Theodosius: Liber XIV

CTh.14.1.0. De decuriis urbis romae
CTh.14.2.0. De privilegiis corporatorum urbis romae
CTh.14.3.0. De pistoribus et catabolensibus
CTh.14.4.0. De suariis, pecuariis et susceptoribus vini ceterisque corporatis
CTh.14.5.0. De mancipibus thermarum urbis et subvectione lignorum
CTh.14.6.0. De calcis coctoribus urbis romae et constantinopolitanae
CTh.14.7.0. De collegiatis
CTh.14.8.0. De centonariis et dendroforis
CTh.14.9.0. De studiis liberalibus urbis romae et constantinopolitanae
CTh.14.10.0. De habitu, quo uti oportet intra urbem
CTh.14.11.0. Quibus militantibus ad urbem non liceat accedere
CTh.14.12.0. De honoratorum vehiculis
CTh.14.13.0. De iure italico urbis constantinopolitanae
CTh.14.14.0. De campo martio urbis romae
CTh.14.15.0. De canone frumentario urbis romae
CTh.14.16.0. De frumento urbis constantinopolitanae
CTh.14.17.0. De annonis civicis et pane gradili
CTh.14.18.0. De mendicantibus non invalidis
CTh.14.19.0. De pretio panis ostiensis
CTh.14.20.0. De pretio piscis
CTh.14.21.0. De nautis tiberinis
CTh.14.22.0. De saccariis portus romae
CTh.14.23.0. De patronis horreorum portuensium
CTh.14.24.0. De mensis oleariis
CTh.14.25.0. De frumento carthaginiensi
CTh.14.26.0. De frumento alexandrino
CTh.14.27.0. De alexandrinae plebis primatibus

CTh.14.1.0. On the decuries of the city of Rome
CTh.14.2.0. On the privileges of the corporati of the city of Rome
CTh.14.3.0. On the bakers and the Catabolenses (cargo-unloaders)
CTh.14.4.0. On the swine-dealers, cattle-men, and receivers of wine, and the other corporati
CTh.14.5.0. On the contractors of the city’s baths and the hauling-in of wood
CTh.14.6.0. On the lime-burners of the city of Rome and of Constantinople
CTh.14.7.0. On the collegiates (guild-members)
CTh.14.8.0. On the Centonarii and the Dendrophori
CTh.14.9.0. On the liberal studies of the city of Rome and of Constantinople
CTh.14.10.0. On the attire which it is proper to use within the city
CTh.14.11.0. As to which military men it is not permitted to approach the city
CTh.14.12.0. On the vehicles of the honorati (honored persons)
CTh.14.13.0. On the Italic right of the city of Constantinople
CTh.14.14.0. On the Campus Martius of the city of Rome
CTh.14.15.0. On the grain canon of the city of Rome
CTh.14.16.0. On the grain of the city of Constantinople
CTh.14.17.0. On the civic annonae and gradile-bread (panis gradilis)
CTh.14.18.0. On beggars who are not infirm
CTh.14.19.0. On the price of the Ostian bread
CTh.14.20.0. On the price of fish
CTh.14.21.0. On the Tiber boatmen
CTh.14.22.0. On the saccarii (sack-carriers) of the Port of Rome
CTh.14.23.0. On the patrons of the port warehouses
CTh.14.24.0. On the oil counters (mensae oleariae)
CTh.14.25.0. On the Carthaginian grain
CTh.14.26.0. On the Alexandrian grain
CTh.14.27.0. On the primates (leading men) of the Alexandrian plebs

CTh.14.1.0. De decuriis urbis romae

CTh.14.1.0. On the decuries of the City of Rome

CTh.14.1.1

Imp. constantius a. et iulianus caes. ad iulianum.

Emperor Constantius Augustus and Julian Caesar to Julian.

in decuriarum ordine insigni, cui librariorum vel fiscalium sive censualium nomen est, nequaquam aliquis locum primi ordinis adipiscatur nisi is, quem constiterit studiorum liberalium usu adque exercitatione pollere et ita esse litteris expolitum, ut citra offensam vitii ex eodem verba procedant: quod cunctis volumus intimari. ne autem litteraturae, quae omnium virtutum maxima est, praemia denegentur, eum, qui studiis et eloquio dignus primo loco videbitur, honestiorem faciet nostra provisio sublimitate ... tuave eius nomina indicante, ut deliberemus, quae in eum dignitas deferenda sit. dat.

In the distinguished order of the decuriae, which bears the name of the librarians or fiscals or censuals, by no means shall anyone attain the place of the first rank unless it has been established that he excels by the use and exercise of liberal studies and is so polished in letters that words proceed from him without the offense of fault: which we wish to be made known to all. And lest the rewards of literature, which is the greatest of all virtues, be denied, the one who by studies and eloquence will seem worthy of the first place our provision will render more honorable by an elevation ... with you indicating his names, that we may deliberate what dignity ought to be conferred upon him. Given.

vi kal. mar. constantinopoli; accepta id. mai.

on February 24 at Constantinople;
received May 15

romae constantio a. viiii et iuliano caes. ii conss. (357

at Rome, when Constantius Augustus (9) and Julian Caesar (2) were consuls. (357

[360] febr. 24).

[360] Feb. 24).

CTh.14.1.2

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. ad sallustium praefectum urbi.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to sallustius prefect of the city.

privilegiorum antea decurialibus concessorum firmitatem mutare nec volumus nec debemus; quin immo ea, quae primitus statuta perdocentur, etiam nostrae mansuetudinis sanctione permaneant. dat. iii id. iun.

We neither wish nor ought to change the stability of the privileges previously granted to the decurials; rather indeed, let those things which are clearly shown to have been established from the beginning also remain by the sanction of our gentleness. Given on June 11.

mediolano honorio n. p. et evodio conss. (386 iun. 11).

at Milan, Honorius, most noble boy, and Evodius, consuls (June 11, 386).

CTh.14.1.3

Idem aaa. trifolio praefecto praetorio. perire nolumus, quidquid aeternae urbi constat fuisse concessum; usque adeo privilegia vetusta servamus, ut nova, in quantum ratio permittit, beneficia praestare velimus.

The same, the three Augusti, to trifolius, praetorian prefect. We are unwilling to let perish whatever is established to have been granted to the Eternal City; to such an extent do we preserve ancient privileges
that we are willing to bestow new benefits, in so far as reason permits.

unde in defendendis decurialibus, quos binos esse ex singulis quibusque urbibus omnium provinciarum veneranda decrevit antiquitas, id observare debebis, quod vel priscorum principum constitutis vel nostris intellegis sanctionibus definitum. si quis vero decurialem de auferendis privilegiis putaverit lite pulsandum, intellegat se decuriae interpellare debere iudicem. dat.

whence, in defending the curials, whom venerable antiquity decreed to be two from each and every city of all the provinces, you must observe that which you understand to have been defined either by the constitutions of the former princes or by our sanctions. if anyone, moreover, should think that a curial ought to be pursued by suit concerning the taking away of privileges, let him understand that he must interpellate the judge of the decuria. given.

xiiii kal. feb. mediolano timasio et promoto conss.

14 days before the Kalends of February, at Mediolanum, in the consulship of Timasius and Promotus.

(389 ian. 19).

(389 jan. 19).

CTh.14.1.4

Theodosian Code 14.1.4

Imppp. arcadius, honorius et theodosius aaa. exsuperantio, iulio et ceteris decurialibus.

Emperors arcadius, honorius and theodosius, Augusti. to exsuperantius, julius and the other decurials

leges tam a superioribus principibus quam a divo patre nostro conditas nostra auctoritate firmamus. singulos itaque iudices scire volumus, ne quis huic collegio iniuriis corporalibus temptet notam adterere neque ab his commodis, quae rationibus adprobantur, audeat separare. huic etenim collegio volumus antiquam privilegiorum praerogativam servari.

We confirm by our authority the laws enacted both by the prior princes and by our deified father. We therefore wish each judge to know, that no one should attempt, by corporal injuries, to affix a stigma upon this collegium, nor dare to separate them from those advantages which are approved by the accounts. For to this collegium we wish the ancient prerogative of privileges to be preserved.

dat. viii id. iul. romae honorio a. vi et aristaeneto conss.

Given on the 8th day before the Ides of July, at Rome, when Honorius Augustus for the 6th time and Aristaenetus were consuls.

(404 iul. 8).

(404 July 8).

CTh.14.1.5

Codex Theodosianus 14.1.5

Idem aaa. curtio praefecto praetorio. cum tot et tam evidentibus praeceptionibus sacris iam inde ab antiquis principibus, nostris quoque rescriptis decuriae sint sacratissimae urbis privilegia confirmata, adtamen quae saepius statuta sunt, hac etiam lege firmamus.

The same Augusti to Curtius, praetorian prefect. Since by so many and so evident sacred precepts already from ancient princes, and by our rescripts as well,
the privileges of the decury of the most sacred City have been confirmed, nevertheless the things which have more often been decreed, by this law also we make firm.

et cetera. dat. vii id. april.

et cetera. given on the 7th day before the Ides of April.

ravennae honorio vii et theodosio ii aa. conss. (407 apr. [?] 7).

at ravenna, when honorius 7 and theodosius 2, the augusti, were consuls. (407 apr. [?] 7).

CTh.14.1.6

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. bonosiano praefecto urbi. vellemus privilegia augere decuriae, nisi genus esset iniuriae antiquitati aliquid sociare.

The Emperors honorius and theodosius, Augusti, to Bonosianus, Prefect of the City. We would wish to augment the privileges of the decuria, were it not a kind of injury to associate anything with antiquity.

quare cuncti cognoscant quinque libras auri multae nomine propositas, si quo in loco eorum actibus ullius persona obrepere forte temptaverit. emolumenta omnia per diversos erepta redhiberi decernimus. in eos sane, qui contra divalia statuta venisse dicuntur, spectabilis vicarius africae vindictam ferre curabit.

Wherefore let all know that five pounds of gold are set forth in the name of a fine, if in any place in their acts the persona of anyone should by chance attempt to creep in. We decree that all emoluments snatched away through various intermediaries are to be restored. As for those, indeed, who are said to have acted against the divine statutes, the Spectabilis Vicar of Africa will take care to bring punishment upon them.

dat. vii kal. octob.

dated on the 7th day before the Kalends of October (September 25).

ravennae honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss. (409 sept. 25).

at ravenna, in the consulship of honorius for the 8th time and theodosius for the 3rd, emperors. (409 sept. 25).

CTh.14.2.0. De privilegiis corporatorum urbis romae

CTh.14.2.0. On the privileges of the corporations of the city of rome

CTh.14.2.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. ea privilegia, quibus pro reverentia urbis aeternae varia corpora hominum vel priscarum legum cautio vel antecedentium principum fovit humanitas, magnifica sinceritas tua sciat vel confirmata esse arbitrio serenitatis nostrae vel, si in aliqua parte titubaverint, restituta.

Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Let your Magnificent Sincerity know that those privileges, with which, out of reverence for the Eternal City, the various corporate bodies of men have been fostered either by the provision of ancient laws or by the humanity of preceding princes, have either been confirmed by the discretion of Our Serenity, or, if they have faltered in any part, have been restored.

dat. kal. iun.

Dated on the Kalends of June.

bonamansione, proposita in foro traiani divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 iun. 1).

At Bonamansio, posted in the Forum of Trajan under the consuls the deified Jovian and Varronianus. (June 1, 364)

CTh.14.2.2

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. ad alypium praefectum urbi.

Emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, Augusti, to alypium, prefect of the city.

nulli sit liberum, nulli permissum, ut novum aliquid urbis incolae in urbe sustineant. dat. prid.

Let it be free to no one, permitted to no one, for the inhabitants of the city
to sustain anything novel in the city. Given the day before.

id. iul. aquileiae tatiano et symmacho conss. (391 iul.

on the ides of july at aquileia, in the consulship of tatianus and symmachus, consuls. (391 jul.

14).

CTh.14.2.3

Theodosian Code 14.2.3

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. florentino praefecto urbi. in honorem aeternae urbis corporatis indulta suffragia valere praecipimus.

Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Florentinus, Prefect of the City. In honor of the Eternal City, we command that the suffrages granted to the corporati are to be in force.

et cetera. dat. xv kal.

and
etcetera. given, on the 15th day before the Kalends.

april. mediolano caesario et attico conss. (397 mart.

april. at Milan, with Caesarius and Atticus, consuls. (397 march.

18).

CTh.14.2.4

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. palmato praefecto urbi. cura rectorum provinciarum corporati urbis romae, qui in peregrina transgressi sunt, redire cogantur, ut servire possint functionibus, quas imposuit antiqua sollemnitas.

the emperors honorius and theodosius, augusti, to palmatus, prefect of the city. see to it that the rectors of the provinces compel the corporati of the city of rome, who have crossed into foreign parts, to return, so that they may be able to serve the functions which ancient solemnity has imposed.

dat. iiii kal. april.

given on March 29.

ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 mart. 29).

At Ravenna, in the consulship of Honorius for the 9th time and
Theodosius for the 5th, Augusti, consuls. (March 29, 412).

CTh.14.3.0. De pistoribus et catabolensibus

CTh.14.3.0. Concerning bakers and catabolenses

CTh.14.3.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad profuturum praefectum annonae. cunctis pistoribus intimari oportet, quod, si quis forte possessiones suas ideo putaverit in alios transferendas, ut postea se, rebus in abdito collocatis, minus idoneum adseveret, tamquam in locum eius alio subrogando, nihil ei haec astutia nec detestabilia commenta profutura sunt, sed in obsequio pistrini sine ulla excusatione durabit nec ad eius iura revocabuntur, si quas emptiones transcripserit.

emperor constantine augustus to profuturus, prefect of the annona. it must be intimated to all bakers that, if anyone should perchance think his estates are therefore to be transferred to others, so that afterwards, with his goods placed in hiding, he may assert himself less suitable, as though another were to be subrogated in his place, this astuteness and these detestable contrivances will profit him nothing, but he will remain in the obsequy of the pistrinum without any excuse, nor will they be recalled to his rights, if he has transferred any purchases.

proposita id. aug. constantino a. v et licinio caes. conss.

published on the Ides of August, under Constantine Augustus, for the 5th time, and Licinius Caesar, consuls.

(319 aug. 13).

(August 13, 319).

CTh.14.3.2

Imp. constantius a. ad orfitum praefectum urbi. si quis pistoris filiam suo coniugio crediderit esse sociandam, pistrini consortio teneatur obnoxius et familiae pistoris adnexus oneribus etiam parere cogatur.

The Emperor Constantius Augustus to Orfitus, prefect of the city. If anyone shall have believed that a baker’s daughter is to be joined to his own marriage, let him be held liable to the consortium of the bakehouse and, being annexed to the baker’s familia, be compelled also to submit to its burdens.

et quoniam necessarium corpus fovendum est, patronos pistoribus constitutos ad altera functionis officia prohibeo devocari caudicariorum corpori minime de cetero copulandos, ut aliis necessitatibus absoluti eam tantummodo functionem liberae mentis nisibus exsequantur. dat. prid.

and since the necessary corpus must be fostered, I forbid the patrons constituted for the bakers to be called away to other offices of function, and they are by no means henceforth to be joined to the corpus of the caudicarii, so that, released from other necessities, they may execute that function alone by the efforts of a free mind. Given, the day before.

non. iul. mediolano arbitione et lolliano conss.

The Nones of July, at Milan, in the consulship of Arbitio and Lollianus.

(355 iul. 6).

(355 Jul. 6).

CTh.14.3.3pr.

Codex Theodosianus 14.3.3 preface.

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. praedia rustica vel urbana, quae possident privato iure pistores, nec senatorem nec officialem comparare permittimus, contractu pari cum aliis non interdicto; quippe mercantes ad venditoris officium vocabuntur super hac emptione aput praefectum annonae testatione deposita.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Rustic or urban estates which the bakers possess by private right we do not permit either a senator or an official to acquire, a like contract with others not being interdicted; for indeed the merchants/buyers shall be summoned to the seller’s officium concerning this purchase, a testimony having been deposited before the Prefect of the Annona.

(364 iun. 2).

(June 2, 364).

CTh.14.3.3.1

In donationibus vero filii excepti sunt et nepotes, eodem loco positis omnibus, qui qualibet proximitate iunguntur, quibus ideo non dempsimus beneficium largitatis, quia et paneficii necessitatem suscipere successionis iure coguntur. (364 iun. 2).

In donations, however, sons and grandsons are excepted, with all who are joined by any propinquity being placed in the same position; to whom therefore we have not taken away the beneficium of largess, because they too are compelled by the right of succession to assume the necessity of the paneficium. (364 iun. 2).

CTh.14.3.3.2

Haec forma servabitur et in testamentis aut donatione vel novissima voluntate, ut in extraneos collata non valeant, nisi pistoris officium sponte susceperint qui pistorum sunt munificentiam consecuti. dat. iiii non.

This form shall also be observed in testaments or in a donation or in a last will, so that those conferred upon outsiders shall not be valid, unless those who have obtained the munificence of the bakers have assumed the baker’s office
voluntarily. given on the 4th day before the Nones.

iun. naissi divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 iun.

Jun., at Naissus, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus, consuls. (364 Jun.

2).

CTh.14.3.4

Theodosian Code 14.3.4

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. optio concessa est his, qui e pistoribus facti sunt senatores, ut aut studio facultatum aut splendidissimo ordine segregati sint. quod si fuerint cupidi dignitatis, in tantam paneficii substantiam idoneos de suis subrogare cogantur, quantam ipsi exhibuere pistores.

The same Augusti to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. An option has been granted to those who, having from the bakers been made senators, that either by the devotion of their resources they be segregated for the bread-making service, or be segregated from the most splendid order. But if they are desirous of the dignity, they are to be compelled to subrogate from their own people suitable persons into so great a quota of the panificium as they themselves, as bakers, furnished.

dat. viii id. iun. naissi divo ioviano et varroniano conss.

Given on 6 June at Naissus, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus.

(364 iun. 6).

(364 June 6).

CTh.14.3.5

Theodosian Code 14.3.5

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. filios pistorum, qui in parvula aetate relinquuntur, usque ad vicesimum annum aetatis a pistrini sollicitudine defendi iubemus. sane periculo totius corporis subrogari convenit pistores idoneos pro pupillis, sub hac videlicet condicione, ut post emensum vicesimum annum aetatis paterni muneris necessitatem subire cogantur, nihilo minus permanentibus pistoribus his, quos in locum eorum constat substitutos.

The same Emperors to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. We order that the sons of bakers, who are left at a very tender age, up to the twentieth year of age be from the solicitude of the bakehouse defended. Indeed, it is proper, at the peril of the whole corporation, that suitable bakers be subrogated on behalf of the wards, under this, namely, condition: that, after the twentieth year of age has been passed, they be compelled to undergo the necessity of the paternal munus, nonetheless with the bakers remaining who are established as having been substituted in their place.

dat. vi id. ian. naissi divo ioviano et varroniano conss.

Given on 8 January at Naissus, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus.

(364 ian. 8).

(364 jan. 8).

CTh.14.3.6

Theodosian Code 14.3.6

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. nulli liceat pistorum supplicatione delata subterfugiendi muneris impetrare licentiam. dat.

The same emperors to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Let no one be allowed, upon a supplication of the bakers being brought forward, to obtain a license for evading the munus. Given.

vi id. ian. naissi divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 ian.

6
the 6th day before the Ides of January at Naissus, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus. (364 Jan.

8).

CTh.14.3.7

Codex Theodosianus 14.3.7

Idem aa. ad viventium praefectum urbi. post quinquenni tempus emensum unus prior e patronis pistorum otio et quiete donetur, ita ut ei qui sequitur officinam cum animalibus servis molis fundis dotalibus, pistrinorum postremo omnem enthecam tradat adque consignet. dat.

The same emperors to Viventius, prefect of the city. After a five-year span has elapsed, one prior among the patrons of the bakers shall be granted leisure and quiet, on condition that to him
who succeeds he deliver and consign the workshop together with the animals, slaves, mills, dotal funds, and, finally, all the inventory of the bakeries. Given.

viii id. octob. altino divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364

on the 8th day before the Ides of October, at Altinum, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus, consuls. (364

[367] oct. 8).

[367] Oct. 8).

CTh.14.3.8

Theodosian Code 14.3.8

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. in speculis erit officium sinceritatis tuae, ne cui, qui semel pistorum corpori fuerit deputatus, abscedendi qualibet ratione copia facultasque tribuatur, etiamsi ad absolutionem eius pistorum omnium laboret adsensus et consessus convenisse videatur. ne illud quidem cuiquam concedi oportet, ut ab officina ad aliam possit transitum facere.

The same Augusti to Symmachus, prefect of the city. The duty of Your Sincerity will be on watch, lest to anyone who has once been assigned to the corporation of bakers the means and opportunity of withdrawing by any manner of pretext be granted, even if the assent and session of all the bakers should seem to have converged to labor for his absolution. Not even this ought to be granted to anyone, that he be able to make a transition from one workshop to another.

dat. xviii kal. feb.

given on the 18th day before the Kalends of February.

mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 ian. 15).

At Milan, Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, consuls. (365 Jan. 15).

CTh.14.3.9

Codex Theodosianus 14.3.9

Idem aa. ad olybrium praefectum urbi. ex libertinis catabolensium corpori statuimus sociari eum, cuius tota substantia triginta librarum argenti aestimatione colligitur. idque pondus sive ipsum per se habet seu in aliis quibuscumque speciebus vel in aedificiis adque agris dictae adscriptionis merita non transit, iubemus ab inquietudine istius molestiae segregari.

The same Augusti to Olybrius, Prefect of the City. From among freedmen we decree to be associated to the body (corporation) of the Catabolenses him whose entire substance is collected by an appraisal of thirty pounds of silver. And if that weight, whether he has it itself by itself or in whatever other kinds or in buildings and fields, does not cross the grounds of the said enrollment, we order him to be separated from the disquiet of this vexation.

dat. iii kal. april.

dated on the 3rd day before the Kalends of April.

treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (368? 370?

at Trier, Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, consuls (368? 370?

mart. 30).

March 30).

CTh.14.3.10

Theodosian Code 14.3.10

Idem aa. ad olybrium praefectum urbi. libertini, qui a dominis cuiuscumque honoris aut meriti aliquid testamento vel donatione meruerunt, si aliqua pistrinis obnoxia consecuti sunt, pistorum corpori copulentur. si vero libera ab hoc nexu isdem sunt corporibus derelicta, catabolensium necessitatibus obsequantur.

The same Emperors to Olybrius, Prefect of the City. Freedmen who from their masters, by testament or donation, have obtained any benefit, whether of rank or emolument, if they have acquired any things subject to the bakehouses, are to be joined to the corporation of the bakers.
But if things left to them are free from this bond to those same corporations, let them comply with the requirements of the Catabolenses.

quin etiam si qui ex his aliis se corporibus crediderint inserendos, ab his incunctanter abstracti ei, cui hac lege sociati sunt, muneri deputentur. si autem a clarissimis viris aliquos acceperint fundos, sic praedicto corpori pareant, ut glebae, ex qua lucrata ea sunt corpora, nullum praeiudicium comparetur. dat.

Nay indeed, if any of these have believed that they should be inserted into other bodies, let them be unhesitatingly abstracted from these and be assigned to the duty of him to whom they have been associated by this law. But if they shall have received any estates from men of senatorial rank (clarissimi), let them obey the aforesaid body in such a way that no prejudice be incurred to the glebe (soil/estate), from which those bodies were gained. Given.

non. iul., lecta in pantheo non. nov.

on the Nones of July, read in the Pantheon on the Nones of November.

valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (368? 370?

valentinian
and valens, the augusti, consuls. (368? 370?

iul. 7).

July 7).

CTh.14.3.11

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. hac sanctione generaliter edicimus nulli omnino ad ecclesias ob declinanda pistrina licentiam pandi. quod si quis ingressus erit, amputato privilegio christianitatis sciat se omni tempore ad consortium pistorum et posse et debere revocari.

The same emperors to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. By this sanction we generally decree that no license at all be opened to anyone to the churches for the sake of avoiding the bakeries. But if anyone shall have entered, with the privilege of Christianity cut off, let him know that at every time he both can and ought to be recalled to the consortium of the bakers.

dat. v kal. octob.

Dated the 5th day before the Kalends of October (September 27).

aquileiae valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365 sept. 27).

at aquileia, in the consulship of valentinian and valens, the emperors. (365 sept. 27).

CTh.14.3.12

Theodosian Code 14.3.12

Idem aa. ad claudium proconsulem africae. secundum parentis nostri constantini divale praeceptum omnibus lustris pistores ex officio, quod ei corpori constat addictum, ad urbem sacratissimam destinentur. in quo illud convenit praecaveri, ne quis hanc, quae personalis est, functionem pretio putet esse taxandam.

The same emperors to Claudius, proconsul of Africa. According to the divine precept of our parent Constantine, at every lustrum the bakers from the office, which is known to be bound to that body, are to be assigned to the most sacred City, in which it is fitting that this be guarded against: that no one think this duty, which is personal, ought to be assessed by a price.

veniant suo tempore, quos causa constringit et ita veniant, ut eos officium, quod tibi paret, pistorum patronis adque annonae praefecto aput publica monumenta consignet. quod si quis iudicum statuto tempore personam, quae est destinanda, non miserit, ipse profecto remanebit obnoxius functioni, cui subtraxisse probatur obnoxium. in officium quoque poena competens exeretur, quod aut dissimulatione neglexerit aut fraude subtraxerit iudicem suum super vi legis et consuetudinis admonere.

Let those whom the cause binds come at their proper time, and let them so come that the staff, which serves you, may consign them with the patrons of the bakers and with the Prefect of the Annona in the public archives. But if any of the judges shall not have sent, at the appointed time, the person who is to be destined/assigned, he himself will assuredly remain liable to the function, from which he is proven to have withdrawn one liable. Upon the staff also a fitting penalty shall be exacted, because it has either by dissimulation neglected, or by fraud withheld, to admonish its own judge concerning the force of law and of custom.

dat. kal. decemb.

given on the Kalends of December.

treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (370 dec. 1).

at Trier, under Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, consuls (370 dec. 1).

CTh.14.3.13

Theodosian Code 14.3.13

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad olybrium praefectum urbi.

the emperors valentinian, valens and gratian, the three augusti, to olybrius, prefect of the city.

non ea sola pistrini sint vel fuisse videantur, quae in originem adscripta corpori dotis nomen et speciem etiam nunc retentant, sed etiam ea, quae ex successione pistorum ad heredes eorum vel quos alios devoluta noscuntur, quo eorum quoque distractio inhibita evidentius cerneretur. in his vero solis liciti contractus eidem corpori reserventur, quae ad ipsos non hereditario pistorum nomine, sed privatorum institutione, liberalitate vel dote aut quolibet titulo, probantur esse transfusa et si qua ipsi ex privata munificentia consecuti in rebus humanis agentes in aliquem ex sociis, id est in pistorem alterum transtulerunt. ceterum si haec quoque in successione propria reliquere, etiam eadem dotis nomine et titulo nuncupamus, quia pistrino proficere convenit, quod aput pistorem eo vivente permansit.

let not only those things be, or seem to have been, of the bakehouse, which, assigned from the origin to the body, even now retain the name and appearance of the endowment, but also those which are known to have devolved from the succession of bakers to their heirs or to whatever others, so that the alienation of these also might be seen more evidently to be inhibited. but let lawful contracts be reserved to the same corporate body only in those things which are proved to have been transferred to them not by the hereditary title of the bakers, but by the institution of private persons, by liberality or by an endowment, or by any title; and if they themselves, having obtained any from private munificence, while engaged in human affairs, transferred them to any one of the associates, that is, to another baker. moreover, if they left these also in their own succession, we likewise designate the same by the name and title of the endowment, because it is fitting that what remained with the baker while he lived should profit the bakehouse.

servabis igitur de cetero ordinem constitutum, ut, si vel donatione pistoris rem pistrino hereditatis successionisve meritis obligatam quicumque ex privatis a pistoribus fuerit consecutus, sciat corpori obnoxium vendere et alienare non posse, sed in sua causa et pistorum nomine ac iure residere. dat. kal.

Therefore you will preserve henceforth the established order, that, if even by the donation
of a baker anyone of the privates shall have obtained from the bakers a thing obligated to the bakehouse by the merits of inheritance or of succession, let him know that he cannot sell and alienate what is subject to the corporation, but that it remains in its own cause and in the name and right of the bakers. Given on the Kalends.

iun. treviris valentiniano nob. p. et victore conss.

june, at trier, when valentinian, most noble boy, and
victor were consuls.

(369 iun. 1).

(369 June 1).

CTh.14.3.14

Theodosian Code 14.3.14

Idem aaa. ad ursicinum praefectum annonae. si cui pistoris filia nubserit ac postea is eandem dilapidatis facultatibus consortio putaverit eximendam, non alia lege adque ratione eundem ipsum pistoriae necessitati et corpori praecipimus adstringi, quam si eodem munere originis vinculo teneretur.

Likewise the Augusti to Ursicinus, Prefect of the Annona. If someone should marry a baker’s daughter, and afterward, his resources having been squandered, he should think that the same woman ought to be taken out of the consortium,
we order that that very man be bound to the necessity and corpus of the bakery under no other law and rationale than if he were held by the bond of origin to the same duty.

dat. viii kal. mart.

dated the 8th day before the Kalends of March.

treviris modesto et arinthaeo conss. (372 febr. 22).

at Trier, in the consulship of Modestus and Arinthaeus (372 Feb. 22).

CTh.14.3.15

Theodosian Code 14.3.15

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. ad gregorium virum clarissimum praefectum annonae.

the emperors valens, gratian, and valentinian, augusti, to gregorius, a most distinguished man, prefect of the grain supply.

ne quis umquam praefectus annonae contra suam alienamve sententiam pistorum locum eiectis permiserit reformari, cum praescriptum suum aput iudices obtinere lex debeat, per quam simul adversus decoctorum vitia et utilitati annonae publicae et rerum iudicatarum constantiae providetur. dat. xiiii kal.

that no prefect of the annona shall ever permit the place/position of the bakers, once they have been ejected, to be re-formed in contravention of his own or another’s sentence, since by law his prescript ought to prevail before the judges, whereby at the same time provision is made both against the vices of bankrupts and for the utility of the public annona and for the constancy of adjudicated matters (res iudicatae). Given on the 14th day before the Kalends.

mart. treviris gratiano a. iiii et merobaude conss. (377 febr.

march, at trier, gratian augustus for the 4th time and merobaudes, consuls. (377 feb.

16).

CTh.14.3.16

Theodosian Code 14.3.16

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad arborium praefectum urbi.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, the augusti, to arborius, prefect of the city.

quidquid ex horreis plectibili usurpatione praesumptum sit, id per pistores, in quos totius criminis confertur invidia, matura exactione reddatur, ut, si quid in hac specie minus potuerit exsolvi, in quibuscumque speciebus, in aere vel plumbo seu qualibet alia solutione, pensetur, dummodo redintegratio totius summae curetur. dat. id. iun.

Whatever may have been appropriated from the granaries by a punishable usurpation, let it be repaid by the bakers, upon whom the odium of the whole crime is cast, by prompt exaction; so that, if anything in this kind cannot be fully discharged, it shall be balanced in whatever species, in bronze or lead or any other form of payment, provided that the reintegration of the entire sum be cared for. Given on the Ides of June.

gratiano a. v et theodosio a. i conss. (380 iun. 13).

in the consulship of gratian augustus for the 5th time and theodosius augustus for the 1st time, consuls. (June 13, 380).

CTh.14.3.17

Idem aaa. ad titianum vicarium africae. iudices africanos laudabilis sinceritas tua huiusmodi interminatione conterreat, ut, nisi tempore solito debitos pistores venerabilis romae usibus dirigere curaverint, sciant se ipsos quinquaginta argenti librarum officiumque eorum pari condemnatione multandum.

The same Augusti, to Titianus, Vicar of Africa. Let your praiseworthy sincerity terrify the African judges with a threat of this kind, so that, unless at the usual time they take care to direct the owed bakers to the uses of venerable Rome, they should know that they themselves are to be fined 50 pounds of silver, and their officium with an equal condemnation.

dat. iiii id. iul. treviris gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss.

Given on 12 July at Trier, when Gratian for the 5th time and Theodosius for the 1st time, the Augusti, were consuls.

(380 iul. 12).

(380 July 12).

CTh.14.3.18

Theodosian Code 14.3.18

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. ad sallustium praefectum urbi.

emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to sallustius, prefect of the city.

ut concessa decurialibus privilegia nolumus abrogari, ita lege super mancipibus data nihil iubemus inminui. nam si qui ob hoc ad decurias illicite transierunt, ut munus evaderent mancipatus, necesse est erga eos privilegia non posse servari, quos obnoxios sibimet recte vindicat functio memorata. in tantum etiam defensiones diversorum principum largitate concessas erga decurias manere decernimus et mancipatui obnoxios iubemus addici, ut, si quispiam super absolutione mancipatus nostrae maiestati preces obtulerit, bonorum amissione plectatur.

just as we do not wish the privileges granted to the decurials to be abrogated, so by the law given concerning those in mancipium we order that nothing be diminished. For if any, for this reason, have illicitly gone over to the decuries, in order to evade the burden of mancipatus, it is necessary that the privileges cannot be maintained for those whom the aforesaid function rightly claims as liable to itself. To such an extent also we decree that the defenses granted by the largesse of various princes remain with respect to the decuries, and we order those liable to mancipatus to be adjudged, that, if anyone should present petitions to our majesty for a release from mancipatus, he be punished by the loss of his goods.

quod quidem non solum in decurialibus, sed etiam in ceteris decernimus perpetua lege servari. dat. iii id. iun.

which indeed we decree to be observed by perpetual law not only in decurial matters, but
also in the rest. Given on the 3rd day before the Ides of June.

mediolano honorio n. p. et evodio v. c. conss. (386 iun. 11).

at milan, honorius, n. p., and evodius, v. c., consuls. (june 11, 386).

CTh.14.3.19

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. eusebio praefecto praetorio. pistores urbis aeternae praetermissa veteri consuetudine fundis vel praediis ad nihilum redactis, quae eorum corpori solacia certa praebebant, novos sibi quaestus excogitasse comperimus.

Emperors arcadius and honorius, Augusti, to eusebius, Praetorian Prefect. The bakers of the Eternal City, with the old custom passed over and their farms or praedial estates reduced to nothing—which used to provide certain solaces to their corpus—, we have ascertained to have devised new gains for themselves.

ideoque in futurum provisionis remedia proferentes misso probatae industriae viro singulorum fundorum sive praediorum, quae pistorum corpori obnoxia sunt, vires discuti exquirique praecipimus, ut idem iure perpetuo idoneis adfixa praestatione tradantur adque conductores praestationis modum et solacia ministrent antiquitus constituta pistoribus. dat. vii id. iul.

and therefore for the future,
proffering remedies of provision, with a man of approved industry having been sent, we order that the capacities of each of the farms or estates, which are subject to the body of the bakers,
be examined and inquired into, so that the same may by perpetual right be delivered, with the prestation affixed to suitable persons, and that the lessees may supply the measure of the prestation and the solaces constituted of old for the bakers. Given July 9.

mediolano arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 iul. 9).

at milan arcadius 4 and honorius 3, augusti, consuls. (396 jul. 9).

CTh.14.3.20

Codex Theodosianus 14.3.20

Idem aa. theodoro praefecto praetorio. adscripti semel per sententiam iudicis ordini pistorio subrepticia rescripta non quaerent, nec ulla eis supplicandi praestetur facultas. et qui huiusmodi sperare voluerit beneficia, quinque libras auri fisco nostro inferre cogetur.

The same Augusti to Theodorus, Praetorian Prefect. Those once enrolled by the sentence of a judge in the bakers’ order shall not seek surreptitious rescripts, nor shall any faculty of petitioning be afforded to them. And whoever shall wish to hope for benefits of this sort will be compelled to pay five pounds of gold to our fisc.

si quo enim casu vel oecultis vel ambitiosis hoc precibus elicuerit, iudex, cuius in iudicio haec fuerit prolata sententia, officium quoque eius, si consensum praebuerit impetratis, quinas auri libras aerario nostro inferent. dat. vii kal.

if by any chance he shall have elicited this by occult or ambitious petitions, the judge, in whose court this sentence shall have been pronounced, and his office as well, if it shall have furnished consent to what has been obtained, shall pay five pounds of gold into our treasury. Given on the 7th day before the Kalends.

mai. mediolano honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss. (398 apr.

May. At Milan, when Honorius, Augustus, for the 4th time, and Eutychianus were consuls. (398 Apr.

25).

CTh.14.3.21

Theodosian Code 14.3.21

Idem aa. et theodosius a. vitali praefecto annonae. nulli pistori nec posteris eius in privatas personas vel thymelicas vel eas, quae aurigandi studio detinentur, liceat coniugii societate transire, etiamsi huic facto omnium pistorum accedat adsensus, etiamsi nostra elicita fuerint aliqua subreptione rescripta. quod si quisquam in haec vetita adspirare temptaverit, sciat se verberibus adfectum deportatione puniendum facultatesque suas paneficio sociandas.

The same Augusti and Theodosius Augustus, to Vitalis, Prefect of the Annona. Let no baker, nor his descendants, be allowed to enter into marriage with private persons, whether thymelic performers or those who are held by zeal for charioteering, even if to this act the assent of all the bakers should be added, even if our rescripts should have been elicited by some surreption. But if anyone shall attempt to aspire to these forbidden things, let him know that, after being subjected to beatings, he is to be punished with deportation, and that his assets are to be associated with the baking-service.

quod si non statim officium gravitatis tuae in ipsis inceptis occurrerit, sed in suggestione cessaverit, in singulis familiis librarum auri decem multa feriatur: ita ut eae quoque personae cum patrimonio ad debitum officium revocentur, quae per huiusmodi nuptias in simili consortio fuerunt. omnes igitur, qui filias pistorum in consortium sortiti sunt, vel ex thymelicis vel aurigis vel universis privatis pistorio corpori ilico deputentur. dat.

but if the duty of your gravity shall not at once run to meet in the very beginnings, but shall have failed in the suggestio, in each family a fine of ten pounds of gold shall be struck: in such a way that those persons also, together with their patrimony, be recalled to the due office, who through marriages of this kind were in like consortium. therefore all who have gotten the daughters of bakers into consortium—whether from thymelic performers or charioteers or from all private persons—shall be forthwith assigned to the bakers’ corporation. given.

viii id. mart. ravennae d. n. theodosio a. i et rumorido v. c. conss. (403 mart.

March 8 at Ravenna, in the consulship of our lord Theodosius, Augustus, for the 1st time, and Rumoridus, a most distinguished man.
(403 March.

8).

CTh.14.3.22

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. palladio praefecto praetorio. quicumque illustris urbanae sedis vel annonariae potestatis apparitor clandestina fraude pistorem concusserit, accusatus adque convictus perpetuis paneficii nexibus addicatur.

Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Palladius, praetorian prefect. Whoever apparitor of the Illustrious Urban Seat or of the Annona authority by clandestine fraud shall have extorted a baker, having been accused and convicted, let him be adjudged to the perpetual bonds of the bakery-service.

et cetera. dat. vii kal.

and the rest. Given on the 7th day before the Kalends.

ian. ravennae honorio a. xi et constantio ii v. c. conss. (417 dec.

jan. at ravenna, in the consulship of honorius augustus for the 11th time and constantius, most distinguished man, for the 2nd time, consuls. (417 dec.

26).

CTh.14.4.0. De suariis, pecuariis et susceptoribus vini ceterisque corporatis

CTh.14.4.0. On swine-dealers, cattlemen, and receivers of wine and the other corporati

CTh.14.4.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad pacatianum praefectum praetorio. quoniam suariorum corpus ad paucos devenit, iubemus eos adstante populo romano dicere, quibus excusatio sit delata, quibus provenerit onus, ut his in medium publicae rationis eductis exemplum rei naviculariae proponatur.

the emperor constantine augustus to pacatianus, the praetorian prefect. since the corporation of the swine-dealers has devolved upon a few, we order them, with the roman people standing by, to declare to whom exemption has been delivered and upon whom the burden has fallen, so that, these matters having been brought into the midst of the public account, the pattern of the navicularian service be set forth.

itaque dinoscant facultates proprias suariorum esse obnoxias muneri ac de duobus alterum eligant; aut retineant bona quae suariae functioni destricta sunt ipsique suario teneantur obsequio aut idoneos quos volunt nominent, qui necessitati idem satisfaciant. nullum enim vacare ab huius rei munere patimur, sed sive honoribus evecti sive quolibet versutiae genere fugerunt, revocari eos iubemus idque ipsum teste et audiente populo romano compleri ac nos super his consuli, ut animadvertamus in eos, qui hac tergiversatione usi sint; de reliquo functionis huius vacatione nulli penitus tribuenda, sed eo qui subripere potuerit post beneficium infirmatum, salutis etiam periculum subituro. dat.

Therefore let them discern that the suarii’s own faculties are obnoxious to the munus, and let them choose one of two: either they retain the goods which are
are bound to the suarial function and they themselves be held to suarial obedience, or they name suitable persons whom they wish, who may likewise satisfy the necessity. For we allow no one to be vacant from the munus of this matter; but whether they have been carried up by honors or have fled by any kind of craftiness, we order them to be recalled,
and that this very thing be completed with the Roman people as witness and hearer, and that we be consulted concerning these matters, so that we may take action against those who have used this tergiversation;
as to the rest, exemption from this function is to be granted to no one at all, but he who shall have been able to steal away after the benefit has been invalidated will also undergo a danger to life.
Given.

viii id. mart. romae optato et paulino conss. (334 mart.

march 8 at rome, optatus and paulinus, consuls. (334 mar.

8).

CTh.14.4.2

Idem a. lucrio verino. in arbitrio suo possessor habeat, ne suario pecuniam solvat, quod ideo permissum est, ne in aestimando porcorum pondere licentia suariis praebeatur. quod si iuste porcos suarius aestimaverit, huic pecuniam possessor, cui pensitationis utriusque copia est indulta, numerabit.

The same Augustus to Lucrius Verinus. Let the possessor have it at his own discretion not to pay money to the swineherd, which is permitted for this reason: lest, in estimating the weight of the pigs, a license be afforded to swineherds. But if the swineherd has justly estimated the pigs, the possessor—on whom the option of either mode of payment has been conferred—will count out the money to him.

ne autem suario in suscipienda pecunia detrimenti aliquid adferatur, singulis quibusque annis ea pretia porcinae possessor adnumeret, quae usus publicae conversationis adtulerit. et quoniam non semper nec in omnibus locis una est forma pretiorum, pro diversitate locorum et temporum in specie pretia danda sunt, nisi ipsa porcina praestetur. iudices autem regionum monendi sunt, ut per singulos annos ad scientiam tuam referant, quae in quibus locis sunt pretia porcinae, ut instructione hac a tua gravitate perpensa tunc demum suarii per diversa proficiscantur et pretia suscipiant, quae in his regionibus versari cognoveris.

lest, however, any detriment be brought upon the suarius in the receiving of money, let the possessor each and every year reckon in the prices of pork which the usage of public commerce has brought. And since there is not always nor in all places one and the same form of prices, according to the diversity of places and times prices are to be given in specie, that is, in kind, unless the pork itself be furnished. The judges of the regions, moreover, must be admonished to report each year to your knowledge what the prices of pork are in which places, so that, this instruction having been weighed by your gravity, then at length the suarii may set out through the various districts and receive the prices which you have learned to prevail in those regions.

queri enim suarii non poterunt, quia nihil interest, carius an vilius comparent, cum, quantum pretium daturi sunt, a possessore accipiant; et possessores erunt moderati in specie distrahenda, cum se sciant, quanto maiora pretia pro carne poposcerint, tanto plus suariis soluturos. dat. iii id. april.

for the swine-dealers will not be able to complain, because it makes no difference whether they buy dearer or cheaper, since they receive from the possessor as much in price as they are going to pay; and the possessors will be moderate in selling in kind, since they know that the greater prices they have demanded for the meat, by so much the more they will have to pay to the swine-dealers. Given on the 3rd day before the Ides of April.

constantino a. vii et constantio c. conss. (326

under Constantine, Augustus, for the 7th time, and Constantius, Caesar, consuls (326

[324] apr. 11).

[324] Apr. 11).

CTh.14.4.3

Theodosian Code 14.4.3

Imp. iulianus a. flavio aproniano suo salutem. ea pretia, quae in campania per singulos annos repperiuntur, suariis urbis romae debent solvi, ita ut periculo suariorum populo porcinae species adfatim praebeatur.

Emperor Julian Augustus to his Flavius Apronianus, greeting. The prices which in Campania are found for each year ought to be paid to the swine-dealers of the city of Rome,
so that, at the risk of the swine-dealers, porcine varieties may be provided to the people in sufficiency.

et quia officialibus pro omni supplicio sufficit direptorum restitutio, quidquid ultra senos folles per singulas libras claruerit flagitatum, id fisci viribus protinus vidicetur. exactio autem nummaria non per officium tuum vel ipsos suarios, sed per officiales consularis iuxta praeceptum nostrae mansuetudinis competentem sortiatur effectum. nam quia maiorum potestatum officiales solent esse provincialibus perniciosi, per ordinarios iudices adque curias etiam hanc exactionem convenit celebrari.

and since for the officials the restitution of the plundered goods suffices in place of every punishment, whatever beyond six folles for each pound shall have become clear to have been exacted, let that at once be claimed for the resources of the fisc. but the pecuniary exaction is not to be effected through your office or the swine-dealers themselves, but through the officials of the consularis, according to the precept of our clemency, so that it may obtain the appropriate effect. for since the officials of higher powers are wont to be pernicious to provincials, it is fitting that even this exaction be carried out through the ordinary judges and the curiae.

per singulos itaque annos iuxta pretia, quae repperiuntur in publica conversatione, per campaniam habitantes pecuniam pro singulis libris porcinae praecipiantur exsolvere, ita ut non ad pretia, quae in urbe roma repperiuntur, sed quae aput campanos in publicis usibus habentur, nummaria celebretur exactio, suariis autem celebrandae nummariae exactionis facultas denegetur. nam dedimus litteras ad virum clarissimum consularem, ut remotis officialibus praefecturae urbanae et suariis ipse totius exactionis instantiam adque periculum ad suam curam sollicitudinemque revocare contendat. qui evidentissimo discrimini constituetur obnoxius, si in transmittendis pecuniis aliqua fuerit materia deceptionis exorta.

therefore, for each single year, according to the prices which are found in public commerce, those dwelling throughout Campania are to be directed to pay money for each single pound of pork, such that the monetary exaction be conducted not by the prices which are found in the city of Rome, but by those which among the Campanians are held in public uses, and to the pork‑dealers the faculty of celebrating the monetary exaction is denied. for we have given letters to the most distinguished man, the consular, that, the officials of the Urban Prefecture and the pork‑dealers having been removed, he himself strive to recall the instancy and peril of the whole exaction to his own care and solicitude. he will be constituted liable to the most evident peril, if, in the transmitting of the moneys, any occasion of deception shall have arisen.

dat. v id. decemb. antiochiae d. n. iuliano a. iiii et sallustio conss.

Given on December 9 at Antioch, in the consulship of our lord Julian, Augustus, for the 4th time, and Sallustius,
consuls.

(363 dec. 9).

(December 9, 363).

CTh.14.4.4pr.

Theodosian Code 14.4.4, preface.

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad praetextatum praefectum urbi. per singulas et semis decimas, quibus suariorum dispendia sarciuntur, damnum, quod inter susceptionem et erogationem necessario evenit, vini, hoc est septem et decem milium amphorarum perceptione relevetur.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Praetextatus, Prefect of the City. From the whole and half tithes, by which the expenditures of the swine-keepers are made good,
let the loss of wine, which necessarily occurs between reception and erogation, be relieved by the perception
of seventeen thousand amphorae.

(367 oct. [?] 8).

(367 Oct. [?] 8).

CTh.14.4.4.1

Cui rei illud provisionis accedat, ut lucanus possessor et brittius, quos longae subvectionis damna quatiebant, possit, si velit, speciem moderata, hoc est septuagenarum librarum compensatione dissolvere, quod ibi debebit inferre, ubi vina fuerat traditurus. (367 oct. [?] 8).

Let this provision be added to that matter, that the Lucanian possessor and the Bruttian, whom the losses of long transport were shaking, may, if he wishes, discharge the commodity by a moderated compensation, that is, by a compensation of 70 pounds, paying there what he will owe to pay where he had been going to deliver the wines. (367 Oct. [?] 8).

CTh.14.4.4.2

Quibus in rebus illud quoque a decessore tuo salubriter institutum est, quo suariis aestimandi licentia denegetur pondusque porcorum trutinae examine, non oculorum libertate quaeratur, ita videlicet, ut ne volenti quidem possessori tradere animal liceat, cuius modum non prius ponderatione certa deciderit suarius. animal vero a possessore tradendum ob digeriem prius unius noctis tantum ieiunitate vacuetur. (367 oct.

In these matters that too was healthfully established by your predecessor, whereby to the swine‑dealers the license of estimating is denied and the weight of the pigs is to be sought by the examination of the balance, not by the liberty of the eyes, in such a way, namely, that it is not permitted even to a willing possessor to deliver an animal, the measure of which the swine‑dealer has not first determined by a sure weighing. but the animal to be delivered by the possessor, on account of digestion, shall first be emptied by a fast of only one night. (367 oct.

[?] 8).

CTh.14.4.4.3

Theodosian Code 14.4.4.3

Illud quoque salubris constantinianae legis forma compescat, videlicet ut cum possessore, cui commodioris pretii beneficia indulta a veteribus principibus praerogativa providit, proprium ordo decidat ac transigat isque ordo suariis, quibuscum habet vini emolumenta communia, aut legitimum pretium, id est romani fori, cui carnem fuerat illaturus, tradat, aut carnem debitam subministret. (367 oct. [?] 8).

Let that salutary form of the Constantinian law also restrain this, namely, that with the possessor, to whom the prerogative granted by former emperors has provided the benefits of a more advantageous price, the ordo shall decide and settle its own matter, and that same ordo shall, to the pork-dealers (suarii), with whom it has the emoluments of wine in common, either hand over the legitimate price, that is, of the Roman market, to which he had been about to bring the meat, or supply the owed meat. (367 Oct. [?] 8).

CTh.14.4.4.4

Porro decimae semis, quam statuimus, non petantur ab his, a quibus fuerit pecunia ministranda. haec autem omnia aeneae tabulae in foro suario collocandae ad aeternam memoriam oportebit insculpi. dat.

Moreover, the half of the tithe which we have established shall not be demanded from those by whom the money is to be furnished. And all these things must be engraved on a bronze tablet to be set up in the pork market for eternal remembrance. Given.

viii id. octob. remis lupicino et iovino conss. (367 oct.

October 8, at Reims, in the consulship of Lupicinus and Jovinus (367 oct.

[?] 8).

CTh.14.4.5

Theodosian Code 14.4.5

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. ad albinum praefectum urbis romae.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius, and arcadius, augusti, to albinus, prefect of the city of rome.

suariorum vires ea concidisse occasione comperimus, quod fundi eorum adque alia praedia in extraneas quasque personas multimoda donatione transcripta sunt. quae sublimis eminentia tua aut ad memoratorum iura revocabit aut, si eorum detentatores putaverint abnuendum, subeant cum his communem sarcinam, quorum incubuere corporibus. consanguineos quoque eorum vel originales ut memoratorum nomini functionique iubeas adiungi, plenum et aequitatis et iuris est.

we have learned that the strength of the swine‑providers has collapsed on this occasion, because their farms and other estates have been transcribed to whatever outside persons by manifold donation. which your Sublime Eminence will either recall to the rights of the aforementioned, or, if their detentators shall think it to be refused, let them undergo with them the common burden, upon whose bodies they have lain. their kinsmen also, or their originales, that you order to be added to the name and function of the aforementioned, is full both of equity and of law.

dat. xv kal. sept.

given 15 days before the Kalends of September.

romae timasio et promoto conss. (389 aug. 18).

at rome in the consulate of timasius and promotus. (389 aug. 18).

CTh.14.4.6

Theodosian Code 14.4.6

Idem aaa. ad albinum praefectum urbi. porcinarii urbis aeternae cum pervigilem laborem populi romani commodis exhibeant, id se divae memoriae gratiani beneficio meruisse proponunt, ne sordidis umquam muneribus subiacerent.

the same emperors to albinus, prefect of the city. the pork-dealers of the eternal city, since they render a pervigil (ever-watchful) labor for the commodities of the roman people, declare that by the benefice of gratian of divine memory they have merited this, that they should never be subject to sordid public duties.

illustris igitur auctoritas tua divalium praeceptorum formam conservans etiam cum interminatione competenti suo insistat officio, quatenus id, quod et ante constitutum est et nulla postmodum iussione mutilatum, indubitatum adque intactum faciat perdurare. dat. viii kal.

Therefore let your illustrious authority, conserving the form of the divine precepts, even with an appropriate threat, stand firm in its duty, to the extent that that which was previously established and has not afterward been mutilated by any command may be made to endure undoubted and untouched. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

sept. romae timasio et promoto conss. (389 aug.

september, at rome, in the consulship of timasius and promotus (389 aug.

25).

CTh.14.4.7

Theodosian Code 14.4.7

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. florentino praefecto urbi. heredes suariorum, filiorum etiam emancipatorum bona omnia ac patrimonia requirantur, ut, sive personarum agatur ratio sive rerum, non minus habeatur obnoxius quem possessio tenet quam quem successio generis adstringit, dummodo suo ordini adtributos suarii non amittant et propriis facultatibus solitisque subsidiis aliena adque longinqua et ab hoc munere distracta non quaerant.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Florentinus, Prefect of the City. Let all the goods and patrimonies of the heirs of the suarii, even of emancipated sons, be required, so that, whether the reckoning concerns persons or things, he whom possession holds be considered no less liable than he whom succession of lineage binds, provided that the suarii do not lose those assigned to their order and that, with their own resources and the usual subsidies, they do not seek what is alien and far‑off and diverted from this duty.

dat. xv kal. mar.

given on the 15th day before the Kalends of March.

mediolano caesario et attico conss. (397 febr. 15).

at milan, with caesarius and atticus as consuls. (397 feb. 15).

CTh.14.4.8pr.

Theodosian Code 14.4.8, preface.

Idem aa. hilario praefecto urbi. quicumque de suariorum corpore originariam functionem sub cuiuslibet desiderio auxilii vel honore declinasse noscuntur vel ad diversa se officia contulisse aut adnotationibus vel rescriptis nostrae serenitatis elicitis, ad munus pristinum revocentur, tam qui paterno quam qui materno genere inveniuntur obnoxii: oportet enim viribus vacuari, quae in dispendium publicum adumbratione extorta sint. nullique penitus ad quemlibet honorem adque militiam aditus tribuatur et si qua deinceps de nostris altaribus per adnotationem vel rescriptum vel quolibet genere fuerint elicita vel emendicata, cassentur.

The same Augusti to Hilarius, Prefect of the City. Whoever from the body of the suarii is known to have declined the original function under anyone’s desire for help or honor, or to have transferred themselves to different offices, or to have procured adnotations or rescripts of our Serenity, let them be recalled to their former munus, both those who are found liable by the paternal line and those by the maternal line: for it is fitting that those things which have been extorted, to the public detriment, by a mere adumbration, be void of force. And let access be granted to no one at all to any honor or to military service; and if any henceforth shall have been elicited or begged from our altars by an adnotation or rescript or by any manner whatsoever, let them be quashed.

(408 ian. 15).

(408 Jan. 15).

CTh.14.4.8.1

Theodosian Code 14.4.8.1

Eos etiam, qui ad clericatus se privilegia contulerunt, aut agnoscere oportet propriam functionem aut ei corpori quod declinant proprii patrimonii facere cessionem. (408 ian. 15).

Those also who have betaken themselves to the privileges of the clericate must either acknowledge their proper function, or make a cession of their own patrimony to that body which they are declining. (408 Jan. 15).

CTh.14.4.8.2

Ii vero, qui praedia obnoxia corpori vel ex empto vel ex donato vel ex quolibet titulo tenent, pro rata publicum munus agnoscant aut possessionibus cedant. (408 ian. 15).

Those indeed who hold estates subject to the body, whether from purchase or from gift or from whatever title, shall acknowledge the public munus pro rata, or shall yield their holdings. (408 Jan. 15).

CTh.14.4.8.3

Circa reliqua etiam corpora, quae ad privilegia urbis romae pertinere noscuntur, eadem praecepti nostri forma servetur. dat. xviii kal.

Concerning the other corporate bodies as well, which are known to pertain to the privileges of the City of Rome, let the same form of our precept be observed. Given on the 18th day before the Kalends.

feb. romae basso et philippo conss. (408 ian.

Feb. at Rome, in the consulship of Bassus and Philippus (408 Jan.

15).

CTh.14.4.9

Theodosian Code 14.4.9

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. palladio praefecto praetorio. post alia: ad excludendas patronorum caudicariorum fraudes et portuensium furta mensorum unus e patronis totius consensu corporis eligatur, qui per quinquennium custodiam portuensium suscipiat conditorum, clandestinum ad collegas digma missurus, ne quid ex specie fraus occulta vectorum pessimae qualitatis inmutet.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Palladius, Praetorian Prefect. After other matters: to exclude the frauds of the patrons of the caudicarii and the thefts of the Portuensian measurers, let one from among the patrons be chosen by the consent of the whole body,
who for a quinquennium (five-year term) shall undertake the oversight of the Portuensian warehousers, about to send a clandestine deigma (sample) to his colleagues,
lest, under the guise of appearance, some hidden fraud of carriers of the worst quality alter anything.

cui praemia ista deferimus, ut, si optima fide administraverit munus iniunctum, post expletas lustralis sollicitudinis metas comitivae tertii ordinis honore cumuletur idque non iam ex codicillis nostris, sed constituti istius consequatur indulto; deprehensus in fraude amisso patrimonio ad pistrini etiam munia prima revocetur. illud etiam decernimus, ne in singulos tres primos patronos corporum singulorum vir clarissimus praefectus annonae ius habeat corporalis iniuriae nam sufficit in delinquentem illustris urbani censura iudicii. dat.

to whom we confer these rewards, that, if with the best good faith he shall have administered the duty enjoined, after the lustral (five‑year) solicitude’s goals are completed, he shall be augmented with the honor of the Comitiva of the Third Order, and let him obtain this not now from our codicils, but by the indult of that constitution; if caught in fraud, with his patrimony forfeited, let him be recalled even to the primary duties of the mill. We also decree this, that, with respect to each of the three foremost patrons of the several corporations, the most distinguished man, the Prefect of the Annona, shall not have the right of corporal injury, for the censure of the court of the Illustrious Urban Prefect suffices against an offender. Given.

vii kal. ianuar. ravennae honorio a. xi et constantio ii v. c. conss.

the 7th day before the Kalends of January, at Ravenna
under Honorius, Augustus, 11, and Constantius, a most distinguished man, 2, consuls.

(417 dec. 26).

(December 26, 417).

CTh.14.4.10pr.

CTh.14.4.10, preface.

Idem aa. palladio praefecto praetorio. suariis pecuarii iungantur: sub hac tamen condicione decreti corpora volumus miscere, ut rescissis privilegiis, quae impetrasse dicuntur, mixtae corporum vices alternis fungantur officiis. (419 iul.

The same emperors to Palladius, praetorian prefect. Let the swine-dealers be joined to the cattle-raisers: yet under this condition of the decree we wish to mingle the bodies (corpora), that, the privileges having been rescinded, which they are said to have obtained, the mixed turns of the bodies may perform the duties by alternation. (July 419

29).

CTh.14.4.10.1

Quibus cum lege concedimus, ut corpora externa iungamus, e re est, ut his quoque suas reddi iubeamus personas, quas rescissis omnium privilegiis vinculis gratiosis sententiis, si quas in abolitionem genuinae functionis callida fraude meruerunt, restitui cum facultatibus suis posthabita dilatione. (419 iul. 29).

To those to whom we, by law, concede that we may join external corporate bodies, it is to the advantage that we also order their own personae to be returned to them, all privileges, bonds, and indulgent judgments having been rescinded, if by crafty fraud they have obtained any for the abolition of the genuine function, to be restored along with their resources, delay being set aside. (419 July 29).

CTh.14.4.10.2

Nulla tamen eos corporis iniuriae formido percellat: nam praecipimus, ut tres huius corporis principales terti ordinis comitivam recipiant, quam sibi non iam ex codicillis nostris, sed ex privilegio latae legis adsumant. (419 iul. 29).

Nevertheless, let no dread of bodily injury strike them: for we command that the three principales of this body receive the comitiva of the third order,
which they are to assume for themselves not now from our codicils, but from the privilege of the law that has been enacted. (July 29, 419).

CTh.14.4.10.3

Per quinque autem menses quinas in obsoniis libras carnis possessor accipiat, ne per minutias exigui ponderis amplius fraus occulta decerpat. possessores quoque, qui pro larido millenos denarios in vicenis libris solebant conferre, suariis in pretio exsolvant. (419 iul.

Moreover, for five months let the possessor receive five pounds of meat in the provisions, lest by minutiae of exiguous weight further hidden fraud be pared away. possessors likewise, who were accustomed to contribute 1,000 denarii for lard in twenties of pounds, shall pay out to the swine-men in the price. (419 July

29).

CTh.14.4.10.4

Theodosian Code 14.4.10.4

Primiscrinii quoque tam illustris urbanae sedis quam spectabilis vicariae potestatis, nisi anno militiae finali institerint, ad supplendam summam praeteritae dissimulationis artentur, ut ex propriis facultatibus debita suariae functionis exsolvant, quae neglexerunt flagitare dum militabant, privilegia etiam militiae perdituri. (419 iul. 29).

The primiscrinii as well, both of the illustrious urban seat and of the spectabilis vicariate authority, unless they have persisted through the final year of their service, are to be pressed to make up the full amount of past neglect, so that from their own resources they discharge the debts of the suarian function, which they neglected to exact while they were serving, also forfeiting the privileges of the service. (419 July 29).

CTh.14.4.10.5

Quattuor milia sane obsoniorum, amputatis superfluis ac domus nostrae perceptionibus, diurna sublimitas tua decernat, quibus copiis populus animetur. dat. iiii kal.

Four thousand rations of provisions, the superfluities and the takings of our household having been cut off, let your Sublimity decree as a daily issue, by which supplies the people may be heartened. Given on the 4th day before the Kalends.

aug. ravennae monaxio et plinta conss. (419 iul.

august at ravenna, in the consulship of monaxius and plintha. (419 july.

29).

CTh.14.5.0. De mancipibus thermarum urbis et subvectione lignorum

CTh.14.5.0. On the contractors of the city baths and the transport of firewood

CTh.14.5.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad olybrium praefectum urbi. quidquid erga mancipes, qui thermarum exhibitionem romae curant, in exercitio compendiisque salinarum scitis priorum principum cautum est, aeterna sanctione firmamus.

Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Olybrius, Prefect of the City. Whatever, with regard to the contractors who take care of the provision of the baths at Rome, in the operation and profits of the saltworks, has been provided by the enactments of former princes, we confirm by an eternal sanction.

dat. iii non. april.

given on the 3rd day before the Nones of April.

treviris valentiniano et valente conss. (368? 370?

at trier
valentinian and valens, consuls. (368? 370?

apr. 3).

CTh.14.6.0. De calcis coctoribus urbis romae et constantinopolitanae

CTh.14.6.0. On the lime-burners of the city of rome and of constantinople

CTh.14.6.1

Imp. constantius a. ad orfitum praefectum urbi. ex omnibus praediis, quae iam dudum praestationi calcis coeperunt obnoxia adtineri, coctoribus calcis per ternas vehes singulae amphorae vini praebeantur, vecturariis vero amphora per bina milia et nungenta pondo calcis.

Emperor Constantius Augustus to Orfitus, Prefect of the City. From all estates which have long since begun to be held subject to the prestation of lime, let one amphora of wine be provided to the lime-burners for every three cart-loads, and to the carriers an amphora for every 2,900 pounds of lime.

quin etiam volumus non personas, sed ipsos fundos titulo huius praestationis adstringi. vecturarios etiam ex quattuor regionibus trecentos boves praecipimus dari. dat.

indeed we also desire that not persons, but the estates themselves, be bound under the title of this prestation. we also order that 300 oxen be given to the carriers from four regions. given.

viii kal. april. eusebio et hypatio conss.

March 25, in the consulship of Eusebius and Hypatius.

(359 mart. 25).

(359 March 25).

CTh.14.6.2

Theodosian Code 14.6.2

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. oratio nostra immunitatem eorum, quos coctio calcis manet, et vecturariorum est evidenter amplexa.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Our oration has clearly embraced the immunity of those whom the burning of lime awaits, and of the transporters.

quaecumque igitur extraordinariorum prisca adque inveterata consuetudine huiusmodi sortis homines antea sunt adepti, nunc quoque ad leniendum opus quod sustinent publici muneris consequantur. dat. vi id. iun.

whatever, therefore, by ancient and inveterate custom the men of this sort have previously obtained of the extraordinary exactions, let them now also obtain, for the alleviation of the work of the public duty which they sustain. given on 8 june.

naissi divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 iun. 8).

at naissus
under the deified jovian and varronianus, consuls. (364 june 8).

CTh.14.6.3

Theodosian Code 14.6.3

Idem aa. ad volusianum virum clarissimum vicarium. statum urbis aeternae reformare cupientes ac providere publicorum moenium dignitati iubemus, ut calcis coctoribus vectoribusque per singulas vehes singuli solidi praebeantur, ex quibus tres partes inferant possessores, quarta ex eius vini pretio sumatur, quod consuevit ex arca vinaria ministrari: illud addentes, ut non amplius quam terna milia minores vehes annuae postulentur. huius autem vehationis ita sit ratio partita, ut mille quingenta onera formis, alia sartis tectis annua deputentur, ita ut nulli iudicum seu officiorum excoquendae calcis licentia relinquatur, sub eo statuto, ut, qui in hac usurpatione fuerit, austeritatem vigoris publici ferre cogatur.

The same Augusti to Volusianus, a most distinguished man, the Vicarius. Desiring to reform the condition of the Eternal City and to provide for the dignity of the public walls, we order that to the lime-burners and the carriers, for each single load a single solidus be furnished, of which three parts the possessors shall pay, the fourth shall be taken from the price of that wine which is accustomed to be supplied from the wine coffer: adding this, that no more than three thousand smaller loads yearly be demanded. Moreover, let the reckoning of this transportation be apportioned thus, that one thousand five hundred burdens be assigned to the conduits, the others to the annual repairs of roofs (sarta tecta), in such a way that to none of the judges or of the offices shall a license for burning lime be left, under this statute, that whoever shall be in this usurpation be compelled to bear the severity of public authority.

hoc autem excepto a tarracinensis praestationis canone suggera, quae vetusto praeberi fari ac portus usibus more consuevit. a curialibus vero tuscis nungentarum vehum, quas inferre per singulos annos cogebantur, sarcinam sub ea condicione praecipimus amoveri, ut, si quando necessitas novi operis extiterit, id ipsum in notitiam nostram suggestionibus iudicum perferendum quid addendum vel quatenus inferendum sit, nostrae deliberationis moderamine sanciatur. ex supra dicto autem numero vehationis medietatem, quam sartis tectis iussimus deputari, separatim conveniet adscribi, ita ut praefecti urbi officium ad suam partem hanc curam pertinere cognoscat.

this, however, being excepted from the canon of the Tarracinenses’ prestation: the supplies which by ancient custom have been wont to be furnished for the uses of the lighthouse and the port. but from the Tuscan curials we order the burden of 900 cart-loads, which they were compelled to bring in each year, to be removed under this condition, that, if ever the necessity of a new work shall have arisen, that very matter be carried into our notice by the suggestions of the judges, and what is to be added or to what extent it is to be imposed be sanctioned by the governance of our deliberation. from the aforesaid number of carriage, moreover, the half which we have ordered to be assigned for repair-works, it will be fitting to enter separately, so that the office of the Prefect of the City may recognize that this care pertains to its own share.

dat. viii id. aug. mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

Dated on the 8th day before the Ides of August (August 6), at Milan, when Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, were consuls.

(365 aug. [?] 6).

(365 Aug. [?] 6).

CTh.14.6.4

Theodosian Code 14.6.4

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad severum praefectum urbi.

emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, augusti, to severus, prefect of the city.

ut caementorum et calcis in urbe venerabili copiae minime derogetur, quisquis ex his quippiam sibi deferendum qualibet caelestis indulgentiae definitione contenderit, nihil prorsus accipiat, nisi quod cunctis moenibus fabricationique romanae superfluere ac redundare constiterit. dat. kal.

that the supplies of cement and lime in the venerable City be not at all diminished,
whoever shall contend, by whatever decree of celestial indulgence, that any of these be conveyed to himself, shall receive nothing at all,
unless it has been established that it is superfluous and overflowing beyond the needs of all the walls and of Roman construction. Given on the Kalends.

april. antonio et syagrio conss. (382 apr.

April. under the consulship of Antonius and Syagrius. (382
Apr.

1).

CTh.14.6.5

Theodosian Code 14.6.5

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. aetio praefecto urbi. omnes fornaces per omne spatium, quod inter amphitheatrum et divi iuliani portum per litus maris extenditur, tolli praecipimus propter salubritatem urbis amplissimae et nostrarum aedium vicinitatem nec ulli in his locis coquendae calcis praeberi licentiam.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Aetius, Prefect of the City. We order that all furnaces, throughout all the space which extends along the shore of the sea between the Amphitheater and the Port of the deified Julian, be removed, on account of the salubrity of the most ample city and the proximity of our dwellings, and that to no one in these places be granted license for the burning of lime.

dat. iiii non. octob.

dated 4 october.

constantinopoli monaxio et plinta conss. (419 oct. 4).

at Constantinople, in the consulship of Monaxius and Plinta. (October 4, 419).

CTh.14.7.0. De collegiatis

CTh.14.7.0. On the collegiates

CTh.14.7.1 [=brev.14.1.1]

Impp. arcad. et honor.

The emperors Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. graccho consulari campaniae. de retrahendis collegiis vel collegiatis iudices competentes dabunt operam, ut ad proprias civitates eos, qui longius abierunt, retrahi iubeant cum omnibus, quae eorum erunt, ne desiderio rerum suarum loco originario non valeant attineri. de quorum agnatione haec forma servabitur, ut, ubi non est aequale coniugium, matrem sequatur agnatio, ubi vero iustum erit, patri cedat ingenua successio.

The Augusti, to Gracchus, consularis of Campania. On the bringing back of collegia or collegiates (guilds or guildsmen) the competent judges shall give their efforts, so that to
their own cities those who have gone farther away they may order to be brought back with all that belongs to them, lest through desire for their own goods they should not be able to be held to their place of origin.
Concerning whose agnation this form shall be observed: that, where there is not an equal marriage, the agnation shall follow the mother; but where it is a lawful one, the freeborn succession shall fall to the father.

dat. ix. kal. iun.

dated on the 9th day before the Kalends of June.

mediolano, caesario et attico coss.

at Milan, in the consulship of Caesarius and Atticus.

interpretatio. collegiati, si de civitatibus suis forte discesserint, ad civitatis suae officia cum rebus suis vel ad loca, unde discesserunt, revocentur: de quorum filiis haec servanda condicio* est, ut, si de colona vel ancilla nascuntur, matrem sequatur agnatio; si vero de ingenua et collegiato, collegiati nascuntur

interpretation. the collegiates, if by chance they have departed from their cities, to the offices of their own city with their goods or to the places from which they departed, let them be recalled: concerning whose sons this condition* is to be observed, that, if they are born from a colona or a handmaid, the agnation shall follow the mother; but if from a freeborn woman and a collegiate, they are born collegiates

CTh.14.7.2 [3 h.]

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. liberio praefecto praetorio. post alia: collegiatos et vitutiarios et nemesiacos signiferos cantabrarios et singularum urbium corporatos simili forma praecipimus revocari.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, the Augusti, to Liberius, Praetorian Prefect. After other things: we order that the collegiates and the Vitutiarians and the Nemesiacs, standard-bearers and cantabrum-bearers, and
the corporati of the several cities be recalled in similar form.

quibus etiam supplicandi inhibendam facultatem esse censuimus, ne originem, quod fieri non potest, commutare ulla iussio videatur ac si forte per sacram auctoritatem cognoscitur aliqui liberatus, cessante beneficio ad originem revertatur. dat. vi kal.

for whom we have also judged that the faculty of petitioning must be inhibited, lest
any order should seem to change their origin, which cannot be done; and if perchance through sacred authority it is recognized that someone has been freed, with the benefit ceasing, let him return to his origin. Given on the 6th day before the Kalends.

decemb. ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 [409?] nov.

Dec., at Ravenna, when Honorius for the 9th time and Theodosius for the 5th, the Augusti, were consuls. (412 [409?] Nov.

26).

CTh.14.8.0. De centonariis et dendroforis

CTh.14.8.0. On the centonarii and dendrophori

CTh.14.8.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad evagrium praefectum praetorio. ad omnes iudices litteras dare tuam convenit gravitatem, ut, in quibuscumque oppidis dendrofori fuerint, centonariorum adque fabrorum collegiis adnectantur, quoniam haec corpora frequentia hominum multiplicari expediet.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Evagrius, Praetorian Prefect. It is fitting for your gravity to give letters to all judges, that, in whatever towns there are dendrophori, they be attached to the colleges of the centonarii and the fabri, since it will be expedient that these bodies be multiplied by a multitude of men.

dat. xiiii kal. octob.

dated 14 days before the Kalends of October.

naisso, accepta viii id. novemb. constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss. (315 sept.

at Naissus, received on November 6, when Constantine Augustus for the 4th time and Licinius for the 4th time were consuls. (315 Sept.

18).

CTh.14.8.2

Theodosian Code 14.8.2

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad olybrium praefectum urbi.

emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, augusti, to olybrius, prefect of the city.

ne quis ex centonariorum corpore subtrahere se possit ad curiam, poena eidem corpori proposita, nisi ilico de eius abscessu querellam deposuerit. dat. v kal.

let no one from the body of the Centonarii be able to withdraw himself to the curia, the penalty proposed against the same body, unless it has immediately lodged a complaint about his departure. Given on the 5th day before the Kalends.

feb. treviris valentiniano n. p. et victore v. c. conss. (369 ian.

Feb., at Trier, under the consulship of Valentinian, the Most Noble Boy, and
Victor, a Most Distinguished Man, consuls (369 Jan.).

28).

CTh.14.9.0. De studiis liberalibus urbis romae et constantinopolitanae

CTh.14.9.0. On the liberal studies of the city of Rome and of Constantinople

CTh.14.9.1

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad olybrium praefectum urbi.

emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, augusti, to olybrius, prefect of the city.

quicumque ad urbem discendi cupiditate veniunt, primitus ad magistrum census provincialium iudicum, a quibus copia est danda veniendi, eiusmodi litteras perferant, ut oppida hominum et natales et merita expressa teneantur; deinde ut in primo statim profiteantur introitu, quibus potissimum studiis operam navare proponant; tertio ut hospitia eorum sollicite censualium norit officium, quo ei rei impertiant curam, quam se adseruerint expetisse. idem inmineant censuales, ut singuli eorum tales se in conventibus praebeant, quales esse debent, qui turpem inhonestamque famam et consociationes, quas proximas putamus esse criminibus, aestiment fugiendas neve spectacula frequentius adeant aut adpetant vulgo intempestiva convivia. quin etiam tribuimus potestatem, ut, si quis de his non ita in urbe se gesserit, quemadmodum liberalium rerum dignitas poscat, publice verberibus adfectus statimque navigio superpositus abiciatur urbe domumque redeat.

Whoever come to the City with a desire of learning, first let them bring to the Master of the Census letters of such a sort from the provincial judges—by whom leave to come is to be granted—that the towns of the men and their birth and merits be held clearly expressed; then, that at their very first entrance they at once declare to what studies especially they propose to devote effort; thirdly, that the office of the censuales (census-officials) know their lodgings carefully, in order that they may impart care to that matter which they have asserted that they seek. Let the same censuales also keep watch, that each of them present himself in assemblies such as those ought to be who deem that shameful and dishonorable repute and associations—which we consider to be next door to crimes—are to be shunned, and that they do not too frequently attend spectacles or commonly pursue banquets at unseasonable hours. Indeed, we even grant authority that, if any of these conduct himself in the City otherwise than the dignity of liberal pursuits demands, having been publicly subjected to lashes and immediately set upon a ship, he shall be cast out from the City and return home.

his sane, qui sedulo operam professionibus navant, usque ad vicesimum aetatis suae annum romae liceat commorari. post id vero tempus qui neglexerit sponte remeare, sollicitudine praefecturae etiam impurius ad patriam revertatur. verum ne haec perfunctorie fortasse curentur, praecelsa sinceritas tua officium censuale commoneat, ut per singulos menses, qui vel unde veniant quive sint pro ratione temporis ad africam vel ad ceteras provincias remittendi, brevibus comprehendat, his dumtaxat exceptis, qui corporatorum sunt oneribus adiuncti.

To those indeed who diligently devote effort to their professions, let it be permitted to remain at Rome up to the 20th year of their age. After that time, whoever has neglected to return of his own accord, let him be made to return to his homeland under the prefecture’s solicitude, even in a more ignominious fashion. But lest these matters perchance be handled perfunctorily, let your preeminent sincerity admonish the census office, that, month by month, it may include in brief reports who they are or whence they come, and who, according to the exigency of the time, must be sent back to Africa or to the other provinces, with only these excepted: those who are attached to the burdens of the corporati.

similes autem breves etiam ad scrinia mansuetudinis nostrae annis singulis dirigantur, quo meritis singulorum institutionibusque compertis utrum quandoque nobis sint necessarii, iudicemus. dat. iiii id. mart.

however, similar briefs also are to be directed to the bureaus of our Clemency each year, in order that, the merits of individuals and their instruction having been ascertained, we may judge whether they are at any time necessary to us.
Given on March 12.

treviris valentiniano et valente iii aa. conss. (370 mart. 12).

At Trier, Valentinian and Valens, emperors, consuls for the 3rd time. (370 Mar. 12).

CTh.14.9.2

Theodosian Code 14.9.2

Idem aaa. clearcho praefecto urbi. antiquarios ad bibliothecae codices componendos vel pro vetustate reparandos quattuor graecos et tres latinos scribendi peritos legi iubemus.

The same Emperors to Clearchus, Prefect of the City. We order that antiquaries, for setting in order the library’s codices or for repairing them on account of age, four Greeks and three Latins skilled in writing, be chosen.

quibus de caducis popularibus, et ipsi enim videntur e populo, competentes impertiantur annonae: ad eiusdem bibliothecae custodiam condicionalibus et requirendis et protinus adponendis. dat. viii id. mai.

let appropriate rations be imparted to them from public escheats—for they themselves too seem to be of the people:—
for the custody of the same library, with conditions to be required and imposed forthwith. Given on the 8th day before the Ides of May.

modesto et arinthaeo conss. (372 mai. 8).

in the consulship of modestus and arinthaeus (372 May 8).

CTh.14.9.3pr.

Theodosian Code 14.9.3 preface.

Imp. theodosius a. et valentinianus caes. universos, qui usurpantes sibi nomina magistrorum in publicis magistrationibus cellulisque collectos undecumque discipulos circumferre consuerunt, ab ostentatione vulgari praecipimus amoveri, ita ut, si qui eorum post emissos divinae sanctionis adfatus quae prohibemus adque damnamus iterum forte temptaverit, non solum eius quam meretur infamiae notam subeat, verum etiam pellendum se ex ipsa ubi versatur illicite urbe cognoscat.

The Emperor Theodosius Augustus and Valentinian Caesar command that all who, usurping for themselves the names of “masters,” have been accustomed in public magistracies and little cells to parade around disciples collected from wherever, be removed from vulgar ostentation; in such manner that, if any of them, after the issuance of the address of the divine sanction, should perchance again attempt those things which we prohibit and condemn, he shall not only undergo the mark of infamy which he deserves, but also know that he is to be expelled from the very city where he unlawfully conducts himself.

illos vero, qui intra plurimorum domus eadem exercere privatim studia consuerunt, si ipsis tantummodo discipulis vacare maluerint, quos intra parietes domesticos docent, nulla huiusmodi interminatione prohibemus. sin autem ex eorum numero fuerint, qui videntur intra capitolii auditorium constituti, ii omnibus modis privatarum aedium studia sibi interdicta esse cognoscant scituri, quod, si adversum caelestia statuta facientes fuerint deprehensi, nihil penitus ex illis privilegiis consequentur, quae his, qui in capitolio tantum docere praecepti sunt, merito deferuntur. (425 febr.

Those indeed who have been accustomed to exercise the same private studies within the houses of many, if they should prefer to attend only to those students themselves whom they teach within domestic walls, we do not forbid by any threat of this kind.
But if they should be of the number of those who seem to have been established within the auditorium of the Capitol, let them in every way know that the studies of private houses are interdicted to them, knowing that, if they are found acting against the celestial statutes, they will obtain absolutely nothing from those privileges which are deservedly conferred upon those who have been enjoined to teach only in the Capitol. (February 425

27).

CTh.14.9.3.1

Habeat igitur auditorium specialiter nostrum in his primum, quos romanae eloquentiae doctrina commendat, oratores quidem tres numero, decem vero grammaticos; in his etiam, qui facundia graecitatis pollere noscuntur, quinque numero sint sofistae et grammatici aeque decem. et quoniam non his artibus tantum adulescentiam gloriosam optamus institui, profundioris quoque scientiae adque doctrinae memoratis magistris sociamus auctores. unum igitur adiungi ceteris volumus, qui philosofiae arcana rimetur, duo quoque, qui iuris ac legum formulas pandant, ita ut unicuique loca specialiter deputata adsignari faciat tua sublimitas, ne discipuli sibi invicem possint obstrepere vel magistri neve linguarum confusio permixta vel vocum aures quorundam aut mentes a studio litterarum avertat.

Let our auditorium, then, have first among these, those whom the doctrina of Roman eloquence commends: namely, three orators in number, and ten grammarians; among those also who are known to excel in the facundity of Greekness, let there be five sophists in number and grammarians equally ten. And since we desire that youth be instituted not only by these arts, we also associate with the aforementioned magistri authors of deeper scientia and doctrina. We wish, therefore, that one be added to the rest who probes the arcana of philosophy, and two also who unfold the formulas of right and of laws, such that Your Sublimity cause specially appointed places to be assigned to each in particular, lest the pupils be able to drown one another out, or the teachers; nor a mingled confusion of tongues or of voices turn the ears or the minds of certain persons away from the study of letters.

dat. iii kal. mart.

dated on the 3rd day before the Kalends of March.

constantinopoli theodosio a. xi et valentiniano conss. (425 febr. 27).

at constantinople, in the consulship of theodosius for the 11th time and valentinian. (425 feb. 27).

CTh.14.10.0. De habitu, quo uti oportet intra urbem

CTh.14.10.0. On attire, which it is proper to use within the city

CTh.14.10.1pr.

CTh. 14.10.1, preface.

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad pancratium praefectum urbi.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, Augusti, to Pancratius, Prefect of the City.

sine exceptione temporis matutini, dumtaxat intra moenia constitutus, nullus senatorum habitum sibi vindicet militarem, sed chlamydis terrore deposito quieta coloborum ac paenularum induat vestimenta. cum autem vel conventus ordinis candidati coeperit agitari vel negotium eius sub publica iudicis sessione cognosci, togatum eundem interesse mandamus. (382 ian.

without exception for the morning hours, provided only that he is situated within the walls, let no one of the senators claim for himself the military habit, but, the terror of the chlamys laid aside, let him put on the quiet garments of colobia and paenulae. But when either the meeting of the order of the Candidati begins to be agitated, or his business is to be heard under the public session of a judge, we command that the same person, toga-clad, be present. (382 Jan.

12).

CTh.14.10.1.1

Officiales quoque, per quos statuta complentur ac necessaria peraguntur, uti quidem paenulis iubemus, verum interiorem vestem ad modum cingulis observare, ita tamen, ut discoloribus quoque palliis pectora contegentes condicionis suae necessitatem ex huiuscemodi agnitione testentur. (382 ian. 12).

Officials also, through whom statutes are fulfilled and necessary things are carried out, we order to make use of paenulae, but to keep the inner garment according to
the manner with girdles; yet in such a way that, covering their breasts also with parti-colored pallia, they may
by such recognition testify to the necessity of their condition. (382 Jan. 12).

CTh.14.10.1.2

Servos sane omnium, quorum tamen dominos sollicitudine constat militiae non teneri, aut byrris uti permittimus aut cucullis. (382 ian. 12).

We indeed permit the slaves of all, whose masters, however, are known not to be bound by the obligation of military service, to use either byrri or cowls. (382 Jan. 12).

CTh.14.10.1.3

Si quis de senatoribus statuta neglexerit, proprii auctoritate honoris exutus ingrediendi senatum iam non habeat potestatem officiales vero, sed et servi, qui pudoris non possunt dispendium sustinere, exilii poenam subire iubeantur: officio censuali viginti librarum auri non inmerito dispendiis subiugando, si culpam usurpationis huiusce aut dissimulatione subpresserit aut accepta pretii mercede subtraxerit. dat. prid.

If any of the senators has neglected the statutes, stripped of the authority of his own honor, let him no longer have the power of entering the senate; the officials indeed, but also the slaves, who cannot sustain the loss of modesty, are to be ordered to undergo the penalty of exile: the census office, not undeservedly, being subjugated to exactions of twenty pounds of gold, if it has either suppressed the fault of this usurpation by dissimulation or has withdrawn it for an accepted price of payment. given on the day before.

id. ianuar. constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss. (382 ian.

on the Ides of January, at Constantinople, under the consulship of Antonius and Syagrius (382 Jan.

12).

CTh.14.10.2

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. ad populum. usum tzangarum adque bracarum intra urbem venerabilem nemini liceat usurpare.

The emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to the people. Let no one usurp the use of leggings and breeches within the venerable city.

si quis autem contra hanc sanctionem venire temptaverit, sententia viri illustris praefecti spoliatum eum omnibus facultatibus tradi in perpetuum exilium praecipimus. et cetera. dat.

if anyone
however should attempt to go against this sanction, by the sentence of the illustrious man, the prefect, we order him, despoiled of all resources, to be handed over into
perpetual exile. and the rest. given.

proposita romae in foro divi traiani caesario et attico conss. (397 apr. 7?).

posted at rome in the forum of the deified trajan, with caesarius and atticus as consuls. (397 apr. 7?).

CTh.14.10.3

Theodosian Code 14.10.3

Idem aa. flaviano praefecto urbi. intra urbem romam nemo vel bracis vel tzangis utatur. quod si quisquam post praeceptum nostrae clementiae in hac contumacia perduraverit, prout condicio siverit, cohercitus sacra urbe pelletur.

The same Augusti to Flavianus, Prefect of the City. Within the city of Rome let no one use either breeches or tzangae. But if anyone, after the precept of our clemency, shall persist in this contumacy, as circumstance shall permit, coerced, he shall be expelled from the sacred city.

et cetera. dat. viii id. iun.

and the rest. given on June 6.

brixiae. theodoro v. c. cons. (399 iun.

at brescia. to theodorus, most distinguished man, consul. (june 399.

6).

CTh.14.10.4

Theodosian Code 14.10.4

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. probiano praefecto urbi. maiores crines, indumenta pellium etiam in servis intra urbem sacratissimam praecipimus inhiberi, nec quisquam posthac impune hunc habitum poterit usurpare.

Emperors honorius and theodosius, the augusti, to probianus, prefect of the city. longer hair and garments of skins, even among slaves, within the most sacrosanct city
we order to be prohibited, nor shall anyone hereafter be able to usurp this attire with impunity.

si quis autem neglexerit nostrae sanctionis vigorem, ingenuus legis laqueos non evitet, servus operi publico vindicabitur. quod innotescere non solum intra urbem protinus, verum etiam in vicinis regionibus non licere sancimus. dat.

but if anyone should neglect the vigor of our sanction,
a freeborn man shall not evade the snares of the law, a slave shall be consigned to public work. We ordain that this be made known immediately not only within the city, but also in
the neighboring regions. Given.

prid. id. dec. ravennae d. n. theodosio a. vii et palladio conss.

on the day before the ides of december, at ravenna, in the consulship of our lord theodosius, augustus, for the 7th time, and palladius, consuls.

(416 dec. 12).

CTh.14.11.0. Quibus militantibus ad urbem non liceat accedere

CTh.14.11.0. Which military personnel are not permitted to approach the City

CTh.14.11.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. ad populum. post alia: agentes in rebus adque palatinos aliosque milites inferioris militiae exceptis his, quibus negotium aliquod aut munus fuerit iniunctum, omni penitus arceri urbis venerabilis iubemus accessu, ita ut, si quis nostri edicti auctoritatem violare temptaverit, deportatione plectatur.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to the people. After other matters: we order the agentes in rebus and the palatines and other soldiers of the inferior service, except those to whom some business or duty has been enjoined, to be utterly barred from all access to the venerable city, such that, if anyone should attempt to violate the authority of our edict, he shall be punished with deportation.

et cetera. dat. et proposita romae vii id. april.

et cetera. given and posted at Rome on April 7.

caesario et attico conss. (397 apr. 7).

under caesarius and atticus, consuls. (397 apr. 7).

CTh.14.12.0. De honoratorum vehiculis

CTh.14.12.0. On the vehicles of the honorati

CTh.14.12.1

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. nebridio praefecto urbi.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, the augusti, to nebridius, prefect of the city.

omnes honorati seu civilium seu militarium dignitatum vehiculis dignitatis suae, id est carrucis biiugis, intra urbem sacratissimi nominis semper utantur. dat. iii kal.

Let all honorati, whether of civil or of military dignities, shall always use, within the city of the Most Sacred Name, the vehicles of their dignity, that is, two-yoked carriages. Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

feb. constantinopoli honorio n. p. et evodio conss. (386 ian.

Feb. at Constantinople under Honorius
most noble boy, and Evodius, consuls. (386 Jan.

30).

CTh.14.13.0. De iure italico urbis constantinopolitanae

CTh.14.13.0. On the italic right of the city of constantinople

CTh.14.13.1

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad clearchum praefectum urbis constantinopolitanae.

the emperors valentinian, valens and gratian, the augusti, to clearchus, prefect of the city of constantinople.

italici iuris auxilium arbitra aequitate renovamus. concessi igitur gratia beneficii publicis actibus intimetur et incisa tabulis debita sollemnitate permaneat. dat.

we renew the aid of Italic law, with equity as arbitress. therefore let the grace of the conceded beneficium be intimated in public acts, and, engraved on tablets, let it remain with due solemnity. given.

prid. non. aug.

the day before the Nones of August (August 4)

hieropoli valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (370? 373?

at hierapolis, when valentinian and valens, augusti, were consuls (370? 373?

aug. 4).

CTh.14.14.0. De campo martio urbis romae

CTh.14.14.0. On the campus martius of the city of rome

CTh.14.14.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. ad populum. post alia: eos, qui in campo martio casas seu tuguria collocare temptaverint, sententia viri illustris praefecti spoliatos omnibus facultatibus tradi in perpetuum exilio praecipimus.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to the people. After other things: we command that those who have attempted to place cottages or hovels in the Campus Martius, by the sentence of the Illustrious Man, the Prefect, be stripped of all property and handed over to perpetual exile.

et cetera. dat. et proposita romae in foro divi traiani caesario et attico conss.

and so forth. given and posted at rome in the forum of the deified trajan,
in the consulship of caesarius and atticus, consuls.

(397 apr. 7?).

(397 April 7?).

CTh.14.15.0. De canone frumentario urbis romae

CTh.14.15.0. on the grain canon of the city of rome

CTh.14.15.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. ne pessimus panis populi romani usibus ministretur, sola ducentena milia modiorum frumenti integri adque intemerati iuxta priscum morem mensores et caudicarii levioribus pretiis pistoribus venundare cogantur.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Lest the worst bread be supplied for the uses of the Roman people, only two hundred thousand modii of sound and undefiled grain, according to ancient custom, let the measurers and the caudicarii be compelled to sell to the bakers at lower prices.

dat. vi id. iul. naisso divo ioviano et varroniano conss.

Given on the 6th day before the Ides of July, at Naissus, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus.

(364 iul. 10).

(364 July 10).

CTh.14.15.2

Theodosian Code 14.15.2

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad iulianum praefectum annonae.

the emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, the augusti, to julian, prefect of the annona.

nautici aput curatorum vel magistratuum acta fateantur incorruptas sese species suscepisse eorumque, aput quos deponitur ista testatio, praesens aspectus probet nihil in his esse vitii. quod eo tempore, quo ad sacrae urbis portum pervenit, praefecturam iugiter observare praeceptum est. dat.

let the seafarers acknowledge in the acts of the curators or magistrates that they have received the commodities incorrupt, and let the present inspection of those with whom this attestation is deposited prove that there is no defect in them. this the prefecture is prescribed to observe continually at the time when it reaches the port of the sacred city. given.

xviii kal. iul. remis gratiano a. i et dagalaifo conss.

18 days before the Kalends of july, at reims, in the consulship of gratian augustus for the 1st time and dagalaifus, consuls.

(366 iun. 14).

(366 June 14).

CTh.14.15.3pr.

Codex Theodosianus 14.15.3, preface.

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. ad senatum. certum habetis, patres conscripti, quantum curarum impendimus pro vestris ac populi commodis; ideoque hac lege sancimus, ut, si quid frumenti vel olei urbicarii canonis remissione indultum est, speciali beneficio contra publicum commodum elicita non valeant.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to the Senate. You hold it certain, Conscript Fathers, how much care we expend for your and the people’s advantages; and therefore by this law we sanction that, if anything of the urban grain or oil, of the canon, has been granted by remission, things elicited by special favor against the public good shall not be valid.

(397 apr. 15).

CTh.14.15.3.1

Urbani etiam usus frumenta si quando vel fortuna vel ratio in africae coegerit residere litoribus, adtingere nullus audeat aut mutatis directoriis quoquam praeter sacram urbem praescripti ullius innovatione transmittere. et cetera. dat.

Also the grain for the use of the City, if ever either fortune or plan shall have compelled it to remain on the shores of Africa, let no one dare to touch, or, with the routing directives changed, to transmit it anywhere except to the Sacred City, by the innovation of any prescript. and the rest. given.

xvii kal. mai. mediolano caesario et attico conss.

April 15 at Milan, in the consulship of Caesarius and Atticus.

(397 apr. 15).

CTh.14.15.4pr.

Theodosian Code 14.15.4, preface.

Idem aa. theodoro praefecto praetorio. improborum petitiones, qui impudentius ausi sunt postulare pensiones aquae molarum, quae urbi venerabili annonas abundantius praestitissent, quinque librarum auri multa infligat, nisi ab hac petendi importunitate discedant. illos etiam, qui potestati praefecturae annonariae praesunt, et apparitores, qui isdem ministeriis obsecundant, par multa retineat, si cuiusquam improbissimi hominis consenserint vel paruerint voluntati.

The same Emperors to Theodorus, Praetorian Prefect. Let him inflict a fine of five pounds of gold upon the petitions of wicked men, who have more impudently dared to demand the pensions of the water of the mills, which would have supplied the venerable City with grain-rations more abundantly, unless they depart from this importunate demanding. Let him also hold under an equal fine those who are set over the authority of the Annonary Prefecture, and the apparitors who comply with the same ministries, if they have consented to or obeyed the will of any most wicked man.

(398 apr. 12).

CTh.14.15.4.1

Simili autem poena teneantur, qui aliquid ex his horreis cellulisve, quae intra urbem romam adque in portu constitutae pistorio iure retinentur, sibimet tamquam possessione privata ausi fuerint vindicare. dat. prid.

Moreover, let those be held to a similar penalty who have dared to vindicate to themselves, as though by private possession, anything from those granaries or small cells which, constituted within the city of Rome and at Portus, are retained under pistorian right. Given, the day before.

id. april. mediolano honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss. (398 apr.

on the ides of april, at milan, under the consuls honorius, augustus, for the 4th time, and eutychianus. (398 apr.

12).

CTh.14.15.5

Theodosian Code 14.15.5

Idem aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. neminem patimur in mutando canone urbis romae nostrae clementiae beneficium postulare. ideoque evidenti praeceptione consulentes non solum ea rescripta, quae quoquomodo potuerint impetrari, suscipi non sinimus, verum etiam illa vacuari, quae praeteritum quoque tempus elicuit.

The same Augusti to Messala, praetorian prefect. We allow no one, in changing the canon of the city of Rome, to petition for the benefice of our clemency. And therefore, giving guidance by an evident precept, we not only do not permit those rescripts, which may in any way have been obtained, to be received, but we also void those which even past time has elicited.

ac ne ullus subreptioni patescat aditus, eos, qui posthac commutari sibi canonem in fraudem venerandae urbis poposcerint, ad duplum retinendos esse decernimus, ut vetus dispositio suum robur obtineat. dat. prid.

and lest any access be laid open to subreption, we decree that those who hereafter shall have asked to have the canon changed for themselves
to the defrauding of the venerable city are to be held to the double, so that the old disposition may obtain its own strength. Given the day before.

non septemb. altino theodoro v. c. cons. (399 sept.

on the nones of september. at altinum, when theodorus, a most distinguished man, was consul. (sept. 399

4).

CTh.14.15.6

Codex Theodosianus 14.15.6

Idem aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. ne deinde facinora impunitate coalescant, evidenti praeceptione decernimus, ut a vicario ceterisque iudicibus, quos ex urbicario canone quidquam usurpasse constiterit, in quadruplum praesumpta poscantur, ita ut duplum iudices, duplum eorum officia cogantur inferre. deinceps autem nisi ab huiusmodi scelere temperetur, iudices deportationis poena retinendos, primates officiorum capitali supplicio subiugandos perpeti auctoritate sancimus.

The same Emperors to Messala, praetorian prefect. Lest thereafter crimes coalesce by impunity, by an evident precept we decree that from the vicarius and the other judges, whom it has been established to have usurped anything from the urban canon, fourfold of the presumed amounts be demanded, in such a way that the judges be compelled to pay double, and their staffs double. Hereafter, moreover, unless there is restraint from a crime of this sort, the judges are to be held to the penalty of deportation, the chiefs of the offices to be subjected to capital punishment, we sanction by a lasting authority.

et cetera. dat. iiii kal.

and the rest. given on the 4th day before the Kalends.

octob. altino theodoro v. c. cons. (399 sept.

Oct., at Altinum; Theodorus, a most distinguished man, consul. (399 Sept.

28).

CTh.14.16.0. De frumento urbis constantinopolitanae

CTh.14.16.0. On the grain of the city of Constantinople

CTh.14.16.1

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. monaxio praefecto urbi. quingentas auri libras partim a tui culminis indagine, partim amplissimi senatus grata illatione collectas ad prohibendam famem ita huic titulo consecramus, ut, quidquid super frumentaria comparatione titulus emptionis invenerit, in tribunalibus praefecturae urbanae sub gestorum testificatione pandatur, ut summa collecta et incrementa, quae venundato tritico accesserint, patrum insinuetur examini, omni adeo, quae contra hunc titulum temptabitur, usurpatione cessante, ut nec tuae sedis auctoritate nec cuiquam liceat cuiuscumque vel honestae occasionis obtentu haec perpensa ullo pacto convellere, ne non modo tot sententiarum violare munimina videatur, sed et familiari dispendio quatiatur et id, quod ex hac auri quantitate decerpserit, geminatum arcae frumentariae inferat.

Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Monaxius, Prefect of the City. Five hundred pounds of gold, collected partly by the investigation of your eminence, partly by the welcome contribution of the most ample Senate,
to avert famine, we thus consecrate to this title, such that whatever the title of purchase shall find touching the grain procurement,
shall be made public in the tribunals of the Urban Prefecture under attestation of the records, so that the sum collected and the increments which
shall have accrued from wheat set for vendition be introduced to the examination of the Fathers, with every usurpation that shall be attempted against this title accordingly ceasing,
so that it be permitted neither by the authority of your seat nor to anyone, under the pretext of whatever even honorable occasion, to wrench these things, having been weighed, in any way,
lest one not only seem to violate the bulwarks of so many sentences, but also be shaken with personal loss, and that he
pay into the grain-chest double that which he shall have nipped from this quantity of gold.

si quis autem privatim ad usus proprios intra urbem amplissimam frumentum comparare voluerit, habeat licentiam coemendi. dat. vi kal.

If anyone, moreover, should wish privately to procure grain for his own proper uses within the most ample city, let him have license to buy up.
Given on the 6th day before the Kalends.

mai. constantinopoli honorio viii et theodosio iii aa. conss. (409 apr.

may. at constantinople, in the consulship of honorius for the 8th time and theodosius for the 3rd, the augusti, consuls. (409 apr.

26).

CTh.14.16.2

Idem aa. urso praefecto urbi. nulli, ne divinae quidem domui nostrae frumentum de horreis publicis pro annona penitus praebeatur, sed integer canon mancipibus consignetur, annona in pane cocto domibus exhibenda. ita enim debet canon ab inclytae memoriae constantino praestitutus nec non a divo pietatis meae avo auctus expendi, quoniam crescit inopia, si frumento, quod pro annona tribuitur, ad usus alios deputato cogentur sibi de publico emere quae aliis vendere potuissent.

The same emperors, to Urso, Prefect of the City. Let grain from the public granaries, by way of the annona, be furnished to no one— not even to our divine household — at all, but let the entire canon be consigned to the contractors, the annona to be presented to households in baked bread. For thus ought the canon, established by Constantine of illustrious memory and also increased by the deified grandfather of my piety, to be expended, since scarcity grows, if, the grain which is allotted for the annona having been assigned to other uses, they are compelled to buy for themselves from the public what they could have sold to others.

dat. x kal. aug.

given on the 10th day before the Kalends of August.

constantinopoli theodosio a. vii et palladio v. c. conss. (416 iul. 23).

at Constantinople, in the consulship of Theodosius, Augustus, for the 7th time, and Palladius, a most distinguished man,
consuls (416 July 23).

CTh.14.16.3

Theodosian Code 14.16.3

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. leontio praefecto urbi. sescentarum undecim auri librarum quantitas ad coemptionem frumentariam sit perpetuo dedicata, nec liceat cuiquam postea administratione urbicariae potestatis percepta aliquid ex memorata summa minuere vel ad quoscumque alios usus convertere sed sub gestorum testificatione certum fiat et quod mancipibus mutui nomine datum est et quod ab isdem sit excepta omni concussione solvendum.

The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian, Augusti, to Leontius, Prefect of the City. The quantity of 611 pounds of gold for the frumentary coemption
shall be perpetually dedicated, and it shall not be permitted to anyone thereafter, upon receiving the administration of the urban authority, to diminish anything from the aforesaid sum or
to convert it to whatever other uses; but under the attestation of the gesta let it be made certain both what has been given to the mancipes by way of a loan and what by
those same persons is to be paid, exempt from any concussio (extortion).

eum autem, qui hanc formam ausus fuerit inquinare, quantitatem, in qua suam calliditatem exercuerit, in duplum redhibere iubemus, et quidquid ex praedicta ratione adcreverit, ad cumulum memoratae auri quantitatis et frumentarii tituli fomitem redundare legisque huius tenorem aeneis tabulis incidi. dat. v kal.

we order, moreover, that whoever shall have dared to taint this form must restore in double the amount in which he has exercised his
cunning, and that whatever shall have accrued from the aforesaid reckoning shall redound to the augmentation of the aforesaid quantity of gold
and as the foment of the frumentary title; and that the tenor of this law be incised on bronze tablets. Given on the 5th day before the Kalends.

decemb. constantinopoli ariobindo et aspare conss. (434 nov.

dec. at constantinople ariobindus and
aspar, consuls. (434 nov.

26).

CTh.14.17.0. De annonis civicis et pane gradili

CTh.14.17.0. On the civic annonae and the step-bread

CTh.14.17.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. iovio praefecto urbi. quia comperimus nonnullos venditis aedibus panes earum penes se retinere, nulli liceat, ut aedes sequantur annonae.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Jovius, Prefect of the City. Because we have discovered that some, with the houses sold, keep the loaves of those houses in their own possession, let it be permitted to no one that the houses follow the annonae.

sane si qui ex huiusmodi titulo caduci sint panes, fisci viribus vindicentur. dat. vi kal.

indeed, if any loaves be caducous (escheated) by such a title, let them be vindicated by the authority of the fisc. Given on the 6th day before the Kalends.

april. divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 mart.

april. the deified
jovian and varronianus, consuls. (364 march.

27).

CTh.14.17.2

Theodosian Code 14.17.2

Idem aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. panis gradilis in alium gradum translatio inhibeatur et cognoscat officium praefecti annonae severissima sibi inminere supplicia, si ulterius translationem per gradus permiserit commutari. dat.

The same Emperors to Mamertinus, the Praetorian Prefect. Let the transfer of graded bread into another grade be prohibited, and let the office of the Prefect of the Annona know that the most severe punishments are impending for it, if it shall permit any further exchange through the grades to be made. Given.

v id. decemb. naissi divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 dec.

5th day before the Ides of December, at Naissus, the deified
Jovian and Varronianus, consuls. (364 dec.

[?] 9).

CTh.14.17.3

Idem aa. ad maximum praefectum annonae. universi panem gradilem de gradibus adipiscantur neque cuiquam haec aut deferatur gratia aut imponatur iniuria, ut de pistrino accipiat. omni igitur studio hoc curabit officium sinceritatis tuae, ut, quaecumque illa sunt, quae diurna pistores alimentis popularibus praebent, omnia ea gradibus distribuant, non ex officinarum conductoribus promant.

The same emperors to Maximus, Prefect of the Grain-Supply. Let all obtain bread-by-steps from the steps, and let neither this favor be conferred upon anyone nor this injury be imposed, that he should receive it from the bakehouse. Therefore with every zeal the office of your Sincerity shall take care that, whatever those things are which the bakers daily provide for the people’s aliments, they distribute all those at the steps, and not bring them forth from the lessees of the workshops.

proposita pridie non. april. valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

published on the day before the Nones of April (April 4), when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls.

(368 apr. 4).

(April 4, 368).

CTh.14.17.4

Theodosian Code 14.17.4

Idem aa. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. ne quid super gradili pane fraudis oriretur, iussimus omne illud, quod populo penditur, palam in gradibus, non clam a pistoribus ministrari. proposita prid.

the same augusti to mamertinus, praetorian prefect. lest any fraud arise concerning the gradilis bread, we have ordered that all that which is weighed out to the people
be dispensed openly on the steps, not secretly by the bakers. posted the day before.

non. april. valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

on april 5, when valentinian and valens, the augusti, were consuls.

(368 apr. 4).

(368 April 4).

CTh.14.17.5

Theodosian Code 14.17.5

Idem aaa. ad populum. civis romanus, qui in viginti panibus sordidis, qui nunc dicuntur ardinienses, quinquaginta uncias comparabat, triginta et sex uncias in bucellis sex mundis sine pretio consequatur, ita ut ius in his nullus habeat officialis, nullus servus, nemo qui aedificiorum percipiat panem.

The same emperors to the people. A Roman citizen, who in twenty coarse loaves, which are now called ardinienses, used to purchase fifty ounces,
shall obtain thirty-six ounces in six clean buccellae without price, such that no official has any right in these, no slave, no one who
receives the bread of the buildings.

quorum si quis se aliqua ratione fortasse inmerserit, adquisito pane privabitur proprium nihilo minus perditurus aut dabit pro condicione supplicium, eo, qui commissam detulit fraudem, et emptoris panes et venditoris habituro. popularibus enim, quibus non est aliunde solacium, quibus idem panis hodieque distrahitur, et eorum successoribus clementia nostra deputavit in quo nunc emitur loco propriis gradibus erogandum. quibus titulus figendus est aeneus, in quem et panis modus et percipientis nomen debebit incidi.

of whom, if anyone should perhaps involve himself by some contrivance, though he have acquired bread, he shall be deprived of his own, nonetheless destined to lose it,
or he shall give punishment according to his condition; and the one who has brought to light the committed fraud shall have both the buyer’s loaves and the seller’s. for to the populace, for whom there is no solace from elsewhere, to whom this same bread is even today sold, and to their successors, our clemency
has deputed that it be doled out, in the very place where it is now bought, according to their proper grades. for which a brazen title must be affixed, upon which both the measure of the bread and
the name of the recipient must be incised.

et si ad tantum alicuius temeritas eruperit, ut aut per se aut per aliquem suorum sibi quolibet modo ius panis istius adque aereae tabulae suum voluerit nomen inserere, supra dictis condicionibus subiacebit. proposita romae kal. aug.

and if anyone’s temerity should break out to such an extent that either by himself or through any of his own he should wish in any way to claim for himself the right to this bread and to insert his name upon the bronze tablet, he shall be subject to the conditions set forth above. posted at Rome on the Kalends of August.

valentiniano n. p. et victore conss. (369 aug. 1).

in the consulship of valentinian, most noble youth, and victor, consuls. (369 aug. 1).

CTh.14.17.6

Theodosian Code 14.17.6

Idem aaa. ad maximum praefectum annonae. si quis umquam actor procurator servusve senatoris usurpatum gradilem, gratificante aut vendente scriba vel etiam consentiente, perceperit, subiciatur eculei quaestioni.

The same Emperors to Maximus, Prefect of the Grain Supply. If ever any agent, procurator, or slave of a senator shall have received a usurped gradile, with a scribe gratifying or selling it,
or even merely consenting, let him be subjected to interrogation on the rack.

ac si eundem patuerit temeritate propria adque ignorante domino de perceptione panis illicite transegisse, ipse sub vinculis pistrino quod fraudabat inserviat si vero senatoris culpa id fuisse constiterit, domus eius fisci viribus adgregetur. ex aliis quoque, si quis rei familiaris facultatibus praeditus designatum crimen admiserit, cum his quae habet pistrini exercitio subiugetur. si quis etiam pauperrimus rerum erit, cogetur exhibere operariam servitutem.

and if it shall have become evident that this same man, by his own temerity and with the master being ignorant, has illicitly transacted concerning the receipt of bread, he himself, under bonds, shall serve in the bakehouse which he was defrauding; but if it shall have been established that this was by the fault of the senator, his house shall be aggregated to the resources of the fisc.
from others also, if anyone endowed with the means of a household estate shall have admitted the designated crime, let him, together with the things he has, be subjected to the operation of the bakehouse.
if anyone shall be the poorest in resources, he shall be compelled to render laboring servitude.

in scribas vero, quos constiterit nefas vetitum perpetrasse, vindex legum gladius exeratur. dat. xiiii kal.

against the scribes
however, those whom it shall have been established to have perpetrated a forbidden nefarious deed, let the sword, the avenger of the laws, be drawn. Given on the 14th day before the Kalends.

april. treviris valentiniano et valente conss. (370 mart.

april. at trier valentinian and valens consuls. (370 march.

19).

CTh.14.17.7

Theodosian Code 14.17.7

Idem aaa. clearcho praefecto urbi. vendendi de reliquo popularibus annonam consuetudinem derogamus, ut huiusmodi celebrata venditio omni careat firmitate.

The same three Augusti, to Clearchus, Prefect of the City. We derogate the custom of selling to the populace from the remainder of the annona, so that a sale of this kind, even if concluded, shall be devoid of all validity.

verum si quis urbe abeundum esse crediderit, panes ceteraque quae percipit in horreorum conditis reserventur, poscentibus iuxta legem eiusdem ordinis hominibus deferenda. quin lege proposita etiam quae fuerint fortasse distractae, ad originem propriam iusque revocamus, si quidem iustum est, ut in perpetuum suum quisque detineat et per succedaneas vices proprius ordo teneat, ut palatinus palatini, militis vero militaris, popularem annonam popularis exposcat nec alter alterius sibi expetens diversorum ordinum valeat miscere rationem. dat.

But if anyone shall have thought that he must depart the city, let the breads and the rest which he receives be reserved in the granaries’ stores,
to be delivered to men of the same order who ask, according to the law. Indeed, with the law published, even those things which perhaps have been sold off we recall to their own origin and right,
since indeed it is just that each retain his own in perpetuity and that through succedaneous turns the proper order hold it,
so that the Palatine demand the palatine ration, the soldier the military ration, and the commoner demand the popular annona, and let not one, seeking another’s for himself, be able to mix the account of different
orders. Given.

viii kal. mai. modesto et arinthaeo conss.

the 8th day before the Kalends of May, in the consulship of Modestus and Arintheus, consuls.

(372 apr. 24 [immo mai. 8]).

(372 Apr. 24 [rather May 8]).

CTh.14.17.8

Theodosian Code 14.17.8

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. restuto praefecto urbi.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, Augusti, to Restutus, Prefect of the City.

si quis ex schola defecerit mortemque obierit, non ab alio corpore vacantes flagitentur annonae, sed ipsis scholis cessurae dividendaeque perdurent. dat. prid.

If anyone has defected from a schola and has undergone death, let the vacant annonae not be demanded from another corpus, but let them remain with the scholae themselves, to fall to them and to be divided. Given, the day before.

id. iul. thessalonicae gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss. (380 iul.

On the Ides of July at Thessalonica, when Gratian 5 and
Theodosius 1, the Augusti, were consuls. (380 Jul.

14).

CTh.14.17.9

Theodosian Code 14.17.9

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. proculo praefecto urbis constantinopolitanae.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to proculus, prefect of the city of constantinople.

annonas civicas in urbe constantinopolitana scholae scutariorum et scutariorum clibanariorum divi constantini adseruntur liberalitate meruisse. quarum ex magna parte inminutio facta perhibetur, quod alii eas putarunt tamquam proprias distrahendas, alii per successionum gradus hereditarium ius venire. sublimis igitur eminentia tua omnes eas, quas quoquomodo alienatas fuisse reppererit, his scholis, quibus donatae ac deputatae sunt, amota omni reluctatione restituet, habere enim debent earum perpetuitatem, quarum meruere compendium.

the civic annonae in the city
of Constantinople are asserted to have merited by liberality for the scholae of scutarii and of scutarii clibanarii of the divine Constantine. of which a great
part is reported to have been diminished, because some thought they should be disposed of as though their own property, others that by steps of successions a hereditary right
came. therefore your Sublime Eminence will restore all those which it shall have found to have been alienated in any way to these scholae, to which they were donated and deputed, with all resistance removed, for they ought to have the perpetuity of those advantages, whose profit they have merited.

dat. vii kal. aug.

Given on the 7th day before the Kalends of August.

romae timasio et promoto conss. (389 iul. 26).

at rome
timasius and promotus, consuls. (389 july 26).

CTh.14.17.10

Theodosian Code 14.17.10

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. proculo praefecto urbi.

The Emperors theodosius, arcadius, and honorius, Augusti, to Proculus, Prefect of the City

annonas civicas non tam titulis dignitatum, quam singulorum viritim meritis adtributas ivi constantini liberalitate sat claruit. ideoque nihil ex his scholarum nomine vindicetur, sed pro uniuscuiusque merito quae sunt concessa serventur, ut, quicumque perceptarum annonarum emolumenta vel in heredes proprios iure sanguinis transfuderunt vel in extraneos distractionis titulo transscripserunt, maneat quod gestum est vel hereditatis merito vel venditionis arbitrio. dat.

civic rations have been shown to be attributed not so much to the titles of dignities as to the merits of individuals, man by man, by the liberality of the deified Constantine quite clearly. therefore let nothing of these be claimed under the name of the scholae, but, according to each one’s merit, let the things that have been granted be preserved, so that whoever has transferred the emoluments of the rations received either to their own heirs by the right of blood
or to outsiders under the title of alienation, let what has been done remain either by the title of inheritance or by the discretion of vendition. Given.

vii kal. iul. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss.

june 25, at constantinople, in the consulship of arcadius augustus for the 2nd time and rufinus.

(392 iun. 25).

(392 June 25).

CTh.14.17.11

Idem aaa. aureliano praefecto urbi. annonas civicas ad hoc militaribus viris beneficium divale distribuit, ut qui emolumenta perciperent, aedificandi studio magnitudinem urbis augerent.

The same Emperors to Aurelianus, Prefect of the City. The civic annonae, as a divine beneficium, they distributed to military men, to this end: that those who received the emoluments might, by zeal for building, augment the magnitude of the city.

ac proinde, ne frustra deputatis commodis perfruantur quorum ope incrementa moenium non iuvantur, id super his annonis, quae scholis erogari solent, servandum est, ut ii tantum, qui domus habent, deputata suo nomini commoda consequantur, aliae retractatae adque in suspenso habitae nostrae munificentiae reserventur, his tantummodo, etiam si liberalitas sacra extiterit, deputandae, qui ex numero militarium virorum annonas pro extructis domibus beneficio nostrae adnotationis acceperint, ut et parata sui munera habeat largitas et superfluis necessitas non gravetur. dat. vi kal.

and therefore, lest they enjoy the assigned benefits to no purpose, by whose help the increments of the walls are not aided, this must be observed, besides those rations which are accustomed to be disbursed to the scholae, that only those who have houses may obtain the benefits assigned to their name, the others, withdrawn and held in suspense, are to be reserved to our munificence, to be assigned only to those—even if sacred liberality has been extended—who, from the number of military men, will have received rations for houses constructed by the benefit of our adnotation, so that liberality too may have its gifts prepared for itself, and necessity may not be burdened by superfluities. Given on the 6th day before the Kalends.

mai. constantinopoli d. n. theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 apr.

may. at constantinople, in the consulship of our lord theodosius, augustus, for the 3rd time, and abundantius. (393 apr.

26).

CTh.14.17.12

Codex Theodosianus 14.17.12

Idem aaa. aureliano praefecto urbi. si quae speciatim annonae domus in hac urbe habentibus divae memoriae constantini vel constantii largitate concessae sunt adque in heredes proprios iure successionis vel in extraneos venditionis titulo transierunt, erogatione solita ministrentur, et si quae scholarum nomine defenduntur.

The same, the three Augusti, to Aurelianus, Prefect of the City. If any houses of the annona, specifically, in this city, having been granted by the liberality of Constantine or Constantius of divine memory to those holding them, have passed to their own heirs by right of succession or to outsiders by the title of vendition, let them be ministered with the customary erogation, and so too those which are defended under the name of the scholae.

illustris igitur magnificentia tua et hanc super his formam custodire debebit. si quae vero ad arbitrium proculi datae nobis nescientibus erogantur, et retrahere eas ilico et revocare debebit. dat.

Therefore your Illustrious Magnificence must also keep this form in addition to these. if
indeed any which, at the arbitrium of Proculus, have been given are disbursed without our knowledge, you must both retract them immediately and revoke them. Given.

xii kal. decemb. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss.

November 20, at Constantinople, under the consulship of Theodosius, Augustus, for the 3rd time, and Abundantius, consuls.

(393 nov. 20).

CTh.14.17.13

Theodosian Code 14.17.13

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. africano praefecto urbi. eos, quos in hac urbe domos non habere cognoveris, annonis novis quolibet titulo acceptis privari tua magnitudo praecipiet nec ullis emolumentis civicis adiuvari.

Emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to africanus, prefect of the city. Those whom you have learned not to have houses in this city, your magnificence shall order to be deprived of the new grain-allowances received under whatever title
and not to be aided by any civic emoluments.

neque enim fas est, ut qui urbis adfectum domus indicio monstrare neglexerint, eius commodis perfruantur. sin vero quisquam est, qui se aedes spondeat habiturum, nisi intra sex menses instruxerit, nequaquam publicarum annonarum modum potiatur. proposita iii kal.

for it is not lawful that those who have neglected to show their affection for the City by the evidence of a house should enjoy its advantages.
but if indeed there is anyone who pledges that he will have a dwelling, unless he has fitted it out within six months, let him by no means obtain the measure of the public rations.
published on the 3rd day before the Kalends.

aug. constantinopoli arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 iul.

The Augusti, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Arcadius for the 4th time and of Honorius for the 3rd time, the Augusti, consuls (396 July.

30).

CTh.14.17.14

Theodosian Code 14.17.14

Idem aaa. clearcho praefecto urbi. inclytae recordationis pater clementiae nostrae post solitum canonem, qui urbi augustissimi nominis praebetur, certum annonarum modum de novo canone addendum esse constituit.

the same Augusti to Clearchus, prefect of the city. the father of our clemency, of illustrious memory, after the customary canon which is furnished to the city of the most august name determined that a fixed measure of the annona be added by a new canon.

et quia nonnullos absque liberalitate nostra ex ea quantitate annonas consequi compertum est, magnificentia tua nulli ex eo modo annonam faciat ministrari nisi qui vel liberalitate nostra perceperit vel super his, quae ab illustri sede magnitudinis tuae ei sunt deputatae, triumphalis dexterae nostrae confirmationem est consecutus. dat. xi kal.

and because it has been found that some, without our liberality, obtain annona-rations from that
quantity, Your Magnificence shall cause annona not to be administered to anyone in that manner except one who either has received it by our liberality
or, over and above those things which from the illustrious seat of your Greatness have been deputed to him, has obtained the confirmation of our triumphal right hand.
Given the 11 Kalends.

april. constantinopoli arcadio v et honorio v aa. conss. (402 mart.

april. at constantinople, in the consulship of arcadius 5 and honorius 5, augusti. (402 march.

22).

CTh.14.17.15

Theodosian Code 14.17.15

Idem aaa. monaxio praefecto urbi. dispositionem magnificentiae tuae de olei mensura firmam manere praecipimus, ut decem et octo per singulos sextarios scripulis ad certorum ordinum commodum moderante dispositione tua retentis ac distributis sextarius olei ad viginti unam semis unciam redigatur.

The same, the Augusti, to Monaxius, Prefect of the City. We order that the disposition of your Magnificence concerning the measure of oil remain firm, so that eighteen per
each sextarius, in scripula, retained and distributed for the convenience of certain orders, with your disposition moderating, the sextarius of oil be reduced to twenty-one
and a half unciae.

quam mensuram certum designatis suggestione corporibus solacium constitutam nullius posthac fraude credimus adtemptandam. dat. xv kal.

which measure, established as a fixed solace for the bodies designated in the suggestion, we deem not to be tampered with by anyone’s fraud hereafter. Given on the 15th day before the Kalends.

mar. basso et philippo conss. (408 febr.

mar. under the consuls Bassus and Philip. (408 febr.)

15).

CTh.14.18.0. De mendicantibus non invalidis

CTh.14.18.0. On mendicants who are not invalids

CTh.14.18.1

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad severum praefectum urbi.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, augusti, to severus, prefect of the city.

cunctis adfatim. quos in publicum quaestum incepta mendicitas vocabit, inspectis exploretur in singulis et integritas corporum et robur annorum, adque ea inertibus et absque ulla debilitate miserandis necessitas inferatur, ut eorum quidem, quos tenet condicio servilis, proditor studiosus et diligens dominium consequatur, eorum vero, quos natalium sola libertas prosequatur, colonatu perpetuo fulciatur quisquis huiusmodi lenitudinem prodiderit ac probaverit, salva dominis actione in eos, qui vel latebram forte fugitivis vel mendicitatis subeundae consilium praestiterunt. dat.

enough for all.
those whom incipient mendicity will summon into the public trade, after inspection let both the integrity of their bodies and the robustness of their years be explored in each, and upon those slothful and pitiable without any debility let necessity be imposed, such that, of those whom the servile condition holds, a zealous and diligent informer may procure that the ownership recover control,
but of those whom the mere freedom of birth attends, let whoever has exposed and proved such lenity be buttressed with a perpetual colonate—saving to the masters their action against those who furnished either a hiding place to fugitives or counsel for undertaking mendicity. given.

xii kal. iul. patavi antonio et syagrio conss.

12 days before the kalends of july, at patavium, in the consulship of antonius and syagrius.

(382 iun. 20).

(June 20, 382).

CTh.14.19.0. De pretio panis ostiensis

CTh.14.19.0. On the Price of Ostian Bread

CTh.14.19.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. theodoro praefecto praetorio. panem ostiensem adque fiscalem uno nummo distrahi volumus.

Emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to the praetorian prefect theodorus. We wish the Ostian and the fiscal bread to be sold for one coin.

sancimus autem, ut nullus per sacrum rescriptum audeat pretium ampliare; qui si obtulerit supplicationem, duarum librarum auri multa ferietur. dat. prid.

we ordain, moreover, that no one dare to amplify the price by a sacred rescript; and if anyone should proffer a supplication, he shall be struck with a mulct (fine) of two pounds of gold. given, the day before.

id. april. mediolano honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss. (398 apr.

The Ides of April, at Milan, when Honorius Augustus for the 4th time and Eutychianus were consuls. (April 398)

12).

CTh.14.20.0. De pretio piscis

CTh.14.20.0. On the price of fish

CTh.14.20.1

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. qui ministerii nostri causa exhibendi piscis cura vel sollicitudine tenentur, plus a se exigi quam quo emere potuerint, protestantur, si quidem in tricenis libris sibi solidus ministretur et multo disparem quantitatem vix aegreque valeant comparare.

the emperors honorius and theodosius, augusti, to anthemius, praetorian prefect. those who are held by the care or solicitude of furnishing fish for the sake of our service
protest that more is being exacted from them than the price at which they have been able to buy, since indeed at thirty pounds a solidus is supplied to them, and they can scarcely and with difficulty procure a much inferior quantity.

ideoque per vicena pondo piscis, primae scilicet qualitatis, memoratis solidus ministretur. spatangium sane in primae qualitatis piscem imputari praecipimus, quod decem librarum pondus sua magnitudine minime excedere videtur. dat.

and therefore for each twenty pounds in weight of fish, namely of the first quality, let a solidus be furnished to the aforesaid. The spatangium, to be sure, we order to be reckoned among fish of the first quality, since by its magnitude it seems by no means to exceed a weight of ten pounds. Given.

xvii kal. mai. lucio v. c. cons.

17
kalends of may. in the consulship of lucius, a most illustrious man.

(413 apr. 15).

(April 15, 413).

CTh.14.21.0. De nautis tiberinis

CTh.14.21.0. On the tiberine sailors

CTh.14.21.1

Theodosian Code 14.21.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. qui navem tiberinam habere fuerit ostensus, onus rei publicae necessarium agnoscat.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Whoever shall have been shown to have a Tiberine ship, let him acknowledge the republic’s
necessary burden.

quaecumque igitur navigia in alveo tiberis inveniuntur, competentibus et solitis obsequiis mancipentur, ita ut nullius dignitas aut privilegium ab hoc officio vindicetur. dat. viii id. octob.

whatever vessels therefore are found in the channel of the tiber, let them be consigned to the appropriate and customary services, so that
no one’s rank or privilege is used to claim exemption from this duty. given on the 8th day before the ides of october.

altino divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 oct. 8).

at altinum, in the consulship of the deified jovian and varronianus. (364 oct. 8).

CTh.14.22.0. De saccariis portus romae

CTh.14.22.0. On the sack-carriers of the port of rome

CTh.14.22.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. omnia, quaecumque advexerint privati ad portum urbis aeternae, per ipsos saccarios vel eos, qui se huic corpori permiscere desiderant, magnificentia tua iubeat comportari et pro temporum varietate mercedes considerata iusta aestimatione taxari, ita ut, si claruerit aliquem privatum per suos adventicias species comportare, quinta pars eius speciei fisco lucrativa vindicetur.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Symmachus, Prefect of the City. Whatever things private persons shall have brought to the port of the Eternal City, let your Magnificence order to be carried by
the saccarii themselves or by those who desire to commingle themselves with this body (corporation), and, in view of the variety of times, let the wages, after consideration, be taxed by a just estimation, so that, if it shall become clear that any private person is transporting incoming kinds of goods by his own men, a fifth part
of that commodity shall be claimed for the Fisc as gain.

dat. vi id. iun. naisso divo ioviano et varroniano conss.

Dated on the 6th day before the Ides of June (June 8), at Naissus, in the consulship of the Divine Jovian and Varronianus.

(364 iun. 8).

(364 June 8).

CTh.14.23.0. De patronis horreorum portuensium

CTh.14.23.0. On the patrons of the Portuensian granaries

CTh.14.23.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. patronos horreorum portuensium singulis tantum annis praeesse decernimus omni subreptione cessante, ne umquam veteris erogationis ratiocinium novis commeatibus inseratur.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Messala, Praetorian Prefect. We decree that the patrons of the Portus warehouses shall preside for single years only with all subreption ceasing, lest the reckoning of an old disbursement ever be inserted into new supplies.

nec ultra tempus constitutum quispiam sibi administrationem horreorum portuensium fraudulenter usurpet, nisi prioris anni ratiocinio ante deducto in alium annum quasi fidelis iam et idoneus subrogetur. dat. vi kal.

nor shall anyone beyond the time
appointed fraudulently usurp for himself the administration of the granaries at Portus, unless, after the reckoning of the previous year has first been settled, he is substituted for another year as one now faithful and suitable. Given on the 6th day before the Kalends.

april. altino stilichone et aureliano conss. (400 mart.

April. At Altinum, with Stilicho and Aurelianus as consuls. (400 March.

27).

CTh.14.24.0. De mensis oleariis

CTh.14.24.0. On oil tables

CTh.14.24.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad cerealem praefectum annonae. mensae oleariae, quae ita caducae fuerint, ut nullus possit adserere dominium, vicenis follibus per officium distrahantur.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Cerealis, Prefect of the Annona. the olive‑oil tables which shall be so caducous that no one can assert ownership are to be sold off through the office for twenty folles.

sed si quis mensam oleariam praedictis follibus emptam cariore pretio vendiderit, ferreis vinculis constrictus ad illyricum transmittatur poenam congruam luiturus. si quis autem mensam oleariam in dominio suo retinens vivendi cursum impleverit, eandem mensam ad successores proprios cum reliquis suis rebus hereditario poterit iure transmittere. dat.

but if anyone shall have sold an oil table bought for the aforesaid folles at a dearer price, bound with iron
chains he shall be sent to Illyricum, about to pay a fitting penalty. but if anyone, retaining an oil table in his own dominion,
shall have completed the course of life, he will be able to transmit the same table to his own successors, together with his other goods, by hereditary right. Given.

kal. mar. nicomediae, accepta viii id. april.

on the kalends of march at nicomedia, received on the 8th day before the ides of april.

romae ianuarino et iusto conss. (328 mart. 1).

at rome, in the consulship of januarinus and justus (328 march 1).

CTh.14.25.0. De frumento carthaginiensi

CTh.14.25.0. On carthaginian grain

CTh.14.25.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad catullinum proconsulem africae. si quis corpora aeneo frumento obnoxia distraxerit, ab omni interpellatione liber sit, quamvis alia corpora possederit sive coemerit libera ab aenei frumenti inquietudine.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Catullinus, proconsul of Africa. If anyone shall have alienated persons obnoxious to the aeneous grain, let him be free from every interpellation, although he may have possessed or bought up other persons free from the inquietude of the aeneous grain.

comparatores enim rerum obnoxiarum teneri oportet pro modo eius rei, quam adepti sunt, etiamsi extra liberalitatem rem fuerint consecuti. sed quia plerique ex magistratibus aenei frumenti pensitationi obnoxii vel ipsi sibi, dum administrant, alios subrogarunt vel redempti pro aliis alios creaverunt, rescissis subrogationibus ad eiusdem aenei frumenti pensitationem teneantur. illos enim solos ex subrogatis perseverare oportet, quos constiterit idoneos esse facultatibus et minus idoneorum loco non a redemptis magistratibus subrogatos.

for purchasers of encumbered things ought to be held liable in proportion to the nature of the thing which they have obtained, even if they acquired the thing outside of liberality. but since many from among the magistrates liable to the payment (pensitation) of the bronze grain (aeneum frumentum) either, while they administer, have subrogated others to themselves, or the contractors (redempti), on behalf of others, have created others, with the subrogations rescinded they shall be held to the payment of the same bronze grain. for only those among the subrogated ought to remain, whom it shall have been established to be adequate in means, and who were not subrogated by the contractors of magistracies in the place of the less suitable.

dat. prid. id. decemb.

dated the day before the Ides of December.

sirmi constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss. (315 [?] dec. 12).

at sirmium, in the consulship of constantine augustus for the 4th time and of licinius for the 4th time, consuls. (315 [?] dec. 12).

CTh.14.26.0. De frumento alexandrino

CTh.14.26.0. On Alexandrian grain

CTh.14.26.1

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. anthemio praefecto praetorio. in aestimatione frumenti, quod ad civitatem alexandrinam convehitur, quidquid de crithologiae et zygostasii munere et pro nauclerorum tuenda substantia eminentia tua disposuit, roboramus.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Anthemius, Praetorian Prefect. In the valuation of the grain that is conveyed to the city of Alexandria, whatever your Eminence has arranged concerning the office of the crithologia and the zygostasia, and for the safeguarding of the substance of the shipmasters (naucleri), we corroborate.

adque ut curialibus praedae auferatur occasio, iubemus eos ad huiusmodi sollicitudinem adfectandam numquam accedere, sed designata officia tuis provisionibus examinata sollicitudinem praedictam implere. dat. v kal.

and that
the opportunity for plunder be taken away from the curials, we order them never to approach to aspiring to such a responsibility, but that the designated offices, examined by your provisions, fulfill the aforesaid responsibility. Given on the 5th day before the Kalends.

feb. constantinopoli honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss. (412 ian.

feb. at Constantinople, in the consulship of Honorius the 9th and Theodosius the 5th, the Augusti, consuls. (412 jan.

28).

CTh.14.26.2

Theodosian Code 14.26.2

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. isidoro praefecto praetorio. diurnos centum et decem modios alimoniis alexandrinae civitatis addi decernimus, ut nemo privetur eo quod nunc usque percepit et perissochoregiae nomen penitus amputetur et tesserae designentur et nostrae pietatis nomine censeantur.

emperors theodosius and valentinian, augusti, to isidore, praetorian prefect. one hundred and ten modii per day to the alimentary rations of the city of alexandria be added we decree, so that no one be deprived of that which up to now he has received, and that the name of perissochoregia be utterly abolished and that tesserae be designated and be reckoned in the name of our piety.

dat. prid. non.

Given on the day before the Nones.

iun. constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. (436 iun.

June, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Isidore and Senator, consuls (June 436).

4).

CTh.14.27.0. De alexandrinae plebis primatibus

CTh.14.27.0. On the primates of the Alexandrian plebs

CTh.14.27.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. gennadio praefecto augustali. archigerontes et dioecetae ergasiotanorum numero deligantur, quod officium tuum sollicite observet excubiis.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Gennadius, the Augustal Prefect. Let the archigerontes and the dioecetae be selected from the number of the ergasiotani, and let your officium carefully keep watch with sentries.

dat. non. febr.

given on the Nones of February.

constantinopoli, proposita alexandriae eutycheo arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss. (396 febr. 5).

at constantinople, posted at alexandria under eutycheus; arcadius 4 and honorius 3, augusti, consuls. (396 february 5).

CTh.14.27.2

Impp. dd. nn. theodosius et valentinianus aa. isidoro praefecto praetorio. corporatos civitatis alexandrinae repurgandi fluminis onere liberamus et pro tenore et dispositione tua quadringentos solidos ex dinummio vectigali memoratae civitatis praecommodari decernimus, ita ut ex titulo navium omnibus modis repensentur.

The Emperors, our lords, Theodosius and Valentinian, Augusti, to Isidore, Praetorian Prefect. We liberate the corporati of the city of Alexandria from the burden of cleansing the river, and in accordance with your tenor and disposition we decree that four hundred solidi be pre-advanced from the dinummium tax-revenue of the aforesaid city, on condition that they be repaid in every way from the ships’ assessment (ex titulo navium).

dat. prid. non.

Given on the day before the Nones.

iun. constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. (436 iun.

jun. at constantinople isidore and senator, consuls. (436 jun.

4).