modestus, Prefect of the Praetorium: after the time-limits have been restored within the third month in accordance with the earlier law, we order that this very matter be conveyed without delay into the adversary’s knowledge through a denuntiation to be performed according to custom; namely, that, with the reckoning of the interposed intervals observed, the parties return to the due judgment.

quod si is, cui reparata sunt tempora, ultra dinumerationem crediderit differendum, lata adversus eum sententia roboretur, atque in exsecutionem semel iudicata ducantur. dat. vi. id. dec.

But if he, for whom the periods have been restored, shall have believed it should be deferred beyond the reckoning, let the sentence delivered against him be strengthened, and let the things once adjudged be brought into execution. Given on December 8.

constantinopoli, valentin. et valente iv. aa. coss.

at constantinople, valentinian and valens 4., augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. lex ista hoc praecipit, ut, si quis videtur iniuste in causa sua victus, reparatis ante tertium mensem temporibus, quae appellationi videntur fuisse concessa, statim hoc ipsum in adversarii sui notitiam deducere procuret, et intra tempora, quae appellationi constituta sunt, de hoc ipso negotio is, qui appellavit, ut sibi credit competere, agere non moretur. quod si facere neglexerit, sententia, quae adversus eum lata fuerat, perseveret, et data exsecutione in omnibus compleatur

interpretation. this law prescribes this, that, if anyone seems to have been unjustly defeated in his own cause, with the time-limits restored before the third month, which seem to have been granted for appeal, he should at once procure to bring this very thing into the notice of his adversary, and within the times which for appeal are constituted, let the one who has appealed not delay to act in this very matter, as he believes to be competent to himself. but if he shall have neglected to do this, the sentence, which had been delivered against him, shall persist, and, execution being given, be completed in all respects

CTh.11.31.7

Theodosian Code 11.31.7

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad siburium praefectum praetorio.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, augusti, to siburius, praetorian prefect.

si possessor primis dicendi negotii temporibus excussus intra tres menses instaurationem non potuerit postulare ob id, quod copiam ad iudicia veniendi hostis obsaepserat, iuris beneficium eiusmodi occasione non perdat sitque depulsis perduellionibus haec prima litium rerumque reparatio, ut, cum primum adiri potuerit sacrae cognitionis auditor, cognitis causis praesidium amissae instaurationis indulgeat. dat. iii non.

if a possessor, having been dispossessed at the earliest times of pleading the case, has not been able within three months to request an instauration because an enemy had blocked the opportunity of coming to the courts, let him not lose the benefit of the law on account of such an occasion; and, with the rebellions repelled, let this be the first restoration of suits and of property: that, as soon as the auditor of the sacred cognition can be approached, once the causes are known, he should grant protection for the missed instauration. given on the 3rd before the nones.

dec. treviris auxonio et olybrio conss. (379 dec.

dec., at Trier, Ausonius and
Olybrius, consuls. (379 dec.

3).

CTh.11.31.8

Theodosian Code 11.31.8

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. victorio proconsuli asiae.

the emperors theodosius, arcadius and honorius, augusti, to victorius, proconsul of asia.

quotienscumque in his negotiis, quibus aliqui ad curiam devocantur, primus temporum lapsus inciderit, intra xxx dies sub ea definitione, qua cautum est, reparatio postuletur et petitae reparationis tenor in adversae partis notitiam perferatur. dat. viii kal.

as often as in these affairs, by which some are called to the Curia,
the first lapse of times shall have occurred, within 30 days, under that definition by which it has been provided, let reparation be demanded, and the tenor of the requested reparation be carried to the notice of the adverse party. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

mai. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss. (392 apr.

may. at constantinople arcadius augustus 2 and rufinus, consuls. (392 apr.

24).

CTh.11.31.9

Codex Theodosianus 11.31.9

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. asclepiodoto praefecto praetorio. post alia: appellatoribus, qui praefinito tempore iudicia non observaverint, haec tempora custodienda sunt, ut, si contra arbitri definitionem fuerit appellatum lapsumque provocator incurrerit, tempora priscis statuta legibus observentur: secunda reparatione, quam provocanti ab arbitro serenitas nostra concedit, in ea quidem provincia in qua iurgium ventilatur et in contigua tres menses, in ulteriore autem quattuor menses habitura; si vero sententiam iudicis provocatio obiecta suspenderit, cum sacri cognitoris tribunal appellatur, post lapsum ad primam reparationem petendam tribus mensibus statuendis, si in eadem vel proxima provincia eius adversarius commoretur, quattuor vero, si in ulteriore consistet.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Asclepiodotus, Praetorian Prefect. After other things: to appellants who shall not have observed the judgments within the pre-fixed time, these periods are to be kept,
that, if there has been an appeal against the definition of an arbiter and the appellant shall have incurred a lapse, the periods established by ancient statutes are to be observed: for the second reparation, which our Serenity grants to the appellant from the arbiter, it shall have three months in the province in which the quarrel is ventilated and in the contiguous one, but in the ulterior province four months;
but if the sentence of a judge has been suspended by an appeal interposed, when the tribunal of the sacred cognitor is appealed to, after the lapse there shall be set three months for seeking the first reparation, if his adversary is dwelling in the same or neighboring province, but four if he is situated in an ulterior one.

in secunda vero reparatione, quam a iudice appellantibus serenitas nostra praestare consuevit, illi quidem, qui post lapsum intra tres quattuorve menses, sicut statuimus, non poposcerit reparationem ab eo, cui sacri auditorii cognitio debetur, transacto dierum spatio designato tres alios menses indulsimus ad impetrandum allegandumque rescriptum et ad conveniendos eos, quos pulsat intentio; ita tamen, ut tam in prima quam in secunda reparatione, sicut iam diximus, causae idoneae comprobentur, hoc est aegritudo vel occupatio actuum publicorum aliaque necessitas, quam iudex aut litigator diferre non potuit, vel si negotii patronus cognitis adsertionibus temporali die adesse non potuit. clarum autem fieri volumus post secundam reparationem aliam ulterius nullo modo posse deposci et in omnibus reparationum generibus formam custodiri, quam super his dedimus, qui se, ne conveniantur, ex reparatione subtraxerint. dat.

in the second
however, reparation, which our Serenity is accustomed to grant to appellants from the judge, that person indeed, who after the lapse within three or four
months, as we have decreed, shall not have demanded reparation from him to whom the cognizance of the sacred auditorium is owed, after the designated span of days has passed, we have granted three
other months for obtaining and alleging a rescript and for convening those whom the intention assails; provided, however, that both in
the first and in the second reparation, as we have already said, suitable causes be proven, that is, sickness or occupation with public acts and another necessity, which the judge or the litigant could not defer, or if the patron of the suit, once the assertions were known, could not be present on the appointed day.
we wish it to be made clear, moreover, that after the second reparation another can by no means be demanded further, and that in all kinds of reparations the form be kept which we have laid down concerning those who have withdrawn themselves by a reparation so as not to be convened. given.

iii kal. april. constantinopoli asclepiodoto et mariniano conss.

march 30. at constantinople, asclepiodotus and marinianus, consuls.

(423 mart. 30).

(March 30, 423).

CTh.11.32.0. De secundo lapsu

CTh.11.32.0. On the second lapse

CTh.11.32.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad volusianum praefectum urbi. si culpa iudicis gemino lapsu causa fuerit evoluta, iuxta divi constantini praeceptum ipse ad redhibitionem eius aestimationis, quanto res valet, de qua iurgium est, debet adtineri.

the emperors valentinian and valens, augusti, to volusianus, prefect of the city. if through the judge’s fault, by a twin lapse, the case shall have been unrolled, in accordance with the precept of the divine constantine he himself ought to be held to the redhibition of its estimation—namely, to the extent the thing is worth—about which the litigation is.

dat. iii non. septemb.

Dated September 3.

mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 sept. [?] 3).

at milan, valentinian and valens, augusti, consuls. (365 sept. [?] 3).

CTh.11.33.0. De dilationibus ex consensu

CTh.11.33.0. On adjournments by consent

CTh.11.33.1

Theodosian Code 11.33.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. africano praefecto urbi. cognitiones omnes quotiens consensu partium differuntur, ultra duos menses differendi non habeant potestatem, ne paulatim libera dilatione concessa aetates plerumque iurgantium veternosis litibus consenescant.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Africanus, Prefect of the City. All hearings, whenever they are deferred by the consent of the parties, shall not have the power of deferring beyond two months,
lest, with free dilation granted little by little, the ages of the litigants for the most part grow old in lethargic lawsuits.

dat. iii kal. mai.

Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of May.

constantinopoli arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 apr. 29).

at constantinople, arcadius for the 4th and honorius for the 3rd, augusti, consuls. (396 apr. 29).

CTh.11.34.0. De his, qui per metum iudicis non appellaverunt

CTh.11.34.0. Concerning those who, through fear of the judge, did not appeal

CTh.11.34.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad universos provinciales. in insulam deportandi sunt cum amissione omnium facultatum, quae fisco addicendae sunt, ii, qui provocatione omissa litem reparare temptaverint contra comitum ceterorumque sententias qui vice nostra iudicaverint, firmantes se per metum appellationis omisisse auxilium.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to all provincials. They are to be deported to an island with the loss of all their means, which are to be adjudged to the fisc, those who, with the provocation (appeal) omitted, shall have tried to revive the lawsuit against the sentences of the counts and of the others who have judged in our stead, affirming that through fear they omitted the aid of an appeal.

in qua re vel nostrum vel praefectorum praetorio ex nostra erit iussione iudicium. dat. kal.

in this matter, either our judgment or that of the praetorian prefects will be by our command.
Given, on the Kalends.

aug. proposita kal. sept.

at Augusta, published on the Kalends of September.

basso et ablavio conss. (331 aug. 1).

Bassus and Ablavius, consuls. (August 1, 331).

CTh.11.34.2

Theodosian Code 11.34.2

Imp. constantius a. ad volusianum praefectum praetorio. si a praefecto urbi vel a proconsule fuerit dicta sententia eandemque provocatio minime fuerit subsecuta, praesidium postulare fas erit imminente iudicum metu territos se esse firmantibus.

Emperor Constantius Augustus to Volusianus, Praetorian Prefect. If a sentence has been pronounced by the Prefect of the City or by a Proconsul, and an appeal has in no way followed the same,
it shall be lawful to request protection, for those affirming that, with the fear of the judges impending, they were terrified.

nam quicumque necessitatis huiuscemodi laqueis beneficio meo eximi postulaverit, aut per me cognoscam aut excellentiae tuae impertiam notionem, hac videlicet condicione, qua vicariorum sententiae, quas appellatio non suspenderit, ex divi patris mei sanctione retractantur. cum vero consularium ac praesidum aliorumve sententiae in querimoniam deducentur, prioris legis statuta sectanda sunt, quae similiter certo terrore proposito auxilium postulantibus detulit. dat.

for whoever shall have sought to be taken out by my benefit from the snares of necessity of this kind, either I will take cognizance myself or I will impart notice to your Excellency, namely on this condition, that the sentences of the vicars, which an appeal has not suspended, are reconsidered by virtue of the sanction of my deified father. but when the sentences of consulars and of presidents and of others are brought into complaint, the statutes of the prior law are to be followed, which likewise, with a certain terror set forth, conferred aid upon those requesting it. Given.

kal. ian. mediolano arbitione et lolliano conss.

on the kalends of january at milan, in the consulship of arbitio and lollianus.

(355 ian. 1).

(355 Jan. 1).

CTh.11.35.0. [=brev.11.10.0.] Si pendente appellatione mors intervenerit.

CTh.11.35.0. [=brev.11.10.0.] If, with an appeal pending, death has intervened.

CTh.11.35.1 [=brev.11.10.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad bassum pf. p. post alia: consulentibus iudicibus, si debeant, quum de appellatione cognoscunt, litigatoris heredibus, qui ante lapsum negotium in lite defecit, nova tempora prorogare, an eos cogere, intra dies reliquos, etiam incognitum negotium perorare, placuit, quum de appellationibus iudicatur, altero ex litigatoribus in lite defuncto menses quattuor* innovare, et nova tempora prorogari, ne ignorantes negotia vel etiam super adeunda hereditate dubitantes prius, quam aliquod commodum sentiant, damnis affici compellantur. dat.

The Emperor Constantine Augustus to Bassus, Praetorian Prefect. after other things: As judges consult whether, when they are taking cognizance about an appeal, they ought to prorogue new periods to the litigator’s heirs, he who died in the suit before the case had lapsed, or to compel them, within the remaining days, to plead even an unknown matter through to peroration, it has pleased that, when appeals are adjudicated, with one of the litigants having died in the suit, four months be renewed, and that new periods be prorogated, lest those ignorant of the matters or even doubting about entering upon the inheritance be compelled to be afflicted with losses before they perceive any benefit. Given.

xiii. kal. iun.

May 20.

sirmio, crispo ii. et constantino ii. caess. coss.

sirmium, crispus 2 and constantine 2, caesars, consuls.

interpretatio. si pendente adhuc appellatione mors intervenerit litigatoris appellantis, heredibus eius, qui appellavit, quattuor* menses ei, cuius auctor mortuus est, ad tractandum negotium debere praestari, nec eum debere ad dicendam causam praecipitari, ne per ignorantiam litis, quam non ad integrum tractavit, damnum videatur incurrere

interpretation. if, while the appeal is still pending, death intervenes of the litigant who is appealing, to the heirs of him who appealed, four* months
to the one whose predecessor has died, ought to be afforded for handling the business, nor ought he to be precipitated to plead the cause, lest through
ignorance of the litigation, which he has not handled in its entirety, he appear to incur loss

CTh.11.36.0. Quorum appellationes non recipiantur

CTh.11.36.0. Whose appeals are not to be received

CTh.11.36.1 [=brev.11.11.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad catulinum. moratorias dilationes frustratoriasque non tam appellationes quam ludificationes admitti non convenit.

the emperor constantine augustus to catulinus. it is not fitting that moratory and frustratory delays, not so much appeals as mockeries, be admitted.

nam sicut bene appellantibus negari auxilium non oportet, ita his, contra quos merito iudicatum est, inaniter provocantibus differri bene gesta non decet. unde quum homicidam vel adulterum vel maleficum vel veneficum, quae atrocissima crimina sunt, confessio propria vel dilucida et probatissima veritatis quaestio probationibus atque argumentis detexerit, provocationes suscipi non oportet, quas constat non refutandi spem habere, quae gesta sunt, sed ea potius differre tentare. qui de variis litibus causisque dissentiunt, nec temere, nec ab articulis praeiudiciisque, nec ab his, quae iuste iudicata sunt, provocare debebunt.

for just as aid ought not to be denied to those who appeal well, so it is not fitting that well-performed actions be deferred for those who, against whom judgment has deservedly been rendered, are appealing vainly. wherefore, when a murderer or an adulterer or a malefactor or a poisoner—which are most atrocious crimes—has been uncovered either by his own confession or by a clear and most well-proved inquiry into the truth, by proofs and arguments, appeals ought not to be entertained, which are agreed to have no hope of refuting the things that have been done, but rather to attempt to defer them. those who dissent about various lawsuits and causes ought not to appeal either rashly, or from the points and prejudgments, or from those things that have been justly judged.

quod si reus in homicidii vel maleficii vel adulterii vel veneficii crimine partem pro defensione sui ex testibus quaestioneque proposita possit arripere, parte vero obrui accusarique videatur, tunc super interposita appellatione ab eodem, qui sibi magis, quae pro se faciant, testimonia prodesse debere affirmat, quam ea, quae adversus ipsum egerint, nocere, deliberationi nostrae plenum arbitrium relinquatur. dat. iii.

But if the defendant, on a charge of homicide or malefice or adultery or venefice (poisoning), can seize upon a portion for his own defense from the witnesses and the inquest set forth, yet in another part seems to be overborne and accused, then, upon the appeal interposed by that same man—who affirms that the testimonies which make in his favor ought to benefit him more than those which have acted against him ought to harm—let full discretion be left to our deliberation. Given on the 3rd.

non. nov. treviris.

the nones of november, at trier.

acc. xv. kal. mai.

received on the 15th day before the Kalends of May.

hadrumeti, volusiano et anniano coss.

at Hadrumetum, in the consulship of Volusianus and Annianus.

interpretatio. in civilibus causis vel levioribus criminibus, quae legibus non tenentur inserta, appellationi constituta legibus dilatio praestanda est, et suspendenda est per appellationem sententia iudicantis. at vero homicidis, adulteris et reliquis, quos lex ista comprehendit, si convicti confessique fuerint et appellare voluerint, dilatio denegetur, sed statim in manifestis criminibus convicti iudicis est sententia proferenda, aut certe de magnis criminibus et maioribus personis ad principis est notitiam deferendum

interpretation. In civil causes or in lighter crimes, which are not contained in the laws, a delay for an appeal constituted by the laws must be afforded, and the judge’s sentence must be suspended through the appeal. But indeed for murderers, adulterers and the rest, whom this law comprehends, if they shall have been convicted and have confessed and wish to appeal, let delay be denied, but at once in manifest crimes it is the judge’s part to pronounce sentence upon the convicted, or at any rate, in great crimes and with greater persons, it is to be referred to the emperor’s notice

CTh.11.36.2

Theodosian Code 11.36.2

Idem a. ad volusianum praefectum urbi. qui a praeiudicio appellaverit vel ab executoribus rerum antea statutarum atque alterius auditorii praepropere iudicia poposcerit, xxx follium poena multetur, ita ut omnem causam ipse sine dilatione discingas, quippe cum et causam tuam videaris esse facturus, si per coniventiam huiusmodi appellationem admiseris. si quas sane de omni causa interpositas esse provocationes perspexeris, in earum disceptatione observare debebis, quod iam pridem a nobis est evidentissime constitutum.

The same Augustus to Volusianus, Prefect of the City. Whoever has appealed from a prejudgment, or from the executors of matters previously decreed, and has over-hastily demanded the judgments of another tribunal, let him be mulcted with a penalty of 30 folles,
such that you yourself dispose of every case without delay, since you will seem to be making it your own case if by connivance you admit an appeal of this sort.
If indeed you perceive that appeals have been interposed in any matter, you must observe in their adjudication what has long since been most clearly established by us.

proposita v kal. mart. romae constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss.

posted
on the 5th day before the Kalends of March at Rome, in the consulship of Constantine Augustus for the 4th time and Licinius for the 4th time.

(315 febr. 25).

(February 25, 315).

CTh.11.36.3

Theodosian Code 11.36.3

Idem a. ad aelianum proconsulem africae. cum antehac lege de appellationibus data statutum sit, ne quis a praeiudicio vel ab executione interponeret provocationem neve huiusmodi appellatio ab his, qui vice nostra iudicant, admittatur, ne in perniciem plurimorum interpositis a praeiudicio appellationibus vel moratoriis quibusdam frustrationibus interiectis litigia protrahantur, tamen nunc poenam addi placuit, ut intellegant universi principalis negotii disceptatione causas suas munire debere et non ab ipsis quodammodo primae interlocutionis exordiis vel ab executionibus provocare, cum et illis, qui impatienter ab articulo appellandum putaverint, post cognitionem totius causae liceat appellare et his, qui sero ab exsecutionibus provocant, facultas appellandi minime fuerit denegata. si quis igitur tali usus appellatione fuerit in tuo iudicio deprehensus, ipsum quidem xxx follium poena multes, causam autem universam, eius dumtaxat, qui a praeiudicio vel ab executione temere appellaverit, sine ulla dilatione discingas, cum in nostro auditorio dari minime dilationem oporteat, interpositae appellationis tempore sufficiente litigatoribus ad perferendam instructionem plenissimam.

The same Augustus to Aelianus, proconsul of Africa. Since previously, by a law concerning appeals, it was established that no one should interpose an appeal from a prejudgment or from an execution, and that an appeal of this kind should not be admitted by those who judge in our stead, lest, to the ruin of very many, lawsuits be prolonged by appeals interposed from prejudgment or by certain moratory frustrations thrown in, nevertheless it has now pleased that a penalty be added, so that all may understand they ought to fortify their causes by the disputation of the principal matter, and not to appeal, as it were, from the very first beginnings of an interlocution or from executions; since both to those who have impatiently thought that one must appeal from the point at issue it is permitted to appeal after cognition of the whole case, and to those who appeal late from executions the faculty of appealing has by no means been denied. If, therefore, anyone making use of such an appeal shall be detected in your court, you shall fine the man himself with a penalty of 30 folles; but the whole case—of him only who shall have rashly appealed from prejudgment or from execution—you shall decide without any delay, since in our auditorium delay ought by no means to be granted, the time of the interposed appeal being sufficient for the litigants to carry through the most complete instruction.

proposita vi kal. mai. karthagine constantino a. vii et constantio caes.

posted on the 6th day before the Kalends of May (26 April) at Carthage, under Constantine, Augustus, for the 7th time, and Constantius, Caesar.

conss. (320/6

consuls. (320/6

[313] apr. 26).

[313] Apr. 26).

CTh.11.36.4

Theodosian Code 11.36.4

Impp. constantius et constans aa. ad catullinum. oportuerat te publici instituti respectu confessione detectos legum severitate punire nec frustra vitam differentum moratorias provocationes admittere, sed delatum adulterii crimen et quaestionibus athibitis adprobatum pari sceleri immanitate damnare.

the emperors constantius and constans, augusti, to catullinus. it had been fitting for you, with respect to public discipline, to punish those uncovered by confession with the severity of the laws, and not to admit moratory appeals of those who futilely defer their life, but to condemn the charge of adultery, when brought and proved with examinations applied, with a brutality equal to the crime.

quod deinceps in huiusmodi criminibus convenit observari, ut manifestis probationibus adulterio probato frustratoria provocatio minime admittatur, cum pari similique ratione sacrilegos nuptiarum tamquam manifestos parricidas insuere culleo vivos vel exurere iudicantem oporteat. dat. iiii kal.

What must henceforth be observed in crimes of this sort is that, when adultery has been proved by manifest proofs, a dilatory appeal is not at all to be admitted, since by an equal and similar reasoning it is proper for the judge to sew alive into a culleus the sacrilegious violators of marriage, as manifest parricides, or to burn them. Given on the 4th day before the Kalends.

sept. constantio a. ii et constante caes. conss.

September, when Constantius Augustus for the 2nd time and Constans Caesar were consuls.

(339 aug. 29).

(339 Aug. 29).

CTh.11.36.5

Theodosian Code 11.36.5

Idem aa. ad albinum vicarium hispaniarum. cum maior substantia litigii sit, a praeiudicio provocans xxx librarum argenti pondere plectatur: in minoribus etiam negotiis quindecim pondo argenti exsolvat. dat.

The same Augusti to Albinus, vicar of the Spains. When the greater substance of the litigation is at stake, one appealing from a preliminary judgment is to be punished with the weight of 30 pounds of silver; in lesser matters as well, let him pay fifteen pounds of silver. Given.

vii id. april. marcellino et probino conss. (341 apr.

April 7. In the consulship of Marcellinus and Probinus. (341 apr.

7).

CTh.11.36.6

Theodosian Code 11.36.6

Idem aa. ad leontium. in civilibus causis appellationis beneficium saepe sanximus non oportere differri. in fiscalibus vero vel rei privatae causis, hoc est ob debitum rennuendum vel munera respuenda, si quis appellare voluerit contra utilitatem fisci vel rei privatae, appellationem oblatam cessare oportet nec libellos huiusmodi suscipi, qui in damna fiscalia commodum sententiae latae aut dilatione suspendant aut terrore detorqueant.

The same emperors to Leontius. In civil causes we have often sanctioned that the benefit of appeal ought not to be deferred. In fiscal causes, however, or in causes of the Private Estate,
that is, for the sake of refusing a debt or rejecting public burdens, if anyone should wish to appeal against the interest of the fisc or of the Private Estate,
the appeal presented must cease, nor should petitions of this sort be received, which, to fiscal detriment, either suspend the advantage of the judgment rendered by delay or wrench it away by intimidation.

dat. v id. mai. antiochiae constantio iii et constante ii aa. conss.

given on the 5th day before the ides of may at antioch, when constantius for the 3rd time and constans for the 2nd, the augusti, were consuls.

(342 mai. 11).

(342 May 11).

CTh.11.36.7

Theodosian Code 11.36.7

Idem aa. ad hieroclen consularem syriae coeles. observare curabis, ne quis homicidarum veneficorum maleficorum adulterorum itemque raptorum argumento convictus, teste superatus, voce etiam propria vitium scelusque confessus audiatur appellans. ut enim aequum est non convictos neque confessos, quia plerumque accidit, ut fortuna iudicii argumenta conglutinet, quorum similitudine opprimatur reus qui non possit vera ratione convinci, vel adversarii calliditas testes subtrahat, qui veritatem audacia vel acrimonia superet, vel confessos neque convictos, quod saepe vel repentinae formidinis vel impositorum tormentorum cogit immanitas, uti in appellando ceteris etiam rei iure communi: ita et aliena et propria voce depressum non oportet, quod contempserit aequitatem ac moram tantum usurpandae lucis indebitae rursus importunitates arripere.

The same Augusti to Hierocles, consular of Coele Syria. You will take care to observe that no one of the homicides, poisoners, malefactors, adulterers, and likewise ravishers, convicted by proof, overcome by a witness, and even by his own voice having confessed the fault and the crime, be heard as appealing. For just as it is equitable that those not convicted nor confessed—since it very often happens that the fortune of a judgment glues together evidences by the likeness of which a defendant is overwhelmed who cannot be convicted by true reasoning, or the adversary’s cleverness withdraws witnesses, who overcomes truth by boldness or sharpness—or those confessed yet not convicted—because the brutality of sudden fear or of tortures imposed often compels it—make use, in appealing, of the common right of defendants with the others: so also one cast down by another’s and by his own voice ought not, because he has despised fairness and the mere delay of usurping unowed light, to seize upon importunities again.

dat. v id. dec. leontio et sallustio conss.

dated december 9, in the consulship of leontius and sallustius.

(344 dec. 9).

(December 9, 344).

CTh.11.36.8 [=brev.11.11.2]

Theodosian Code 11.36.8 [= Breviary 11.11.2]

Impp. constantius et constans aa. theodoro consulari syriae coeles. in fiscalibus debitis nullius provocationem tua gravitas censeat admittendam.

The emperors Constantius and Constans, Augusti, to Theodorus, consularis of Coele Syria. In fiscal debts, let your Gravity judge that the provocation (appeal) of no one is to be admitted.

nec enim commodum publicum fas est diuturna frustratione suspendi, nec eludendi licentiam callidis fraudatoribus relaxari. dat. viii.

for neither is it right that the public utility be suspended by prolonged frustration, nor that the license of evasion be relaxed to crafty defrauders. given on the 8.

id. mart. ancyrae, rufino et eusebio coss.

on the ides of march at ancyra, in the consulship of rufinus and eusebius.

interpretatio. in manifestis fiscalibus debitis nulli penitus appellationem debere praestari, quia non oportet publicae rei commodum qualibet dilatione suspendi

interpretation. in manifest fiscal debts no appeal at all ought to be afforded to anyone, because it is not proper for the advantage of the public interest to be suspended by any delay whatsoever

CTh.11.36.9

Idem aa. ad cerealem praefectum urbi. calliditatis auxilio perspicui debitores rei privatae nostrae solutionem cupiunt evitare frustratoriis provocationibus interpositis. ideoque decrevimus minime convenire huiuscemodi vocem appellationis admitti.

The same Augusti to Cerealis, Urban Prefect. With the aid of cunning, manifest debtors to our Private Estate seek to evade payment by the interposition of frustratory appeals. Therefore we have decreed that it is by no means fitting that an appellation of this kind be admitted.

dat. x kal. aug.

Dated on the 10th day before the Kalends of August.

constantio a. vi et constante c. conss. (353 iul. 23).

under Constantius Augustus for the 6th time and Constans Caesar, consuls. (353 jul. 23).

CTh.11.36.10

Idem aa. ad proclianum proconsulem africae. placuit quinquaginta pondo argenti fisco inferre prudentiam tuam, si frustratoriam provocationem contra commodum fisci susceperis solutionemque vitanti praebueris culpabilem coniventiam. dat.

The same Augusti to Proclianus, proconsul of Africa. It has seemed good that Your Prudence pay into the fisc fifty pounds of silver, if you have undertaken a frustratory
appeal against the advantage of the fisc and have afforded culpable connivance to one avoiding payment. Given.

xv kal. feb. constantinopoli; acc.

15 days before the Kalends of February, at Constantinople; received.

x kal. aug. karthagine constantio a. vii et constante caes.

July 23, at Carthage, in the consulship of Constantius Augustus for the 7th time and Constans Caesar.

conss. (354 [360?] ian. 18).

consuls. (354 [360?] Jan. 18).

CTh.11.36.11

Theodosian Code 11.36.11

Idem aa. ad lollianum praefectum praetorio. ab exsecutione vel a praeiudicio appellationem oblatam suscipi non oportet. dat.

the same augusti to lollianus, praetorian prefect. an appeal offered from execution or from a prejudgment ought not to be received. given.

viii kal. aug. arbitione et lolliano conss.

8 days before the Kalends of August, in the consulship of Arbitio and Lollianus.

(355 iul. 25).

(355 July 25).

CTh.11.36.12

Idem aa. ad volusianum praefectum praetorio. publica utilitate suadente in causis pensitationum debitorumque fiscalium inhibitum est provocationis auxilium. et cetera.

The same emperors to Volusianus, praetorian prefect. With public utility urging, in cases of payments and fiscal debts has been inhibited the aid of appeal. And the rest.

dat. iiii kal. aug.

dated the 4th day before the kalends of august.

arbitione et lolliano conss. (355 iul. 29).

In the consulship of Arbitio and Lollianus (July 29, 355).

CTh.11.36.13

Codex Theodosianus 11.36.13

Idem aa. ad probum proconsulem africae. cum constet iam dudum esse nostra sanctione praeceptum, ne aliquis, cum fiscale debitum postulatur, audeat provocare, proconsulare officium, si patientiam commodaverit, xxx pondo auri fisco cogatur inferre. dat.

The same emperors to Probus, proconsul of Africa. Since it is established that long ago it was prescribed by our sanction that no one, when the fiscal debt is demanded, dare to appeal, the proconsular office, if it has lent patience, shall be compelled to pay to the fisc 30 pounds of gold. Given.

viiii kal. iul. sirmio datiano et cereale conss.

june 23, at sirmium, in the consulship of datianus and cerealis.

(358 iun. 23).

(358 June 23).

CTh.11.36.14

Idem aa. ad flavianum proconsulem africae. gravis ista commotio est ac non ferenda iracundia iudicis, quae effusione humani sanguinis expiatur. sed ad fucum iniquitatis augendum lex nostri genitoris adscita est, scilicet ut diceretur genitor noster convictis in quaestione violentiae appellationis perfugia decerpsisse.

The same Augusti to Flavianus, proconsul of Africa. That commotion is grievous and the judge’s irascibility not to be borne, which is expiated by the effusion of human blood. but for augmenting the varnish of iniquity a law of our progenitor was adopted, namely so that it might be said that our progenitor had stripped away the refuges of appellation from those convicted in an inquisition of violence.

plectatur, inquit, qui manifestam detegitur commisisse violentiam. quae legis suae verba aliis quoque scitis clemens conditor explanavit. etenim vigorem vindictae differri post totius negotii exitum noluit, scilicet ut, si procacem vesaniam pricnipalis negotii discussio publicasset, convictum reum aut medietatis amissio aut sors deportationis adfligeret.

“Let him be punished,” he says, “who is detected to have committed manifest violence.” These words of his law the clement founder also explained by other decrees. For he did not wish the vigor of vindicta to be deferred until the outcome of the whole business, namely so that, if the discussion of the principal matter had made public the impudent frenzy, the convicted defendant would be afflicted either by the loss of a moiety or by the lot of deportation.

dat. iii non. aug.

given on the 3rd day before the Nones of August.

tauro et florentio conss. (361 aug. 3).

in the consulship of taurus and florentius (361 aug. 3).

CTh.11.36.15

Theodosian Code 11.36.15

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. salutem dicunt ordini civitatis karthaginiensium. post alia: ab executione vel a praeiudicio provocantes decrevimus non admitti, in tantum, ut contra definita facientes quinquaginta libras argenti condemnatione feriantur.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, send greetings to the order of the city of the Carthaginians. After other matters: we have decreed that those appealing from execution or from a prejudgment are not to be admitted, to such an extent that those acting against the decisions are struck with a condemnation of fifty pounds of silver.

dat. prid. non.

given on the day before the Nones.

feb. mediolano divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 febr.

feb. at Milan the deified Jovian and Varronianus, consuls. (364 febr.

4).

CTh.11.36.16

Theodosian Code 11.36.16

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. interpositas appellationes a praeiudicio vel ab exsecutione damnantes et eum, qui ab istiusmodi titulis provocaverit, et officium, quod non renuntiarit, quinquagenas argenti libras fisco nostro iubemus inferre, litem suam faciente iudice qui recepit. dat.

The same Augusti to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Condemning appeals interposed from prejudgment or from execution, we order both the one who shall have appealed from titles of this sort and the office that has not given notice to pay fifty pounds of silver to our fisc, the judge who received it making the suit his own. Given.

viii id. octob. altino; accepta xvi kal. nov.

October 8 at Altinum; received on October 17.

divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 oct. 8).

in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus (October 8, 364).

CTh.11.36.17

Idem aa. ad modestum praefectum praetorio. nulli officialium a sententia proprii iudicis provocatio tribuatur nisi in eo tantum negotio, quod ratione civili, super patrimonio forsitan, aput proprium iudicem inchoarit, scilicet ut in eo tantum negotio a sententia eius cui paret iudici quisquis velit officialis appellet, quod per procuratorem persequi iure tribuitur. dat.

The same emperors to Modestus, Praetorian Prefect. Let no appeal be granted to any of the officials from the sentence of his own judge, except only in that business which, by civil law—perhaps concerning his patrimony—he has initiated before his own judge; namely, that in that business only, from the sentence of the judge to whom he is subject, any official who wishes may appeal, which by law is granted to be pursued through a procurator. Given.

iiii id. iun. cyzico valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (370 iun.

June 10, at Cyzicus, in the consulship of Valentinian and Valens, Augusti. (370 Jun.

10).

CTh.11.36.18pr.

Theodosian Code 11.36.18 preamble.

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. post alia: nullum audiri provocantem ante definitivam sententiam volumus, si tamen in iudicio competenti negotium fuerit inchoatum, salva scilicet iuris antiqui moderatione atque sententia, cum vel exceptio obponitur vel ad agendum locus poscitur vel dilatio instrumentorum causa aut testium postulatur atque haec impatientia vel iniquitate iudicum denegantur. (365 dec.

the same emperors to symmachus, prefect of the city. after other things: we will that no one appealing be heard before the definitive sentence, if, however, the case has been begun in a competent court, with, to wit, the moderation and sentence of the ancient law preserved, when either an exception is opposed or a place for proceeding is asked, or a delay for the sake of instruments or witnesses is requested, and these are denied through the impatience or iniquity of the judges. (december 365.

[?] 20).

CTh.11.36.18.1

Similiter ne ab exsecutione quidem provocantem admitti convenit, si tamen executoris vitio minime modus sententiae transeatur. (365 dec. [?] 20).

Similarly, it is proper that even one appealing not be admitted from execution, provided, however, that through no fault of the executor the limit of the sentence is not at all overstepped. (365 Dec. [?] 20).

CTh.11.36.18.2

In fiscalibus quoque vel manifestis debitis et criminalibus confessis negotiis nec non etiam praeiudiciis omnis prava repugnantium amputetur intentio. (365 dec. [?] 20).

In fiscal matters also, or in manifest debts and in criminal affairs that have been confessed, and likewise also in prejudicial matters, let every perverse pleading of those resisting be cut off. (365 dec. [?] 20).

CTh.11.36.18.3

Postremo universas appellationes, quas iura improbant, non oportet audiri. dat. xiii kal.

Finally, all appeals which the laws disapprove ought not to be heard. Given on the 13th before the Kalends.

ian. mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 dec.

jan. at milan valentinian and valens the augusti consuls. (365 dec.

[?] 20).

CTh.11.36.19

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad olybrium praefectum urbi.

the emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, augusti, to olybrius, prefect of the city.

abstinendum prorsus appellatione sancimus, quotiens fiscalis calculi satisfactio postulatur aut tributariae functionis sollemne munus exposcitur aut publici vel etiam privati, dummodo evidentis atque convicti, redhibitio debiti flagitatur, ut necessario in contumacem vigor iudiciarius excitetur. proposita romae xv kal. sept.

We decree that appeal must be wholly abstained from, whenever
satisfaction of the fiscal calculation is demanded or the solemn duty of the tributary function is exacted, or the restitution of a debt, whether public or even private—provided that it is evident and proven—is demanded, so that judicial vigor may necessarily be aroused against the contumacious. Posted at Rome on the 15th day before the Kalends of September.

valentiniano et valente ii aa. conss. (368 aug. 18).

in the consulship of valentinian and valens, the augusti, for the 2nd time (368 aug. 18).

CTh.11.36.20 [=brev.11.11.3]

Theodosian Code 11.36.20 [=breviary 11.11.3]

Imppp. valent., valens et grat. aaa.

Emperors Valentinian, Valens, and Gratian, Augusti.

ad claudium pf. u. quoniam chronopius ex-antistite idem fuit in tuo, qui fuerat in septuaginta episcoporum ante iudicio, et eam sententiam provocatione suspendit, a qua non oportuit provocare, argentariam mulctam, quam huius modi facto sanctio generalis imponit, cogatur expendere. hoc autem non fisco nostro volumus accedere, sed his, qui indigent, fideliter erogari. quod in hac causa et ceteris ecclesiasticis fiat.

To Claudius, Prefect of the City: Since Chronopius, now a former bishop, was the same in your judgment as he had been before in the judgment of seventy bishops, and he suspended that sentence by an appeal, from which it was not proper to appeal, let him be compelled to pay the monetary mulct which the general sanction imposes for a deed of this kind. We do not wish this to go into our fisc, but to be faithfully disbursed to those who are in need. Let this be done in this case and in the other ecclesiastical ones.

dat. viii. id. iul.

given on the 8th day before the Ides of July.

valentin. n. p. et victore coss.

valentinian, most noble boy, and victor, consuls.

interpretatio. chronopium episcopum a multis episcopis fuisse damnatum, et studuisse eum ante iudicium sententiam, quae proferebatur, appellatione suspendere. a qua sententia, quia iuste prolata fuerat, appellare minime debuisset, in qua eum gravi mulctae, id est quinquaginta librarum argenti addictum fuisse dicit: quae tamen summa ipsius mulctae non fisco prodesse iussa est, sed pauperibus erogari

interpretation. that the bishop Chronopius had been condemned by many bishops, and that he had endeavored, before judgment, to suspend by an appeal the sentence which was being brought forward. from which sentence, because it had been duly pronounced, he ought by no means to have appealed; in which it says that he was adjudged to a heavy mulct, that is of fifty pounds of silver: which sum, however, of the mulct itself was ordered not to benefit the fisc, but to be disbursed to the poor

CTh.11.36.21 [=brev.11.11.4]

Iidem aaa. ad eupraxium pf. u. post alia: a discussoribus observari iubemus, ut manifesti debitores provocationis suffragio minime subleventur etc. pp. xvi.

The same emperors to Eupraxius, Prefect of the City, after other things: we order the discussors to observe that manifest debtors are not at all to be assisted by the support of provocation (appeal), etc.
published on the 16th.

kal. mart. gratiano a. iii.

Kalends of March, in the 3rd year of Gratian as Augustus.

et equitio coss.

and Equitius, consuls.

interpretatio. omnes, qui huius modi negotia discutiunt, hoc specialiter observare debere, ut manifesti debitores appellationis suffragio non utantur, nec evidens debitum ulla possint appellationis dilatione suspendere

interpretation. all who examine affairs of this kind ought especially to observe this: that manifest debtors do not use the aid of appeal,
nor can they suspend an evident debt by any delay of appeal

CTh.11.36.22

Theodosian Code 11.36.22

Idem aaa. ad claudium praefectum urbi. in interdicto quorum bonorum cessat licentia provocandi, ne, quod beneficio celeritatis inventum est, subdatur iniuriis tarditatis.

The same Augusti to Claudius, prefect of the City. In the interdict 'Quorum Bonorum' the license of appealing ceases, lest that which was devised as a benefit of celerity
be subjected to the injuries of tardity.

dat. xii kal. iun.

given on the 12th day before the Kalends of June.

treviris gratiano a. iii et equitio conss. (374 mai. 21).

at trier, when gratian augustus for the 3rd time and equitius were consuls (374 may 21).

CTh.11.36.23

The Theodosian Code 11.36.23

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. ad thalassium proconsulem africae.

emperors valens, gratian, and valentinian, augusti, to thalassius, proconsul of africa.

exceptis praescriptionibus peremptoriis si quis ab articulo appellare temptaverit, non audiatur, sed neglecta appellatione iudex discussis omnibus tendat ad finem, reservata post ultimum facultate partibus appellandi, si displicuerit definitiva sententia. neque tamen sit iudici potestas irrogandae multae. satis enim poenae videtur non audiri ab articulo provocantem.

With peremptory prescriptions excepted, if anyone attempts to appeal from an interlocutory issue, let him not be heard; rather, the appeal being disregarded, let the judge, after all things have been examined, press on to the end, with the faculty reserved to the parties of appealing after the conclusion, if the definitive sentence shall displease. Nor, however, shall the judge have the power of imposing a mulct; for it seems punishment enough not to hear one who is appealing from an interlocutory issue.

et cetera. dat. iii kal.

and the rest. given on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

feb. treviris accepta vi kal. mai.

feb. at Trier, received on the 6th day before the Kalends of May.

valente vi et valentiniano ii aa. conss. (378 ian. 30).

when valens for the 6th time and valentinian for the 2nd, the augusti, were consuls (378 jan. 30).

CTh.11.36.24

Idem aaa. ad thalassium proconsulem africae. post alia: si quis post susceptam super praescriptionibus peremptoriis appellationem et responsum a nobis redditum aliam peremptoriam praescriptionem obposuerit, non admittatur, et si propter eam non admissam provocare voluerit, refutetur.

The same Augusti to Thalassius, proconsul of Africa. After other matters: if anyone, after an appeal undertaken concerning peremptory prescriptions and a response returned by us, should oppose another peremptory prescription, let him not be admitted; and if he should wish to appeal because it was not admitted, let him be refuted.

sane volumus ei iuxta ordinem iuris defensionis loco praescriptiones peremptorias, quibus ante uti debuerat, reservari. quam formam ab his cognitoribus volumus observari, quibus necesse est interpositam provocationem nostrae insinuare clementiae: in ceteris vero iudiciis eadem, quae dudum statuta fuerat, forma servetur. et cetera.

Indeed we wish that for him, according to the order of law, peremptory exceptions, which he ought earlier to have used, be reserved in the place of a defense. Which form we wish to be observed by those cognitors, to whom it is necessary to insinuate to Our Clemency the interposed appeal: but in the other judgments let the same form be kept which had long since been established. And so forth.

dat. iii kal. feb.

given on the 3rd day before the kalends of february.

valente vi et valentiniano ii aa. conss. (378 ian. 30).

under Valens 6 and Valentinian 2, the Augusti, consuls. (January 30, 378).

CTh.11.36.25

Theodosian Code 11.36.25

Idem aaa. ad thalassium proconsulem africae. post alia: ab exsecutione appellari non posse satis et iure et constitutionibus cautum est, ita ut appellantem etiam nostris sanctionibus statuta multa compescat, nisi forte executor sententiae modum iudicationis excedat.

The same Augusti to Thalassius, proconsul of Africa. After other matters: it has been sufficiently provided both by law and by constitutions that one cannot appeal from execution, such that many things established by our sanctions also restrain the appellant, unless perhaps the executor of the sentence exceeds the measure of the adjudication.

a quo si fuerit appellatum, executione suspensa decernendum putamus, ut, si res mobilis est, ad quam restituendam exsecutoris opera fuerit indulta, appellatione suscepta possessori res eadem detrahatur et idoneo collocetur, reddenda ei parti, pro qua sacer cognitor iudicaverit. quod si de possessione vel fundis exsecutio concessa erit et eam suspenderit provocatio, fructus omnes, qui tempore interpositae provocationis capti vel postea nati erunt, in deposito collocentur, iure fundi penes eum qui appellaverit constituto. sciant autem se provocatores vel ab exsecutione appellantes vel ab articulo ex his dumtaxat causis, ex quibus recipi iussimus provocationem, si eos perperam intentionem cognitoris suspendisse claruerit, quinquaginta librarum argenti animadversione multandos.

from whom, if an appeal shall have been taken, we think it must be decreed, with execution suspended, that, if it is a movable thing, for the restoration of which the executor’s services have been granted,
upon the appeal being undertaken, the same thing be taken away from the possessor and be placed with a suitable person, to be returned to that party for whom the sacred cognitor shall have judged. But if execution shall have been granted concerning possession or estates and an appeal shall have suspended it, let all the fruits, which at the time of the interposed appeal shall have been taken or shall be born thereafter, be placed in deposit, with the right of the estate established with the one who shall have appealed. Let the appellants, whether appealing from execution or from the article, know themselves, only in those causes out of which we have ordered the appeal to be received,
that, if it shall have become clear that they have wrongly suspended the cognitor’s claim, they are to be fined with the penalty of fifty pounds of silver.

dat. iii kal. feb.

Dated January 30.

treviris valente vi et valentiniano ii aa. conss. (378 ian. 30).

at Trier
Valens 6 and Valentinian 2, the Augusti, consuls. (378 Jan. 30).

CTh.11.36.26 [=brev.11.11.5]

Theodosian Code 11.36.26 [= Breviary 11.11.5]

Imppp. grat., valent. et theodos.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius.

aaa. ad hypatium pf. u. quisquis, ne voluntas diem functi testamento scripta reseretur, vel ne hi, quos scriptos patuerit, heredes edicti per divum hadrianum conditi beneficium consequantur, ausus fuerit provocare, interpositamque appellationem, cuius de ea re notio erit, recipiendam esse crediderit, viginti librarum auri mulcta et litigatorem, qui tam importune appellaverit, et iudicem, qui tam ignave conniventiam adhibuerit, involvat. dat.

aaa. to hypatius, prefect of the city. whoever, in order that the will of one who has finished his day, written in a testament, not be unsealed, or in order that those who shall have been shown to be written as heirs not obtain the beneficium of the edict established by the deified hadrian, shall have dared to appeal, and whoever, having cognizance in that matter, shall have believed that the interposed appeal ought to be received, let a fine of twenty pounds of gold involve both the litigant, who has appealed so inopportunely, and the judge, who has so cravenly applied connivance. given.

non. april. treviris, ausonio et olybrio coss.

april 5 at trier, with ausonius and olybrius as consuls.

interpretatio. haec lex specialiter praecipit, ut, si quis a quocumque* conditum testamentum per appellationem differre voluerit, ut non debeat reserari, et scriptum heredem ab adeunda hereditate suspendere, et in hac parte iudex appellatori voluerit praebere consensum, ut quo minus scriptam voluntatem non sequatur effectus: tam ipse iudex quam is, qui appellaverit, viginti libras auri fisco cogatur exsolvere

interpretation. this law specially prescribes that, if anyone should wish to defer by an appeal a will made by whosoever, so that it ought not to be unsealed, and to suspend the written heir from entering upon the inheritance, and in this part the judge should wish to grant consent to the appellant, so that the written intention may not take effect: both the judge himself and the one who shall have appealed are to be compelled to pay twenty pounds of gold to the fisc.

CTh.11.36.27

Theodosian Code 11.36.27

Idem aaa. hypatio praefecto augustali. universi, quos in publicis contractibus manifestissimos debitores cognitio inquisitioque convicerit, statim ut sententia fuerit promulgata, obnoxii redhibitioni teneantur nec illis aliquid ad excogitandas fraudes et versutias exerendas morae ac temporis relaxetur.

Likewise the same emperors to Hypatius, Augustal Prefect. All those whom, in public contracts, judicial cognition and inquiry shall have convicted as most manifest debtors,
immediately, once the sentence has been promulgated, shall be held liable to redhibition,
and no delay or time shall be relaxed to them for devising frauds and exercising wiles.

dat. viii id. mai. constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss.

Dated May 8 at Constantinople, when Merobaudes 2 and Saturninus were consuls.

(383 mai. 8).

(383 May 8).

CTh.11.36.28

Theodosian Code 11.36.28

Idem aaa. euchario proconsuli palaestinae. propter neglectorum contumaciam praeceptorum obnoxios beneficio provocationis excluso poenam inferre sine aliqua procrastinatione praecipimus.

the same augusti. to eucharius, proconsul of palestine. on account of the contumacy in neglecting commands, we order the penalty to be inflicted upon those liable, with the benefit of appeal excluded, without any procrastination.

dat. x kal. dec.

dated on the 10th day before the Kalends of December.

constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 nov. 22).

at constantinople, in the consulship of merobaudes 2 and saturninus. (383 nov. 22).

CTh.11.36.29

Idem aaa. ad pelagium comitem rerum privatarum. ante certum sententiae tempus et ordinem eventus a discussore vel a rationali appellare non liceat.

The same Augusti to Pelagius, Count of the Private Estate. It shall not be permitted to appeal from a Discussor or from a Rationalis before the fixed time of the sentence and the order of the outcome.

et cetera. dat. xv kal.

and the rest. given on the 15th day before the Kalends.

mart. mediolano arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 febr.

Mar., at Milan, Arcadius, junior Augustus, and Bauto, consuls. (385 Feb.)

15).

CTh.11.36.30

Theodosian Code 11.36.30

Idem aaa. ad florentinum comitem sacrarum largitionum. saepe cautum est evidentissimos debitores appellantes audiri nullatenus oportere, deinde ab exsecutione adeo posse neminem provocare, ut, si hoc forte temptaverit, ut postea a praeiudicio appellans, ad quinquaginta librarum argenti multam iure retinendus sit.

The same emperors to Florentinus, Count of the Sacred Largesses. It has often been provided that most evident debtors who appeal ought by no means to be heard, and furthermore that from execution no one can appeal, to such an extent that, if someone should perchance attempt this—then, as one thereafter appealing from the preliminary judgment—he must rightly be held to a fine of fifty pounds of silver.

et cetera. dat. vii kal.

and the rest. Given on the 7th day before the Kalends.

dec. aquileiae arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 nov.

on the 10th, at Aquileia, when Arcadius (1st) and Bauto were consuls. (385 nov.

25).

CTh.11.36.31

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. hypatio praefecto augustali.

the emperors theodosius, arcadius and honorius, augusti. to hypatius, augustal prefect.

officium, quod rettulit provocare convictos vel appellare confessos, xxx auri libras inferat fisco, nec ulla episcoporum vel clericorum vel populi suggeratur intervenire aut intervenisse persona. nec enim eos fas est adimi debitae severitati, qui pacem publicam actuum perturbatione confusam rebelli contumacia miscuerunt. non ignaro ipso etiam iudicante, nisi post sententiam dictam impleverit suas partes, eadem se multa, qua officium, esse plectendum.

the office, which has reported to provoke an appeal for the convicted or to appeal on behalf of the confessed, shall pay 30 pounds of gold into the fisc, nor let any person of the bishops or clerics or of the people be suggested to intervene or to have intervened. for it is not right that those be taken away from due severity who have commixed with rebel contumacy the public peace, confounded by disturbance of actions. with the judge himself also not unaware that, unless after the sentence has been pronounced he shall have discharged his part, he is to be punished with the same fine as the office.

dat. v id. april. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss.

given on the 9th of april at constantinople, arcadius, augustus, for the 2nd time, and rufinus, consuls.

(392 apr. 9).

(392 April 9).

CTh.11.36.32

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. apollodoro comiti rerum privatarum. et publicarum necessitatum et privati aerarii poscit utilitas, ne commoda, quae domui nostrae debentur, callidis debitorum artibus differantur.

The emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to apollodorus, count of the private domain. And the utility of the public necessities and of the private aerarium (treasury) demands that the emoluments owed to our house not be deferred by the cunning arts of debtors.

quam ob rem eorum appellatione reiecta, qui aperte manifesteque convicti sunt, hoc observari praecepti huius auctoritate censemus, ut ei, quem constiterit esse publicum debitorem, appellationis beneficium denegetur. dat. iiii id. aug.

For which reason, with the appeal of those who are openly and manifestly convicted rejected, we judge by the authority of this precept that this be observed: that to him whom it has been established to be a public debtor, the benefit of appeal be denied. Given on the 4th day before the Ides of August.

mediolano arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 aug. 10).

at milan, arcadius in his 4th and honorius in his 3rd consulship, the augusti, consuls. (396 aug. 10).

CTh.11.36.33

Imppp. arcadius, honorius et theodosius aaa. nestorio comiti et duci.

The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius, and Theodosius, Augusti, to Nestor, count and duke.

aliquantos in tripolitana provincia reos temere ad appellationis comperimus auxilium convolare, ut poenam provocatione defugiant. ideoque decernimus, ut manentibus his, quae de audientiae discretione superioribus sunt decreta praeceptis, in convictos tamquam confessos sententia proferatur, ea nihilo minus condicione servata, ut nullus, priusquam iudicii formam examen susceptae cognitionis inveniat, appellandi habeat facultatem. dat.

We have learned that several defendants in the Tripolitanian province rashly flock to the aid of an appellation, in order to flee the penalty by a provocation.
Therefore we decree that, with those provisions remaining which have been decreed by prior precepts concerning the discretion of audience, sentence shall be pronounced upon those convicted as though confessed, with this condition nonetheless preserved: that no one shall have the faculty of appealing before the form of the judgment has found examination in the cognizance that has been undertaken. Given.

vii id. dec. ravennae arcadio a. vi et probo v. c. conss. (406 dec.

7 Dec. at Ravenna, Arcadius, Augustus, for the 6th time, and Probus, a most distinguished man, consuls. (406 Dec.

7).

CTh.11.37.0. [=brev.11.12.0.] Si de momento fuerit appellatum.

CTh.11.37.0. [=brev.11.12.0.] If an appeal has been made on the instant.

CTh.11.37.1 [=brev.11.12.1]

Imppp. valent., theodos. et arcad.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius, and arcadius.

aaa. ad eusignium pf. p. quum de possessione et momento causa dicitur, etsi appellatio interposita fuerit, tamen lata sententia sortiatur effectum, atque ita demum ad nostram scientiam referatur. ita tamen possessionis reformationem fieri oportet, ut integra omnis proprietatis causa servetur.

aaa. to Eusignius, praetorian prefect. When suit is spoken of concerning possession and a for-the-moment measure, even if an appeal has been interposed, nevertheless the pronounced sentence shall obtain effect, and only then be referred to our knowledge. Yet the reformation of possession ought to be carried out in such a way that the entire cause of proprietorship is kept intact.

dat. xiv. kal.

given on the 14th day before the Kalends.

dec. mediolano, honorio n. p. et evodio coss.

dec. at milan, honorius, most noble boy, and evodius, consuls.

interpretatio. si de momento fuerit appellatum, momentariae causae audientiam proprietati obesse penitus non debere, quamlibet de momento videatur aliquid iudicatum, quod in effectum sit sine dubio deducendum, nec possit appellatione suspendi. iubet tamen, restituto momento causam proprietatis ex integro debere cognosci

interpretation. if on the moment there has been an appeal, the hearing of a momentary cause ought in no way to harm proprietorship, although of the moment something may seem to have been adjudged, which is without doubt to be carried into effect, nor can it be suspended by an appeal. nevertheless, with the moment restored, the cause of proprietorship ought to be examined afresh from the beginning

CTh.11.38.0. [=brev.11.13.0.] De possessione ab eo, qui bis provocaverit, transferenda.

CTh.11.38.0. [=brev.11.13.0.] On the transfer of possession from him who has appealed twice.

CTh.11.38.1 [=brev.11.13.1]

Imppp. valent., theodos. et arcad.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius, and arcadius

aaa. proculo pf. u. qui gemino iudicio fuerit superatus, nec tamen obstinatam illam pervicaciam putaverit relinquendam, sed iterum provocandum esse crediderit, ab eo ad petitorem mox possessio transferatur. dat.

A.A.A. To Proculus, Prefect of the City. He who shall have been defeated by a double judgment, and yet has not thought that that obstinate pervicacity ought to be relinquished, but has believed that one must appeal again, let possession be forthwith transferred from him to the petitioner. Given.

xvi. kal. iul.

June 16.

aquileia, tatiano et symmacho coss.

aquileia, in the consulship of tatianus and symmachus.

interpretatio. si quicumque* in una causa duobus iudiciis fuerit superatus et adhuc eandem agendi pertinaciam voluerit retinere, et iterum appellandum esse putaverit, in adversarium eius continuo possessio transferatur

interpretation. If anyone* in a single case shall have been overcome by two judgments and still should wish to retain the same obstinacy in litigating, and should think that an appeal must be made again, possession shall be transferred immediately to his adversary

CTh.11.39.0. De fide testium et instrumentorum

CTh.11.39.0. On the credibility of witnesses and of instruments (documents)

CTh.11.39.1

Imp. constantinus a. aurelio helladio. etsi veteris iuris definitio et retro principum rescripta in iudicio petitori eius rei quam petit necessitatem probationis dederunt, tamen nos aequitate et iustitia moti iubemus, ut, si quando talis emerserit causa, in primordio iuxta regulam iuris petitor debeat probare, unde res ad ipsum pertineat; sed si deficiat pars eius in probationibus, tunc demum possessori necessitas imponatur probandi, unde possideat vel quo iure teneat, ut sic veritas examinetur.

The Emperor Constantine Augustus to Aurelius Helladius. Although the definition of ancient law and the former rescripts of the princes have, in court, given to the petitioner of the thing which he seeks the necessity of proof, nevertheless, moved by equity and justice, we order that, if ever such a cause shall emerge, at the beginning, according to the rule of law, the petitioner ought to prove whence the thing pertains to himself; but if his side should fail in proofs, then at last let the necessity be imposed upon the possessor to prove whence he possesses or by what right he holds, so that thus the truth may be examined.

dat. naisso xv kal. octob.

Dated at Naissus on 17 September.

paulino et iuliano conss. (325 sept. 17).

Paulinus and Julianus
consuls. (September 17, 325).

CTh.11.39.2 [=brev.11.14.1]

Imp. constantinus a. et c. ad severum comitem hispaniarum. scripturae diversae et fidem sibi invicem derogantes, ab altera parte prolatae, nihil firmitatis habere potuerunt.

Emperor Constantine, Augustus and Caesar, to Severus, count of the Spains. Diverse writings, derogating from one another’s credibility, brought forward by the other side, were able to have no validity.

dat. iv. non. mai.

given on the 4th day before the nones of may.

constantinopoli, dalmatio et zenophilo coss.

at constantinople, when dalmatius and zenophilus were consuls.

interpretatio. si quis multiplici scriptura contractum suum munire cupiens de una re venditionem et donationem proferat vel quaecumque* alia documenta: omnia rescindantur, quia impugnantes se chartulas lex haec vetat admitti

interpretation. if anyone, desiring to fortify his contract by multiple writings, should bring forward concerning a single matter both a sale and a donation, or whatever* other documents: let all be rescinded, because this law forbids papers that impugn one another to be admitted

CTh.11.39.3pr. [=brev.11.14.2pr.]

Codex Theodosianus 11.39.3, preface. [=Breviary 11.14.2, preface.]

Idem a. ad iulianum praesidem. iurisiurandi religione testes prius, quam perhibeant testimonium, iam dudum arctari praecepimus, et ut honestioribus potius fides testibus habeatur.

The same Augustus, to Julianus the governor. By the religion of an oath we have long since ordered that witnesses, before they give testimony, be bound, and that rather to more honorable witnesses credence be given.

CTh.11.39.3.1 [=brev.11.14.2.1]

Simili more sanximus, ut unius testimonium nemo iudicum in quacumque* causa facile patiatur admitti. et nunc manifeste sancimus, ut unius omnino testis responsio non audiatur, etiamsi praeclarae curiae honore praefulgeat. dat.

By a similar manner we have sanctioned, that none of the judges in whatever cause should readily suffer the testimony of a single person to be admitted. And now we manifestly sanction, that the response of a single witness is not to be heard at all, even if he should shine with the honor of a most illustrious curia. Given.

viii. kal. sept.

August 25.

naisso, optato et paulino coss.

at Naissus, Optatus and Paulinus, consuls.

interpretatio. testes priusquam de causa interrogentur, sacramento debere constringi, ut iurent, se nihil falsi esse dicturos. hoc etiam dicit, ut honestioribus magis quam vilioribus testibus fides potius admittatur. unius autem testimonium, quamlibet splendida et idonea videatur esse persona, nullatenus audiendum

interpretation. witnesses, before they are questioned concerning the case, ought to be bound by an oath, that they swear they will say nothing false. this also he says, that credence should be admitted rather to more honorable than to more vile witnesses. but the testimony of one, however splendid and suitable the person may seem to be, is by no means to be listened to

CTh.11.39.4

Impp. constantius et constans aa. aurelio mimenio. quotiens scriptura aliqua profertur eaque ab eo, adversus quem facere videtur, suspecta dicitur, non solum is, qui de ea dubitat, falso conscriptam cogatur ostendere, verum etiam ille, qui eadem utitur, veritate subnixam probare cogatur.

The Emperors Constantius and Constans, Augusti, to Aurelius Mimenio. Whenever some writing is produced, and by the one against whom it seems to tell it is called suspect, not only must he who doubts it be compelled to show that it was falsely drawn up, but also he who uses the same must be compelled to prove that it is supported by truth.

dat. vi kal. septemb.

given on August 27.

constantinopoli constantio iiii et constante iii aa. conss. (346 aug. 27).

at constantinople, under the consulship of the emperors constantius 4 and constans 3 (346 aug. 27).

CTh.11.39.5

Theodosian Code 11.39.5

Pars actorum habitorum aput imperatorem iulianum augustum mamertino et nevitta conss. x kal. april.

Part of the proceedings held before the emperor Julian Augustus, with Mamertinus and Nevitta as consuls, on the 10th day before the Kalends of April.

constantinopoli in consistorio: adstante iovio viro clarissimo quaestore, anatolio magistro officiorum, felice comite sacrarum largitionum. et cetera. imp.

at Constantinople in the consistory: with Jovius, a most distinguished man, quaestor, standing by, Anatolius, master of the offices, and Felix, count of the sacred largesses. and the rest. the emperor.

iulianus a. dixit: thnikauta grammatia megalhn isxun exei, otan peri autwn twn grammatiwn mh amfisbhthsij ec allwn ofeilei bebaiousvai. (362 mart. 23).

Julian Augustus said:
Then documents have great strength, when about the documents themselves there is no disputation; they ought to be confirmed from other sources. (362 March 23).

CTh.11.39.6

Theodosian Code 11.39.6

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad olybrium praefectum urbi. cum res agatur ex scripto, aut infirmari scribturam convenit aut probari.

the emperors valentinian and valens, augusti, to olybrius, prefect of the city. when a matter is conducted on the basis of a writing, it is proper either that the writing be impugned or that it be proved.

infirmari autem quae potest, nisi falsa doceatur? falsa porro a quibus aliis demonstranda est quam ab illis qui negant ei esse credendum? dat.

But how, moreover, can it be invalidated, unless it be shown to be false? Moreover, by whom else are falsehoods to be demonstrated than by those who deny that it is to be believed? Given.

prid. id. mart. treviris valentiniano nb. p. et victore conss.

the day before the ides of march, at trier, in the consulship of valentinian, most noble boy, and victor, consuls.

(369 mart. 14).

(369 March 14).

CTh.11.39.7 [=brev.11.14.3]

Imppp. valens, grat. et valent.

the emperors valens, gratian, and valentinian.

aaa. ad antonium pf. p. post alia: iubemus, omnes deinceps, qui scripturas nefarias comminiscuntur, quum quid in iudicio promiserint, nisi ipsi adstruxerint veritatem, ut suspectae scripturae et falsi reos esse detinendos. dat.

aaa. to Antonius, praetorian prefect. after other things: we order that all, henceforth, who contrive nefarious writings, when they have promised something in court, unless they themselves have substantiated the truth, are to be detained as defendants on account of the suspect writing and of falsity. given.

prid. id. ian. treviris, valente vi. et valentin.

on the day before the Ides of January, at Trier, in the consulship of Valens for the 6th time and Valentinian.

ii. aa. coss.

2 Augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. quicumque* scripturam in audientiam protulerit, veritatem eius probare iubeatur, quia hoc in omnibus causis statutum est, ut scripturam prolator affirmet. nam si is, qui scripturam protulit, eius non adstruxerit veritatem, ut falsitatis reum esse retinendum

interpretation. Whoever* shall have brought forth a writing into a hearing, let him be ordered to prove its truth, because this has been established in all causes, that the prolator of the writing affirm it. For if he who produced the writing shall not have substantiated its truth, that he is to be held as a defendant for falsity

CTh.11.39.8

Pars actorum habitorum in consistorio aput imperatores gratianum, valentinianum et theodosium cons. syagri et eucheri die iii kal. iul.

part of the proceedings held in the consistory before the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, in the consulship of syagrius and eucherius, on 29 june.

constantinopoli. in consistorio imp. theodosius a. dixit: episcopus nec honore nec legibus ad testimonium flagitatur.

At Constantinople. In the consistory Emperor Theodosius Augustus said: A bishop is required to give testimony neither by honor nor by the laws.

idem dixit: episcopum ad testimonium dicendum admitti non decet, nam et persona dehonoratur et dignitas sacerdotis excepta confunditur. (381 iun. 29).

the same said: it is not fitting that a bishop be admitted to give testimony, for both the person is dishonored and the exempted dignity of the priest is confounded. (June 29, 381).

CTh.11.39.9 [=brev.11.14.4]

Theodosian Code11.39.9 [=Breviary11.14.4]

Imppp. grat., valent. et theodos.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius.

aaa. ad florentium praefectum augustalem. non oportet in absentem, quasi in praesentem atque convictum, verum statim putari, quicquid ab eo solo dicitur, qui accusat.

aaa. to florentius, augustal prefect. it is not proper that, against an absentee, as if present and convicted,
whatever is said by him alone who accuses be deemed true immediately.

dat. xiii. kal.

dated on the 13th before the Kalends.

ian. richomere et clearcho coss.

jan. richomer and clearchus, consuls.

interpretatio. quoties quilibet accusator aliquid de adversario suo eo absente suggesserit, ei ante discussionem utriusque partis penitus non credatur

interpretation. whenever any accuser suggests anything about his adversary, he being absent, before the discussion of both parties he is not to be believed at all

CTh.11.39.10 [=brev.11.14.5]

Iidem aaa. paulino praefecto augustali. presbyteri citra iniuriam quaestionis testimonium dicant, ita tamen, ut falsa non simulent.

The same Augusti. to Paulinus, augustal prefect. presbyters should give testimony without the injury of torture, nevertheless, such that they do not simulate falsehoods.

ceteri vero clerici, qui eorum gradum vel ordinem consequuntur, si ad testimonium dicendum petiti fuerint, prout leges praecipiunt, audiantur. salva tamen sit litigatoribus falsi actio, si forte presbyteri, qui sub nomine superioris loci testimonium dicere citra aliquam corporalem iniuriam sunt praecepti, hoc ipso, quod nihil metuant, vera suppresserint. multo magis etenim poena sunt digni, quibus quum plurimum per nostram iussionem delatum fuerit, occulto inveniuntur in crimine.

the other clerics, indeed, who attain their grade or order, if they shall have been requested to give testimony, let them be heard as the laws prescribe. nevertheless, let the action of falsity remain saved to the litigants, if perchance the presbyters, who under the title of a higher place have been ordered to give testimony without any bodily injury, by this very fact, that they fear nothing, shall have suppressed the truths. for by much the more are they worthy of punishment, to whom, since very much has been conferred through our command, they are found in a hidden crime.

dat. viii. kal.

dated on the 8th day before the Kalends.

aug. arcadio a. i. et bautone coss.

August. Arcadius Augustus, for the 1st time, and Bauto, consuls.

interpretatio. presbyteri citra iniuriam quaestionis, id est sine supplicio corporali possunt testimonium dicere. alii vero clerici, qui eorum ordinem sequuntur, si ad testimonium dicendum adhibiti fuerint, sicut leges praecipiunt, audiantur: ita ut salva sit contra presbyteros falsi actio, si in aliquo docebuntur fuisse mentiti; quia magis poena digni sunt, quibus quum lex reverentiam praestet, suae professionis immemores in mendacii crimine deteguntur

interpretation. presbyters, without the injury of questioning, that is, without corporal punishment, can give testimony. but the other clerics, who follow their order, if they should be brought in to give testimony, just as the laws prescribe, let them be heard: such that an action for falsity remains available against presbyters, if in any matter they shall be shown to have lied; because they are more deserving of punishment, they to whom, while the law grants reverence, forgetful of their profession, are detected in the crime of mendacity

CTh.11.39.11

Theodosian Code 11.39.11

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. flaviano praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to flavianus, praetorian prefect.

hi, qui sanctam fidem prodiderint et sacrum baptisma profanarint, a consortio omnium segregati sint, a testimoniis alieni. et cetera. dat.

those who have betrayed the holy faith and profaned the sacred baptism, let them be segregated from the society of all, alien to testimonies. and so forth. given.

v id. mai. concordiae tatiano et symmacho conss. (391 mai.

May 11 at Concordia, under the consulate of Tatianus and Symmachus, consuls. (391 May

11).

CTh.11.39.12 [=brev.11.14.6]

Impp. arcad. et honor.

Emperors Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. aeternali proconsuli asiae. cogi possessorem ab eo, qui expetit, titulum suae possessionis edicere, quae tanta erit amentia, ut, ratione praepostera, petitor ab eo, quem pulsat, informari suas postulet actiones, quum omnem probationem exigi oporteat ab eo, qui vindicare nititur, non ab eo, qui se iuste tenere contendit? intentanti namque, non suscipienti, probationum necessitas imponenda est praeter eum, qui edicere cogitur, utrum pro possessore an pro herede possideat.

the emperors to the everlasting proconsul of asia. to compel a possessor, by him who sues, to declare the title of his possession—what madness would be so great that, by a preposterous rationale, the petitioner should demand to be informed of his own actions by him whom he assails, since all proof ought to be exacted from him who strives to vindicate, not from him who contends that he holds justly? for the necessity of proofs is to be imposed upon the one making the claim, not upon the one receiving it, save this: that he who is compelled to declare must state whether he holds as possessor or as heir.

dat. xii. kal.

dated on the 12th day before the Kalends.

april. constantinopoli, arcadio iv. et honorio iii. aa. coss.

april. at constantinople,
arcadius 4 and honorius 3, augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. lex ista hoc praecipit, ut probatio non a possessore, sed a petitoris partibus requiratur, quia omnem probationem ab eo quaeri debere dicit, qui petitam rem desiderat obtinere, non ab illo, qui se iuste tenere contendit; praeter illum tantum casum, ubi interrogari necesse est possidentem, utrum ex sua persona an ex successione coeperit possidere

interpretation. this law prescribes that proof be required not from the possessor, but from the petitioner’s side, because it says that all proof ought to be sought from him
who desires to obtain the thing petitioned, not from him who contends that he holds it justly; except only that case where
it is necessary to interrogate the possessor whether he began to possess in his own person or by succession

CTh.11.39.13 [=brev.11.14.7]

Impp. honor. et theodos.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius.

aa. caeciliano pf. p. post alia: quoniam ingenui testes ad causas postulantur alienas, si socii et participes criminis non dicantur, sed fides ab his notitiae postuletur, in exhibitione necessariarum personarum, hoc est testium talis debet esse cautio iudicantis, ut, his venturis ad iudicium, per accusatorem aut ab his, per quos fuerint postulati, sumptus* competentes dari praecipiat etc. dat. xii.

The Emperors to Caecilianus, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: since freeborn witnesses are demanded for cases belonging to others, if they are not said to be associates and participants in the crime, but the trustworthiness of their knowledge is required from them, in the production of necessary persons, that is, of witnesses, such ought to be the caution of the judge, that, as they come to the trial, he should order suitable expenses to be given by the accuser or by those by whom they have been summoned, etc. Given on the 12th.

kal. febr. ravennae, honorio viii.

On the Kalends of February, at Ravenna, in the 8th consulship of Honorius.

et theodos. iii. aa. coss.

and Theodosius 3, the Augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. quicumque* testes necessarios habet, dummodo idoneos, qui non sint causae aut culpae participes, studeat, qualiter eos suo sumptu*, ubi causa dicenda est, debeat exhibere

interpretation. whoever* has necessary witnesses, provided that they are suitable, who are not participants of the cause or of the fault, should endeavor how he ought to exhibit them at his own expense*, where the cause is to be pleaded