Cassiodorus: VARIARUM LIBRI XII

[1] Desiderantes vos nostris aggregare parentibus neptis caro pignori propitia divinitate sociamus, ut qui de regia stirpe descenditis, nunc etiam longius claritate Hamali sanguinis fulgeatis. mittimus ad vos ornatum aulicae domus, augmenta generis, solacia fidelis consilii, dulcedinem suavissimam coniugalem: quae et dominatum vobiscum iure compleat et nationem vestram meliore institutione componat.

[1] Desiring to aggregate you to our kindred, by propitious divinity we associate our granddaughter to you as a dear pledge, so that you who descend from a royal stock may now also shine further with the brightness of Hamali blood. We send to you the adornment of the aulic house, augmentations of lineage, the consolations of faithful counsel, the most sweet conjugal sweetness: which may both complete lordship with you by right and compose your nation with a better institution.

[2] Habebit felix Thoringia quod nutrivit Italia, litteris doctam, moribus eruditam, decoram non solum genere, quantum et feminea dignitate, ut non minus patria vestra istius splendeat moribus quam suis triumphis.

[2] Fortunate Thuringia will have what Italy has nurtured: taught in letters, erudite in morals, decorous not only in lineage, but equally in feminine dignity, so that your fatherland may shine no less by this one’s morals than by its own triumphs.

[3] Quapropter salutantes gratia competenti indicamus nos venientibus legatis vestris inpretiabilis quidem rei, sed more gentium suscepisse pretia destinata, equos argenteo colore vestitos, quales decuit esse nuptiales. quorum pectora vel crura sphaeris carneis decenter ornantur: costae in quandam latitudinem porriguntur: alvus in brevitate constringitur: caput cervinam reddit effigiem, imitantes velocitatem cuius videntur habere similitudinem. hi sunt sub pinguedine nimia mansueti, magna mole celerrimi, aspectibus iucundi, usibus gratiores: incedunt enim molliter, sessores insanis festinationibus non fatigant: quiescitur in ipsis potius quam laboretur et compositi delectabili moderatione agilitate norunt continua perdurare.

[3] Wherefore, greeting you with fitting grace, we indicate that, upon the arrival of your legates, we have received, in accordance with the custom of the nations, the appointed prices for a thing indeed beyond price—horses clothed in a silvery color, such as it was proper for nuptials to have. Their breasts and even their shanks are becomingly adorned with fleshy spheres; the ribs stretch out into a certain breadth; the belly is constrained in shortness; the head renders a cervine effigy, imitating the swiftness of which they seem to bear the likeness. These, though under excessive fatness, are gentle; of great mass, most swift; pleasing to the eyes, more gratifying in use: for they advance softly, they do not fatigue their riders with insane hastenings; on them one rests rather than labors, and, composed with delectable moderation, by agility they know how to endure continuously.

[4] Verum hunc quamvis nobilissimum gregem beluasque morigeras vel alia quae direxistis eximia victa cognoscitis, quando omnia iure superat, quae decus regiae potestatis exornat. destinavimus et nos quidem, quae principalis ordo poscebat: sed nihil maius persolvimus, quam quod vos tantae feminae decore copulavimus. assint vestro divina coniugio, ut sicut nos causa iunxit affectionis, ita et posteros nostros obliget gratia parentalis.

[4] Yet this herd, although most noble, and the compliant beasts, or the other outstanding things which you dispatched, you recognize as outdone, since that which adorns the honor of royal power rightly surpasses all things. We too have destined, indeed, what the princely order was demanding: but we have discharged nothing greater than that we have joined you with the adornment of so great a woman. May divine powers be present to your conjugal union, so that just as the cause of affection joined us, so also may a parental grace obligate our descendants.

II. REGI ERULORUM THEODERICUS REX.

2. THEODERIC THE KING TO THE KING OF THE HERULI.

[1] Per arma fieri posse filium grande inter gentes constat esse praeconium, quia non est dignus adoptari, nisi qui fortissimus meretur agnosci. in subole frequenter fallimur: ignavi autem esse nesciunt, quos iudicia pepererunt. hi enim gratiam non de natura, sed de solis meritis habent, quando vinculo animi obligantur extranei, et tanta in hoc actu vis est, ut prius se velint mori quam aliquid asperum patribus videatur infligi.

[1] That one can be made a son through arms is agreed to be a great proclamation among the nations, because he is not worthy to be adopted unless the very bravest deserves to be acknowledged. In offspring we are often deceived; but they do not know how to be craven, those whom judgments have borne. For these have grace not from nature, but from merits alone, since strangers are bound by a bond of spirit; and so great is the force in this act, that they would rather first die than that anything harsh should seem to be inflicted upon their fathers.

[2] Et ideo more gentium et condicione virili filium te praesenti munere procreamus, ut competenter per arma nascaris, qui bellicosus esse dinosceris. damus tibi quidem equos enses clipeos et reliqua instrumenta bellorum: sed quae sunt omnimodis fortiora, largimur tibi nostra iudicia. summus enim inter gentes esse crederis, qui Theoderici sententia comprobaris.

[2] And therefore, by the custom of the nations and in a virile condition, we beget you as a son by this present gift, so that you may be suitably born through arms, you who are discerned to be warlike. We give to you indeed horses, swords, shields, and the remaining instruments of war: but what are in every way stronger, we bestow upon you our judgments. For you are believed to be highest among the nations, you who are approved by the judgment of Theoderic.

[3] Sume itaque arma mihi tibique profutura. ille a te devotionem petit, qui te magis defensare disponit: proba tuum animum et opus non habebis obsequium. adoptat te talis, de cuius gente tu potius formideris.

[3] Therefore take up arms that will be profitable to me and to you. He asks devotion from you who is more disposed to defend you: prove your spirit, and you will have no need of obsequious compliance. Such a one adopts you, of whose people you would rather be afraid.

nota sunt enim Erulis Gothorum deo iuvante solacia. nos arma tibi dedimus: gentes autem sibi olim virtutum pignora praestiterunt.

For to the Eruli the solaces of the Goths are known, with God aiding. We have given arms to you: but the nations in former times provided for themselves pledges of virtues.

[4] Salutantes proinde gratia competenti reliqua per illum et illum legatos nostros patrio sermone mandamus, qui vobis et litteras nostras evidenter exponant et ad confirmandam gratiam quae sunt dicenda subiungant.

[4] Accordingly, greeting you with the appropriate favor, we mandate the remaining things through So-and-so and So-and-so, our legates, in the native speech, who will plainly set forth to you both our letters and will subjoin what must be said to confirm the favor.

III. SENARIO V. I. COMITI PRIVATARUM THEODERICUS REX.

3. THEODERIC THE KING TO SENARIUS, A MOST ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, COUNT OF THE PRIVATE ESTATES.

[1] Ad ornatum palatii credimus pertinere aptas dignitatibus personae eligere, quia de claritate servientium crescit fama dominorum. tales enim provehere principem decet, ut quotiens procerem suum fuerit dignatus aspicere, totiens se recta iudicia cognoscat habuisse. moribus enim debet esse conspicuus, qui datur imitandus.

[1] We believe it pertains to the adornment of the palace to choose persons apt to dignities, because from the renown of those serving the fame of the lords grows. For it befits the prince to promote such men, so that as often as he has deigned to look upon his noble, so often he may recognize that he has had right judgments. For he who is given to be imitated ought to be conspicuous in morals.

facile est quemque sibi degere: multis autem electum vivere decet.

it is easy for each to live for himself; but to live for many befits the chosen.

[2] Cape igitur per indictionem tertiam illustris comitivae nostri patrimonii dignitatem, quam tibi non inmerito tribuit regalis auctoritas. diu namque nostris ordinationibus geminum mutuatus obsequium et consilii particeps eras et disposita laudabili assumptione complebas. subisti saepe arduae legationis officium: restitisti regibus non impar assertor, coactus iustitiam nostram et illis ostendere, qui rationem vix poterant cruda obstinatione sentire.

[2] Therefore take, by the third indiction, the illustrious dignity of the comitiva of our patrimony, which the royal authority grants to you not undeservedly. For long, under our ordinations, having taken on a twin obsequy, you were both a participant in counsel and you completed the things arranged with laudable assumption. You often undertook the duty of an arduous legation: you withstood kings as no unequal asserter, being compelled to show our justice even to those who by crude obstinacy could scarcely perceive reason.

non te terruit contentionibus inflammata regalis auctoritas, subiugasti quin immo audaciam veritati et obsecutus ordinationibus nostris in conscientiam suam barbaros perculisti.

the royal authority, inflamed by contentions, did not terrify you; nay rather, you subjugated audacity to truth, and, in obedience to our ordinations, you struck the barbarians to their own conscience.

[3] Quid studium tuum longa lucubratione sollicitum et laboris continui inculpabile referamus obsequium? usus es sub exceptionis officio eloquentis ingenio: favebat ipse sui delectatus auditor, dum meliora faceres, cum recitare coepisses. pronuntiatio tua nostrum delectabat arbitrium, quia tantum dictantium reficiebas animum, quantum se lassare poterat cura cogitantum.

[3] Why should we recount your zeal, made solicitous by long lucubration, and the blameless devoted service of continuous labor? You made use, under the office of exception (a legal plea), of an eloquent genius: the auditor himself, delighted with himself, favored you, as you did better things once you had begun to recite. Your delivery delighted our judgment, because you refreshed the spirit of those dictating as much as the care of those thinking could weary itself.

fuit quoque in te pars altera vitae laudabilis, quod arcana nostra morum probitate claudebas, multorum conscius, nec tamen, cum plura nosses, elatus. collegis gratia, superioribus humilitate placuisti.

There was also in you another part of a laudable life: that you kept our arcana enclosed by probity of morals, being privy to many things, and yet, although you knew more, you were not exalted. You pleased your colleagues by grace, your superiors by humility.

[4] Sic omnium pro te factus est unus animus ex magna diversitate sociatus. carpes certe probatae institutionis gratissimum fructum, quando provecus tuus ita potuit omnes laetos efficere, ut universi in te iudicent sua desideria profecisse. tuere igitur hanc virtutum amabilem praeclaramque constantiam nostraeque domus auctoritate subnixus tanto studiosius gratiam quaere, quantum te locum beneficiis respicis invenisse.

[4] Thus out of great diversity one spirit, associated on your behalf, has been made of all. You will certainly pluck the most grateful fruit of approved instruction, since your advancement has been able so to make all glad, that all judge their desires to have progressed in you. Therefore maintain this amiable and illustrious constancy of virtues, and, supported by the authority of our house, seek favor the more studiously, in proportion as you consider that you have found a place for benefactions.

tende itaque adhuc bonis actibus tuos ad potiora successus, sciens gratiam nostram in illo semper augeri, qui se dignum adepto culmini desiderat inveniri.

Therefore aim your successes further, by good acts, toward better things, knowing that our grace is always augmented in him who desires to be found worthy of the eminence attained.

IIII. SENATUI URBIS ROMAE THEODERICUS REX.

4. THEODERIC THE KING TO THE SENATE OF THE CITY OF ROME.

[1] Gloriosum quidem nobis est, patres conscripti, honores passim impendere, sed laudabilius bene meritis digna praestare. quicquid enim talibus tribuimus, pro generali potius utilitate largimur. cunctis siquidem proficit recti tenax provectus nec locus relinquitur iniuriae, cum ad bonos pervenit regula disciplinae.

[1] It is indeed glorious for us, Conscript Fathers, to lavish honors everywhere, but it is more laudable to bestow things worthy upon the well-deserving. For whatever we grant to such men, we rather dispense for the general utility. For an advancement tenacious of rectitude profits all, and no place is left for injustice, when the rule of discipline comes to the good.

[2] Hoc itaque praeclaro desiderio illustrem virum Senarium comitivae patrimonii dignitate subveximus, qui venalitatis obscura animi claritate refugiat, qui calumnia non laetetur, nec patrimonii auctoritate suffultus de nostro sibi faciat terrore compendium, sed ius aequabile possit tenere cum ceteris, unde nobis placere respicit servientes. haec de illo futura promittere praeteritorum facit temporum fides.

[2] Therefore, by this preeminent desire, we have raised up the illustrious man Senarius to the dignity of the Comitiva of the Patrimony, one who by clarity of mind shuns the dark things of venality, who does not rejoice in calumny, and who, though supported by the authority of the Patrimony, does not make for himself a profit by terror in our name, but is able to hold an equitable right along with the others, whence those serving perceive that to please us consists in this. The faith of past times makes us promise these things-to-be about him.

[3] In ipso quippe adulescentiae flore palatia nostra meritis maturus intravit et, quod robustas quoque fatigat aetates, nullo deceptus novitatis errore ad imperantis conversus arbitrium effectum bonarum praestitit iussionum, nunc ad colloquia dignus, nunc ad exceptiones aptissimus, frequenter etiam in honorem legationis electus, cuius multiplex meritum incertum apud nos reddebat officium. non enim unius loci vir debet dici, a quo multa videntur impleri.

[3] Indeed, in the very flower of adolescence he, mature by merits, entered our palaces; and—what wearies even robust ages—deceived by no error of novelty, turned to the judgment of the ruler he furnished the execution of good orders: now worthy for colloquies, now most apt for petitions, and frequently also chosen to the honor of a legation, whose manifold merit made his office uncertain with us. For he ought not to be called a man of a single post, by whom many things are seen to be fulfilled.

[4] Sed haec amplius commendabat humilitas, quae tam clara quam rara est. novum est enim sub amore principis custodire modestiam, quia gaudia semper animos inquietant: modus enim raro laetis rebus imponitur, qui magis in tristibus invenitur.

[4] But humility commended these things the more, which is as illustrious as it is rare. For it is a new thing, under the prince’s love, to keep custody of modesty, because joys always disquiet minds: for a measure is rarely imposed upon glad affairs, which is more often found in sad ones.

[5] Verum inter haec stupenda meritorum originis quoque simili claritate resplendet, ut haereas, qua parte sit ditior, cum copiosius utraque possideat. habent ergo singulatim distributa praeconium, iuncta miraculum. quapropter, patres conscripti, assurgat primaevis introeuntibus cana Libertas.

[5] But amid these astounding merits his origin also shines with similar clarity, so that you hesitate in which part he is richer, since he possesses both more copiously. Therefore, taken singly, distributed, they have acclaim; joined, a miracle. Wherefore, Conscript Fathers, let hoary Liberty rise to the very young as they enter.

nihil de genio vestro subtrahitur, quando venientium novitas honorabiliter invitatur. parentes publici de clementia nominati, duplex vos ratio benignitatis invitet: incipiens mereatur gratiam, provectus favorem.

nothing is subtracted from your genius, when the newcomers’ novelty is honorably invited. public parents, named for clemency, let a twofold rationale of benignity invite you: let the beginner merit grace, the one advanced, favor.

V. AMABILI VIRO DEVOTO COMITI THEODERICUS REX.

5. THEODERIC THE KING TO AMABILIS, A DEVOUT MAN, COUNT.

[1] Nullum decet nostras gravanter suscipere iussiones, quae magis utilitates noscuntur extollere devotorum. in Gallicana igitur regione victualium cognovimus caritatem, ad quam negotiatio semper prompta festinat, ut empta angustiore pretio largius distrahantur. sic evenit ut et venditoribus satisfiat et illis provisio nostra subveniat.

[1] It befits no one to receive our injunctions grievously, which are known rather to exalt the benefits of the devoted. in the Gallican region, therefore, we have learned of the dearness of victuals, toward which commerce, ever prompt, hastens, so that things bought at a narrower price may be more largely sold off. thus it comes about that both the sellers are satisfied and our provision comes to succor those men.

[2] Atque ideo devotio tua praesenti auctoritate cognoscat omnes navicularios Campaniae, Lucaniae sive Tusciae fideiussoribus idoneis se debere committere, ut cum victualibus speciebus tantum proficiscantur ad Gallias, habituri licentiam distrahendi sic ut inter emptorem venditoremque convenerit.

[2] And therefore let Your Devotion, by the present authority, make known that all the shipmasters of Campania, Lucania, or Tuscany must commit themselves with suitable guarantors, so that they may set out to Gaul with victual kinds only, having permission to sell in such manner as shall have been agreed between buyer and seller.

[3] Grande commodum est cum indigentibus pacisci: quando fames totum solet contemnere, ut suam necessitatem possit explere. nam cum ambitioni suae serviat, prope modum donare videtur, qui vendit rogatus. ad saturatos cum mercibus ire certamen est: suo autem pretium poscit arbitrio, qui victualia potest ferre ieiunis.

[3] It is a great advantage to bargain with the indigent: since hunger is wont to contemn everything, so that it may be able to fulfill its own necessity. For, as it serves its own ambition, he who sells when implored seems almost to donate. To go with wares to the sated is a contest; but he who can carry victuals to the fasting demands a price at his own discretion.

VI. SYMMACHO V. I. PATRICIO THEODERICUS REX.

6. THEODERIC THE KING TO SYMMACHUS, A MOST ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, PATRICIAN.

[1] Rationales petitiones supplicum libenter amplectimur, qui etiam non rogati iusta cogitamus. quid est enim dignius quod die noctuque assidua deliberatione volvamus, nisi ut rem publicam nostram sicut arma protegunt, aequitas inviolata custodiat? spectabilis itaque Valerianus in Syracusana civitate consistens reverti se ad lares proprios supplicavit, qui studiorum causa liberos suos ad Romanam civitatem deduxit.

[1] We gladly embrace the rational petitions of suppliants, we who even unasked ponder what is just. For what is more worthy that we should turn over with assiduous deliberation day and night, than that our commonwealth, just as arms protect it, be guarded by inviolate equity? Therefore the Spectabilis Valerianus, residing in the Syracusan city, has petitioned to return to his own household Lares, who for the sake of studies led his children to the Roman city.

[2] Quos illustris magnificentia tua ex nostra continens iussione in supra dicta urbe faciat commorari: nec illis liceat ante discedere, nisi hoc noster proloquatur affatus. ita enim et illis studiorum provectus adquiritur et nostrae iussionis reverentia custoditur.

[2] whom your illustrious magnificence, abiding by our standing order, shall cause to remain in the aforesaid city; nor let it be permitted them to depart beforehand, unless our address proclaims this. For thus both an advancement of studies is acquired for them and the reverence of our command is kept.

[3] Non ergo sibi putet impositum, quod debuit esse votivum. nulli sit ingrata Roma, quae dici non potest aliena, illa eloquentiae fecunda mater, illa virtutum omnium latissimum templum. sentiatur plane, quod clarum est: non sine gratia esse creditur, cui habitatio tanta praestatur.

[3] Therefore let him not think imposed upon himself what ought to have been a thing of vow. Let Rome be unwelcome to no one, which cannot be called alien, that fecund mother of eloquence, that most spacious temple of all virtues. Let what is clear be plainly felt: he is believed to be not without favor, to whom so great a habitation is afforded.

VII. SENARIO V. I. COMITI PRIVATARUM THEODERICUS REX.

7. THEODERIC THE KING TO SENARIUS, A MOST ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, COUNT OF THE PRIVATE PROPERTY.

[1] Propositum nostrae pietatis est iniuste periclitantium sublevare fortunas, quia quod aliena vi constat impositum, trahere non possumus ad delictum. iniquum est enim, ut hominis vitio deputetur quod eius voluntate non regitur: et illud imputetur periclitanti, unde raro datur evadere.

[1] The purpose of our pietas is to uplift the fortunes of those unjustly in peril, because that which is established to have been imposed by another’s force we cannot drag to a delict. For it is inequitable that what is not governed by a man’s will be assigned to his fault: and that there be imputed to the one in peril that from which it is rarely granted to escape.

[2] Atque ideo sublimitas tua prosecutores frumentorum, qui de Sicilia fuerant ad Gallias destinati, lacrimabili nos aditione pulsasse cognoscat, dum susceptum onus promovissent in pelagus, adversis flatibus fuisse susceptum: ubi fatiscente compage trabium, omnia vis absorbuit undarum nec quicquam miseris de aquarum nimietate nisi solas lacrimas restitisse.

[2] And therefore let Your Sublimity know that the prosecutors of the grain, who had been destined from Sicily to Gaul, have assailed us with a tearful petition: when they had advanced the undertaken burden into the open sea, it was caught by adverse blasts; where, as the fastening of the beams was giving way, the force of the waves swallowed everything, and from the excess of the waters nothing remained to the wretched save only tears.

[3] Unde illustris sublimitas tua, praesenti auctoritate commonita, modiationem tritici quam sub hac sorte perisse probaverint, supradictis prosecutoribus sine aliqua faciat cunctatione reputari. crudelitatis enim genus est ultra naufragium velle desaevire et illos ad dispendia cogere, quibus inopem vitam probantur inmania elementa cessisse.

[3] Whence your Illustrious Sublimity, admonished by this present authority, should cause the modiation of wheat which they shall have proved to have perished under this lot to be reckoned to the aforesaid prosecutors without any delay. For it is a kind of cruelty to wish to rage on beyond the shipwreck and to force those into losses, to whom the immense elements are proven to have yielded only a needy life.

VIII. HONORATIS POSSESSORIBUS ET CURIALIBUS FOROLIVENSIBUS THEODERICUS REX.

8. THEODERIC THE KING TO THE HONORED PROPRIETORS AND CURIALS OF FORLÌ.

[1] Grave videri non debet, quod nostra ordinatione censetur, quia novimus aestimare, quod vos oportet implere. a nobis quippe potestis rationabiliter custodiri, quibus profecistis non gravati. proinde devotioni vestrae praesenti auctoritate decernimus, ut accepto pretio competenti de locis vestris ad Alfuanum trabes sine aliqua dilatione devehatis, quatenus et nostra ordinatio sortiri possit effectum et perceptis mercedibus nec vos videamini sustinere dispendium.

[1] It ought not to seem grave, what is assessed by our ordinance, because we know how to estimate what you ought to fulfill. for indeed you can be reasonably safeguarded by us, by whom you have profited, not been burdened. therefore we decree to your devotion by the present authority, that, a competent price having been received, you convey beams from your localities to Alfuanum without any delay, so that our ordinance also may be able to attain its effect, and, the payments having been received, you may not seem to sustain a loss.

VIIII. OSVIN V. I. COMITI THEODERICUS REX.

9. THEODERIC THE KING TO OSVIN, AN ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, COUNT.

[1] Innocentiae professio est nostram elegisse praesentiam, ubi nec violentiae locus datur nec avaritiae vitia formidantur. Maurentius atque Paula patris auxilio nudati multorum se iniuriis testantur exponi: quorum adulescentia pervia videtur incommodis, cum facile possit subrepi vel iuvenibus destitutis. et ideo nostrum merentur praesidium, a quibus se calliditas non abstinet improborum.

[1] To have chosen our presence is a profession of innocence, where neither is a place given to violence nor are the vices of avarice feared. Maurentius and Paula, stripped of a father’s aid, attest that they are exposed to the injuries of many; whose adolescence seems pervious to incommodities, since subreption can easily creep in even upon destitute youths. And therefore they merit our protection, from whom the craftiness of the wicked does not abstain.

proinde sublimitas vestra tenorem praesentis iussionis agnoscens supra memoratos adultos, si quis iurgantium pulsare maluerit, ad nostrum comitatum noverit dirigendos, ubi et innocentia perfugium et calumniatores ius possint invenire districtum.

Therefore Your Sublimity, recognizing the tenor of the present injunction, will know that the above-mentioned adults, if anyone of the quarrelers should prefer to strike them, are to be directed to our court, where both innocence may find a refuge and calumniators may find the law strict.

X. IOHANNI V. S. CONSULARI CAMPANIAE THEODERICUS REX.

10. THEODERIC THE KING TO JOHN, A RESPECTABLE MAN, CONSULAR GOVERNOR OF CAMPANIA.

[1] Foedum est inter iura publica privatis odiis licentiam dare nec ad arbitrium proprium vindicandus est inconsultus fervor animorum. iniquum quippo nimis est quod delectat iratum. furentes iusta non sentiunt, quia dum commoti in vindictam saeviunt, rerum temperantiam non requirunt.

[1] It is foul, among the public laws, to give license to private hatreds, nor is the unadvised fervor of minds to be vindicated at one’s own discretion. For what delights an angry man is excessively iniquitous. The frenzied do not perceive the just, because, while stirred they rage into vengeance, they do not seek the temperance of things.

hinc est quod legum reperta est sacra reverentia, ut nihil manu, nihil proprio ageretur impulsu. quid enim a bellica confusione pax tranquilla distabit, si per vim litigia terminentur?

hence it is that a sacred reverence for the laws has been devised, so that nothing be done by hand, nothing by one’s own impulse. for how will tranquil peace differ from warlike confusion, if litigations are terminated by force?

[2] Provincialium igitur Campaniae atque Samnii suggestione comperimus nonnullos neglecta temporum disciplina ad pignorandi se studia transtulisse et quasi edicto misso per vulgus licentiam crevisse vitiorum. his multo acerbiora iungentes: alienis debitis ad solutionem alios trahi solamque causam probabilem videri, si aliqua debitori potuit vicinitate coniungi. o iniquum persuasionis errorem!

[2] Therefore, by the suggestion of the provincials of Campania and Samnium we have learned that certain persons, with the discipline of the times neglected, have transferred themselves to pursuits of distraint, and, as if an edict had been sent forth among the populace, a license for vices has increased. Joining to these much more bitter things: that others are dragged to payment by others’ debts, and that the only plausible cause seems to be, if by some sort of vicinity he could be connected to the debtor. O unjust error of persuasion!

dividuntur causae germanis: filius obligationibus paternis, si non sit heres, exuitur: uxor maritalibus debitis nisi per successionis vincula non tenetur: et audacia ad solutionem trahit extraneos, cum absolvant iura coniunctos. hoc hactenus fieri nostri ignorantia fortasse pertulerit: nunc necesse est remedium de legibus habeat, quod nostram potuit intrare notitiam.

Cases are apportioned among siblings: a son is stripped of his father’s obligations, if he is not an heir; a wife is not bound to marital debts unless by the bonds of succession; and audacity drags outsiders to payment, while the laws absolve those who are conjoined. Hitherto our ignorance perhaps has endured that this be done; now it is necessary that the matter should have a remedy from the laws, since it has been able to enter our notice.

[3] Proinde edictalis programmatis tenore comperto spectabilitas vestra in cunctorum faciat notitiam pervenire, ut quisquis quod repetere debuisset pignorandi studio fortassis invaserit, voce iuris amittat nec liceat cuiquam sua sponte nisi obligatum forsitan pignus auferre. si vero alterum pro altero, quod nefas dictu est, pignorare maluerit, in duplum cui vim fecit direpta restituat, quia scelera damna plus cohibent et sola detrimenta cogitant qui pudoris fecere iacturam. quem vero ab hac redhibitione foedum patrocinium tenuitatis excusat, pro admissi qualitate facinoris in eum fustuario supplicio vindicetur.

[3] Therefore, the tenor of the edictal program having been ascertained, let your Spectability make it come into the knowledge of all, that whoever has perhaps invaded by a zeal of distraining that which he ought to have sought by recovery, let him lose it by the voice of the law, nor let it be permitted to anyone of his own accord to take away a pledge, unless perhaps a lawfully obligated pledge. But if he should prefer to distrain one person for another—which is nefarious to say—let him restore twofold to the one upon whom he did violence the things snatched away, because damages restrain crimes more, and those who have made a jettison of modesty think only of detriments. But whom a foul patronage of tenuity excuses from this redhibition, let him be punished, according to the quality of the crime admitted, with fustuary punishment (cudgeling).

non enim patimur impunitum quod nolumus esse permissum.

for we do not suffer unpunished what we do not wish to be permitted.

XI. SENARIO V. I. COMITI PRIVATARUM THEODERICUS REX.

11. THEODERIC THE KING TO SENARIUS, A MOST ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, COUNT OF THE PRIVATE ESTATES.

[1] Spes est certa remedii vota supplicum ad prudentis remisisse iudicium, ut per ordinationis beneficium confusionis abrogetur incertum. proinde magnitudo tua, cuius ordinationi videtur subiacere provincia, inter possessores Volienses atque curiales causam diligenti examinatione discutiat, quatenus inter eos sopiatur querela a vobis patefacta iustitia. non enim decet post audientiam vestram negotium trahi, a quo post alios iudices debuisset audiri.

[1] There is a sure hope of a remedy: that the vows of the suppliants have been remitted to the judgment of a prudent man, so that by the benefice of ordination the uncertainty of confusion may be abrogated. Therefore let your Magnitude, to whose ordination the province seems to be subject, discuss the case between the Voliensian possessors and the curials with diligent examination, to the extent that the complaint between them may be lulled to rest by justice laid open by you. For it is not fitting that, after your hearing, the business be dragged on, by whom, after other judges, it ought to have been heard.

XII. MARABADO V. I. COMITI ET GEMELLO V. S. THEODERICUS REX.

12. THEODERIC THE KING TO MARABADUS, A MOST ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, COUNT, AND TO GEMELLUS, A MOST SPECTABLE MAN.

[1] Propositi nostri est, ut provincias nobis deo auxiliante subiectas, sicut armis defendimus, ita legibus ordinemus, quia semper auget principes observata iustitia et quantum probabili institutione vivitur, tantum summis adhuc provectibus aggregatur.

[1] It is our purpose, that the provinces subject to us, with God aiding, just as we defend by arms, so we ordain by laws, because observed justice always augments princes, and by as much as life is lived by a probable institution, by so much is still aggregated to the highest advancements.

[2] Arcotamia itaque illustris femina flebiliter ingemiscens nepotis sui calamitatem tali conquestione deploravit, dum semper aviae cura tenerior est suorum, asserens Aetheriam nurum suam, mariti postposita dilectione, cuidam se Liberio iugali foedere sociasse et cum ornatior cupit novis thalamis apparere, studuerit prioris viri facultates evertere, allegans ditatam filiorum spoliis, quibus magis decuit congregari.

[2] Arcotamia, therefore, an illustrious woman, lamentably groaning, bewailed the calamity of her grandson with such a complaint, since a grandmother’s care is always more tender for her own, asserting that Aetheria, her daughter-in-law, with love for her husband set aside, had associated herself with a certain Liberius by a conjugal bond; and, since she longs to appear more ornate for new bridal chambers, she has endeavored to overturn the resources of her former husband, alleging that she has been enriched by the spoils of the sons, which it was more fitting should have been gathered for them.

[3] Ideoque nos, qui desideria supplicantum consuevimus remittere ad statuta divalium sanctionum, ut nec insinuationem supplicum renuamus nec adversarii negotium credula facilitate damnemus, sublimitatis vestrae iudicio hanc causam legibus committimus audiendam, ut omni incivilitate summota mediis sacrosanctis evangeliis cum tribus honoratis, quos partium consensus elegerit, qui legum possint habere notitiam, quicquid prisci iuris forma constituit inter eos, considerata disciplina nostri temporis, proferatis, quia non decet per vim eos aliquid agere, qui ad nostra meruerunt regimina pervenire.

[3] And so we, who have been accustomed to remit the desires of suppliants to the statutes of imperial sanctions, so that we neither refuse the petition of the suppliants nor condemn the adversary’s case by credulous facility, commit this cause, to be heard according to the laws, to the judgment of your Sublimity, so that, with all incivility removed, with the sacrosanct Gospels set in the midst, together with three honorable men, whom the consensus of the parties shall have chosen, who can have knowledge of the laws, you may bring forth, with the discipline of our time considered, whatever the form of the ancient law has constituted between them; for it is not fitting that those who have merited to come under our governance do anything by force.

XIII. SENARIO V. I. COMITI PRIVATARUM THEODERICUS REX.

13. THEODERIC THE KING TO SENARIO, A MOST ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, COUNT OF THE PRIVY PURSE.

[1] Emolumenta deesse laborantibus non oportet, ut et bonae spei aditus aperiatur et desudantium querela iusta compensatione claudatur. atque ideo providentiam nostram, quae omnes rei publicae partes sub caelesti favore circumspicit, ordinasse cognosce, ut Colosseo illustri viro pro laboribus et meritis ad Sirmiensem Pannoniam destinato iuxta consuetudinem veterem victualia praebeantur, quatenus, dum memorato viro necessaria fuerint praeparata, locus iniustis praesumptionibus abrogetur.

[1] Emoluments ought not to be lacking for those laboring, so that both an access of good hope may be opened and the complaint of those sweating may be closed with just compensation. And therefore know that our providence, which surveys all parts of the republic under celestial favor, has ordained that to Colosseus, an Illustrious Man, for his labors and merits, destined to Sirmian Pannonia, victuals be provided according to ancient custom, to the end that, when the necessaries shall have been prepared for the aforesaid man, occasion may be abrogated for unjust presumptions.

[2] Disciplinam siquidem non potest servare ieiunus exercitus, dum quod deest semper praesumit armatus. habeat quod emat, ne cogatur cogitare quod auferat. necessitas moderata non diligit, nec potest imperari multis quod nequeunt custodire paucissimi.

[2] Indeed a fasting army cannot preserve discipline, since the man-at-arms always helps himself to what is lacking. Let him have what he may buy, lest he be compelled to consider what he may carry off. Necessity does not cherish moderation, nor can there be commanded to the many what the very few are unable to keep.

XIIII. GESILAE SAIONI THEODERICUS REX.

14. THEODERIC THE KING TO GESILA THE SAIO.

[1] Magni peccati genus est alienis debitis alterum praegravare, ut qui potest exigi non mereatur audiri. sua quemque damna respiciant et is solvat tributum, qui possessionis noscitur habere compendium. atque ideo praesenti tibi auctoritate delegamus, ut Gothi per Picenum sive Tuscias utrasque residentes te imminente cogantur exsolvere debitas functiones.

[1] It is a kind of great sin to overburden another with alien debts, so that he from whom it can be exacted does not deserve to be heard. Let each regard his own losses, and let him pay the tribute who is known to have the profit of the possession. And therefore by the present authority we delegate to you, that the Goths residing throughout Picenum or both Tuscias, with you pressing upon them, be compelled to discharge the due imposts.

[2] In ipsis enim initiis comprimendus excessus est, ne foeda imitatio quasi turpis scabies paulatim reliquos comprehendat. si quis ergo iussa nostra agresti spiritu resupinatus abiecerit, casas eius appositis titulis fisci nostri viribus vindicabis, ut qui iuste noluit parva solvere, rationabiliter videatur maxima perdidisse. qui enim debent ad fiscum celerius esse devoti, nisi qui capiunt commoda donativi, quando amplius de nostra humanitate recipiunt quam stipendii iure praestetur?

[2] For at the very outset the excess must be compressed, lest foul imitation, as if a shameful scabies, little by little seize the rest. If therefore anyone, with a rustic spirit, thrown backward, should cast aside our orders, you will vindicate his cottages to the forces of our fisc, with titles affixed, so that he who would not, with justice, pay little may reasonably be seen to have lost the greatest. For who ought to be more swiftly devoted to the fisc than those who take the advantages of a donative, since they receive more from our humanity than is furnished by the right of stipend?

nam si liberalitatis nostrae causa tractetur, nos potius voluntaria tributa solvimus, qui fortunas omnium sublevamus.

for if the matter be treated on account of our liberality, it is we rather who pay voluntary tributes, we who uplift the fortunes of all.

XV. BENENATO V. S. THEODERICUS REX.

15. THEODERIC THE KING TO BENENATUS, A MAN OF SPECTABILIS RANK.

[1] Illustris et magnifici viri comitis patrimonii suggestione comperimus dromonarios viginti et unum de constituto numero mortis incommodo fuisse subtractos. unde providentiam nostram, cuius est proprium quod casu subducitur recuperare consilio, hoc statuisse cognosce, ut supra dictos dromonarios probare sine aliqua dubitatione festines, qui tamen ad hoc opus possint idonei reperiri.

[1] By the suggestion of the illustrious and magnificent man, the Count of the Patrimony, we have learned that twenty-one dromonarii, from the established number, have been withdrawn by the mischance of death. Wherefore know that our providence, whose proper function is to recover by counsel what is removed by chance, has determined this: that you hasten, without any hesitation, to approve the aforesaid dromonarii, who nevertheless can be found suitable for this work.

[2] Remigum enim labor operosus valentes animo et viribus quaerit, ut confidentia mentis procellis obviare possit undosis. quid enim audentius quam illud infidum ac vastissimum mare intrare parvo navigio, quod eluctari facit desperationis sola praesumptio? quapropter iussis te nostris hanc cautelam convenit adhibere, ut querelam de congregatis debilibus non facias, cum nos robustissimos quaesisse cognoscas.

[2] For the laborious toil of oarsmen seeks men strong in mind and in strengths, so that the confidence of the mind may be able to face billowy storms. For what is more audacious than to enter that treacherous and most vast sea in a small vessel, in which the mere presumption of desperation makes one struggle through? Wherefore, in accordance with our orders, it is fitting that you apply this caution: that you do not raise a complaint about feeble men having been assembled, since you know that we have sought the very most robust.

XVI. SENATUI URBIS ROMAE THEODERICUS REX.

16. THEODERIC THE KING TO THE SENATE OF THE CITY OF ROME.

[1] Utilitatis publicae causa, quam noster animus semper aspectat, virum illustrem comitem Arigernum civem paene vestrum dudum ad Gallias aestimavimus dirigendum, ut eius maturitate consilii titubantium potuissent corda firmari. novitatem quippe sollicitam prudentes convenit habere rectores, ut quemadmodum fuerit vitae formatus ordo, sic currat instituta devotio. his rebus ad nostra vota compositis et gloriam civilitatis retulit et quod inter vos didicit diligenter ostendens et bellorum insignia reportavit.

[1] For the sake of public utility, which our mind always regards, we long ago deemed that the illustrious man, Count Arigernus—almost your fellow-citizen—should be dispatched to Gaul, so that by the maturity of his counsel the hearts of the tottering might be able to be made firm. For indeed it befits prudent rectors to keep a solicitous watch over novelty, so that, just as the order of life has been shaped, so may instituted devotion run. With these matters composed to our wishes, he both brought back the glory of civility and, diligently displaying what he learned among you, carried off the insignia of wars.

[2] Quem desideratum, sicut putamus, coetui vestro reddidimus, ut qui vobis longa aetate placuit, nunc gratior fiat, cum eum adiecta bona commendant. quapropter disciplinae se praefati viri Romanus ordo restituat et quod quietis amore praecipitur, devotis animis impleatur: quatenus et excessibus tollatur licentia et quod optamus maxime, locum nequeat invenire vindicta.

[2] Whom, longed-for, as we suppose, we have rendered back to your assembly, so that he who pleased you for a long age may now become more pleasing, since added goods commend him. Wherefore let the Roman order restore itself to the discipline of the aforesaid man, and let that which is prescribed by love of quiet be fulfilled with devout minds: to the end that license for excesses may be removed, and that, what we desire most, vengeance may be unable to find a place.

[3] Si qua etiam per eius absentiam culpa provenit, inter vos iustitiae consideratione corrigite, sicut nobilitati vestrae convenit agere, cui semper probitas placet: quoniam nos specialiter iniunxisse cognoscite, ut error, qui ab auctoribus suis minime fuerit emendatus, legum districtione resecetur. pareatur ergo, patres conscripti viro multis temporibus iam probato, cui necesse est praedicanda sequi, qui se hactenus sub vestra omnium laude tractavit et in tanta frequentia nullius repperit adversa iudicia.

[3] If any fault also has arisen during his absence, correct it among yourselves by consideration of justice, as it befits your nobility to act, to which probity always is pleasing: since know that we have specially enjoined that an error, which has in no way been emended by its authors, be cut away by the stricture of the laws. Let obedience therefore be yielded, Conscript Fathers, to the man already proven for many times, whom it is necessary to follow in matters to be proclaimed, who thus far has conducted himself under the praise of you all and, in so great a concourse, has found adverse judgments of no one.

XVII. IBBAE VIRO SUBLIMI DUCI THEODERICUS REX.

17. THEODERIC THE KING TO IBBA, A SUBLIME MAN, DUKE.

[1] Definitam rem ab antiquo rege, quam tamen constat rationabiliter esse decretam, nulla volumus ambiguitate titubare, quia decet firmum esse quod commendatur probabili iussione. cur enim priora quassemus, ubi nihil est quod corrigere debeamus?

[1] A matter determined by an ancient king, which nevertheless is agreed to have been decreed reasonably, we do not wish to stagger by any ambiguity, because it is fitting that what is commended by a probable injunction be firm. For why should we shake the former things, where there is nothing that we ought to correct?

[2] Atque ideo praesenti tibi auctoritate praecipimus, ut possessiones Narbonensis ecclesiae secundum praecelsae recordationis Alarici praecepta, a quibuslibet pervasoribus occupatae teneantur, aequitatis facias contemplatione restitui, quia versari nolumus in ecclesiae dispendio praesumptiones illicitas, dum nostra deceat tempora sedare confusa.

[2] And therefore by the present authority we command you, that the possessions of the Narbonensian Church be held according to the precepts of Alaric of most exalted memory; and, if they have been occupied by any usurpers, do you, out of a contemplation of equity, have them restored, since we are unwilling that illicit presumptions should be at play to the Church’s dispend (loss), while it befits our times to settle what is confused.

[3] Esto contra talia omnino sollicitus, ut qui es bello clarus, civilitate quoque reddaris eximius. sic et arma tua deo iuvante corroboras, si iustitiam mediocribus servare contendas. improbis enim non potuisse resistere non praevales excusare, quando omnes tibi libenter cedunt, quem gloriosum in bellorum certamine cognoverunt.

[3] Be altogether solicitous against such things, that you, who are renowned in war, may also be rendered eximious in civility. Thus too you corroborate your arms, God helping, if you strive to preserve justice for the middling. For you do not prevail to excuse that you could not resist the wicked, since all gladly yield to you, whom they have known glorious in the contest of wars.

ignavus forte audacibus iubere nihil possit: nemo plus praesumentibus imperat, quam quem sua facta commendant.

A coward, perhaps, can order nothing to the audacious: no one commands the presumptuous more than the one whom his own deeds commend.

XVIII. ANNAE V. S. COMITI THEODERICUS REX.

18. THEODERIC THE KING TO ANNA, A MAN OF SPECTABLE RANK, COUNT.

[1] Consuetudo est nostrae clementiae probatae nobis fidei agenda committere, ut cum iudices delegamus praeditos tractatu maturo, locum prava nequeat invenire surreptio. dudum siquidem ad nos multorum suggestione pervenit Laurentium presbyterum effossis cineribus funestas divitias inter hominum cadavera perscrutatum concussionemque mortuis intulisse, quem oportet viventibus quieta praedicare. non abstinuisse perhibetur tam crudeli contagio piis dicatas consecrationibus manus: aurum exsecrabili quaesisse fertur affectu, quem suam decuisset egentibus dare substantiam vel sub aequitate collectam.

[1] It is the custom of our clemency to commit the agenda to faith approved by us, so that, when we delegate judges endowed with mature handling, perverse surreption may not be able to find a place. For indeed, long since it came to us by the suggestion of many that the presbyter Laurentius, with ashes disinterred, had searched among the corpses of men for funereal riches and had inflicted extortion upon the dead—he who ought to preach peace to the living. He is reported not to have refrained his hands, dedicated by pious consecrations, from so cruel a contagion: he is said to have sought gold with an execrable desire, which it would have befit to give to the needy—either his own substance, or that collected under equity.

[2] Quod te diligenti examinatione praecipimus indagare, ut, si veritati dicta perspexeris convenire, hominis ambitum eo tantum fine concludas, ne possit supprimere quod eum non licuit invenire. scelus enim, quod nos pro sacerdotali honore relinquimus impunitum, maiore pondere credimus vindicandum.

[2] This we prescribe you to investigate with diligent examination, so that, if you shall have perceived the statements to agree with the truth, you may shut down the man’s ambit with this end only: lest he be able to suppress what it was not permitted him to find. For the crime which we, for sacerdotal honor, leave unpunished, we believe ought to be vindicated with greater weight.

XVIIII. GEMELLO V. S. THEODERICUS REX.

19. THEODERIC THE KING TO GEMELLUS, A DISTINGUISHED MAN.

[1] Decet principalem providentiam fessa refovere, ut asperitatem casuum mitiget lenitas iussionum. non enim sentitur incommodum, si, quod per adversitatem constat oppressum, concessa prosperitas ostenderit sublevatum.

[1] It befits princely providence to refresh the weary, so that the asperity of circumstances may be mitigated by the lenity of commands. for the incommodity is not felt, if that which is established to have been oppressed by adversity has been shown raised up by conceded prosperity.

[2] Siliquatici namque praestationem, quam rebus omnibus nundinandis provida definivit antiquitas, in frumentis, vino et oleo dari praesenti tempore non iubemus, ut haec remissio solutionis copiam possit praestare provinciis et respirent aliquatenus fessi praesentis salubritate decreti.

[2] For we do not order at the present time that the prestation of the siliquaticum, which provident antiquity defined for all goods to be marketed, be paid upon grain, wine, and oil, so that this remission of the payment may be able to provide abundance to the provinces and the weary may to some extent respire by the salubrity of the present decree.

[2] Quis enim ad vendendum non incitetur largius, cui solita dispendia subtrahuntur? portus nostros navis veniens non pavescat, ut certum nautis possit esse refugium, si manus non incursarint exigentum, quos frequenter plus affligunt damna, quam solent nudare naufragia. sit hoc forsitan sub quiete tolerandum: nunc autem, dum provincialibus praestare cupimus, mercium dominis interim consulamus.

[2] For who would not be more liberally incited to sell, for whom the customary expenses are withdrawn? Let a ship coming to our ports not be afraid, so that there may be a sure refuge for sailors, if the hands of the exactors do not make incursions—by which losses frequently afflict more than shipwrecks are wont to strip bare. Perhaps this might be tolerable under quiet; now, however, while we desire to render assistance to the provincials, let us meanwhile take thought for the owners of the merchandise.

XX. GEBERIC V. S. THEODERICUS REX.

20. THEODERIC THE KING TO GEBERIC, A MAN OF SPECTABLE RANK.

[1] Si desideramus locum beneficiis invenire, ut titulos nostrae possimus pietatis erigere, quanto magis aliena beneficia intacta volumus defendi, qui propria cupimus sponte largiri, maxima quando et illud conscientiae nostrae reponitur, quod de fisco sub antiqua sollemnitate praestatur! proinde viri venerabilis episcopi Constantii supplicatione comperimus sacrosanctae ecclesiae ipsius unum iugum, veterum principum pietate collatum, et nunc quorundam usurpatione violenta retineri.

[1] If we desire to find a place for benefactions, so that we may be able to erect the titles of our piety, how much more do we wish that others’ benefactions be defended intact—we who are eager of our own accord to bestow our own—especially since that too is laid to our conscience which is rendered from the fisc under ancient solemnity! Accordingly, by the supplication of the venerable man, Bishop Constantius, we have learned that one iugum (yoke of land) of his sacrosanct church, bestowed by the piety of former princes, is now being held by the violent usurpation of certain persons.

[2] Sed quia nos uti nullum volumus fraudibus suis, praesertim cum in dispendio pauperum detestabili mente versetur, praesenti auctoritate decernimus, ut ea, quae retro principum constiterint humanitate deputata, supra memorata ecclesia sine aliqua imminutione percipiat, manente poena etiam pervasori. qui et veterum dona et ecclesiae probatur violasse compendia.

[2] But since we wish to make no use at all of their frauds, especially since it is engaged, with a detestable mind, in the loss of the poor, by the present authority we decree that those things which formerly have stood as assigned by the humanity of the princes the above-mentioned church shall receive without any diminution, the penalty also remaining for the usurper. who is proven to have violated both the gifts of the ancients and the resources of the church.

XXI. GEMELLO V. S. THEODERICUS REX.

21. THEODERIC THE KING TO GEMELLUS, A DISTINGUISHED MAN.

[1] Quamvis efficaciam tuam insistere credamus iniunctis et studiose deflectere quae nobis cognoveris displicere, tamen sollicitum ammonitio nostra non deserit, ut instructior reddaris, dum infra scriptis brevibus definita susceperis. proinde ordinatio nostra nulli videri debet ingrata, cum necessitas temporis excuset onera iussionis.

[1] Although we believe your efficacy to persist in the things enjoined and studiously to deflect what you have come to know displeases us, nevertheless our admonition does not desert the solicitous, that you may be rendered more instructed, as you shall have taken up the matters defined in the brief writings below. Therefore our ordinance ought to seem unwelcome to no one, since the necessity of the time excuses the burdens of the injunction.

[2] Esto itaque ad iniuncta sollicitus, quia licet sit semper adhibenda, maxima tamen utilis est in necessitate custodia. parebis ergo commonitus, ut sic possis cum provincialibus agere, quemadmodum nos eis respicis velle praestare, quatenus securus de nostra gratia consequaris, quicquid sollicitus de pravo studio habere contempseris.

[2] Therefore be solicitous about the things enjoined, for although watchfulness ought always to be applied, yet in necessity it is most useful. parebis ergo, thus admonished, so that you may be able to deal with the provincials in the very way that you perceive us to wish to bestow to them; to the end that, secure in our favor, you may obtain whatever, being solicitous, you have scorned to have by perverse zeal.

XXII. ARGOLICO V. I. P. U. THEODERICUS REX.

22. THEODERIC THE KING TO ARGOLICUS, A MOST ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, PREFECT OF THE CITY.

[1] Intolerabilis excessus est, qui supernae maiestatis adfectat iniuriam et oblitus pietatis crudelia sectatur erroris. quem enim sperabit veniae locum, qui reverendum contempsit auctorem? abscedat ritus e medio iam profanus: conticeseat poenale murmur animarum.

[1] It is an intolerable excess which attempts an injury against the supernal majesty and, forgetful of piety, pursues the cruel things of error. For what place of pardon will he hope for, who has despised the reverend Author? Let the profane rite now withdraw from the midst: let the penal murmur of souls fall silent.

versari non licet in magicis artibus temporibus Christianis.

it is not permitted to be engaged in magical arts in Christian times.

[2] Magnitudinis itaque tuae relatione comperimus Basilium atque Praetextatum, artis sinistrae iam diu contagione pollutos, in accusationem tui examinis personarum intentione deductos. super qua re nostram te asseris spectare sententiam, ut confidentius fiat quod pietatis nostrae mandat auctoritas.

[2] Therefore by Your Greatness’s report we have learned that Basil and Praetextatus, long defiled by the contagion of the sinister art, have been brought into accusation for your examination at the instigation of persons. Concerning which matter you assert that you look to our judgment, so that what the authority of our piety commands may be done more confidently.

[3] Sed nos, qui nescimus a legibus discrepare, quorum cordi est in omnibus moderatam tenere iustitiam, praesenti auctoritate decernimus, ut quinque senatoribus, id est magnificis et patriciis viris Symmacho Decio Volusiano atque Caeliano nec non illustri viro Maximiano, hanc causam legitima examinatione pensetis. et per omnia iuris ordine custodito, si crimen quod intenditur fuerit comprobatum, ipsarum quoque legum districtione plectatur, ut rei abditi atque secreti per hoc vindictae genus a culpis talibus arceantur, quos ad leges trahere non potest incerta notitia.

[3] But we, who do not know how to deviate from the laws, whose heart it is in all things to hold to moderated justice, by present authority decree that, with five senators—namely the magnificent and patrician men Symmachus, Decius, Volusianus, and Caelianus, and also the illustrious man Maximianus—you should weigh this case with a legitimate examination. And with the order of law preserved in all things, if the crime that is intended (alleged) shall have been proven, let him be punished by the very stricture of the laws themselves, so that persons hidden and secret may by this genus of vindicta be kept back from such faults, whom uncertain notice cannot draw to the laws.

[4] De qua re illustri viro comiti Arigerno praecepta direximus, ut omnium violenta defensione summota, si se occulunt, ad iudicium protrahat impetitos et vobiscum in hac causa residens nec opprimi faciat innoxios nec leges sinat evadere criminosos.

[4] Concerning which matter we have directed precepts to the illustrious man, Count Arigernus, that, all violent defense being removed, if they conceal themselves, he should draw forth to judgment the persons charged, and, sitting with you in this case, neither cause the innocents to be oppressed nor allow the criminals to evade the laws.

XXIII. ARIGERNO V. I. COMITI THEODERICUS REX.

23. THEODERIC THE KING TO ARIGERNUS, AN ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, COUNT.

[1] Quamvis oporteat commissam tibi disciplinam Romanae civitatis in omnibus custodiri, tamen in eis maxime studiosior esse debes, quae nostra tibi auctoritate delegata cognoscis, ut circa te augeat gratiam custodita iustitia et augmenta sumas nostri iudicii, qui nobis hactenus de integritate placuisti.

[1] Although it is fitting that the discipline of the Roman commonwealth entrusted to you be guarded in all things, yet in those matters you ought to be most zealous which you recognize to have been delegated to you by our authority, so that, with justice kept, favor may increase around you, and you may take augmentations of our judgment, you who have hitherto pleased us by your integrity.

[2] Praefectus igitur urbis sua nobis relatione declaravit Basilium atque Praetextatum magicis artibus involutos impeti accusatione multorum: quos elapsos intimat mentis alienatione custodum. eos te praecipimus ubicumque repertos ad iudicium quinquevirale ducere, quod in praesenti negotio nostra delegavit auctoritas, ubi te residere censemus, ut violenta omnium defensione summota hanc causam discuti facias legibus et finiri.

[2] Therefore the Prefect of the City, by his report to us, has declared that Basil and Praetextatus, entangled in magic arts, are being attacked by the accusation of many: he reports that they slipped away through the alienation of mind of the guards. We order you to lead them, wherever found, to the quinqueviral judgment, which in the present matter our authority has delegated, where we judge you to sit, so that, with the violent defense of all removed, you may cause this case to be examined by the laws and brought to an end.

[3] Et si rei criminis, cuius impetuntur, fuerint approbati, sententiam subeant, quam iuris definita sanxerunt. si vero innocentia eorum detestabili pulsatur invidia, opprimi eos nulla ratione patiaris, quia in omnibus causis consideratione divina illud fieri volumus, quod opinionem nostrae pietatis accumulat.

[3] And if they are proven guilty of the crime with which they are charged, let them undergo the sentence which the definitions of law have sanctioned. But if their innocence is being assailed by detestable envy, allow them by no means to be oppressed, because in all cases, with divine consideration, we wish that to be done which accumulates the reputation of our piety.

XXIIII. HELPIDIO DIACONO THEODERICUS REX.

24. THEODERIC THE KING TO HELPIDIUS THE DEACON.

[1] In lucrum cedunt quae bene meritis conferuntur et de ipso munere magis adquiritur, cum optimis digna praestantur. petitionis tuae proinde tenore comperimus loca in Spoletina civitate, quae iam longo situ squalor vetustatis obnuberat, splendorem reparationis expetere, ut rebus antiquitate confusis novitatis facies adulta reddatur et beneficio tuo rediviva consurgant, quae annositate inclinata corruerant. quod nos, respectu meritorum tuorum et impensi longa sedulitate servitii, libenti animo duximus annuendum, ut et votis iusta poscentium tribuatur effectus et civitati reparationis crescat ornatus.

[1] Those things which are conferred upon the well-deserving turn to profit, and from the gift itself more is acquired when things worthy are bestowed upon the best. Accordingly, by the tenor of your petition we have learned that places in the city of Spoleto, which the squalor of age had already overclouded through long-standing decay, are seeking the splendor of reparation, so that to things thrown into confusion by antiquity a mature visage of novelty may be restored, and by your benefaction there may rise up, revived, those which, bowed by long years, had collapsed. Which we, in regard for your merits and the service expended with long sedulity, have deemed should be granted with a willing spirit, so that both effect may be given to the just wishes of those petitioning, and for the city the adornment of restoration may increase.

[2] Atque ideo petitioni tuae robur praesenti humanitate largimur, ut porticum cum areola post Turasi thermas, si tamen publico usui non deservit, absoluta liberalitate potiaris: quia in licentiam reparationis accipiuntur potius praemia quam donantur. hac igitur auctoritate suffultus in supra dictis locis aedificandi sume fiduciam nec aliquam in posterum metuas quaestionem, cum te et civitatis tuetur utilitas et reverenda principis voluntas.

[2] And therefore we lavish strength upon your petition by present humanity, so that you may obtain, with absolute liberality, the portico with the little plot behind the Thermae of Turasi, if indeed it does not serve public use: for, in the license of reparation, rewards are rather received than bestowed. Therefore, supported by this authority, take confidence to build in the aforesaid places, and fear no question hereafter, since both the utility of the city and the reverend will of the prince protect you.

XXV. ARGOLICO V. I. P. U. THEODERICUS REX.

25. THEODERIC THE KING TO ARGOLICUS, AN ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, PREFECT OF THE CITY.

[1] Constat eum de se praesumere, qui ad sacri ordinis cupit fastigia pervenire. merita enim suggerunt bonae appetentiae nisus et in qualitate desiderii potest mens honesta cognosci. quis enim palaestricae artis ignarus in stadium luctaturus introeat?

[1] It is evident that he presumes upon himself who desires to reach the heights of the sacred order. For merits suggest the exertions of good appetite, and in the quality of desire the honest mind can be known. For who, ignorant of the palaestric art, would enter the stadium about to wrestle?

aut quis certamini misceatur, quod virtutis conscientia non suadet? in ipsis conatibus aegra languescunt, quae meritorum praesumptionibus non iuvantur.

or who would engage in a contest which the conscience of virtue does not advise? in the very endeavors, those things languish which are not aided by presumptions of merits.

[2] Praeconiorum ergo professio est collegium desiderasse summorum bonumque de se iudicium tradit, qui celsae gradus expetit dignitatis. his igitur desideriis pietas se nostra libenter indulget, qui etiam in spe erigimus vota marcentia, ut, dum provectus quaeritur, probitatis studia plus amentur.

[2] Therefore it is a public proclamation to have desired the college of the highest, and he who seeks the steps of lofty dignity delivers a good judgment about himself. To these desires, therefore, our piety willingly indulges itself, we who even in hope erect drooping vows, so that, while advancement is sought, the pursuits of probity may be loved the more.

[3] Proinde illustris magnificentia tua Petrum parentum luce conspicuum suaque iam gravitate senatorem in album sacri ordinis secundum priscam consuetudinem curet referri, ut et tanto coetui proficiat numerus et candidato de sacro ordine crescat ornatus.

[3] Therefore let your illustrious magnificence take care that Peter, conspicuous by the light of his parents and already by his own gravitas a senator, be entered in the roll of the sacred order according to ancient consuetude, so that both the number may profit so great an assembly and the ornament may grow for the candidate from the sacred order.

XXVI. UNIVERSIS MASSILIA CONSTITUTIS THEODERICUS REX.

26. THEODERIC THE KING TO ALL THE RESIDENTS AT MARSEILLES.

[1] Libenti animo antiqua circa vos beneficia custodimus, cum nova utilitatibus vestris praestare cupiamus. servare quippe terminos ignorat humanitas et novellis decet blandiri beneficiis post longa tempora restitutis.

[1] With a willing spirit we preserve the ancient benefactions toward you, while we desire to bestow new ones for your utilities; for humanity, indeed, does not know how to keep boundaries, and it is fitting to soothe with new benefactions the benefactions restored after a long time.

[2] Proinde immunitatem vobis, quam regionem vestram constat principum privilegio consecutam, hac auctoritate largimur nec vobis aliquid novae praesumptionis patiemur imponi, quos ab omni volumus gravamine vindicari. censum praeterea praesentis anni relaxat vobis munificentia principalis, ut et illa possitis accipere quae vos non contigit postulasse. ipsa est enim perfecta pietas, quae antequam flectatur precibus, novit considerare fatigatos.

[2] Accordingly, by this authority we bestow upon you the immunity which it is established your region has obtained by the privilege of princes; nor shall we allow anything of new presumption to be imposed upon you, whom we wish to be vindicated from every burden. Moreover, the princely munificence remits to you the assessment of the present year, so that you may even be able to receive those things which it has not befallen you to have requested. For this is perfect piety, which, before it is bent by petitions, knows how to consider the wearied.

XXVII. TUTIZAR SAIONI THEODERICUS REX.

27. THEODERIC THE KING TO TUTIZAR THE SAIO.

[1] Detestabilis est quidem omnis iniuria et quicquid contra leges admittitur iusta execratione damnatur: sed malorum omnium probatur extremum inde detrimenta suscipere, unde credebantur auxilia provenire. exaggerat enim culpam in contrarium versa crudelitas et maius reatui pondus est inopinata deceptio.

[1] Detestable indeed is every injury, and whatever is committed against the laws is condemned by just execration; but the worst of all evils is judged to be to sustain detriments from the very quarter whence aids were believed to proceed. For cruelty turned to the contrary exaggerates the fault, and unexpected deception is a heavier weight upon guilt.

[2] Vir spectabilis itaque Petrus ammiranda nobis sorte conquestus est saionis Amarae tuitionem, quam ei contra violentos indulsimus, in se potius fuisse grassatam, ita ut ictum gladii in se demersum aliquatenus postium retardaret obiectio: subiecta est vulneri manus, quae ut in totum truncata non caderet, ianuarum percussa robora praestiterunt: ubi lassato impetu corusca ferri acies corporis extrema perstrinxit.

[2] A man of Spectabilis rank, therefore, Peter, has complained to us, by a marvel-worthy turn, that the tuition of the saio Amaras, which we granted to him against violent men, had rather made an assault upon himself, to such an extent that the stroke of a sword, plunged into him, was somewhat delayed by the interposition of the doorposts: the hand was put under the wound, which, in order that it might not fall wholly truncated, the smitten timbers of the doors provided: where, the impetus being wearied, the flashing edge of the iron grazed the extremities of the body.

[3] O execrabilem casum! impugnavit hominem auxilium suum et solacii prosperitate subtracta crevit ex defensione necessitas. his multo acerbiora subiungens, ut quasi laesio veniret ad pretium, ita scelus proprium enormi exactione taxatum est.

[3] O execrable mishap! His own help attacked the man, and, the prosperity of solace being withdrawn, necessity grew out of the defense. Adding to these things much more bitter, so that, as if the injury were to come to a price, thus his own crime was assessed with an enormous exaction.

atque ideo iuste in illos pietatis nostrae ira consurgit, qui benigna iussa in truculenta ministeria mutaverunt. nam quae erunt refugia supplicantibus, si et nostra beneficia vulnerabunt?

and therefore rightly the wrath of our piety rises up against those who have turned benign orders into truculent ministries. for what refuges will there be for suppliants, if even our benefactions will wound?

[4] Proinde praesenti iussione censemus, ut quicquid suprascriptus Amara commodi nomine de causis memorati supplicantis accepit, quasi oppugnator ingratus a te constrictus in duplo ei cogatur exsolvere: quia sub poena restitui dignum est, quod improba temeritate constat extortum.

[4] Accordingly by the present injunction we decree that whatever the above‑written Amara received under the name of advantage from the causes of the aforesaid supplicant, as an ungrateful assailant, being constrained by you, he be compelled to pay back to him in double: because it is worthy to be restored under a penalty, that which is established to have been extorted by wicked temerity.

[5] De plaga vero, quam educto gladio temerarius praesumptor inflixit, ad iudicium comitis Dudae saepe dictus saio te compellente veniat audiendus, ut secundum edictorum seriem quae male commissa claruerint, sine aliqua dilatione componat. tuitionem vero postulanti contra inciviles impetus ex nostra iussione salva civilitate praestabis, non exemplo accusati, sed consideratione decenter electi.

[5] As to the blow which the temerarious presumptor inflicted with a drawn sword, let the oft-mentioned saio, you compelling, come to the judgment of Count Duda to be heard, so that, according to the sequence of the edicts, he may, without any delay, compose what misdeeds shall have become clear. And you will furnish protection, at our command and with civility preserved, to the petitioner against uncivil assaults, not after the example of the accused, but with the consideration of one decorously chosen.

XXVIII. DUDAE V. S. COMITI THEODERICUS REX.

28. THEODERIC THE KING TO DUDA, A MAN OF SPECTABLE RANK, COUNT.

[1] Conscientiam probamus, cui iudicanda committimus, quia dignus est inter alios sequenda decernere, qui sibi modum visus est legitimae conversationis imponere. Petrus itaque vir spectabilis Amaram saionem nostrum, qui contrario omine pro eius tuitione directus est, educto gladio se asserit vulnerasse defensoremque fecisse, quod vix inimicus potuisset audere. hoc te et legitima volumus disceptatione cognoscere et probabili sententia terminare: quatenus nullus temptare ausus sit, quod nobis displicere cognoscit.

[1] We approve the conscience to which we commit things to be judged, because he is worthy, among others, to determine what is to be followed, who has seemed to impose upon himself the measure of legitimate conduct. Therefore Peter, a man of distinction, asserts that, with sword drawn, he wounded Amaras, our saio, who, by a contrary omen, had been sent for his protection, and made him a defender—something which scarcely an enemy could have dared. This we wish you both to ascertain by lawful disceptation and to conclude with a probable sentence: to the end that no one may dare to attempt what he knows displeases us.

XXVIIII. ARGOLICO V. I. P. U. THEODERICUS REX.

29. THEODERIC THE KING TO ARGOLICUS, A MOST ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, PREFECT OF THE CITY.

[1] Si loci vestri cogitaretur auctoritas, si reverentiae cura Romanae, ultro debueratis expetere, in quibus arguimini. quid enim praesenti tempore potuistis culmini urbano tam proprium quam senatus crementa cogitare, quando famae praesulis proficit, quod ordo sacer adquirit?

[1] If the authority of your station were considered, if care for Roman reverence, you ought of your own accord to have sought the very things in which you are being arraigned. For what at the present time could you have thought so proper for the urban eminence as the augmentations of the Senate, since what the sacred order acquires profits the fame of the prelate?

[2] Sed quantum viri clarissimi Armentarii testatur missa suggestio, in contrarium foedo ambitu de mora quaeritis commoda, cuius vos optare debuisse constat augmenta. quid enim amplius esse possit incongruum, quam nostris iussionibus expeditis supplicantium vota suspendere et post sacrae praeceptionis affatum, si dici fas est, adhuc regium suspendisse iudicium?

[2] But, so far as the submitted suggestion of the most distinguished man Armentarius attests, you seek advantages from delay in the contrary direction by foul canvassing, whose augmentations it is evident you ought to have desired. For what could be more incongruous than, with our commands expedited, to suspend the petitions of suppliants, and after the utterance of the sacred precept—if it may be said—to have still suspended the royal judgment?

[3] Sed nos, quibus cordi est post primam culpam non statim desiderare vindictam, ad ammonitionem potius iussa convertimus, ne sit nostra districtio nimia, quam lenis patientia non praecedat. ideoque praesenti auctoritate decernimus, ut iussionibus nostris nulla dilationis calliditas afferatur, quia non habet veniae locum, qui delinquit ammonitus.

[3] But we, to whom it is at heart, after a first fault, not to desire vengeance immediately, turn our orders rather to admonition, lest our severity be excessive, not preceded by gentle patience. And therefore by the present authority we decree that to our commands no cunning of delay be brought, because he has no place for pardon who offends after being admonished.

XXX. ALBINO V. I. PATRICIO THEODERICUS REX.

30. THEODERIC THE KING TO ALBINUS, AN ILLUSTRIOUS MAN, PATRICIAN.

[1] Decet quidem cunctos patriae suae augmenta cogitare, sed eos maxime, quos res publica sibi summis honoribus obligavit, quia ratio rerum est, ut eum necesse sit plus debere, qui visus est maiora suscipere.

[1] It befits indeed all to consider the augmentations of their fatherland, but especially those whom the Republic has bound to itself with the highest honors, because the rationale of affairs is that he must owe more who has been seen to undertake greater things.

[2] Porrecta itaque supplicatione testatus es Curvae porticus, quae iuxta domum Palmatam posita forum in modum areae decenter includit, superimponendis fabricis licentiam condonari, ut et privatarum aedium habitatio protendatur et antiquis moenibus novitatis crescat aspectus. ita fit, ut, quod per incuriam poterat labi, manentum videatur diligentia sustineri, quia facilis est aedificiorum ruina incolarum subtracta custodia et cito vetustatis decoctione resolvitur, quod hominum praesentia non tuetur.

[2] With a supplication therefore presented, you testified that the Curved Portico, which, placed next to the Domus Palmata, decently encloses, in the manner of a forum, a space like a courtyard, should be granted license for superimposing structures, so that both the habitation of private houses may be extended and, upon ancient walls, the aspect of novelty may grow. Thus it comes about that what could slip through negligence seems to be sustained by the diligence of those remaining, for the ruin of buildings is easy when the guardianship of inhabitants is withdrawn, and what the presence of men does not safeguard is quickly dissolved by the decoction of old age.

[3] Unde nos, qui urbem fabricarum surgentium cupimus nitore componi, facultatem concedimus postulatam, ita tamen, si res petita aut utilitati publicae non officit aut decori. quapropter rebus speratis securus innitere, ut dignus Romanis fabricis habitator appareas perfectumque opus suum laudet auctorem. nulla enim res est, per quam melius possit agnosci et prudentis ingenium at largitatis effectus.

[3] Whence we, who desire the city to be composed with the luster of rising fabrications, grant the requested permission—yet on this condition, if the thing sought does not offend either public utility or decorum. Wherefore, rely securely upon the hoped-for things, so that you may appear an inhabitant worthy of Roman works, and the perfected work may praise its author. For there is nothing by which both the ingenuity of a prudent man and the effect of largesse can be better recognized.

XXXI. AEMILIANO VIRO VENERABILI EPISCOPO THEODERICUS REX.

31. THEODERIC THE KING TO AEMILIANUS, A VENERABLE MAN, BISHOP.

[1] Ad finem debet perducere, quae prudentum intentio visa est suscepisse, quia sicut perfecta laudem pariunt, ita vituperationem generant, quae in mediis conatibus aegra deseruntur. defectus enim rerum aut consilium titubare aut vires arguit defuisse. quapropter sanctitas vestra a tali oblocutione refugiens, quae in aquae ductu reficiendo probabili cura ex nostra auctoritate suscepit, celeriter ad effectum faciat pervenire.

[1] One ought to bring to an end what the intention of prudent men has seemed to have undertaken; for just as things perfected beget praise, so those that are feebly deserted amid endeavors generate vituperation. For a defect of resources argues either that the counsel wavered or that the forces were lacking. Wherefore, Your Sanctity, fleeing from such obloquy, let quickly bring to effect that which, in repairing the aqueduct, with commendable care and by our authority, you have undertaken.

[2] Nam quid aptius quam ut sitienti plebi provideat aquas sanctissimus sacerdos et humana providentia satiet quos etiam miraculis pascere debuisset? imitaris enim antiquissimum Moysen, qui Israhelitico populo longa ariditate siccato de saxi sterilitate copiosos latices eduxit et ad implendum miraculum inde fecit currere umidos liquores, ubi erat sicca durities. tu autem si fontes irriguos saxorum constructione deducis, hoc labore tuo praestas populis, quod ille miraculis.

[2] For what is more apt than that the most holy priest provide waters for the thirsting plebeian populace, and by human providence satiate those whom he ought even to have fed by miracles? For you imitate the most ancient Moses, who, when the Israelitic people had been parched by a long aridity, drew forth copious streams from the sterility of a rock, and, to fulfill the miracle, made moist liquids run thence where there had been dry hardness. But you, if you lead down irrigating springs by a construction of stones, by this labor of yours you furnish to the peoples what he did by miracles.

XXXII. DUDAE SAIONI THEODERICUS REX.

32. THEODERIC THE KING TO DUDA THE SAIO.

[1] Cum in omnibus causis velimus iustitiam custodiri, quia regni decus est aequitatis affectus, in eis maxime quae fisci nostri nomine proponuntur nequaquam detestabilis calumnia in invidiam regnantes affligat. patimur enim superari salva aequitate per leges, ut inter arma semper possimus esse victores. nam quem licenter subiectus superat, non debellat adversus.

[1] Since in all causes we wish justice to be guarded—for the ornament of the realm is an affection for equity—above all in those which are put forward in the name of our fisc let not by any means detestable calumny afflict those reigning into ill-will. For we allow ourselves to be overcome, equity saved, by the laws, so that amid arms we may always be victors. For him whom a subject overcomes with leave, he does not do battle against as an adversary.

[2] Marini itaque relatione comperimus res Tufae apud Iohannem quondam sub emissione chirographi fuisse depositas. et quia nobis competere manifestum est quod ad proscriptum poterat pertinere, ideoque praesenti auctoritate praecipimus, ut uxorem supra dicti Iohannis filiumque eius Ianuarium moderata exsecutione convenias.

[2] Therefore by the report of Marinus we have learned that the goods of Tufa were once deposited with John under the issuance of a chirograph. and because it is manifest that there is due to us that which could pertain to the assessment, therefore by the present authority we command that you, with moderated execution, convene the wife of the above-said John and his son Januarius.

[3] Qui si intentata iniuste se retinere cognoscunt, aequitatis consideratione restituant: minus ne, competenti sponsione praemissa ad consularem Campaniae veniant legibus audiendi, ut coram partibus positis te imminente, quod forma continet sanctionum divalium, censeatur: ita tamen, ut nullo praeiudicio, nulla iniuria, nullo damno innocentia praegravetur, ne alienae accusationis invidiam tuam facere videaris offensam.

[3] Who, if they recognize that they are unjustly retaining the things sued-for, let them restore them by a consideration of equity: otherwise, with the competent sponsion (pledge) first put forward, let them come to the Consularis of Campania to be heard according to the laws, so that, with the parties set face-to-face and you overseeing, what the form of the imperial sanctions contains may be adjudged: provided, however, that by no prejudice, no injury, no loss is innocence overburdened, lest you seem to make the odium of another’s accusation your own offense.

XXXIII. UNIVERSIS IUDAEIS GENUA CONSTITUTIS THEODERICUS REX.

33. THEODERIC THE KING TO ALL THE JEWS SETTLED AT GENOA.

[1] Custodia legum civilitatis est indicium et reverentia priorum principum nostrae quoque testatur devotionis exemplum. quid enim melius quam plebem sub praecepto degere velle iustitiae, ut conventus multorum disciplinabilium sit adunatio voluntatum? hoc enim populos ab agresti vita in humanae conversationis regulam congregavit.

[1] The guardianship of the laws is a sign of civility, and reverence for former princes bears witness also to an example of our devotion. For what is better than that the common people should wish to live under the precept of justice, so that the gathering of many who are disciplinable may be an adunation of wills? For this gathered peoples from a rustic life into the rule of human conversation.

haec ratio a feritate divisit, ne arbitrio casuali vagarentur, quos regi consilio divina voluerunt.

This principle separated [them] from ferity, lest they wander at the casual arbitry of chance, those whom the divine powers wished to be ruled by counsel.

[2] Oblata itaque supplicatione deposcitis privilegia vobis debere servari, quae Iudaicis institutis legum provida decrevit antiquitas: quod nos libenter annuimus, qui iura veterum ad nostram cupimus reverentiam custodiri. atque ideo praesenti auctoritate censemus, ut quaecumque legum statuta moverunt, circa vos illibata serventur, quatenus quod ad civilitatis usum constat esse repertum, perpeti devotione teneatur.

[2] Therefore, with a supplication presented, you request that the privileges ought to be preserved for you which antiquity, provident in the laws, decreed for the Judaic institutions: which we gladly assent to, we who desire that the rights of the ancients be kept out of our reverence. And therefore by the present authority we decree that whatever the statutes of the laws have ordained be kept inviolate concerning you, to the end that what has been found for the use of civility be held with perpetual devotion.

XXXIIII. DUDAE SAIONI THEODERICUS REX.

34. THEODERIC THE KING TO DUDA THE SAIO.

[1] Prudentiae mos est in humanos usus terris abdita talenta revocare commerciumque viventium non dicere mortuorum, quia et nobis infossa pereunt et illis in nullam partem profutura linquuntur. metallorum quippe ambitus solacia sunt hominum. nam divitis auri vena similis est reliquae terrae, si iaceat: usu crescit ad pretium, quando et apud vivos sepulta sunt, quae tenacium manibus includuntur.

[1] It is the custom of prudence to recall into human uses the talents hidden in the earth, and not to call the commerce of the living that of the dead, because what is buried for us perishes, and for them it is left to be of no profit at all. For indeed the ambit of metals is the solaces of men. For the vein of rich gold is like the rest of earth, if it lies idle: by use it grows to price, since even among the living those things which are enclosed in the hands of the tightfisted are buried.

[2] Atque ideo moderata iussione decernimus, ut ad illum locum, in quo latere plurima suggeruntur, sub publica testificatione convenias: et si aurum, ut dicitur, vel argentum fuerit tua indagatione detectum, compendio publico fideliter vindicabis: ita tamen ut abstineatis manus a cineribus mortuorum, quia nolumus lucra quaeri, quae per funesta possunt scelera reperiri. aedificia tegant cineres, columnae vel marmora ornent sepulcra: talenta non teneant, qui vivendi commercia reliquerunt.

[2] And therefore by a moderate injunction we decree that you come to that place where very many things are suggested to lie hidden, under public attestation: and if gold, as it is said, or silver shall have been detected by your investigation, you will faithfully vindicate it to the public profit; yet on this condition, that you keep your hands off the ashes of the dead, for we do not wish gains to be sought which can be discovered through funereal crimes. Let buildings cover the ashes, let columns or marbles adorn the sepulchres: let not those who have left the commerce of living hold talents.

[3] Aurum enim sepulcris iuste detrahitur, ubi dominus non habetur: immo culpae genus est inutiliter abditis relinquere mortuorum, unde se vita potest sustentare viventium. non est enim cupiditas eripere, quae nullus se dominus ingemiscat amisisse. primi enim dicuntur aurum Aeacus, argentum Indus rex Scythiae repperisse et humano usui summa laude tradidisse.

[3] For gold is justly taken away from sepulchres, where no owner is recognized: nay rather, it is a kind of fault to leave to the dead things uselessly hidden, whereby the life of the living can sustain itself. For it is not cupidity to snatch away what no master groans to have lost. For Aeacus is said first to have discovered gold, and the Indian, king of Scythia, silver, and to have delivered them to human use with the highest praise.

quod nos in contrarium neglegere non debemus, ne sicut latentia cum laude sunt prodita, ita inventa cum vituperatione videantur esse neglecta.

which we ought not, on the contrary, to neglect, lest, just as things concealed have been brought to light with laud, so the things discovered seem to have been neglected with vituperation.

XXXV. ACTORIBUS ALBINI V. I. THEODERICUS REX.

35. THEODERIC THE KING TO THE AGENTS OF ALBINUS, A MOST ILLUSTRIOUS MAN.

[1] Consulto provida decrevit antiquitas minores contractus liberos non habere, ut et insidiantium laquei frustrarentur et lapsis aetas lubrica subveniret. obrueretur quippe innocentia, si relaxaretur audacia, essetque cunctis fallendi studium, si fraus subrepticium lucraretur effectum.

[1] Deliberately provident antiquity decreed that minors should not have free contracts, so that the snares of those lying in wait might be frustrated and that a slippery age might be helped when it had slipped. For innocence would be overwhelmed if audacity were let loose, and there would be for all a zeal for deceiving, if fraud were to profit by a surreptitious success.

[2] Et ideo priscae consuetudinis supplicatione porrecta suggeritis patronum vestrum in annis minoribus constitutum facultatibus suis potius aggregasse dispendia, dum ignara pueritia contraria gerit, quae profutura putaverit, et nunc id tempus aetatis agere, quo lapsui possimus per ignorantiam subvenire, allegantes, ut quod iura tribuerunt, nostra quoque beneficia largiantur.

[2] And therefore, with a supplication of ancient custom presented, you submit that your patron, being in lesser years, has rather aggregated losses to his faculties, while ignorant puerility conducts contrary things which he supposed would be beneficial; and that now he is passing that time of age in which we can come to the aid of a lapse through ignorance, alleging that what the laws have granted our benefactions likewise may bestow.

[3] Atque ideo, si petitio vestra a veritate non deviat et intra annorum spatia deget, quibus hoc beneficium leges sacratissimae praestiterunt, nihilque est quod iure contra referatur, patronum vestrum sollemniter causa cognita in integrum restitui nostra quoque permittit auctoritas, ita tamen, ut omnia secundum iustitiam legesque peragantur, quia sic supplicantibus consulere volumus, ut eorum adversarios per iniustitiam non gravemus.

[3] And therefore, if your petition does not deviate from the truth and remains within the span of years in which the most sacred laws have granted this benefit, and there is nothing that can in law be alleged against it, our authority likewise permits that your patron, upon solemn cognition of the cause, be restored in full (to the status quo ante); yet on the condition that all things be carried out according to justice and the laws, for thus we wish to consult for petitioners, that we may not burden their adversaries by injustice.

XXXVI. FAUSTO PPO THEODERICUS REX.

36. THEODERIC THE KING TO FAUSTUS, PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Providentissimi principis est graviter imminutis relinquere tributariam functionem, ut redivivis studiis ad implenda sollemnia recreentur qui pressi damnorum acerbitate defecerant. nam si fessis minime relevetur onus, necessitate cernitur iacere prostratus. melius est enim praesentia damna contemnere quam exiguo quaestu perpetua commoda non habere.

[1] It is the mark of a most provident prince to relinquish the tributary function for those gravely diminished, so that, with pursuits revived, those who had failed, pressed by the bitterness of losses, may be refreshed to fulfill the solemnities. For if the burden is in no way relieved for the weary, it is seen by necessity that the overthrown lies prostrate. For it is better to contemn present losses than, for a scant gain, not to have perpetual advantages.

[2] Atque ideo illustris magnificentia tua provincialibus Alpium Cottiarum assem publicum per tertiam indictionem nos relaxasse cognoscat, quos transiens noster exercitus more fluminis, dum irrigavit, oppressit. nam licet pro generali securitate frementi adunatione proruperit, praeteriens tamen istorum culta vastavit. radit enim semper fluvius alveum suum et licet molliter egrediens vicina fecundet, illud tamen reddit sterile, quo collectus influxerit.

[2] And therefore let your illustrious magnificence know that we have remitted to the provincials of the Cottian Alps the public as for the third indiction, whom our army, passing through in the manner of a river, while it watered, overwhelmed. For although for the general security it burst forth with a roaring muster, yet in passing it ravaged the cultivated lands of these men. For a river always scrapes its own channel, and although, going forth softly, it makes the neighboring places fecund, yet it renders sterile that into which, when gathered, it has flowed in.

[3] Unde necesse fuit civica vastatione deiectis porrigere dexteram salutarem, ne ingrati dicant se perisse solos pro defensione cunctorum: misceantur potius laetitiae, qui viam Italiae defensoribus praestiterunt. tributa enim non debent tristes exigi, per quos tributarios feliciter adquisivi. dicat pro illis noster animus, quod regi non potest imputare subiectus.

[3] Whence it was necessary to extend a saving right hand to those cast down by civic devastation, lest the ungrateful say that they alone have perished for the defense of all: let joys rather be commingled for those who provided the way of Italy to the defenders. For tributes ought not to be exacted in sadness from those by whom I have happily acquired tributaries. Let our spirit speak on their behalf that which a subject cannot impute to the king.

emimus nostro dispendio prosperitatem Gothorum: nos necessaria praebuimus, ut hostis vinceretur illaesus.

We bought at our own expense the prosperity of the Goths: we provided the necessaries, so that the enemy might be conquered without harm.

XXXVII. THEODAGUNDAE ILLUSTRI FEMINAE THEODERICUS REX.

37. THEODERIC THE KING TO THEODAGUNDA, AN ILLUSTRIOUS WOMAN.

[1] Decet prudentiae vestrae curam subiectorum negotiis adhibere custodiam, quia vobis ordinantibus illa fieri debent quae regiam possunt demonstrare praesentiam. sic enim credimus, quia memor natalium tuorum a te abicias omne vitiosum et illa sola diligere possis, quae et nos amare cognoscis. proavorum forsitan oblitterentur exempla, si longi generis minus facta recolantur: similes autem filii patrum praeconia mox sequuntur.

[1] It befits your prudence to apply custodial care to the affairs of subjects, because, with you ordering, those things ought to be done which can demonstrate the royal presence. For thus we believe: that, mindful of your natal origins, you cast away everything vicious and can love only those things which you know that we also love. The examples of forefathers perhaps would be obliterated, if the deeds of a long lineage are less recollected; but similar sons soon follow the praises of their fathers.

[2] Renatus itaque flebili nobis aditione conquestus est vobis delegantibus cognitores iudicatum se contra Inquilinam nomine post longa temporis intervalla meruisse et excubiis damnisque confecto vestram tandem prospexisse iustitiam: nec tamen litigatoris improbam cessare calumniam, dum redivivis litibus tenuitatem insequitur supplicantis, ut non tam vincendi votum quam adversarii videatur quaesisse detrimentum.

[2] Renatus, therefore, with a tearful petition to us, complained that, you appointing cognitors, he had come to be adjudged against one named Inquilina after long intervals of time, and, worn out by watches and losses, had at length discerned your justice; yet the litigator’s wicked calumny does not cease, while with redivive lawsuits he pursues the petitioner’s poverty, so that he seems to have sought not so much the desire of winning as the adversary’s detriment.

[3] Quapropter si vobis iubentibus iudicata cognoscitis nec constat adversarium provocasse legaliter, finitum iure negotium in sua manere facite firmitate, ne longa quaestio litigantium non tam augeat patrimonia, sed evertat et quod fit ambitu lucri, causa videatur esse dispendii.

[3] Wherefore, if you, ordering, recognize the judgments as rendered and it is not established that the adversary has appealed legally, make the matter finished in law remain in its own firmness, lest a long dispute of litigants not so much increase patrimonies as overturn them, and what is done by the ambition of gain seem to be a cause of loss.

XXXVIII. FAUSTO PPO THEODERICUS REX.

38. THEODERIC THE KING TO FAUSTUS, PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Cum omnes rei publicae nostrae partes aequabiliter desideremus augeri, crementa tamen fiscalium tributorum iustissimo sunt pensanda iudicio, quia servientium imminutio est huius illationis accessio quantumque pars illa proficit, tantum se haec a firmitate subducit. sed a nobis, qui fisci utilitatem stabili volumus diuturnitate consistere, excludenda est dispendiosa semper enormitas, ne augmento suo tumens summa deficiat incipiatque magis deesse, quia immaniter visa est accrevisse.

[1] While we desire that all parts of our commonwealth be increased evenly, yet the increments of fiscal tributes must be weighed by a most just judgment, because the diminution of those who serve is the addition of this imposition; and the more that part profits, by so much does this withdraw itself from firmness. But by us, who wish the utility of the fisc to stand by stable long duration, a wasteful, ever-present enormity must be excluded, lest the sum, swelling by its own augmentation, fail and begin rather to be lacking, because it has appeared to have increased monstrously.

[2] Proinde illustris magnitudo tua Gravassianos atque Pontonates nobis supplicasse cognoscat a Ianuario, sed et Probo discussoribus iniquis se oneribus ingravatos, cum sterilitas ieiuna locorum nulla sibi fieri augmenta patiatur. repugnante siquidem natura quaelibet cedit industria, nec prodest studium laboris impendere, quem ubertas loci non cognoscitur adiuvare. ibi potest census addi, ubi cultura profecerit.

[2] Accordingly let your Illustrious Magnitude know that the Gravassians and the Pontonates have supplicated to us, that by Januarius, and also by Probus, unjust assessors, they have been weighed down with burdens, since the lean sterility of the regions allows no augmentations to be made for them. For when nature resists, any industry yields, nor does it profit to expend the zeal of labor which the fertility of the place is not known to aid. There can the census be added, where culture has made progress.

inde et varia tributa, quia non est agrorum una fecunditas.

Hence also varied tributes, because there is not one fecundity of the fields.

[3] Atque ideo consuetudinem eis pristinam censemus esse revocandam, ut sicut Odovacris tempore tributa solverunt, ita et nunc ab eis publicis utilitatibus serviatur: et si quid amplius probatur adiectum, consideratione defectarum virium summovemus. nolumus enim tale aliquid indici, quod sit necesse removeri.

[3] And therefore we judge that their former custom is to be restored to them, so that just as in the time of Odoacer they paid tributes, so also now the public utilities may be served by them: and if anything further is proven to have been added, we remove it with a consideration of their diminished resources. For we do not wish anything of such a kind to be imposed as an assessment which it would be necessary to remove.

XXXVIIII. THEODAHADO V. I. THEODERICUS REX.

39. THEODERIC THE KING TO THEODAHAD, AN ILLUSTRIOUS MAN.

[1] Inter ceteras, quibus humanum genus sollicitatur, inlecebras praecipue vitanda est alienarum rerum turpis ambitio, quia in immensum iactata rapitur, si iustitiae ponderibus non prematur. avaritiam siquidem radicem esse omnium malorum et lectio divina testatur, quae tali sorte punita est, ut cum multa rapiat, semper egeat, quam propter vicinitatem generis nostri sic in animis vestris coalescere nolumus, ut illi nec initia concedamus.

[1] Among the other enticements by which the human race is solicited, the base ambition for alien things is especially to be avoided, because, flung into the immense, it is swept away unless it be pressed down by the weights of justice. For the divine lection also bears witness that avarice is the root of all evils, which is punished with such a lot that, though it snatches up many things, it is always in need; which, on account of its vicinity to our kind, we are unwilling so to coalesce in your souls that we grant it not even the beginnings.

[2] Quid enim faciunt sordes animorum in splendore natalium? illud te potius decet eligere, quod nos possit ornare. Hamali sanguinis virum non decet vulgare desiderium, quia genus suum conspicit esse purpuratum.

[2] For what are the stains of spirits doing in the splendor of birth? It befits you rather to choose that which can adorn us. A man of Amal blood does not befit a vulgar desire, since he beholds his race to be purpled.

corrigamus itaque te per incitamenta praeconii, in quo adhuc non debemus esse districti.

Let us therefore correct you through the incentives of proclamation, in which we ought not yet to be strict.

[3] Domitius itaque vir spectabilis data nobis supplicatione conquestus est, possessiones iuris sui, id est illam atque illam, ab hominibus vestris neglectis legibus fuisse pervasas, dum civiliter oportuit recipi, si iure videbatur exposci.

[3] Therefore Domitius, a man of distinguished rank, having submitted to us a supplication, complained that the possessions of his right, that is, that one and that one, had been seized by your men, the laws being neglected, whereas they ought to have been recovered civilly, if they seemed to be demanded by right.

[4] Sed quia de vobis non patimur diutius obscura iactari, qui generis claritate fulgetis, praesenti auctoritate censemus, ut imminente Duda saione nostro, si momenti tempora suffragantur, occupata nuper cum omnibus, quae direpta sunt, supplicanti faciatis sine aliqua dilatione restitui.

[4] But since we do not allow obscurities to be bandied about any longer concerning you, you who shine with the clarity of lineage, by this present authority we decree that, with Duda our bailiff at hand, if the moments of opportunity concur, the things lately seized, together with all that were despoiled, you shall cause to be restored to the suppliant without any delay.

[5] Et si quid partibus vestris de legibus creditis posse competere, instructam personam ad nostrum comitatum destinare vos convenit, ut intentionibus partium sub aequitate discussis feratur sententia, quam iuris dictat auctoritas. generosos quippe viros omnia convenit sub moderata civilitate peragere, quia tantum potentibus laesionis crescit invidia, quantum premi posse creditur, qui fortuna inferior comprobatur.

[5] And if you believe that anything can pertain to your side from the laws, it is fitting that you dispatch a prepared person to our court, so that, the claims of the parties having been examined under equity, a sentence may be rendered which the authority of law dictates. for it befits noble-born men to carry all things through under moderated civility, because the odium of injury grows against the powerful in proportion as he is believed able to be pressed who is proved to be of inferior fortune.

XL. ACTORIBUS PROBINI V. I. THEODERICUS REX.

40. THEODERIC THE KING TO THE AGENTS OF PROBINUS, A MOST DISTINGUISHED MAN.

[1] Districtius aliqua iubere compellimur amore iustitiae, dum circa minores fortunas clementiora sunt nostri pectoris instituta. trahit enim ad misericordiam, qui potuit subdi, et hoc habet beneficium mediocritatis suae, ut probatione salva interim moveat ad dolorem, quia crudelitas sublevat humiles, premit invidia potiores.

[1] We are compelled to order some things more strictly by love of justice, while around lesser fortunes the ordinances of our breast are more clement. for he who has been able to be subjected draws toward mercy, and this has the benefit of his mediocrity, that, with the proof intact, meanwhile he moves us to sorrow, because cruelty lifts up the humble, envy presses the more powerful.

[2] Datis itaque precibus allegatis Basilium virum spectabilem nostra dudum praecepta meruisse, ut possessio Arcinatina, quam patronus vester a coniuge eius Agapita iuris fuerat sollemnitate mercatus, postposita dilatione cum documentis omnibus praedicto coniugi redderetur, dum a suis penetralibus sollicitatam lacrimabili conquestione quereretur uxorem: addentes more nostrae iustitiae postea fuisse praeceptum, ut, si patroni vestri de causae qualitate praesumerent, ad nostrum comitatum ocius destinarent, ut quae ratione convenire poterant, velut a iustitiae fontibus emanarent.

[2] Accordingly, with petitions having been given, you allege that Basil, a man of Spectabilis rank, had some time ago merited our precepts, to the effect that the Arcinatine possession, which your patron had, by the solemnity of law, purchased from his spouse Agapita, should, delay set aside, together with all documents, be returned to the aforesaid spouse, while he was lamenting with a tearful complaint that his wife, disturbed from her own inner chambers, was being harassed: adding that, in the manner of our justice, it was afterwards commanded that, if your patrons should presume anything about the quality of the cause, they should the more swiftly be dispatched to our comitatus (court), so that the things which could agree by reason might, as it were, flow forth from the fountains of justice.

[3] Quapropter si nullo mendacio asserta vitiantur, per officium nostrae sedis Basilium decernimus ammoneri, ut, si non nihil est, quod pro suis partibus possit opponere, quominus in hac causa pulsetur, vestris intentionibus responsurus occurrat, seu ad comitatum venire seu in competenti foro iurgare maluerit, quia nullis necessitatem longinquitatis imponimus, nisi qui suis hoc commodis expedire cognoscunt. in locum siquidem beneficii nostram praesentiam damus: et ideo non debet invitis imponi, quod meretur optari.

[3] Wherefore, if the assertions are not vitiated by any falsehood, through the office of our seat we decree that Basil be admonished, that, if there is anything which he can oppose on his own side to prevent his being impleaded in this case, he should present himself to answer your intentions, whether he should prefer to come to the comitatus or to litigate in the competent forum; for we impose the necessity of remoteness on no one, except on those who recognize this to be expedient for their own conveniences. For in place of a benefit we grant our presence: and therefore that ought not to be imposed on the unwilling which deserves to be desired.

XLI. IOHANNI ARCHIATRO THEODERICUS REX.

41. THEODERIC THE KING TO JOHN THE ARCHIATER.

[1] Propositum regale est pressis labe fortunae pietatis remedio subvenire et acerbos casus iniuriae meliore sorte mutare. data siquidem supplicatione conquereris virum spectabilem Vivianum legum artificio, quo callet, elatum, personam tuam obiectis criminationibus insecutum et eo usque perventum, ut indefensus contra iuris ordinem vicarii urbis Romae sententia damnareris: nunc autem religiosae mentis affectu odia mundana damnasse auctorique suo tuum displicuisse periculum.

[1] It is a royal purpose to succor those pressed by the stain of Fortune with the remedy of piety, and to change the bitter cases of injury into a better lot. For, a supplication having been presented, you complain that a man of Spectabilis rank, Vivianus, puffed up by the artifice of the laws, in which he is skilled, has pursued your person with criminations hurled, and it has come to such a point that, undefended, against the order of law, you were condemned by the sentence of the Vicarius of the City of Rome: now, however, by the affection of a religious mind, he has condemned worldly hatreds, and your peril has displeased its own author.

[2] Et ideo, si nullis impugnationibus enervantur asserta, laesionem non patimur miseris inhaerere, quam suis constiterit machinatoribus displicere. quapropter in abolitum missa sententia, quae a vicario urbis Romae super hac parte cognoscitur promulgata, patriae te rebusque omnibus nostra reddit auctoritas, nec ullo tempore calumniam super hac parte formides.

[2] And therefore, if the assertions are not enervated by any impugnations, we do not allow the injury to cling to the wretched, which has been established to displease its own machinator(s). Wherefore, the sentence—known to have been promulgated by the vicarius of the City of Rome on this head—being sent into abolition, our authority restores you to your fatherland and to all your affairs, and at no time should you dread calumny on this head.

[3] Sed ne cuiusquam forsitan plectenda temeritas in te impetus reparare possit audaciae, patricii Albini salvis legibus tuitio te deputata communiet, quia nihil fieri volumus incivile, cuius cottidianus labor est pro generali quiete tractare.

[3] But, lest perhaps anyone’s temerity, to be chastised, might be able to repair an onset of audacity against you, the protection of the patricius Albinus, assigned to you with the laws preserved, will fortify you, since we wish nothing uncivil to be done, whose daily labor it is to negotiate for the general quiet.

XLII. ARGOLICO P. U. THEODERICUS REX.

42. THEODERIC THE KING TO ARGOLICUS, PREFECT OF THE CITY.

[1] Bene principalis clementia suscipit quos pietas paterna destituit, quia sub parente publico genitoris minime sentiri debet amissio. ad nos siquidem iure recurrit infantia destituta, quibus universorum hominum proficiunt incrementa.

[1] Well does princely clemency receive those whom paternal piety has deserted, because under a public parent the loss of a begetter ought not at all to be felt. to us indeed by right deserted infancy returns, to whom the increments of all men profit.

[2] Clarissimorum igitur adultorum Marciani atque Maximi nos querela pulsavit, cum paschalibus diebus paterni luctus essent vulnere sauciati et in ipso laetitiae tempore soli cogerentur tristitiam sustinere, utilitatem suam pio neglexisse contemptu, cum vel firmae aetati inter lacrimas ista cogitare genus videretur insaniae. cessat enim lucri ambitus, cum vacatur ad planctus, nec mens quodlibet aliud capit, cum eam qualitas pietatis impleverit.

[2] Accordingly, the complaint of Marcian and Maximus, most illustrious adults, struck us, since during the Paschal days they had been wounded by the wound of paternal mourning, and at the very time of rejoicing were forced, alone, to sustain sadness, having neglected their utility by a pious contempt—since even for a firm age to think of such things amid tears would seem a kind of insanity. For the ambition for gain ceases when one is given over to lamentations, nor does the mind take in anything else, when the quality of piety has filled it.

[3] Hac crudeli subreptione captata turrem circi atque locum amphitheatri illustris recordationis patris eorum detestabili ambitu a vestris suggerunt fascibus expetitum. quorum insidiatorem non humanitatis ullus revocavit affectus, non similis terruit casus: gravavit infantiam, cui non subvenire merito pudoris aestimatur esse iactura.

[3] Taking advantage of this cruel subreption, they submit to your fasces that the tower of the Circus and the site of the Amphitheater, of their father of illustrious memory, have been sought by detestable ambition. The plotter of this no impulse of humanity called back, no similar case terrified: he weighed down their infancy, to not come to the aid of which is judged, by the merit of modesty, to be a loss.

[4] Sed nos, qui regulas veterum, qui servamus momenta pietatis, salubri ordinatione censemus, ut, si quondam patricius atque magnificus vir Volusianus pater supplicum supra memorata loca communi iure possedit, filiis perire non debeant, praesertim cum germen senatorium novis cupiamus beneficiis enutrire quam inter ipsa initia spem adultae aetatis aliqua laesione comprimere. atque ideo illustris magnitudo vestra, si quid tale factum esse meminit, ilico noverit corrigendum, ne venerandum examen senatorii ordinis iniqua praesumptione temeretur.

[4] But we, who observe the rules of the ancients, who preserve the considerations of piety, by a healthful ordinance judge that, if once the patrician and magnificent man Volusianus, the father of the petitioners, possessed the above-mentioned places by common right, they ought not to be lost to the sons—especially since we prefer to nourish the senatorial shoot with new benefices rather than, at its very beginnings, to compress the hope of adult age by some injury. And therefore your illustrious Magnitude, if it remembers that anything of the sort has been done, should know forthwith that it must be corrected, lest the venerable body of the senatorial order be profaned by unjust presumption.

XLIII. SENATUI URBIS ROMAE THEODERICUS REX.

43. THEODERIC THE KING TO THE SENATE OF THE CITY OF ROME.

[1] Urbis Romanae celebris opinio suo conservanda est nihilominus instituto, nec vitia peregrina capit, quae se semper de morum probitate iactavit. levitates quippe seditionum et ambire propriae civitatis incendium non est velle Romanum. ideoque in auctoribus facti legum est servanda districtio, ne detestabilis aspectus incendii ad imitationem nefandam vulgi pectora comprehendat.

[1] The celebrated opinion of the Roman City is nonetheless to be preserved by its own institution, nor does it take on foreign vices, it having always vaunted itself in the probity of morals. For the levities of seditions and to court the conflagration of one’s own city is not a Roman willingness to wish. And so, in the authors of the deed, the stricture of the laws is to be observed, lest the detestable sight of the fire seize the hearts of the crowd unto nefarious imitation.

[2] Viri illustris itaque comitis Arigerni suggestione comperimus Iudaeorum querela se fuisse pulsatum, quod in dominorum caede proruperit servilis audacia: in quibus cum fuisset pro districtione publica resecatum, statim plebis inflammata contentio synagogam temerario duxerunt incendio concremandam, culpas hominum fabricarum excidio vindicantes, dum, si quis Iudaeorum probaretur excedere, ipse debuisset iniuriae subiacere, non autem iustum fuit ad seditionum foeda concurri aut ad fabricarum incendia festinari.

[2] Therefore, by the suggestion of the Illustrious Man, Count Arigernus, we have learned by the complaint of the Jews that they had been assaulted, because in the slaughter of their lords a servile audacity had burst forth: in which, although it had been cut back by public strictness, immediately the inflamed contention of the plebs led the synagogue to be consumed with a temerarious fire, vindicating the faults of men by the ruin of buildings, whereas, if any of the Jews were proved to have exceeded, he himself ought to have been subject to the injury; nor, however, was it just to run to the foulness of seditions or to hasten to the burnings of buildings.

[3] Sed nos, quibus deo propitiante cordi est perperam commissa dirigere, ut cunctis possit placatis moribus convenire, praesenti auctoritate decernimus, ut causam supra memoratam legitima discussione noscatis et in auctoribus paucis quos potueritis huius incendii reperire, habita districtione resecetis: quia nolumus aliquid detestabile fieri, unde Romana gravitas debeat accusari.

[3] But we, to whom, with God being propitious, it is at heart to set straight things committed amiss, so that it may be able to accord with the pacified manners of all, by the present authority decree that you ascertain the aforesaid case by legitimate discussion, and that, in the few instigators (authors) of this fire whom you are able to discover, you, severity having been applied, cut them off; because we do not wish anything detestable to be done, from which Roman gravity ought to be accused.

[4] Illud pari ratione censentes, ut, si aliquid sibi contra Iudaeos rationabiliter quispiam crediderit suffragari, ad vestrum iudicium veniat audiendus, ut quem reatus involverit, censura condemnet. hoc enim nobis vehementer displicuisse cognosce, ut intentiones vanissimae populorum usque ad eversiones pervenerint fabricarum, ubi totum pulchre volumus esse compositum.

[4] Judging this likewise by equal reason, that, if anyone should believe he has something reasonably to support himself against the Jews, let him come to your judgment to be heard, so that whomever a charge has entangled, censure may condemn. for recognize that this has very greatly displeased us, that the most vain intentions of the peoples have reached even to the overturnings of structures, where we wish the whole to be handsomely composed.

XLIIII. ANTONIO VIRO VENERABILI POLENSI EPISCOPO THEODERICUS REX.

44. THEODERIC THE KING TO ANTONIUS, A VENERABLE MAN, BISHOP OF POLA.

[1] Invidiosa est contra eum querela, cui sunt reverentiae iura servanda, quia nescio quid admissum grave creditur, ubi contra tales silentium non tenetur. Stephanus siquidem flebili aditione conquestus est casam iuris sui ante decessorem prodecessoremque vestrum longa aetate possessam ante hos fere novem menses ab hominibus ecclesiae, cui praesidetis, despecto civilitatis ordine fuisse pervasam. quod si ita factum esse cognoscitis, eam iustitiae consideratione momenti iure restituite supplicanti.

[1] An invidious complaint is made against him toward whom the rights of reverence must be observed, for it is believed that I-know-not-what grave thing has been admitted, when silence is not kept against such men. Stephen indeed, with a tearful petition, complained that a house belonging by his right, possessed through a long age before your predecessor and your predecessor’s predecessor, was about these nine months ago seized by men of the church which you preside over, the order of civility being despised. And if you learn that it was so done, restore it by right to the suppliant, in consideration of justice and the weight of the matter.

decet enim a vobis corrigi, quod a vestris familiaribus non debuisset admitti.

For it is fitting to be corrected by you, that which should not have been admitted by your familiars.

[2] Verumtamen si partibus vestris in causa momentaria vel principali iustitiam adesse cognoscitis, tractato prius diligenter inspectoque negotio, quia sacerdotem protendere non decet improbam litem, instructam legibus ad comitatum nostrum destinate personam, ubi qualitas negotii agnosci debeat et finiri. quapropter sanctitatis vestrae animus non gravetur nec se fallacibus verbis doleat accusatum: multo maior est opinio purgata, quam si desinentibus querelis non fuerit impetita.

[2] Nevertheless, if you recognize that justice is present on your side in the incidental or in the principal cause, the matter first having been diligently handled and inspected—since it is not fitting for a priest to press an improper suit—send a person, instructed by the laws, to our court, where the quality of the business ought to be acknowledged and brought to an end. Wherefore let not the mind of your Holiness be burdened, nor let it grieve that it is accused by fallacious words: a reputation purged is much greater than if, complaints ceasing, it had not been assailed.

XLV. COMITIBUS DEFENSORIBUS ET CURIALIBUS TICINENSIS CIVITATIS THEODERICUS REX.

45. THEODERIC THE KING TO THE COUNTS, DEFENDERS, AND CURIALS OF THE CITY OF TICINUM.

[1] Ad comitatum supplices Erulos auctore deo nostris venire iussimus constitutis, quibus navis est praebenda subvectio, ne in patria nostra adhuc provinciae suae laborare videantur inopia. itaque praesenti iussione commoniti et navis eis usum usque ad Ravennatem urbem et annonas dierum quinque sine aliqua dilatione praeparate nec aliquid eis necessarium deesse faciatis, quatenus provinciam se deseruisse ieiunam de copiae inventione cognoscant sitque illis uberior peregrina terra quam patria.

[1] We have ordered the suppliant Heruli, with God as Author, to come to our court, appointing those by whom ship-conveyance is to be provided, lest in our fatherland they seem still to labor under the indigence of their own province. And so, being admonished by this present injunction, prepare for them both the use of a ship as far as the city of Ravenna and rations for 5 days without any delay, and allow nothing necessary to be lacking to them, so that they may recognize that they have left behind a province famished in the finding of provisions, and that the foreign land may be more bountiful to them than their fatherland.

XLVI. MARABADO V. I. THEODERICUS REX.

46. THEODERIC THE KING TO MARABADUS, A MOST ILLUSTRIOUS MAN.

[1] Convenit pietatem nostram petitiones supplicum salubri ordinatione disponere, quia subiectorum animi relevantur, quotiens maerentium querela componitur. vir spectabilis itaque Liberius dolenda nobis aditione suggessit coniugem suam in vestro iudicio contra iuris ordinem praegravatam. quod si ita est, remotis praeiudiciis apud arbitros, quos partium consensus elegerit, te imminente causa legibus audiatur.

[1] It befits our piety to arrange the petitions of suppliants by a salutary ordering, because the minds of subjects are relieved whenever the grievance of the mourning is composed. Therefore the man of distinction Liberius, by a lamentable petition, has represented to us that his wife has been excessively burdened in your judgment against the order of law. If this is so, with prejudgments removed, before arbiters whom the consensus of the parties shall have chosen, with you overseeing, let the case be heard by the laws.

quod si illic finis negotii nequiverit inveniri, per instructas personas, si tamen ipsae venire non eligunt, nostro comitatui occurrendi licentiam partibus non negamus, ubi nec redemptio sit forte suspecta nec insidiosa possit nocere calumnia.

but if there the end of the business should not be able to be found, by duly instructed persons—if indeed they themselves do not choose to come—we do not deny to the parties the license of appearing before our court, where neither a buy-off would perhaps be suspected nor can an insidious calumny harm.

XLVII. GUDISAL SAIONI THEODERICUS REX.

47. THEODERIC THE KING TO GUDISAL, THE SAIO.

[1] Assidua sollicitudine refovenda sunt, quae continuis exercitiis subiacere noscuntur. quemadmodum enim subvectio veredorum necessario sufficiat labori, si permittatur excedi? incitamentum siquidem improbae praesumptionis est neglecta custodia.

[1] By assiduous solicitude those things must be refreshed which are known to be subject to continual exercises. For how would the relief-transport of post-horses necessarily suffice for the labor, if it be permitted to be exceeded? For neglected custody is an incitement of shameless presumption.

legatorum itaque nostrorum suggestione comperimus cursuales equos frequenti usurpatione fatigari et quos nos necessitatibus publicis cupimus custodiri, in usum cognovimus privatae voluntatis assumi.

Therefore, by the suggestion of our legates we have learned that the courier horses are wearied by frequent usurpation, and those which we desire to be kept for public necessities we have discovered to be taken up for the use of private will.

[2] Atque ideo in urbe Roma ordinatione praefecti praetorio et magistri officiorum, quousque utilitas publica suaserit, te residere censemus, ut nullum Gothorum vel Romanorum exinde egredi patiaris, nisi quos praedictarum dignitatum vices agentes forte dimiserint.

[2] And therefore in the city of Rome, by the ordinance of the Praetorian Prefect and the Master of the Offices, so long as public utility shall advise, we judge you to reside, so that you allow none of the Goths or Romans to go out from there, unless those whom the vicars of the aforesaid dignities, acting in their stead, shall perchance have dismissed.

[3] Et quod nobis frequenter usurpatum esse suggeritur, si quis invitis his quibus haec cura mandata est, veredos praesumere fortassis assumpserit, cuiuslibet nationis fuerit vel honoris, per unum equum centum solidos multae nomine cogatur inferre: non quod tanti aestimanda est unius iumenti laesio, sed quia grandi damno reprimenda est importuna praesumptio.

[3] And as it is suggested to us that this has been frequently usurped, if anyone, against the will of those to whom this care has been entrusted, shall perhaps have presumed to take post-horses, of whatever nation or honor he may be, let him be compelled, for each horse, to pay one hundred solidi by way of a fine: not because the injury of a single beast of burden is to be valued at so much, but because an importunate presumption must be repressed by a heavy penalty.

[4] Nullum praeterea saionum discursus facere patiaris, sed ad causam, quam directus fuerit, uno tantum itinere permittatur accedere vel redire. quibus in superiorem multam cadat interdicta frequentia.

[4] Do not, moreover, allow any comings‑and‑goings of the saions, but let it be permitted to approach or to return to the cause to which one has been directed by only a single journey. Upon them let the forbidden frequency fall under the higher fine.

[5] Parhipporum quin etiam onera centum librarum nullus excedat. expeditos enim properare mittendarios volumus, non migrare censemus. inertiam suam prodit quisquis secum multa portaverit, nec cogitat de celeritate qui delicata se maluerit conversatione tractare.

[5] Moreover, let no one exceed the pack-horses’ loads of 100 pounds. For we wish the couriers to hasten expeditiously; we do not deem them to migrate. He betrays his own inertia, whoever has carried many things with himself, nor does he think about celerity who has preferred to handle himself with a delicate way of life.

grues denique pelagus transiturae parvos lapillos uncis pedibus amplectuntur, ut nec eorum levitas nimio vento rapiatur nec nativa celeritas iniquis ponderibus ingravetur. hoc imitarine queunt, qui se ad publicas necessitates electos esse cognoscunt? et ideo quinquaginta solidorum multam iam non veredarius, sed catabolensis incurrat, quisquis ultra centum libras parhippum crediderit onerandum.

Finally, cranes, when about to cross the sea, embrace small pebbles with their hooked feet, so that neither their lightness be snatched away by an excessive wind nor their native swiftness be weighed down by unjust weights. Are those not able to imitate this, who know that they have been chosen for public necessities? And therefore let a fine of 50 solidi be incurred now not by the courier (veredarius), but by the catabolensis (station-keeper), whoever has thought that a packhorse ought to be loaded beyond 100 pounds.

[6] His autem, qui supra scriptarum dignitatum vicibus in urbe praesunt, te observare praecipimus, quatenus excessus, qui ab illis detectus fuerit, exsecutione tua supra dicta condemnatione puniatur. si quos autem intemperans culpa perculerit, collectam quantitatem per vices agentes mancipibus mutationum volumus applicari, ut cursualis tractus inde habeat remedium, unde hactenus sumpsit incommodum.

[6] But upon those who, in turns, preside in the city over the above-written dignities, we command you to keep watch, to the end that any excess which shall have been detected by them be punished, by your enforcement, with the aforesaid condemnation. But if an intemperate fault shall have struck any persons, we wish the collected amount to be applied to the contractors of the posting-stations who are doing duty in turns, so that the postal tract may have a remedy from that source whence up to now it has taken inconvenience.

[7] Mundanis siquidem rebus frequenter nascitur de adversitate prosperitas et homines cum laedere cupiunt, beneficia frequenter impertiunt. sed omnia sic efficaciter ac diligenter implebis, ut provocati bonis actibus devotioni tuae maiora committere debeamus.

[7] For in mundane affairs prosperity is frequently born from adversity, and men, when they desire to harm, frequently impart benefits. But you will fulfill all things so efficaciously and diligently that, provoked by good acts, we ought to commit greater matters to your devotion.

XLVIII. EUSEBIO V. I. THEODERICUS REX.

48. THEODERIC THE KING TO EUSEBIUS, A MOST ILLUSTRIOUS MAN.

[1] Post tumultuosae urbis sollicitudines taediosas et observationum molestias ingravantes magnitudo tua provinciali desiderat amoenitate recreari, asserens occupationum tibi causas praesentibus emersisse temporibus, quibus expeditis rurali desideras suavitate gaudere.

[1] After the tedious anxieties of the tumultuous city and the aggravating annoyances of observances, Your Magnitude desires to be refreshed by provincial amenity, asserting that the causes of occupations have emerged for you in the present times, and, these expedited, you desire to rejoice in rural sweetness.

[2] Et quia vere illa securitas est, quae nostris iussionibus datur, cum tempus tibi fuerit occupationis emensum, octo mensium indutias in Lucaniae dulces recessus nostra auctoritate concedimus, ut ex illo tempore supputentur, cum te egredi ex urbe divino favore contigerit. quibus peractis multorum desiderio ad Romanas sedes venire festina, conventui nobilium et digna tuis moribus conversatione reddendus.

[2] And because truly that is security which is given by our injunctions, when the time of occupation shall have been measured out for you, we grant by our authority a respite of eight months in the sweet recesses of Lucania, to be computed from that time when it shall have befallen you, by divine favor, to go out from the city. When these are completed, hasten, to the desire of many, to come to the Roman seats, you being to be restored to the assembly of the nobles and to a conversation (way of life) worthy of your morals.

XLVIIII. UNIVERSIS PROVINCIALIBUS ET CAPILLATIS DEFENSORIBUS ET CURIALIBUS SISCIA VEL SAVIA CONSISTENTIBUS THEODERICUS REX.

49. THEODERIC THE KING TO ALL PROVINCIALS AND LONG-HAIRED DEFENDERS AND CURIALS RESIDING AT SISCIA OR SAVIA.

[1] Districtio semper subtrahi non debet regiae iussionis, ut et audaces metus comprimat et laceratos spes futura refoveat. plerumque enim denuntiata comminatio plus efficit quam poena componit. et ideo deo auspice Fridibadum locis vestris praeesse censuimus, qui abactores animalium legitima severitate coerceat, homicidia resecet, furta condemnet quietosque vos ab sceleratis ausibus reddat, quos nunc praesumptio iniqua dilacerat.

[1] Discipline ought never to be withdrawn from the royal command, so that fear may restrain the bold and future hope may revive the torn. For very often an announced threat effects more than a penalty composes. And therefore, with God as auspice, we have decreed that Fridibad preside over your localities, to coerce the abactors of livestock with lawful severity, to cut back homicides, to condemn thefts, and to render you at peace from criminal audacities, whom an iniquitous presumption now lacerates.

vivite compositi, vivite bonis moribus instituti, nullum natio, nullum promeritus honor excuset. necesse est vindictae subiaceat qui pravis moribus obsecundat.

live composed, live instituted by good morals; let no nation, no deserved honor excuse anyone. it is necessary that he who obsequiously complies with depraved morals be subject to vengeance.

L. FAUSTO PPO THEODERICUS REX.

50. THEODERIC THE KING TO FAUSTUS, PRAETORIAN PREFECT.

[1] Campani Vesuvii montis hostilitate vastati clementiae nostrae supplices lacrimas profuderunt, ut agrorum fructibus enudati subleventur onere tributariae functionis. quod fieri debere nostra merito pietas adquiescit.

[1] The Campanians, devastated by the hostility of Mount Vesuvius, have poured forth suppliant tears to our clemency, that, stripped of the fruits of their fields, they may be relieved of the burden of the tributary function. Our piety deservedly acquiesces that this ought to be done.

[2] Sed quia nobis dubia est uniuscuiusque indiscussa calamitas, magnitudinem vestram ad Nolanum sive Neapolitanum territorium probatae fidei virum praecipimus destinare, ubi necessitas ipsa domestica quadam laesione grassatur, ut agris ibidem diligenter inspectis, in quantum possessoris laboravit utilitas, sublevetur: quatenus mensurate conferatur quantitas beneficii, dum modus integer cognoscitur laesionis.

[2] But since the un-discussed calamity of each person is doubtful to us, we instruct Your Magnitude to send to the Nolan or Neapolitan territory a man of proved fidelity, where necessity itself is raging with a certain domestic lesion, so that, the fields there having been diligently inspected, to the extent the possessor’s utility has labored—has suffered—he may be relieved: in order that the quantity of the benefit be conferred in measured fashion, while the intact measure of the lesion is known.

[3] Laborat enim hoc uno malo terris deflorata provincia, quae ne perfecta beatitudine frueretur, huius timoris frequenter acerbitate concutitur. sed non in totum durus est eventus ille terribilis: praemittit signa gravia, ut tolerabilius sustineantur adversa.

[3] For the province, with the bloom of its lands plucked, labors under this one ill; so that it may not enjoy perfect beatitude, it is frequently shaken by the acerbity of this fear. But that terrible event is not utterly harsh: it sends ahead grave signs, so that adversities may be more tolerably borne.

[4] Tantis enim molibus natura rixante montis illius hiatus immurmurat, ut excitatus quidam spiritus grandisono fremitu vicina terrificet. fuscantur enim aera loci illius exhalatione taeterrima et per totam paene Italiam cognoscitur, quando illa indignatio commovetur. volat per inane magnum cinis decoctus et terrenis nubibus excitatis transmarinas quoque provincias pulvereis guttis compluit, et quid Campania pati possit, agnoscitur, quando malum eius in orbis alia parte sentitur.

[4] For, with such masses as nature wrangles, the yawning chasm of that mountain murmurs within, so that a certain roused spirit with a grand-sounding roar terrifies the neighboring regions. For the airs of that place are darkened by a most loathsome exhalation, and it is recognized through almost all Italy when that indignation is set in motion. Calcined ash flies through the great void, and, with earthly clouds stirred up, it even drenches transmarine provinces with dusty drops; and it is recognized what Campania can suffer, when its bane is felt in another part of the world.

[5] Videas illic quasi quosdam fluvios ire pulvereos et harenarum sterile impetu fervente velut liquida fluenta decurrere. stupeas subito usque ad arborum cacumina dorsa intumuisse camporum et luctuoso subito calore vastata, quae laetissima fuerant viriditate depicta. vomit fornax illa perpetua pumiceas quidem, sed fertiles harenas, quae licet diuturna fuerint adustione siccatae, in varios fetus suscepta germina mox producunt et magna quadam celeritate reparant, quae paulo ante vastaverant.

[5] You would see there, as it were, certain dusty rivers go, and the sterile sands, with a fervent impetus, run down like liquid streams. You would be stupefied that suddenly the ridges of the fields have swelled up even to the treetops, and that, by a lugubrious sudden heat, those things have been laid waste which had been most joyous, depicted with verdure. That perpetual furnace vomits sands, pumiceous indeed yet fertile, which, although they have been dried by long-continued adustion, once they have received seeds for various offspring, soon bring forth shoots and, with a certain great celerity, restore what a little before they had devastated.

quae est ista singularis exceptio unum montem sic infremere, ut tot mundi partes probetur aeris permutatione terrere et sic suam substantiam ubique dispergere, ut non videatur damna sentire?

what is this singular exception, that one mountain should so roar as to be proved to terrify so many parts of the world by a permutation of the air, and so to disperse its substance everywhere that it does not seem to feel losses?

[6] Longe lateque pulveres rorat, vicinis autem quasdam moles cructuat et tot saeculis mons habetur, qui erogationibus tantis expenditur. quis credat tam ingentes glebas usque in plana deductas de tam profundis hiatibus ebullisse et spiritu quodam efflante montis ore consputas quasi leves paleas fuisse proiectas?

[6] Far and wide it drizzles dust, but upon the neighbors it belches forth certain masses, and through so many centuries the mountain is held, though it is expended by such great disbursements. Who would believe that such huge glebes, brought down even into the plains, have ebullited from such deep chasms, and, spattered by a certain breath efflating from the mountain’s mouth, were cast forth as if they were light chaff?

[7] Alibi cacumina magna terrarum localiter videntur ardere: huius incendia paene mundo datum est posse cognoscere. quemadmodum ergo non credamus incolis, quod testimonio potest universitatis agnosci? quapropter, ut dictum est, talem eligat vestra prudentia, qui et remedia laesis conferat et locum subreptionibus non relinquat.

[7] Elsewhere great summits of the lands are seen locally to burn: it has been almost granted to the world to be able to know its conflagrations. How then should we not believe the inhabitants, a thing which can be recognized by the testimony of the whole world? Wherefore, as has been said, let your prudence choose such a man as will both confer remedies upon the injured and leave no place for underhanded subreptions.

LI. SYMMACHO PATRICIO THEODERICUS REX.

51. THEODERIC THE KING TO SYMMACHUS THE PATRICIAN.

[1] Cum privatis fabricis ita studueris, ut in laribus propriis quaedam moenia fecisse videaris, dignum est, ut Romam, quam domuum pulchritudine decorasti, in suis miraculis continere noscaris, fundator egregius fabricarum earumque comptor eximius, quia utrumque de prudentia venit, et apte disponere et extantia competenter ornare.

[1] Since you have been so zealous for private constructions that in your own household you seem to have built, as it were, city-walls, it is fitting that you be known to contain Rome—whom you have adorned with the pulchritude of houses—within her own marvels, a distinguished founder of buildings and an eximious adorner of them; for both come from prudence, both to dispose things aptly and to ornament the salient parts suitably.

[2] Notum est enim, quanta laude in suburbanis suis Romam traxeris, ut, quem illas fabricas intrare contigerit, aspectum suum extra urbem esse non sentiat, nisi cum se et agrorum amoenitatibus interesse cognoscat: antiquorum diligentissimus imitator, modernorum nobilissimus institutor. mores tuos fabricae loquuntur, quia nemo in illis diligens agnoscitur, nisi qui et in suis sensibus ornatissimus invenitur.

[2] For it is known with how much praise you have drawn Rome into your suburban estates, so that whoever chances to enter those constructions does not feel his gaze to be outside the city, unless when he recognizes that he is also sharing in the amenities of the fields: a most diligent imitator of the ancients, a most noble institutor of the moderns. Your buildings speak your mores, because no one is acknowledged as diligent in them unless he is also found most adorned in his own sensibilities.

[3] Et ideo theatri fabricam magna se mole solventem consilio vestro credimus esse roborandam, ut quod ab auctoribus vestris in ornatum patriae constat esse concessum, non videatur sub melioribus posteris imminutum. quid non solvas, senectus, quae tam robusta quassasti? montes facilius cedere putarentur, quam soliditas illa quateretur: quando et moles ipsa sic tota de cautibus fuit, ut praeter artem additam et ipsa quoque naturalis esse crederetur.

[3] And therefore we believe that the theater’s fabric, loosening itself in a great mass, must be strengthened by your counsel, so that what is agreed to have been granted by your authors for the adornment of the fatherland may not seem diminished under better descendants. What do you not unloose, old age, you who have shaken things so robust? Mountains would be thought to yield more easily than that solidity be shattered; since even the mass itself was so wholly from the rocks that, besides the art that was added, it too was believed to be natural.

[4] Haec potuissemus forte neglegere, si nos contigisset talia non videre: caveas illas saxis pendentibus apsidatas ita iuncturis absconditis in formas pulcherrimas convenisse, ut cryptas magis excelsi montis crederes quam aliquid fabricatum esse iudicares. fecerunt antiqui locum tantis populis parem, ut haberent singulare spectaculum, qui mundi videbantur obtinere dominatum.

[4] We might perhaps have neglected these things, if it had befallen us not to see such: those caveae, apsidal with pendent stones, had with their joints hidden come together into most beautiful forms, so that you would believe them rather to be crypts of a lofty mountain than judge that anything had been fabricated. The ancients made a place equal to so great a populace, so that those who seemed to hold the dominion of the world might have a singular spectacle.

[5] Sed quia nobis sermo probatur esse cum docto, libet repetere, cur antiquitas rudis legatur haec moenia condidisse. cum agri cultores feriatis diebus sacra diversis numinibus per lucos vicosque celebrarent, Athenienses primum agreste principium in urbanum spectaculum collegerunt, theatrum Graeco vocabulo visorium nominantes, quod eminus astantibus turba conveniens sine aliquo impedimento videatur.

[5] But since our discourse is approved to be with a learned man, it pleases us to recall why antiquity, unpolished, is read to have founded these structures. When the cultivators of the fields, on feast days, were celebrating rites to diverse numina through groves and villages, the Athenians first gathered the rustic beginning into an urban spectacle, naming the theater, by a Greek term, a viewing-place, which, suitable for a crowd standing at a distance, might be seen without any impediment.

[6] Frons autem theatri scaena dicitur ab umbra luci densissima, ubi a pastoribus inchoante verno diversis sonis carmina cantabantur. ibi actus musicus et prudentissimi saeculi dicta floruerunt. sed paulatim factum est, ut honestissimae disciplinae improborum consortia fugientes verecunda se exinde consideratione subtraherent.

[6] The front of the theater, moreover, is called the scaena from the shadow of a very dense grove, where, with springtime beginning, songs were sung by shepherds with diverse sounds. There the musical act and the sayings of the most prudent age flourished. But gradually it came to pass that those of most honorable discipline, fleeing the consortia of the wicked, withdrew themselves thence out of modest consideration.

[7] Tragoedia ex vocis vastitate nominatur, quae concavis repercussionibus roborata talem sonum videtur efficere, ut paene ab homine non credatur exire. erigitur autem in hircinos pedes, quia si quis inter pastores tali voce placuisset, capri munere donabatur. comoedia a pagis dicta est: comus enim pagus vocatur, ubi rustici gestientes humanos actus laetissimis carminibus irridebant.

[7] Tragedy is named from the vastness of the voice, which, strengthened by concave reverberations, seems to produce such a sound that it is scarcely believed to issue from a human being. It is moreover set up on hircine feet, because if anyone among the shepherds had pleased with such a voice, he was given the gift of a he-goat. Comedy is said to be from the pagi: for comus is called a pagus, where the rustics, reveling, mocked human acts with the gladdest songs.

[8] His sunt additae orchestarum loquacissimae manus, linguosi digiti, silentium clamosum, expositio tacita, quam musa Polymnia repperisse narratur, ostendens hominos posse et sine oris affatu suum velle declarare. Musae vero Eoa lingua quasi homousae dicuntur, quod invicem sicut virtutes necessariae sibi esse videantur. his levium pinnarum acumina ideo in fronte pinguntur, quoniam earum sensus celeri cogitatione subvectus res altissimas intuetur.

[8] To these have been added the most loquacious hands of the orchestras, tongue-like fingers, a clamorous silence, a silent exposition, which the Muse Polyhymnia is related to have discovered, showing that human beings can declare their will even without the speech of the mouth. But the Muses, in the Eoan tongue, are called, as it were, homousae, because mutually, like the virtues, they appear to be necessary to one another. For them the sharp points of light feathers are therefore painted upon the forehead, since their sense, borne aloft by swift cogitation, gazes upon the most lofty things.

[9] Pantomimo igitur, cui a multifaria imitatione nomen est, cum primum in scaenam plausibus invitatus advenerit, assistunt consoni chori diversis organis eruditi. tunc illa sensuum manus oculis canorum carmen exponit et per signa composita quasi quibusdam litteris edocet intuentis aspectum, in illaque leguntur apices rerum et non scribendo facit quod scriptura declaravit. idem corpus Herculem designat et Venerem, feminam praesentat in mare, regem facit et militem, senem reddit et iuvenem, ut in uno credas esse multos tam varia imitatione discretos.

[9] Pantomime therefore, whose name is from multifarious imitation, when first he has come onto the scene invited by applause, there attend harmonious choirs trained in diverse organs. Then that hand of the senses expounds to the eyes a tuneful song, and by composed signs, as if by certain letters, it instructs the gaze of the onlooker; and in them are read the apices of things, and by not writing it does what writing has declared. The same body designates Hercules and Venus, presents a woman in the sea, makes a king and a soldier, renders an old man and a youth, so that in one you may believe there are many, distinguished by so varied an imitation.

[10] Mimus etiam, qui nunc tantummodo derisui habetur, tanta Philistionis cautela repertus est, ut eius actus poneretur in litteris, quatenus mundum curis edacibus aestuantem laetissimis sententiis temperaret.

[10] The mime also, which now is held only for derision, was discovered with such circumspection by Philistion that its act was set down in letters, so that it might temper the world, seething with devouring cares, by the most cheerful sentences.

[11] Quid acetabulorum tinnitus? quid dulcissimi soni referam varia percussione modulamen? quod tanta gratia iucunditatis accipitur, ut inter reliquos sensus auditum sibi ad munus summum tunc homines aestiment fuisse collatum.

[11] What of the ringing of the little cups? what shall I recount of the modulation of the sweetest sound by varied percussion? which is received with so great a grace of pleasantness that men then deem that, among the remaining senses, hearing has been conferred upon them for the highest office.

ubi aetas subsequens miscens lubrica priscorum inventa traxit ad vitia et quod honestae causa delectationis repertum est, ad voluptates corporeas praecipitatis mentibus impulerunt.

where the subsequent age, in a slippery mingling, dragged the inventions of the ancients toward vices; and that which had been discovered for the sake of honorable delectation, they drove, with minds headlong, into corporeal voluptuities.

[12] Hos ritus Romani sicut ceteras culturas ad suam rem publicam inutiliter trahentes aedificium alta cogitatione conceptum magnanimitate mirabili condiderunt. unde non inmerito creditur Pompeius hinc potius Magnus fuisse vocitatus. et ideo sive masculis pilis contineri sive talis fabrica refectionis studio potuerit innovari, expensas vobis de nostro cubiculo curavimus destinare, ut et vobis adquiratur tam boni operis fama et nostris temporibus videatur antiquitas decentius innovata.

[12] These rites the Romans, as the other cults, dragging unprofitably to their own res publica, established a building conceived with lofty cogitation and founded with marvelous magnanimity. Whence not undeservedly it is believed that Pompey was rather from this called “the Great.” And therefore, whether it can be held by stalwart piles or such a fabric can be renewed by the zeal of refection, we have taken care to assign expenses to you from our chamber, so that both there may be acquired for you the fame of so good a work, and in our times antiquity may be seen more becomingly innovated.