Theodosius: Liber VIII

CTh.8.1.0. De numerariis, actuariis, scriniariis et exceptoribus
CTh.8.2.0. De tabulariis, logografis et censualibus.
CTh.8.3.0. De privilegiis apparitorum magisteriae potestatis
CTh.8.4.0. De cohortalibus principibus corniculariis et primipilaribus
CTh.8.5.0. De cursu publico angariis et parangariis
CTh.8.6.0. De tractoriis et stativis
CTh.8.7.0. De diversis officiis et apparitoribus et probatoriis eorum
CTh.8.8.0. De executoribus et exactionibus
CTh.8.9.0. De lucris officiorum
CTh.8.10.0. De concussionibus advocatorum sive apparitorum
CTh.8.11.0. Ne quid publicae laetitiae nuntii ex descriptione vel ab invitis accipiant
CTh.8.12.0. De donationibus
CTh.8.13.0. De revocandis donationibus
CTh.8.14.0. [=brev.8.7.0.] De ingratis liberis.
CTh.8.15.0. De his, quae administrantibus vel publicum officium gerentibus distracta sunt vel donata
CTh.8.16.0. De infirmandis poenis caelibatus et orbitatis
CTh.8.17.0. De iure liberorum
CTh.8.18.0. De maternis bonis et materni generis et cretione sublata
CTh.8.19.0. [=brev.8.10.0.] De bonis, quae filiisfamilias ex matrimonio acquiruntur.

CTh.8.1.0. On numeraries, actuaries, scriniarii, and exceptores
CTh.8.2.0. On tabularii, logographers, and census officials.
CTh.8.3.0. On the privileges of the apparitors of magisterial power
CTh.8.4.0. On cohortal chiefs, cornicularii, and primipilares
CTh.8.5.0. On the public post, angariae and parangariae
CTh.8.6.0. On tractoriae and stativae
CTh.8.7.0. On various offices and apparitors and their probatoria
CTh.8.8.0. On executors and exactions
CTh.8.9.0. On the profits of offices
CTh.8.10.0. On the extortions of advocates or apparitors
CTh.8.11.0. That messengers of public rejoicing take nothing from a levy or from the unwilling
CTh.8.12.0. On donations
CTh.8.13.0. On revoking donations
CTh.8.14.0. [=brev.8.7.0.] On ungrateful children.
CTh.8.15.0. On things that have been sold off or donated by administrators or those bearing a public office
CTh.8.16.0. On weakening the penalties of celibacy and childlessness
CTh.8.17.0. On the right of children
CTh.8.18.0. On maternal goods and the maternal line, and with cretio removed
CTh.8.19.0. [=brev.8.10.0.] On goods that are acquired by sons-in-power from marriage.

CTh.8.1.0. De numerariis, actuariis, scriniariis et exceptoribus

CTh.8.1.0. On numeraries, actuaries, scriniaries, and exceptors

CTh.8.1.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad leontium. dudum sanximus, ut nullus ad singula officia administranda ambitione perveniat, vel maxime ad tabularios, nisi qui ex ordine vel corpore officii uniuscuiusque est.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Leontius. Some time ago we sanctioned that no one should, by ambition, attain to administering the several offices, and most especially to the tabularii, unless he is from the order or the body of each office.

hos enim officia sibi iniuncta tamdiu agere iubemus, quoad idoneos esse manifestum est aut aetate non impediente complere id posse monstrantur, ut administratione aput unum iugiter permanente fides quoque eius appareat. si quis ergo ex suffragio ambitionis ad officia fisco obnoxia accesserit, multae nomine denas libras auri exigatur. proposita v id. iun.

For we order these men to perform the offices enjoined upon them for as long as it is manifest that they are fit or are shown, with age offering no impediment, to be able to complete it, so that, with the administration remaining continually with one person, his good faith may likewise appear. If anyone, therefore, has acceded to offices subject to the fisc through the suffrage of ambition, let ten pounds of gold be exacted in the name of a penalty. Posted on June 9.

hierapoli constantino a. v et licinio caes. conss. (319

at Hierapolis, under Constantine Augustus 5 and Licinius Caesar, consuls. (319

[343] iun. 9).

[343] June 9).

CTh.8.1.2

Theodosian Code 8.1.2

Idem a. ne ii, qui procul ab officio sublimitatis tuae sunt, nullum meritum per sedulitatem vel obsequia praeferentes locum possint laborantibus debitum irrepere, exceptores placet pro loco et ordine suo ad commentarios accedere et eorum administrationi subrogari ceteris propulsatis, ita ut inter exceptores, prout quisque locum tempore adipisci meruerit, ordine et merito consequatur. dat. kal.

The same, Augustus, lest those who are far from the office of your Sublimity, bringing forward no merit through sedulity or services, should be able to creep into the place owed to those who labor, it is our pleasure that the exceptores, according to their place and order, accede to the commentaries and be subrogated to their administration,
the rest repulsed, such that among the exceptores, as each has by time deserved to attain a place, he shall obtain it by order and by merit. Given on the Kalends.

iul. treviris basso et ablavio conss. (331 [?] iul.

jul. at trier basso and ablavius consuls. (331 [?] jul.

1).

CTh.8.1.3

Idem a. ad maximum praefectum praetorio. utilitate suadente annonarios et actuarios condicionales esse praecipimus, annonis etiam adiuvari et capitationem eorum qui censiti sunt haberi inmunem. ideoque tua sollertia competentia monebit officia, ut actuariis binas annonas, annonariis vero singulas protinus subministrent, capitationem quoque ipsorum tantum, qui ex his censiti sunt, faciat haberi inmunem, quoad in actu fuerint constituti, nam postea vel laus eos et dignitas honorabit vel, si in culpa fuerint deprehensi, poena comitabitur.

The same Augustus to Maximus, the Praetorian Prefect. With utility urging, we order that the annonary officials and the actuaries be conditional, that they also be assisted with rations, and that the capitation of those who have been registered be held immune. And so your diligence will admonish the competent offices, that to the actuaries two rations each, but to the annonary officials one each, be supplied forthwith, and that the capitation also of only those among them who have been registered be caused to be held immune, so long as they have been established in active service; for thereafter either praise and dignity will honor them, or, if they are found at fault, punishment will accompany.

emissa iii non. mai. dalmatio et zenofilo conss.

issued on May 5, in the consulship of Dalmatius and Zenophilus.

(333 mai. 5).

(333 May 5).

CTh.8.1.4

Idem a. ad veronicianum vicarium asiae. vorax et fraudulentum numerariorum propositum, qui diversis rectoribus obsequuntur, ita inhibendum est, ut et antea sanximus et nunc itidem sancimus, condicioni eos subdi tormentorum et eculeis adque lacerationibus subiacere nec ultra biennium hoc fungi obsequio. et cetera.

The same Augustus to Veronicianus, Vicar of Asia. The voracious and fraudulent disposition of the numerarii, who are subservient to various governors, must be curbed in this way,
as we have sanctioned before and now likewise sanction: that they be subjected to the condition of torments and be liable to racks and lacerations,
and that they not perform this service beyond two years. And the rest.

dat. xiiii kal. iun.

dated May 19.

optato et paulino conss. (334 mai. 19).

in the consulship of Optatus and Paulinus (May 19, 334).

CTh.8.1.5

Theodosian Code 8.1.5

Imp. constantius a. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. actuarii condicionales sollicite proprio fungantur officio nec ad quasdam irrepant dignitates, quibus eos perfrui divalia statuta prohibent.

Emperor Constantius Augustus to Taurus, Praetorian Prefect.
Let the conditional actuarii diligently perform their own office, and let them not creep into certain dignities, which the divine statutes forbid them to enjoy.

hoc vitium corrigentes nos etiam iussimus utiliter a patre praecepta servari et litteris ad magistros peditum et equitum datis iussioni effectum praecipimus commodari. dat. prid.

Correcting this defect, we also have ordered that the precepts from our father be usefully observed, and, letters having been given to the masters of foot and of horse, we direct that effect be furnished to the order. Given, the day before.

non. mai. roma constantio a. viiii et iuliano caes.

nones of may, rome, constantius augustus for the 9th time and
julian caesar.

ii conss. (357 mai. 6).

the same consuls. (357 May 6).

CTh.8.1.6

Imp. iulianus a. ad auxonium correctorem tusciae. numerarii, qui publicas rationes civitatum versutis fraudibus lacerare didicerunt, subiaceant tortori nomine artis ac fraudis.

Emperor Julian Augustus to Auxonius, Corrector of Tuscany. The numerarii, who have learned by wily frauds to lacerate the public accounts of the cities,
shall be subjected to the torturer under the name of their craft and of fraud.

verum cum quinquennio administraverint chartas publicas, unum integrum annum vacent, ut ad incusantium iurgia facilis adpetitu sit vita privata. septimo porro anno, cum eosdem bene creditum munus administrasse claruerit, ex perfectissimis dimittantur. hic abolebit honor dignitatis additae veterem vilitatem.

but when they shall have administered the public records for five years, let them be free for one whole year, so that, in private life, they may be easy of approach to the wranglings of accusers.
in the seventh year, moreover, when it shall have become clear that these same men have administered the entrusted office well, let them be dismissed with the rank of the Perfectissimi.
this honor of added dignity will abolish the former vileness.

dat. xvi kal. feb.

given on the 16th day before the Kalends of February (January 17).

constantinopoli mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 ian. 17).

at constantinople mamertinus and nevitta
consuls. (362 jan. 17).

CTh.8.1.7

Theodosian Code 8.1.7

Idem a. secundo praefecto praetorio. quamquam praecedente iussione omnes numerarios condicionales esse praecepimus, tamen etiamnunc eos, qui sumpserint chartarum notitiam et in eodem officio erunt, condicionales esse iubemus, ut scientes nullo se privilegio esse munitos ac facile per tormenta fraudium suarum tutelas detegi posse, nihil committant in damna rei publicae. dat.

The same emperor to Secundus, Praetorian Prefect. Although by a preceding injunction we have prescribed that all paymasters be of conditional status, nevertheless even now we order those who shall have assumed the knowledge of the papers and will be in the same office to be of conditional status, so that, knowing that they are fortified by no privilege and that the protections of their frauds can easily be uncovered through torments, they commit nothing to the damage of the commonwealth. Given.

kal. mart. mamertino et nevitta conss.

On the Kalends of March, in the consulship of Mamertinus and Nevitta.

(362 mart. 1).

(362 March 1).

CTh.8.1.8

Theodosian Code 8.1.8

Idem a. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. iubemus omnes numerarios, non eos modo, quos plebe confusa vulgus abscondit, sed primos etiam et magistros eorum, officii sedis amplissimae, tum autem iudicum ceterorum, solutos penitus militaribus sacramentis condicionales etiam fieri, ne dignitas fraudibus faciat umbraculum, per quinquennium perinde inservire scriniis. quippe admodum iniquum videtur pro alienis fraudibus rudes et nuper adscitos adiutores compelli ratiocinia praestare adque his inminere periculum.

The same Augustus to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. We order all numerarii, not only those whom, the plebs being in confusion, the vulgus conceals, but also their chiefs and masters, of the officium of the most ample seat, and then of the other judges, to be wholly released from military sacraments and even to be made conditional appointees, lest dignity make a shelter for frauds, to serve the scrinia in like manner for a quinquennium. For indeed it seems very unjust that, for others’ frauds, raw and newly-admitted assistants be compelled to render ratiocinations and that danger hang over them.

dat. epistula praefecto praetorio v kal. dec.

Given by epistle
to the Praetorian Prefect, on the 5 Kalends of December.

viminacio iuliano a. iiii et sallustio conss. (363 nov. 27).

viminacium, julian a. 4 and sallustius, consuls. (363 nov. 27).

CTh.8.1.9pr.

THEODOSIAN CODE 8.1.9 PREAMBLE.

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad clearchum. numerarii qui appellari consueverant consularium ac praesidum, dumtaxat tabularii posthac nostra sanctione vocabuntur, scientes sese tormentis esse subiectos, nisi iudicibus vel his, qui provecti nostro iudicio ad provincias venerint vel his, qui ibidem diutius fuerint commorati, debitorum ac reliquorum modum frequenter ingesserint sub actorum testificatione: quos scire oportet cum his qui debitores sunt sese ad solutionem esse retinendos, nisi omnia debita ipsis fuerint indicantibus persoluta.

Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Clearchus. The numerarii who were accustomed to be called of consulars and of governors shall henceforth, by our sanction, be called only tabularii, knowing themselves to be subject to torture, unless they frequently submit to the judges, or to those who, promoted by our judgment, have come to the provinces, or to those who have remained there for a longer time, the account of debts and arrears under the attestation of the official acts: who ought to know that they themselves, together with those who are debtors, are to be held for payment, unless all debts, with them indicating, have been paid in full.

(365 febr. 16).

(365 Feb. 16).

CTh.8.1.9.1

Theodosian Code 8.1.9.1

Triennii tamen spatio tabulariorum decet tempus omne concludi. denique cum peregrinos deligi adque ad singulas quasque provincias oporteat destinari, peractis triennii spatiis adque hoc tempore completo biennio post administrationem in provinciis residere debebunt, obsequia iudicum praestolantes, ut edant rationem torporis adque segnitiae ac subiaceant dispendiis, quae communicari isdem cum exactoribus convenit, si detrectasse fidem praetermissis suggestionibus monstrabuntur. dat.

Nevertheless, within a span of three years it is fitting that the entire term of the tabularii be concluded. finally, since it is proper that outsiders be selected and be destined to each and every province, with the three-year spans completed and, this time finished, they must reside in the provinces for two years after their administration, awaiting the commands of the judges, so that they may render an account of torpor and sluggishness and be subject to penalties, which it is agreed ought to be shared with them together with the exactors, if they shall be shown to have declined the trust, representations having been omitted. given.

xiiii kal. mart. constantinopoli valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

February 16, at Constantinople, Valentinian and
Valens, Augusti, were consuls.

(365 febr. 16).

(February 16, 365).

CTh.8.1.10

Theodosian Code 8.1.10

Idem aa. iovio magistro equitum. actuariis palatinorum et comitatensium numerorum senas annonas, senum etiam capitum, pseudocomitatensium etiam quaternas annonas et quaternum capitum ex horreorum conditis praecepimus....Per decennium curam eius officii sustinere, ut perspicue manifesteque fides eorum et industria comprobetur. quod cum ad nos iuxta numerorum testificationem suggestione excellentiae tuae pervenerit, honore perfectissimatus in palatio nostro potientur, etiam maiorem gradum dignitatis postmodum adepturi.

The same Emperors, to Jovius, Master of Horse. To the actuaries of the palatine and comitatensian units we have ordered six annonae and likewise of six capita, and to the pseudocomitatensians also four annonae and of four capita, from the stores laid up in the granaries we have commanded.... To bear for a decade the charge of that office, so that their fidelity and industry may be proved clearly and manifestly. When this has come to us, according to the testimony of the units, by the report of your Excellency, they shall obtain in our palace the honor of the rank of Perfectissimate, and thereafter are to attain an even higher grade of dignity.

post hoc vero beneficium qui fraudibus ac rapinis minime temperarint, in eos iudiciorum auctoritas exseratur. dat. viii kal.

but after this benefit, however, those who have in no way restrained themselves from frauds and rapine, let the authority of the courts be exercised against them. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

iun. mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 mai.

june. at Milan, in the consulship of Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti. (365 may.

25).

CTh.8.1.11

Idem aa. ad rufinum praefectum praetorio. super numerariis celsissimi officii tui aliter est nostra sententia quam divae memoriae iulianus duxerat sanciendum. ille lege proposita numerarios omisso cingulo, condicionis conscios vilioris necessitati publicae obsecundare praecepit: nos, qui malumus obsequia hominum esse voluntaria quam coacta, sumere cingulum et militiae ordinem tenere numerarios iubemus, cum, si in aliquo fraudium scelere fuerint deprehensi, nullo modo possint a corporali iniuria vindicari.

The same Augusti to Rufinus, praetorian prefect. Concerning the numeraries of your most exalted office our opinion is otherwise than what Julian of divine memory had thought to be sanctioned. He, with a law published, ordered the numeraries, their belt laid aside, conscious of a meaner condition, to comply with the public necessity. We, who prefer the obediences of men to be voluntary rather than coerced, order the numeraries to take up the belt and hold the order of the soldiery, since, if they should be detected in any crime of frauds, they can in no way be vindicated from corporal injury.

dat. prid. id. dec.

dated, the day before the Ides of December.

parisiis valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 dec. 12).

at Paris Valentinian and Valens, the emperors, consuls (365 Dec. 12).

CTh.8.1.12

Theodosian Code 8.1.12

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. omnibus rectoribus provinciarum.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, augusti. to all governors of the provinces.

in provinciis singulis duo tabularii collocentur, quo ad unum fiscalis arcae ratiocinium, ad alterum largitionales pertinere tituli iubeantur, scituri, quod, si ex alienis quicquam actibus ad alteram partem illicita fuerit usurpatione translatum, si, qui iudicis culpam dissimulatione texerit, gravissimo sit supplicio subiugandus. dat. iii kal.

In each province let two tabularii be stationed, whereby it is ordered that to one the accounting of the fiscal chest shall pertain, to the other the largitional titles, knowing that, if anything from alien acts shall have been transferred to the other part by illicit usurpation, and if anyone shall have veiled a judge’s fault by dissimulation, he is to be subjected to a most grievous punishment. Given on the 3rd day before the kalends.

april. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss. (382 mart.

april. at constantinople under the consulate of antonius and syagrius. (382 march.

30).

CTh.8.1.13

Idem aaa. floro praefecto praetorio. post alia: numerarii nonnisi exacto triennii tempore divinam nostri numinis purpuram venerentur, capitali supplicio subiugandi, si in fraudem constituti vel statuta tempora subterfugere voluerint vel ambitu usurpare maioris militiae dignitatem.

The same Augusti to Florus, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: the numerarii shall venerate the divine purple of our numen only after the completion of a three-year period, being subjected to capital punishment if, once appointed, they should wish either to contrive fraud or to evade the appointed times, or by canvassing to usurp the dignity of a higher service.

dat. xviii kal. oct.

dated 18 days before the Kalends of October.

constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss. (382 sept. 14).

at constantinople, antonius and syagrius consuls. (382 sept. 14).

CTh.8.1.14pr.

Theodosian Code 8.1.14 preface.

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. severo praefecto urbi. ne diutius ad cunctorum perniciem actuarii numerariorum consortiis adiuventur, illustris auctoritas tua cunctos ex numerariis ab actuariorum societate praecipiat abstinere adque ab eorum communione discedere.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Severus, Prefect of the City. Lest any longer, to the ruin of all, the actuarii be aided by the consortia of the numerarii, let your Illustrious Authority command all from among the numerarii to abstain from the society of the actuarii and to withdraw from their communion.

quod si haec moniti custodire neglexerint, isdem poenis se quibus actuarios non ambigant subiacere. (398 iun. 28).

but if, having been admonished, they should have neglected to keep these things, let them not doubt that they are subject to the same penalties as the actuaries. (398 June 28).

CTh.8.1.14.1

Actuarios vero cunctos intra quinquaginta dies urbis nostrae terminos compellat excedere, scituros, quod, si ultra statutum tempus praesentes fuerint comprehensi, viginti librarum auri dispendium subituri sunt. dat. iiii kal.

As for the actuaries, let all be compelled within fifty days to depart beyond the boundaries of our city, being made aware that, if beyond the appointed time
they are found to be present, they will undergo a forfeit of 20 pounds of gold. Given on the 4th day before the Kalends.

iul. niciae honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss. (398 iun.

jul. at nicaea, in the consulship of honorius augustus for the 4th time and eutychianus, consuls. (398 jun.

28).

CTh.8.1.15

Theodosian Code 8.1.15

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. hypatio magistro militum per orientem. ex insinuatione magnificentiae tuae cognitis his, quae a scriniariis officii tui crudeliter perpetrantur, dum actuariis sua pravitate permixta freti, potestate chartarum, rationes eorum pro sua voluntate perscribunt, generali lege censemus, ut ad exemplum numerariorum, quorum ob fraudes haec dudum forma processit, a chartarum cura triennio finito pellantur numquam ad eam ulterius admittendi.

the emperors honorius and theodosius, augusti, to hypatius, master of soldiers for the east. upon the insinuation of your magnificence, having learned these things which are cruelly perpetrated by the scriniaries of your office, while, relying on actuaries, their own depravity having been mingled, by the power of the papers they write out the accounts for them according to their own will, by a general law we decree that, after the example of the numeraries, for whose frauds this form was long ago instituted, they be expelled from the care of the papers when a three-year term is finished, never thereafter to be admitted to it.

cum his, qui ante ab huiusmodi consortio quoquo pacto recesserunt, ita ad principatum officii, si maluerint, praestolentur ad pecunia, quam actuariis quolibet genere extorserunt, fisco vindicanda. quod et in posterum observabitur, si quis ex scriniariis eiusdem officii aliquos cum actuariis contractus habuerit, quoniam hoc collegium conmerciumque penitus convenit inhiberi. dat.

together with those who previously by whatever means have withdrawn from such a consortium, let them thus, for the principate of the office, if they should prefer, wait their turn, upon the money which they have extorted from the actuaries by whatever kind of means being vindicated to the fisc. And this will be observed in the future as well, if any of the scriniaries of the same office shall have had any contracts with the actuaries, since it is agreed that this collegium and commerce be utterly inhibited. Given.

xvii kal. april. constantinopoli honorio x et theodosio vi aa. conss.

on the 17th day before the Kalends of April. at Constantinople Honorius 10 and Theodosius 6, Augusti, consuls.

(415 mart. 16).

(March 16, 415).

CTh.8.1.16

Codex Theodosianus 8.1.16

Idem aa. vitaliano duci libyae. nemo de numerariis tui officii seu domesticis vel scriniariis sive adiutoribus post completum sui temporis actum ad eandem rursus sollicitudinem audeat adspirare, x auri librarum condemnatione proposita, si quis hanc violare voluerit sanctionem, eadem poena officio quoque proposita, si per ambitionem vel avaritiam ex his aliquid temerari concesserit. dat.

The same Augusti to Vitalianus, duke of Libya. Let no one of the accountants (numerarii) of your office, whether domestics or scriniarii or adjutors, after the completion of his term of time,
dare to aspire again to the same charge, with a condemnation of 10 pounds of gold set forth, if anyone shall wish to violate this sanction;
the same penalty being proposed also for the office, if through ambition or avarice it has permitted any of these things to be rashly granted. Given.

viiii kal. nov. constantinopoli honorio a. xi et constantio ii v. c. conss.

9th day before the Kalends of November, at Constantinople: in the consulship of Honorius Augustus for the 11th time and of Constantius, most illustrious man, for the 2nd time, consuls.

(417 oct. 24).

CTh.8.1.17

Codex Theodosianus 8.1.17

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. tauro praefecto praetorio. qui ad numerariorum gradum veniunt in officio tuae sedis excelsae, quamdiu eodem funguntur officio, domesticorum militiam non adfectent, ne in alio actu constituti alterius sacramenti privilegiis perfruantur.

The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian, Augusti, to Taurus, praetorian prefect. Those who come to the grade of the numerarii in the office of your exalted seat,
so long as they discharge the same office, let them not aspire to the military service of the Domestici, lest, being established in another function, they enjoy the privileges of a different sacramentum.

completo sane triennii tempore eam tantummodo militiam consequantur, quae instituto antiquitus more defertur. intra alterius autem triennii metas altiorem quamcumque militiam seu potius dignitatem nullam penitus adipiscendi habeant facultatem. et cetera.

once the span of three years has been completed, let them obtain only that service which, by a custom established of old, is conferred. within the bounds of another three-year period, moreover, let them have no capacity whatsoever of acquiring any higher service, or rather dignity. and the rest.

dat. v non. iul.

given on the 5th day before the Nones of July (July 3).

constantinopoli theodosio a. xiiii et maximo conss. (433 iul. 3).

at constantinople, when theodosius, augustus, for the 14th time, and maximus were consuls. (433 jul. 3).

CTh.8.2.0. De tabulariis, logografis et censualibus.

CTh.8.2.0. On the tabularii, logographers, and censuals.

CTh.8.2.1

Imp. constantius a. ad catullinum praefectum praetorio. nullus omnino ex tabulariis vel scribis vel decurionibus eorumque filiis in quocumque officio militet, sed ex omnibus officiis, nec non et si intra nostrum palatium militent, necdum impleto quinquennio reperti et retracti protinus curiis officiis que municipalibus reddantur.

the emperor constantius augustus to catullinus, praetorian prefect. let no one at all from the tabularii or the scribes or the decurions, and their sons, serve in whatever office; but from all offices, and likewise even if they should serve within our palace, if found before the five-year term has been completed and brought back, let them forthwith be returned to the curiae and to municipal offices.

dat. viii kal. iul.

given on the 8th day before the Kalends of July.

lauriaco marcellino et probino conss. (341 iun. 24).

at Lauriacum, Marcellinus and Probinus, consuls. (June 24, 341).

CTh.8.2.2

Theodosian Code 8.2.2

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad artemium vicarium hispaniarum. si qui tabulariorum necessitate perfuncti vel adspirare coeperint ad curias vel vocari, non prius eos ordo suscipiat, quam fideliter dederint administratarum suo tempore chartularum aput acta rationem.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Artemius, Vicar of the Spains. If any of the tabularii, having discharged the necessity of their service, should begin to aspire to the curiae or to be summoned, let the order not receive them before they have faithfully given, in the public acts, an account of the registers administered in their time.

dat. kal. iun.

Given on the Kalends of June.

treveris valentiniano et valente iii aa. conss. (370 iun. 1).

at Trier, when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls for the 3rd time (370 June 1).

CTh.8.2.3

Theodosian Code 8.2.3

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. neoterio praefecto praetorio.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, augusti, to neoterius, praetorian prefect.

comperimus aliquantos relictis muneribus curiarum scribas, sed et logografos civitatum in nomen irrepsisse militiae. his retractis legem hanc tulimus, ne quis ex hoc hominum numero paria audeat usurpare, hoc admodum sufficiente numero militiae supplementis, qui ex vagis veteranorumque filiis vacantibusque potuerit fida pervestigatione compleri. dat.

We have learned that several, having left the munera of the curiae,
scribes, and even the logographers of the cities, have slipped into the roll of the military service. With these drawn back, we have carried this law, that no one from this number of men dare to usurp the same; this being quite sufficient for the military’s supplements, which can be filled by faithful investigation from wanderers, from the sons of veterans, and from the unoccupied. Given.

iiii non. feb. thessalonica gratiano a. v et theodosio a. i conss.

February 2, at Thessalonica, in the consulship of Gratian Augustus for the 5th time and Theodosius Augustus for the 1st time.

(380 febr. 2).

(380 Feb. 2).

CTh.8.2.4

Theodosian Code 8.2.4

Idem aaa. quicumque decurionum sponte se censuali ministerio manciparit, condicionem habeat quam ipse delegit, depositurus sui ordinis penitus dignitatem, si eum necessitas quaestioni subdendum invenerit. dat.

The same august emperors. Whoever of the decurions has of his own accord delivered himself to the censual service, let him have the condition which he himself chose, and he shall utterly lay aside the dignity of his order, if necessity finds him to be subjected to interrogation. Given.

xv kal. oct. constantinopoli richomere et clearcho conss.

17 September, at constantinople, richomer and clearchus consuls.

(384 sept. 17).

(384 Sept. 17).

CTh.8.2.5 [=brev.8.1.1]

Theodosian Code 8.2.5 [=Breviary 8.1.1]

Impp. arcad. et honor.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. hadriano pf. p. generali lege sancimus, ut, sive solidis provinciis sive singulis civitatibus necessarii fuerint tabularii, liberi homines ordinentur, neque ulli deinceps ad hoc officium patescat aditus, qui sit obnoxius servituti; sed et si quis dominorum servum suum sive colonum chartas publicas agere permiserit (consensum enim, non ignorantiam volumus obligari), ipsum quidem, in quantum interfuerit publicae utilitati, pro ratiociniis, quae servo sive colono agente tractata sunt, obnoxium attineri, servum autem competentibus affectum verberibus fisco addici. in praeteritum quoque decernimus, cura dominorum praesentari eos, qui ratiocinia tractaverint, quorum interfuit ab initio providere, ne publicis actibus privata servitia immiscerentur, ut temporis sui quisque rationem positus in quaestione depromat. dat.

To Hadrianus, Praetorian Prefect. by a general law we sanction that, whether in solid provinces or in individual cities, if tabularii (record-keepers) are necessary, let free men be appointed, and henceforth let access to this office lie open to no one who is subject to servitude; but also, if any master shall have permitted his own slave or colonus (tenant-farmer) to transact public papers (for we wish consent, not ignorance, to be bound), he himself, inasmuch as it has pertained to the public utility, shall be held liable for the accounts which were handled with the slave or colonus acting; but let the slave, afflicted with appropriate beatings, be adjudged to the fisc. for the past as well we decree, under the care of their masters, that those who have handled the accounts be presented—whose duty it was from the beginning to provide that private services not be mingled with public acts—so that each, when placed under questioning, may produce an account of his time. Given.

viii. kal. april.

March 25.

mediolano, vincentio et fravitta coss.

at milan, vincentius and fravitta, consuls.

interpretatio. sive in solida provincia sive per singulas civitates tabularii fuerint ordinati, hoc est, qui rationes publicas tractant, ingenui a provincialibus ordinentur: coloni vel servi ad hoc officium nullatenus admittantur, quia, quibus fides publica committenda est, tales eligi debebunt, de quibus querela esse non possit. quod si dominus colonum vel servum suum tabularium esse consenserit, pro consensu dominus hac mulcta feriatur, ut quicquid colonus ille vel servus detrimenti admiserit, hoc dominus sine mora restituat: colonus ille vel servus verberatus fisci viribus addicatur

interpretation. whether in the entire province or through individual cities tabularii have been appointed, that is, those who handle public accounts, let the freeborn be appointed by the provincials: coloni or slaves are by no means to be admitted to this office, because, for those to whom the public faith is to be entrusted, such men ought to be chosen about whom there can be no complaint. but if a master has consented that his colonus or slave be a tabularius, let the master be struck with this fine for his consent, namely, that whatever loss that colonus or slave has incurred, this the master shall restore without delay: and let that colonus or slave, after being beaten, be adjudged to the power of the fisc.

CTh.8.3.0. De privilegiis apparitorum magisteriae potestatis

CTh.8.3.0. On the privileges of the apparitors of the magisterial power

CTh.8.3.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad artemium correctorem. post alia: qui sese in officiis magistrorum equitum ac peditum militasse ac militare monstraverint, ab omni nominationis iniuria excusentur.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Artemius, Corrector. After other matters: those who shall have shown that they have served in the staffs of the Masters of Cavalry and of Infantry and
are serving, shall be excused from any injury of nomination.

eligendi autem erunt susceptores e diversis officiis, etiam ex largitionalibus civitatum, qui utique extra palatium degunt. dat. xiii kal.

however, the sureties shall be chosen from diverse offices, even from
the largitional departments of the cities, who in any case dwell outside the palace. Given on the 13th day before the Kalends.

oct. aquileia, acc. xv kal.

october. aquileia, received 15 days before the Kalends.

nov. salerni divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 sept.

Nov. at Salerno, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus
consuls. (September 364

19).

CTh.8.4.0. De cohortalibus principibus corniculariis et primipilaribus

CTh.8.4.0. On cohortal principales, cornicularii, and primipilares

CTh.8.4.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad constantium praefectum praetorio. quoniam iniquissime tyrannus constituit, ut, qui ex cohortali militia honestam missionem et vacationem rerum suarum meruerint, civilibus officiis et curiae necessitatibus inserviant, placet hac lege cessante eos, qui cohortali militia completis xx stipendiis discesserint, ad nulla deinceps civilia munera vel curiae devocari.

Emperor Constantine, Augustus, to Constantius, Praetorian Prefect. Since most unjustly the tyrant decreed that those who from the cohortal soldiery have earned an honorable discharge and an exemption for their own affairs should serve civil offices and the necessities of the curia, it is our pleasure, with this law ceasing, that those who from the cohortal soldiery, having completed 20 stipends, have departed, be henceforth summoned to no civil duties or to the curia.

quam rem et circa officiales praesidum observari conveniet. dat. iiii kal.

which matter also will be fitting to be observed with respect to the officials of the governors. Given on the 4th day before the Kalends.

mai. constantino aug. iiii et licinio iiii conss.

May. Under the consuls Constantine Augustus for the 4th time and Licinius for the 4th time.

(315

[324] apr. 28).

CTh.8.4.2

THEODOSIAN CODE 8.4.2

Idem a. edicto suo ad afros. stationariis primipilarium, quorum manifesta sunt loca, coram mandatum est, ut, si extra modum aliquid extorserint, sciant se capite puniendos: praeterea ne carcerem habeant neve quis personam pro manifesto crimine apud se habeat in custodia neve quis amplius quam duos agasones ex provincia secum habeat vel de numidia sibi adiungat neve ex aliis provinciis agasonem habeat vel qui alicuius iam stationarii minister fuit. proposita vi id. mai.

The same emperor, by his edict to the Africans. It was commanded in their presence to the stationaries of the primipilares, whose stations are manifest, that, if they extort anything beyond measure, they should know they will be punished with the head: furthermore, that they are not to have a prison, nor is anyone to have a person in his custody with him for a manifest crime, nor is anyone to have with him more than two grooms from the province or to attach to himself any from Numidia, nor to have a groom from other provinces, or one who has already been the attendant of some stationary. Posted on May 10.

karthagine constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss. (315 mai. 10).

at carthage, in the consulship of constantine augustus 4 and licinius 4, consuls. (315 may 10).

CTh.8.4.3

Idem a. ad bithynos. primipilaribus post emeritam militiam perfectissimatus vel ducenae vel centenae vel egregiatus dari dignitas potest. dat.

the same augustus to the bithynians. to chief centurions, after completed military service, the dignity of a perfectissimatus or of a ducenary or centenary or egregiatus can be given. given.

xii kal. aug. gallicano et basso conss.

July 21, in the consulship of Gallicanus and Bassus.

(317 iul. 21).

(317 Jul. 21).

CTh.8.4.4

Imp. constantius a. antonio duci mesopotamiae. iuxta suggestionem vicarii mesopotamiae de his, qui officia praesidalia deserentes ad sacramenta militiae adspirasse noscuntur, iteranda statuti desideratur auctoritas, ideoque etiam nunc iubemus, ut retentis his qui veteranorum seu militum filii esse noscuntur ceteros gravitas tua officiis propriis restituere non moretur.

Emperor constantius Augustus to antonius, dux of mesopotamia. in accordance with the suggestion of the vicar of mesopotamia concerning those who, abandoning the praesidial offices, are known to have aspired to the sacraments of military service, the authority of the statute is desired to be reiterated, and therefore even now we order that, with those who are known to be sons of veterans or of soldiers retained, your gravity should not delay to restore the others to their proper offices.

et cetera. dat. iiii non.

and the rest. given on the 4th day before the Nones.

feb. limenio et catullino conss. (349 febr.

feb. limenius and catullinus, consuls. (349 feb.

2).

CTh.8.4.5

Idem a. ad viros clarissimos praefectos praetorio. post alia: beneficiarios in eodem obsequio perseverare volumus. et cetera.

the same augustus to the most illustrious men, the praetorian prefects. after other matters: we wish the beneficiaries to persevere in the same obedience. and so forth.

dat. prid. non.

given on the day before the Nones.

mai. constantino a. vii et constante c. ii conss. (354

May. Constantine, Augustus for the 7th time, and Constans, Caesar for the 2nd time, consuls. (354

[353] mai. 6).

[353] May 6).

CTh.8.4.6

Theodosian Code 8.4.6

Idem a. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. primipilaribus, qui ad pascendos milites sollemniter ad limitem destinantur, gravia sustinentibus detrimenta hoc modo credidimus consulendum, ut duces, qui multa eis extorquere firmantur, nomine munerum vel sportulae nihil amplius percipiant quam percipiebant patre nostro perennis memoriae regente rem publicam, ita ut species a primipilaribus ipsa praestetur nec in nummum aurumve dirigatur, ne super inmensitate pretiorum necessitas conquerendi exsurgat. hac igitur remota iniuria idonei mittantur, qui ex more susceptis omnibus alimoniis militaribus easdem pervehere contendant, actis apud rectorem provinciae conficiendis, per quae designabitur, quantus specierum modus in usum alimoniae militaris a primipilaribus praebeatur et quid ob munera ducibus mittenda vel sportulam, cuius habet notitiam officium praesidale.

The same Augustus to Taurus, Praetorian Prefect. To the primipilares, who are solemnly assigned to the frontier for feeding the soldiers, as they are sustaining heavy detriments, we have believed it should be provided in this way: that the duces, who are affirmed to extort many things from them, under the name of gifts or a sportula, should receive nothing more than they received when our father of everlasting memory was governing the commonwealth, so that the species themselves be furnished by the primipilares and not be directed into coin or gold, lest, on account of the immensity of prices, a necessity of complaining arise. Therefore, with this injury removed, let suitable persons be sent, who, after the military alimonies have been received according to custom, should endeavor to transport the same, with records to be completed before the governor of the province, through which it will be designated how great a measure of species for the use of military alimony is furnished by the primipilares and what on account of gifts to be sent to the duces or the sportula, the knowledge of which the praesidial office has.

dat. epistula praefecto, cui haec sacra fuerat antelata, xi kal. iun.

Given: the epistle to the prefect, to whom this sacred rescript had been forwarded beforehand, on the 11th day before the Kalends of June (May 22).

mediolano datiano et cereale conss. (358 mai. 22).

at Milan
in the consulship of Datianus and Cerealis (358 May 22).

CTh.8.4.7

Idem a. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. beneficiarii vel officiales rationalis, si exhibitione cursus seu primipili necessitate neglecta, interversa etiam ratione fiscali ad ecclesias putaverint transeundum, curialium retrahantur exemplo. si vero obnoxii ratiociniis vel necessitatibus non sint, sub notione iudicum officiis consentientibus, si id probabilis vitae studium postularit, transferantur nec cessionem metuant facultatum.

the same, to Taurus, praetorian prefect. beneficiarii or officials of the Rationalis, if, with the provision of the cursus or the necessity of the primipilus neglected, even with the fiscal account overturned, they shall have thought to pass over to the churches, let them be drawn back by the example of the curials. if indeed they are not subject to accounts or necessities, under the notion of the judges, with the offices consenting, if a reputable pursuit of life shall have required it, let them be transferred, nor let them fear a cession of their resources.

quod si clandestinis artibus putaverint irrependum, ad curialium similitudinem duas concedant liberis aut, si proles defuerit, propinquis e propria substantia portiones tertiam sibimet retenturi; sin vero propinquorum necessitudo defuerit, geminae portiones officiis, in quibus militant, relinquantur portione tertia tantummodo retentata. dat. iiii kal.

but if they shall think to insinuate themselves by clandestine arts, after the similitude of the curials let them grant two portions to their children or, if progeny is lacking, to their relatives from their own substance, being about to retain for themselves a third; but if indeed the bond of relatives is lacking, let the twin portions be left to the offices in which they serve, with only the third portion retained. given on the 4th day before the Kalends.

sept. tauro et florentio conss. (361 aug.

sept. Taurus and Florentius
consuls. (361 aug.

29).

CTh.8.4.8pr.

Theodosian Code 8.4.8 preface.

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. post alia: qui in proconsulum consularium correctorum vel praesidum officiis ita stipendia merentur, ut rei publicae partes pro virili captu per vim laborum procurent, si cursui veredorum obnoxii vel pastui primipili militiam clariorem, aditu obstricti itineris, occupaverint, ita infulas adfectati honoris amittent, ut necessitatem vetustae procurationis agnoscant.

The emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: those who in the offices of proconsuls, consulars, correctors, or presidents so earn their stipends as to procure the interests of the commonwealth, to the extent of their manly capacity, by the force of labors, if, being liable to the course of the post-horses or to the foddering of the primipilus, they have occupied a more illustrious service, the access of the road being constrained, will lose the fillets of the aspired honor, so that they may acknowledge the necessity of the long‑standing charge.

liberi vero eorum si ab ineunte aevo alterius gradus sacramenta meruerint, paternae necessitatis condicione non alias fatigentur, quam si adhuc eos loci, quamquam altioris, tamen eiusmodi docebitur retinere mensura, ut parva contumelia dignitatis paterni muneris subdantur impensis. (364 mai. 13).

but their children, if from their earliest age they shall have merited the sacraments of another grade, are not otherwise to be burdened by the condition of paternal necessity, than if it will still be shown that they retain a place, although a higher one, yet of such a measure, that with a small contumely to the dignity of the paternal office they are subjected to expenses. (364 May 13).

CTh.8.4.8.1

Theodosian Code 8.4.8.1

Et quoad huiusmodi homines in his provinciis militabunt, quas aut primipili pastus aut necessitas veredariae non adigat functionis, xxv eos stipendia a nexu curialis nominationis absolvant; liberis eorum ea condicione obnoxiis municipum complexui relinquendis, si militiae detrectaverint voluntatem. subscribendarii vero, tabularii diurnarii logografi censuales, si et censu opulenti erunt et exercitatione quantulacumque eruditi, post emensum munus ea condicione curiis adgregentur, si, cum in officiis essent vilioribus, nulla eos suppliciorum macula turpaverit. (364 mai.

And so long as men of this sort shall serve in these provinces, which neither the feeding of the primipilus nor the necessity of the veredarian function drives to duty, let 25 years of service release them from the bond of curial nomination; their children, subject to that condition, being left to the embrace of the municipes, if they have refused the will for military service. but the subscribendarii, tabularii, diurnarii, logographi, censuales, if they are both opulent in census and trained by however small an exercise, after the duty has been completed, are to be added to the curiae on this condition, if, when they were in humbler offices, no stain of punishments has disgraced them. (364 May.

13).

CTh.8.4.8.2

Et quoniam infinitum est viritim cuncta complecti, hoc quasi generale conclusio legis amplectitur, ut quicumque alii sine defensione praedictorum privilegiorum in quibuslibet urbibus oppidis municipiis repperiantur, pro captu virium et mediocritate censuum curialia officia suae sortis agnoscant. et cetera. dat.

And since it is endless to embrace everything man by man, this, as it were a general conclusion of the law, embraces that whoever else shall be found without the defense of the aforesaid privileges in whatever cities, towns, or municipia, in proportion to the grasp of their powers and the modesty of their assessments, should acknowledge the curial duties of their lot. and so forth. given.

iii id. mai. hadrianopoli divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 mai.

on 13 may, at hadrianopolis, in the consulship of the deified jovian and varronianus, consuls. (364 may.

13).

CTh.8.4.9

Theodosian Code 8.4.9

Idem aa. ad probum praefectum praetorio. secundum divi iuliani statuta sportula duci in quinquaginta libras argenti non ab uno primipilari, sed ab universis pariter inferatur nihilque amplius duces sportulae sollemnis praetextu conentur exculpere. dat.

The same Augusti to Probus, praetorian prefect. According to the statutes of the deified Julian, let the sportula to the dux be paid at fifty pounds of silver, not by one primipilaris, but by all together; and let the duces attempt to extract nothing more under the pretext of the customary sportula. Given.

viii kal. april. treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

25 march, at trier, valentinian and valens, augusti, consuls.

(368? 370? 373?

mart. 25).

March 25).

CTh.8.4.10

Theodosian Code 8.4.10

Idem aa. ad dracontium vicarium africae. principes seu cornicularios stationes, quae personis suis merito deferuntur, non aliis vendere, sed ipsos potissimum his administratiunculis perfrui iubemus. quod si post pastum primipili de his putaverint nundinandum, non alteri quam adiutoribus suis, et tamen his ipsis, qui numquam eiusmodi stationes egisse doceantur, habeant libertatem licentiamque vendendi.

The same emperors to Dracontius, vicar of Africa. We order that the principals or cornicularii not sell to others the stations, which are deservedly conferred upon their own persons, but that they themselves especially enjoy these little administrative charges. But if, after the primipilus’s perquisite has been supplied, they shall think to haggle over these, they are to sell to no one other than their own assistants, and yet to those very men who can be shown never to have held stations of this sort; let them have the freedom and license of selling.

dat. iii kal. april.

given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of April.

mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 mart. 30).

at Milan, Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, consuls. (365 March 30).

CTh.8.4.11

Theodosian Code 8.4.11

Idem aa. festo consulari syriae. solita cohortalibus syriae privilegia, quae a divo diocletiano porrecta sunt adque concessa, nos quoque porreximus ac iubemus eos non ad sollicitudinem bastagae, non ad functionem naviculariam devocandos, non invitos curialibus coetibus adscribendos, verum peracto labore militiae, pastus primipili competenti sedulitate functione transacta praerogativam his recusationis offerimus. dat.

The same Augusti, on the consular festival in Syria. The customary privileges for the cohortales of Syria, which were extended and granted by the deified Diocletian, we also have extended, and we order that they are not to be summoned to the solicitude of the bastaga (pack-transport), nor to the navicular function, nor, unwilling, to be enrolled in the curial assemblies; rather, when the toil of military service has been completed, with the pastus of the primipilus, the function having been discharged with appropriate sedulity, we offer to them the prerogative of recusation. Given.

vi non. oct. valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

on the 6th day before the nones of october, under valentinian and valens, augusti, consuls.

(365? 368? 370?

oct. 2).

CTh.8.4.12

Theodosian Code 8.4.12

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad probum praefectum praetorio.

emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, the augusti, to probus, praetorian prefect.

post alia: officia rectorum provinciarum tuae magnificentiae litteris volumus admoneri, ut susceptos in officio proprio vel probatos cohortium nomine legionumve privilegiis aestiment inserendos. dat. xvi kal.

after other matters: we wish the offices of the governors of the provinces to be admonished by the letters of your Magnificence, that those received into their own office or approved under the name of cohorts or of legions be deemed fit to be inserted with privileges. Given on the 16th day before the Kalends.

iun. modesto et arinthaeo conss. (372 mai.

June. Modestus and Arintheus, consuls. (372 May

16/7).

16/17).

CTh.8.4.13

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad severum praefectum praetorio.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, augusti, to severus, praetorian prefect.

primipilarium liberos sacramentis adque militiae, quae eorum maioribus fuerat, elapsos ad ultima quidem apparitionis et eandem necessitatem minime devocamus, variis tamen, quas tempus efflagitat, iuvare rem publicam statuimus expensis. dat. iii non.

We by no means call back the children of the primipilares, who have slipped from the sacraments and the military service, which had been their elders’, indeed to the furthest reaches of apparitorial duty and the same necessity; nevertheless, we have decreed that they aid the commonwealth with various expenses which the time demands.
Given on the 3 Nones.

april. mediolano antonio et syagrio conss. (382 apr.

April. At Milan Antonius and Syagrius, consuls. (382 Apr.

[?] 3).

CTh.8.4.14

Idem aaa. ad proculum comitem orientis. qui relicto principatus officio quod gerebat ad senatoriae dignitatis nomen ambiit, propriae redditus militiae plumbatis cohercendus est.

The same Augusti to Proculus, count of the East. He who, having abandoned the office of the principatus which he was holding, has aspired to the title of senatorial dignity, once returned to his own service, is to be constrained with lead‑weighted lashes.

dat. prid. non.

Given on the day before the Nones.

iul. constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 iul.

jul. at constantinople, merobaudes 2 and saturninus, consuls. (383 jul.

6).

CTh.8.4.15

Theodosian Code 8.4.15

Idem aaa. ad neoterium praefectum praetorio. si apparitor diffugerit criminosus, edictum, quo revocari possit, adiecta condicione legibus subsequatur; cui nisi fuerit satisfactum, merito in latitantem a iudice pro qualitate peccati sententia proferetur: veniam enim talibus nos promittimus non daturos, ut saltem huiusmodi oraculi sanctione perterriti, cum de indulgentia desperare coeperint, aut scelera nulla conmittant aut noverint crimina nec fugae latebris nec indulgentiis relaxanda.

The same Augusti to Neoterius, Praetorian Prefect. If a guilty apparitor has fled, let an edict, by which he can be recalled, with the condition appended in accordance with the laws, follow; and unless it is satisfied, deservedly against the one lurking in hiding a sentence will be pronounced by the judge according to the quality of the offense: for to such persons we promise that we will not grant pardon, so that at least, terrified by the sanction of such an oracular decree, when they begin to despair of indulgence, they either commit no crimes or know that crimes are to be relaxed by neither the hiding-places of flight nor by indulgences.

dat. prid. id. iun.

dated the day before the Ides of June (June 12).

mediolano arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 iun. 12).

At Milan, Arcadius Augustus (for the 1st time) and Bauto, consuls. (June 12, 385).

CTh.8.4.16pr.

Theodosian Code 8.4.16, preface.

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. tatiano praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to tatianus, praetorian prefect.

ordinariorum iudicum apparitores, qui vel speculatorum vel ordinariorum adtigerint gradum, nullo annorum numero, nulla stipendiorum contemplatione laxentur, priusquam primipili pastum digesta ratione compleverint. quod si ante debitum locum qui huic functioni habetur obnoxius vel aegri corporis labem vel defessae senectutis extrema ad impetrandam quietem crediderit praetendenda, non prius otio condonetur, quam omne quod primipilo debetur expenderit. (389 mai.

the apparitors of the ordinary judges, who have attained either the grade of the speculatores
or of the ordinarii, are to be released by no number of years and by no consideration of stipends, before they have completed the primipilus’s ration,
with the account set in order. But if before the due point the one who is held liable to this function should think that either the blemish of a sick body or the last stages of worn-out
old age ought to be pleaded to obtain quiet, let him not be granted leisure before he has expended everything that is owed to the primipilus
(389 May.

5).

CTh.8.4.16.1

Eos etiam, qui pro sceleribus suis soluto militiae cingulo addicuntur infamiae, ne integro peculio sub hac occasione laetentur, ita condignae ultioni volumus subiacere, ut functioni quoque, quae extrema militiae debebatur, nihil ex eorum facultatibus subtrahatur. dat. iii non.

We also will that those who, for their crimes, with the military belt loosened, are adjudged to infamy, lest they rejoice under this pretext in an intact peculium, be subject to condign retribution in such a way that, for the assessment too, which was owed at the end of military service, nothing of their resources be withdrawn from it. given on the 3 Nones.

mai. mediolano timasio et promoto conss. (389 mai.

May. At Milan, with Timasius and Promotus as consuls. (389 May.

5).

CTh.8.4.17

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio per orientem. cum ante placuisset, ut a primipilaribus secundum dispositionem divi gratiani species horreis erogandae comitatensibus militibus ex more deferrentur, limitaneis vero pretia darentur, nunc placuit, ut aurum ad officium illustris per illyricum praefecturae cum certa taxatione, id est pro octogenis libris laridae carnis, pro octogenis etiam libris olei et pro duodenis modiis salis singuli solidi perferantur.

The same Augusti to Cynegius, Praetorian Prefect through the East. Whereas it had previously pleased that, from the primipilares, according to the arrangement of the deified Gratian, the commodities to be dispensed from the granaries (horrea) should, as usual, be delivered to the comitatenses soldiers, but that prices be given to the limitanei, now it has pleased that gold be brought to the office of the Illustrious Prefecture for Illyricum with a fixed taxation, that is: for 80 pounds of lard-meat (bacon), for 80 pounds also of oil, and for 12 modii of salt, single solidi shall be delivered.

dat. v kal. iul.

dated on the 5th day before the Kalends of July.

timasio et promoto conss. (389 [?] iun. 27).

in the consulship of Timasius and Promotus. (389 [?] June 27).

CTh.8.4.18

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio.

the emperors theodosius, arcadius and honorius, augusti, to rufinus, praetorian prefect.

ex his, qui de numero comitianorum vel ex apparitione culminis vestri consulari officio deputati sunt, nullus ambiendi et transfugiendi in alterius militiae ordinem habeat facultatem. dat. iii kal.

From those who, from the number of the comitiani or from the apparitio of your eminence have been deputed to the consular office, let no one have the faculty of canvassing and of defecting into the order of another service. Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

iun. heracleae arcadio iii et honorio ii aa. conss. (394 mai.

jun. at heraclea, when arcadius 3 and honorius 2, emperors, were consuls. (394 may.

30).

CTh.8.4.19

Theodosian Code 8.4.19

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. euthymio vicario asiae. in speciebus primipilaribus adaerandis eadem pretiorum taxatio servetur, quae in venalibus publicis poterit repperiri.

the emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to euthymius, vicarius of asia. in monetizing primipilar goods, let the same assessment of prices be observed, which in public auctions can be found.

is enim, qui excedere praecepta nostra temptaverit, severa iudicis sententia cohercebitur. dat. v kal.

For he who shall attempt to overstep our precepts will be restrained by the judge’s severe sentence. Given on the 5th day before the Kalends.

mart. constantinopoli arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 febr.

mar. at constantinople, arcadius for the 4th time and honorius for the 3rd, the augusti, consuls. (396 feb.

26).

CTh.8.4.20

Theodosian Code 8.4.20

Idem aa. et theodosius a. anthemio praefecto praetorio. quicumque ad chartas vel tabulas vel quodcumque aliud ministerium cohortalis optaverit, non ante accedere permittatur, nisi eius nomen matriculis receptum primitus fuerit, poena proposita his, qui contra statuta caelestia crediderint suscipiendos aliquos aut quodlibet eis officium iniungendum, et adtinendis his nihilo minus in officio, qui etiam post haec praecepta meditatione quadam futurae fraudis clam fortassis ita eorum ordinum actibus interfuerunt, ut obtentu non dati militiae nominis liberum sibi, cum id expedisset, praecogitarent abscessum. de his sane, qui huiusmodi artibus antehac usi evitanda officia rescriptorum impetratione crediderint, id statuimus, ut rescriptis, quae ad tuae sublimitatis iudicium emittuntur, nullis praeterea ad alios iudices elicitis eos uti patiamur, vel, si obreptio aliqua fuerit impetrata, a nullo alio iudice suscipiantur.

the same augusti and theodosius augustus, to anthemius, praetorian prefect. whoever shall have opted for the charts or the tablets or whatever other service of the cohort, let him not be permitted to accede before his name shall first have been received into the matriculs, with a penalty proposed for those who, against the celestial statutes, shall have believed that some persons are to be taken on or any duty enjoined upon them; and let those be nonetheless held to their office who, even after these precepts, by some premeditation of future fraud perhaps secretly thus took part in the acts of those orders, so that, under the pretext of the name of military service not having been given, they pre‑considered for themselves a free withdrawal when it had suited. as for those, indeed, who previously made use of arts of this sort and believed, by the obtaining of rescripts, that avoidable offices were avoided, this we decree: that they may use the rescripts which are sent to the judgment of your loftiness, with none besides elicited to other judges; or, if some surreption shall have been obtained, let them be received by no other judge.

dat. xvi kal. april.

dated March 17.

constantinopoli dd. nn. honorio vii et theodosio ii aa. conss. (470 mart. 17).

at constantinople
our lords honorius for the 7th time and theodosius for the 2nd, augusti, consuls. (470 march 17).

CTh.8.4.21

Theodosian Code 8.4.21

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. polychronio, qui ex primipilaribus in memorialium scrinia irrepsit, condicioni propriae restituto generali lege decernimus omnes, qui ex huiusmodi condicione palatinis semet indecenter inseruerunt obsequiis, omissis adsignari natalibus adque omnes, quorum interest huius rei sollicitudo, observare, ne quis desertis adsuetis officiis ad palatina umquam sacramenta adspiret.

The emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. As for Polychronius, who from the primipilares has crept into the bureaus of the memorials, with him restored to his proper condition, we decree by a general law that all who from such a condition have indecently inserted themselves into the palatine services, their natal status having been passed over, are to be assigned back to their natal status; and that all whose concern this matter is are to observe that no one, having deserted his accustomed offices, should ever aspire to the palatine sacraments.

dat. prid. non.

dated on the day before the Nones.

april. constantinopoli varane v. c. cons. (410 apr.

april. at constantinople varanes, a most distinguished man, consul. (410 apr.

4).

CTh.8.4.22

Theodosian Code 8.4.22

Idem aa. seleuco praefecto praetorio. quicumque post militiam provincialis officii vel certe adhuc militans ad maius privilegium militiae ditatus spoliis provincialium properavit, absolutus sacramento eius militiae originario solo adque status sui reddatur obsequiis. neque isdem in futurum nulla adtemptandi maioris splendoris officii adque sacramenti potestas sit.

The same Augusti, to Seleucus, Praetorian Prefect. Whoever, after the service of a provincial office, or indeed while still serving, has hastened to a greater privilege of military service,
enriched by the spoils of the provincials, let him, released from the oath of that service, be returned to the obligations of his place of origin and of his status only. And
for these same persons in the future let there be no power to attempt an office and oath of greater splendor.

dat. prid. kal.

Given on the day before the Kalends.

mart. ravenna dd. nn. honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 febr.

Mar. Ravenna, under our lords Honorius,
consul for the 9th time, and Theodosius, consul for the 5th, Augusti, as consuls. (412 Feb.)

29).

CTh.8.4.23

Theodosian Code 8.4.23

Idem aa. euchario proconsuli africae. quia plurimi consuetam proconsularem ceterorumque iudicum fugientes militiam diversis palatinis seu illustrium potestatum officiis se sociasse dicuntur, decernimus omnes absolutos cingulo militiae ad propriam functionem reduci. in futurum sane praecipimus, ut, si quis comprehensus ad militiam palatinam adspirare aliquibus indiciis adprobetur, in aeternum mancipatui vel susceptioni societur, non ante ex eius officii conversatione removendus, quam vitae finis huiusmodi sententia eundem potuerit liberare.

The same Augusti to Eucharius, proconsul of Africa. because very many, fleeing the customary proconsular militia and that of the other judges, are said to have attached themselves to various palatine offices or to the offices of illustrious powers, we decree that all who have been released from the military belt be led back to their proper function. For the future, we indeed command that, if anyone, when apprehended, is shown by some indications to aspire to the palatine militia, he shall be forever joined to mancipatus or susceptio, not to be removed from the conduct of that office before the end of life by such a sentence could free him.

dat. prid. kal.

given, the day before the Kalends.

mart. ravenna honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 febr.

March. Ravenna, Honorius 9 and Theodosius 5, Augusti, consuls. (412 Feb.

29).

CTh.8.4.24

Theodosian Code 8.4.24

Idem aa. probo comiti sacrarum largitionum. quisquis in officio palatino apparitor vel exutus eodem munere ex proconsulari officio vel ordinarii iudicis potuerit repperiri, sublatis militiae privilegiis functioni propriae regionique reddatur. dat.

The same emperors to Probus, Count of the Sacred Largesses. Whoever, whether an apparitor in the Palatine office, or stripped of the same duty from a proconsular office or of an ordinary judge, can be found, with the privileges of the militia removed, let him be restored to his own function and region. Given.

prid. kal. mart.

the day before the Kalends of March

ravenna dd. nn. honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 febr. 29).

ravenna, our lords.
honorius 9 and theodosius 5, the augusti, consuls. (412 feb. 29).

CTh.8.4.25

Theodosian Code 8.4.25

Idem aa. liberio praefecto praetorio. quicumque ex diversis officiis omnium moderatorum officiales contra vetitum altioris militiae gradum indebite obtinuisse noscuntur, in propria revocentur officia. universos igitur apparitores, quos extra conscientiam tuam vel stipendiorum meritum claruerit ad militiam convolasse, praecipimus revocari similique praeceptione diversorum iudicum officiales antiquae militiae restitui.

the same emperors to liberius, praetorian prefect. whoever of the officials from the various offices of all governors are known to have improperly obtained, against the prohibition, a higher grade of soldiery,
let them be called back to their own offices. therefore we order that all apparitors who will have been shown to have flocked to the soldiery outside your knowledge or the merit of stipends
be recalled, and by a similar precept that the officials of various judges be restored to their former service.

et cetera. dat. vi kal.

etc. given on the 6th day before the Kalends.

dec. ravenna honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 [409?] nov.

dec. ravenna when honorius 9 and theodosius 5, the augusti, were consuls. (412 [409?] nov.

26).

CTh.8.4.26

Theodosian Code 8.4.26

Idem aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. si quis e grege cohortalinorum urguente criminis insectatione stipendiis fuerit exemptus, aut otio traditus quietis artibus inmoretur aut, si ad pristina sacramenta precum miseratione maluerit repedare, indultum nostrae maiestatis oraculum amplissimae tuae sedi offerat allegandum. sanctione hac edictis propositis divulganda, ut provinciarum iudices sciant, si quas caelestes praescriptiones super reddenda militia elicuerit provincialis apparitor, quas non ante praecelsa sedes tua libravit, auditionem huius legis intercessione depulsam.

The same emperors to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. If anyone from the band of the cohortalini, with the pursuit of a charge pressing, has been exempted from stipends, either let him, consigned to leisure, linger in the arts of quiet, or, if by the compassionate consideration of petitions he should prefer to retrace his steps to his former standards of the oath, let him present the grant—our majesty’s oracle—to your most ample seat to be appended. This sanction is to be published with edicts posted, so that the judges of the provinces may know that, if a provincial apparitor has elicited any celestial prescriptions concerning service to be restored, which your most lofty seat has not previously weighed, the hearing is driven off by the intercession of this law.

dat. xiii kal. mart.

Given on the 13th day before the Kalends of March.

constantinopoli honorio x et theodosio vi augg. conss. (415 [?] febr.

at constantinople, when honorius for the 10th time and theodosius for the 6th were consuls, augusti. (415 [?] feb.)

17).

CTh.8.4.27

Idem aa. eustathio praefecto praetorio. pro singulis libris argenti, quas primipilares viris spectabilibus ducibus sportulae gratia praestant, quaterni solidi praebeantur, si non ipsi argentum offerre sua sponte maluerint. dat.

Likewise, the Augusti, to Eustathius, praetorian prefect. For each pound of silver, which the primipilares pay to men of Spectabilis rank, the dukes, by way of sportula,
let four solidi be furnished, unless they themselves have preferred of their own accord to offer the silver. Given.

xiii kal. iul. constantinopoli honorio xiii et theodosio x aa. conss.

19 june, at constantinople, when honorius for the 13th and theodosius for the 10th
augusti, consuls.

(422 iun. 19).

(June 19, 422).

CTh.8.4.28

The Theodosian Code 8.4.28

Idem aa. asclepiodoto praefecto praetorio. valentinianae ceterarumque legum, quae diversa super temporibus usurpatae militiae statuerunt, auctoritate cessante haec praecipimus observari: primum ut neque curialis neque cohortalinus neque curialis aut cohortalini filius condicione deserta ad aliam audeat adspirare fortunam, cui maiorum suorum exempla praeiudicant. dein, si quis memoratarum condicionum laqueis irretitus ad militiam armatam per subreptionem vel illicitum patrocinium transierit et id curia, ex qua tiro ortus est, per decennium iugiter siluerit, ut is, qui in castris sine aliqua fortunae pristinae conventione incessanter stipendia meruerit designata sibi et strenue susceptis armis insudaverit, minime conveniatur ulterius, sed privilegia et praemia viri fortis expectet.

The same Augusti to Asclepiodotus, Praetorian Prefect. With the authority of the Valentinian law and of the other laws, which, adopted at different times, established differing rules concerning periods of usurped military service, ceasing, we direct these things to be observed: first, that neither a curial nor a cohortaline, nor the son of a curial or of a cohortaline, having deserted his condition, may dare to aspire to another fortune, against which the examples of his elders set a precedent. Then, if anyone enmeshed in the snares of the aforementioned conditions has passed over to the armed soldiery through subreption or illicit patronage, and the curia from which the recruit was sprung has continually kept silent about it for a decade, that he who in the camp, without any compact with his former fortune, has incessantly earned his stipends with the arms assigned to him and has toiled strenuously, is not to be proceeded against any further, but should await the privileges and prizes of a brave man.

et cetera. dat. xv kal.

Etcetera. Given on the 15th day before the Kalends.

iun. constantinopoli asclepiodoto et mariniano vv. cc. conss. (423 mai.

june, at constantinople, asclepiodotus and marinianus, most distinguished men, consuls. (423 may.

18).

CTh.8.4.29

Theodosian Code 8.4.29

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. florentio praefecto praetorio. ii, quorum nomina excellentiae tuae suggestio comprehendit, omnesque, qui ex primipilariis ex quacumque provincia quamlibet militiam contra licitum praesumpserunt, etiamsi obtinuisse eam speciali adnotatione nostrae indulgentiae videantur, spoliati cingulo ad priorem statum et condicionem pristinam revocentur, omni aditu cuiuslibet dignitatis ita huiusmodi condicioni praecluso, ut non solum impetratis iam beneficiis careant, verum etiam, si quid postmodum elicere temptaverint, id omne in irritum devocetur.

The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian, Augusti, to Florentius, Praetorian Prefect. The 2, whose names your Excellency’s suggestion includes,
and all who from the primipilarian rank, from whatever province, have presumed any soldiery contrary to what is licit, even if they seem to have obtained it
by a special annotation of our indulgence, let them, stripped of the belt, be recalled to their former status and pristine condition, with every access
to any dignity thus shut off to persons of this kind, so that they not only lack the benefits already obtained, but also, if thereafter they should attempt
to elicit anything, let all of it be brought to naught.

praeceptis enim vestris et publicis utilitatibus in perpetuum debent esse subiecti nec exsequendarum necesitatum munia declinare. dat. vi id. iul.

for they ought to be subject forever to your precepts and to public interests, nor
to shirk the duties of carrying out necessities. Given on the 6th day before the Ides of July.

constantinopoli felice et tauro conss. (428 iul. 10).

At Constantinople, Felix and Taurus, consuls. (428 July 10).

CTh.8.4.30pr.

CTh.8.4.30, preface.

Idem aa. isidoro praefecto praetorio. post alia: eodem exemplo eubulo praefecto praetorio illyrici. si cohortalis apparitor aut obnoxius cohorti ad ullam posthac adspiraverit dignitatem, spoliatus omnibus impetrati honoris insignibus ad statum pristinum revocetur, liberis etiam in tali eius condicione susceptis fortunae patriae mancipandis.

The same Emperors, to Isidore, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: by the same example, to Eubulus, Praetorian Prefect of Illyricum. If a cohortal apparitor or one obligated to the cohort shall hereafter aspire to any dignity, let him, stripped of all the insignia of the honor obtained, be recalled to his former status, with his children also, conceived in such a condition of his, to be mancipated to the fortune of the fatherland.

(436 apr. 3).

(436 April 3).

CTh.8.4.30.1

Si qui vero cohortalis vel subiectus cohorti ullam ante hanc legem gessit militiam aut coeptam dudum etiamnunc gerit aut causidicinam in foro amplissimae praefecturae orientis adque illyrici vel urbano profitetur iudicio, in eodem latarum pridem constitutionum sanctio observetur. (436 apr. 3).

If, however, any cohortalis or one subject to a cohort has borne any military service (militia) before this law, or, having begun long ago, is even now performing it, or professes causidicina (advocacy) in the forum of the most ample Prefecture of the East and of Illyricum or before the Urban court, let the sanction of the constitutions long since promulgated be observed in the same matter. (436 apr. 3).

CTh.8.4.30.2

Post hanc vero legem si quis ex his ausus fuerit ullam affectare militiam, nulla praescriptione temporis muniatur, sed ad condicionem propriam retrahatur, ne ipse vel eius liberi post talem ipsius statum procreati quod cohorti debetur valeant declinare. dat. iii non.

After this law, indeed, if anyone of these shall have dared to aspire to any military service, let him be fortified by no prescription of time, but be drawn back to his own condition,
lest he himself or his children, begotten after such his status, be able to decline what is owed to the cohort. Given on the 3 Nones.

april. constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. (436 apr.

April. At Constantinople, with Isidore and Senator as consuls. (436 Apr.

3).

CTh.8.5.0. De cursu publico angariis et parangariis

CTh.8.5.0. On the public post, angariae and parangariae

CTh.8.5.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad constantium. si quis iter faciens bovem non cursui destinatum, sed aratris deditum duxerit abstrahendum, per stationarios et eos, qui cursui publico praesunt, debito vigore correptus aut iudici, si praesto fuerit, offeratur aut magistratibus municipalibus competenti censura tradatur eorumque obsequio transmittatur, aut si eius fuerit dignitatis, ut nequaquam in eum deceat tali vigore consurgere, super eius nomine ad nostram clementiam referatur.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Constantius. If anyone, while making a journey, shall have led off to be dragged away an ox not destined for the post, but devoted to ploughs, through the stationary officers and those who preside over the public post, let him, seized with due vigor, either be presented to the judge, if he is at hand, or be handed over to the municipal magistrates with a fitting censure and be transmitted by their compliance; or, if he be of such dignity that it is by no means seemly to rise against him with such vigor, let report be made to our clemency concerning his name.

qui enim explicaverit mansionem, si forte boves non habuerit, inmorari debet, donec fuerint exhibiti ab his, qui cursus publici curam gerunt, nec culturae terrae inservientes abstrahere. acc. xi kal.

for whoever has completed his stage (mansio), if by chance he should not have oxen, ought to delay until they have been furnished by those who bear the care of the public cursus, and they must not drag away those that serve the cultivation of the soil. received on the 11th day before the Kalends.

feb. caralis constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss. (315 ian.

feb. at caralis, in the consulship of constantine augustus 4 and licinius 4, consuls. (315 jan.

22).

CTh.8.5.2

Theodosian Code 8.5.2

Idem a. ad titianum. quoniam plerique nodosis et validissimus fustibus inter ipsa currendi primordia animalia publica cogunt quidquid virium habent absumere, placet, ut omnino nullus in agitando fuste utatur, sed aut virga aut certe flagro, cuius in cuspide infixus brevis aculeus pigrescentes artus innocuo titillo poterit admonere, non ut exigat tantum, quantum vires valere non possunt. qui contra hanc fecerit sanctionem promotus, regradationis humilitate plectetur: munifex poenam deportationis excipiat.

The same Augustus to Titianus. since very many, with knotted and very strong clubs, at the very beginnings of running, force the public animals to consume whatever strength they have, it pleases that absolutely no one use a club in driving, but either a switch or certainly a whip, in the tip of which a short prickle fixed may be able to admonish the sluggish limbs with a harmless tickle, not so as to exact as much as their strength cannot sustain. whoever shall have acted contrary to this sanction, if promoted, shall be punished with the lowliness of regradation: the munifex shall incur the penalty of deportation.

dat. prid. id. mai.

given on the day before the Ides of May.

sabino et rufino conss. (316 mai. 14).

in the consulship of sabinus and rufinus (316 May 14).

CTh.8.5.3

Idem a. ad acindynum praefectum praetorio. praesidibus et rationalibus ceterisque, quibus propterea res publica et annonas et alimenta pecoribus subministrat, usurpandi agminalis seu paraveredi licentia derogetur. quibus illud quoque licere non patimur, ne quid de provincialibus citra ordinem poscant nisi hi tantum, quorum fides cognita est, cum usus necessitatis exegerit.

The same Augustus to Acindynus, Praetorian Prefect. Let the license of usurping the agminal or the paraveredi be derogated from the praesides and the rationales and the rest, for whom, on that account, the Republic supplies the annonae and aliments for the beasts; we do not allow this also to be permitted to them, that they should demand anything from the provincials outside the order, except only those whose good faith is known, when the exigency of necessity has required.

vestrae vero gravitatis ubi ratio exegerit, cursus publicus praesto est, quibus si a publico itinere aliqua militari via devertendum fuerit, ubi evectio non erit, publicis utemini agminalibus, sed modice et temperate tantum ad usum proprium necessariis. quae res si neglecta fuerit, vobis aestimationis vestrae notam incurrentibus praesides periculum sustinebunt, cum super hac re exploratores iam missi sint. quae enim mala provincialibus inferantur, conici ex eo etiam potest, quod nostris itineribus, quos publica utilitas movet, magna atque anxia dispositione vix vicenorum agminalium numerus subministrari queat.

but where the reason of your gravity shall have required, the public post is at hand, and if for such persons it shall be necessary to turn aside from the public route by some military road, where there will be no conveyance-permit, you shall use public baggage‑train animals, but moderately and temperately, only for things necessary to your own proper use. if this matter shall be neglected, with you incurring a mark upon your estimation, the governors will undergo peril, since scouts have already been sent about this matter. for what evils are inflicted upon the provincials can also be inferred from this: that for our journeys, which public utility moves, with great and anxious disposition the number of twenty baggage‑train animals can scarcely be furnished.

proposita xv kal. mart. constantino a. vii et constantio caes.

published on February 15, when Constantine Augustus was consul for the 7th time and Constantius Caesar.

conss. (326

consuls. (326

[339] febr. 15).

[339] feb. 15).

CTh.8.5.4pr.

CTh.8.5.4 preface.

Idem a. menandro. certis nuntiis compertum est, quod plures veluti sibi ac necessitatibus propriis petitas angarias taxato pretio distrahunt. quamvis itaque raro posthac et non nisi merentibus evectiones praebendae sint, omnes tamen, qui ubique sunt cursus publici observatione districti, inquirant, si quis in hoc genere criminis possit intercipi, ut emptor et venditor in insulam relegentur, illis etiam, qui observare iussi sunt, pro dissimulatione vel neglegentia idem supplicium luituris.

The same emperor to Menander. It has been ascertained by trustworthy messengers that many, as though requested for themselves and their own necessities, are selling off angaries at a fixed price
they sell. Although therefore hereafter travel warrants are to be furnished rarely and only to those who deserve them, nevertheless let all who are everywhere under the oversight of the public cursus, strictly bound,
inquire whether anyone can be intercepted in this kind of crime, so that the buyer and the seller be relegated to an island, and those also who
have been ordered to oversee it shall pay the same punishment for dissimulation or negligence.

(326 iun. 22).

(June 22, 326).

CTh.8.5.4.1

Non improbum tamen est, si is, qui angarialem habet copiam, ad tutelam vitae vel laborem adeundum itineris pro solacio sibi quendam sociaverit. namque hoc factum meretur veniam nec latere poterit explorantes; illud poena superius dicta plectendum est. super qua re proconsules rectores provinciarum praefectos vehiculorum adque omnes, qui cursui publico praesunt, admoneri conveniet.

It is not improper, however, if he who has access to the angarial service, for the protection of life or for undertaking the labor of the journey, has joined to himself someone as a consolation/companion. for this deed deserves pardon and will not be able to escape investigators; that other thing is to be punished with the penalty said above. concerning which matter it will be fitting that the proconsuls, the rectors of the provinces, the prefects of the vehicles, and all who preside over the public post (cursus publicus), be admonished.

dat. x kal. iul.

given on the 10th day before the Kalends of July.

constantino a. vii et constantio caesare conss. (326 iun. 22).

when constantine augustus for the 7th time and constantius caesar were consuls. (326 june 22).

CTh.8.5.5

Theodosian Code 8.5.5

Idem a. ad musonianum praefectum praetorio. iam dudum nostrae clementiae iussa exsistunt, ut rectoribus provinciarum evectionum faciendarum copia denegetur, quoniam cursui publico magna infertur pernicies, si haec licentia latius panderetur. ideoque hoc ipsum repetimus quod ante placuerat ac iubemus eos auctoritatis tuae litteris commoneri, ut iussis parere festinent.

The same Augustus to Musonianus, praetorian prefect. Our clemency’s orders have long been in force, that to the rectors of the provinces the opportunity of making evections be denied,
since great harm is inflicted upon the public post if this license were spread more broadly. And so we repeat this very thing which previously had been approved and we order that they be admonished by letters of your authority, to hasten to obey the orders.

dat. viii kal. aug.

dated July 25 (8 days before the Kalends of August).

constantio a. vii et constantio c. conss. (354 iul. 25).

Constantius
Augustus for the 7th time, and Constantius Caesar, consuls (354 Jul. 25).

CTh.8.5.6

Theodosian Code 8.5.6

Idem a. magno agenti vicariam praefecturam. hoc interdicto prohibemus, ne quis agminales ac paraveredos aestimet postulandos: in eos enim, qui hoc temere praesumpserint, vindicari acrius oportebit iussione nostra cunctis provincialibus intimata. dat.

The same Augustus to Magnus, acting in the Vicariate Prefecture. By this interdict we prohibit that anyone consider agminales and paraveredi to be demanded: for upon those who shall have rashly presumed this, it will be proper that a more severe retribution be exacted, our order having been made known to all provincials. Given.

kal. aug. constantino a. vii et constantio c. conss.

on the kalends of august
under constantine augustus for the 7th time and constantius caesar, consuls.

(354 aug. 1).

CTh.8.5.7

Theodosian Code 8.5.7

Imp. constantius a. olybrio proconsuli africae. paraveredorum exactio patrimonia multorum evertit et pavit avaritiam nonnullorum.

The emperor Constantius Augustus to Olybrius, proconsul of Africa. The exaction of relay-horses has overturned the patrimonies of many and has fed the avarice of some.

ideoque praelata iussione nostra provinciarum rectores excellentia tua commoneat, ut, exceptis agentibus in rebus, qui ad movendum militem mitti consuerunt, quisquis alius paraveredum exegerit, non ei cedat impune, sed nec illi qui dederit. dat. iii non.

And therefore, by our order set forth above, let your Excellency admonish the governors of the provinces that, except for the agentes in rebus, who are accustomed to be sent to mobilize the soldier, whoever else shall have exacted a post-horse, it shall not go unpunished for him, nor for the one who has given it. Given on the 3rd day before the Nones.

aug. antiochiae constantio a. vii et constantio caes. conss.

in august, at antioch
under constantius, augustus, for the 7th time, and constantius, caesar, consuls.

(354

[360] aug. 3).

[360] August 3).

CTh.8.5.8pr.

CTh.8.5.8 preface.

Idem a. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. evectiones ab omnibus postulentur, quacumque conspicui fuerint dignitate; non enim debet esse umquam efficax usurpatio, quae possit animalibus publici cursus inferre perniciem. quod si quis putaverit resistendum et sine evectione iter facere detegitur, ubi repertus fuerit, eundem iussimus detineri ac de eius nomine ad prudentiam tuam et ad musonium clarissimum virum comitem et magistrum officiorum referri.

The same Augustus to Taurus, Praetorian Prefect. Let travel warrants be requested from all, by whatever dignity they may be conspicuous; for a usurpation ought never to be efficacious, which could bring ruin upon the animals of the public cursus. But if anyone shall have thought he must resist and is discovered to make a journey without a travel warrant, wherever he shall be found, we have ordered the same to be detained, and that a report concerning his name be made to Your Prudence and to Musonius, a most distinguished man, Count and Master of the Offices.

(357

[356] iun. 24).

[356] June 24).

CTh.8.5.8.1

Codex Theodosianus 8.5.8.1

Statuimus raedae mille pondo tantummodo superponi, birotae ducenta, veredo triginta; non enim ampliora onera perpeti videntur. (357

We decree that only a thousand pounds be placed upon a raeda, two hundred upon a birota, thirty upon a veredus; for they do not seem able to endure greater burdens. (357

[356] iun. 24).

[356] June 24).

CTh.8.5.8.2

Octo mulae iungantur ad raedam aestivo videlicet tempore, hiemali decem; birotis trinas sufficere iudicavimus. adque haec cuncta regionibus praestitutos curare praecipimus poena eis proposita. dat.

Let eight mules be yoked to the raeda (carriage) in summer-time, namely; in winter, ten; for two-wheeled carts (birotae) we have judged three to suffice. and moreover all these things
we command those appointed over the regions to take care of, with a penalty set before them. Given.

viii kal. iul. mediolano constantio a. viiii et iuliano caes.

on the 8th day before the Kalends of July, at Milan, under Constantius Augustus for the 9th time and Julian Caesar.

ii consulibus. (357

2 consuls. (357

[356] iun. 24).

[356] June 24).

CTh.8.5.9pr.

Theodosian Code 8.5.9 preface.

Idem a. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. miranda sublimitas tua nullos evectioni dies addendos esse cognoscat nec passim raedarum tractorias vel evectiones birotum faciat. (357 dec.

The same Augustus to Taurus, Praetorian Prefect. Let your admirable sublimity know that no days are to be added to the evection, nor let him indiscriminately make out tractoriae for carriages (raedae) or evections for two-wheeled vehicles. (357 Dec.

[?] 6).

CTh.8.5.9.1

Theodosian Code 8.5.9.1

Et agentibus in rebus a tua sublimitate tribui vel fieri evectionem vetamus; sufficere namque posse confidimus, quae isdem a nobis vel magistri officiorum comitatus nostri iussis necessaria habita ratione praebentur. dat. viii id. dec.

And we forbid that an evection be granted or made to the agents in affairs by Your Sublimity; for we are confident that those things which are supplied to the same persons by our orders or by the orders of the Master of the Offices of our retinue, the necessary things furnished with due consideration, are sufficient. Given on December 6.

mediolano constantio a. viiii et iuliano caesare ii conss. (357 dec. [?] 6).

At Milan, when Constantius, Augustus, for the 9th time, and Julian
Caesar, for the 2nd time, were consuls. (357 Dec. [?] 6).

CTh.8.5.10

Theodosian Code 8.5.10

Idem a. ad flavianum proconsulem africae. nulli de cetero subiunctorio privato animalia publica praebeantur nec rei huiusmodi facultas mulionibus relinquatur, sed penitus conquiescat. dat.

the same augustus to flavianus, proconsul of africa. let no public animals be furnished hereafter to any private subjunctor, nor let the faculty of this kind be left to the muleteers, but let it entirely cease. given.

vi kal. nov. sirmio post consulatum constanti a. viiii et iuliani caes.

on the 6th day before the Kalends of November, at Sirmium, after the consulship of Constantius Augustus for the 9th time and of Julian Caesar

ii. (358 oct. 27).

2. (358 Oct. 27).

CTh.8.5.11

Codex Theodosianus 8.5.11

Idem a. helpidio praefecto praetorio. ne qua posthac legio amplius quam duas angarias et hoc eorum, si qui aegri sunt, causa usurpare conetur, cum ad destinata proficiscitur, ita tamen, ut pro singulis angariis bina tantum boum paria consequantur. si qui post hanc legem amplius moverit, in maximam se reprehensionem sciat esse venturum.

The same Augustus to Helpidius, Praetorian Prefect. Let no legion henceforth attempt to usurp more than two angariae—and this for the sake of those among them who are sick—when it sets out to its appointed destinations; yet in such a way that for each angaria they obtain only two pairs of oxen. If anyone after this law exacts more, let him know that he will come into the greatest censure.

dat. xvi kal. dec.

dated on the 16th day before the Kalends of December.

indictione iiii. (360 nov. 16).

in the 4th indiction. (360 nov. 16).

CTh.8.5.12

Theodosian Code 8.5.12

Imp. iulianus a. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. quoniam cursum publicum fatigavit quorundam inmoderata praesumptio et evectionum frequentia, quas vicaria potestas et praesidum adque consularium officia prorogare non desinunt, curam ac sollicitudinem huius rei nos subire compulsi faciendarum evectionum licentiam cunctis abduximus.

The emperor julian augustus to mamertinus, praetorian prefect. since the public post has been wearied by the immoderate presumption of certain persons and by the frequency of travel warrants (evections), which the vicariate power and the offices of governors and of consulars do not cease to prolong, compelled to assume the care and solicitude of this matter, we have withdrawn from all the license for issuing evections.

exceptis igitur vobis nulli evectionem licebit facere de cetero. sed ut necessitates publicae impleantur, vicariis denas vel duodenas evectiones manu mea perscriptas ipse permittam, praesidibus vero binas annuas faciat vestra sublimitas, quibus ad separatas provinciarum secretasque partes necessariis ex causis officiales suos dirigere possint. sed his quoque nostra etiam mansuetudo evectiones singulas dabit, ut ad nos referre possint, cum id fieri necessitas quaedam exegerit.

Therefore, with you excepted, it shall be permitted to no one to make an evection hereafter.
But so that public necessities be fulfilled, to the vicars I myself will permit ten or twelve evections, written out by my own hand; but for the presidents (provincial governors) let Your Sublimity make two annually,
by which they may be able to direct their officials to the separate and secret parts of the provinces for necessary causes.
But to these also our clemency will give single evections, so that they may report to us, when some necessity has demanded that this be done.

acc. viii kal. mart.

received on the 8th day before the Kalends of March (February 22).

syracusis mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 febr. 22).

at syracuse, with mamertinus and nevitta as consuls. (362 feb. 22).

CTh.8.5.13

Theodosian Code 8.5.13

Idem a. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. ad suggestionem comitis adque eorum, qui largitionibus praesunt, illationi specierum largitionalium competentes evectiones rectores provinciarum, cum absit vicarius, facere debent. quod universis rectoribus tua sublimitas indicare non differat.

The same Augustus to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. Upon the suggestion of the count and of those who preside over the Largitiones, for the illation of largitional species the rectors of the provinces, when the vicarius is absent, ought to make the competent evections. Let not Your Sublimity delay to indicate this to all the rectors.

acc. xii kal. iul.

received on the 12th day before the kalends of july.

mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 iun. 20).

in the consulship of mamertinus and nevitta. (362 June 20).

CTh.8.5.14pr.

Theodosian Code 8.5.14, preface.

Idem a. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. qui contra adnotationem manus nostrae plures quam evectio continebit veredos crediderit usurpandos, capitalem rem fecisse videbitur, et si instantis necessitatis gratia non retineatur, quis tamen ille sit ad censurae tuae, tum ad serenitatis nostrae conscientiam referendum est. (362 sept.

The same Augustus to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. Whoever, contrary to the annotation of our hand, shall have believed that more post-horses than the evectio will contain are to be used, will be seen to have committed a capital offense; and, if he is not detained for the sake of pressing necessity, who he is must be referred to your censure, then to the conscience of Our Serenity. (362 Sept.

9).

CTh.8.5.14.1

Theodosian Code 8.5.14.1

Et quamquam, quid sit parhippus, et intellegere et discernere sit proclive, tamen, ne forte interpretatio depravata aliter hoc significet, sublimitas tua noscat parhippum eum videri et habendum esse, si quis usurpato uno vel duobus veredis, quos solos evectio continebit, alterum tertiumve extra ordinem commoveat. (362 sept. 9).

And although what a parhippus is is easy both to understand and to discern, nevertheless, lest perchance a corrupted interpretation signify this otherwise, let Your Sublimity know that he is seen and must be held to be a parhippus, if anyone, having used one or two veredi, which alone the evectio will contain, should set in motion another or a third out of order. (362 sept. 9).

CTh.8.5.14.2

Nihil autem interesse debet nec ad crimen vocari, utrum agens in rebus suo anne mulionis itineri subiugando, modo evectionis datae formam et licentiam non excedat. dat. v id. sept.

Nothing, moreover, ought to make a difference nor be called to a charge, whether an agent in affairs, by yoking for the journey, uses his own or the muleteer’s, provided he does not exceed the form and license of the evectio granted.
given on September 9.

mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 sept. 9).

mamertinus and nevitta, consuls (September 9, 362).

CTh.8.5.15

Idem a. ad avitianum vicarium africae. mancipum cursus publici dispositio proconsulis forma teneatur, neque tamen sit cuiusquam tam insignis audacia, qui parangarias aut paraveredos in civitatibus ad canalem audeat commovere, quo minus marmora pivatorum vehiculis provincialium transferantur, ne otiosis aedium cultibus provincialium patrimonia fortunaeque lacerentur. dat.

The same Augustus to Avitianus, vicarius of Africa. Let the arrangement of the slaves of the public post be maintained according to the proconsul’s form; yet let there be no one of such marked audacity as to dare to stir up parangariae or paraveredi in the cities at the canal, in order that the marbles of private persons be transported by the vehicles of provincials, lest by the idle adornments of houses the patrimonies and fortunes of the provincials be torn. Given.

vii kal. nov. antiochiae iuliano a. iiii et sallustio conss.

26 October, at Antioch
in the consulship of Julian Augustus for the 4th time and Sallust, consuls.

(363 oct. 26).

CTh.8.5.16pr.

Theodosian Code 8.5.16pr.

Idem a. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. in provincia sardinia, in qua nulli paene discursus veredorum seu paraveredorum necessarii esse noscuntur, ne provincialium status subruatur, memoratum cursum penitus amputari oportere decernimus, quem maxime rustica plebs, id est pagi contra publicum decus tolerarunt. excellens igitur auctoritas tua officio praesidali necessitatem tolerandae huiusmodi exhibitionis imponat, aut certe, si hoc existimant onerosum, suis animalibus uti debebunt, quotiens eos commeare per provinciam necessitas publica persuaserit.

The same emperor to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. In the province of Sardinia, in which almost no relays of post-horses or auxiliary post-horses are known to be necessary, lest the status of the provincials be undermined, we decree that the aforesaid post-service be entirely cut off, which the rural plebs, that is, the villages, have borne most of all against the public decorum. Therefore let your excellent authority lay upon the praesidial office the necessity of bearing the provisioning of this sort; or certainly, if they consider this burdensome, they must use their own animals, whenever public necessity has persuaded them to travel through the province.

(363 nov. 25).

(November 25, 363).

CTh.8.5.16.1

Sane angariarum cursum submoveri non oportet propter publicas species, quae ad diversos portus deferuntur. proinde considerata rerum necessitate pro locorum situ atque itineris qualitate tantum numerum angariarum collocari oportere decernas, quantum necessarium esse adhibitae plenissime deliberationes suaserint. dat.

Surely the relay of the angariae ought not to be removed on account of the public consignments which are carried to diverse ports. Accordingly, with the necessity of the matters considered, you should decree that, according to the site of the places and the quality of the route, such a number of angariae be stationed as the deliberations most fully applied have advised to be necessary. given.

vii kal. dec. antiochiae iuliano a. iiii et sallustio conss.

November 25, at Antioch, in the consulship of Julian, Augustus, for the 4th time, and Sallustius.

(363 nov. 25).

(November 25, 363).

CTh.8.5.17pr.

Codex Theodosianus 8.5.17, preface.

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad menandrum. vehiculis nihil ultra mille librarum mensuram patiemur imponi, ita ut veredarii sat habeant, quod his triginta libras equis vehere concessimus.

Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Menander. We will allow nothing to be imposed upon vehicles beyond the measure of 1,000 pounds, so that the veredarii have enough, since we have permitted them to convey thirty pounds on horses.

quidquid igitur supra mensuram exsuperare constiterit, ad dispendium eius, qui in legem conmiserit, fisco conveniet adscribi. (364 mart. [?] 14).

Therefore, whatever shall be established to exceed the measure shall be ascribed to the fisc, to the detriment of him who has contravened the law. (364 March [?] 14).

CTh.8.5.17.1

Illud sane, ut penitus enormium vehiculorum usus intercidat, sanciendum esse decernimus, ut, quisquis opificum ultra hanc quam perscripsimus normam vehiculum crediderit esse faciendum, non ambigat sibi, si liber sit, exilii poenam, si servus, metalli perpetua supplicia subeunda. dat. prid.

Indeed, in order that the use of enormous vehicles may utterly be cut off, we decree that it is to be sanctioned, that whoever of the craftsmen beyond this which we have prescribed standard shall have supposed a vehicle ought to be made, let him not doubt for himself, if he be free, the penalty of exile; if a slave, the perpetual punishments of the mines are to be undergone. Given, the day before.

id. mart. mediolano divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 mart.

the Ides of March, at Milan, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus. (364, March

[?] 14).

CTh.8.5.18pr.

Theodosian Code 8.5.18, preface.

Idem aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. si quando praepositus largitionum species transmittendas necessarias esse suggesserit ac brevem diversarum specierum, cui subvectio vehiculorum poscitur, designaverit, a praesidibus diversorum officiorum evectio competens praebeatur. (364 mai.

The same Augusti to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. If ever the Superintendent of the Largesses shall have suggested that kinds (species) to be transmitted are necessary and
shall have designated a brief of the various species, for which the subvection of vehicles is demanded, let a suitable conveyance (evectio) be provided by the presidents of the various offices. (May 364.

13).

CTh.8.5.18.1

Illud etiam sublimitas tua observari omni cautione praecipiat, ne amplius in singulis quibusque carpentis, quam bini aut ut summum terni homines invehantur, quos tamen directarum rerum custodes vel prosecutores esse constiterit. dat. iii id. mai.

Your Sublimity should also command with every caution that, in each and every carriage, no more than two, or at the most three,
persons be conveyed, provided they have been established to be custodians or escorts of matters sent under directive. Given on the 3rd day before the Ides of May.

divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 mai. 13).

the deified Jovian and Varronianus
consuls. (364 May 13).

CTh.8.5.19

Theodosian Code 8.5.19

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. magnifica sedes tua evectionum faciendarum arbitrium in publicis tantum causis usurpet. verum ingenti procurabitur cautione, ne parum considerata facilitas ita publicis incipiat visceribus imminere, ut fatigatione nimia paenitentiam huius concessionis suscipere cogamur.

The same Augusti to Symmachus, prefect of the city. Let your magnificent office exercise the discretion of issuing evections (post-warrants) only in public causes. But with great caution provision shall be made, lest an ill-considered facility begin so to press upon the very vitals of the public that, through excessive fatigue, we be compelled to take up repentance for this concession.

dat. viiii kal. iul.

Dated the 9th day before the Kalends of July (June 23).

philippopoli divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 iun. 23 [mai.

at Philippopolis, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus, consuls. (364 June 23 [May])

25]).

CTh.8.5.20pr.

CTh. 8.5.20, preface.

Idem aa. ad florianum comitem rerum privatarum. iuxta divi iuliani consultissimam legem ad transferendas largitionum res necessarias competentia iudices evectionum subsidia perferant. (364 sept.

The same Emperors to Florianus, count of the Private Estate. According to the most well-advised law of the deified Julian, for transferring the necessary goods of the Largesses,
let the competent judges deliver the subsidies of evections. (364 sept.

12).

CTh.8.5.20.1

Illud quoque adiectum est, ne quicquam oneris vehiculis publicis cumulatius, quam ratio fiscalis posceret, superponeretur, si quidem non amplius in singulis quibusque vehiculis, quam binos aut ut summum ternos sedere praeceptum sit. dat. prid.

It has also been added that no burden be superimposed upon the public vehicles more cumulatively than the fiscal rationale requires, since indeed it has been prescribed that not more than two, or at the utmost three, are to sit in each and every vehicle. given the day before.

id. sept. divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 sept.

the Ides of September, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and
Varronianus, consuls. (364 sept.

12).

CTh.8.5.21

Theodosian Code 8.5.21

Idem aa. ad artemium. competenti ratione prohibemus, ne hi, qui familiae praesunt, novum rapinarum aut fraudium genus exerceant, ut pro rotarum tritura ac ministeriis pecuniam ab angariarum praebitoribus poscant. pro rotis igitur et pro angariis praebitores dispendia nulla patiantur.

The same Emperors to Artemius. By an appropriate regulation we forbid that those who preside over households practice a new kind of rapine or of frauds, namely that they demand money from the providers of the angariae for the grinding-wear of wheels and for services. Therefore, on account of wheels and on account of the angariae, let the providers suffer no expenditures.

dat. iii kal. oct.

Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of October.

aquileia divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 sept. 29).

aquileia under the deified jovian and varronianus, consuls. (364 sept. 29).

CTh.8.5.22pr.

CTh.8.5.22pref.

Idem. aa. ad volusianum praefectum urbi. cunctos iudices laudanda tua sinceritas monebit, ut minime quosque transire patiantur, antequam seriem evectionis aspexerint et congrua subnotatione dimiserint.

The same. The Augusti to Volusianus, Prefect of the City. Your praiseworthy sincerity will admonish all judges that they should by no means allow anyone to pass, before they have inspected the series of evection and have dismissed them with the appropriate subnotation.

sane cuiuscumque fuerit dignitatis qui nostra interdicta calcaverit, retentetur, dum super ipsius nomine ad mansuetudinem nostram querella dirigatur, cui vindicta non deerit. in eos autem protinus ultio competens exserenda est, quos sinceritas tua pro loco graduque militiae ibidem coherceri posse crediderit. (365 febr.

indeed, of whatever dignity he may be who has trampled upon our interdicts,
let him be detained, until a complaint concerning his person is directed to our lenity, for which retribution will not be lacking. but upon those, however,
appropriate retribution is to be exercised forthwith, whom your Sincerity shall have believed can on the spot be coerced according to the place and the grade of service. (365 Febr.

[?] 18).

CTh.8.5.22.1

Theodosian Code 8.5.22.1

Praeterea illud adiungimus, ut parhippum vel avertarium nullus accipiat, nullus impune praesumat, nisi eum nostrae serenitatis arbitrio aliqua necessitate cogente vir illustris magister officiorum textui evectionis addiderit. prolata litteris sub die xii kal. mart.

Moreover we append this: that no one receive a parhippus (spare horse) or avertarium (detour-permit), no one presume upon it with impunity, unless, at the discretion of Our Serenity, some necessity compelling, the Illustrious Master of the Offices has added it to the text of the evectio (travel-warrant). Promulgated by letters on February 18.

romae, acc. iiii kal. april.

at rome, received on the 4th
day before the kalends of april.

venabri consulatu valentiniani et valentis aa. (365 febr. [?] 18).

at venabrum, in the consulship of valentinian and valens, the augusti. (365 february [?] 18).

CTh.8.5.23pr.

Theodosian Code 8.5.23, preface.

Idem aa. mamertino praefecto praetorio. ad procurationem clavularii cursus eligendi sunt ex eo hominum genere, qui in provinciis codicillis comitivae et praesidatus aut rationum epistulis honorariis nixi ab omnium se civilium et publicorum officiorum ministerio removerunt. his tamen ab hac molestia segregatis, qui legationum reverentia, principalium beneficiorum iudiciis, honorem ipsis principibus tradentibus sunt adepti vel qui emeritis officiis palatinis missione donati sunt.

The same Augusti, to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. For the procuration of the clavularius of the cursus, there are to be chosen from that class of men who, in the provinces,
relying on codicils of comitiva and of praesidatus or on honorary epistles of the Accounts, have removed themselves from the service of all civil and public offices.
Yet set apart from this burden are those who, by the reverence of legations, by the judgments of princely benefactions—the honor being handed over by the princes themselves—have obtained it,
or those who, their Palatine offices completed, have been granted discharge.

(365 mart. 10).

(365 March 10).

CTh.8.5.23.1

Locandi autem erunt per singulas mansiones vel quo longius sinceritas tua procurationem eorum existimaverit porrigendam. in quo negotio si quid neglectum secusve gestum fuerit, ad eorum, quidquid peccatum erit, crimen invidiamque referetur. (365 mart.

However, they are to be lodged at each mansion, or as far farther as Your Sincerity shall have judged their provision to be extended. in which
business, if anything shall have been neglected or handled otherwise, whatever fault there shall have been, the charge and invidious blame will be referred to them. (365 March.

10).

CTh.8.5.23.2

Theodosian Code 8.5.23.2

Quanto autem tempore unusquisque iniuncti officii sarcinam debeat sustinere, celsitudinis tuae arbitriis relinquimus sanciendum. (365 mart. 10).

However, for how long each person ought to bear the burden of the enjoined office, we leave to be sanctioned by your Highness’s judgments. (365 March 10).

CTh.8.5.23.3

Qui viri et evectiones commeantium exactissima cura inspicere debebunt et animalibus alimenta, quae fiscus noster suggerit, ministrare. dat. vi id. mart.

These men must, with the most exact care, inspect the evectio permits of travelers and supply to the animals the fodder which our fisc provides. Given on March 10.

mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 mart. 10).

at milan valentinian and valens, augusti, consuls. (365 march 10).

CTh.8.5.24

Idem aa. ad buleforum consularem campaniae. nonnullos id agere compertum est, ut, si forte defecta fuerint animalia, quae vehiculis deputata sunt, veredorum numerum, qui alteri serviunt necessitati, ad raedas quibus utuntur usurpent. hanc licentiam per mancipes locorum omnifariam prohiberi conveniet, ut, si quis extiterit, qui formam nostrae sanctionis excedat, cuiuscumque fuerit dignitatis, tamdiu resistere ac residere cogatur, quamdiu animalia, quibus iter peragat, revertantur.

The same emperors to the bulephorus, the consular governor of Campania. It has been discovered that some are doing this: if by chance the animals which are assigned to the vehicles have failed, they appropriate to the rhedae they use the number of post-horses (veredi), which serve another necessity. This license must be everywhere forbidden through the mancipes of the locales, so that, if anyone should arise who exceeds the form of our sanction, of whatever dignity he may be, he shall be compelled to halt and to sit-stay as long as the animals, by which he may accomplish the journey, return.

dat. viiii kal. april.

Given on the 9th day before the Kalends of April.

mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 mart. 24).

at milan, valentinian and valens, augusti,
consuls. (365 march 24).

CTh.8.5.25

Theodosian Code 8.5.25

Idem aa. ad symmachum correctorem lucaniae et brittiorum. compertum est usurpatione quorundam in publici cursus damna grassante ab itinere solito deviari. proinde si quis iter faciens cuiuscumque dignitatis fuerit militans ab itinere recto deverterit quingentis passibus, poena in eum competens proferatur et ad nostram scientiam referatur.

the same emperors to symmachus, corrector of lucania and the bruttii. it has been found that, by the usurpation of certain persons, to the detriment of the public cursus, there is a deviation from the accustomed route. accordingly, if anyone making a journey, of whatever dignity he may be, being in military service, shall turn aside from the straight route by 500 paces, let a fitting penalty be pronounced against him, and let it be referred to our knowledge.

dat. viii kal. april.

dated March 25.

mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 mart. 25).

At Milan, under the consulship of the emperors Valentinian and Valens (365, March 25).

CTh.8.5.26

Theodosian Code 8.5.26

Idem aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. cursus mancipes clavularii ex quo genere hominum debeant ordinari, apertissima lege decrevimus. quorum si praedictae numerus functioni non potuerit occurrere, curiales ad hoc munus sunt vocandi.

The same Augusti to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. We have decreed by a most explicit law from what class of men the contractors (mancipes) and locksmiths of the imperial post ought to be appointed. If the number of the aforesaid cannot meet the needs of the function, curials are to be called to this duty.

dat. vi kal. mai.

dated April 26.

valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 apr. 26).

valentinian and valens, the emperors, consuls. (365 apr. 26).

CTh.8.5.27

Codex Theodosianus 8.5.27

Idem aa. ad fortunatum consularem pannoniae secundae. neque plures parhippos dimittendos nec emensis evectionibus dandam conmeandi cuiquam facultatem gravitas tua cognoscat. in eo autem ne admonitionem quidem adhibendam putamus, ut a nullo omnino cursus publicus sine evectionis auctoritate moveatur.

The same Augusti to Fortunatus, consular governor of Pannonia Secunda. Let your Gravity know that neither are more post-horses (parhippi) to be dispatched nor, once the evectiones have been used up, is the faculty of traveling to be granted to anyone. Moreover, in this we think there is not even need of a reminder: that the cursus publicus is not to be set in motion by anyone whatsoever without the authority of an evection.

dat. v kal. iun.

given on May 28.

mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 mai. 28).

at Milan, with Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, consuls (365 May 28).

CTh.8.5.28

Theodosian Code 8.5.28

Idem aa. ad probum praefectum praetorio. quod iam gallis prodest, ad illyricum etiam italiaeque regiones convenit redundare, ut non amplius raeda quam mille pondo subvectet, angariae mille quingenta sufficiant, veredo ultra triginta nullus imponat. directa v kal.

the same augusti to probus, praetorian prefect. what now profits the gauls, it is fitting to extend also to illyricum and the regions of italy, so that a raeda not carry more than 1,000 pounds, that for angariae 1,500 suffice, let no one impose more than 30 upon a post-horse. dispatched on the 5th day before the kalends.

ian. sirmio valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (368?

jan. at sirmium, under valentinian and valens, emperors, consuls. (368?

370? 373? dec.

28).

CTh.8.5.29

Theodosian Code 8.5.29

Idem aa. ad domnum consularem siciliae. ii tantum parhippum praesumant, quibus nos ipsi in evectione quam facimus veredum cum parhippo tribui iusserimus. si quis vero citra nostrae adnotationis indultum id licenter exegerit, severissimae subiaceat ultioni.

The same Augusti to the lord consular of Sicily. Only those may presume a spare horse, to whom we ourselves, in the travel-warrant that we issue, have ordered that a courier-horse with
a spare horse be granted. But if anyone, without the indult of our annotation, shall licentiously exact this, let him be subject to the most severe punishment.

dat. iiii non. dec.

given on the 4th
day before the nones of december

treviris post consulatum lupicini et iovini vv. cc. (368

at Trier, after the consulship of Lupicinus and Jovinus, most distinguished men. (368

[367] dec. 2).

CTh.8.5.30

Theodosian Code 8.5.30

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad viventium praefectum praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, augusti, to viventius, prefect of the praetorium

perspicue sanxeramus, ut in carpentis raedarum mensuram subditam nullus excederet, nemo amplius raedae quam mille pondo, angariae quam mille quingenta, veredo quam triginta auderet imponere. ideoque ad illustres magistros equitum et peditum scripta porreximus, ut per loca, quae huiuscemodi observationis excubiis munienda sunt, sollicitos protectores diligentesque constituant, quo idem et mensuram vehiculorum et vim onerum semper inspiciant nihilque fieri contra haec iura patiantur. quin etiam, quotienscumque aliquis fuerit inventus excessisse legem vel vehiculi enormitate vel ponderis, quemlibet locum, quamcumque ille protulerit dignitatem, quidquid ultra mensuram esse constiterit, aput se protector, qui insolentiam deprehenderit, retentabit, donec super eo, qui interdicta contempserit, ad clementiam nostram relatio dirigatur.

We had explicitly sanctioned that, in the carpentum-carts of the raedae, no one should exceed the measure laid down, that no one should dare to impose upon a raeda more than 1,000 pounds, upon an angaria (compulsory-service wagon) more than 1,500 pounds, upon a veredus (post-horse) more than 30 pounds. therefore we have forwarded writings to the illustrious Masters of Horse and Foot, that through the places which must be fortified by the sentry-watches of observation of this kind, they may appoint solicitous and diligent Protectors, in order that these same may always inspect both the measure of the vehicles and the weight of the loads and allow nothing to be done against these laws. moreover, whenever anyone shall have been found to have exceeded the law either by the enormity of the vehicle or of the weight, whatever place, whatever dignity he may have put forward, whatever shall have been established to be beyond the measure, the Protector who has detected the insolence will retain with himself, until a report concerning the one who has scorned the interdicts is directed to our clemency.

dat. viiii kal. oct.

given on the 9th day before the kalends of october.

valentiniano et valente ii aa. conss. (368 sept. 23).

valentinian and valens, augusti, consuls for the 2nd time (368 sept. 23).

CTh.8.5.31

Theodosian Code 8.5.31

Idem aaa. ad catafronium vicarium italiae. nec mulionibus nec carpentariis nec mulomedicis cursui publico deputatis mercedem a quoquam sinceritas tua siverit ministrari, cum iuxta publicam dispositionem annonas et vestem, quam isdem credimus posse sufficere, consequantur.

The same Emperors to Catafronius, Vicar of Italy. Your Sincerity shall allow no wage to be furnished by anyone
to the muleteers, the wagoners, or the mule‑doctors assigned to the public post, since, according to the public disposition, they receive rations and clothing, which we believe can suffice for those same men.

et cetera. dat. xviii kal.

and the rest. dated on the 18th day before the Kalends.

sept. treviris valentiniano et valente iii aa. conss. (370 aug.

September, at Trier, when Valentinian and Valens, emperors, were consuls for the 3rd time (370 aug.

15).

CTh.8.5.32

Theodosian Code 8.5.32

Idem aaa. ad ampelium. evectionum copiam senatui, cum proficiscendi ad nos necessitas fuerit, serenitas nostra largita est.

The same Augusti to Ampelius. Our Serenity has bestowed upon the Senate the provision of post-warrants, whenever there shall be a necessity of proceeding to us.

nam si adclamationibus populi romani nostri aliisque antiquis et sollemnibus rebus concessa iugitas illibata servatur, provincialibus etiam, quando e re esse censerent, evectionum copia non negata est, ut ad nos sumpta evectione contendant, quanto magis huius arbitrii his facultas est deferenda, quos collegii merito videre frequentius cupimus? dat. iii id. dec.

for if the acclamations of our Roman people and other ancient and solemn matters keep the granted perpetuity inviolate, and to provincials also, whenever they judged it to be to the advantage, the abundance of evectiones (post-warrants) has not been denied, so that, having taken an evectio, they might hasten to us, how much more ought the faculty of this discretion to be conferred upon those whom, by the merit of their college, we desire to see more frequently? Given on the 3rd day before the Ides of December.

treviris gratiano a. ii et probo conss. (371 dec. 11).

at trier, when gratian augustus for the 2nd time and probus were consuls (371 dec. 11).

CTh.8.5.33pr.

Idem aaa. ad constantium. evectionum emittendarum etiam per ceteras provincias dumtaxat in translationem vestium tua sinceritas habeat facultatem, ut, si forte in itinere vicarius non fuerit, cum vestes eaedem transferuntur, tarditas nulla generetur: certe, ubi idem vicarius forte morabitur, aut dimittet tuas aut alias ipse renovabit.

The same Augusti to Constantius. Your Sincerity shall have the faculty of issuing evections even through the other provinces, solely for the transference of garments, so that, if perchance on the route the vicarius should not be present, when those same garments are being transferred, no slowness may be generated: certainly, where that same vicarius shall by chance be lingering, he will either dispatch yours or he himself will renew others.

et hoc quidem eo constituitur exemplo, quo aurum argentumque transfertur, in quo utique nullum evectionibus tuis adfertur obstaculum, quominus id, quod transmissum fuerit, ad loca statuta perveniat. (374 iul. 10).

and this indeed is established on the same precedent by which gold and silver are transferred, in
which assuredly no obstacle is posed by your travel-warrants, so that what has been dispatched may reach the appointed places. (July 10, 374).

CTh.8.5.33.1

Eaedem autem vestes militares usque ad ea loca sunt transferendae, ubi ipsi milites sunt constituti, neque enim paulo deverticulo abducendi sunt ab excubiis sibi pro publica utilitate commissis. (374 iul. 10).

But the same military garments are to be transferred all the way to those places where the soldiers themselves are stationed, for they are not to be led away, even by a slight by-road,
from the watches entrusted to them for public utility. (374 July 10).

CTh.8.5.33.2

Tales igitur vestes a provinciis dirigantur, quae, priusquam moventur, inspectione gravitatis tuae displicere non possint. dat. vi id. iul.

Therefore let such garments be dispatched from the provinces as cannot, before they are moved, displease upon the inspection of your gravity. given on July 10.

robore gratiano a. iii et equitio v. c. conss. (374 iul. 10).

by the authority, when gratian, augustus, for the 3rd time, and equitius, a most distinguished man, were consuls (374 july 10).

CTh.8.5.34pr.

Theodosian Code 8.5.34, preface.

Idem aaa. ad hesperium praefectum praetorio. quia in omnibus aliis provinciis veredorum pars quarta reparatur, in proconsulari provincia tantum detur, quantum necessitas postulaverit et quidquid absumptum non fuerit, hoc nec pro debito habeatur nec a provincialibus postuletur.

The same Augusti to Hesperius, Praetorian Prefect. Because in all the other provinces a fourth part of the posting-horses is replenished, in the Proconsular province let only so much be given as necessity shall have demanded; and whatever shall not have been consumed, let this neither be held as a debt nor demanded from the provincials.

non dubitamus autem plus quam quartam ad reparationem necessariam non esse iumentorum. (377 [379?] febr. 27).

we do not doubt, moreover, that more than a fourth of the beasts of burden is not necessary for reparation. (377 [379?] Feb. 27).

CTh.8.5.34.1

Praeterea in singulis mutationibus arbitramur ternis veredis muliones singulos posse sufficere. (377 [379?] febr. 27).

Moreover, at each posting-station we consider that single muleteers can suffice for three post-horses. (377 [379?] Feb. 27).

CTh.8.5.34.2

Nam ut stabula impensis publicis extruantur, contra rationem est, cum provincialium sumptu citius arbitremur et utilius adparanda. (377 [379?] febr. 27).

For that stables be built at public expense is against reason, since we judge that they ought to be prepared more quickly and more usefully at the expense of the provincials. (377 [379?] Feb. 27).

CTh.8.5.34.3

Iam vero mancipum non ab ordine nec a magistratibus accipienda videntur obsequia, sed ab officio proconsulari qui missione donantur, vel ex aliis officiis, quos idoneos adque emeritos esse constiterit. non enim improbabilis haec dispositio est, cum et in suburbicariis regionibus haec consuetudo servetur. dat.

Now indeed the services of slaves seem not to be received from the order nor from the magistrates, but from the proconsular office, from those who are granted their discharge, or from other offices, from those whom it has been established to be suitable and emerited. For this arrangement is not disapproved, since also in the Suburbicarian regions this custom is observed. Given.

iii kal. mart. treviris gratiano a. iiii et merobaude conss.

the 3rd day before the kalends of march, at trier, when gratian augustus for the 4th time and merobaudes were consuls.

(377 [379?] febr. 27).

(377 [379?] Feb. 27).

CTh.8.5.35pr.

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. ad auxonium praefectum praetorio.

The emperors Valens, Gratian, and Valentinian, Augusti, to Ausonius, praetorian prefect.

a nullo umquam oppido aut frequenti civitate, mansione denique adque vico uno die ultra quinque veredorum numerus moveatur, ac si quis eorum, qui praepositi vocantur aut mancipes, publico denique cursui nomine aliquo praesunt, hunc quem praescripsimus modum patiatur excedi, severissime sinceritatis tuae auctoritate compescetur: aut militans exauctorationem subibit aut decurio vel manceps relegatione annua plectetur. ii autem, qui suprascriptum numerum supergredi molientur, cuiuscumque sint honoris aut nominis, quinque argenti libris in unius veredi usurpatione multentur. (378 apr.

Let the number of post-horses (veredi) be moved from no town at all or populous city, and finally from a mansio or a vicus, beyond five in a single day; and if any of those who are called praepositi or mancipes, or who under any title preside over the public cursus, allows this measure which we have prescribed to be exceeded, he shall be most strictly restrained by the authority of Your Sincerity: either, if a soldier, he shall undergo discharge (exauctoration), or, if a decurion or a manceps, he shall be punished with a year’s relegation. But those who attempt to overstep the above-written number, of whatever honor or name they may be, shall be fined five pounds of silver for the usurpation of a single post-horse. (378 Apr.)

20).

CTh.8.5.35.1

Theodosian Code 8.5.35.1

Si tamen necessitas maior coegerit, super sollemnem numerum iubemus admitti quos aut sacras litteras ferre constiterit aut habere in evectionibus adnotatum, ut aliqua de causa instantius ire iubeantur, quod vel spectabilis viri officiorum magistri vel sinceritatis tuae litteris oportebit adscribi, ut exstet evidens causa, quae praescriptum legis excedat. (378 apr. 20).

If, however, a greater necessity shall have compelled, we order, beyond the solemn number, to admit those whom it has been established either to carry sacred letters or to have it annotated in
the evections (travel warrants), so that for some cause they are ordered to go more urgently, which it will be proper to have entered either by the letters of the Spectabilis Master of the Offices or of Your Sincerity,
so that there may stand forth an evident cause which exceeds the prescript of the law. (378 Apr. 20).

CTh.8.5.35.2

In vehiculis etiam hac volumus ratione moderari, ne supra assium numero raeda moveatur. quod facinus sublimis auctoritas tua si contra vetitum cernat admitti, pro motu suo severitate cohibebit. dat.

In vehicles also we wish to moderate by this rule, that a raeda not be moved beyond the number of axles. If your lofty authority should see such a deed admitted contrary to the prohibition, it will restrain it with severity, with its own zeal. Given.

xii kal. mai. treviris valente vi et valentiniano ii aa. conss.

April 20 at Trier, the emperors Valens for the 6th time and Valentinian for the 2nd being consuls.

(378 apr. 20).

(378 April 20).

CTh.8.5.36

Theodosian Code 8.5.36

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad syagrium praefectum praetorio.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, the augusti, to syagrius, praetorian prefect.

mancipibus supra lustrale tempus cura non inmineat mancipatus: nec intra triginta dies .... amplius cuiquam liceat ex mutatione discedere. quod si quis supra praescriptum numerum dierum ab statione, quam receperit, excesserit, capitali animadversione puniatur. idcirco enim quinquennio devoluto eos honorem perfectissimatus manere praecipimus omniumque aliarum necessitatum immunitate fovemus, ut tempus procurationis impositae sollerti fide et integritate succedant.

Let the care of the mancipation not menace the contractors beyond the lustral time; nor within 30 days .... any longer let it be permitted for anyone to withdraw from a transfer. But if anyone shall have gone beyond the prescribed number of days from the station which he has taken up, let him be punished with capital animadversion. Therefore, with a quinquennium elapsed, we order that for them the honor of the perfectissimate remain, and we cherish them with immunity from all other necessities, so that they may succeed through the term of the imposed procuration with skillful fidelity and integrity.

dat. iii kal. mart.

Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of March.

treveris syagrio et eucherio conss. (381 febr. 27).

at Trier, under Syagrius and Eucherius, consuls. (381 February 27).

CTh.8.5.37

Theodosian Code 8.5.37

Idem aaa. ad palladium praefectum augustalem. eum, qui sagum hippocomorum notabili populatione voluerit usurpare vel scindere, cuiuslibet fuerit dignitatis, sine aliqua exceptione iubeas detineri, ut, cum de eius nomine relatio fuerit destinata, quid super eius contumacia statuendum sit, opportunius aestimemus.

The same Augusti to Palladius, the Augustal Prefect. Him who will have wished, by notable depredation, to usurp or to tear the sagum-cloak of the hippocomi (horse‑grooms), whatever his dignity may have been, you shall order to be detained without any exception, so that, when a report has been dispatched concerning his name, we may more opportunely determine what ought to be decreed concerning his contumacy.

dat. prid. id. mai.

Given on the day before the Ides of May (May 14).

constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss. (382 mai. 14).

at constantinople, with antonius and syagrius consuls (382 may 14).

CTh.8.5.38

Theodosian Code 8.5.38

Idem aaa. floro praefecto praetorio. proficiscente vicario triginta asini, veredi decem tantummodo moveantur, quinquaginta librarum auri dispendio eius officio, si haec fuerint contempta, non inmerito subiugando.

The same Augusti, to Florus, praetorian prefect. With the vicarius setting out, let only thirty asses and ten veredi (post-horses) be moved, his office, if these shall have been contemned, being not undeservedly subjected to a penalty of fifty pounds of gold.

illud etiam similiter observetur, ne quis faciendae evectionis sibi vindicet facultatem. dat. viii kal.

Let that likewise be observed, that no one claim for himself the faculty of having an evection made. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

mai. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss. (382 apr.

may. at constantinople, in the consulship of antonius and syagrius (382 april.

24).

CTh.8.5.39

Codex Theodosianus 8.5.39

Idem aaa. floro praefecto praetorio. quisquis seu civili seu militari deposita dignitate aget otium, non prius usquam fiducia evectionum prodeat, quam editis causis nostra maiestate consulta utendi itidem cursus publici acceperit potestatem.

The same emperors to Florus, Praetorian Prefect. Whoever, having laid aside either civil or military dignity, will pass his time at leisure, let him not anywhere come forth relying on travel-warrants (evectiones) before, once the causes have been set forth and our Majesty consulted, he has likewise received the authority to use the public post (cursus publicus).

reliquos vero, etiamsi expresserint tali tenore copiam latius evagandi, a fructu furtivae impetrationis arcemus. dat. xvii kal.

but the rest, even if they have extracted under such a tenor leave to roam more widely, we debar from the benefit of a furtive obtaining. Given on the 17th day before the Kalends.

aug. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss. (382 iul.

aug. at constantinople antonius and syagrius, consuls. (382 jul.

16).

CTh.8.5.40pr.

Idem aaa. floro praefecto praetorio. iudicibus faciendae evectionis copiam denegamus cum id nostro numini et vestris tantum sit potestatibus reservandum.

The same Augusti to Florus, praetorian prefect. We deny to the judges the leave to make an evection, since that must be reserved only to our numen and to your powers.

his enim tantum ambulandi facultatem iudices ex suo arbitrio praebituri sunt, quos in transmissione largitionalium titulorum prosecutores viderint constitutos, scituri, si definitionem nostram excesserint, se quidem xxv auri libris, officium vero quinquaginta esse multandos. (382 iul. 23).

for only to these will the judges, at their own discretion, grant the faculty of travel, those whom, in the transmission of the largitional titles, they shall have seen appointed as prosecutores, knowing that, if they exceed our definition, they themselves are to be fined 25 pounds of gold, whereas the office 50. (July 23, 382).

CTh.8.5.40.1

Sane ut etiam agendi itineris possit esse moderatio, seni veredi, singulae etiam raedae per dies singulos dimittantur. dat. x kal.

Indeed, so that there may be moderation also in prosecuting the itinerary, let six post-horses and likewise single raedae be sent out for each single day. Given on the 10th day before the Kalends.

aug. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss. (382 iul.

aug. at constantinople, in the consulship of antonius and syagrius. (382 jul.

23).

CTh.8.5.41

Theodosian Code 8.5.41

Idem aaa. filagrio comiti orientis. capitalis periculi acerbitate proposita evectionum contractus asinorumque merces et ementis et distrahentis poena prohibemus.

The same emperors to Filagrius, Count of the East. With the acerbity of capital peril set forth, we prohibit the contracts of evections and the hire-fee of asses by a penalty upon both the buyer and
the seller.

proposita beryto, dat. xii kal. oct.

published at berytus, dated 12 days before the Kalends of October (September 20).

antonio et syagrio conss. (382 sept. 20).

antonius and syagrius, consuls. (382 sept. 20).

CTh.8.5.42

Theodosian Code 8.5.42

Idem aaa. constantiano vicario dioeceseos ponticae. reparationis collatione ab officialium persona submota idoneos mancipes constitutos quinquennii tempus implere praecipimus.

the same augusti to constantianus, vicarius of the pontic diocese. with the contribution for repairs removed from the persons of the officials, we order that suitable contractors, once appointed, fulfill the term of five years.

dat. iii kal. ian.

Dated on the 3rd day before the Kalends of January.

constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss. (382 dec. 30).

at constantinople, under the consuls antonius and syagrius (december 30, 382).

CTh.8.5.43

Theodosian Code 8.5.43

Idem aaa. ad neoterium praefectum praetorio. quibus ius ante non fuit evectionum abstinentia, quibus fuit faciendarum moderatione rei publicae prospiciant.

The same Augusti to Neoterius, Praetorian Prefect. Those who previously had no right to evections must abstain; those who did shall look to the Republic by moderation in having them made.

illustres enim viri militiae equestris ac pedestris magistri, qui hac usurpatione caruerunt, multo in posterum patientius abstinebunt, cum et amantes rei publicae sint et circa communes utilitates nostris sibi animadvertant moribus esse vivendum. dat. kal.

for the illustrious men, the Masters of the Cavalry and of the Infantry, who have done without this usurpation, will hereafter abstain much more patiently, since they are lovers of the republic and observe that, with respect to common utilities, one must live according to our mores. Given on the Kalends.

feb. richomere et clearcho conss. (384 febr.

feb., richomer and clearchus, consuls (384 febr.

[?] 1).

CTh.8.5.44

Theodosian Code 8.5.44

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. nullus evectione utatur privatus, tametsi valuerit impetrare, exceptis his, quos sublimissimae administrationis illustravit indeptio et quos magistri equitum ac peditum pompa sublimat, qui tamen omnes in actu ipso positi rei publicae providerunt, non hi, quos honorarii tantum nominis suffragia prosequuntur, sub hac videlicet definitione, ut, cum semel ad propria vel optata pervenerint, utendae eiusdem evectionis non habeant facultatem nisi consulta iterum clementia nostra geminae isdem beneficium detulerit largitatis, etiamsi administratione deposita ad larem proprium revertuntur.

The same Emperors to Cynegius, Praetorian Prefect. Let no private person use an evectio, even if he has managed to obtain it, except for those whom the obtaining of a most sublime administration has distinguished and those whom the pomp of the Masters of Horse and of Foot exalts, provided, however, that all these, placed in the very act, have provided for the commonwealth, not those whom the suffrages of an honorary title alone attend, under this, namely, definition: that, when once they have come to their own places or desired goals, they shall not have the faculty of using that same evectio unless, our clemency having again been consulted, a benefit of twin largess has been conferred upon the same persons, even if, their administration laid down, they return to their own hearth.

dat. vi non. mart.

given on the 6th before the nones of march.

constantinopoli richomere et clearcho conss. (384 mart. 2).

at constantinople richomer and clearchus, consuls (384 march 2).

CTh.8.5.45

Codex Theodosianus 8.5.45

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. nullus numerum amplius quam singulas vel binas angarias secundum prius nostrae praeceptum serenitatis usurpet.

The same Augusti to Cynegius, Praetorian Prefect. Let no one usurp a number beyond single or double angariae, in accordance with the earlier precept of Our Serenity.

dat. iiii id. april. constantinopoli richomere et clearcho conss.

Given on April 10 at Constantinople, when Richomer and Clearchus were consuls.

(384 apr. 10).

(April 10, 384).

CTh.8.5.46

Theodosian Code 8.5.46

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to cynegius, praetorian prefect

diversorum officiorum veterani mancipatum debitum cursui publico repraesentent, etiamsi post contra vim legis aliquam indepti sint dignitatem aut per suffragium ad curiarum honorarium patronatum aut ad societatem consortiumque laurentum aut ad decuriae herculeae suffragium adspirasse doceantur. in his vero, qui non terrena, sed caelestia privilegia quaesiverunt, hoc custodiendum esse sancimus, ut, si quemquam ex huiusmodi genere hominum iam tenet religio sacrosancta eiusque operam non potest accipere mancipatus, facultates memorati cursus publicus consequatur. dat.

Let the veterans of the various offices re-present the mancipated debt to the public post, even if afterward they have obtained some dignity against the force of the law, or by suffrage have attained to the honorary patronate of the curiae, or to the society and consortium of the Laurentes, or are shown to have aspired by suffrage to the Herculean decury. But in the case of those who have sought not terrestrial but celestial privileges, we sanction that this must be kept: that, if the sacrosanct religion now holds anyone of this kind of men and the mancipated (obligee) cannot receive his service, the aforesaid public post shall obtain his faculties (assets). Given.

v id. april. mediolano arcadio a. i et bautone v. c. conss. (385 apr.

on the 5th day before the Ides of April, at Milan, when Arcadius the junior Augustus and Bauto, a most distinguished man, were consuls. (385 apr.

9).

CTh.8.5.47pr.

Theodosian Code 8.5.47, preface.

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. raedae mille librarum onus imponi debet, carro sescentarum nec amplius addito eo, ut aurum ceteraeque species largitionales non ad libidinem prosecutorum vel susceptorum, sed aptis oneri ac ponderi vehiculis deferantur.

the same augusti to cynegius, praetorian prefect. a raeda is to have a load of 1,000 pounds imposed, a cart of 600 and no more, with this added, that gold and the other largitional species be conveyed not at the whim of the escorts or receivers, but by vehicles suitable to the burden and the weight.

quibus utique non licebit sub capitalis exitii minis quicquam oneris privati secus quam lex nostra praescribit imponere neque alios mercede subvehendos velut proposita licitatione conducere, exceptis his quos necessitas prosecutionis adiunxerit. (385 iun. 17).

to whom
by no means will it be permitted, under threats of capital doom, to impose any private burden otherwise than our law prescribes, nor to contract, as if by a posted licitation, others to be conveyed for hire,
except those whom the necessity of the prosecution (escort) shall have attached. (385 June 17).

CTh.8.5.47.1

Et quoniam veredorum quoque cura pari ratione tractanda est, sexaginta libras sella cum frenis, triginta quinque vero averta non transeat, ea condicione, ut, si quis praescripta moderaminis imperatorii libramenta transscenderit, eius sella in frusta caedatur, averta vero fisci viribus deputetur. dat. xv kal.

And since the care of the post-horses too must be handled by a like rule, the saddle with bridle shall not exceed sixty pounds, and the pack-saddle indeed shall not pass thirty-five, on this condition: that, if anyone shall have overstepped the weights prescribed by imperial moderation, his saddle shall be cut into pieces, but the pack-saddle shall be assigned to the resources of the fisc. dat. 15 kal.

iul. constantinopoli arcadio a. i et bautone conss. (385 iun.

july. at constantinople arcadius augustus for the 1st time and bauto consuls. (385 june

17).

CTh.8.5.48pr.

Idem aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. si aurum sacrarum largitionum vel argentum ad comitatum nostrum destinatur, una raeda quingentis auri libris, mille vero argenti, si vero privatarum, auri trecentis, quingentis vero argenti libris oneretur.

the same augusti to cynegius, praetorian prefect. if gold or silver of the Sacred Largesses is destined for our court, let one carriage be loaded
with 500 pounds of gold, but 1,000 of silver; if, however, it is of the Private (Estates), let it be loaded with 300 of gold, and indeed 500 pounds of silver.

sint praeterea duo palatini prosecutores singularum raedarum cum tribus servis, habentes quinquagenarum librarum avertas et saga, quibus par erit eos pro itineris necessitate muniri, ita ut, si quid ultra praescriptum nostrae serenitatis inventum fuerit, ad comitatum nostrum protinus dirigatur. (386 mart. 4).

let there furthermore be two
palatine escorts for each of the wagons with three servants, having money-bags of 50 pounds and cloaks, with which it will be fitting that they be
equipped according to the necessity of the journey, so that, if anything beyond what has been prescribed by our Serenity shall be found, it shall be sent immediately to our court. (386 March 4).

CTh.8.5.48.1

Lineae vel amictoria, quibus hactenus onerari raedae solebant, nec ulterius raedis, sed angariis vel navibus dirigantur et si alicubi repertae fuerint huiusmodi species, thensauris eius urbis, in qua deprehensae fuerint, deputentur, per angarias, ubi facultas fuerit, destinandae; reliquae vero delicatae vestes, sed et linteamen amictorum nostrorum usibus necessarium raedis sub mille librarum ponderatione mittantur. dat. iiii non.

Linens or wraps, with which up to now the carriages were accustomed to be burdened, are no longer to be consigned to carriages, but to couriers (angariae) or to ships; and if anywhere such kinds are found, let them be assigned to the treasuries of that city in which they shall have been apprehended, to be dispatched by couriers where there is capacity;
but the remaining delicate garments, and also the linen necessary for the use of our wraps, are to be sent by carriages under a weight of 1,000 pounds. Given on the 4th before the Nones.

mart. constantinopoli honorio n. p. et evodio v. c. conss. (386 mart.

march. at constantinople in the consulship of honorius, most noble boy, and evodius, most distinguished man, consuls. (386 march.

4).

CTh.8.5.49

Theodosian Code 8.5.49

Idem aaa. caesario magistro officiorum. ii qui provinciis praesunt inspectis evectionibus ex quacumque parte venientium ad vehiculorum vicem comites quattuor veredos cum parhippo, tribunos militum ternos movere permittant, ceteros domesticos protectores et agentes in rebus binis uti tantummodo patiantur.

The same Augusti, to Caesarius, Master of the Offices. Those who preside over the provinces, after the evections (travel warrants) of those coming from whatever quarter have been inspected, in place of vehicles let them permit counts four post-horses with a spare-horse, military tribunes three, to set in motion; let them allow the rest—the domestics, protectores, and agentes in rebus—to use only pairs.

dat. iii non. sept.

dated on the 3rd day before the Nones of September.

valentiae timasio et promoto conss. (389

at valentia, when timasius and promotus were consuls. (389

[386] sept. 3).

CTh.8.5.50

Theodosian Code 8.5.50

Idem aaa. praefectis praetorio. non patimur hippocomos per eos, qui veredis uterentur, indigna spoliatione vaxari, si quidem nonnulli veredarii saga eorundem dicantur auferre.

the same emperors to the praetorian prefects. we do not allow horse-grooms to be vexed by unworthy spoliation by those who would use the post-horses, since indeed some couriers are said to take away their cloaks.

quocirca per omnes iudices et curiosos miserabilis removeatur iniuria, scientibus cunctis, quod, si observata non fuerit nostra sanctio, non solum damna resarcire, verum etiam notam et multam qui neglexerit subire cogetur, ut his retentis, qui fuerint detecti hippocomis saga abstulisse, super eorum nominibus ad nostram clementiam referatur. proposita xv kal. iul.

Wherefore, through all judges and inspectors, let the pitiable injury be removed, all being aware that, if our sanction shall not have been observed, he who has neglected it will be compelled not only to make good the damages, but also to undergo a mark of censure and a fine; and, with those retained who shall have been detected to have taken the cloaks from the grooms, let report be made to our clemency concerning their names. posted on the 15 Kalends of July.

treviris valentiniano a. iiii et neoterio conss. (390 iun. 17).

At Trier, when Valentinian Augustus for the 4th time and Neoterius were consuls. (390 June 17).

CTh.8.5.51

Theodosian Code 8.5.51

Idem aaa. potamio praefecto augustali. publici cursus exhibitio antiqua ex consuetudine inducta curialibus viritim per curias debet pensata locorum hominum facultatum qualitate distribui.

the same emperors to potamius, the augustal prefect. the provisioning of the public cursus, anciently introduced by custom, ought to be distributed to the curials man-by-man through the curiae, weighed according to the quality of the places and the faculties of the persons.

dat. iii kal. aug.

dated on the 3rd day before the Kalends of August

constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss. (392 iul. 30).

At Constantinople, in the consulship of Arcadius Augustus for the 2nd time and Rufinus. (392 July 30).

CTh.8.5.52

Theodosian Code 8.5.52

Idem aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio. faciendarum evectionum licentiam in excidium publici cursus a comitibus aegyptiaci limitis usurpatam sublimis magnitudo tua auctoritate huius legis inhibebit.

The same Augusti to Rufinus, Praetorian Prefect. The license of making evections, to the destruction of the public cursus, which has been usurped by the counts of the Egyptian frontier, your Sublime Greatness shall restrain by the authority of this law.

dat. vii kal. aug.

Dated the 7th day before the Kalends of August (July 26).

constantinopoli d. n. theodosio a. iii et abundantio v. c. conss. (393 iul. 26).

at constantinople, under our lord theodosius augustus, for the 3rd time, and abundantius, most distinguished man, consuls. (393 july 26).

CTh.8.5.53

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. dextro praefecto praetorio. quia comperimus quosdam animalia publica subtraxisse, ea per inquisitionem mulionum et mancipum volumus redhiberi, adque ideo per muliones et mancipes, nisi animalia perducta fuerint, diligenti inquisitioni et plenae cognitioni locus non negetur, et cum manifesta ratione deprehenderit illicita usurpatione cursum publicum fuisse vexatum, in quadruplum superductorum animalium pretium inferri censemus.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Dexter, Praetorian Prefect. Since we have learned that certain persons have subtracted public animals, we will that they be returned through an inquisition of the muleteers and the contractors; and therefore, through the muleteers and the contractors, unless the animals shall have been delivered, opportunity for a diligent inquisition and full cognizance is not to be denied; and when by manifest reasoning it shall have been discovered that the public cursus (post) has been vexed by illicit usurpation, we decree that fourfold the price of the animals that have been over-driven be paid.

et ne idem etiam in futurum admittatur, praecipimus, ut, si qui vel per unam mutationem veredum mulamve aut bovem superducendum esse crediderit, memoratam fisci viribus multam inferat. dat. xv kal.

And lest the same be admitted even in the future, we prescribe that, if anyone shall have believed that even for a single relay a post-horse (veredus) or a mule or an ox ought to be over-driven, he shall pay the aforementioned fine to the fisc’s resources.
Given on the 15th day before the Kalends.

april. mediolano olybrio et probino conss. (395 mart.

april. at milan, olybrius and probinus, consuls. (395 march.

18).

CTh.8.5.54

Theodosian Code 8.5.54

Idem aa. dextro praefecto praetorio. meminimus evectiones illustribus viris honori potius quam usui detulisse. ne igitur cursus publicus pereat, hac lege sancimus, ne quis sibi deinceps cursum publicum privatus usurpet, nisi cum aut a nobis evocatur aut a clementiae nostrae veneratione discedit.

The same Augusti, to the Right Praetorian Prefect. We remember that we have conferred evections upon illustrious men more for honor than for use. Therefore, lest the cursus publicus perish, by this law we sanction that henceforth no private person usurp the cursus publicus for himself, unless either he is summoned by us or departs from the veneration of our clemency.

si quis ergo posthac contra vetitum sibi cursum publicum illicita temeritate praesumpserit, motum in se nostrae mansuetudinis excitabit. et cetera. dat.

Therefore, if anyone hereafter, contrary to the prohibition, shall have presumed for himself the public post (cursus publicus) with illicit temerity, he will rouse our clemency to action against himself. And the rest. Given.

vi kal. mai. mediolano olybrio et probino conss.

april 26, at milan, olybrius and probinus, consuls.

(395 apr. 26).

(395 April 26).

CTh.8.5.55

Idem aa. florentino praefecto urbi. duorum veredorum evectiones te praesumpsisse propria relatione signasti. cuius facti veniam indulgemus, sed nihil tale posthac nec usurpari volumus nec licere.

The same Augusti to Florentinus, Prefect of the City. You have indicated by your own relation that you presumed the post-warrants for two post-horses. For this deed we grant pardon,
but we wish that nothing of this kind hereafter be either usurped or allowed.

dat. xii kal. mart.

given on february 18.

mediolano arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 febr. 18).

At Milan, in the consulship of Arcadius 4 and Honorius 3, the Augusti, consuls. (396 Feb. 18).

CTh.8.5.56

Theodosian Code 8.5.56

Idem aa. simplicio magistro militum. sufficiunt iudicum potestatibus evectiones, quas a nostra serenitate vel sede illustrium praefectorum necessitatibus publicis accipiunt servituras. insignis igitur auctoritas tua statutis nostrae clementiae sibi faciendarum evectionum usurpatam licentiam negatam fuisse cognoscat.

The same Emperors to Simplicius, Master of Soldiers. The evections are sufficient for the powers of judges, which they receive from Our Serenity or from the seat of the Illustrious Prefects, to serve public necessities. Therefore let your distinguished authority know that, by the statutes of Our Clemency, the usurped license of making evections for themselves has been denied.

tunc namque metu praeceptum custodire oportet iudices inferiores, cum cognoverint a potioribus custodiri. si vero posthac eadem culpa permanserit, in officium auctoritatis tuae gravi supplicio vindicabitur. dat.

for then indeed, out of fear, the inferior judges ought to keep the precept, when they have learned that it is kept by their superiors. but if hereafter the same fault shall persist, the office (staff) of your authority will be punished with a severe penalty. given.

xv kal. ian. constantinopoli arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss.

on the 15th before the Kalends of January, at Constantinople, when Arcadius for the 4th and Honorius for the 3rd, Augusti, were consuls.

(396 dec. 18).

(396 December 18).

CTh.8.5.57

Theodosian Code 8.5.57

Idem aa. remistheo duci armeniae. repetita lege sancimus, ne experientiae tuae post hoc prorsus sit licentia aut evectiones facere aut sine evectionibus nostris facultatem cursus publici vindicare. cuius rei temeritatem si posthac laudabilitas tua crediderit esse repetendam, scias a te x libras auri, x etiam ab officio, quod tuis iussionibus obsecundat, protinus exigendas, his tantummodo utendi cursus publici facultate concessa, qui legati de diversis gentibus ad nostram clementiam properare festinant.

The same Augusti to Remistheus, duke of Armenia. Renewing the law, we sanction that after this your Experience shall by no means have license either to make evections or, without our evections, to claim the faculty of the public cursus.
If hereafter your Laudability shall think the rashness of this matter ought to be repeated, know that 10 pounds of gold are to be exacted forthwith from you, and 10 also from the officium which complies with your orders, the faculty of using the public cursus being granted only to those legates from diverse peoples who hasten to make for our Clemency.

dat. vi kal. mart.

dated on the 6th day before the kalends of march.

constantinopoli caesario et attico conss. (397 febr. 24).

at constantinople, with caesarius and
atticus as consuls. (397 feb. 24).

CTh.8.5.58

Theodosian Code 8.5.58

Idem aa. vincentio praefecto praetorio. si quis mulionem mutationibus deputatum vel sollicitatione vel receptione subtraxerit, per singula capita humana x libras argenti inferre cogatur. et ne sollicitatoribus et occultatoribus sit ullum in aliqua excusatione perfugium, nec mutari quemquam per compensationis simulationem vel absolvi sub aetatis aut debilitatis alicuius obtentu licebit.

the same emperors to vincentius, praetorian prefect. if anyone shall have withdrawn a muleteer assigned to the posting-stations by solicitation or by reception, he shall be compelled to pay, for each human head, 10 pounds of silver. and, lest there be any refuge for solicitors and concealers in any excuse, it shall not be permitted that anyone be changed by a simulation of compensation or be absolved under the pretext of age or of some debility.

ideoque iudex, qui sibi hoc vindicaverit ut servum publicum liberet, unam libram auri per homines singulos, officium quoque eius, si legem supprimendo consenserit, simili poena multetur. haec in futurum mansuetudo nostra constituit. in praeteritum autem hoc statuisse sufficiat, ut, si muliones publici repperti fuerint licet senes aut debiles, cum uxoribus suis et omni peculio adque agnatione retrahantur.

and therefore the judge who shall have arrogated to himself to free a public slave shall be compelled to pay one pound of gold per head; and his office as well, if it has consented by suppressing the law, shall be mulcted with a like penalty. Our clemency has established these things for the future. For the past, however, let it suffice to have decreed this: that, if public muleteers shall have been found, even though old or weak, they are to be brought back with their wives and all their peculium and agnation.

et cetera. dat. xii kal.

and so forth. Given on the 12th day before the Kalends.

mart. mediolano honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss. (398 febr.

march. at milan, with honorius augustus for the 4th time and eutychianus as consuls. (398 febr.

18).

CTh.8.5.59 [=brev.8.2.1]

Impp. arcad. et honor.

emperors Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. messalae pf. p. si quispiam paraveredum aut parangariam non ostensa evectione, quae tamen pro publica facta sit necessitate, praesumpserit*, periculo curatoris sive defensoris et principalium civitatum ad ordinarium iudicem dirigatur, singulas libras auri per singulos paraveredos vel parangarias fisci viribus illaturus. qua in parte si rector provinciae atque officium eius colludium praebere voluerit, duplum ex suis bonis noverit exigendum. dat.

the augusti to messala, praetorian prefect. if anyone should presume* to take a paraveredus or a parangaria without the evectio shown, which nevertheless has been issued for public necessity, let him be sent to the ordinary judge, with the curator or defender and the principales of the cities at peril, he being about to pay into the resources of the fisc one pound of gold for each paraveredus or parangaria. in this matter, if the governor of the province and his officium should wish to offer collusion, let him know that double will be exacted from his own goods. given.

xv. kal. dec. stilicone et aureliano coss.

november 17, in the consulship of stilicho and aurelian, consuls.

haec lex interpretatione non indiget

this law does not need interpretation

CTh.8.5.60

Theodosian Code 8.5.60

Idem aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. animalia publica, dum longe maiore ac periniquo pretio pabula aestimantur, per mancipes adque apparitores aperte vexantur. ne id contingat, sublimitas tua disponat, ut neque pabula mutationibus desint neque provinciales ultra, quam iustitiae sinit ratio, praegraventur.

The same emperors to Messala, Praetorian Prefect. The public animals, while fodder is assessed at a far greater and very iniquitous price, are openly harassed by contractors and
apparitors. Lest this happen, let Your Sublimity arrange that neither fodder be lacking to the posting-stations nor the provincials be overburdened beyond what the reason of
justice permits.

dat. v k. dec. mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss.

Dated on the 5th day before the Kalends of December, at Milan, in the consulship of Stilicho and Aurelianus.

(400 nov. 27).

(400 Nov. 27).

CTh.8.5.61

Idem aa. vincentio praefecto praetorio. macrobium illicita praesumptione evectiones fecisse constitit, cum necessitas publica non flagitaret, quique multam temeritatis excepit. ne autem idem in futurum contingat, sublimitas tua vicarios admonebit atque eorum officia interminatione proposita, ut ab huiusmodi usurpatione noverint abstinendum.

the same augusti to vincentius, praetorian prefect. it has been established that macrobius, by unlawful presumption, issued carriage permits (evectiones) when public necessity did not demand it, and he incurred a fine for rashness. but lest the same occur in the future, your sublimity will admonish the vicars and their offices with a threat set forth, that they may know to abstain from usurpation of this kind.

dat. v id. dec. mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss.

Dated at Milan on 9 December, in the consulship of Stilicho and Aurelian.

(400 dec. 9).

CTh.8.5.62

Theodosian Code 8.5.62

Idem aa. caesario praefecto praetorio. usurpationem cursus publici penitus iussimus amputari, scilicet ut excepta magnitudine tua praesumendi velocis et clavularii cursus nullus habeat potestatem. quod si quid iudicum vel contemptus vel ignorantiae vitio scita nostri numinis temeranda censuerit, unium.....Quoque officium, quod ei paret, sciat se xxx libris auri esse multandum.

The same emperors, to Caesarius, Praetorian Prefect. We have ordered the usurpation of the public post to be utterly cut off, namely that, Your Magnitude excepted, no one have the power to presume upon the swift and key‑bearing course. But if any of the judges, by the fault of either contempt or ignorance, shall have deemed the enactments of our divinity to be rashly violated, unium.....Quoque the office, which obeys him, let it know that it is to be fined 30 pounds of gold.

dat. iii non. feb.

given on february 3.

constantinopoli vincentio et fravito conss. (401 [immo 396/7] febr. 3).

at Constantinople, Vincentius and Fravitus consuls. (401 [rather 396/7] Feb. 3).

CTh.8.5.63

Idem aa. provincialibus provinciae proconsularis. quoniam multos perspeximus illicita praesumptione paraveredos vel parangarias postulare, hac lege sancimus, ut nulli deinceps usurpandi licentia concedatur nisi in causa publica vel manifestis evectionibus destinato. si quis contra fecerit, una libra auri multetur.

The same Augusti to the provincials of the proconsular province. Since we have observed that many, by unlawful presumption, demand paravereds or parangaries,
we sanction by this law that to no one henceforth shall license to usurp them be granted, unless for a public cause or assigned to manifest evections. If
anyone shall act contrary, let him be mulcted one pound of gold.

et cetera. dat. prid.

and the rest. given. the day before.

kal. april. mediolano vincentio et fravito conss.

on the kalends of april, at milan, vincentius and fravitus, consuls.

(401 mart. 31).

(401 Mar. 31).

CTh.8.5.64pr.

CTh.8.5.64 preface.

Imppp. arcadius, honorius et theodosius aaa. septimino proconsuli africae.

the emperors arcadius, honorius and theodosius, augusti, to septiminus, proconsul of africa.

comperimus provinciales et pabula et pecuniam pro equorum cursualium sollemni ratione conferre et extrinsecus paraveredorum onere praegravari. (403 mart. 26).

We have learned that the provincials contribute both fodder and money for the cursal horses according to the customary reckoning, and from outside are overburdened by the burden of the paraveredi. (403 Mar. 26).

CTh.8.5.64.1

Theodosian Code 8.5.64.1

Provinciarum igitur rectores procurent, ne umquam cursus publicus veniat in querellam et occasio deceptionis curiales animalia indebita praestare compellat. dat. vii kal.

Therefore let the governors of the provinces take care that the public post never comes into complaint, and that an occasion of deception does not compel the curials to furnish animals not due. Given on the 7th day before the Kalends.

april. ravenna d. n. theodosio a. i et rumorido conss. (403 mart.

April. Ravenna. under our lord Theodosius Augustus, in his first consulship, and Rumoridus, consuls. (403 March.

26).

CTh.8.5.65

Theodosian Code 8.5.65

Idem aaa. hadriano praefecto praetorio. per stationes singulas idoneos mancipes volumus collocari, amotis, ne deinceps usurpantium praesumptionibus atteratur.... dat.

The same three Augusti to Hadrianus, praetorian prefect. We wish suitable contractors to be stationed at each station, the usurpers being removed, lest henceforth it be impaired by the presumptions of those who usurp.... Given.

iiii kal. mart. romae honorio a. vi et aristaeneto conss.

February 26, at Rome, in the consulship of Honorius Augustus, for the 6th time, and Aristaenetus, consuls.

(404 febr. 27).

(February 27, 404).

CTh.8.5.66pr.

Codex Theodosianus 8.5.66, preface.

Idem aaa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. nemo ducum ingressus semel provinciam suam postmodum itineribus faciendis cursu adque angariis ipse sive suum utatur officium, sed expeditionem militarem iumentis propriis exsequantur.

The same Augusti to Anthemius, praetorian prefect. Let no duke, once he has entered his own province, thereafter, for journeys to be made, make use of the cursus and angaries, either himself or his own office,
but let them prosecute the military expedition with their own beasts of burden.

(407 aug. 2).

CTh.8.5.66.1

Theodosian Code 8.5.66.1

De cohortalinis etiam officiis eadem lege sancimus, ne quis ex his per provinciam suam discurrens veredo uti conetur in posterum, cum sacra prohibitum sanctione cognoscant. (407 aug. 2).

We also sanction by the same law concerning the cohortaline officials, that none of these, while running about through his province, shall hereafter attempt to use a post-horse, since
they know it is forbidden by sacred sanction. (407 aug. 2).

CTh.8.5.66.2

Quod si quis ducum vel apparitorum vel cohortalium temerario animo ea quae decernimus contemnenda putaverit, per singula animalia quibus usus fuerit singularum librarum auri illatione multabitur. dat. iiii non.

But if anyone of the dukes or of the apparitors or of the cohortals, with a temerarious mind, shall have thought that the things which we decree are to be contemned, for each animal
which he shall have used he will be fined by the imposition of 1 pound of gold. Given on the 4th day before the Nones.

aug. constantinopoli dd. nn. honorio vii et theodosio ii aa. conss. (407 aug.

aug. at constantinople, our lords honorius for the 7th time and theodosius for the 2nd, augusti.
consuls. (407 aug.

2).

CTh.8.6.0. De tractoriis et stativis

CTh.8.6.0. On travel-warrants (tractoriae) and stationary billets (stativa)

CTh.8.6.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad rufinum praefectum praetorio. nemini ex his, qui ex castrensibus muniis absoluti ad domum redeunt post labores, tractoria praebeatur a sacro separata iudicio, sed unusquisque in epistulis nostris, quibus ad aevi reliqui testimonium singulos sequimur, viaticum conficiendi itineris consequatur.

impp. valentinian and valens aa. to rufinus, praetorian prefect. let no one of those who, released from camp duties, return home after labors be furnished a tractoria by a separate decision of the sacred court; but let each one obtain in our letters—by which we accompany individuals as a testimony for the remainder of their lifetime—the viaticum (travel allowance) for completing the journey.

hanc igitur sanctionem sinceritas tua congrua auctoritate custodiat ac, si quando aliquis ex hoc genere hominum annonas poposcerit, imperialibus litteris sua subscriptione subiecta modum debitae praebitionis impertiat. sed ne quis, ut hactenus factum est, quas superfluas impetraverit, largiatur aut vendat, ne quis ad quaestum de hac erogatione capiendum ulterius nomen opponat. emissa sub die viii kal.

Therefore let your Sincerity guard this sanction with suitable authority, and, whenever anyone from this class of men shall have demanded annonae, let him, by imperial letters with his own subscription appended, impart the measure of the due provision. But let no one, as has been done up to now, bestow as largess or sell what he has obtained in excess; let no one henceforth put forward a name for profit to be taken from this disbursement. Issued on the day 8 Kalends.

feb. roma valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 ian.

Feb. Rome, with Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, as consuls. (365 Jan.

[?] 25).

CTh.8.6.2

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio.

the emperors theodosius, arcadius and honorius, augusti, to rufinus, praetorian prefect.

tractoriae cum stativis solitis bidui tantummodo tempus accipiant. nulli vero penitus cum necessariis praebeantur nisi his tantummodo, qui animalia atque equos sacro usui necessarios prosequuntur, ita tamen, ut his dimissis in tractoriarum corpore praefinitus quinque dierum numerus adscribatur, ut nullus ultra hoc temporis spatium ad residendum in quo libitum fuerit loco copiam nanciscatur. dat.

let the tractoriae, together with the usual billets, receive only a period of two days. By no means, however, shall they be furnished along with necessaries to anyone at all, except only to those who escort the beasts and horses necessary for sacred use; yet in such a way that, when these have been dismissed, within the body of the tractoriae a pre‑defined number of five days shall be ascribed, so that no one may obtain leave beyond this span of time to reside in whatever place he has pleased. Given.

vii kal. sept. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino consulibus.

august 26, at constantinople, arcadius augustus for the 2nd time and rufinus
consuls.

(392 aug. 26).

(392 August 26).

CTh.8.7.0. De diversis officiis et apparitoribus et probatoriis eorum

CTh.8.7.0. On the various offices and apparitors and their probatory documents

CTh.8.7.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad versennium fortunatum consularem aquarum. promotionis ordo custodiendus est, ut primus in officio sit, qui prior fuerit in consequendo beneficio principali.

emperor constantine augustus to versennius fortunatus, consular of the waters. the order of promotion must be kept, so that he be first in the office who shall have been earlier in acquiring the principal benefice.

dat. viii id. mart. thessalonica constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss.

Dated the 8th day before the Ides of March (March 8), at Thessalonica, in the consulship of Constantine Augustus for the 4th time and Licinius for the 4th time.

(315 mart. 8).

(315 March 8).

CTh.8.7.2

Idem a. ad philippum praefectum praetorio. officiales, quos ex diversis officiis ex protectoribus epistulas impetrasse constiterit, pristinae reddi iubemus militiae. dat.

The same Augustus to philippus, praetorian prefect. The officials whom it shall have been established to have obtained epistles from the protectores from various offices, we order to be returned to their former military service.
Given.

iii non. nov. arelato constantino a. vii et constantio caes.

on the 3rd day before the nones of november at arles, in the consulship of constantine augustus for the 7th time and constantius caesar.

consulibus. (326 [346?] nov. 3).

in the consulship. (326 [346?] nov. 3).

CTh.8.7.3

Imp. constantius a. ad silvanum comitem et magistrum militum. post alia: universi officiales diversorum officiorum, qui ex protectoribus epistulas meruerunt, officiis pristinis militiaeque reddantur nec opponant quaesitae sibi vocabulum dignitatis.

Emperor constantius Augustus to Silvanus, count and master of soldiers. After other things: all officials of the various offices, who have merited letters from the Protectors, are to be returned to their former offices and to military service, nor are they to oppose the appellation of a dignity that they have procured for themselves.

dat. vi kal. iun.

dated on the 6th day before the Kalends of June

sirmi limenio et catullino conss. (349 mai. 27).

Sirmium
in the consulship of Limenius and Catullinus. (349 May 27).

CTh.8.7.4

Theodosian Code 8.7.4

Idem a. ad viros clarissimos praefectos praetorio. post alia: de cohortalibus adque magistrorum equitum et peditum officialibus iubemus, ut minime de cetero ad adorandam purpuram nostram veniant, nisi si sub armis militiam toleraverint et omnibus expeditionibus adfuerint. dat.

The same Augustus to the most illustrious men, the Praetorian Prefects. after other things: concerning the cohortales and the officials of the Masters of Horse and Foot we order, that by no means hereafter they are to come to adore our purple, unless they have endured military service under arms and have been present at all expeditions. given.

prid. id. mai. constantio a. vii et constante ii caesare consulibus.

the day before the Ides of May, when Constantius Augustus for the 7th time and Constans Caesar for the 2nd time were consuls.

(354

[353] mai. 14).

[353] May. 14).

CTh.8.7.5

Idem a. ad praefectos praetorio. post alia: de chartulariis magistrorum equitum et peditum si quis post xxv annos obnoxius curiae fuerit reppertus, habeat privilegium militiae. omnes autem, qui probati fuerint quacumque ratione vel quocumque tempore, perseverent in militia, ii dumtaxat qui ministeriales et paedagogiani et silentiarii et decuriones exsistunt, ita ut post quindecim annos minime ab aliquo inquietentur.

The same Augustus to the Praetorian Prefects. After other matters: concerning the chartularii of the masters of cavalry and of infantry, if anyone, after 25 years, shall have been found liable to the curia, let him have the privilege of the militia. Moreover, all who shall have been approved on whatever grounds or at whatever time, let them persevere in the militia, those only who are ministerials and paedagogiani and silentiaries and decurions, such that after fifteen years they are by no means troubled by anyone.

et cetera. dav. xv kal.

and the rest. dated 15 before the Kalends.

iun. constantio a. vii et constante caes. ii conss.

june: in the consulship of constantius augustus for the 7th time and constans caesar for the 2nd time.

(354

[353] mai. 18).

[353] May 18).

CTh.8.7.6

Theodosian Code 8.7.6

Idem a. ad praefectos praetorio. post alia: de largitionalibus comitatensibus et officialibus rationalis rerum privatarum custodiri praecipimus, ut post viginti et quinque annos ad curiam minime revocentur. hoc idem de officialibus praefectorum vicariorum observari sanximus.

The same Augustus to the praetorian prefects. after other things: concerning the largitional comitatenses and the officials of the rationalis of the private properties, we order that they be safeguarded,
so that after twenty-five years they are by no means recalled to the curia. We have sanctioned that this same be observed regarding the officials of the vicars of the prefects.
We have decreed it.

de primipilaribus vero, quia cursum exhibent, anni decem observandi sunt. officiales enim praefecti urbi propterea, quod non exhibent primipili pastionem, post viginti quinque annos minime persequantur. quod sane ad logografos pertinet, prius promulgatam legem firmam esse volumus.

But concerning the primipilares, because they exhibit the cursus, 10 years are to be observed. For the officials of the Prefect of the City, for this reason that they do not furnish the primipilus’s maintenance, let them by no means be pursued after 25 years. As for what pertains to the logographers, we wish the law previously promulgated to be firm.

dat. prid. non.

dated the day before the Nones.

oct. constantio a. vii et constante c. ii conss. (354

oct. in the consulship of Constantius Augustus for the 7th time and Constans Caesar for the 2nd time, consuls. (354

[353] oct. 6).

[353] Oct. 6).

CTh.8.7.7

Codex Theodosianus 8.7.7

Impp. constantius et constans aa. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. instaurata necessaria sanctione id volumus de cetero custodiri, ne ullus quemquam iudicum probare audeat vel provehere.

The Emperors constantius and constans, Augusti, to taurus, praetorian prefect. with the necessary sanction restored, we wish this to be observed hereafter, that none of the judges dare to approve anyone or to promote (advance) anyone.

excipimus tamen officia cursus publici sollicitudinem sustinentia, nec enim tanto muneri adminiculum denegari publica permittit utilitas. quae cum ita sint, ceteris officiis universis eique, quod paret laudabili prudentiae tuae, nullus nisi nostro existente statuto debebit adscribi. dat.

We except, however, the offices sustaining the solicitude of the cursus publicus, for public utility does not permit that a support be denied to so great a
duty. Since these things are so, to all other offices universally and to that which is subject to your praiseworthy prudence
no one ought to be ascribed unless upon a statute of ours being in force. Given.

vi kal. iun. mediolano, acc.

may 27, at mediolanum, received.

viii id. iul. datiano et cereale conss. (358

July 8, in the consulship of Datianus and Cerealis, consuls. (358

[357] mai. 27).

[357] May 27).

CTh.8.7.8

Theodosian Code 8.7.8

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. praefecturae cornicularios, qui annis singulis ex numero deputatorum exeunt, post transactos corniculos nostram adorare purpuram volumus, quo honore perfunctis, cum iam missionem tenuerint, liberum otium damus, ut ad susceptionem vel cuiuslibet necessitatis officium qui ex corniculario adoraverint minime devocentur.

the emperors valentinian and valens, augusti, to mamertinus, praetorian prefect. the cornicularii of the prefecture, who each year go out from the number of the deputed, after their terms as cornicularii have been completed, we will that they adore our purple; when they have performed this honor, since they will now have obtained dismissal, we grant them free leisure, so that those who shall have adored from the rank of cornicularius are by no means called away to the undertaking or duty of any necessity.

haec igitur missio ea habeat privilegia, quae veterum principum sanctiones habere constiterit. dat. iii kal.

Therefore, let this discharge have those privileges which it has been established that the sanctions of the emperors of old possess. Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

feb. mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 ian.

Feb., at Mediolanum
Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, consuls. (365 Jan.

30).

CTh.8.7.9

Codex Theodosianus 8.7.9

Idem aa. ad germanianum praefectum praetorio. qui de ordinariorum officiis iudicum vel amplitudinis tuae, exceptis his, qui cornicularii honore perfuncti sunt vel his, qui secundum legem purpuram nostram adorarunt, inter protectores domesticos vel scholares militant, ad eius, quod declinare temptarunt, muneris functionem et ad necessitates constringantur mancipatus. dat.

The same Emperors to Germanianus, Praetorian Prefect. Those who, from the offices of the ordinary judges or of Your Amplitude, except those who have performed the honor of cornicularius,
or those who according to the law have adored our purple, are serving among the protectores domestici or the scholares, to
the performance of that duty which they have attempted to decline, and to the public necessities, let them be constrained, mancipated. Given.

vii id. april. remis gratiano et dagalaifo conss. (366 apr.

april 7, at reims, under gratian and
dagalaifus, consuls. (366 apr.

7).

CTh.8.7.10

Theodosian Code 8.7.10

Idem aa. ad viventium praefectum praetorio. probabile et celebrandum tuae sinceritatis examen lege firmamus, quod ex officio tui culminis iners vulgus eiecisti et indignos militia diversis iussisti inhaerere muneribus. ideoque nulli eorum, quos illustris praestantia tua propositis publicavit edictis, habendi vel adipiscendi gradum alterum sit facultas.

The same emperors to Viventius, Praetorian Prefect. We confirm by law the examination of your sincerity, worthy of approval and to be celebrated, whereby from the office of your eminence you have cast out the inert rabble and have ordered those unworthy of the soldiery to cleave to diverse duties. And therefore to none of those whom your Illustrious Excellency has published by posted edicts shall there be the faculty of having or acquiring another grade.

quin etiam si quis de his umquam interdictam adfectaverit dignitatem, iniecta manu a quocumque rectore retrahatur, ut a condicione sententiae non recedat. dat. xvi kal.

indeed, even if anyone of these should ever have attempted to obtain an interdicted dignity, let him, with hand laid on, be dragged back by any governor, so that he does not depart from the condition of the sentence.
Given on the 16th before the Kalends.

iun. complati valentiniano n. p. et victore conss. (369 mai.

June. at Complutum, when Valentinian N. P.
and Victor were consuls. (369 May.

17).

CTh.8.7.11

Theodosian Code 8.7.11

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. severo magistro militum.

the emperors valentinian, valens and gratian, augusti, to severus, master of soldiers

si quando praefectus praetorio vel vicarius aut rector provinciae significaverit eum, qui chartis ac ratiociniis publicis invenitur obnoxius, ad praeposituram castri ac militum transisse, retractus illi adsignetur officio, a quo ad necessitatem praestandi ratiocinii devocatur; tamen in reiecti vero locum is potissimum destinetur, cui meritorum adstipulentur insignia. dat. x kal.

If ever the Praetorian Prefect or a Vicar or the governor of a province
shall signify that one who is found to be liable in the public papers and accounts has transferred to a command of the camp and of the soldiers, let him, being recalled,
be assigned to that office, by which he is summoned back to the necessity of rendering the account; nevertheless, for the place of the one actually set aside, let him above all be appointed, to whom
the insignia of merits give attestation. Given on the 10th day before the Kalends.

ian. gratiano a. ii et probo conss., emissa ad magistros militum et comites et duces omnes. (371 dec.

jan., when Gratian Augustus for the 2nd time and Probus were consuls, issued to the Masters of Soldiers and to all Counts and Dukes. (371 dec.

23).

CTh.8.7.12

Theodosian Code 8.7.12

Idem aaa. ad iulianum proconsulem africae. nullum militem a quolibet numero ad stationes agendas per consulares byzacenam et tripolitanam provincias destinari iubemus, sed probati in obsequiis praesidalibus eius officii, in quo parent, vocabulo censeantur nec quicquam his sit cum armatae militiae nuncupatione commune.

The same Augusti to Julianus, proconsul of Africa. We order that no soldier from any unit be assigned to perform station duty through the consular provinces of Byzacena and Tripolitana, but that those approved in gubernatorial services be classified under the title of that officium to whose authority they are subordinate, and that they have nothing in common with the appellation of the armed militia.

sed et si quis forte ex his, qui in legionibus vel in numeris deputentur, gestandis armis idoneus sit, qui tamen pastui primipili neutiquam obnoxius detegatur, ei, cui adscriptus est, militiae indubitanter iungatur. dat. iii kal.

but also if anyone by chance from those who are assigned in the legions or in the numeri is fit for bearing arms, who nevertheless is discovered to be in no way subject to the primipilus’s mess, let him be unhesitatingly joined in military service to him to whom he is enrolled. given, 3 days before the kalends.

iun. nassonaci, acc. vi kal.

June. At Nassonaci, received on the 6th day before the Kalends.

dec. modesto et arinthaeo conss. (372 mai.

decreed. Modestus and Arintheus, consuls. (372 May.

30).

CTh.8.7.13

Theodosian Code 8.7.13

Idem aaa. ad romanum comitem africae. numquam officiales iudicum in quolibet militum numero deputentur; probatos enim eius officii, in quo parent, appellatione congruit nominari.

The same emperors to romanus, count of africa. let the officials of the judges never be deputed into any roll of the soldiers; for it is fitting that those approved for that office, in which they obey, be named by its appellation.

si qui sane in quolibet numero ex apparitoribus praesidentium nunc repperientur adscripti neque pastui primipili deteguntur obnoxii, hique armis gestandis pro statura ac robore corporis idonei sunt, revocentur ad numeros, quibus de more hactenus deputati sunt. dat. iii kal.

If indeed any who, in whatever unit, are now found to have been enrolled from the apparitors of those presiding, and are not discovered to be liable to the primipilar ration, and are suitable for bearing arms according to the stature and strength of their body, let them be recalled to the units to which, in the customary manner, they have hitherto been assigned. Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

iul. modesto et arinthaeo conss. (372 iun.

Jul. Modestus and Arintheus, consuls. (372 Jun.

29).

CTh.8.7.14pr.

Theodosian Code 8.7.14, preface.

Idem aaa. tatiano comiti sacrarum largitionum. nullus thensaurensis vel officialis comitis thensaurorum semel deprehensus eversor quocumque pacto aut repetat militiam suam aut aliam sibi requirat per ambitum dignitatem vel sese transferat ad aliam quamcumque militiam.

The same Augusti to Tatianus, count of the sacred largesses. Let no thesaurensis or official of the count of the treasuries, once apprehended as a subverter,
by whatever pact either resume his service or seek for himself another dignity through ambition, or transfer himself to any other
service.

(377 ian. 25).

(377 jan. 25).

CTh.8.7.14.1

Sed neque hi, qui nuper thensaurorum custodiam susceperunt, scriniarii etiam comitum thensaurorum vel ceteri thensaurenses alterius militiae sperent se occasione defendi vel ad honores aliquos dignitatesve transire, sed ea perpetuo tenendos esse militia, qua sunt a principio mancipati. dat. viii kal.

But neither these, who have lately undertaken the custody of the treasuries, nor the secretaries of the counts of the treasuries, nor the other treasury personnel of another militia (service), should hope to be excused on some pretext or to pass over to any honors or dignities, but that militia which they have from the beginning been assigned to is to be held perpetually. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

feb. antiochiae gratiano a. iiii et merobaude conss. (377 ian.

Feb. at antioch, gratian augustus, 4, and merobaudes, consuls. (377 jan.

25).

CTh.8.7.15

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad syagrium praefectum urbi.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, augusti, to syagrius, prefect of the city

qui abhinc quinquennio desertis propriae apparitionis obsequiis in ordines indebitos evolarunt, pristinis officiis reddantur. et cetera. dat.

those who five years ago, deserting the duties of their own apparitorial service, flew into undue orders, are to be restored to their pristine offices. and the rest. dated.

vii id. oct. syagrio et eucherio conss. (381 oct.

october 9, in the consulship of syagrius and eucherius. (381 oct.

9).

CTh.8.7.16pr.

Codex Theodosianus 8.7.16, preface.

Idem aa. et arcadius a. ad principium praefectum praetorio. praeter eos, qui de officio eminentium potestatum numero stipendiorum et curriculis evolutis urbique praefecti, vicariae etiam potestatis, serenitatis nostrae annis singulis adtingere purpuram venerarique praecepti sunt, nulli prorsus vel ex eo numero vel illorum certe, qui provincialia officia peregerunt, tranquillitatis nostrae muricem adorare sit liberum omnium suffragiorum obreptione cessante. (385 sept.

The same Augusti and Arcadius Augustus to Principius, Prefect of the Praetorium. Except those who, from the staff of the eminent authorities, with the tally of stipends and the courses of service run through, and
of the Prefect of the City, and even of the Vicariate authority, have been instructed by our Serenity each year to touch and venerate the purple,
to absolutely no one either from that number or certainly of those who have performed provincial offices shall it be free to adore the murex of our Tranquility,
with the surreptitious obtaining of all recommendations ceasing. (385 Sept.

18).

CTh.8.7.16.1

Adeo autem unumquemque ea, quibus vel sponte initiatus est vel suorum retinetur consortio maiorum, non sinimus civilium officiorum sacramenta defugere, ut etiam ad palatina hos adque agentum in rebus transire vetemus officia, nisi omnibus expeditis, quae eorum peragi poscit ordo militiae. (385 sept. 18).

Moreover, to such an extent do we not allow anyone, by reason of those things by which he has either voluntarily been initiated or is held by the consortium of his own ancestors, to flee the oaths of civil offices, that we even forbid these men to transfer to the palatine offices and to the offices of the agentes in rebus, unless all things have been settled which the order of their service demands to be carried out. (385 sept. 18).

CTh.8.7.16.2

Si quis igitur ea, quae sunt salubriter cauta violarit, non solum se ilico sciat esse retrahendum, verum etiam bonorum media parte multandum ac mancipatus statim muneri subiugandum, ita ut per hoc tempus, quod hac lege praescriptum est, istius functionis muneri se norit esse subdendum. (385 sept. 18).

If anyone therefore should violate the provisions that have been salutarily cautioned, let him know not only that he is to be immediately drawn back, but also to be fined by the half share of his goods
and, once mancipated, to be straightway yoked to the duty, such that for that time which is prescribed by this law he know himself to be subjected to the munus of this function. (385 Sept. 18).

CTh.8.7.16.3

Omnes itaque iudices civilis arbitrii tua magnificentia moneat curam his oportere inesse quam maximam, ne quis apparitionis propriae desertorem ad indebitam adspirare patiatur. retrahi enim oportet contumacem ac legis laqueis implicari. dat.

Therefore let your magnificence admonish all judges of civil jurisdiction that the greatest care ought to be present in these matters, lest anyone allow a deserter from his own apparitorial service to aspire to undue preferment. for the contumacious ought to be dragged back and entangled in the snares of the law. given.

xiiii kal. oct. aquileia arcadio a. i et bautone v. c. conss.

on the 14th day before the Kalends of October, at Aquileia, in the consulship of Arcadius, Augustus, for the 1st time, and of Bauto, a most distinguished man, consuls.

(385 sept. 18).

(September 18, 385).

CTh.8.7.17

Theodosian Code 8.7.17

Idem aaa. ad principium praefectum praetorio. exceptores omnes iudicibus obsequentes, qui nec militiam sustinent neque a fisco ullas consequuntur annonas, absque metu navare coeptis operam, etiamsi decuriones sint, minime prohibemus, dummodo munia propriae civitatis agnoscant et peracto secundum morem exceptionis officio ad propriam sibi curiam redeundum esse non nesciant.

The same Augusti to Principius, Praetorian Prefect. All exceptores attending upon the judges, who neither sustain military service nor receive any rations from the fisc, we by no means forbid to devote their effort to their undertakings without fear, even if they are decurions, provided that they acknowledge the duties of their own city and, when the office of exceptorship has been performed according to custom, they are not unaware that they must return to their own curia.

dat. iiii id. dec. aquileia arcadio a. i et bautone conss.

Given on the 4th day before the Ides of December at Aquileia, when Arcadius, Augustus, for the 1st time, and Bauto were consuls.

(385 dec. 10).

(December 10, 385).

CTh.8.7.18

Idem aaa. et arcadius a. ad eusignium praefectum praetorio. nullus ex his, quos claruerit militia resolutos, indebita denuo sacramenta suscipiat.

The same Augusti, and Arcadius Augustus, to Eusignius, prefect of the praetorium. Let none of those who shall have been shown to be released from the military service take up anew oaths not owed.

si quis autem id per obreptionem forte meruerit, quinque librarum auri multetur incommodo. dat. prid.

But if anyone should perchance have obtained this by obreption, let him be mulcted five pounds of gold as a penalty. Given the day before.

id. iul. mediolano honorio n. p. et evodio conss. (386 iul.

on the ides of july, at milan
honorius, most noble boy, and evodius, consuls. (386 jul.

14).

CTh.8.7.19pr.

Theodosian Code 8.7.19, preface.

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. florentino praefecto urbi. post alia: cuiuslibet iudicis apparitores, inter quos etiam praefectianos locamus, ad quamcumque aliam militiam vel palatinam vel militarem ambiendo transierint, retrahendi hos copiam illis, quos deseruere, tribuimus, ita ut vilissima quaelibet officia ac mancipatus quoque, si modo ab his cui nati sunt ordo exegerit, administrent.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Florentinus, Prefect of the City. After other matters: the apparitors of any judge, among whom we also place the prefectural staff, if by canvassing they have passed over to whatever other service, whether Palatine or military, we grant to those whom they have deserted the power of dragging these back, so that they shall perform any most menial duties and even servile bondage, if only the order to which they were born shall have exacted it from them.

(397 dec. 21).

(December 21, 397).

CTh.8.7.19.1

In quorum idem servandum, quod in curialium, successione decernimus, ut etiam si patres haec fugerint, teneatur agnatio. et cetera. dat.

For whom we decree that the same is to be observed as in the case of curials, in the matter of succession, so that even if the fathers shall have fled these obligations, agnation shall be held liable. and the rest. given.

xii kal. ian. mediolano caesario et attico conss.

December 21, at Milan, in the consulship of Caesarius and Atticus.

(397 dec. 21).

(397 Dec. 21).

CTh.8.7.20

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. graccho praefecto urbi. quicumque apparitores ob culpam vel neglegentiam fuerint iudicato discincti, ad nullam militiam adspirandi habeant facultatem nec ex rescripto his ullus aditus reseretur, quos congruit poenae gravissimae subiugari, si contra inhibita quoque sacratissimis constitutis adspirare praesumpserint.

the emperors honorius and theodosius, augusti, to gracchus, prefect of the city. whoever of the apparitors, on account of fault or negligence, shall have been ungirded by judgment, let them have no capacity to aspire to any service, nor let any access be opened to them by rescript—for it is fitting that they be subjugated to a most grievous penalty—if they shall have presumed to aspire contrary to what is also forbidden by the most sacred constitutions.

dat. viii kal. aug.

dated on the 8th day before the Kalends of August.

ravenna dd nn honorio x et theodosio vi aa. conss. (415 iul. 25).

ravenna, our lords honorius 10 and theodosius 6, emperors.
consuls. (415 july 25).

CTh.8.7.21

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. hierio praefecto praetorio. nemo aliter ad tuae sublimitatis admittatur officium, nisi eum emissa ex sacris scriniis probatoria consecrarit.

emperors theodosius and valentinian, augusti, to hierius, praetorian prefect. let no one otherwise be admitted to the office of your sublimity, unless a probatory document issued from
the sacred scrinia has consecrated him.

quod et in ceteris officiis, quibus similis erat consuetudo militiae, diverso quidem modo, sed pari diligentia sublimitas tua iubeat custodiri, sed in his quoque, id est virorum spectabilium proconsulis asiae, comitis orientis, praefecti augustalis et vicariorum, quos etiam monuimus sub viginti interminatione librarum auri irenarchas quoque et actuarios, et cornicularios tam classium urbi constantinopolitanae quam thymelae equorumque currulium civitatum diversarum non aliter, nisi, ut consueverat, manus sanxerit principalis, praecipiat ordinari. quin si quis talis sub tua fuerit iudicatione convictus, profecto irritis his, quae vetita contrectavit, etiam congruam indignationem incurret, his retentis in suo ordine et gradu militiae, qui qualitercumque ad praesentem diem admissi sunt. et cetera.

which also in the other offices, in which there was a similar custom of military service, albeit in a different manner, yet with equal diligence let your Sublimity order to be guarded; but in these also, that is, of men of spectabilis rank—the Proconsul of Asia, the Count of the East, the Augustal Prefect, and the Vicars—whom we likewise warned under the threat of 20 pounds of gold, the irenarchs also and the actuaries, and the cornicularii both of the fleets for the city of Constantinople and of the thymele and of the horses and charioteers of various cities, not otherwise, unless, as was customary, the principal hand shall have sanctioned it, let him command to be appointed. Moreover, if anyone of such a kind shall have been convicted under your judgment, with the things which he handled though forbidden being assuredly made void, he will also incur suitable indignation, with those retained in their own order and grade of service who in whatever way have been admitted up to the present day. And so forth.

dat. x kal. iul.

given on June 22.

nicomediae dd. nn. theodosio xii et valentiniano ii aa. conss. (426 iun. 22).

at nicomedia, our lords theodosius for the 12th time and valentinian for the 2nd, augusti, consuls. (426 june 22).

CTh.8.7.22

Idem aa. theofilo praefecto urbi. nemo aliter ad tuae sublimitatis in posterum admittatur officium, nisi eum emissa ex sacris scriniis probatoria consecrarit. actuarios quoque thymelae et equorum currulium, suarios etiam et optiones per omnes regiones urbis constantinopolitanae et alia omnia, quae vel in militia vel gradibus actibusque nutum pro sollemnitate priscae institutionis desiderant principalem, non aliter, nisi, ut consueverat, manus sanxerit principalis, praecipiat ordinari.

The same Emperors to Theophilus, Prefect of the City. Let no one hereafter be admitted to the office of Your Sublimity otherwise than if a probatory letter issued from the Sacred Scrinia has consecrated him.
Likewise the actuarii of the thymelae and of the chariot-horses, and also the suarii and the optiones throughout all the districts of the city of Constantinople, and all other things which either in the soldiery or in grades and functions require the imperial nod according to the solemnity of ancient institution,
are not otherwise to be ordered to be appointed, unless, as was customary, the imperial hand has sanctioned it; let them be directed to be ordained.

quin si quis talis sub tua fuerit iudicatione convictus, profecto irritis his, quae vetita contrectavit, etiam congruam indignationem incurret, his retentis videlicet in suo ordine et gradu militiae, qui qualitercumque ad praesentem diem videntur admissi. dat. kal.

Indeed, if anyone of such a sort shall have been convicted under your judgment, assuredly, with those things which, being forbidden, he has tampered with rendered void, he will also incur fitting indignation, with those, namely, being retained in their own order and grade of the service, who in whatever manner up to the present day seem to have been admitted. Given on the Kalends.

iul. nicomediae theodosio xii et valentiniano ii aa. conss. (426 iul.

jul. at nicomedia theodosius 12 and valentinian 2, augusti, consuls. (426
jul.

1).

CTh.8.7.23

Idem aa. acacio comiti sacrarum largitionum. comitum thensaurorum dioeceseos provectiones et ipsos thensaurenses vetus observatio principali dexterae reservavit, nec aliter voluit eos vel in iudicum suorum oboedientiam vel in committendis publicis necessitatibus habere progressum, nisi militiam eis emissa ex sacris scriniis probatoria condonasset. quod ita esse decretum ad notitiam eorum, quibus hoc videtur esse conveniens, pervenire tua magnitudo constituet, non absque indignatione arbitrium principale passura quorundam temeraria usurpatione diminui; his retentis videlicet in suo ordine et gradu militiae, qui qualitercumque ad praesentem diem videntur admissi.

The same Emperors to Acacius, count of the sacred largesses. The promotions of the counts of the treasuries of the diocese and the treasurers themselves ancient observance has reserved to the imperial right hand, nor did it wish them to have advancement either into the obedience of their own judges or in the entrusting of public necessities, unless he should grant them a commission by a proof-letter issued from the sacred scrinia. That this has been decreed thus your Magnitude will arrange to come to the knowledge of those to whom this seems fitting, not about to allow without indignation that the imperial judgment be diminished by the rash usurpation of certain persons; with these retained, namely, in their own order and rank of service, who in whatever way up to the present day seem to have been admitted.

dat. kal. iul.

given on the kalends of july.

nicomediae dd. nn. theodosio xii et valentiniano ii aa. conss. (426 iul. 1).

at Nicomedia, our lords Theodosius 12 and Valentinian 2, emperors, consuls. (426 Jul. 1).

CTh.8.8.0. De executoribus et exactionibus

CTh.8.8.0. On executors and exactions

CTh.8.8.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad florianum consularem venetiae. die solis, qui dudum faustus habetur, neminem christianum ab exactoribus volumus conveniri, contra eos, qui id facere ausi sint, hoc nostri statuti interdicto periculum sancientes.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Florianus, Consular of Venetia. On the day of the Sun, which has long been held auspicious, we will that no Christian be convened by the exactors; against those who should have dared to do this, we sanction a penalty by this interdict of our statute.

dat. xi kal. mai.

dated April 21.

treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (368? 370?

at trier, in the consulship of valentinian and valens, the augusti, consuls. (368? 370?

373? apr. 21).

CTh.8.8.2

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad potitum vicarium.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, Augusti, to Potitus, Vicarius.

quisquis fuerit exhibitus, usque ad negotii terminum ab eo, cui primum traditus fuerat, observari eum apparitore decernimus; si qua praesumptione fuerit haec mansuetudinis nostrae posthabita praeceptio, primiscrinio qui iussa temeraverit quinque librarum auri condemnatione multando. dat. viii kal.

Whoever shall have been produced, we decree that, until the end of the business, he is to be kept under observation by the apparitor of the one to whom he had first been handed over; if by any presumption this precept of our clemency shall have been set aside, the primiscrinius who has violated the orders is to be punished by a condemnation of 5 pounds of gold. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

nov. auxonio et olybrio conss. (379 oct.

nov. auxonius and olybrius, consuls. (379 oct.

25).

CTh.8.8.3 [=brev.8.3.1]

Theodosian Code 8.8.3 [=Breviary 8.3.1]

Imppp. grat., valent. et theodos.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius.

aaa. ad principium pf. p. solis die, quem dominicum rite dixere maiores, omnium omnino litium, negotiorum, conventionum quiescat intentio; debitum publicum privatumque nullus efflagitet; ne apud ipsos quidem arbitros vel in iudiciis flagitatos vel sponte delectos ulla sit agnitio iurgiorum. et non modo notabilis, verum etiam sacrilegus iudicetur, qui a sanctae religionis instituto rituve deflexerit.

aaa. to the beginning, to the praetorian prefect: on the day of the Sun, which the elders rightly called the Lord’s, let the pursuit of all lawsuits, businesses, conventions wholly rest; let no one exact a public or private debt; not even before the arbitrators themselves, whether demanded in the courts or chosen of their own accord, let there be any acknowledgment of wranglings. and let him be judged not only notable, but even sacrilegious, who has deflected from the institute or rite of the holy religion.

pp. iii. non. nov.

posted on November 3.

aquileiae. acc. viii.

at Aquileia. received on the 8th.

kal. dec. romae, honorio n. p. et evodio v. c. coss.

on the kalends of december at rome, honorius, most noble youth, and evodius, a most distinguished man, consuls.

interpretatio. die solis, qui dominicus merito dicitur, omnium hominum actio conquiescat, ut nec publicum nec privatum debitum requiratur, nulla iudicia neque publica neque privata fiant. quod qui non observaverit, reus sacrilegii teneatur

interpretation. on the day of the Sun, which is rightly called the Dominical day, let the action of all men rest, so that neither public nor private debt be required let no judgments, neither public nor private, be held. whoever shall not have observed this, let him be held guilty of sacrilege

CTh.8.8.4

Idem aaa. ad eusignium praefectum praetorio. nullus apparitor amplitudinis tuae vel de officiis palatinis ad eam provinciam, ex qua oriundus est vel in qua collocaverit larem, obtentu publicae necessitatis vel exsecutor privati negotii dirigatur.

The same Augusti to Eusignius, Praetorian Prefect. Let no apparitor of Your Amplitude or from the palatine offices be directed to that province, from which
he is originated or in which he has placed his hearth, under the pretext of public necessity or as the executor of a private business.

etenim officii celsitudinis tuae primiscrinius tres libras auri fisci utilitatibus sine dilatione persolvet, si statuta fuerint temerata, apparitor vero, qui huic se muneri passus est deputari, solutus militia mancipum corpori sociabitur. haec vero poena etiam ceteris irrogata est, ut, si domesticus aut protector, strator vel agens in rebus vel palatinus utriusque officii vel ad eam provinciam, in qua natus est, vel ad eam, in qua collocarit larem, cum huiusmodi usurpatione perrexerit, matriculis quidem exemptus ipse, qui se voluit mitti, auri libram unam fisci viribus inferre cogatur, adiutores vero officiorum palatinorum ac numerarii comitum illustrium virorum sive actuarii libram fisci viribus solvant, nisi statuta fuerint custodita. dat.

for indeed the primiscrinius of the highness of your office will, without delay, pay three pounds of gold to the fisc’s interests, if the statutes have been violated; but the apparitor who has allowed himself to be assigned to this duty, released from military service, shall be joined to the body of the mancipia. this penalty, moreover, is imposed also on the rest, namely, if a domesticus or protector, a strator or an agens in rebus, or a palatine of either office, shall have proceeded with such a usurpation either to that province in which he was born or to that in which he has placed his hearth, the man who wished to be sent shall himself be removed from the rolls and be compelled to bring in one pound of gold to the fisc’s resources; but the adjutors of the palatine offices and the numerarii of the Illustrious Counts, or the actuarii, shall pay a pound to the fisc’s resources, unless the statutes have been kept. given.

iii non. dec. mediolano honorio nobilissimo puero et evodio v. c. conss.

on December 3 at Milan, when Honorius, most noble boy, and Evodius, most illustrious man, were consuls.

(386 dec. 3).

(December 3, 386).

CTh.8.8.5

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. dextro praefecto praetorio. sive a palatinis petantur quae sunt sacris largitionibus inferenda sive quid res privata nostra desideret vel si quod subsidium publicarum necessitatum magnificentia tua per apparitionem suam arcae nomine deposcit, remota exigentium permixtione per rectorem provinciae instantibus officiis memoratis exactionem celebrari decernimus, qui ad se intellegit vel desidiae invidiam vel industriae gloriam pertinere.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Dextro, Praetorian Prefect. whether the things that are to be contributed to the Sacred Largesses are sought by the Palatines, or whatever our Private Estate requires, or if your Magnificence, through your own apparitio, demands some subsidy for public necessities under the title of the Chest, with the intermixture of the exactors removed, we decree that the exaction is to be carried out through the governor of the province, the aforesaid offices pressing the matter, who understands that either the odium of sloth or the glory of industry pertains to himself.

dat. xvii kal. iun.

dated on the 17th day before the Kalends of June.

mediolano olybrio et probino conss. (395 mai. 16).

at Milan, in the consulship of Olybrius and Probinus. (395 May 16).

CTh.8.8.6

Theodosian Code 8.8.6

Idem aa. ad provinciales et ad proconsules. ne per diversas provinciarum partes aut palatinus exactor accederet aut illustrium virorum apparitor vagaretur vel militaris terror inferret formidinem, hac lege sancimus, ut omnis memoratis intentio ad provinciae rectorem sit, cum eo agant, illo insistente disponente adque agnoscente suo periculo rem peragendam compleant universa. dat.

The same Augusti to the provincials and to the proconsuls. Lest through the diverse parts of the provinces either a palatine collector should approach or an apparitor of illustrious men
should wander, or a military terror should bring dread, by this law we sanction that every demand upon the aforesaid be to the rector of the province,
let them deal with him, he insisting, arranging, and acknowledging at his own peril, and let them complete all things for the matter to be transacted. Given.

xvii kal. iul. mediolano olybrio et probino conss.

17th day before the Kalends of July, at milan
olybrius and probinus, consuls.

(395 iun. 15).

(395 June 15).

CTh.8.8.7

Theodosian Code 8.8.7

Idem aa. andromacho praefecto urbi. quicumque e palatio nostro cuiuslibet tituli ad provinciam conmearit compulsor exactor admonitor portitorve praecepti, agens in rebus vel palatinus vel apparitor illustrium potestatum, hoc tantum potestatis arripiat, quod mandatum curae suae specialiter adprobatur, nec, quod iniunctum alteri fuit, collegii iure praesumat, ne, dum hoc sibi invicem mutui officii licentia partiuntur, agant cuncti, quod singulis credebatur. et cetera.

The same Augusti to Andromachus, Prefect of the City. Whoever from our palace, of whatever title, shall travel to a province—a compeller, collector, admonisher, or porter of a precept, an agent in affairs or a Palatine or an apparitor of the Illustrious authorities—let him assume only so much power as that which, being mandated, is specially approved to his charge, and let him not presume, by a right of collegium, that which was enjoined upon another, lest, while by the license of mutual duty they allot this among themselves in turn, all should do what was entrusted to individuals. And so forth.

dat. prid. id. iul.

Dated the day before the Ides of July (July 14).

mediolano olybrio et probino conss. (395 iul. 14).

at milan olybrius and probinus consuls. (395 july 14).

CTh.8.8.8

Theodosian Code 8.8.8

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. iohanni praefecto praetorio. post alia: die sabbata ac reliquis sub tempore, quo iudaei cultus sui reverentiam servant, neminem aut facere aliquid aut ulla ex parte conveniri debere praecipimus, cum fiscalibus commodis et litigiis privatorum constet reliquos dies posse sufficere.

Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to John, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: on the Sabbath day and at the other times during which the Jews observe the reverence of their worship we order that no one either do anything or be summoned in any respect, since it is established that the remaining days can suffice for fiscal interests and for the litigations of private persons.

et cetera. dat. vii kal.

etc. given on the 7th day before the Kalends.

aug. ravenna honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss. (409

August, at Ravenna, with Honorius for the 8th time and Theodosius for the 3rd, the Augusti, as consuls. (409

[412] iul. 26).

[412] July 26).

CTh.8.8.9

Theodosian Code 8.8.9

Idem aa. palladio praefecto praetorio. sive ex praetoriano officio sive illustris comitivae sedis largitionum nec non et rei privatae nostrae vel ex quacumque apparitione ad quamcumque necessitatem profligandam quis fuerit destinatus, sciat intra anni metas debere collectis ratiociniis ad proprium iudicem remeare eique suam efficaciam ostendere, quid eius instantia exactum fuerit quidve in debitis habeatur vel penes quos resederit vel cuius culpa aut causa in eadem provincia fuerit derelictum. quod si exacto spatio anni eius regionis visceribus praedator insidens deprehensus fuerit remorari, tunc absolutus cingulo militia abicietur, primoribus eiusdem militiae decem librarum auri multa proposita.

The same Augusti to Palladius, Praetorian Prefect. whether from the praetorian office or from the illustrious comitiva of the seat of the largesses, and likewise of our private estate, or from whatever apparitorial staff for the purpose of overcoming whatever necessity someone shall have been assigned, let him know that within the bounds of a year he must, the accounts having been gathered, return to his proper judge and show to him his effectiveness—what by his urgency has been exacted, and what is held among the debts, and with whom it has remained, or by whose fault or cause in the same province it has been left. But if, the span of a year having elapsed, he is detected lingering, a depredator sitting upon the vitals of that region, then, released from the belt, he shall be cast out from the service, with a fine of 10 pounds of gold set for the chiefs of the same service.

sin redire dissimulet, ligatus ferreis nexibus cura provincialis officii sub elogio ad debitum mittatur examen nec ei liberum sit, ut hoc se privilegio aut occasione defendat, quod sibi aliud negotium vel aliam necessitatem post iniunctam esse causetur, cum isdem licentiam auferamus in eadem provincia iterare exactionem. et cetera. dat.

But if he should dissemble to return, let him, bound with iron bonds, by the care of the provincial office, under a warrant (elogium), be sent to the due examination, nor let it be free to him to defend himself by this privilege or pretext, that he alleges that some other business or some other necessity was afterwards enjoined upon him, since from these same we remove the license to iterate the exaction in the same province. And the rest. Given.

x kal. oct. ravenna d. n. theodosio a. vii et palladio conss.

10 Kalends of October, at Ravenna
our lord Theodosius Augustus, in his 7th consulship, and Palladius, consuls.

(416 sept. 22).

(September 22, 416).

CTh.8.8.10

Theodosian Code 8.8.10

Idem aa. iohanni praefecto praetorio. post alia: nullam possessionem alterius pro alienis debitis publicis sive privatis praecipimus conveniri. et cetera.

the same emperors to john, praetorian prefect. after other things: we order that no one’s property be proceeded against for another’s debts, whether public or private. and so forth.

dat. v id. iul. ravenna dd. nn. honorio xiii et theodosio x aa. conss.

Dated July 11 at Ravenna, in the consulship of our lords Honorius for the 13th time and Theodosius for the 10th time, emperors.

(422 iul. 11).

(422 July 11).

CTh.8.9.0. De lucris officiorum

CTh.8.9.0. On the profits of the offices

CTh.8.9.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad pacatianum. ordines decuriarum scribarum librariorum et lictoriae consularis oblatis precibus meruerunt, ut in civilibus causis et editionibus libellorum officiorum sollemnitate fungantur, ita ut vetusta aetate servatum est, eo usque praerogativa veniente, ut militares intercessiones procul usque a liberalibus causis sese contineant.

The Emperor Constantine Augustus to Pacatianus. The orders of the decuriae of the scribes, the copyists, and of the consular lictor-service, having presented petitions, have merited that, in civil causes and in the issuance of libelli, they perform under the solemnity of the offices, just as it was observed in ancient times, the prerogative extending thus far: that military intercessions keep themselves far away from liberal causes.

rectores itaque quae iussimus observabunt. dat. xv kal.

Therefore the governors shall observe what we have ordered. Given on the 15th day before the Kalends.

mai. constantinopoli constantio et albino conss. (335 apr.

May. at Constantinople, under the consulship of Constantius and Albinus. (335 Apr.

17).

CTh.8.9.2

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad severum praefectum urbi.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, augusti, to severus, prefect of the city

emolumenta ceteraque compendia, quibus magnitudinis tuae apparitio sustinetur, neque his auferri sancimus, quibus pro eiusdem officii liberalitate collata sunt, neque in eos veluti ex necessitate transferri futura aetate permittimus, quos huiusmodi largitate vel praemio opinantur indignos, modo ut nihil ab eo necessarii moris aut ordinis pandat antiquitas, sed volentium potius fuisse doceatur quam principatus ipsius adque administrationis officium. dat. kal.

emoluments and other perquisites, by which the apparitorial service of your Magnitude is sustained, we decree are not to be taken away from those to whom they were conferred by the liberality of that same office, nor do we permit them, as though from necessity, to be transferred in a future age to those who are thought unworthy of such largess or reward, provided that antiquity reveal nothing of necessary custom or order from it, but rather that it be shown to have belonged to the willing, rather than to the office of the principate itself and of administration. Given on the Kalends.

aug. antonio et syagrio conss. (382 aug.

Aug. Antonius and Syagrius, consuls. (382 Aug.

1).

CTh.8.10.0. De concussionibus advocatorum sive apparitorum

CTh.8.10.0. On the extortions of advocates or apparitors

CTh.8.10.1

Imp. constantinus a. proconsuli africae. si quis se a ducenariis vel centenariis ac praecipue fisci advocatis laesum esse cognoscit, adire iudicia ac probare iniuriam non moretur, ut in eum qui convictus fuerit competenti severitate vindicetur.

The emperor Constantine Augustus to the proconsul of Africa. If anyone recognizes himself to have been harmed by ducenarii or centenarii, and especially by the advocates of the fisc, let him not delay to approach
the courts and to prove the injury, so that upon the one who shall have been convicted punishment may be exacted with appropriate severity.

dat. vi id. nov. treviris, acc.

Given on the 6th day before the Ides of November, at Trier; accepted.

xv kal. mart. carthagine constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii consulibus.

February 15, at Carthage, in the consulship of Constantine Augustus for the 4th time and of Licinius for the 4th time.

(314 vel 315 [immo 313] nov. 8).

(314 or 315 [rather, 313] Nov. 8).

CTh.8.10.2

Theodosian Code 8.10.2

Imp. constantius a. eubulidae viro clarissimo vicario africae. praeter sollemnes et canonicas pensitationes multa a provincialibus afris indignissime postulantur ab officialibus et scholasticis, non modo in civitatibus singulis, sed et mansionibus, dum ipsis et animalibus eorundem alimoniae sine pretio ministrantur.

Emperor Constantius Augustus, to Eubulides, a most distinguished man, Vicar of Africa. Besides the solemn and canonical payments, many things are most unworthily demanded from the African provincials
by officials and scholastics, not only in the individual cities, but also at the posting-stations, while for themselves and their animals
rations are furnished without price.

nec latet mansuetudinem nostram saepissime scholasticos ultra modum acceptis honorariis in defensione causarum omnium et annonas et sumptus accipere consuesse, quibus, tantis conmodis fulti itinere, suam avaritiam explere nequeunt. provinciales itaque cuncti iudices tueantur nec iniurias inultas transire permittant. dat.

Nor is it hidden from our mildness that very often the scholastics, beyond measure, after receiving honoraria for the defense of all cases, are accustomed also to receive rations (annonae) and expenses; and, supported by such great conveniences on the journey, they still cannot satiate their avarice. Therefore let all judges protect the provincials, and do not allow injuries to pass unpunished. Given.

iii kal. iul. leontio et sallustio conss.

3 days before the kalends of july, leontius and sallustius, consuls.

(344 iun. 29).

(344 June 29).

CTh.8.10.3

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. pompeiano proconsuli africae. quotiens compulsor arguitur in depraedatione convictus, non consulta clementia nostra.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Pompeianus, Proconsul of Africa. Whenever an enforcer is accused and convicted in depredation, our clemency is not to be consulted.

poenam subeat legibus competentem. dat. prid.

let him undergo the penalty appropriate under the laws. given the day before.

kal. ian. mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss.

On the Kalends of January at Mediolanum, with Stilicho and Aurelian as consuls.

(400 dec. 31).

(400 Dec. 31).

CTh.8.10.4

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. euchario proconsuli africae. universa compulsorum genera ex africanis provinciis constituimus esse pellenda, his videlicet restitutis, quae forsitan per temeritatem sustulerant.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Eucharius, proconsul of Africa. We decree that all kinds of compellers be driven out from the African provinces, with, namely, the restoration of those things which they had perhaps removed through rashness.

dat. vi id. aug. ravenna dd. nn. honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss.

Given on August 8 at Ravenna, in the consulship of our lords Honorius (9) and Theodosius (5), Augusti.

(412 aug. 8).

CTh.8.11.0. Ne quid publicae laetitiae nuntii ex descriptione vel ab invitis accipiant

CTh.8.11.0. That the messengers of public joy receive nothing from an assessment or from those unwilling

CTh.8.11.1pr.

CTh.8.11.1, preface.

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad eugrammimum. cum anni exordia certis inchoanda consulibus nuntiantur, a tenuioribus, sportulae specie, collationis necessitas separetur, ne scilicet discriptione facta pro capitatione aut iugatione quicquam isdem veluti legitimi muneris exprimatur.

The emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Eugrammius. When the beginnings of the year, to be inaugurated with the appointed consuls, are announced, let the necessity of a collation, under the guise of a sportula, be kept away from the poorer classes, lest, when a discriptio has been made, on account of capitation or iugation, anything be exacted from these same persons as if it were a legitimate munus.

(364 dec. 16).

(December 16, 364).

CTh.8.11.1.1

Iubemus tamen, ut viri per provincias emerito iam honore pollentes, praeterea curiales, quos his gradus honore et in collationibus honestate functionis convenit esse finitimos, arbitratu suo tribuant, quantum putaverint largiendum: porro tenuioribus ab hac sorte iniuriosae necessitatis alienis, (364 dec. 16).

We order, however, that the men throughout the provinces, now eminent by an honor earned, and, moreover, the curials, whom it is fitting to be neighboring to these ranks in honor and in the contributions
in the honesty of their function, shall, at their own discretion, grant as much as they shall have thought ought to be bestowed: furthermore, let the poorer be alien from this lot of injurious necessity, (364 dec. 16).

CTh.8.11.1.2

Quod quidem interdicti severitate fieri vetamus in posterum, ut rectores provinciarum vicenis auri libris, porro officia quadragenis constituamus esse multanda, si quicquam pauperes hac adscriptione praebuerint vel his extorqueri quicquam passi fuerint aut aeque, quos contra vetitum fecisse cognoverint, taciturnitate alicuius dissimulationis aboleverint. dat. xvii kal.

We forbid indeed by the severity of the interdict that this be done hereafter, namely that the rectors of the provinces are to be mulcted twenty pounds of gold, and furthermore the offices forty, if the poor have provided anything by this adscription or have suffered anything to be extorted from them, or likewise, if they have abolished, by the silence of some dissimulation, those whom they have learned to have acted against the prohibition. Given on the 17th day before the Kalends.

ian. constantinopoli divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 dec.

Jan. at Constantinople
in the consulship of the deified Jovian
and Varronianus, consuls. (364 dec.

16).

CTh.8.11.2

Theodosian Code 8.11.2

Idem aa. provincialibus salutem dicunt. si quando victoriae, si quando laetitiae publicae nuntiantur vel novorum consulum nomina perferuntur, collationi nullus locus, nulla sit licentia; nihil quisquam exigat, nihil audeat postulare. si quis vero honoratorum sponte quid offerre voluerit, id tantum recte dandum iudicamus.

The same Augusti send greeting to the provincials. If ever victories, if ever public rejoicings are announced, or the names of new consuls are conveyed, let there be no place for a collection, no license; let no one exact anything, let no one dare to demand. But if any of the dignitaries should of his own accord wish to offer anything, we judge that only that may rightly be given.

ceterum quidquid expostulatum, quidquid fuerit indictum, rector quidem provinciae eius, in qua res ita gesta erit, duplum quod indixerit quodve dare coegerit ex suo fisci viribus pendet, officium autem quadrupli summam pro eadem necessitate persolvet. dat. iii id. ian.

Moreover, whatever has been demanded, whatever shall have been imposed, the rector of that province in which the matter will have been thus done shall pay, from his own fisc’s resources, double of what he imposed or compelled to be given; but the officium shall pay a quadruple sum for the same necessity. Given on January 11.

mediolano valentiniano et valente augustis conss. (365 ian. 11).

at Milan, Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, consuls. (365 jan. 11).

CTh.8.11.3

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio.

The Emperors Valentinian, Valens, and Gratian, Augusti, to Mamertinus, Prefect of the Praetorium.

si quando faustorum nuntiorum gaudia provincialibus intimantur quotiensque quid per terrarum orbem disseminatur, seu militum illustres victoriae seu strages hostium aut nostri triumphi perferuntur vel hi quos geremus aut deferimus consulatus, nulli publica distributione et arbitrio iudicis munera, quae vocant sportulas, deputentur. ceterum si quis iudicum vim decretorum nostrorum violaverit, eius rei, quae viritim distributa fuerit et coacta, duplicem poenam subibit aut officium quoque, quod ei paruerit, in quattuor partibus multa exaggerata constringat. honorati vero et urbibus suis eminentes ex arbitrio suo, quantum mens tulerit, largiantur.

whenever the joys of auspicious announcements
are intimated to provincials, and as often as anything is disseminated through the orb of the lands—whether illustrious victories of the soldiers or slaughters of the enemy or
our triumphs are conveyed, or the consulships which we bear or confer—let no gifts, which they call sportulae, be deputed to anyone by public distribution and the discretion of a judge. moreover, if any of the judges shall have violated the force of our decrees, for that matter which shall have been distributed man-by-man and exacted, he shall undergo a double penalty; or the officium also, which shall have obeyed him, let it be constrained by a fine increased to fourfold. but honored men and those eminent in their own cities, at their own discretion, as far as the mind shall bear, may bestow largess.

missa a praefecto praetorio die id. feb. mediolano valentiniano nb. p. et victore v. c. conss. (369 [365?] febr.

sent by the Praetorian Prefect on the Ides of February at Milan, Valentinian,
Most Noble Youth, and Victor, Most Illustrious Man, consuls. (369 [365?] Feb.

13).

CTh.8.11.4

The Theodosian Code 8.11.4

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. floro praefecto praetorio.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, augusti, to florus, praetorian prefect.

quidquid nostrorum umquam nuntiari coeperit prosperorum, bella si desinent, si oriuntur victoriae, fastis si honor datus fuerit regalium trabearum, compositae pacis si erit efferenda tranquillitas, sacros vultus inhiantibus si forte populis inferemus, haec sine pretio nuntiari excipique sancimus. gerulum iubemus esse castissimum: indices nummarios esse prohibemus: iudices statuimus esse sollicitos, ne turpi colludio quaeratur ex miseris pretium gaudiorum. quod si id sacrilega fuerit dissimulatione violatum, et accipientem pudoris fortunarumque manebit excidium et cogentem par poena multabit et officium triginta librarum auri vexatione quatiatur.

whatever of our prosperities shall ever begin to be announced,
if wars cease, if victories arise, if to the Fasti an honor of regal trabeae shall have been given, if the tranquility of composed peace is to be proclaimed,
if we shall perhaps present our sacred countenances to peoples gaping, we decree that these things be announced and received without a price. We order the bearer to be most chaste;
we forbid monetary informers; we establish that judges be solicitous, lest by shameful collusion a price for joys be sought from the wretched.
But if this shall have been violated by sacrilegious dissimulation, both the recipient will await the ruin of his honor and fortunes, and the one compelling will be punished by an equal penalty, and the office shall be shaken by the vexation of 30 pounds of gold.

dat. iiii non. feb.

Given on the 4th day before the Nones of February.

constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss. (383 febr. 2).

at Constantinople, Merobaudes 2 and Saturninus, consuls. (383 Feb. 2).

CTh.8.11.5 [=brev.8.4.1]

Theodosian Code 8.11.5 [= Breviary 8.4.1]

Imppp. valent., theodos. et arcad.

The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius.

aaa. have tatiane, carissime nobis. legem nostram, qua nihil ab invitis provincialibus gratulationis nomine exigendum esse decrevimus, volumus custodiri.

aaa. hail, Tatianus, most dear to us. we wish our law, by which we decreed that nothing is to be exacted under the name of gratulation from unwilling provincials, to be observed.

dat. iv. kal. mai.

given on the 4th day before the Kalends of May.

mediolano, timasio et promoto coss.

at milan, with timasius and promotus as consuls.

interpretatio. quando gaudia publica nuntiantur, nihil invitis provincialibus gratulationis nomine exigatur

interpretation. when public joys are announced, let nothing be exacted under the name of gratulation from unwilling provincials

CTh.8.12.0. De donationibus

CTh.8.12.0. On donations

CTh.8.12.1pr. [=brev.8.5.1pr.]

Imp. constantinus a. ad maximum pf. u. donatio, sive directa sit, sive mortis causa instituta, sive condicionibus* faciendi ac non faciendi suspensa, sive ex aliquo notato tempore promissa, sive animo dantium accipientiumve sententiis, quantum ius sinit, cognominata, sub hac fieri debet observatione, ut, quas leges indulgent, actiones, condiciones* pactionesque contineat, hisque penitus cognitis vel recipiantur, si complacitae sunt, vel reiiciantur, si sunt molestae; ita ut minorum defensores, si per eos donationum condicio* neglecta est, rei amissae periculum praestent.

The Emperor Constantine Augustus to Maximus, Prefect of the City: A donation, whether it be direct, or instituted on account of death, or suspended by conditions of doing and not doing,
or promised from some noted time, or, according to the intention of the givers or of the recipients, named as far as the law allows, ought to be made under this observation:
that it contain the actions, conditions, and pactions which the laws permit; and these being thoroughly understood, either let them be received, if they are agreeable, or rejected, if they are burdensome;
so that the defenders of minors, if through them the condition of donations has been neglected, shall make good the risk of the thing lost.

CTh.8.12.1.1 [=brev.8.5.1.1]

In conscribendis autem donationibus nomen donatoris, ius ac rem notari oportet, neque id occulte aut per imperitos aut privatim, sed aut tabula, aut quodcumque* aliud materiae tempus dabit, vel ab ipso vel ab eo, quem sors ministraverit, scientibus plurimis perscribatur.

In the drafting of donations, moreover, the name of the donor, the right and the thing ought to be recorded, nor should this be done secretly or by the unskilled or in private, but either
on a tablet, or whatever* other material the occasion will afford, let it be fully written, either by himself or by him whom lot shall have supplied, with very many knowing.

CTh.8.12.1.2 [=brev.8.5.1.2]

Et corporalis traditio subsequatur ad excludendam vim atque irreptionem advocata vicinitate, omnibusque arbitris adhibitis, quorum postea fide probabitur, donatam rem, si est mobilis, ex voluntate traditam donatoris, vel, si immobilis, abscessu donantis novo domino patefactam, actis etiam annectendis, quae apud iudicem vel magistratus conficienda sunt. dat. iii.

And let corporeal delivery follow, to exclude force and surreptitious seizure, the neighborhood having been called in, and with all arbiters employed, by whose faith it will afterwards be proved, that the donated thing—if it is movable—has been delivered by the donor’s will, or, if immovable, has been laid open to the new owner by the donor’s withdrawal, the acts also to be annexed, which are to be drawn up before the judge or magistrates. Given 3.

non febr. roma, sabino et rufino coss.

on the Nones of February, Rome, with Sabinus and Rufinus as consuls.

interpretatio. donatio aut directa est aut mortis causa conscribitur. directa donatio est, ubi in praesenti res donata traditur.

interpretation. a donation is either direct or is drawn up on account of death. a direct donation is where, in the present, the donated thing is delivered.

mortis causa donatio est, ubi donator, dum advivit, rem, quam donat, sibi reservat, scribens: si prius mortuus fuero quam tu, res mea ad te perveniat, ut postea ad illum, cui donat, non ad heredes donatoris res donata perveniat. quod si prius moriatur, cui res mortis causa donata est, res in iure permaneat donatoris. est et alia donatio, ubi donator obligat illum, cui donat, ut aliquid faciat aut non faciat, id est, si aliquid iubeat fieri, quod impossibile iudicetur, aut quod honestati contrarium videatur; aut si id ordinet fieri, quod honestum est et possit impleri: quia tunc infirmatur donatio, quando condiciones* honestatis possibilis impletae non fuerint.

mortis causa
donation is, where the donor, while he still lives, reserves to himself the thing which he donates, writing: if I should die before you, let my thing come to you,
so that afterward the donated thing may come to the one to whom he donates, not to the donor’s heirs. But if the one to whom the thing is donated mortis causa should die first, the thing
remain in the donor’s legal right. there is also another donation, where the donor obligates the one to whom he gives, that he do something or not do it, that is, if he should order
something to be done which is judged impossible, or which seems contrary to honesty; or if he should ordain that there be done what is honest and can be fulfilled: because
then the donation is invalidated, when the conditions* of possible honesty have not been fulfilled.

nam si inhonestae et impossibiles condiciones* ponantur, remotis condicionibus* firma donatio est. est item et alia, in qua sibi donator certum tempus possessionis reservat. quae tamen omnes donationes superius comprehensae si modum excesserint lege conscriptum, unde possint certae personae de immodica donatione proponere, hoc est si quartam sibi facultatis suae donator non reservaverit, non valebunt.

for if dishonorable and impossible conditions* are set, with the conditions* removed the donation is firm. there is likewise another [type], in which the donor reserves to himself a fixed time of possession. however, all the donations set out above, if they exceed the measure written by law—whereby certain persons may bring an action concerning an immoderate donation—namely, if the donor has not reserved for himself a fourth of his resources, will not be valid.

sed praeterea illa donatio contra legem est, si quis rem in lite positam, quae repetitur, aut recto ordine donet aut condicionem* contra bonos mores, hoc est causam cuiuslibet criminis, donator in donatione conscribat. minoribus vero si quid fuerit per donationem a quocumque* oblatum sive collatum, tutores vel curatores eorum debent studere, ne quid firmitati donationis desit. quod si eorum negligentia donatio ad effectum perducta non fuerit, ad eorum dispendium pertinebit, ita ut quicquid minores de donatione perdiderint, curatores vel tutores illis de propria facultate restituant.

but, moreover, that donation is against the law, if anyone donates a thing set in litigation, which is being reclaimed, or donates it without the proper order, or if the donor writes in the donation a condition* against good morals, that is, the cause of any crime; as for minors, indeed, if anything has been offered or contributed to them by donation by anyone* whatsoever, their tutors or curators ought to be diligent, lest anything be lacking to the validity of the donation. And if through their negligence the donation has not been brought to effect, it will pertain to their loss, such that whatever the minors have lost from the donation, the curators or tutors shall restore to them from their own resources.

in conscribendis autem donationibus hic ordo servandus est, ut donatio nomen prius contineat donatoris vel illius, cui donatur deinde res, quae donantur, sive in agris sive in mancipiis sive in quibuslibet rebus atque corporibus, nominatim in donatione conscribendae sunt, non occulte, sed publice, non privatim vel secrete, sed aut in tabulis aut in chartis aut ubicumque* legatur facta donatio. quam tamen donationem, si literas novit, donator ipse subscribat: si vero ignorat, praesentibus plurimis eligat, qui pro ipso subscribat: et hanc ipsam donationem gestorum solennitas et corporalis traditio subsequatur, ita ut, si mobilia donantur, praesentibus plurimis tradantur: si vero ager vel domus donatur, quod moveri non potest, ut inde donator abscedat et novo domino pateat res donata, si tamen sibi de his rebus usumfructum donator non reservaverit. gesta vero donationum aut apud iudicem aut apud curiam alleganda sunt

in the drafting, however, of donations, this order must be observed: that the donation first contain the name of the donor or of the one to whom it is donated, then the things that are donated, whether in lands or in slaves or in whatever things and bodies, must be written in the donation by name, not covertly, but publicly, not privately or secretly, but either on tablets or on papers or wherever* the donation made may be read. Which donation, however, if he knows letters, let the donor himself subscribe; but if he is ignorant, let him, with very many present, choose someone who may subscribe on his behalf; and let this very donation be followed by the solemnity of the gesta and by corporeal delivery, such that, if movables are donated, they be delivered in the presence of very many; but if a field or a house is donated, which cannot be moved, let the donor depart from it and let the donated thing lie open to the new lord, provided that the donor has not reserved to himself the usufruct of these things. The gesta of donations are to be filed either before the judge or before the curia

CTh.8.12.2

Theodosian Code 8.12.2

Idem a. aconio catullino proconsuli africae. si quis in emancipatum minorem, priusquam fari possit aut habere rei quae sibi donatur affectum, italicum sive stipendiarium fundum crediderit conferendum, omne ius compleat instrumentis ante praemissis et inductione corporaliter impleta. quod propter adtestationem fidei per eum servum, quem idoneum esse constiterit, transigi placuit, qui eo usque in statu suo permanebit, donec is, cuius facultatibus cesserit, annos laetoriae legis egressus legitimam compleverit aetatem, quo tunc demum, si eius integritas ac fides fuerit comprobata, si ita sederit possidentibus, libertatis praemium consequatur.

The same Augustus to Aconius Catullinus, proconsul of Africa. If anyone, in favor of an emancipated minor, before he can speak or have an affection/interest for the thing which is being donated to him, shall have judged an Italian or tributary fundus to be conferred, let him complete all right with the instruments previously sent ahead and with induction corporally implemented. Because, for the attestation of good faith, it has been decided that this be transacted through that slave whom it shall have been established to be suitable, who will remain in his status until he, to whose resources he has yielded, having passed the years of the Lex Laetoria, shall have completed legitimate age, whereupon then at last, if his integrity and fidelity shall have been proved, if it shall thus have been determined by those in possession, he shall obtain the reward of liberty.

dat. xii kal. mai.

dated on the 12th day before the Kalends of May.

serdicae sabino et rufino conss. (316 [?] apr. 20).

At Serdica, with Sabinus and Rufinus as consuls (316 [?] Apr. 20).

CTh.8.12.3

Theodosian Code 8.12.3

Idem a. ad cassium praefectum urbi. promulgatum dudum est donationes nullo alio modo firmas posse detineri, nisi apud actorum contestationem confectae fuerint. sed quia multi aliena vel non pleno iure ad se pertinentia donantes extra patriam et provinciam, in qua possident, acta conficiunt, placet, ut nulli liceat extra provinciam laremque suum donationum instrumenta apud acta allegare, sed in quo domicilium habuerit adque possessiones constitutae sunt, aput suum ordinarium iudicem vel, si eum abesse contigerit, aput curatorem municipalesve eiusdem civitatis.

The same Augustus to Cassius, Prefect of the City. It was long since promulgated that donations can be kept firm in no other way, unless at the attestation of the acts
they have been completed. But because many, donating things belonging to another or things pertaining to themselves not with full right, outside their fatherland and the province in which
they possess, have the acts drawn up, it pleases that it be permitted to no one, outside his province and his own home, to adduce instruments of donations into the acts, but in the place in which
he has his domicile and the possessions are established, before his ordinary judge, or, if it should happen that he is absent, before the curator
or the municipal magistrates of the same city.

nam si hoc praetermissum fuerit, nullam firmitatem habere donationes sancimus. dat. kal.

for if this has been omitted, we decree that donations have no validity. Given on the Kalends.

mai. roma sabino et rufino conss. (316 [?] mai.

May. Rome
with Sabinus and Rufinus as consuls. (316 [?] May.

1).

CTh.8.12.4

Theodosian Code 8.12.4

Idem a. ad bassum praefectum urbi. iuxta divi pii consultissimi principis instituta valere donationes placet inter liberos et parentes in quocumque solo et cuiuslibet rei liberalitas probabitur extitisse, licet neque mancipatio dicatur neque traditio subsecuta, sed nuda tantum voluntas claruerit, quae non dubium consilium teneat nec incertum, sed iudicium animi tale proferat, ut nulla quaestio voluntatis possit irrepere et collata inter ceteras exceptas cinciae legi personas obtinere propriam firmitatem, sive mancipationis decursa fuerit sollemnitas vel certe res tradita doceatur. quam legem ad lites volumus pertinere, quaecumque tempore iussionis nostrae inveniuntur esse suspensae et quae post futurae sunt, ne transacta negotio refricentur.

The same Augustus to Bassus, Prefect of the City. According to the institutes of the deified, dutiful, most judicious prince, it pleases that donations be valid between children and parents on whatever soil and of any thing wherein liberality shall be proven to have existed, although neither mancipation be said nor delivery have followed, but only the bare
will has been evident, which should hold no doubtful nor uncertain purpose, but bring forth such a judgment of mind that no question of will can
creep in, and, being conferred among the other persons excepted under the Lex Cincia, obtain its own firmness, whether the solemnity of mancipation has been run through
or certainly the thing be shown to have been delivered. We wish this law to pertain to lawsuits, whatever are found to be suspended at the time of our command
and those which are to be thereafter, lest business already transacted be reopened.

dat. non. oct.

Dated on the Nones of October.

constantino a. v. et licinio caes. conss. (319 oct.

in the consulship of Constantine Augustus for the 5th time and Licinius Caesar, consuls. (319 Oct.

7).

CTh.8.12.5

Theodosian Code 8.12.5

Idem a. ad severum comitem hispaniarum. data iam pridem lege statuimus, ut donationes interveniente actorum testificatione conficiantur. quod vel maxime inter necessarias coniunctissimasque personas convenit custodiri, si quidem clandestinis ac domesticis fraudibus facile quidvis pro negotii opportunitate confingi potest vel id quod vere gestum est aboleri.

The same Augustus to Severus, count of the Spains. By a law long since given we have decreed that donations be executed with the testification of the acts interposed. which most especially ought to be kept among necessary and most closely conjoined persons, since indeed by clandestine and domestic frauds anything whatsoever can easily be contrived to suit the opportunity of the business, or that which was truly transacted can be abolished.

cum igitur ne liberos quidem ac parentes lex nostra ab actorum confectione secernat, id, quod necessario super donationibus apud acta conficiendis iam pridem statuimus, universos teneat, salvo tamen iuris privilegio, quod liberis et parentibus suffragatur, scilicet ne traditionis vel mancipationis sollemnitas sit necessaria. dat. iiii non.

Since therefore our law does not exempt even children and parents from the drawing up of the records, that which we long ago necessarily established concerning donations to be completed in the records shall bind all, yet with the privilege of the law preserved which supports children and parents, namely, that the solemnity of tradition or mancipation is not necessary. Given on the 4th before the Nones.

mai. constantinopoli, dalmatio et zenofilo conss. (333 mai.

May. at Constantinople, Dalmatius and Zenophilus, consuls. (333 May.

4).

CTh.8.12.6

Impp. constantius et constans aa. ad celsinum. a venerabili parente nostro statutum est irritas donationes esse, quae actorum indicia non haberent, nec segnius etiam lenitudinis nostrae cura succedit.

the emperors constantius and constans, augusti, to celsinus. it has been established by our venerable parent that donations are void which do not have the documentary proofs of the acta,
nor does the concern of our lenity advance with any less zeal.

dat. viiii kal. ian.

given on the 9th day before the kalends of january.

marcellino et probino conss. (341 dec. 24).

under the consulship of marcellinus and probinus, consuls. (December 24, 341).

CTh.8.12.7

Theodosian Code 8.12.7

Idem aa. ad orfitum praefectum urbi. cum genitoris mei scitis evidenter expressum sit nullam donationem inter extraneos firmam esse, si ei traditionis videatur deesse sollemnitas et idem huiusmodi necessitatem liberis tantum ac parentibus relaxarit, in omnibus deinceps observari negotiis oportebit, ut donatio inter extraneos minus firma iudicetur, si iure mancipatio et traditio non fuerit impleta. dat.

The same Augusti to Orfitus, Prefect of the City. Since in my father’s enactments it has been clearly expressed that no donation among strangers is firm if the solemnity of tradition seems to be lacking to it, and the same has relaxed this kind of necessity only for children and parents, it must be observed in all dealings henceforth, that a donation among strangers be judged less firm if by law mancipation and tradition (delivery) have not been fulfilled. Given.

viii kal. mai. arbitione et lolliano conss.

april 24
in the consulship of arbitio and lollianus.

(355 apr. 24).

(355 Apr. 24).

CTh.8.12.8pr.

CTh.8.12.8, preface.

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. aureliano praefecto praetorio. donationes debere sortiri perpetuam firmitatem, quas corporalis traditio fuerit subsecuta, sancimus, ne ususfructus exceptio pro traditione possit intellegi.

Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, augusti, to Aurelianus, Praetorian Prefect. We decree that donations which bodily delivery has followed should obtain perpetual firmness,
lest a plea of usufruct be able to be understood as delivery.

qui enim post liberalitatem re donata perfrui concupiscit, hoc sibi quo voluerit modo, consignata videlicet possessione, debet praecipuum custodire, ne imperfecta vaccillet donatio. (415 mart. 23).

For whoever, after a liberality, desires to enjoy the thing donated, ought to guard this as the principal matter for himself, in whatever way he will—namely, with possession consigned—lest the donation waver as imperfect. (415 March 23).

CTh.8.12.8.1

Gestorum quoque confectionem sive ante traditionem sive post traditionem fieri oportebit, ut instrumentum, quo continetur munificentia, aput acta publicetur, in hac quidem urbe aput magistrum census, in provinciis vero aput provinciarum rectores vel, si praesto non fuerint, aput magistratus municipales vel si civitas ea vel oppidum, in quo donatio celebratur, non habeat magistratus, apud defensorem plebis, in qualibet civitate fuerit repertus: curatores enim civitatum ab huiuscemodi negotio temperare debebunt, ne tanta res eorum concidat vilitate. sed iam allegatas apud curatores donationes et gesta confecta valere necesse est, in posterum omnibus, quae statuta sunt, observandis, quoniam, si quid fuerit praetermissum, nullius momenti videbitur esse donatio. (415 mart.

Likewise the making of the records, whether before delivery or after delivery, ought to be effected, so that the instrument in which the munificence is contained be published among the acts: in this city indeed before the Master of the Census, but in the provinces before the governors of the provinces, or, if they shall not be present, before the municipal magistrates; or if that city or town in which the donation is celebrated does not have magistrates, before the Defender of the People, wherever he shall have been found in any city: for the curators of the cities ought to refrain from a business of this kind, lest so great a matter collapse by their cheapness. But the donations already alleged before the curators and the records already completed must be valid, with all the things that have been established being observed for the future, since, if anything shall have been omitted, the donation will seem to be of no moment. (415 mart.

23).

CTh.8.12.8.2

Gesta autem confici super rebus etiam alibi collocatis ubicumque sufficiet, ita ut traditio corporalis in locis, ubi res donata consistit, omni modo celebretur. dat. x kal.

But the acts may be completed concerning things placed elsewhere, wherever it will suffice, provided that corporal delivery in the places where the donated thing consists, in every
manner be celebrated. given on the 10th day before the Kalends.

april. constantinopoli dd. nn. honorio x et theodosio vi aa. conss. (415 mart.

april. at constantinople our lords Honorius 10 and Theodosius 6, Augusti, consuls. (415 mar.

23).

CTh.8.12.9 [=brev.8.5.2]

Impp. honor. et theodos.

emperors honorius and theodosius.

aa. monaxio pf. p. legis a nobis paulo ante latae cetera quidem cautio necessaria nobis admodum visa est, sublata vero in donationibus species traditionis, quam olim retentio ususfructus induxerat, non sine magna ratione desiderata est, quum observationem iuris contrahere potius quam propagare debeamus. ideoque ius pristinum renovamus, ut, quisquis rem aliquam donando vel in dotem dando usumfructum eius retinuerit, etiamsi stipulatus non fuerit, eam continuo tradidisse credatur, nec quid amplius requiratur, quo magis videatur facta traditio, sed omni modo idem sit in his causis usumfructum retinere, quod tradere. dat.

the Emperors to Monaxius, praetorian prefect.
as to the law a little before enacted by us, the other safeguard indeed seemed to us very necessary,
but the form of traditio (delivery) in donations, which the retention of usufruct had once introduced, having been removed, has been desired back not without great reason, since
we ought to contract rather than to propagate the observance of the law. And therefore we renew the former law, that whoever, in making a gift or in giving a dowry, shall have retained the usufruct of the thing, even if he has not stipulated, is to be deemed to have immediately effected delivery of it, nor shall anything further be required to make it appear that delivery has been made,
but in every way in these cases to retain the usufruct is the same as to deliver. Given.

prid. id. mart. constantinopoli, d.N. honorio a. xi. et constantio v. c. ii. coss.

the day before the ides of march, at constantinople, when our lord honorius, augustus, for the 11th time, and constantius, of clarissimus rank, for the 2nd time, were consuls.

interpretatio. quicumque* de rebus propriis servato usufructu cuilibet aliquid quacumque* donatione contulerit, vel in dotem dederit, et sibi usumfructum reservet, rem tradidisse cognoscitur; quia reservatio ususfructus, etiamsi stipulatio inserta non fuerit, pro traditione habetur

interpretation. whoever*, from his own property, with the usufruct preserved, has conferred something to anyone by whatever* donation, or has given it into dowry, and reserves the usufruct to himself, is understood to have delivered the thing; because the reservation of the usufruct, even if a stipulation has not been inserted, as delivery is held

CTh.8.13.0. De revocandis donationibus

CTh.8.13.0. On revoking donations

CTh.8.13.1pr.

CTh.8.13.1pref.

Impp. constantius et constans aa. ad philippum praefectum praetorio. liceat matribus, si impios filios probare se posse confidunt, publice adire iudicia.

The Emperors Constantius and Constans, Augusti, to Philippus, Praetorian Prefect. Let it be permitted to mothers, if they are confident that they can prove impious sons, to approach the courts publicly.

matrem autem ingenuam liberam libertam libertinam, cui scilicet civitatis romanae iura quaesita sunt, ita ut queri antiquo iure poterant, accipi audirique decernimus itemque filios filias ingenuos ingenuas, libertos libertas, libertinos libertinas, cives pari condicione romanos. secludimus mulierem, quae in secundi matrimonii foedus innubserit et unius tantum matrimonii mulieribus revocandarum donationum pro dimidia parte decernimus facultatem. hic autem, qui a matre impietatis arguitur, quidquid ex eo, quod titulo donationis tenet, eo die, quo controversiae qualecumque principium iussu iudicantis datur, habere repperitur, huius dimidium victo eripiatur.

a mother, moreover, whether freeborn, free, freedwoman, or libertine, to whom, of course, the rights of Roman citizenship have been acquired, is to be received and heard, just as they were able to complain under the ancient law; and likewise sons and daughters, freeborn men and freeborn women, freedmen and freedwomen, libertine men and libertine women, Roman citizens in an equal condition. we exclude the woman who has entered into the pact of a second matrimony, and we decree to women of only one matrimony the faculty of revoking donations for a half share. but as for the one who is accused by his mother of impiety, whatever of that which he holds by the title of donation is found to be in his possession on the day on which some beginning of the controversy is given by order of the judge, let half of this be taken from the defeated party.

ceterum quae ante adhuc matre pacifica iure perfecta sunt et ante inchoatum coeptumque iurgium vendita donata mutata in dotem data ceterisque causis legitime alienata, minime revocamus. (349 sept. 20).

But as for those things which earlier, while the mother was pacific, were perfected in law, and before the quarrel was initiated and begun were sold, donated, changed into a dowry,
given as a dowry, and lawfully alienated for other causes, we by no means revoke. (349 sept. 20).

CTh.8.13.1.1

Actionem vero matris ita personalem esse volumus, ut vindicationis tantum habeat effectum nec in heredem detur nec tribuatur heredi. qua re de ceteris vel alterius status vel portentosae vilitatis abiectaeque pudicitiae satis etiam tacite cautum putamus. quis est enim, qui his aliquid arbitretur tribuendum esse, cum etiam illis, quae iure, secundas tamen contraxerunt nuptias, nihil ex his privilegiis tributum esse velimus?

Moreover, we will that the mother’s action be so personal that it have only the effect of vindication, and be neither given against the heir nor granted to the heir. Wherefore, concerning the rest—whether of another status or of portentous vileness and cast-off pudicity—we think it is sufficiently provided even tacitly. For who is there who would deem that anything ought to be attributed to these, when even to those who, lawfully, have nevertheless contracted second nuptials, we wish that nothing of these privileges be granted?

dat. xii kal. oct.

dated on the 12th day before the Kalends of October.

limenio et catullino conss. (349 sept. 20).

in the consulship of limenius and catullinus. (349 sept. 20).

CTh.8.13.2 [=brev.8.6.1]

Impp. constantius et constans aa. ad philippum pf. p. avi nostri pro patribus firma lege sanxerunt, ut, si quid patres in liberos munificentiae titulo contulissent, si eos impios in iudicio declarassent, omne id esset revocandum, ne pietatis praemium apud scelestos et flagitiosos animos permaneret. dat.

The Emperors Constantius and Constans, Augusti, to Philippus, Praetorian Prefect. Our grandfather, on behalf of parents, sanctioned by a firm law that, if parents had conferred anything upon their children under the title of munificence, if they had declared them impious in judgment, all of it should be revoked, lest the reward of piety remain among wicked and flagitious minds. Given.

xii. kal. oct.

12th day before the Kalends of October.

limenio et catulino coss.

in the consulship of Limenius and Catulinus.

interpretatio. donatio in emancipatum filium a patre facta, si laesum pater se esse probaverit, revocatur. hic de iure requirendum de revocandis donationibus

interpretation. a donation made to an emancipated son by the father, if the father proves himself to have been injured, is revoked. here, in law, inquiry is to be made about revoking donations

CTh.8.13.3 [=brev.8.6.2]

Theodosian Code 8.13.3 [= Breviary 8.6.2]

Iidem aa. ad orfitum pf. u. si umquam libertis patronus filios non habens bona omnia vel partem aliquam facultatum fuerit donatione largitus, et postea susceperit liberos, totum, quicquid largitus fuerit, revertatur in eiusdem donatoris arbitrio ac dicione* mansurum. dat. v. kal.

The same emperors to Orfitus, prefect of the city. If ever a patron, not having sons, has by donation bestowed all his goods or some part of his faculties upon his freedmen, and afterward should have children, let the whole, whatever he shall have bestowed, return to remain under the discretion and dominion of the same donor. Given 5 before the Kalends.

april. arbetione et lolliano coss.

april. in the consulship of arbetio and lollianus.

interpretatio. si quis filios non habens bona sua vel partem bonorum libertis donaverit, et is, qui donaverat, filios postea habuerit, donationes in libertis factae ad integrum vacuantur

interpretation. if anyone, not having sons, has donated his goods or a part of his goods to his freedmen, and he who had donated has afterwards had sons, the donations made to the freedmen are vacated in full

CTh.8.13.4 [=brev.8.6.3]

Iidem aa. ad orfitum pf. u. si quis forsitan filiorum maternam munificentiam consecutus in matrem impius detegitur, non iam dimidiam portionem, ut ante fuerat iussum, rei donatae, sed omnem substantiam proprietatis amittat. matres vero, quae in secundas convenerint nuptias, reposcere vetamus a filiis, quae earum perceperint largitate. quin etiam identidem commonemus, alia omnia iuxta prioris legis tenorem debere servari.

The same Emperors to Orfitus, Urban Prefect. If anyone, perhaps among the sons, having obtained a mother’s munificence, is discovered impious toward his mother, let him lose not now the half
portion, as had previously been ordered, of the donated thing, but the entire substance of the property. But mothers who shall have entered into second marriages we forbid to reclaim from their sons what they have received by their largess. Indeed we repeatedly admonish that all other things ought to be observed according to the
tenor of the prior law.

dat. ix. kal. iul.

Given on the 9th day before the Kalends of July (June 23).

sirmio, datiano et cereale coss.

At Sirmium, in the consulship of Datianus and Cerealis.

interpretatio. si quis filius donatione matris aliquid fuerit consecutus et eam postmodum laeserit, probatis in iudicio laesionis causis, donationem mater, si voluerit, in integrum revocabit. quod si mater haec, quae filio donavit, ad secundas nuptias transierit, contra donationem per quamcumque* occasionem veniendi nullam habeat potestatem, servatis de reliquo legibus, quae sub titulo de secundis nuptiis continentur

interpretation. if any son shall have obtained anything by a donation of his mother and afterwards shall have injured her, the causes of the injury having been proven in court, the mother, if she wishes, will revoke the donation in full. but if this mother, who donated to her son, shall have passed to second nuptials, she shall have no power of proceeding against the donation on whatever* pretext, the laws being observed as to the rest, which are contained under the title on second nuptials

CTh.8.13.5

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. victorio proconsuli asiae.

The Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, and Honorius, Augusti, to Victorius, Proconsul of Asia.

maritus donationes, quas instabiles esse testatur, formata legibus repetat actione. dat. v kal.

the husband shall reclaim the donations, which he attests to be voidable, by an action formed by the laws. given on the 5th before the Kalends.

iul. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 iun.

July, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Theodosius Augustus for the 3rd time and Abundantius. (393 June.

27).

CTh.8.13.6 [=brev.8.6.4]

Impp. theodos. et valent.

The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian.

aa. ad senatum. post alia: donationem circa filium filiamve, nepotem neptemve, pronepotem proneptemve emancipationis tempore celebratam pater seu avus vel proavus revocare non poterit, nisi edoctis manifestissimis causis, quibus eam personam, in quam collata donatio est, contra ipsam venire pietatem, et ex causis, quae legibus continentur, fuisse constabit ingratam. quas tamen causas in cognitione discuti oportebit, et nostro admitti iudicio, quum hoc inter partes competenti visum fuerit cognitori.

the emperors to the senate. after other things: a donation concerning a son or daughter, a grandson or granddaughter, a great-grandson or great-granddaughter,
carried out at the time of emancipation, the father or grandfather or great-grandfather will not be able to revoke, unless the most manifest reasons are shown, by which it is established that the person upon whom the donation was conferred has come against piety itself and has been ungrateful on grounds which are contained in the laws.
which reasons, however, ought to be examined in a judicial inquiry and admitted to our judgment, when this shall have seemed fitting to the competent judge between the parties.

alias iubemus non audiri parentis querelas etc. dat. viii.

otherwise we order the parent's complaints not to be heard, etc. given on the 8.

id. nov. ravenna, dd. nn. theodos. xii.

on the Ides of November, Ravenna, under our lords Theodosius, 12.

et valentin. ii. aa. coss.

and valentinian 2, the augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. si quis filio, filiae, nepoti ex filio vel pronepoti ex nepote emancipationis tempore aliquid donaverit, id nisi probatis in iudicio manifestis offensarum causis revocare non poterit

interpretation. if anyone has given a gift to a son, a daughter, a grandson from a son, or a great-grandson from a grandson at the time of emancipation, he will not be able to revoke it unless, in court, manifest causes of offenses are proven

CTh.8.14.0. [=brev.8.7.0.] De ingratis liberis.

CTh.8.14.0. [=brev.8.7.0.] On ungrateful children.

CTh.8.14.1 [=brev.8.7.1]

Imppp. valent., valens et grat. aaa.

The Emperors Valentinian, Valens, and Gratian, Augusti.

ad praetextatum pf. u. filios contumaces, qui patres vel acerbitate convicii vel cuiuscumque* atrocis iniuriae dolore pulsassent, leges, emancipatione rescissa, damno libertatis immeritae mulctare voluerunt. dat. v. kal.

To Praetextatus, prefect of the city: they wished the laws, emancipation rescinded, to mulct contumacious sons—who had assailed their fathers either with the bitterness of reviling or with the pain of any* atrocious injury—with the loss of unmerited liberty. Given on the 5th day before the Kalends.

sept. ambianis, lupicino et iovino coss.

September at Amiens,
Lupicinus and Jovinus, consuls.

interpretatio. filii emancipati, si iniuriam patri gravem, quae probari possit, intulerint et convicti fuerint hoc fecisse, rescissa emancipatione in familiam revocentur

interpretation. emancipated sons, if they have inflicted upon their father a grave injury, which can be proven, and have been convicted of having done this, with the emancipation rescinded, let them be recalled into the family

CTh.8.15.0. De his, quae administrantibus vel publicum officium gerentibus distracta sunt vel donata

CTh.8.15.0. On those things which have been alienated or given by administrators or by those holding public office

CTh.8.15.1

Theodosian Code 8.15.1

.........Agrippina dixit: tw topw ekeinw ouk epagarxei. constantinus a. dixit: sed iure continetur, ne quis in administratione constitutus aliquid compararet, unde quidem nihil interest, an in suo pago an in alieno comparavit, cum constet contra ius eundem comparasse. et adiecit: ignoratis fiscale effici totum, quidquid administrantes comparaverint?

.........Agrippina said: in that place it does not take effect. Constantine Augustus said: but it is contained in law, that no one constituted in an administration should acquire anything, whence indeed it is of no interest whether he acquired in his own district or in another, since it is agreed that the same has acquired contrary to the law. And he added: do you not know that everything becomes fiscal, whatever administrators have acquired?

agrippina dixit: tou topou ekeinou praipositos ouk en: ega egorasa para tou adelfou autou, ide ai wnai. constantinus a. dixit: recipient a venditore codia et agrippina competens pretium. (.....).

Agrippina said: the praepositus of that place was not; I bought from his brother—behold the purchase-contracts. Constantine Augustus said: let them receive from the vendor the documents, and let Agrippina receive the appropriate price. (.....).

CTh.8.15.2 [=brev.8.8.1]

Theodosian Code 8.15.2 [= breviary 8.8.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad veronicianum vicarium asiae. post alia: damus provincialibus facultatem, ut, quicumque* sibi a numerariis, qui diversis rectoribus obsequuntur, conquesti fuerint aliquas venditiones extortas, irritas inanesque efficiant, et male vendita ad venditoris dominium revertantur, amissione etiam pretii illicitis ac detestandis emptoribus* puniendis.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Veronicianus, Vicarius of Asia. After other matters: we grant to the provincials the faculty that, whoever*, having complained that certain sales were extorted from them by the numerarii, who
attend upon various governors, may render them void and null, and that ill-sold things return to the seller’s dominion,
with even the loss of the price, the illicit and detestable buyers* being punished.

dat. xiv. kal.

given on the 14th day before the kalends.

iun. optato et paulino coss. haec lex expositione non indiget.

June. Under the consuls Optatus and Paulinus. This law does not require exposition.

CTh.8.15.3pr.

Theodosian Code 8.15.3, preface.

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad iovinum praefectum urbi. princeps cornicularius commentariensis numerarius et ordinarii per singula officia possessionum adque aedium nec non etiam mancipiorum comparationem sciant sibi esse praeclusam.

Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Jovinus, Prefect of the City. Let the chief cornicularius, the commentariensis, the numerarius, and the ordinarii in each several office know that the acquisition of estates and of houses, and likewise also of slaves, is barred to them.

sive igitur in ipsis provinciis, in quibus memorata officia sustinere noscuntur, constiterit eos esse progenitos seu in aliis, omni modo a praedictis comparationibus per provincias, in quibus militant, temperare debebunt. (364 apr. 11).

Whether therefore in the very provinces, in which they are known to sustain the aforesaid offices, it shall have been established that they were born, or in others, in every way from the aforesaid acquisitions throughout the provinces in which they serve they must refrain. (364 apr. 11).

CTh.8.15.3.1

Solas tamen res paternas memoratos mercari posse praecepimus, ita ut apud rectorem provinciae non minoribus pretiis, quam ratio aequitatis exposcit, venditio celebretur. dat. iii id. april.

Nevertheless, we have prescribed that only the aforementioned paternal goods may be purchased, such that before the rector of the province the sale is conducted at no lesser prices than the rationale of equity demands. given April 11.

constantinopoli divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 apr. 11).

at constantinople, in the consulship of the deified jovian and varronianus (364 apr. 11).

CTh.8.15.4

Theodosian Code, 8.15.4

Idem aa. senecae. post alia: vim illius legis aspicito eique pareto, qua proxime constitutum est, ut publicum munus agitantes nihil in suscepto mercarentur officio. dat.

The same Emperors, to Seneca. after other things: look to the force of that law and obey it, by which it was most recently established that those conducting a public duty should purchase nothing in the office undertaken. Given.

v kal. iul. valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

June 27, when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls.

(365 iun. 27).

(365 June 27).

CTh.8.15.5pr.

CTh.8.15.5 preface.

Idem aa. ad probum praefectum praetorio. omnis se turpibus nundinis administrator abstineat: idem sibi altior iudex, idem mediae dignitatis, idem quicumque vel minimus putet esse praescriptum. (365?

The same Augusti to Probus, Praetorian Prefect. Let every administrator abstain from shameful traffickings: let the same [rule] be prescribed for himself by the higher judge, the same for one of middle dignity, the same for whoever may be even the least. (365?

368? 370? 373?

aug. 3).

Aug. 3).

CTh.8.15.5.1

Codex Theodosianus 8.15.5.1

Nemo in provincia quam tuetur, donec in eadem commorabitur, aliquid comparandi sumat adfectum: similiter administrantium socii adque participes, quaedam enim uniuscuiusque portio videtur adsessor. patronos etiam fisci ab his contractibus iubemus inhiberi et qui principatum officiorum gerunt seu corniculum quique commentariensium nomine exosa miseris claustra custodiunt tabularios quoque provinciarum et urbium singularum pari condicione constringimus; identidem numerarii praefecturae vel vicariae potestatis observent. praeterea officiales adque municipes, qui exactiones quascumque susceperint, eos etiam, quibus vel discussionis indago vel negotium censuale mandatur, insuper principales, a quibus distributionum omnium forma procedit, curatores etiam lex ista contineat.

No one in the province which he guards, so long as he remains in the same, is to assume any disposition for acquiring anything; similarly the associates
and participants of administrators—for the assessor seems to be a certain portion of each man. We also order the patrons of the fisc to be restrained from these contracts, and those who hold the chiefship of the offices, or the Corniculum, and those who under the name of the Commentarienses guard the prisons hateful to the wretched; the tabularii also
of the provinces and of individual cities we constrain under the same condition; let the numerarii of the prefecture or of vicariate authority observe this continually. Moreover, the officials and the municipes who have undertaken whatever exactions, those also to whom either the pursuit of “discussion” (inquest) or the census-business
is entrusted, in addition the principales, from whom the pattern of all distributions proceeds, let this law also include the curatores.

(365? 368? 370?

373? aug. 3).

CTh.8.15.5.2

Verum si qui ex his medio muneris sui tempore vel privatim aliquid emisse vel publice detegetur, in irritum gesta revocentur, comparatores autem contra interdicta.....Mati non modo his, quae per semet ipsos vel per aliam fuerint empta personam, sive agri sint sive domus sive mancipia seu quaecumque mobilia, sed etiam ea pecuniae taxatione, quam dederint, exuantur. nec ullus inquirat, utrum civiliter rem actam constet an turbide. nec obsit propria reposcenti vel venditio interiecta vel largitas vel mentio ulla legati, nam utcumque in alterum res fuerit a comparatore translata, quam emi in officio non oportuit, liberum corporis persequendi praestamus arbitrium.

But if any of these shall be discovered in the midst of their term of office to have bought something either privately or publicly, let the acts be recalled into nullity, purchasers, however, against the interdicts .....Mati be stripped not only of those things which shall have been bought by themselves or through another person, whether fields or houses or slaves or whatever movables, but also of that assessment of money which they have given. And let no one inquire whether it is established that the matter was transacted civilly or turbulently. Nor let either an intervening sale or a largess or any mention of a legacy stand in the way of the one reclaiming his own property, for however the thing shall have been transferred by the purchaser to another—what it was not proper to have been bought while in office—we grant free discretion of pursuing the very body (the thing itself).

(365? 368? 370?

373? aug. 3).

CTh.8.15.5.3

Theodosian Code 8.15.5.3

Adiungimus autem, ut, si domini corporum venditorum, postquam emptores coeperint esse privati, quinquennio integro in repetitione cessaverint, continuo sibi fiscus usurpet, quae contra hoc vetitum vendita docebuntur. dat. iii non.

We add, moreover, that, if the masters of the sold bodies, after the purchasers shall have begun to be deprived, have been idle for a full five-year period in pursuing repetition (reclamation), let the fisc straightway usurp to itself whatever shall be shown to have been sold against this prohibition. dat. 3 non.

aug. sirmio valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365?

Aug., at Sirmium, when Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, were consuls.
(365?)

368? 370? 373?

aug. 3).

August 3).

CTh.8.15.6pr.

Theodosian Code 8.15.6 preface.

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. floro praefecto praetorio.

emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, augusti, to florus, praetorian prefect.

quicumque administranti provinciam provinciasve adque indifferenter sub quoquo apice potestatis quid donaverit, repetendi usque ad quintum annum proximum, ex quo idem privatus esse coeperit, habeat facultatem. (380 iun. 17).

whoever has donated anything to one administering a province or provinces, and, indifferently, under whatever apex of power, shall have the faculty of reclaiming it up to the fifth year next from the time when that same person began to be a private person. (June 17, 380)

CTh.8.15.6.1

Theodosian Code 8.15.6.1

Adque hoc scito nostro non unam iudicis personam comprehendimus, sed latius studio provisionis excurrimus. sive igitur ei sive eius uxori, filio filiaeve, nepoti nepti et deinceps in infinitum, indifferenter emancipato an in sacris agenti, patri matri, fratri sorori, socero socrui et qui in consilio erit domesticove, coactam quis, sui palam vi adhibita seu clam et latenter imposita, prompserit largitatem, eam non secus repetere queat intra ea quae praescripsimus tempora, ac si de iure ipsius nullo vel inchoatae alienationis titulo recessisset, ita ut ad repetendam possessionem ne denuntiatione quidem opus sit, sed sufficiat apud iudicem, cuius ea de re notio erit, docuisse tempus, quo liberalitas sit parata, quo patefacto non secus ad eundem possessio cum fructibus revertatur, ac si ex eius numquam iure migrasset. (380 iun.

And by this our decree we do not comprehend only the person of the judge, but we extend more widely in our zeal for provision. whether therefore to him or to his wife, son or daughter, grandson or granddaughter and thence to infinity, indifferently whether emancipated or engaged in sacred service, to father, mother, brother, sister, father-in-law, mother-in-law, and one who will be in his council or household, if anyone has proffered a largess coerced from him, force applied openly or imposed secretly and stealthily, he may reclaim it within the times which we have prescribed, just as if it had in no way withdrawn from his right nor under any title of even initiated alienation, such that for recovering possession there is not even need of denunciation, but it is sufficient before the judge, who will have cognizance of the matter, to have shown the time at which the liberality was provided, which once made clear, possession with fruits returns to the same person no differently than if it had never migrated from his right. (380 iun.

17).

CTh.8.15.6.2

Donatoris autem heredibus similem relinquimus actionem, si donator eo tempore obierit, quo adhuc in potestate is degerit, cuius obtentu videtur expressa donatio. sin autem donator superstes fuit, quamdiu is abierit potestate, tum heredum extinguimus actionem, maxime cum donator non stantem ab initio donationem taciturnitatis suae videatur firmasse consensu. dat.

But we leave a similar action to the heirs of the donor, if the donor died at that time when he in whose behalf the donation appears to have been extorted was still under power. but if the donor survived until the time when that person departed from power, then we extinguish the action of the heirs, especially
since the donor seems, by his own silence, to have made firm by consent a donation that was not standing from the beginning. Given.

xv kal. iul. thessalonicae gratiano a. v et theodosio a. i consulibus.

on the 15th day before the Kalends of July, at Thessalonica, when Gratian as Augustus for the 5th time and Theodosius as Augustus for the 1st time were consuls.

(380 iun. 17).

(380 June 17).

CTh.8.15.7

Idem aaa. floro praefecto praetorio. numerarii nihil emant, nihil contrahant.

Likewise, the same Augusti, to Florus, praetorian prefect: let the numeraries buy nothing, contract nothing.

et cetera. dat. xviii kal.

et cetera. given on the 18th before the kalends.

oct. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss. (382 sept.

oct. at constantinople, under antonius and syagrius
consuls. (382 sept.

14).

CTh.8.15.8

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. caesario praefecto praetorio. omnes, quos olim legum forma complectitur, amplissimae etiam potestatis nihil administrationis suae tempore aut emptionis aut donationis titulo consequantur.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Caesarius, Praetorian Prefect. All those whom the form of the laws has long embraced, even those of the most ample power, shall obtain nothing during the time of their administration under the title of purchase or of donation.

dat. iii id. iul. constantinopoli caesario et attico vv. cc. conss.

Given on the 3rd day before the Ides of July at Constantinople, in the consulship of Caesarius and Atticus, most illustrious men.

(397 iul. 13).

(397 July 13).

CTh.8.16.0. De infirmandis poenis caelibatus et orbitatis

CTh.8.16.0. On the invalidation of the penalties of celibacy and childlessness

CTh.8.16.1pr.

Theodosian Code 8.16.1 preface.

Imp. constantinus a. ad populum. qui iure veteri caelibes habebantur, inminentibus legum terroribus liberentur adque ita vivant, ac si numero maritorum matrimonii foedere fulcirentur, sitque omnibus aequa condicio capessendi quod quisque mereatur.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to the people. Those who under the old law were considered celibates shall be liberated from the imminent terrors of the laws and thus live, as if they were buttressed by the covenant of marriage in the number of married men; and let there be for all an equal condition of attaining whatever each one merits.

nec vero quisquam orbus habeatur: proposita huic nomini damna non noceant. (320 ian. 31).

nor indeed let anyone
be held childless: let the penalties proposed for this designation do no harm. (320 Jan. 31).

CTh.8.16.1.1

Quam rem et circa feminas aestimamus earumque cervicibus imposita iuris imperia velut quaedam iuga solvimus promiscue omnibus. (320 ian. 31).

We likewise assess this matter regarding females, and we loosen, indiscriminately for all, the commands of law imposed upon their necks, as if certain yokes. (320 Jan. 31).

CTh.8.16.1.2

Verum huius beneficii maritis et uxoribus inter se usurpatio non patebit, quorum fallaces plerumque blanditiae vix etiam opposito iuris rigore cohibentur, sed maneat inter istas personas legum prisca auctoritas. dat. prid.

However, the usurpation of this benefit will not be open to husbands and wives among themselves, whose fallacious blandishments are for the most part scarcely even, with the rigor of the law opposed, restrained; but let the pristine authority of the laws remain among these persons. given the day before.

kal. feb. serdicae, proposita kal.

the kalends of february at serdica, published on the kalends.

april. romae constantino a. vi et constantino c. conss. (320 ian.

april. at rome
constantine augustus for the 6th time and constantine caesar, consuls. (320 jan.

31).

CTh.8.17.0. De iure liberorum

CTh.8.17.0. On the right of children

CTh.8.17.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. ad caesarium praefectum praetorio. sancimus, ut sit in petendo iure liberorum sine definitione temporis licentia supplicandi, nec implorantum preces aetas vel tempus impediat, sed sola miseris ad poscendum auxilium sufficiat desperatio liberorum.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Caesarius, Praetorian Prefect. We ordain that, in seeking the right of children, there be license to petition without any limitation of time, and let neither age nor time impede the prayers of those imploring, but let the mere despair of children suffice for the wretched to ask for help.

dat. vii id. mai. constantinopoli arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss.

Given on May 9 at Constantinople, when Arcadius (4th) and Honorius (3rd), the Augusti, were consuls.

(396 mai. 9).

(396 May 9).

CTh.8.17.2

Theodosian Code 8.17.2

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. isidoro praefecto urbi. in perpetuum hac lege decernimus inter virum et uxorem rationem cessare ex lege papia decimarum et, quamvis non interveniant liberi, ex suis quoque eos solidum capere testamentis, nisi forte lex alia minuerit derelicta.

Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Isidorus, Prefect of the City. In perpetuity we decree by this law that, between husband and wife, the claim arising from the Papian law concerning tenths shall cease; and, although no children intervene, they may also take the whole from each other’s own testaments, unless perhaps another law has diminished the bequests.

tantum igitur post haec maritus vel uxor sibi invicem derelinquant, quantum superstes amor exegerit. dat. prid.

Therefore, after these things, let the husband or the wife leave to each other only as much as surviving love shall have exacted. Given, the day before.

non. sept. varane v. c. cons.

Nones of September. Varane, a most illustrious man.
Consul.

(410 sept. 4).

(September 4, 410).

CTh.8.17.3

Theodosian Code 8.17.3

Idem aa. isidoro praefecto urbi. nemo post haec a nobis ius liberorum petat, quod simul hac lege detulimus. et cetera.

The same Augusti to Isidore, prefect of the city. Let no one hereafter request from us the ius liberorum, which at the same time we have conferred by this law. And the rest.

dat. prid. non.

given on the day before the Nones.

sept. varane v. c. cons. (410 sept.

sept. under varanes, a most distinguished man, consul. (410 sept.

4).

CTh.8.17.4

Idem aa. iohanni praefecto praetorio. post alia: quod impetratum ius conmunium liberorum superstite catullino clarissimo viro minus allegatum esse cognoscitur, nec succedenti obesse permittimus nec ulli umquam in simili causa statuimus nociturum. et cetera.

The same emperors to John, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: since it is recognized that the obtained right of the common children, with Catullinus, a most illustrious man, surviving, has been insufficiently alleged, we do not permit it to prejudice the successor, nor have we determined that it shall ever harm anyone in a similar case. And the rest.

dat. xiii kal. mart.

Dated on the 13th day
before the Kalends of March.

ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 febr. 17).

at ravenna honorius 9 and theodosius 5, the augusti, consuls. (412 febr. 17).

CTh.8.18.0. De maternis bonis et materni generis et cretione sublata

CTh.8.18.0. On maternal goods and the maternal stock and with cretio abolished

CTh.8.18.1pr. [=brev.8.9.1pr.]

Imp. constantinus a. consulibus, praetoribus, tribunis plebis, senatui salutem dicit. placuit, salva reverentia et pietate sacris nominibus debita, ut potestas quidem et ius fruendi rebus liberorum suorum in sacris constitutorum, in maternis dumtaxat* facultatibus, penes patres maneat, destituendorum autem liberorum eis licentia derogetur.

The emperor Constantine Augustus to the consuls, praetors, tribunes of the plebs, and the senate, sends greeting. It has pleased, saving the reverence and piety owed to the sacred names,
that the power and the right of enjoying the property of their children who have been constituted in sacred orders, only in maternal assets, shall remain with the fathers, but that the license of disinheriting the children be withdrawn from them.

CTh.8.18.1.1 [=brev.8.9.1.1]

Cesset itaque in maternis dumtaxat* successionibus commentum cretionis, et res, quae ex matris successione fuerint ad filios devolutae, ita sint in parentum potestate atque dominio, ut fruendi pontificium habeant, alienandi eis licentia derogetur. nam maternum patrimonium, quod filiis in potestate constitutis obvenerit, quum patre mortuo sui iuris fuerint, praecipuum habere eos et sine cuiusquam consortio placuit.

Let the fiction of cretio, therefore, cease in maternal successions only*, and let the things which from the mother’s succession shall have devolved to the sons be in the power and dominion of the parents in such a way that they have the privilege of enjoying (the fruits), while the license of alienating is withdrawn from them. For the maternal patrimony, which shall have fallen to sons established under potestas, when, the father having died, they shall be sui iuris, it has been resolved that they are to have as a praecipuum and without anyone’s sharing.

CTh.8.18.1.2 [=brev.8.9.1.2]

Quod si pater suum filium patremfamilias videre desiderans, eum emancipaverit, repraesentare ei maternam debebit substantiam, ita ut filius accepto munere libertatis, reique suae dominus effectus, ne videatur ingratus, tertiam partem custoditae sibi rei muneris causa parenti offerat, aestimatione, si res dividi coeperint, bonorum virorum arbitrio permittenda, quam tertiam alienare quoque pater, si hoc maluerit, habebit liberam potestatem.

But if a father, desiring to see his son a paterfamilias, shall have emancipated him, he ought to promptly render to him the maternal estate, such that the son, having accepted the gift of liberty and having become master of his own property, lest he seem ungrateful, offers to the parent, as a gratuity, a third part of the property kept for him, the valuation—if the goods begin to be divided—being left to the judgment of worthy men; which third the father also will have free power to alienate, if he should prefer this.

CTh.8.18.1.3 [=brev.8.9.1.3]

Ante emancipationem autem parentes, penes quos maternarum rerum utendi fruendique potestas est, omnem debent tuendae rei diligentiam adhibere et, quod iure filiis debetur, in examine poscere, et sumptus* ex fructibus impigre facere, et litem inferentibus resistere, atque ita omnia agere, tanquam solidum perfectumque dominium et personam gerant legitimam; ita ut, si quando rem alienare voluerint, emptor* vel is, cui res donatur, observet, ne quam partem earum rerum, quas alienari prohibitum est, sciens accipiat vel ignorans. docere enim pater debet, proprii iuris eam rem esse, quam donat aut distrahit; et emptori*, si velit, sponsorem aut fideiussorem licebit accipere, quia nullam poterit praescriptionem opponere filiis quandoque rem suam vindicantibus. dat.

Before emancipation, however, the parents, in whose hands is the power of using and enjoying the maternal things, ought to apply every diligence for the safeguarding of the property, and to demand, in examination, what is owed by law to the sons, and to make expenses* from the fruits industriously, and to resist those bringing a suit, and to do all things thus, as if they were bearing full and perfect dominium and a lawful persona; so that, if ever they shall wish to alienate a thing, the buyer* or the one to whom the thing is given should observe not to receive, knowingly or unknowingly, any part of those things which it is forbidden to alienate. For the father ought to declare that the thing which he gives or sells is of his own right; and to the buyer*, if he wishes, it will be permitted to take a sponsor or surety, because he will be able to oppose no prescription to the sons whenever they vindicate their property. given.

xv. kal. aug. aquileia.

15th day before the Kalends of August, at Aquileia.

recitata apud vettium rufinum pf. u. in senatu non. sept., constantino a. v. et licinio c. coss.

recited before vettius rufinus, prefect of the city, in the senate on the nones of september, when constantine, augustus for the 5th time, and licinius, caesar, were consuls.

interpretatio. legis istius reliqua pars in aliis legibus continetur: hoc tantum de reliquis legibus plus habet, ut patres, qui filiorum res gubernare iussi sunt, negotia eorum summo studio et integritate agere procurent, ut nihil per negligentiam eorum filiis pereat, sed fructus rerum maternarum sine aliqua negligentia redigi vel vendi faciant, ut ex tempore competenti, sicut lex novella dicit, portiones suas filii sine aliqua imminutione percipiant. res filiorum patribus alienare non liceat, hoc est nec vendere nec donare.

interpretation. the remaining part of this law is contained in other laws: this alone it has more than the other laws, that fathers, who have been ordered to govern the goods of their sons
should take care to conduct their affairs with the highest zeal and integrity, so that nothing perish to the sons through their negligence, but that the fruits
of the maternal goods be collected or sold without any negligence, so that at a fitting time, as the novella law says, the sons
may receive their portions without any diminution. let it not be permitted to fathers to alienate the goods of their sons, that is, neither to sell nor to donate.

quod si fortasse praesumpserint*, emptor*, vel qui donator accesserit, grandi se sollicitudine et cura custodiant, ne filiorum res a patre venditas aut donatas accipiant, aut scientes aut etiam nescientes: sed compellant patrem, qui venditor vel donator fuerit, et filiorum res in sua retinet potestate, ut probet suum esse, quod tradidit. etiam ut suspicionem suam possit abstergere, fideiussorem a patre venditore percipiat, qui obligatione rerum suarum damnum emptori* non faciat: quia defuncto patre licet filiis res suas a quibuscumque* personis, sive venditae sive donatae a patre fuerint, in suum dominium revocare

but if perhaps they should presume*, the buyer*, or whoever has come forward as donee, let them guard themselves with great solicitude and care, lest they receive the sons’ things sold or donated by the father, either knowing or even unknowing; but let them compel the father, who was the seller or donor and retains the sons’ things in his own power, to prove that what he delivered is his own. also, that he may be able to wipe away their suspicion, let him obtain a surety from the father as seller, who, by the obligation of his own goods, may not cause loss to the buyer*: because upon the father’s decease it is permitted to the sons to call back their own things from whatever* persons, whether they were sold or donated by the father, into their own dominion.

CTh.8.18.2 [=brev.8.9.2]

Idem a. iulio severo. quum ad patrem aliquid ex materna successione interposita cretione pervenerit, et ad liberos maternarum rerum successiones defluxerint, ita eas haberi placet in parentum potestate, ut dominium tantum possessionis usurpent, alienandi vero licentiam facultatemque non habeant, ut quum aetates legitimae liberorum ad emancipationem parentes invitaverint, et patresfamilias videre liberos suos voluerint, tertiam partem maternorum bonorum eis filii tanquam muneris causa offerant; quam si suscipiendam patres putaverint, faciendae divisionis arbitrium permitti oportebit iustitiae bonorum virorum, per quos facta divisione tertiam partem oblatam parentes ita accipient, ut alienandae quoque eius partis habeant facultatem, si modo ullus potuerit inveniri, cui placeat hanc amplecti licentiam, quum omni modo filios conducat anniti, ut pio sedulitatis affectu mereantur accipere eam, quam patribus dederint, portionem. dat.

The same Augustus, to Julius Severus. When something has come to the father from the maternal succession, a cretio having been interposed, and the successions of the maternal goods have flowed down to the children, it is our pleasure that they be held thus under the power of the parents, that they usurp only the dominion of possession, but have not the license and faculty of alienating, so that when the lawful ages of the children shall have invited the parents to emancipation, and the fathers of families (patresfamilias) shall have wished to see their children such, the sons offer to them a third part of the maternal goods as by way of a gift; which, if the fathers shall have thought to be accepted, the judgment for making the division ought to be entrusted to the justice of good men, through whom, the division having been made, the parents will so receive the tendered third part, that they also have the faculty of alienating that part, if only anyone can be found to whom it is pleasing to embrace this license, since in every way it is expedient for the sons to strive, that by a pious affection of assiduity they may merit to receive the portion which they have given to their fathers. Given.

vii. id. sept. mediolano.

the 7th day before the Ides of September, at Mediolanum.

acc. non. oct.

received on the Nones of October.

constantino a. v. et licinio c. coss.

in the consulship of Constantine, Augustus, for the 5th time, and Licinius, Caesar.

interpretatio. materna bona filiorum defuncta uxore pater ita possideat, ut usumfructum de his habeat: sed quantum aut quam diu habeat, lex novella constituit: distrahendi tamen aut donandi ex his nullam pater habeat potestatem. sane si filium mortua matre emancipaverit, de bonis maternis, id est de emancipati filii portione ipse filius muneris causa de maternis bonis tertiam offerat portionem: quae tamen in ipsius proprietate mansura est ita, ut eam pater bonis viris dividentibus consequatur. si tamen tantum patris nomen ad hoc adduci potuerit, ut rem filiorum impia cupiditate suscipiat, aut aliis derelinquat: studere tamen filios decet, ut id, quod parentibus causa emancipationis obtulerint, servitio et pietate recipiant

interpretation. Let the father possess the maternal goods of the children, the wife being deceased, so that he have a usufruct in these: but how much or how long he shall have, the new law determines: yet let the father have no power of alienating or donating any of these. indeed, if, the mother having died, he emancipates a son, from the maternal goods, that is, from the portion of the emancipated son, the son himself, by way of a gift, should offer a third portion from the maternal goods: which, nevertheless, will remain in his own ownership, in such a way that the father obtains it, with good men partitioning. if, however, only the name of father could be induced to this point, that he take up the property of the sons with impious greed, or leave it to others: nevertheless it befits the sons to strive that that which they have offered to their parents for the sake of emancipation they may receive back by service and piety

CTh.8.18.3

Theodosian Code 8.18.3

Idem a. ad severum comitem hispaniarum. insinuatum est quosdam patres principalis coniugii copulatione destitutos in perniciem filiorum ultra misericordiam sanguinis properare et receptis deinceps aliis matrimoniis maiorem sibi in rebus filiorum vindicare personam: qui quoniam in his usufructuarii remansisse videntur, usurpare ea ac pervertere confidunt, ut per hoc his, qui in orbitate remanserunt, nulla nec possidendi nec litigandi tribuatur occasio. ideoque placet, ne quis pater receptis deinceps matrimoniis earum rerum, quae prioris coniugis fuerunt, sibi ius defendendum existimet nisi tutelae vice, donec minores probata aetate esse videantur.

the same Augustus to Severus, count of the Spains. it has been intimated that certain fathers, deprived of the coupling of a principal marriage, hasten, to the ruin of their sons, beyond the mercy of blood, and, after taking up other marriages thereafter, claim for themselves a greater persona in the affairs of their sons: who, since they seem to have remained usufructuaries in these matters, are confident to usurp and pervert them, so that by this no occasion either of possessing or of litigating is granted to those who have remained in bereavement. and therefore it is our pleasure that no father, after taking up other marriages thereafter, should think that the right concerning those things which were of the prior spouse is to be defended by himself, unless in the capacity of guardianship, until the minors are seen to be of proven age.

his autem moderatio nostra cuncta iubet servari adque restitui. proposita iii kal. april.

however, our moderation orders that all things in these matters be preserved and restored. published on the 3rd day before the Kalends of April.

constantinopoli optato et paulino conss. (334 mart. 30).

at constantinople, with optatus and paulinus consuls (334 march 30).

CTh.8.18.4

Theodosian Code 8.18.4

Imp. constantius a. ad dionysium. cretionis observantiam praecipimus removeri, per quam filii patriae potestati subiecti res ex materna hereditate vel ex diversis successionibus ad se devolutas antehac his, in quorum potestate fuerant, adquirebant et ut intra sextum annum facultates aliunde venientes .... ibe.. si quidem superstites sunt, sint patrum, intra praefinitum tempus defunctis quae ex materna hereditate vel generis materni devoluta sunt, ad proximos veniant iubemus, quoniam priorem nostram iussionem quae sine temporis distinctione filiorum successiones ad patres iusserat pertinere, aequitatis ratio corrigi persuasit.

Emperor Constantius Augustus to Dionysius. We order the observance of cretio to be removed, by which sons subject to paternal power used previously to acquire for those in whose power they had been the property devolved upon themselves from the maternal inheritance or from diverse successions; and that within the sixth year the resources coming from elsewhere .... ibe.. if indeed they are surviving, let them be the fathers’; for those who have died within the fixed time, the things devolved from the maternal inheritance or from the maternal line, we order to come to the nearest kin, since our prior injunction, which had ordered without distinction of time that the successions of sons pertain to fathers, the reasoning of equity has persuaded should be corrected.

si quis vero ex paterno genere vel amicis paternis quacumque ratione reliquerit, id simili iustitiae moderamine ad patrem aut ad patris genus pertineat, ut ex utraque familia manantes facultates singulis quibuscumque cessisse potius quam adeptae esse videantur. post emensum vero sextum aetatis suae annum adaeque sine eiusdem cretionis necessitate delatas sibi qualicumque successionis genere facultates ad eos, in quorum potestate sunt, iure patrio transmittant. proposita prid.

If, however, anyone has bequeathed by whatever means from the paternal stock or the father’s friends, let it, under a similar moderation of equity, pertain to the father or to the father’s stock, so that the assets flowing from either family may seem to have fallen to whatever individuals rather than to have been obtained. But after the sixth year of their age has been passed, likewise, without the necessity of that same cretio, let the assets delivered to them by whatever kind of succession be transmitted by paternal right to those in whose power they are. published the day before.

id. mart. heliopoli constantio a. ii et constante conss. (339 mart.

on the Ides of March, at Heliopolis, when Constantius Augustus for the 2nd time and Constans were consuls. (339 March.

14).

CTh.8.18.5

Theodosian Code 8.18.5

Idem a. ad leontium com. or. qui se patris negat heredem, defuncti avi suscipere facultates non potest, maxime emancipatus, nisi per bonorum possessionem ad huiusmodi beneficium pervenerit. et quod maternus avus relinquit, patri adquiritur, et si legatum fideiconmissumve esset solutum, bonorum patris effectum est.

The same Aug. to Leontius, count of the East: he who denies that he is his father’s heir cannot assume the faculties of his deceased grandfather, especially if emancipated, unless he shall have come to such a benefit through a possession of goods. And what the maternal grandfather leaves is acquired to the father; and if a legacy or fideicommiss had been paid, it has become part of the father’s goods.

quod si fideiconmissi dies legative iam cesserat, ad heredes patris petitio devoluta est. si vero filius familias ab avo suo materno heres ostenditur institutus, patre cernere iubente filioque cernente persona filii media hereditas pervenit ad patrem. dudum si quidem placuisse patet, ut possessio longi temporis in hereditatibus ad filios delatis inefficax esset adque patribus eas sola sollemnitas cretionis adquireret, sed excepta causa maternorum bonorum: ita adquiri non debere certissimum est, in quibus vis ac vocabulum cretionis expulsum est.

but if the day of the fideicommissum or of the legacy had already fallen due, the claim devolved to the heirs of the father. if indeed a filius familias is shown as having been instituted heir by his maternal grandfather, with the father ordering to enter (cernere) and the son entering, through the person of the son as intermediary the inheritance comes to the father. it is clear that it had long since been the decision that long prescription (possessio longi temporis) in inheritances deferred to sons was inefficacious, and that to the fathers they were acquired by the sole solemnity of cretio, but with the case of maternal goods excepted: it is most certain that they ought not to be acquired in that way, in which the force and the very term of cretio has been expelled.

nec vero dubitari potest, si priusquam legati vel fideiconmissi cederet dies aut iussu patris diceret cretionem, propriae potestatis effectus est, arbitrio suo eundem haec potuisse conquirere. dat. viii id. april.

Nor indeed can it be doubted that, if, before the day for the legacy or the fideicommissum should fall due, he has become of his own power, or if he were to declare cretion at his father’s command, he could, at his own discretion, acquire these same things. Given on the 8th day before the Ides of April (April 6).

limenio et catullino conss. (349 apr. 6).

limenius and catullinus, consuls. (349 apr. 6).

CTh.8.18.6 [=brev.8.9.3]

Imppp. grat., valent. et theodos.

Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius.

aaa. ad hesperium pf. p. quemadmodum maternas facultates venditione vel donatione transscribere in alias personas patribus non licet, ita ea, quae pater matris ac mater quaeque avus matris aut avia nepotibus pronepotibusve donaverint sive ab intestato reliquerint, patribus alienare non liceat. delatae vero ab extraneis sive ex transversa linea facultates, praeterquam ab his necessitudinibus, quas locuti sumus, patribus conferant, quicquid filiis positis in eorum potestate detulerint.

aaa. to hesperius, praetorian prefect. just as it is not permitted to fathers to transfer the maternal assets by sale or by donation into other persons, so those things which the mother’s father and mother, and whatever the mother’s grandfather or grandmother, shall have donated to grandchildren or great‑grandchildren, or shall have left ab intestato, it is not permitted for fathers to alienate. but assets devolved from outsiders or from the collateral line, except from those kinships of which we have spoken, let accrue to the fathers, whatever has been brought to sons placed under their power.

dat. prid. kal.

Given on the day before the Kalends.

aug. acc. iv. kal.

Accepted on the 4th day before the
Kalends of August.

sept. ausonio et olybrio vv. cc. coss.

september. when ausonius and olybrius, most distinguished men, were consuls.

interpretatio. pater uxore mortua filiorum bona ita possideat, ut ex his ei nec vendere aliquid liceat, nec donare, nec quolibet alio ordine alienare: similiter et quaecumque* avi vel proavi materni nepotibus neptibus, pronepotibus proneptibusve donaverint vel fortasse reliquerint, in alias personas transferre patri quolibet ordine non licebit. sane si quae extraneorum donatione vel munere filiis in familia positis facultates accesserint, vel alii parentes, quam qui supra nominati sunt, contulerint, id totum patribus acquiratur, ut faciendi ex hoc, quod voluerint, habeant potestatem

interpretation. the father, with his wife dead, may possess the goods of the sons in such a way that it is not permitted to him from these to sell anything, nor to donate, nor to alienate by any other order: similarly, whatever* maternal grandfathers or great-grandfathers shall have given to, or perhaps left to, grandsons, granddaughters, great-grandsons or great-granddaughters, it will not be permitted for the father by any order to transfer into other persons. indeed, if any resources shall have accrued to sons placed in the family by the donation or gift of outsiders, or other parents, than those named above, shall have conferred, let all that be acquired to the fathers, so that they may have the power of doing with this what they will

CTh.8.18.7 [=brev.8.9.4]

Impp. arcad. et honor.

Emperors Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. florentino pf. u. quicquid avus avia, proavus proavia nepoti nepti, pronepoti pronepti cuiuslibet tituli largitate contulerint, id est testamento, fideicommisso, legato, codicillo, donatione vel etiam intestati successione, pater filio filiaeve integra illibataque custodiat, ut vendere, donare, relinquere alteri aut obligare non possit, ut, quemadmodum ipse super his licentiam totius potestatis amittit, ita defuncto eo, filio filiaeve praecipua computentur, nec ab illis, qui ex patre sunt, consortibus vindicentur. supplicandi etiam in futurum contra haec licentiam summovemus etc. dat.

The Augusti to Florentinus, Urban Prefect. Whatever a grandfather or grandmother, great‑grandfather or great‑grandmother, by the largess of any title,
shall have bestowed upon a grandson or granddaughter, great‑grandson or great‑granddaughter—that is, by testament, fideicommiss, legacy, codicil, donation, or even by intestate succession—the father shall guard whole and inviolate for his son or daughter,
so that he cannot sell, donate, leave it to another, or encumber it; and just as he himself loses the license of full power over these things, so, when he has died, they shall be reckoned as a pre‑portion for the son or daughter, nor shall they be claimed by co‑sharers who are on the father’s side. We also remove for the future the permission of supplicating against these provisions, etc. Given.

id. oct. mediolano, olybrio et probino coss.

on the Ides of October, at Milan, Olybrius and Probinus, consuls.

interpretatio. quicquid ad nepotes vel pronepotes avorum vel aviarum maternarum munere vel testamento vel successione aut qualibet scriptura devenerit, id praecipuum, hoc est proprium post patris obitum vindicabunt, neque in coheredum communione mittendum est, quod avorum expressis nominatisque personis maternorum fuerit largitate collatum

interpretation. whatever to the grandchildren or great-grandchildren, by the gift or testament or succession or any writing, shall have come from the maternal grandfathers or grandmothers, this they shall claim as a special portion—that is, as their own property—after the father’s death, nor is it to be put into the communion of coheirs, since it has been bestowed by the liberality of the maternal grandparents upon the expressly named persons

CTh.8.18.8

Theodosian Code 8.18.8

Imppp. arcadius, honorius et theodosius aaa. anthemio ppo.

the emperors arcadius, honorius and theodosius, augusti, to anthemius, praetorian prefect.

certis annorum intervallis in bonorum possessione maternae hereditatis a patre poscenda aut successione amplectenda infantis filii aetatem nostra auctoritate praescribimus, ut sive maturius sive tardius filius fandi sumat auspicia intra septem annos aetatis eius pater aut bonorum possessionem imploret aut qualibet actis testatione successionem amplectatur, hac vero aetate finita filius edicti beneficium petat vel de successione suscipienda suam exponat voluntatem, dum tamen intra annum ad impetrandam bonorum possessionem praescributum uterque de possessione amplectenda suum prodat arbitrium. cretionum autem scrupulosam sollemnitatem, sive materna filio familias sive alia quaedam deferatur hereditas, hac lege emendari penitus amputarique decernimus. dat.

At fixed intervals of years, concerning the bonorum possession of the maternal inheritance to be demanded by the father or the succession to be embraced, we prescribe by our authority the age of the infant son, so that, whether earlier or later the son takes the auspices of speech, within seven years of his age the father either petitions for bonorum possession or, by any attestation in the acts, embraces the succession; but once this age is completed, let the son request the benefit of the edict or set forth his will concerning the acceptance of the succession, provided, however, that within the year prescribed for obtaining bonorum possession each of the two declares his decision about embracing the possession. Moreover, the scrupulous solemnity of cretions—whether an inheritance from the mother is offered to a filius familias or some other inheritance—we decree by this law to be corrected and utterly cut off. Given.

xvi kal. april. constp.

March 17. At Constantinople.

dd. nn. honorio vii et theodosio ii aa. conss. (407 mart. 17).

in the consulship of our lords Honorius for the 7th time and Theodosius for the 2nd time, the Augusti. (407 March 17).

CTh.8.18.9pr. [=brev.8.9.5pr.]

Impp. theodos. et valent.

Emperors Theodosius and Valens.

aa. ad senatum urbis romae. post alia: si uxor intestata defecerit superstitibus communibus filiis in patria potestate degentibus, utitur maritus prisco beneficio iuris ac legum circa usumfructum retinendum, quam diu filii in potestate consistunt, aut in praebenda filiis libertate circa trientem sibi ex constantinianae legis beneficio conquirendum.

the augusti to the senate of the city of rome. after other matters: if a wife has died intestate, with the common sons surviving who are living under paternal power, the husband makes use of the ancient benefit of right and laws concerning retaining the usufruct, as long as the sons remain under power, or, by granting liberty to the sons, of the third to be acquired for himself by benefit of the constantinian law.

CTh.8.18.9.1 [=brev.8.9.5.1]

CTh.8.18.9.1 [=Brev.8.9.5.1]

Si vero viva matre emancipati sunt filii, tunc demum, quia omni commodo destituitur pater, nec retinet usumfructum, viriles ei inter filios, seu unus seu plures sunt, ususfructus tribuimus portiones.

But if the sons have been emancipated while the mother is alive, then at that point, because the father is deprived of every advantage and does not retain the usufruct, we grant to him virile portions of the usufruct among the sons, whether there is one or more.

CTh.8.18.9.2 [=brev.8.9.5.2]

Si vero mulier moriens alios ex filiis emancipatos a patre, alios in patria potestate dimiserit, in casu dispari utitur maritus defunctae beneficio, quod casui utrique praescribimus, id est circa eorum quidem portionem, quos adhuc in sacris retinet, usumfructum ex legum auctoritate retinebit, et praemium debitae, quum volet, emancipationis accipiet: in eorum vero parte, quos exisse de potestate viva matre constiterit, usumfructum virilis inter eos portionis secundum praescripta percipiet.

If, however, a woman, dying, has left some of her sons emancipated by the father, others in the paternal power, in the unequal case the husband of the deceased avails himself of the benefit which we prescribe for each case, that is, as regards the portion of those whom he still retains in his sacra, he will retain the usufruct by authority of the laws, and he will receive, whenever he wishes, the reward of due emancipation: but as to the share of those who are established to have gone out of the power with the mother still alive, he will receive, according to what has been prescribed, the usufruct of a virile portion among them.

CTh.8.18.9.3 [=brev.8.9.5.3]

In nepotibus etiam vel neptibus hoc observandum esse censemus, ut maritus, qui uxore mortua, non exstantibus filiis, cum solis nepotibus vel neptibus ex hac lege ad emolumentum vocandus est, si unus vel una pluresve nepotes ex filio uno vel pluribus, qui in potestate defecerunt, procreati sunt, hoc iure utatur, quod de filiis constitutum est. nam licet hoc novum praesens lex constituat in nepotibus, non est tamen ab re, ut in hoc casu deteriores esse nepotibus filii non sinantur. habeat igitur avus veniens cum nepotibus in potestate durantibus usumfructum bonorum omnium, quae ex defunctae aviae successione delata sunt.

Even in the case of grandsons or granddaughters we judge that this must be observed: that the husband—his wife having died, there being no children extant—when he is to be called by this law to the emolument together with only the grandsons or granddaughters, if one or more grandsons have been begotten from one or more sons who have fallen out of paternal power, shall use that right which has been constituted concerning sons. For although the present law establishes this new provision regarding grandchildren, nevertheless it is not out of place that in this case sons should not be allowed to be worse off than grandchildren. Therefore let the grandfather, coming in with the grandchildren while they remain under paternal power, have the usufruct of all the goods which have devolved from the succession of the deceased grandmother.

quum vero iis quoque libertatem emancipatione largitur, similiter et ab ipsis, sicut de filiis constitutum est, trientem pro praemio manumissionis accipiat, vel, si ex pluribus alteros manumittit, alteros retinet, ex parte manumissorum trientem, ex parte vero in potestate manentium retineat usumfructum.

when indeed he also grants to them freedom
by emancipation, likewise also from them, as has been constituted concerning sons, let him receive a third as the reward of manumission, or, if out
of several he manumits some and retains others, from the share of those manumitted a third, but from the share of those remaining in power let him retain
the usufruct.

CTh.8.18.9.4 [=brev.8.9.5.4]

Theodosian Code 8.18.9.4 [= Breviary 8.9.5.4]

Quod si nepotes sint neptesve aut ex emancipato filio aut ex filia procreati, aut ab ipso in sacris avia vivente dimissi, idem avus virilis cum ipsis portionis habeat usumfructum. si vero ex nepotibus neptibusve tempore, quo in aviae successionem vocantur, alii in avi sunt potestate, id est mariti defunctae, alii sui iuris sint, circa personam quidem eorum, qui in potestate consistunt, et in usufructu consequendo et in triente ex emancipationis praemio conquirendo ratio supra dicta servetur: in his vero, qui sui iuris sunt, facultas capiendi ususfructus virilis inter eos portionis habeatur.

But if there are grandsons or granddaughters either begotten from an emancipated son or from a daughter, or dismissed by himself into the sacred orders while the grandmother is living, the same grandfather shall have the usufruct of the virile portion along with them. If, however, of the grandsons or granddaughters, at the time when they are called to the succession of the grandmother, some are under the power of the grandfather, that is, of the husband of the deceased, and others are sui iuris, then, with respect to the persons of those who stand in power, both in obtaining the usufruct and in acquiring the third as the premium of emancipation, the rule set out above shall be observed: but as to those who are sui iuris, the faculty of taking the usufruct of the virile portion shall be held among them.

CTh.8.18.9.5 [=brev.8.9.5.5]

Eadem autem et de pronepotibus sexus utriusque sancimus, manente definitione, quae de singulis sancita est, si filii sint pariter ac nepotes etc. dat. viii.

And we likewise sanction the same concerning great-grandchildren of either sex, the definition remaining in force which has been sanctioned concerning individuals, if there are sons equally as
grandchildren, etc. dated the 8th.

id. nov. ravenna, dd. nn. theodos. xii.

on the Ides of November, at Ravenna, under our lords Theodosius, in the 12th consulship.

et valentin. ii. aa. coss.

and Valentinian 2, the Augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. uxor si superstite marito defecerit, et omnes filios in patris potestate dimiserit, pater de maternis filiorum bonis usumfructum habeat usque ad illud tempus, quod lex novella constituit. quod si post matris obitum filios vel filium pater emancipaverit, de eorum portionibus, quos liberos facit, trientem a filiis pro collata libertate percipiat, iuri suo perpetuo vindicandum.

interpretation. if a wife, with her husband surviving, has died, and has left all the sons in the father’s power, let the father have the usufruct over the maternal goods of the children up to that time which the novel law has established. but if, after the mother’s death, the father has emancipated the sons or a son, from the portions of those whom he makes free let him receive a third from the sons in return for the conferred liberty, to be claimed as his right in perpetuity.

quod si superstite matre pater filium vel filios emancipaverit, quia non potest matre viva de filiorum portionibus vindicare tertiam portionem, necesse erit ut post matris obitum, si superstes pater fuerit, a singulis emancipatis filiis virilem, id est de uno mediam, de duobus tertiam, de tribus quartam percipiat portionem in usumfructum, quoad usque vixerit, possidendam. quod si aliqui filii viva matre a patre emancipati fuerint, et aliqui fortasse non fuerint, circa emancipatos vel non emancipatos eadem, quae superius comprehensa est, a patre forma servetur. quod si mortua uxore filii non fuerint, et nepotes vel neptes ex filiis avus paternus habuerit, qui omnes in avi potestate consistunt, eadem, quae de filiis, et circa nepotes in omnibus forma servetur.

but if, with the mother surviving, the father emancipates a son or sons, since he cannot, with the mother alive, vindicate a third portion from the sons’ portions, it will be necessary that after the mother’s death, if the father shall have survived, from each emancipated son he receive a man’s share, that is, from one a half, from two a third, from three a fourth portion in usufruct, to be possessed for as long as he shall have lived. but if some sons, with the mother living, have been emancipated by the father, and some perhaps have not been, regarding the emancipated or the non‑emancipated let the same form, which has been comprised above, be observed by the father. but if, the wife having died, there are no sons, and the paternal grandfather has grandsons or granddaughters from [his] sons, who all stand in the power of the grandfather, let the same form which is [set out] concerning sons be observed in all respects also regarding the grandchildren.

at vero si aliquos ex ipsis nepotibus avus emancipare voluerit, tertiam similiter, sicut et de filiorum partibus, accipiat portionem: nam et de pronepotibus similiter observari lex ista constituit

but indeed if the grandfather should wish to emancipate any of those grandchildren, a third likewise, just as from the portions of the sons, let him receive as a portion: for even concerning the great-grandchildren this law has likewise established that it be observed

CTh.8.18.10pr. [=brev.8.9.6pr.]

Theodosian Code 8.18.10, preface [= Breviary 8.9.6, preface]

Iidem aa. ad senatum. post alia: si sine liberis unus vel una moriatur e filiis, et superstitem fratrem vel fratres, sororem vel sorores et patrem relinquat, sive is emancipatus sive in potestate defecerit, eius portionem, quam ex bonis maternis vel undeunde iure quaesiverit, pater sine dubio consequatur, iugi dominio possidendam.

The same Augusti to the senate. After other things: if, without children, one—male or female—of the children should die, and leaves surviving a brother or brothers, a sister or sisters, and
the father, whether that one has died emancipated or under (paternal) power, that one’s portion, which from maternal goods or from wherever by law he or she shall have acquired,
let the father without doubt obtain, to be possessed in perpetual dominion.

CTh.8.18.10.1 [=brev.8.9.6.1]

Quod si novercam superduxerit, ea quidem, quae filius defunctus extrinsecus acquisierat, sibi habeat pater et perpetuo iure dominii possideat, bonorum vero ex matris patrimonio filio, qui defunctus est, quaesitorum solum usumfructum retentet, ad alios filios ex eodem matrimonio natos post eius obitum proprietate reditura. et si ante mortem filii domum secundis nuptiis occupavit, similem causam sequatur, ut filio extrinsecus acquisita perpetuo iure possideat, maternarum autem rerum eius solum usumfructum retentet.

But if he has taken a stepmother in marriage, indeed the things which the deceased son had acquired from outside, let the father have for himself and possess by a perpetual right of dominion possess, but of the goods procured for the son who has died from the mother's patrimony, let him retain only the usufruct, the ownership to return after his death to the other sons born from the same marriage. And if before the son's death he has occupied the household with second nuptials, let a similar case be followed, that he possess by a perpetual right the things acquired from outside for the son, but of his maternal things let him retain only the usufruct.

CTh.8.18.10.2 [=brev.8.9.6.2]

Quod si filius filiave exstantibus liberis adhuc positi in potestate defecerint, portionis eorum totius solum usumfructum morientis retentet, nepotibus, id est defuncti filiis proprietate servata. si vero nepotes tempore mortis maternae extra avi sint potestatem, ipsi illico in patris sui matrisve successionem vocentur etc. dat.

But if a son or daughter, with children existing and still placed under power, should have died, let the father retain only the usufruct of their whole portion of the dying, with ownership preserved to the grandchildren, that is, to the deceased’s sons. But if the grandchildren at the time of the mother’s death are outside the grandfather’s power, let they themselves be immediately called into the succession of their father or mother, etc. Given.

viii. id. nov. ravenna, dd. nn. theodos.

november 6, ravenna, our lords theodosius.

xii. et valentin. ii. aa. coss.

12. and Valentinian 2, the Augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. si amissa matre, patre superstite, unus vel una de filiis sive emancipatus sive non emancipatus sine filiis moriatur, pater mortuo filio in totam illius portionem iure succedit. quod si aliam uxorem duxerit, haec, quae de maternis bonis mortuus filius derelinquit, pater usufructuario tantum ordine possidebit; post eius obitum ad fratres mortui ex eodem matrimonio natos, quod ille de maternis bonis habuit, revertatur.

interpretation. If, the mother having been lost, with the father surviving, one of the children, male or female, whether emancipated or not emancipated, should die without children, the father, the son having died, by right succeeds to that one’s whole portion. But if he has taken another wife, those things which, from the maternal goods, the deceased son leaves behind, the father shall possess only in the capacity of a usufructuary; after his death let that which he had of the maternal goods return to the brothers of the deceased born from the same marriage.

aliunde vero filio, qui moritur, acquisita in proprietate patria residebunt. quod si filius vel filia vivo patre habentes filios moriantur, pater res nepotum, sicut filiorum iure usufructuario retinebit. si vero hi, qui moriuntur, emancipatus vel emancipata moriantur, in portionibus eorum in integrum filii sui sine ulla avi potestate succedant

But what is acquired from elsewhere by the son who dies shall remain in paternal proprietorship. If, however, a son or a daughter, with the father living, having children, should die, the father will retain the goods of the grandchildren, just as of the children, by a usufructuary right. But if those who die, male emancipated or female emancipated, should die, in their portions let their own sons succeed in full, without any power of the grandfather

CTh.8.19.0. [=brev.8.10.0.] De bonis, quae filiisfamilias ex matrimonio acquiruntur.

CTh.8.19.0. [=brev.8.10.0.] On goods which are acquired for sons under paternal power from marriage.

CTh.8.19.1 [=brev.8.10.1]

Impp. theodos. et valent.

emperors theodosius and valentinian.

aa. ad senatum. post alia: quum venerandae leges vetuerint patribus iure potestatis conquiri, quicquid eorum filiis avus avia, proavus proavia, alio modo a linea materna venientes quocumque* titulo contulissent: hoc quoque convenit observari, ut, quicquid vel uxor marito non emancipato vel maritus uxori in potestate positae quocumque* titulo vel iure contulerit sive transmiserit, hoc patri nullatenus acquiratur, atque ideo in eius tantum, cui delatum est, iure durabit etc. dat.

the emperors to the senate. after other matters: since the venerable laws have forbidden that fathers, by the right of power (potestas), acquire whatever their sons’ grandfather or grandmother, great‑grandfather or great‑grandmother, or otherwise those coming from the maternal line under whatever* title may have conferred upon them: it is agreed that this also be observed, that whatever either a wife to a husband not emancipated, or a husband to a wife placed in his power, under whatever* title or right, has conferred or transferred, this is in no way acquired to the father, and therefore will endure in the right only of the one to whom it has been conferred, etc. given.

viii. id. nov. ravenna, dd. nn. theodos.

the 8th day before the Ides of November, Ravenna, our lords Theodosius.

xii. et valentin. ii. aa. coss.

12. and Valentinian 2, the Augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. sicut id, quod avus vel avia materna nepotibus, pronepotibus positis in patris potestate donaverint, patri non acquiritur, ita et quicquid maritus uxori vel uxor marito in patris potestate positis donaverint aut testamento dimiserint, id ad patris dominium minime pertinebit, sed hoc sibi filii ad integrum vindicabunt

interpretation. just as that which a grandfather or a maternal grandmother shall have donated to grandchildren or great-grandchildren, being under the father’s power, is not acquired to the father, so also whatever a husband to a wife or a wife to a husband, being under the father’s power, shall have donated or have left by testament, that will in no way pertain to the father’s dominion, but the sons will claim this for themselves in full