Justinian: CODEX

CJ.10.1.0. On the right of the fisc.
CJ.10.2.0. On proceeding against the fisc’s debtors.
CJ.10.3.0. On the faith and law of the fiscal spear, and on additions.

CJ.10.4.0. De venditione rerum fiscalium cum privatis communium.
CJ.10.5.0. Ne fiscus rem quam vendidit evincat.
CJ.10.6.0. De his qui ex publicis rationibus mutuam pecuniam acceperunt.

CJ.10.4.0. On the sale of fiscal property held in common with private persons.
CJ.10.5.0. That the fisc not evict a thing which it has sold.
CJ.10.6.0. Concerning those who have received loan‑money from the public accounts.

CJ.10.7.0. Poenis fiscalibus creditores praeferri.
CJ.10.8.0. De fiscalibus usuris.
CJ.10.9.0. De sententiis adversus fiscum latis retractandis.

CJ.10.7.0. That creditors are to be preferred to fiscal penalties.
CJ.10.8.0. On fiscal interest.
CJ.10.9.0. On judgments delivered against the fisc to be reconsidered.

CJ.10.10.0. De bonis vacantibus et de incorporatione.
CJ.10.11.0. De delatoribus.
CJ.10.12.0. De petitionibus bonorum sublatis.

CJ.10.10.0. On vacant goods and on incorporation.
CJ.10.11.0. On delators.
CJ.10.12.0. On petitions for goods abolished.

CJ.10.13.0. De his qui se deferunt.
CJ.10.14.0. Si liberalitatis imperialis socius sine herede defecerit.
CJ.10.15.0. De thesauris.

CJ.10.13.0. Concerning those who denounce themselves.
CJ.10.14.0. If an associate of imperial liberality dies without an heir.
CJ.10.15.0. Concerning treasures.

CJ.10.16.0. De annona et tributis.
CJ.10.17.0. De indictionibus.
CJ.10.18.0. De superindicto.

CJ.10.16.0. On the annona and tributes.
CJ.10.17.0. On the indictions.
CJ.10.18.0. On the superindiction.

CJ.10.19.0. De exactionibus tributorum.
CJ.10.20.0. De superexactionibus.
CJ.10.21.0. De capiendis et distrahendis pignoribus tributorum causa.

CJ.10.19.0. On the exactions of taxes.
CJ.10.20.0. On over-exactions.
CJ.10.21.0. On the taking and selling of pledges on account of taxes.

CJ.10.22.0. De apochis publicis et descriptionibus curialium.
CJ.10.23.0. De canone largitionalium titulorum.
CJ.10.24.0. Ne operae a collatoribus exigantur.

CJ.10.22.0. On public receipts and the descriptions of curials.
CJ.10.23.0. On the canon of the largitional titles.
CJ.10.24.0. That services not be exacted from contributors.

CJ.10.25.0. De immunitate nemini concedenda.
CJ.10.26.0. De conditis in publicis horreis.
CJ.10.27.0. Ut nemini liceat in coemptione specierum se excusare et de munere sitoniae.

CJ.10.25.0. On immunity to be granted to no one.
CJ.10.26.0. On things stored in the public granaries.
CJ.10.27.0. That no one be allowed in the coemption of commodities to excuse himself, and on the munus of the sitonia.

CJ.10.28.0. De collatione donatorum vel relevatorum aut translatorum seu adaeratorum.
CJ.10.29.0. De collatione aeris.
CJ.10.30.0. De discussoribus.

CJ.10.28.0. On the collation of the donated or the relieved or the transferred or the adaerated.
CJ.10.29.0. On the collation of money.
CJ.10.30.0. On discussors.

CJ.10.32.0. De decurionibus et filiis eorum et qui decuriones habentur quibus modis a fortuna curiae liberentur.
CJ.10.33.0. Si libertus aut servus ad decurionatum adspiraverit.
CJ.10.34.0. De praediis curialium sine decreto non alienandis.

CJ.10.32.0. On the decurions and their sons, and those who are held as decurions, by what means they may be freed from the lot of the curia.
CJ.10.33.0. If a freedman or a slave should aspire to the decurionate.
CJ.10.34.0. On the estates of curials not to be alienated without a decree.

CJ.10.35.0. Quando et quibus debetur quarta pars ex bonis decurionum et de modo distributionis eorum.
CJ.10.36.0. De imponenda lucrativis descriptione.
CJ.10.37.0. De praebendo salario.

CJ.10.35.0. When and to whom a fourth part from the goods of the decurions is owed, and on the mode of their distribution.
CJ.10.36.0. On imposing an assessment upon lucrative acquisitions.
CJ.10.37.0. On providing salary.

CJ.10.38.0. Si curialis relicta civitate rus habitare maluerit.
CJ.10.39.0. De municipibus et originariis.
CJ.10.40.0. De incolis et ubi quis domicilium habere videtur et de his qui studiorum causa in alia civitate degunt.

CJ.10.38.0. If a curial, having left the city, should prefer to live in the countryside.
CJ.10.39.0. On municipal citizens (municipes) and originaries (originarii).
CJ.10.40.0. On residents (incolae) and where someone is deemed to have a domicile, and on those who dwell in another city for the sake of studies.

CJ.10.41.0. De honoribus et muneribus non continuandis inter patrem et filium et de intervallis.
CJ.10.42.0. De muneribus patrimoniorum.
CJ.10.43.0. Quemadmodum civilia munera indicuntur.

CJ.10.41.0. On honors and public burdens not to be continued between father and son, and on intervals.
CJ.10.42.0. On the public burdens of patrimonies.
CJ.10.43.0. How civil public burdens are imposed.

CJ.10.44.0. De his qui sponte munera susceperunt.
CJ.10.45.0. De his qui a principe vacationem acceperunt.
CJ.10.46.0. De vacatione muneris.

CJ.10.44.0. Concerning those who have of their own accord undertaken public duties.
CJ.10.45.0. Concerning those who have received exemption from the emperor.
CJ.10.46.0. Concerning exemption from a duty.

CJ.10.47.0. De decretis decurionum super immunitate quibusdam concedenda.
CJ.10.48.0. De excusationibus munerum.
CJ.10.49.0. De quibus muneribus vel praestationibus nemini liceat se excusare.

CJ.10.47.0. On the decrees of the decurions concerning immunity to be granted to certain persons.
CJ.10.48.0. On excuses for public duties.
CJ.10.49.0. On those public duties or prestations from which it is permitted to no one to excuse himself.

CJ.10.50.0. Qui aetate se excusant.
CJ.10.51.0. Qui morbo.
CJ.10.52.0. De his qui numero liberorum vel paupertate excusationem meruerunt.

CJ.10.50.0. Those who excuse themselves by age.
CJ.10.51.0. Those who by illness.
CJ.10.52.0. On those who have merited exemption by the number of children or by poverty.

CJ.10.53.0. De professoribus et medicis.
CJ.10.54.0. De athletis.
CJ.10.55.0. De his qui non impletis stipendiis sacramento soluti sunt.

CJ.10.53.0. On professors and physicians.
CJ.10.54.0. On athletes.
CJ.10.55.0. On those who, their stipends/terms of service not fulfilled, have been released from the (military) oath.

CJ.10.56.0. Quibus muneribus excusantur ii, qui post impletam militiam vel advocationem per provincias suis commodis vacantes commorantur et de privilegiis eorum.
CJ.10.57.0. De conductoribus vectigalium fisci.
CJ.10.58.0. De libertinis.

CJ.10.56.0. By what public duties those are excused, who, after completing military service or an advocateship through the provinces, remain, attending to their own interests, and concerning their privileges.
CJ.10.57.0. On the tax‑farmers of the revenues of the fisc.
CJ.10.58.0. On freedmen.

CJ.10.59.0. De infamibus.
CJ.10.60.0. De reis postulatis.
CJ.10.61.0. De his qui in exsilium dati vel ordine moti sunt.

CJ.10.59.0. On the infamous.
CJ.10.60.0. On defendants demanded.
CJ.10.61.0. On those who have been given into exile or removed from their order.

CJ.10.62.0. De filiis familias et quemadmodum pater pro his teneatur.
CJ.10.63.0. De peculo successorum parentis.
CJ.10.64.0. De mulieribus in quo loco munera sexui congruentia et honores agnoscant.

CJ.10.62.0. On sons of the household and in what manner the father is bound on their behalf.
CJ.10.63.0. On the peculium of a parent’s successors.
CJ.10.64.0. On women, in what place they acknowledge duties congruent to the sex and honors.

CJ.10.65.0. De legationibus.
CJ.10.66.0. De excusationibus artificum.
CJ.10.67.0. De potioribus ad munera nominandis.

CJ.10.65.0. On embassies.
CJ.10.66.0. On the exemptions of artificers.
CJ.10.67.0. On those preferred to be nominated to public duties.

CJ.10.68.0. Si propter inimicitias creatio facta sit.
CJ.10.69.0. De sumptuum recuperatione.
CJ.10.70.0. Si post creationem quis decesserit.

CJ.10.68.0. If an appointment has been made on account of enmities.
CJ.10.69.0. On the recovery of expenses.
CJ.10.70.0. If someone has died after the appointment.

CJ.10.71.0. De tabulariis scribis logographis et censualibus.
CJ.10.72.0. De susceptoribus praepositis et arcariis.
CJ.10.73.0. De ponderatoribus et auri illatione.

CJ.10.71.0. On tabularii, scribes, logographers, and census officials.
CJ.10.72.0. On tax-collectors, superintendents, and treasurers.
CJ.10.73.0. On weighers and the bringing in of gold.

CJ.10.74.0. De auri publici prosecutoribus.
CJ.10.75.0. De his quae ex publica collatione illata sunt non usurpandis.
CJ.10.76.0. De auro coronario.

CJ.10.74.0. On the prosecutors of public gold.
CJ.10.75.0. On not usurping those things which have been brought in from public contribution.
CJ.10.76.0. On crown-gold.

CJ.10.77.0. De irenarchis.
CJ.10.78.0. De argenti pretio quod thesauris infertur.

CJ.10.77.0. On the irenarchs.
CJ.10.78.0. On the price of silver which is brought into the treasuries.

CJ.10.1.0. De iure fisci.

CJ.10.1.0. On the right of the fisc.

CJ.10.1.1: Imperatores Severus, Antoninus

CJ.10.1.1: Emperors Severus, Antoninus

Si prius, quam fisci rationibus pater vester obligaretur, perfectam praediorum donationem fecisse fuerit probatus, quod citra fraudem creditorum gestum est, non rescinditur. * sev. et ant.

If, before your father was obligated to the accounts of the fisc, he is proven to have made a perfected donation of landed estates, which, having been done without fraud upon creditors, is not rescinded. * sev. et ant.

aa. attico et severo. * <a xxx >

the emperors to Atticus and Severus. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.1.2: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.1.2: Emperor Gordian

Instar obtinere minime potest rei iudicatae computatio a tabulariis facta, nisi sententia procuratoris fuerit comprobata. * gord. a. sereno.

A computation made by the record-keepers cannot in any way obtain the effect of res judicata, unless the decision of the procurator has been approved. * Gordian Augustus to Serenus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.1.3: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.1.3: Emperor Gordian

Si minori pretio, quam res est, aperta fraude emptoris vel gratia quae obligata sunt a fisco venierunt, aditus procurator meus debitam quantitatem inferenti restitui ea praedia iubebit. * gord. a. atticae.

If, for a lower price than the thing is worth, through the buyer’s open fraud or favor, properties that were encumbered were sold by the fisc, my procurator, when approached, will order those estates to be restored to one who tenders the due amount. * gordian, augustus, to attica.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.1.4pr.: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.1.4pr.: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Certa forma super metoecis data est, qui iussu principis in aliam civitatem translati sunt. nam praedia eorum, quae antequam demigrarent habuerint, si ab his distracta non essent, fisci rationibus vindicari iam pridem decretum est, nisi aliud speciali praecepto augusta maiestas decreverit. * diocl.

A fixed form has been given concerning metoeci who have been transferred by order of the princeps into another civitas. For their estates (praedia), which they had before they moved away, if they were not alienated by them, it has long since been decreed to be claimed for the accounts of the fiscus, unless the august majesty has decreed otherwise by a special precept. * diocl.

et maxim. aa. mucatraulo. * <a xxx >

and Maximian, the Augusti, to Mucatraulus. *

CJ.10.1.4.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.1.4.1: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Ut igitur a principibus salubriter statutum est, ita salvis his, quae utiliter placuerunt, parentibus heredes eos exsistere minime oportere nulla legis sanctione statutum est. <a xxx >

Therefore, as has been salutarily decreed by the princes, with those things preserved which were usefully approved, it has been established by no sanction of law that they ought by no means to become heirs to their parents. <a xxx >

CJ.10.1.5pr.: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.1.5pr.: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Prohibitum est cuiuscumque bona, qui fisco locum fecisse existimabitur capi prius, quam a nobis forma fuerit data. * diocl. et maxim.

It is prohibited that the goods of anyone who shall be deemed to have given place to the fisc be seized before a form has been given by us. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. exempl. sacr. litt.

the augusti: an exemplar of the sacred letters.

ad flaccum.* <x >

to Flaccus.* <x >

CJ.10.1.5.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.1.5.1: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.

Et ut omni improvisionis genere occursum sit caesarianis, sancimus licere universis quorum interest obicere manus his, qui ad capienda bona alicuius venerint, qui succubuerit legibus, ut, etiamsi officiales ausi fuerint a tenore datae legis desistere, ipsis privatis resistentibus a facienda iniuria arceantur. <x >

And in order that every kind of lack of foresight on the part of the Caesarian agents may be provided against, we sanction that it be lawful for all whom it concerns to lay hands upon those who have come to seize the goods of someone who has succumbed to the laws, so that, even if the officials should have dared to depart from the tenor of the law given, they may be restrained from doing injury by private persons resisting. <x >

CJ.10.1.5.2: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.1.5.2: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Tunc enim is, cuius interest bona alicuius non interpellari, officialibus volentibus ea capere debet adquiescere, cum litteris nostris cognoverit non ex arbitrio suo caesarianos ad capiendas easdem venisse facultates, sed iustitiae vigorem id fieri statuisse. <x >

Then indeed he, whose interest it is that someone’s goods not be interfered with, ought to acquiesce to the officials wishing to seize them, when by our letters he has learned that the Caesarian agents have come to seize those same assets not by their own discretion, but that the vigor of justice has determined this to be done. <x >

CJ.10.1.6: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.1.6: Emperor Constantine

Iustas etiam et quae locum habent fisci actiones praecipimus concremari ob hoc solum, quod suis temporibus prolatae non sunt. iam calumniae privatorum eo saltem arceantur exemplo, quo iustas fisci lites silere praecipimus. * constant.

We further order that even the just actions of the fisc, and those which have standing, be burned for this sole reason: that they were not brought forward in their proper times. Now let the calumnies of private persons be warded off at least by this example, by which we order the just suits of the fisc to fall silent. * constantine.

a. ad provinciales. * <a 319 d.Iii k.Iun.Constantino a.V et licinio c.Conss.>

a. to the provincials. * <in the year 319, on the 3rd day before the Kalends of June, Constantine augustus for the 5th time and licinius caesar, consuls.>

CJ.10.1.7pr.: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.1.7pr.: Emperor Constantine

Defensionis facultas danda est his, quibus aliquam inquietudinem fiscus infert, cum facultates eorundem adhuc controversia pendente inquietari describique fas non sit. * const. a. * <a 326 d.Prid.K.Ian.Sirmio constantino a.Vii et constantio c.Conss>

The opportunity for defense must be given to those upon whom the fisc imposes any disturbance, since the properties of those same persons, while the controversy is still pending, may not lawfully be disturbed and entered on the rolls. * const. a. *

CJ.10.1.7.1: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.1.7.1: Emperor Constantine

Ubi ergo controversia extiterit fisco alicuius patrimonium vindicante, apud eum omnibus facultatibus constitutis cognitio ventiletur, ut, cum rei exitus debere eas vindicari probaverit, tum demum res persequi liceat et super modo facultatum ac rerum interrogationem haberi, quae per condicionales servos investiganda est , ut, si quid subtractum fuerit, exigatur et extrinsecus tantum aliud multae nomine, quantum fuerat per fraudem ablatum. <a 326 d.Prid.K.Ian.Sirmio constantino a.Vii et constantio c.Conss>

Where therefore a controversy shall have arisen, with the fisc claiming someone’s patrimony, let the hearing be ventilated before him, with all his faculties established, so that, when the outcome of the matter has proved that they ought to be vindicated, then at length it may be permitted to pursue the things and to have an inquiry moreover concerning the measure of the faculties and of the things, which is to be investigated through conditional slaves , so that, if anything shall have been subtracted, it be exacted, and, besides, from outside another amount in the name of a fine equal to what had been removed by fraud. <a 326 d.Prid.K.Ian.Sirmio constantino a.Vii et constantio c.Conss>

CJ.10.1.7.2: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.1.7.2: Emperor Constantine

Sane in huiuscemodi quaestione si caesariani nomen inciderit, ad usurpationem constitutionis istius non debebit accedere, si quidem consuetudo fraudium, quibus praedicti omnia temerare consueverunt, exceptionem eorundem meruerit. <a 326 d.Prid.K.Ian.Sirmio constantino a.Vii et constantio c.Conss>

Indeed, in a question of this kind, if the name of the Caesarians should occur, there ought not to be recourse to the usurpation of this constitution, since indeed the custom of frauds, by which the aforesaid have been accustomed to violate everything, has earned an exception against those same persons. <a 326 d.Prid.K.Ian.Sirmio constantino a.7 et constantio c.Conss>

CJ.10.1.8: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.1.8: Emperors Valentinian, Valens

Qui in contractibus scaelestis ac fisco perniciosis interversorum maculosis se fraudibus implicuerunt, in quadrupli redhibitionem teneantur. * valentin. et valens aa. ad dracontium vic.

Those who have entangled themselves in criminal contracts and in frauds, stained by the misappropriations pernicious to the fisc, shall be held to redhibition in quadruple. * valentinian and valens, the augusti, to dracontius, vicarius.

africae. * <a 365 d.Xv k.Dec.Hadrumeto valentiniano et valente aa.Conss.>

Africa. * <year 365, on November 17, at Hadrumetum, when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls.>

CJ.10.1.9: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.1.9: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Super creandis susceptoribus periculo procuratorum rei dominiciae dispositionem tuae sublimitatis firmam esse praecipimus, ita ut, omni ambitione cessante, quae statuta sunt quaeque antiqua consuetudine commendantur, in pabulis vel sumptu familiae ministrando intemerata permaneant: super irenarcho et optione omni antiqua consuetudine observanda. * honor. et theodos.

Concerning the appointing of receivers, we order that the disposition of your Sublimity be firm under the liability of the procurators of the imperial domain, so that, all ambition ceasing, the things that have been established and which are commended by ancient custom may remain inviolate in supplying fodder or the expense of the household: concerning the irenarch and the optio, all ancient custom is to be observed. * Honorius and Theodosius.

aa. patricio com. rer. privat.

the emperors to the patrician, count of the private affairs.

* <a 420 d.Iii k.Ian.Constantinopoli theodosio a.Viiii et constantio iii conss.>

* <a 420 on the 3rd day before the Kalends of January, at Constantinople, Theodosius Augustus for the 9th and Constantius for the 3rd, consuls.>

CJ.10.1.10: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.1.10: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Eorum patrimonia mortuorum, qui vitae suae tempore diversis conscientiam suam dicuntur polluisse criminibus, fisci rationibus nequaquam competere vel ab eo alienari censemus, nisi post publicam accusationem eos constiterit fuisse convictos. * honor. et theodos.

We decree that the patrimonies of the dead, who are said during their lifetime to have defiled their conscience with various crimes, are in no way to belong to the accounts of the fisc or be alienated by it, unless after a public accusation it has been established that they were convicted. * honorius and theodosius.

aa. palladio pp. * <a 421 d.Viii id iul.Ravennae eustathio et agricola conss.>

the emperors to Palladius, praetorian prefect. * <year 421, on the 8th day before the Ides of July, at Ravenna, Eustathius and Agricola being consuls.>

CJ.10.2.0. De conveniendis fisci debitoribus.

CJ.10.2.0. On suing the debtors of the fisc.

CJ.10.2.1: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.2.1: Emperor Gordian

Non iniusta ratione desideratis repromissa fisco indemnitate eos principali loco conveniri, qui reliqua contraxerunt, mox ad vos perveniri, qui ab his quaedam mercati estis. * gord. a. saturnino et aliis.

You not unjustly desire that, with indemnity to the fisc having been promised, those who incurred the arrears be proceeded against in the first place, and thereafter that recourse be had to you who bought certain things from them. * Gordian Augustus to Saturninus and others.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.2.2: Imperatores valer., gallien.

CJ.10.2.2: Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.

Fisco quidem contra te manet actio, quod argentum, quod inferre debebas, rationibus fuit relatum, si cautioni, quae tibi super eo exposita est, tabularius non subnotavit. aequum est tamen, ut prius de bonis eius qui exactor fuit, si solvendo est et conveniendi eius facultas datur, indemnitati fisci satisfiat, tunc a te, si servari hic modus non possit, reposcatur. * valer.

The fisc indeed has an action against you, because the silver which you ought to pay in has been entered in the accounts, if the tabularius did not subnote upon the caution which was presented to you concerning it. It is equitable, however, that first from the goods of him who was the exactor, if he is solvent and the faculty of convening him is afforded, satisfaction be made to the indemnity of the fisc; then from you, if this method cannot be observed, let it be demanded back. * Valerian.

et gallien. aa. et valer. c.Patrophilo.

and Valerian and Gallienus, the Augusti, and Valerian, Caesar, to Patrophilus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.2.3pr.: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.2.3pr.: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Quoniam augurio ac filio eius ad exigenda reliqua consortes vos atque sociatos esse dicatis eisque certorum dumtaxat nominum exactionem mandatam nec inter eum et ceteros, qui exactores fuerant nominati, confusae exactionis mutuum periculum constitutum, sed separato muneris obsequio discretam sollicitudinis rationem fuisse adseveratis, a iure non discrepat, ut prius ex bonis exactorum, qui principali loco ad exactionem fuerant destinati, indemnitati fiscali satisfiat, postque eos, si solidum debitum exsolutum non sit, nominatores conveniri. * diocl. et maxim.

Since you say that you were partners and associated with Augurius and his son for exacting the arrears, and that to them the exaction of certain specified names only was entrusted, and that there was not established between him and the others who had been named as collectors a mutual risk of a confused (commingled) exaction, but you assert that, the performance of the office being separate, there was a distinct account of responsibility: it does not disagree with the law that first, out of the goods of the collectors who had been appointed in the principal place for the exaction, satisfaction be made for the fiscal indemnity, and after them, if the entire debt has not been paid, the nominators be proceeded against. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. ianuario. * <a xxx >

the Augusti. in January. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.2.3.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.2.3.1: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Rationalis igitur noster iuris ordinem sequetur, excussisque exactorum facultatibus nec non etiam nominatorum, si fiscus in universi debiti quantitate securitatem indemnitatis consecutus non fuerit, etiam vos ad restituenda fiscalia debita adstringet. <a xxx >

Therefore our rationalis will follow the order of law, and, after the resources of the collectors have been examined, as likewise of the persons named, if the fisc has not obtained security of indemnity for the amount of the entire debt, he will also bind you to restore the fiscal debts. <a xxx >

CJ.10.2.4: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

CJ.10.2.4: The Emperors Valentinian, Valens, Gratian

Hi, qui fisco nostrae mansuetudinis obnoxii sunt, omissa frustratione teneantur, ut, quod suis nominibus debent, de suis facultatibus cogantur exsolvere, servatis, cum compleverint, adlegationibus propriis, si quas adversus quoscumque ex suis contractibus debitores competere sibi ex iure crediderint, ita ut adversus eos, quos sibi obnoxios adseverant, legibus et iudiciis experiendum esse cognoscant. * valentin. valens et grat.

Those who are liable to the fisc of our clemency, with evasion set aside, shall be held so that, what they owe in their own names, they are compelled to discharge from their own resources, their own allegations being preserved, when they have completed [payment], if any they shall have believed to be competent to them by law against any debtors arising from their own contracts, in such a way that they understand that, against those whom they assert to be liable to them, the matter must be pursued under the laws and in the courts. * valentinian, valens, and gratian

aaa. ad archelaum com. orientis.

aaa. to archelaus, count of the east.

* <a 369 d.Iii non.Iul.Novioduno valentiniano np.Et victore conss.>

* <in the year 369, on the 3rd day before the Nones of July, at Noviodunum, with Valentinian, most noble youth, and Victor, consuls.>

CJ.10.2.5pr.: Imperatores Valens, Gratianus, Valentinianus

CJ.10.2.5pr.: The Emperors Valens, Gratian, Valentinian

Inter chartulas confiscati brevis quidam adseveratur inventus, qui nomina continebat debitorum seu contractorum. * valens grat. et valentin.

Among the papers of the confiscated man, a certain brief is averred to have been found, which contained the names of debtors or contractors. * valens grat. and valentin.

aaa. fortunatiano com. rer.

the emperors to Fortunatianus, count of the Private Estate.

privat.* <a 377 d.Prid.Non.Iul.Hierapoli gratiano a.Iiii et merobaude conss. >

private.* <a in the year 377, given on the day before the Nones of July, at Hierapolis, when Gratian Augustus for the 4th time and Merobaudes were consuls. >

CJ.10.2.5.1: Imperatores Valens, Gratianus, Valentinianus

CJ.10.2.5.1: Emperors Valens, Gratian, Valentinian

Cum tamen neque testibus credita pecunia probaretur neque cautionibus ea quae brevi inserta sunt ostendantur, iniquum esse perspeximus, ut sub propriae adnotationis manu unusquisque faciat debitorem. <a 377 d.Prid.Non.Iul.Hierapoli gratiano a.Iiii et merobaude conss. >

Since, however, neither the money credited is proved by witnesses nor are those things which have been inserted in the brief shown by bonds, we have perceived it inequitable that, under the hand of his own annotation, each person should make another a debtor. <a 377 d. the day before the Nones of july, at hierapolis, in the consulship of gratian augustus for the 4th time and merobaudes, consuls. >

CJ.10.2.5.2: Imperatores Valens, Gratianus, Valentinianus

CJ.10.2.5.2: The Emperors Valens, Gratian, Valentinian

Occasionis igitur huius calumniam praesenti volumus iussione cohiberi, ut brevis vanitate reiecta nullus ad redhibitionem de his, quorum nomina conscripta sunt, urgeatur. <a 377 d.Prid.Non.Iul.Hierapoli gratiano a.Iiii et merobaude conss. >

Therefore we wish the pretext of this calumny to be restrained by this present order, so that, the vanity of the writ rejected, no one be pressed to redhibition concerning those whose names are written down. <a 377 on the day before the Nones of July, at Hierapolis; Gratian in his 4th and Merobaudes, consuls. >

CJ.10.2.5.3: Imperatores Valens, Gratianus, Valentinianus

CJ.10.2.5.3: Emperors Valens, Gratianus, Valentinianus

Quod et in aliis similibus causis observandum esse censemus. <a 377 d.Prid.Non.Iul.Hierapoli gratiano a.Iiii et merobaude conss. >

We judge that this too must be observed in other similar cases. <a 377 d.Prid.Non.Iul.Hierapoli gratiano a.4 et merobaude conss. >

CJ.10.3.0. De fide et iure hastae fiscalis et de adiectionibus.

CJ.10.3.0. On the credit and the law of the fiscal spear and on additions.

CJ.10.3.1: Imperator Antoninus

CJ.10.3.1: Emperor Antoninus

Quod in libellum contulisti, procuratori meo, ad cuius officium desiderium tuum pertinet, adlega. cui si probaveris non auctore procuratore vel eo, cui vendendi fuit facultas, neque habitis hastis nec omni ordine peracto venditas res esse, et id quod ex causa iudicati debes exsolveris, rescissa venditione mala fide facta easdem res recipies cum fructibus, quos ad emptorem mala fide pervenisse vel pervenire debere constiterit. * ant.

What you have set down in your petition, submit to my procurator, to whose office your desire pertains. If you prove to him that the things were not sold with the procurator as author, nor by him who had the faculty of selling, nor with the spears held (i.e., the auction), nor with the whole procedure carried through, and if you discharge what you owe on account of the judgment, the sale made in bad faith being rescinded, you will receive back the same things with the fruits which it is established have come to, or ought to come to, the purchaser in bad faith. * ant.

a. agortiae. * <a 213 pp.Non.Ian.Antonino a.Iiii et balbino conss.>

at Agortiae. * <in 213, on the day before the Nones of January, under Antoninus Augustus, consul for the 4th time, and Balbinus, consuls.>

CJ.10.3.2: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.3.2: Emperor Gordian

Duplex ratio desiderium tuum iuvat, et quod praetermissa hastarum sollemnitate possessiones tuas ex officio distractas suggeris, et quod pretii vilitate ob exiguum debitum gratiosam emptionem in fraudem tuam utilitatemque rationum mearum adversarium commentum fuisse dicis. quapropter illicita ista redargue, tam indemnitati fisci consulturus quam tuae securitati opem laturus. * gord.

A double ground assists your desire: both that, with the solemnity of the spear‑auction omitted, you allege that your possessions were sold off ex officio, and that, by the cheapness of the price on account of a slight debt, you say a gracious purchase was contrived by your adversary to your prejudice and to the disadvantage of the utility of my accounts. Wherefore refute these illicit acts, as much to provide for the indemnity of the fisc as to bring help to your own security. * gord.

a. heracleoni. * <a 239 pp.V k... gordiano a.Et aviola conss.>

to Heracleon. * <in the year 239, on the 5th day before the Kalends of ..., when Gordian Augustus and Aviola were consuls.>

CJ.10.3.3: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.3.3: Emperor Gordian

Etsi instrumenta emptionis non extent, quibuscumque tamen probationibus uxor tua ostenderit ad se eam domum pertinere, quam a fisco eius nomine dicis comparatam , pretiumque ab ea exsolutum et in eam dominium translatum, frustra fiscum ex persona matris eius referre quaestionem procurator meus non sinet. * gord. a. crispo.

Although the instruments of purchase are not extant, yet, by whatever proofs your wife shall show that that house pertains to herself, which you say was bought from the fisc in her name , and that the price was paid by her and ownership transferred to her, my procurator will not allow the fisc to raise a question in vain on the basis of her mother’s person. * gordian augustus to crispus.

* <a 239 pp.V k.Nov.Gordiano a.Et aviola conss.>

* <in the year 239. published on the 5th day before the Kalends of November. Gordianus Augustus and aviola, consuls.>

CJ.10.3.4: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.3.4: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Si tempora, quae in fiscalibus hastis statuta sunt, patiuntur, cum etiam augmentum te facturam esse profitearis, adi rationalem nostrum, ut iuxta ius pretii uberioris oblationem admittat. * diocl. et maxim.

If the time-limits that are set at the fiscal auctions allow, since you also profess that you will make an augmentation, approach our rationalis, so that in accordance with the law of the higher price he may admit the tender. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. Marcellinae. * <a 290 pp.Iii id.Ian.Sirmi ipsis iiii et iii aa. conss.>

the Augusti to Marcellina. * <year 290, on the 3rd day before the Ides of January, at Sirmium, when the Augusti themselves were consuls for the 4th and 3rd time.>

CJ.10.3.5pr.: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

CJ.10.3.5pr.: Emperors Valentinian, Valens, Gratian

Quaecumque pro reliquis prodigorum in annonario titulo ceterisve fiscalibus debitis in quibuscumque corporibus sub auctione licitanda sunt, fisco auctore vendantur, ut perpetuo penes eos sint iure dominii, quibus res huiusmodi sub hastae sollemnis arbitrio fiscus addixerit. * valentin. valens et grat.

Whatever things, for the arrears of prodigals under the annona title or other fiscal debts, in whatever corporations, are to be put up under auction, let them be sold with the fisc as author, so that they may be perpetually, by right of dominion, with those to whom the fisc shall have adjudged such things under the adjudication of the solemn spear (auction). * valentinian, valens and gratian

aaa. ad viventium pp.Galliarum. * <a 369 d.Iii id.Nov.Treviris valentiniano np.Et victore conss.>

aaa. to Viventius, praetorian prefect of the Gauls. * <in the year 369, on the 3rd day before the Ides of November, at Trier, when Valentinian the Most Noble Boy and Victor were consuls.>

CJ.10.3.5.1: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

CJ.10.3.5.1: Emperors Valentinian, Valens, Gratian

Et si quid umquam, ut a fisco facta venditio possit infringi, auctoritate rescripti fuerit impetratum, nullus obtemperet, cum etiam minoribus, si quando aliquid ex rebus eorum pro fiscalibus debitis adiudicatur emptoribus, repetitionis facultas in omnem intercipiatur aetatem. <a 369 d.Iii id.Nov.Treviris valentiniano np.Et victore conss.>

And if ever anything should be obtained by the authority of a rescript, in order that a sale made by the fisc might be broken, let no one obey, since even for minors, if ever anything from their goods is adjudicated to purchasers for fiscal debts, the faculty of repetition is cut off for all time. <a 369 d.3 id.Nov.Treviris valentiniano np.Et victore conss.>

CJ.10.3.6: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

CJ.10.3.6: Emperors Valentinian, Valens, Gratian

Si qui proscribente ac distrahente fisco debitorum fiscalium emerint facultates, pro earum rerum tantum pretio obnoxii sint, quas eos patuerit decursis hastis et proscriptione habita comparasse. nam ita eos munimus, ut nullius conventioni reliquorum fiscalium nomine patiamur extrinsecus subiacere. * valentin.

If any, with the fisc proscribing and selling off for fiscal debts, have purchased assets, let them be liable only for the price of those things which it shall be evident they acquired, the spears having run and a proscription having been held. For thus we protect them, so that we do not allow them to be subject from outside to any suit in the name of the remaining fiscal arrears. * valentin.

valens et grat. aaa. ad felicem com.

valens and gratian, the augusti, to felix, count.

sacr. lar * <a 370 d.Vii id.Mart.Marcianopoli valentiniano et valente aa.Conss. >

sacred largesses * <a 370 on the 7th day before the Ides of March, at Marcianopolis, when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls. >

CJ.10.4.0. De venditione rerum fiscalium cum privatis communium.

CJ.10.4.0. On the vendition of fiscal things common with private persons.

CJ.10.4.1pr.: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.4.1pr.: The Emperor Alexander Severus

Forma est, quotiens ad fiscum vel minima portio rei pertineat, ut universa a procuratoribus meis distrahantur, sed pretium partis tantum in fiscum redigatur, reliquum dominis partium restituatur. * alex. a. victorio.

The form is, whenever even the smallest portion of a thing pertains to the fisc, that the whole be sold off by my procurators, but that only the price of the portion be paid into the fisc, the remainder be restored to the owners of the shares. * Alexander Augustus to Victorius.

* <a 225 pp.Vii k.Oct.Fusco et dextro conss.>

* <a 225, on the 7th day before the Kalends of October, Fuscus and Dexter, consuls.>

CJ.10.4.1.1: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.4.1.1: Emperor Alexander Severus

Emptorem igitur praediorum, de quibus libellum dedisti, apud suum iudicem conveni usurum defensionibus, si quae sibi competunt. <a 225 pp.Vii k.Oct.Fusco et dextro conss.>

Therefore summon the purchaser of the estates, concerning which you submitted a libellus (petition), before his proper judge; he will avail himself of defenses, if any pertain to him. <year 225, on the 7th day before the Kalends of October, under the consuls Fuscus and Dexter.>

CJ.10.5.0. Ne fiscus rem quam vendidit evincat.

CJ.10.5.0. That the fiscus not evict the thing which it sold.

CJ.10.5.1pr.: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.5.1pr.: Emperor Alexander Severus

Gravissimum verecundia mea duxit, ut, cuius rei pretium, cum bona fide esset addicta, semel fiscus acceperit, eius controversiam referat. * alex. a. ad rationales.

My modesty has judged it most grave that the fiscus should revive a controversy over a matter the price of which—since it had been adjudged in good faith—the fiscus has once received. * Alexander Augustus to the rationales.

* <a 228 d.Xv k.Mai.Modesto et probo conss.>

* <a year 228 day 15 before the Kalends of May. Modestus and Probus, consuls.>

CJ.10.5.1.1: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.5.1.1: Emperor Alexander Severus

Non solum ergo emptorem ab eadem statione, sed ne ab alia quidem quaestionem pati debere aequum est, cum et in his venditionibus emptore non inquietato officia inter se possint experiri. <a 228 d.Xv k.Mai.Modesto et probo conss.>

Therefore it is equitable that the purchaser should have to endure inquiry not only not from that same station, but not even from another, since even in these venditions, with the purchaser not being troubled, the offices can pursue proceedings among themselves. <a year 228, on the 15th day before the Kalends of May, under Modestus and Probus, consuls.>

CJ.10.5.2: Imperator Marcianus

CJ.10.5.2: Emperor Marcian

Retractare fiscum, quod semel vendidit, aequitatis honestatisque ratio non patitur. * marcian. a. palladio pp. orientis.

to retract to the fisc what it has once sold, the principle of equity and honor does not permit. * marcian augustus to palladius, praetorian prefect of the east.

* <a 451 d.V k.Ian.Constantinopoli marciano a. cons.>

* <a in the year 451 on the 5th day before the Kalends of January at Constantinople Marcian Augustus, consul.>

CJ.10.6.0. De his qui ex publicis rationibus mutuam pecuniam acceperunt.

CJ.10.6.0. On those who have taken money on loan from public accounts.

CJ.10.6.1: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.6.1: Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Si quis ab exactoribus tabulariis arcariis officiisve rationum fenebrem pecuniam sumpserit, detectus in eodem ad quadrupli poenam ex hac auctoritate teneatur. * valentin. et valens aa. ad probum pp. * <a 368 vel 370 d.Iiii id.Mart.Treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss.>

If anyone shall have taken usurious money from tax-collectors, tabularii, arcarii, or the offices of accounts, upon being detected therein he shall, by this authority, be held to the penalty of fourfold. * Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, to Probus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 368 or 370 on the 4th day before the Ides of March at Trier, when Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, were consuls.>

CJ.10.6.2pr.: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.6.2pr.: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Sciant omnes accipiendi mutuo ex largitionibus sacris auri non patere cuiquam facultatem. * grat. valentin.

Let all know that the faculty of receiving gold on loan from the Sacred Largesses is open to no one. * Gratian and Valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. palladio com.

and theodosius, the augusti, to palladius the count.

sacr. larg. * <a 381 d.Xii k.Aug.Heracleae eucherio et syagrio conss.>

sacred largesses. * <a in the year 381, on the 12th day before the kalends of august, at heraclea, in the consulship of eucherius and syagrius.>

CJ.10.6.2.1: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.6.2.1: Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Quod si quis aurum ex nostro aerario privatis commodis profuturum occulte aut cautionis aut sponsionis fide ut debitor redditurus sine nostra auctoritate acceperit, ablatis bonis omnibus perpetuae deportationis subdetur exilio. <a 381 d.Xii k.Aug.Heracleae eucherio et syagrio conss.>

But if anyone, without our authority, shall have taken gold from our treasury, destined to be of benefit for private advantages, secretly or under the good faith of a guaranty (cautio) or a sponsion (suretyship), as one who, as a debtor, would return it, he shall be subjected to the exile of perpetual deportation, with all his goods taken away. <in 381 on the 12th day before the Kalends of August, at Heraclea, eucherius and syagrius consuls.>

CJ.10.6.2.2: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.6.2.2: Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Is etiam, qui ex memoratis thesauris sub specie publici creditoris aurum cuiquam commodarit ac dederit, capitali sententia subiugetur. <a 381 d.Xii k.Aug.Heracleae eucherio et syagrio conss.>

He also who, from the aforementioned treasuries, under the guise of a public creditor, shall have lent and given gold to anyone, shall be subjected to a capital sentence. <a 381 on the 12th day before the Kalends of August at Heraclea, in the consulship of Eucherius and Syagrius.>

CJ.10.7.0. Poenis fiscalibus creditores praeferri.

CJ.10.7.0. Creditors to be preferred to fiscal penalties.

CJ.10.7.1: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.7.1: The Emperor Alexander Severus

Rem suam persequentibus poenae exactio postponitur. sicut itaque in sortis quantitate fisci persecutio potior est, ita in triplo quod poenae nomine adiectum est propria forma ferenda est. * alex.

For those pursuing their own property, the exaction of the penalty is postponed. Just as, therefore, in the amount of the principal the fisc’s pursuit is superior, so as to the triple which has been added under the name of a penalty, it must be dealt with in its own proper form. * alex.

a. Marcello. * <a 224 pp.K.Iul.Iuliano et crispino conss.>

to Marcellus. * <a 224 the day before the Kalends of July, in the consulship of Julianus and crispinus.>

CJ.10.8.0. De fiscalibus usuris.

CJ.10.8.0. On fiscal usury.

CJ.10.8.1: Imperator Antoninus

CJ.10.8.1: Emperor Antoninus

Eius summae, quam tibi poenae nomine inflictam probaturus es, usurae non exigentur: nec enim multam tibi procurator meus inrogavit ultra quam placitum est, sed poenam te iussit inferre. * ant. a. antiocho.

Interest on that sum which you will prove was inflicted upon you under the name of a penalty shall not be demanded: for my procurator did not impose upon you a fine beyond what was agreed, but ordered you to pay the penalty. * antoninus augustus to antiochus.

* <a 216 pp.Xv k.Dec.Sabino et anullino conss.>

* <year 216: 15 days before the Kalends of December; Sabinus and anullinus, consuls.>

CJ.10.8.2: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.8.2: Emperor Alexander Severus

Si sub pignore creditum fuit, etiam fiscum, qui successit in locum debitoris, usuras praestare oportet, si eas dependi saltem pacto placuit. * alex. a. victorino.

If credit was extended under a pledge, even the fisc, which has succeeded to the place of the debtor, ought to pay interest, if it has at least been agreed by pact that they be paid. * alexander augustus to victorinus.

* <a 224 pp.Iii non.Sept iuliano et crispino conss.>

* <A.D. 224, on the 3rd day before the Nones of September, under the consulship of Julianus and Crispinus.>

CJ.10.8.3: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.8.3: Emperor Justinian

Fiscum etiam nostrum parere sanctioni nostri numinis iubemus, per quam usque ad dimidiam centesimae usuras stipulari creditoribus exceptis certis personis permisimus, ut ipse etiam fiscus ultra dimidiam centesimae partem a debitoribus suis minime exigat, sive principaliter ei promiserunt sive a prioribus suis creditoribus actiones ad eum quocumque modo devolutae sunt. * iust. a. menae pp. * <a 529 d.Viii id.April.Constantinopoli decio vc.Cons.>

We also order our fisc to obey the sanction of our majesty, by which we have permitted creditors—certain persons excepted—to stipulate interest up to one-half of a centesima, so that the fisc itself likewise shall by no means exact from its debtors more than the half part of a centesima, whether they promised to it principally, or the actions have in whatever way devolved to it from their prior creditors. * Justinian Augustus to Mena, praetorian prefect. * <a 529, on the 8th day before the Ides of April, Constantinople, Decius, a most distinguished man, consul.>

CJ.10.9.0. De sententiis adversus fiscum latis retractandis.

CJ.10.9.0. On judgments delivered against the fisc to be reconsidered.

CJ.10.9.1: Imperator Antoninus

CJ.10.9.1: The Emperor Antoninus

Causas, in quibus contra fiscum iudicatum est, intra triennium retractari posse, et post id tempus, si praevaricatio arguatur vel manifesta fraus probetur, notum est. * ant. a. aristaeo.

It is known that causes in which judgment has been given against the fisc can be reconsidered within three years, and after that time, if collusion is alleged or manifest fraud is proven. * antoninus augustus to aristaeus.

* <a 212 pp.Non.Iul. duobus aspris conss.>

* <in the year 212, on the day before the Nones of July, under the two Asprii, consuls.>

CJ.10.10.0. De bonis vacantibus et de incorporatione.

CJ.10.10.0. On vacant property and on incorporation.

CJ.10.10.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.10.1: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Scire debet gravitas tua intestatorum res, qui sine legitimo herede decesserint, fisci nostri rationibus vindicandas nec civitates audiendas, quae sibi earum vindicandarum ius veluti ex permissu vindicare nituntur: et deinceps quaecumque intestatorum bona a civitatibus obtentu privilegiorum suorum occupata esse compereris, ad officium nostrum eadem revocare non dubites. * diocl. et maxim.

Your Gravity ought to know that the property of intestates, who have died without a lawful heir, is to be vindicated to the accounts of our fisc, and that cities are not to be heard which strive to vindicate to themselves a right of claiming them as though by permission; and henceforth, whatever goods of intestates you discover to have been seized by cities under the pretext of their privileges, do not hesitate to call the same back to our office. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. scyrioni rationali. * <a 292 d.Prid.Id.April.Hannibaliano et asclepiodoto conss.>

the Augusti to Scyrion, the rationalis. * <a 292 on the day before the Ides of April, Hannibalianus and asclepiodotus, consuls.>

CJ.10.10.2: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.10.2: Emperor Constantine

Si quando adnotationes nostrae contineant possessionem sive domum, quam donaverimus, " integro statu" donatam, hoc verbo ea vis continebitur, quam ante scribebamus " cum adiacentibus et mancipiis et pecoribus et fructibus et omni iure suo ": ut ea, quae ad instructum possessionis vel domus pertinent, tradenda sint. * const. a. ad aemilium rationalem.

If ever our annotations contain that a possession or a house which we have donated has been donated " integro statu," by this word that force will be included which formerly we used to write as " cum appurtenances and slaves and herds and fruits and all its right ": namely, that the things which pertain to the equipment/furnishing of the possession or the house are to be delivered. * const. a. to aemilius, rationalis.

* <a 313 d.Vi id.Mart.Mediolani constantino a.Iii et licinio conss.>

* <a in the year 313, on the 6th day before the Ides of March, at Milan, in the consulship of Constantine, Augustus, for the 3rd time, and Licinius, consuls.>

CJ.10.10.3pr.: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

CJ.10.10.3pr.: Emperors Valentinian, Valens, Gratian.

Si quando aut alicuius publicatione aut ratione iuris aliquid rei nostrae addendum est, rite atque sollemniter per comitem rerum privatarum, deinde rationales in singulis quibusque provinciis commorantes incorporatio impleatur et diligens stilus singillatim omnia adscribat. * valentin. valens et grat.

If ever, whether by someone’s confiscation (publicatio) or by a ground of law, something is to be added to Our estate, let incorporation be duly and solemnly carried out through the Count of the Private Estates, then by the rationales residing in each and every province, and let a diligent pen record everything individually. * Valentinian, Valens, and Gratian.

aaa. ad florianum com. rer.

aaa. to Florianus, Count of the Private Estate.

privat.* <a 369 d.Iiii k.April.Valentiniano np.Et victore conss.>

private.* <a 369 on the 4th day before the Kalends of April. Under Valentinianus, n.p., and Victor, consuls.>

CJ.10.10.3.1: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

CJ.10.10.3.1: The Emperors Valentinian, Valens, Gratian

Tituli vero, quorum adiectione praedia nostris sunt consecranda substantiis, non nisi publica testificatione ponantur: gravissimis statim subdendis suppliciis, qui huiusmodi aliquid propria usurpatione temptaverint. <a 369 d.Iiii k.April.Valentiniano np.Et victore conss.>

But the titles, by the affixing of which estates are to be consecrated to our fisc, shall not be set up except by public attestation: with the most grievous punishments to be imposed at once upon those who should attempt anything of this sort by private usurpation. <a 369 on the 4th day before the Kalends of April. valentinian n.p. and victor, consuls.>

CJ.10.10.4: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.10.4: Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Vacantia mortuorum bona tunc ad fiscum iubemus transferri, si nullum ex qualibet sanguinis linea vel iuris titulo legitimum reliquerit intestatus heredem. * honor. et theodos.

We command that the vacant goods of the deceased then be transferred to the fisc, if the intestate has left no legitimate heir from any line of blood or by any title of law. * honor. and theodos.

aa. palladio pp. * <a 421 d.Viii id.Iul.Ravennae eustathio et agricola conss.>

the emperors to Palladius, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 421, on July 8, at Ravenna, Eustathius and Agricola consuls.>

CJ.10.10.5pr.: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.10.5pr.: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Si vacantia vel alio modo bona delata legibus ad aerarium perhibeantur, certi palatini electi et iureiurando obstricti mittantur, ut eorum instantia praeses provinciae praesente fisci patrono diligenter inquirat, cuius vacans cadensque fuerit patrimonium, quantumque vel quale videatur. * theodos. et valentin.

If goods that are vacant, or property otherwise conveyed by the laws to the treasury, are reported, let certain selected palatine officials, bound by oath, be sent, so that at their instigation the governor of the province, with the patron of the fisc present, may diligently inquire whose patrimony may be vacant or escheating, and how much and of what kind it appears. * theodosius and valentinian.

aa. hermocrati com. rer. privat.

the emperors to hermocrates, count of the private estate.

* <a 435 d.Vii id.Oct.Constantinopoli theodosio xv et valentiniano iiii aa.Conss.>

* <in the year 435, on the 7th day before the Ides of October, at Constantinople, Theodosius for the 15th time and Valentinian for the 4th, the Augusti, consuls.>

CJ.10.10.5.1: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.10.5.1: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian.

Et cum data reclamandi copia nullum id iure possidere vel vindicare constiterit locumque aerario factum esse tam ipsius relatione quam publicorum monumentorum fide constiterit, rerum nobis notitia intimetur, ut iussu nostro vacantia vel aliae res nomine occupentur aerarii. <a 435 d.Vii id.Oct.Constantinopoli theodosio xv et valentiniano iiii aa.Conss.>

And when, with an opportunity for remonstrating given, it has been established that no one possesses or vindicates it by right, and that the place has been made over to the aerarium both by his own report and by the credibility of the public monuments (records), let notice of the facts be conveyed to us, so that by our order things lying vacant or other property may be occupied in the name of the aerarium. <a 435 on the 7th day before the Ides of October at Constantinople, Theodosius 15 and Valentinian 4, Augusti, consuls.>

CJ.10.10.5.2: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.10.5.2: The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian

Quae forma etiam in parte bonorum vel in una alterave re seu actione una vel etiam pluribus servetur. nam si quid per fraudem in dispendium aerarii fuerit admissum, missi quidem exsecutores non evitant indignationem, praeses autem facultatum parte dimidia multabitur, fisci vero patronus detrimentum quod vitio eius fisco ingeritur resarcire urguebitur. <a 435 d.Vii id.Oct.Constantinopoli theodosio xv et valentiniano iiii aa.Conss.>

Let the same form be observed even in part of the goods, or in one or another thing, or in one action, or even in several. For if anything has been admitted by fraud to the dispendium of the treasury, the executors who were sent will not avoid indignation; however, the governor will be mulcted in half of his means, and the patron of the fisc will be compelled to resarcinate the detriment which by his fault is inflicted upon the fisc. <a 435 on the 7th day before the Ides of October at Constantinople, Theodosius 15 and Valentinian 4, Augusti, consuls.>

CJ.10.11.0. De delatoribus.

CJ.10.11.0. On delators.

CJ.10.11.1: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.11.1: Emperor Alexander Severus

Si ei qui capere potest tacitum fideicommissum relictum est, cessat delatio. his enim prohibetur tacite relinqui, qui palam relictum capere non possunt. * alex.

If a tacit fideicommissum has been left to one who can take, the delation ceases. For it is prohibited that it be left tacitly to those who cannot take what is left openly. * alex.

a. basso. * <a 223 pp.Xiii k.Mai.Maximo ii et aeliano conss.>

to Bassus. * <in 223, published on the 13th day before the Kalends of May, under the consulship of Maximus (2) and Aelianus.>

CJ.10.11.2pr.: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.11.2pr.: The Emperor Gordian

Monente officii sollicitudine, quin immo iussu procuratoris, ut causam ab alio delatam convenienti diligentia instrueres, non ipsum voluntarium delationis munus suscepisse te actorum lectio, quae precibus intexta sunt, manifeste declarat. * gord. a. eutychemo.

The reading of the records, which are interwoven with petitions, plainly declares that, prompted by the solicitude of your office—nay rather by the order of the procurator—to prepare with appropriate diligence a case delated by another, you did not yourself assume the voluntary office of delation. * gordian augustus to eutychemos.

* <a 238 pp.Viii id.Sept.Pio et pontiano conss.>

* <a 238 pp. 8th day before the Ides of September, under the consuls Pius and Pontianus.>

CJ.10.11.2.1: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.11.2.1: Emperor Gordian

Eapropter ne quid in persona tua quod est sectae temporum meorum alienum attemptetur, praeses provinciae vir clarissimus ad sollicitudinem suam revocabit. <a 238 pp.Viii id.Sept.Pio et pontiano conss.>

For that reason, lest anything be attempted upon your person which is alien to the policy of my times, the governor of the province, a most illustrious man, will recall the matter to his solicitude. <a 238, on the 8th day before the Ides of September, under Pius and Pontianus as consuls.>

CJ.10.11.3: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.11.3: Emperor Gordian

Nulla macula vel crimine delatoris adspergitur is, qui, cum ab officialibus fundum seu domum fisci possidere contenderetur, non se sed alium eius rei possessorem esse monstravit. * gord. a. caecilio.

No stain nor the charge of an informer is cast upon him who, when the officials contended that he possessed an estate or a house of the fisc, showed that not he but another was the possessor of that property. * Gordian Augustus to Caecilius.

* <a 241 pp.Prid.K.Iul.Gordiano a.Ii et pompeiano conss.>

* <in the year 241, published the day before the Kalends of July, in the consulship of Gordian as Augustus for the 2nd time and of Pompeianus, consuls.>

CJ.10.11.4: Imperatores carinus, numer.

CJ.10.11.4: The Emperors carinus, numer.

Ex varia statutorum diversitate ad id decursum est, ut hi, qui rei publicae causas defendunt, delatorum criminibus non teneantur, cum omnibus notissimum est eos solos exsecrabiles nuntiatores esse, qui fisco deferunt. * carinus et numer. aa. candido.

From the diverse variance of the statutes it has come to this, that those who defend the causes of the commonwealth are not held by the accusations of informers, since it is most well-known to all that only those announcers are execrable who report to the fisc (imperial treasury). * carinus and numerian, the augusti, to candidus.

* <a 284 pp.Iii k.Sept.Carino et numeriano aa.Conss.>

* <a 284, on the 3rd day before the Kalends of September; Carinus and Numerianus, the Augusti, consuls.>

CJ.10.11.5pr.: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.11.5pr.: Emperor Constantine

Omnes iudices invigilare praecipimus delatores sine fisci advocato denuntiantes poenis adficere. apertissimi enim iuris est, ut, quod ex cuiuscumque patrimonio ceciderit in casum, et legibus et retro iuris ordine fisci advocatis agentibus vindicetur. * const.

We order all judges to be vigilant to subject delators who make denunciations without the advocate of the fisc to penalties. For it is most manifest law that whatever from anyone’s patrimony shall have fallen into forfeiture be vindicated, both by the laws and by the former order of law, by the advocates of the fisc acting. * const.

a. ad provinciales. * <a 335 d.Xi k.April.Constantinopoli constantio et albino conss.>

a. To the Provincials. * <in the year 335, on the 11th day before the Kalends of April, at Constantinople, under the consuls Constantius and Albinus.>

CJ.10.11.5.1: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.11.5.1: Emperor Constantine

Sed quia nonnulli praecipites secundum ius possessa patrimonia deferre non cessant, damus omnibus qui se laesos existimant contra delatores severitatem iudicum implorare ferro destrictam. <a 335 d.Xi k.April.Constantinopoli constantio et albino conss.>

But because certain rash persons do not cease to denounce patrimonies held according to law, we grant to all who think themselves harmed to implore, against informers, the judges’ severity with steel drawn. <a 335 d.11 k.April.Constantinople constantius and albinus consuls.>

CJ.10.11.6: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.11.6: Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Servum domini delatorem iubemus in exemplum omnium proditorum severissimae sententiae subiugari, etiamsi obiecta probaverit, excepto crimine maiestatis. * grat. valentin.

We order that a slave who informs against his master be subjected to the most severe sentence, as an example for all traitors, even if he has proved the charges, except in the case of the crime of majesty (treason). * gratian, valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. panhellenio consulari lydiae.* <a 382 d.Vii k.Nov.Constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss.>

and Theodosius, the Augusti, to Panhellenius, consularis of Lydia.* <a 382 on the 7th day before the Kalends of November (October 26), at Constantinople, when Antonius and Syagrius were consuls.>

CJ.10.12.0. De petitionibus bonorum sublatis.

CJ.10.12.0. On petitions for goods removed.

CJ.10.12.1pr.: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.12.1pr.: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Quisquis in crimine maiestatis deprehensus fuerit et punitus bonaque eius, sicut plectendi consuetudo criminis habet, fiscus invaserit, nullus eadem sub spe munificentiae principalis audeat proprio iure poscere. qui contra legem id ausus fuerit sperare, quod non licet, reus violatae legis habeatur. * grat.

Whoever shall have been apprehended in the crime of treason and punished, and whose goods, as the custom of punishing this crime provides, the fisc has seized, let no one, under the same hope of imperial munificence, dare to demand them in his own right. Whoever, contrary to the law, shall have dared to hope for that which is not permitted, let him be held guilty of a violated law. * grat.

valentin. et theodos. aaa.

Valentinian and Theodosius, the Emperors.

eutropio pp. * <a 380 d.Xvi k.Dec.Thessalonicae gratiano v et theodosio aa.Conss. >

to Eutropius, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 380 on the 16th day before the Kalends of December, at Thessalonica, when Gratian 5 and Theodosius, the Augusti, were consuls. >

CJ.10.12.1.1: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.12.1.1: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Sed quoniam plerumque ita in nonnullis inverecunda petentium inhiatione constringimur, ut etiam non concedenda tribuamus, nec rescripto quidem nostro adversus formam latae legis loci aliquid relinquatur. <a 380 d.Xvi k.Dec.Thessalonicae gratiano v et theodosio aa.Conss. >

But since we are often so constrained in some instances by the shameless avidity of petitioners that we even grant things that ought not to be conceded, yet not even by our rescript is anything left to any locality in contravention of the form of an enacted law. <a 380 on the 16th day before the Kalends of December, at Thessalonica, in the consulship of Gratian 5 and Theodosius, the Augusti. >

CJ.10.12.1.2: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.12.1.2: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Si quid autem ex bonis talibus nostro iudicio, nullo tamen desiderante atque poscente, concedi cuiquam voluerimus, huiusmodi tantum valeat liberalitas. <a 380 d.Xvi k.Dec.Thessalonicae gratiano v et theodosio aa.Conss. >

If, however, in our judgment we should wish that anything from such goods be granted to anyone, with no one nevertheless desiring or asking, let generosity of this kind have force only to this extent. <a 380 on the 16th day before the Kalends of December, at Thessalonica, Gratian 5 and Theodosius, the emperors, consuls. >

CJ.10.12.2pr.: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.12.2pr.: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Omne semen alienas appetendi fortunas stirpitus eruere cupientes nulli deinceps volumus petitionis rerum esse licentiam, etsi intestatus quisquam quaeve ac nullis e numero propinquorum extantibus vel uxore vel marito fati munus impleverit et cuiuscumque sit condicionis aut sectae, seu quolibet titulo res fuerit fiscalis. * theodos. et valentin.

Desiring to uproot root-and-branch every seed of craving after others’ fortunes, we wish that henceforth no one have license for a petition of property, even if some man or woman, intestate and with none from the number of kinsfolk existing, nor a wife nor a husband, has fulfilled the gift of fate, of whatever condition or sect he or she may be, or if under any title the property has become fiscal. * theodos. et valentin.

aa. zoilo pp. * <a 444 d.X k.Mai.Constantinopoli theodosio a.Xviii et albino conss. >

the emperors to zoilus, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 444, on the 10th day before the Kalends of May (April 22), at Constantinople; when Theodosius, in his 18th consulship, and Albinus were consuls. >

CJ.10.12.2.1: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.12.2.1: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian.

Nemo audeat ad petitionem rerum defuncti defunctaeve, cuiuscumque fortunae aut sectae sit, etsi fisco nostro locus pateat, adspirare, cum nec illis quidem, quorum actu atque officio petitionem procedebat effectus, impune liceat nostris sanctionibus adversari. <a 444 d.X k.Mai.Constantinopoli theodosio a.Xviii et albino conss. >

Let no one dare to press a claim to the property of a deceased man or woman, of whatever fortune or sect he may be, even if room lies open to our fisc; since not even those, by whose act and official duty the execution of such a claim used to proceed, are permitted with impunity to oppose our sanctions. <a 444 d. 10 k. May. Constantinople Theodosius a. 18 and Albinus, consuls. >

CJ.10.12.2.1a: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.12.2.1a: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinianus

Sed vir illustris quidem cuiuscumque temporis quaestor, si oblatae petitioni subscripserit vel etiam responsum dederit, virque illustris comes rerum privatarum , si vel instrui permiserit vel petitionem, si qua insinuatur, admiserit, indignationem nostri numinis sustinebunt, ceterisque fient vindictae temeritatis exemplum. <a 444 d.X k.Mai.Constantinopoli theodosio a.Xviii et albino conss. >

But indeed an Illustrious Man, a quaestor at whatever time, if he has subscribed to the proffered petition or even given a response, and an Illustrious Man, the comes rerum privatarum , if he has either allowed himself to be instructed or has admitted the petition, if any is insinuated, will endure the indignation of our Numen, and will become for the rest an example of the punishment of rashness. <a 444 on the 10th day before the Kalends of May, at Constantinople, Theodosius, in his 18th year as Augustus, and Albinus, consuls. >

CJ.10.12.2.1b: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.12.2.1b: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Memoriales vero, qui excipienda eiusmodi rescripta vel implenda ciraverint, et palatinos, qui instruxerint vel gesta admissae petitionis ediderint, bonorum proscriptione puniri decernimus. <a 444 d.X k.Mai.Constantinopoli theodosio a.Xviii et albino conss. >

Indeed, the memoriales who shall have taken down such rescripts or taken care that they be carried out, and the palatine officials who shall have drawn them up or issued the acts of an admitted petition, we decree to be punished by proscription of their goods. <a 444 d.10 k.Mai. Constantinople, Theodosius a.18 and Albinus, conss. >

CJ.10.12.2.2: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.12.2.2: Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Pari forma res etiam civiles et ad ius publicum pertinentes ab omni petitione muniendas esse censemus, scilicet nec pragmatica iussione vel sacra adnotatione vel quolibet oraculo divino seu mandatis, si qua contra hanc sanctionem nostram fuerint impetrata, quodcumque roboris habere valituris. <a 444 d.X k.Mai.Constantinopoli theodosio a.Xviii et albino conss. >

By a like form we judge that matters also civil and pertaining to public law must be fortified against every petition, namely that neither by a pragmatic injunction nor by a sacred annotation nor by any divine oracle or mandates—if any shall have been obtained against this our sanction—will they be able to have any validity of force. <a 444 on the 10th day before the Kalends of May at Constantinople Theodosius a.18 and Albinus, consuls. >

CJ.10.13.0. De his qui se deferunt.

CJ.10.13.0. On those who denounce themselves.

CJ.10.13.1pr.: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.13.1pr.: Emperor Constantine

Is, cuius tacite fidei commissa fuerit hereditas, statim officio gravitatis tuae nuntiet et gesta prodat et continuo quod actum fuerit renuntiet, et post hanc fidem tertiam ab omnibus defuncti bonis percipiat portionem. * const. a. rationalibus hispaniarum.

He, to whose tacit good faith the inheritance has been entrusted, shall immediately notify the office of your gravity, disclose the transactions, and forthwith report what has been done; and, in return for this good faith, let him receive a third portion from all the goods of the deceased. * a constitution to the rationales of the Spains.

* <a 317 d.Id.Mart.Gallicano et basso conss.>

* <a in the year 317, on the Ides of March, in the consulship of Gallicanus and Bassus.>

CJ.10.13.1.1: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.13.1.1: Emperor Constantine

Quod si ab uxore defuncti istud officio devotionis tuae fuerit revelatum, ipsa etiam, quam defunctus esse voluit heredem, si gesta aperuit, tali praemio mancipetur, ut ex omni patrimonio medium consequatur et cum fisco nostro celebret divisionem, id etiam habitura privilegium, ut prior eligat portionem: et tunc occultator ille gestorum, fisci et mulieris pariter inimicus, exutus omni patrimonio suo ac fisco vindicato in insulam deportetur. <a 317 d.Id.Mart.Gallicano et basso conss.>

But if this has been revealed by the wife of the deceased through the office of your devotion, she also, whom the deceased wished to be his heir, if she has disclosed the records, shall be endowed with such a reward that from the entire patrimony she may obtain the half and celebrate the division with our fisc, having also this privilege, that she choose the portion first; and then that concealer of the records, an enemy equally of the fisc and of the woman, stripped of all his patrimony and the fisc vindicated, shall be deported to an island. <a 317 on the Ides of March, Gallicanus and Bassus, consuls.>

CJ.10.14.0. Si liberalitatis imperialis socius sine herede defecerit.

CJ.10.14.0. If a partner in imperial liberality has died without an heir.

CJ.10.14.1: Imperator Constantius

CJ.10.14.1: Emperor Constantius

Iubemus, ut, si quis forte ex his, quibus communiter a nobis aliquid donatum sit , nullo herede relicto decesserit, ad consortem potius solacium quam ad personam aliam pars perveniat decedentis. * constantius a. orioni com. rer.

We order that, if by chance any of those to whom something has been donated by us in common shall have died, leaving no heir, the share of the decedent shall come as a solace to the co‑sharer rather than to any other person. * constantius a. to orion, count of affairs.

privat. * <a 348 d.Xv k.Iul.Mediolani philippo et salia conss.>

private. * <year 348, on the 15th day before the Kalends of July (June 17), at Milan, with Philippus and Salia as consuls.>

CJ.10.15.0. De thesauris.

CJ.10.15.0. On treasures.

CJ.10.15.1pr.: Imperatores Leo, Zeno

CJ.10.15.1pr.: Emperors Leo, Zeno

Nemo in posterum super requirendo in suo vel alieno loco thesauro vel super invento ab alio vel a se effusis precibus pietatis nostrae benignas aures audeat molestare. * leo et zeno aa. epinico consulari. * <a 474 d.Vi id.Oct.Leone iuniore a.Cons.>

Let no one in future dare to trouble the benign ears of our piety with outpoured prayers concerning the searching for a treasure in his own or another’s place, or concerning one found by another or by himself. * leo and zeno, augusti, to epinicus, consular. * <year 474, on the 6th day before the Ides of Oct., with Leo the Younger, consul.>

CJ.10.15.1.1: Imperatores Leo, Zeno

CJ.10.15.1.1: Emperors Leo, Zeno

Nam in suis quidem locis unicuique, dummodo sine sceleratis ac puniendis sacrificiis aut alia qualibet arte legibus odiosa, thesaurum ( id est condita ab ignotis dominis tempore vetustiore mobilia) quaerere et invento uti liberam tribuimus facultatem, ne ulterius dei beneficium invidiosa calumnia persequatur, ut superfluum sit hoc precibus postulare, quod iam lege permissum est, et imperatoriae magnanimitatis videatur praevenire liberalitas postulanda. <a 474 d.Vi id.Oct.Leone iuniore a.Cons.>

For in their own places, indeed, to each person—provided it be without wicked and punishable sacrifices or any other practice hateful to the laws—we grant the free faculty to seek a treasure ( id est movables laid away by unknown owners in an earlier time) and to use what is found, lest God’s benefaction be further pursued by envious calumny, so that it is superfluous to request by petitions what is already permitted by law, and that the liberality of imperial magnanimity may seem to anticipate what would have to be asked for. <a 474 d.Vi id.Oct.Leone iuniore a.Cons.>

CJ.10.15.1.2: Imperatores Leo, Zeno

CJ.10.15.1.2: Emperors Leo, Zeno

In alienis vero terrulis nemo audeat invitis, immo nec volentibus vel ignorantibus dominis opes abditas suo nomine perscrutari. <a 474 d.Vi id.Oct.Leone iuniore a.Cons.>

But on others’ little plots of land, let no one dare—when the owners are unwilling, indeed not even when they are willing or unaware—to search under his own name for hidden wealth. <a 474 d.6 id.Oct.Leone iuniore a.Cons.>

CJ.10.15.1.3: Imperatores Leo, Zeno

CJ.10.15.1.3: Emperors Leo, Zeno

Quod si nobis super hoc aliquis crediderit supplicandum aut praeter huius legis tenorem in alieno loco thesaurum scrutatus invenerit, totum hoc locorum domino cedere compellatur et velut temerator legis saluberrimae puniatur. <a 474 d.Vi id.Oct.Leone iuniore a.Cons.>

But if anyone should believe that a petition ought to be addressed to us on this point, or, contrary to the tenor of this law, should, after searching, find treasure in another’s place, let him be compelled to cede the whole of it to the owner of the place and be punished as a violator of a most salutary law. <a 474, on the 6th day before the Ides of October, in the consulship of Leo the Younger.>

CJ.10.15.1.4: Imperatores Leo, Zeno

CJ.10.15.1.4: Emperors Leo, Zeno

Quod si forte vel arando vel alias terram alienam colendo vel quocumque casu, non studio perscrutandi, in alienis locis thesaurum invenerit, id quod repertum fuerit dimidia retenta altera data cum locorum domino patiatur. ita enim eveniet , ut unusquisque suis fruatur et non inhiet alienis. <a 474 d.Vi id.Oct.Leone iuniore a.Cons.>

And if by chance, either while plowing or otherwise cultivating another’s land, or by whatever accident, not out of zeal for searching, he should find a treasure in places belonging to another, let him keep what has been found, retaining one half and giving the other to the owner of the place. For thus it will come about that each person enjoys his own and does not covet what belongs to others. <a 474 on the sixth day before the Ides of October, Leo the Younger, consul.>

CJ.10.16.0. De annona et tributis.

CJ.10.16.0. On the grain-supply and tributes.

CJ.10.16.2: Imperatores valer., gallien.

CJ.10.16.2: Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.

Aes quidem alienum pro portionibus, ex qua quisque defuncto heres extitit, praestare oportet, annonas autem is solvere debet, qui possessiones tenet et fructus percipit. * valer. et gallien.

Indeed, debt must be discharged in proportion to the shares by virtue of which each person became heir to the deceased; but the annona-levies must be paid by the one who holds the properties and receives the fruits. * Valerian and Gallienus.

aa. et valer. c. antiocho. * <a 260 pp... saeculare et donato conss.>

the Augusti Valerian and Gallienus to Antiochus. * <in the year 260 pp... in the consulship of Saecularis and Donatus.>

CJ.10.16.3: Imperator dec.

CJ.10.16.3: The Emperor Decius.

Indictiones non personis, sed rebus indici solent: et ideo, ne ultra modum earundem possessionum quas possides conveniaris, praeses provinciae prospiciet. * dec. a. citicio.

Indictions are accustomed to be imposed not upon persons but upon things; and therefore, lest you be proceeded against beyond the measure of those same possessions which you possess, the governor of the province will see to it. * Decius Augustus to Citicius.

* <a 249 pp. xvii k. nov. aemiliano et aquilino conss.>

* <in the year 249, on the 17th day before the Kalends of November, in the consulship of Aemilianus and Aquilinus.>

CJ.10.16.4: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.16.4: Emperor Constantine

Omnes pensitare debebunt, quae manus nostrae delegationibus adscribuntur, nihil amplius exigendi. nam si quis vicarius aut rector provinciae aliquid iam cuiquam crediderit remittendum, quod aliis remiserit, de propriis dare facultatibus compelletur. * const.

All must reckon that, as to the items which are ascribed in the delegations of our hand, nothing further is to be exacted. For if any vicarius or rector of a province has now believed that something ought to be remitted to anyone, because he has remitted it to others, he shall be compelled to give it from his own private resources. * const.

a. ad proclianum. * <a 315 d. xv k. iul. constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss.>

a. to Proclianus. * <in 315, on the 15th day before the Kalends of July, with constantine augustus and licinius being consuls for the 4th time.>

CJ.10.16.5: Imperator Constantius

CJ.10.16.5: Emperor Constantius

Omnes omnino ad oblationem functionum publicarum oportet urgueri. lege enim nostra signatum est nec esse extraordinaria nec vocari, quae sollemniter a provincialibus devotissimis conferenda sunt. * constantius a. ad uranium.

All without exception ought to be pressed to the oblation of public functions. For by our law it has been marked that the things which are to be solemnly contributed by the most devoted provincials are not extraordinary, nor to be so called. * constantius a. to uranius.

* <a 339 d. iii non. febr. constantio a. ii et constante conss.>

* <in the year 339, dated the 3rd day before the Nones of February, under constantius augustus for the 2nd time and constans, consuls.>

CJ.10.16.6: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.16.6: Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Pro locis ac proximitate possessionum annonam ad limitem transvehi praecipimus. * valentin. et valens aa. ad dracontium vic.

According to the localities and the proximity of the estates, we order the annona to be conveyed to the frontier. * valentinian and valens the augusti, to dracontius the vicar.

africae. * <a 365 d. xv k. iul. mediolani valentiniano et valente aa. conss.>

africae. * <a 365 on the 15th day before the kalends of july, at milan, valentinian and valens, augusti, consuls.>

CJ.10.16.7: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.16.7: Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

In fraudem annonariae rei ac devotionis publicae elicitum damnabili subreptione rescriptum manifestum est vires non posse sortiri circa omnes igitur par atque aequalis illationis forma teneat. * grat. valentin.

It is manifest that a rescript elicited by damnable surreption, in fraud of the grain-supply interest and the public devotion, cannot acquire force; therefore let a like and equal form of levy hold for all. * Gratian and Valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. ad principium pp. * <a 385 d. viii k. oct.

and theodosius, the augusti, to principius, praetorian prefect. * <a 385 on the 8th day before the kalends of october.

aquileia arcadio a. et bautone conss.>

aquileia, under arcadius augustus and bauto, consuls.>

CJ.10.16.8: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.16.8: Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Nemo possessorum ad instruendas mansiones vel conferendas species longius delegetur, sed omnis itineris ac necessitatis habita ratione delegentur. * valentin. theodos.

Let none of the possessors be delegated farther for equipping the way-stations or for delivering the supplies, but they shall be delegated with due regard had to the whole journey and to necessity. * valentin. theodos.

et arcad. aaa. cynegio pp. * <a 385 d. x k. ian.

and arcadius, augusti. to cynegius, praetorian prefect. * <a 385, on the 10th day before the Kalends of january.

constantinopoli arcadio a. et bautone conss.>

at constantinople arcadius augustus and bauto consuls.>

CJ.10.16.9: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.16.9: Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Mediterraneae civitates antea maritimis et maritimae mediterraneis onerabantur expensis, ut plus haberet dispendii translatio quam devotionis illatio. hoc non solum in praesens, verum etiam in posterum prohibemus ea lege, ut se ultimo noverint supplicio puniendos, qui ista commiserint. * valentin.

Inland cities were previously burdened with expenses for maritime ones, and maritime with those of inland, such that the transfer had more loss than the bringing-in of devotion (contribution). We forbid this not only for the present but also for the future by this law, to the effect that those who have committed these things should know that they are to be punished with the ultimate penalty. * Valentinian.

theodos. et arcad. aaa.

theodosius and arcadius, the augusti.

cynegio pp. * <a 386 d. iii non. sept. valentiae honorio np. et euodio conss.>

to cynegius, praetorian prefect. * <a in the year 386, on the 3rd of the nones of september, at valencia, in the consulship of honorius, most noble boy, and evodius, consuls.>

CJ.10.16.10: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.16.10: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Obsistere commodis publicis et statutis necessitatibus non possunt privilegia dignitatum. unde ut quisque praedii emolumenta consequitur, si non is evoluto anni spatio intra sex menses omnem cui esse constrictus dicitur reliquorum intulerit cumulum, ad ipsos qui sunt domini praedii exactionem volumus pertinere. * arcad.

Privileges of dignities cannot obstruct public commodities and statutory necessities. Hence, as each person obtains the emoluments of an estate, if he does not, with the span of a year elapsed, within six months pay in the whole cumulus of arrears to which he is said to be bound, we wish the exaction to pertain to those very persons who are the owners of the estate. * arcad.

et honor. aa. minervio com. rer.

and honorius, the augusti, to minervius, count of affairs.

privat. * <a 398 pp. romae honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss.>

private. * <in the year 398; at Rome, Honorius Augustus for the 4th time and Eutychianus, consuls.>

CJ.10.16.11: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.16.11: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Iudices, quos circa profliganda aerarii nostri compendia neglegentes ac desides fuisse constiterit, omnia quae in administratione positi perceperunt emolumenta reddere compellantur. * arcad. et honor.

Judges whom it shall be established to have been negligent and idle in regard to the profligate wasting of our treasury’s savings shall be compelled to return all the emoluments which they received while placed in administration. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. hadriano pp. * <a 401 d. iii k. mart. mediolani vincentio et fravito conss.>

The Emperors to Hadrian, the Praetorian Prefect. * <a 401 given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of March, at Milan, when Vincentius and Fravitus were consuls.>

CJ.10.16.12pr.: Imperator Theodosius

CJ.10.16.12pr.: Emperor Theodosius

Id ab unaquaque provincia censuimus expetendum, quod ab isdem nuper esse promissum tua sublimitas indicavit. * theodos. a. isidoro pp. illyrici.

We have decreed that this is to be sought from each province, which your Sublimity has indicated was recently promised by those same persons. * theodosius aug. to isidore, praetorian prefect of illyricum.

* <a 424 d. vi id. oct. constantinopoli victore vc. cons.>

* <in the year 424, on the sixth day before the Ides of October, at Constantinople, under the consulship of Victor, a most distinguished man.>

CJ.10.16.12.1: Imperator Theodosius

CJ.10.16.12.1: Emperor Theodosius

Ut nullus vero de cetero ad possessiones eorum ( quod maxime formidant) inspector accedat, macedonum reliqui exemplum secuti mediae quantitatis, ut obtulisse noscuntur, tributa sucipiant( !). <a 424 d. vi id. oct. constantinopoli victore vc. cons.>

So that no inspector may henceforth approach their estates (which they especially dread), let them, following the example of the rest of the Macedonians, assume tributes of a middle assessment, as they are known to have tendered(!). <a 424 on the 6th day before the Ides of October [October 10], at Constantinople, in the consulship of Victor, v.c.>

CJ.10.16.12.2: Imperator Theodosius

CJ.10.16.12.2: Emperor Theodosius

Sed achivi, qui protestati sunt nihil a se ultra tertiam partem posse conferri, illud exsolvant, ad quod se indubitanter fore idoneos pollicentur. <a 424 d. vi id. oct. constantinopoli victore vc. cons.>

But let the Achaeans, who have declared that nothing beyond a third part can be contributed by them, discharge that which they promise they will undoubtedly be able for. <a 424 on the 6th day before the Ides of October, at Constantinople, Victor, most distinguished man, consul.>

CJ.10.16.12.3: Imperator Theodosius

CJ.10.16.12.3: Emperor Theodosius

Quae dispositio in perpetuum observabitur: sacrosancta thessalonicensis ecclesia civitatis excepta, ita tamen, ut aperta sciat propriae tantummodo capitationis modum beneficio mei numinis sublevandum, nec externorum gravamine tributorum rem publicam ecclesiastici nominis abusione laedendam. <a 424 d. vi id. oct. constantinopoli victore vc. cons.>

Which arrangement will be observed in perpetuity: the sacrosanct church of the city of Thessalonica excepted, yet in such a way that it plainly knows that only the measure of its own capitation-tax is to be lightened by the beneficence of my divinity, and that the commonwealth is not to be injured by the burden of outsiders’ tributes through an abuse of the ecclesiastical name. <given at 424, on the sixth day before the Ides of October, at Constantinople, Victor, a most distinguished man, being consul.>

CJ.10.17.0. De indictionibus.

CJ.10.17.0. On the indictions.

CJ.10.17.1pr.: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.17.1pr.: Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Omnes omnino quocumque titulo possidentes, quod delegatio superindicti nomine videtur amplexa, velut canonem cogantur inferre: et ne qua sit dubietas, hac aperta definitione decernimus, ut id potius canonis vocabulo postuletur. * honor. et theodos.

All without exception who possess under whatever title, in respect of that which the delegation seems to have encompassed under the name of a superindiction, are to be compelled to pay it as a canon; and, lest there be any doubt, by this open definition we decree that it be demanded rather under the term “canon.” * Honorius and Theodosius.

aa. palladio pp. * <a 416 d. vii id. ian. ravennae theodosio a. vii et palladio conss.>

the emperors to Palladius, praetorian prefect. * <year 416, on the 7th day before the Ides of January, at Ravenna, in the consulship of Theodosius, Augustus, for the 7th time, and Palladius.>

CJ.10.17.1.1: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.17.1.1: Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Nulla igitur domus vel sacri patrimonii vel emphyteutici iuris vel hominum privatorum, etiamsi privilegium aliquod habere doceantur, ab hac necessitate seiuncta sit, quae iam non extraordinarium, ut hactenus, sed ipsis facientibus canonicum nomen accepit. <a 416 d. vii id. ian. ravennae theodosio a. vii et palladio conss.>

Therefore let no house, whether of the sacred patrimony or of emphyteutic right or of private persons, even if they are shown to have some privilege, be separated from this necessity, which now has received not the extraordinary name, as hitherto, but the canonical name from the very people effecting it. <a 416 at ravenna, on the 7th day before the ides of january, in the consulship of theodosius augustus 7 and palladius, consuls.>

CJ.10.17.2: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.17.2: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Particulari delegationum notitia ante indictionis exordium singulis transmissa provinciis, collationis modum a possessoribus multo ante prospectum devotionis solitae, non subitis calumniis, tua sublimitas faciat imputari, ut et provincialibus subeundi dispendii necessitas auferatur et officiis ingerendi damna licentia denegetur. * theodos. et valentin.

A particular notice of the assignments, sent to each province before the beginning of the indiction, let your Sublimity cause to be recorded, so that the manner of the levy may be provided for by the landholders long beforehand with their accustomed devotion, and not by sudden chicaneries; in order that both the necessity for the provincials of incurring loss be removed and to the offices the license of imposing damages be denied. * theodos. et valentin.

aa. dario pp. * <a 436 d. v k. sept. apameae isidoro et senatore conss.>

the emperors to darius, praetorian prefect. * <given on august 28, at apamea, in the consulship of isidore and senator, 436.>

CJ.10.18.0. De superindicto.

CJ.10.18.0. On the superindiction.

CJ.10.18.1: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.18.1: Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Nihil superindictorum nomine ad solas praefecturae litteras quisquam provincialis exsolvat, neque ullius omnino indictionis titulus etiam sollemnis immineat, nisi eum nostro confirmata iudicio et imperialibus nexa praeceptis sedis amplissimae deposcat indictio et cogat exactio. * grat. valentin.

Let no provincial pay, under the name of superindictions, upon the mere letters of the Prefecture; nor let the title/claim of any indiction at all, even a solemn one, be incumbent, unless an indiction of the amplest seat, confirmed by our judgment and bound with imperial precepts, demands it and collection compels it. * grat. valentin.

et theodos. aaa. ad proconsules vics omn.

and Theodosius, the Augusti, to the proconsuls and to all vicarii.

rectorres.* <a 382 d. vii k. iun. mediolani antonio et syagrio conss.>

governors.* <year 382, on the seventh day before the Kalends of June, at Milan, Antonius and Syagrius, consuls.>

CJ.10.19.0. De exactionibus tributorum.

CJ.10.19.0. On the exactions of tributes.

CJ.10.19.1: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.19.1: Emperor Constantine

Ducenarii et centenarii sive sexagenarii non prius debent aliquem ex debitoribus convenire, quam a tabulario civitatis nominatim breves accipiant debitorum. quam quidem exactionem sine omni fieri concussione oportet. * const.

Ducenarii and centenarii or sexagenarii ought not to convene any of the debtors before they receive from the city tabularius briefs of the debtors by name. This exaction, moreover, must be carried out without any extortion. * const.

a. ad aelianum procons. africae. * <a 315 d. k. nov.

a. to aelianus, proconsul of africa. * <a 315 on the Kalends of November.

treviris constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii conss.>

at trier, with constantine augustus and licinius, consuls for the 4th time.>

CJ.10.19.2pr.: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.19.2pr.: Emperor Constantine

Nemo carcerem plumbatarumque verbera aut pondera aliaque ab insolentia iudicium reperta supplicia in debitorum solutionibus vel a perversis vel ab iratis iudicibus expavescat. carcer poenalium, carcer hominum noxiorum est: officialium et cum denotatione eorum iudicum, quorum de officio coercitiores esse debebunt, qui contra hanc legem admiserint. * const.

Let no one dread prison, or the blows of lead-weighted lashes, or weights, and other punishments devised by the insolence of judges, in the settlements of debts, whether by perverse or by angry judges. Prison is for the penal, prison is for guilty men: as for officials, and with the denunciation of those judges—who, in regard to their office, ought to be more strictly constrained—those who shall have acted against this law. * const.

a. ad pop. * <a 320 d. k. febr. constantino a. vi et constantino c. conss.>

a. to the people. * <year 320, on the Kalends of February, Constantine Augustus for the 6th time and Constantine Caesar, consuls.>

CJ.10.19.2.1: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.19.2.1: Emperor Constantine

Securi iuxta praesidem transeant solutores: vel certe, si quis tam alienus ab humano sensu est, ut hac indulgentia ad contumaciam abutatur, contineatur aperta et libera et in usum hominum instituta custodia militari. <a 320 d. k. febr. constantino a. vi et constantino c. conss.>

Let payers pass securely beside the governor: or at any rate, if anyone is so alien from human sense as to abuse this indulgence into contumacy, let him be restrained by military custody—open and free and established for the use of men. <in the year 320 on the Kalends of February, constantine augustus 6 and constantine caesar, consuls.>

CJ.10.19.2.2: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.19.2.2: Emperor Constantine

Si in obdurata nequitia permanebit, ad res eius omnemque substantiam eius exactor accedat solutionis obsequio cum substantiae proprietate suscepto. qua facultate praebita omnes fore credimus proniores ad solvenda ea, quae ad nostri usus exercitus pro communi salute poscuntur. <a 320 d. k. febr.

If he persists in obdurate wickedness, let the collector proceed against his goods and his entire substance, the service of payment being undertaken together with the ownership of the estate assumed. With this faculty afforded, we believe that all will be more inclined to pay those things which are demanded for the needs of our army for the common safety. <a 320 d. k. febr.

constantino a. vi et constantino c. conss.>

under the consuls Constantine Augustus for the 6th time and Constantine Caesar.>

CJ.10.19.3: Imperator Constantius

CJ.10.19.3: Emperor Constantius

Quotiens quis et privati debitor invenitur et fisci, et abreptus ab uno officio teneatur, ad universi debiti solutionem qui eum abstulit coartetur ac totius summae exactionem in se suscipiat, qui eundem avellendum subtrahendumque crediderit. * constantius a. nemesiano com. larg.

Whenever anyone is found to be a debtor both to a private party and to the fisc, and, once seized by one office, is held, the one who removed him shall be constrained to the payment of the entire debt and shall take upon himself the exaction of the whole sum, whoever has thought that the same man should be torn away and withdrawn. * constantius augustus to nemesianus, count of the largesses.

* <a 345 d. iiii id. mai. nizibi amantio et albino conss.>

* <in the year 345, on the 4th day before the Ides of May, at Nisibis, in the consulship of Amantius and Albinus.>

CJ.10.19.4: Imperator Constantius

CJ.10.19.4: Emperor Constantius

Actores ceterique rei privatae nostrae ad solutionem specierum sollemnium debiti vigoris auctoritate cogantur, ne provinciales rei privatae nostrae fatiget immunitas. * constantius a. eustathium pp. * <a 349 d. viii id. mart. pp. romae limenio et catullino conss.>

Agents and the rest of our Private Property are to be compelled, by the authority of due rigor, to the payment of the customary species, lest the immunity of our Private Property fatigue the provincials. * constantius augustus to eustathius, praetorian prefect. * <a 349 on the 8th day before the ides of march, published at rome, in the consulship of limenius and catullinus.>

CJ.10.19.5: Imperatores Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.19.5: Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

Apparitores, quicumque in collatione auri praecepti fuerint officii sui adhibere servitium, titulorum debita et collationum summas relationis suae fide et adnotatione praescribant, sitque ex officialis instructione officium conscium, quid exactum quidve perlatum esse videatur, ne longinqui itineris diversitate susceptor abductus et curiae suae desit et rei familiaris detrimenta sustineat. * theodos. arcad.

Apparitors, whoever in the contribution of gold shall have been instructed to apply the service of their office, shall set forth the dues of the headings and the totals of the contributions, by the trustworthiness of their report and by annotation; and let the office, from the instruction of the official, be cognizant of what seems to have been exacted and what conveyed, lest the susceptor, carried off by the remoteness of a long journey, be absent from his curia and suffer detriments to his family estate. * Theodosius, Arcadius.

et honor. aaa. rufino pp. * <a 393 d. prid.

and honorius, the augusti. to rufinus, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 393, given on the day before.

id. april. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss.>

ides of april. at constantinople, under the consulship of theodosius augustus 3 and abundantius.>

CJ.10.19.6: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.19.6: The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

In fiscalibus debitis, hoc est annonariis ceterisque titulis, qui ad arcam eminentissimae pertinent praefecturae, nec non in iis debitis, quae rationalis usurpat officium, rectores provinciarum constringantur et eos necessitas maneat exigendi, a quibus expectatur auctoritas. * arcad. et honor.

In fiscal debts, that is, in the annona-dues and the other titles which pertain to the chest of the most eminent Prefecture, and likewise in those debts which the Rationalis exercises in his office, let the rectors of the provinces be constrained, and let the necessity of exaction remain with those from whom authority is expected. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. theodoro pp. * <a 398 d. viii k. iun. mediolani honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss.>

the emperors to Theodorus, praetorian prefect. * <a in the year 398, on the 8th day before the Kalends of June, at Milan, in the consulship of Honorius Augustus for the 4th time and Eutychianus.>

CJ.10.19.7pr.: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.19.7pr.: The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Missi opinatores cum delegatoriis iudicibus eorumque officiis insistant, ut intra anni metas id quod debetur accipiant: nihil his sit cum possessore commune, cui non militem, sed exactorem, si sit obnoxius, convenit imminere. * arcad. et honor.

Let dispatched estimators, together with delegated judges and their offices, press the matter, so that within the limits of the year they may receive what is owed: let there be nothing in common between these men and the possessor, upon whom, if he is liable, it is fitting that not a soldier but a collector should press. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. hadriano pp. * <a 401 d. iii id. iul. mediolani vincentio et fravito conss.>

The Emperors to Hadrian, Praetorian Prefect. * <A.D. 401, on the third day before the Ides of July, at Milan, under the consulship of Vincentius and Fravitus.>

CJ.10.19.7.1: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.19.7.1: The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Iudices itaque, qui provinciales passi fuerint opinatoribus delegari, eiusdem quantitatis duplex poena retinebit: et apparitores ex quodlibet officio sententiam deportationis excipient, si per semet exigendos voluerint delegare militibus: et curiales temporale manebit exilium, si eos quos sollemniter exigere consuerunt opinatoribus putaverint esse tradendos, cum iudicem oporteat inquirere debitores, tabularios fideliter providere nomina debitorum, apparitores sive curiales consuetudine servata regionum convictis debitoribus imminere: ut perceptis congruis emolumentis opinatores impleto anno ad proprios numeros valeant remeare. <a 401 d. iii id. iul. mediolani vincentio et fravito conss.>

Judges, therefore, who shall have allowed provincials to be delegated to opinatores shall incur a double penalty of the same amount: and apparitors from whatever office will receive the sentence of deportation, if they have wished to delegate to soldiers those who ought to be exacted by themselves: and the curiales shall incur temporary exile, if they shall have thought that those whom they are wont solemnly to exact are to be handed over to the opinatores, since it is proper that the judge inquire after the debtors, that the tabularii faithfully provide the names of the debtors, that the apparitors or the curiales, the custom of the regions being observed, press upon the convicted debtors: so that, upon receipt of appropriate emoluments, the opinatores, the year completed, may be able to return to their own units.

CJ.10.19.7.2: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.19.7.2: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Qui si ultra annum protracti fuerint, iudices et officia absque ulla mora de proprio cogantur exsolvere militibus quod debetur, ipsis adversus obnoxios repetitione servata. <a 401 d. iii id. iul. mediolani vincentio et fravito conss.>

If they shall have been prolonged beyond a year, the judges and the offices shall be compelled without any delay to pay from their own (means) to the soldiers what is owed, with the right of repetition (recourse) preserved to them against those liable. <a 401 d. iii id. iul. mediolani vincentio et fravito conss.>

CJ.10.19.7.3: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.19.7.3: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Quod si ad nos aliqua de retentis opinatoribus querella pervenerit, in duplum ab his protinus exigetur, ut partem debitam miles, reliquum fiscus accipiat. <a 401 d. iii id. iul. mediolani vincentio et fravito conss.>

But if any complaint should reach us concerning assessors who have withheld, double shall at once be exacted from them, so that the soldier may receive the due portion, and the remainder the fisc may take. <a 401 d. iii id. iul. mediolani vincentio et fravito conss.>

CJ.10.19.7.4: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.19.7.4: The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius

Iudicibus quoque eorumque officiis eatenus subvenimus, ut in contumaces debitores cuiuslibet dignitatis auctoritatem suam exserant ac, si impudenter solutio differatur, actores procuratores eorumque praedia persequantur, de eorum quoque nominibus ad nostram scientiam relaturi. <a 401 d. iii id. iul. mediolani vincentio et fravito conss.>

We also come to the aid of the judges and their offices to this extent: that they assert their authority against contumacious debtors of whatever dignity, and, if payment is shamelessly deferred, they pursue the agents, the procurators, and their predial estates, also to report their names to our knowledge. <a 401 on the 3rd day before the Ides of July, at Milan, Vincentius and Fravitus, consuls.>

CJ.10.19.8: Imperatores Leo, Anthemius

CJ.10.19.8: Emperors Leo, Anthemius

Si divina domus aut quilibet cuiuscumque dignitatis atque fortunae re vera fundos extra metrocomias non patrocinii gratia, sed emptionis iure vel quolibet alio titulo legitimo possederit et non impositas rei publicae functiones agnoverit, quemadmodum prior dominus dependebat, omnibus modis possessiones eorum publico vindicentur et curiae eiusdem civitatis sub qua vici siti sunt adsignentur, ut publicis commoditatibus circa tributarias functiones undique nostra provisione videatur esse consultum. * leo et anthem. aa. nicostrato pp. * <a 468 d. k. sept.

If the divine house or anyone of whatever dignity and fortune has in truth possessed estates outside the metrocomiae not for the sake of patronage, but by right of purchase or by any other legitimate title, and has acknowledged the functions owed to the republic as not newly imposed, just as the prior owner used to pay, by every means their possessions shall be vindicated to the public and assigned to the curia of that same city under which the villages are situated, so that for public advantages concerning tributary functions it may seem that on all sides provision has been made by our providence. * leo and anthemius, emperors, to nicostratus, praetorian prefect. * <a 468 on the kalends of september.

anthemio a. ii cons.>

Anthemius Augustus, consul for the 2nd time.>

CJ.10.20.0. De superexactionibus.

CJ.10.20.0. On excessive exactions.

CJ.10.20.1pr.: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.20.1pr.: The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius

Quidquid ultra debitum elicitum fuerit a curialibus vel cohortalibus vel aliis exactoribus, in duplum eruatur, quod provincialibus restitui protinus oportebit. * arcad. et honor.

Whatever beyond what is due shall have been exacted by curials or cohortals or other exactors, let it be recovered in double, which must be restored at once to the provincials. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. apollodoro procons. africae. * <a 400 d. prid.

the emperors to apollodorus, proconsul of africa. * <a 400 on the day before

id. mart. mediolani stilichone et aureliano conss.>

the Ides of March, at Milan, with Stilicho and Aurelian as consuls.>

CJ.10.20.1.1: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.20.1.1: The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Si quis autem exactorum in superexactionis crimen fuerit confutatus, capitali periculo cupiditas eius amovenda atque prohibenda est, si in isdem sceleribus perseveret. <a 400 d. prid. id. mart.

If any of the exactors (tax-collectors) shall have been convicted of the crime of over-exaction, his cupidity must be removed and restrained by the peril of a capital penalty, if he persists in the same crimes. <a 400 the day before the Ides of March.

mediolani stilichone et aureliano conss.>

at Milan, in the consulship of Stilicho and Aurelian.>

CJ.10.21.0. De capiendis et distrahendis pignoribus tributorum causa.

CJ.10.21.0. On taking and selling‑off pledges for the sake of taxes.

CJ.10.21.1: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.21.1: Emperor Constantine

Res eorum, qui fiscalibus debitis per contumaciam satisfacere differunt, distrahantur: comparatoribus data firmitate perpetua possidendi. * const. a. ad afros.

The property of those who, through contumacy, defer satisfying their fiscal debts shall be sold off: the purchasers being given the assurance of perpetual possession. * a constitution of the Augustus to the Africans.

* <a 327 d. xv k. iun. serdicae constantio et maximo conss.>

* <a in the year 327, on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of June, at Serdica, when Constantius and Maximus were consuls.>

CJ.10.21.2: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.21.2: Emperor Constantine

Satis sit debitorem annonarum ad solvendi necessitatem capione pignorum conveniri. * const. a. restituto praes.

Let it suffice that a debtor of the annona be proceeded against, for the necessity of payment, by caption of pledges. * by a constitution of the Augustus to Restitutus, the praeses.

sardiniae. * <a xxxx d. viii id. dec. thessalonicae constantio vi et constante iii aa. conss.>

of Sardinia. * <a xxxx on 6 Dec., at Thessalonica, Constantius 6 and Constans 3, the Augusti, consuls.>

CJ.10.22.0. De apochis publicis et descriptionibus curialium.

CJ.10.22.0. On public receipts and the enrollments of curials.

CJ.10.22.1pr.: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.22.1pr.: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Ad inferiorem curialium relevandas fortunas et impressionem potentium itidem curialium cohibendam placuit, ut descriptiones, si quae per singulos ordines cogentibus diversis negotiis agitantur, non sumant ante principium, quam apud acta provinciarum rectoribus intimentur et ex eorum fuerint receptae sententiis. * honor. et theodos.

To relieve the lower fortunes of the curiales and to restrain the pressure of powerful curiales likewise, it has been decreed that assessments—if any are stirred up through the several orders, with various affairs compelling—shall not take their inception before they are intimated in the provincial records to the governors and have been received on the basis of their decisions. * honor. and theodos.

aa. anthemio pp. * <a 410 d. vii k. sept. constantinopoli varane cons.>

aa. to anthemius, praetorian prefect. * <a 410 dated the 7th day before the kalends of september, at constantinople, in the consulship of varanes.>

CJ.10.22.1.1: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.22.1.1: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Sed et aurum, quod ex huiusmodi contributione redigitur, ita debet susceptori aurario consignari, ut securitatibus nomen inferentis, dies consul mensis causa et summa comprehendatur, quo et descriptionis aequitas illustretur et descriptus documentis evidentibus fulciatur. <a 410 d. vii k. sept. constantinopoli varane cons.>

But also the gold which is collected from a contribution of this sort ought to be consigned to the aurarian receiver in such a way that, in the securities, the name of the payer, the day, the consul, the month, the cause, and the sum are included, whereby both the fairness of the assessment is made clear and the person assessed is supported by evident documents. <a 410 on the seventh day before the Kalends of September, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Varanes.>

CJ.10.22.1.2: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.22.1.2: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Hoc etiam observando, ut in quadrimenstruis quoque brevibus, qui ad excellentiae tuae officium sollemniter diriguntur, celebratae descriptionis dispunctio societur, ut omnes vestrae potestatis scientiam formidantes nihil ad relevationem locupletum atque inopum perniciem audeant pertemptare. <a 410 d. vii k. sept. constantinopoli varane cons.>

This also is to be observed: that in the four‑monthly briefs as well, which are solemnly directed to your Excellency’s office, the dispunctio of the completed assessment be joined, so that all, dreading the knowledge of your authority, may dare to attempt nothing toward the alleviation of the wealthy and the ruin of the poor. <a 410 d. vii k. sept. constantinopoli varane cons.>

CJ.10.22.1.3: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.22.1.3: Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Quod et tunc optimum est custodiri, cum lucrativae facultates ex bonis curialium curiae obvenerint, ut et inopes et locupletes fructu provisionis simillimae potiantur. <a 410 d. vii k. sept. constantinopoli varane cons.>

Which also is best to be observed when profitable resources have come to the curia from the goods of the curials, so that both the needy and the wealthy may obtain the fruit of a most similar provision. <a 410 d. vii k. sept. constantinopoli varane cons.>

CJ.10.22.1.4: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.22.1.4: Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Quam dispositionem si quis iudicum numerariorum vel curialium mutilandam esse crediderit, interminationi quam vestra sedes statuerit subiacebit. <a 410 d. vii k. sept. constantinopoli varane cons.>

Which disposition, if any of the judges of the numerarii or of the curials shall have thought ought to be mutilated, will be subject to the intermination which your seat shall have established. <a 410 d. vii k. sept. constantinopoli varane cons.>

CJ.10.22.2: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.22.2: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinianus

Semel securitatem de refusione munerum emissam ab alio iudice non liceat refricari.Et ideo spectabilitas tua saluberrimae ac iustissim1e praeceptionis formam secuta prohibebit in posterum eos ad discussionem transacti muneris constringi, quos claruit accepta securitatis prosperitate laetari. * theodos. et valentin.

Let it not be permitted that a security once issued concerning the refund of public burdens by another judge be reopened.And therefore Your Spectability, following the form of a most healthful and most just precept, will forbid henceforth that those who are clearly known to rejoice in the prosperity of an accepted security be constrained to a discussion about a duty already transacted. * theodos. et valentin.

aa. celeri procons. africae. * <a 429 d. v k. mai.

the augusti to celer, proconsul of africa. * <a 429 dated the 5th day before the Kalends of May (April 27).

ravennae post consulatum felicis et tauri vv. cc.>

at ravenna, after the consulship of felix and taurus, most distinguished men.>

CJ.10.22.3: Imperator Marcianus

CJ.10.22.3: Emperor Marcian

Quicumque de provincialibus et collatoribus decurso posthac quantolibet annorum numero, cum probatio aliqua ab eo tributariae solutionis exposcitur, trium cohaerentium sibi annorum apochas securitatesque protulerit, superiorum temporum apochas non cogatur ostendere, neque de praeterito ad illationem functionis tributariae coartetur, nisi forte aut curialis aut quicumque apparitor vel optio vel actuarius vel quilibet publici debiti exactor sive compulsor possessorum vel collatorum habuerit cautionem, aut id quod deposcit deberi sibi manifesta gestorum adsertione patefecerit. * marcian. a. constantino pp. * <a 456 d. xv k. aug.

Whoever among the provincials and contributors, after hereafter any number of years has elapsed, when some proof of payment of the tribute is demanded from him, shall have produced the apochas (receipts) and securities for three contiguous years for himself, he shall not be compelled to show apochas of earlier times, nor be constrained for what is past to the illation (imposition) of the tributary function, unless perhaps a curial or any apparitor or optio or actuary or any exactor or enforcer of the public debt upon possessors or contributors shall have a written bond (caution), or shall have made clear by a manifest assertion of the records (gesta) that what he demands is owed to him. * marcian, aug., to constantine, praetorian prefect. * <a 456 d. 15 k. aug.

varane et iohanne conss.>

under the consulship of varanes and john.>

CJ.10.22.5: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.22.5: Emperor Justinian

Securitatibus, quae publicarum functionum gratia sive in solidum sive ex parte solutae esse conscribuntur, nullam exceptionem non numeratae pecuniae penitus opponi concedimus. * iust. a. menae pp. * <a 528 d. k. iun.

We concede that, against securities which are drawn up as having been discharged, whether in full or in part, for the sake of public functions, absolutely no exception of not numerated money shall be opposed. * justinian augustus to mena, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 528 on the Kalends of June.

constantinopoli dn. iustiniano a. ii cons.>

At Constantinople, our lord Justinian, Augustus, consul for the 2nd time.

CJ.10.23.0. De canone largitionalium titulorum.

CJ.10.23.0. On the canon of the largitional titles.

CJ.10.23.1: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.23.1: Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Omnem summam auri vel argenti reliquarumque specierum, quae sacris largitionibus ex more penduntur, statim ut exactio fuerit celebrata, ad thesauros uniuscuiusque provinciae vel ad proximos referri sub obsignatione tabularii ceterorumque, quos sollicitos esse debere praecedentia iussa decreverant, et thesaurorum praepositis consignari praecipimus, ut exinde ad sacrum comitatum integer omnium titulorum numerus dirigatur. * grat. valentin.

We order that the entire sum of gold or silver and of the remaining species, which by custom are paid to the Sacred Largesses, as soon as the exaction has been completed, be forthwith transferred to the treasuries of each province or to the nearest ones, under the seal of the records-clerk and of the others whom the preceding orders decreed ought to be concerned, and be consigned to the overseers of the treasuries, so that from there the full total under all titles may be directed to the Sacred Court. * Gratian, Valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. lolliano.

and Theodosius, the Augusti, to Lollianus.

* <a 383 d. xii k. aug. merobaude ii et saturnino conss.>

* <at A., in 383, on the 12th day before the Kalends of August, when Merobaudes for the 2nd time and Saturninus were consuls.>

CJ.10.23.2pr.: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.23.2pr.: The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius

Neque sacrarum privatarum vel largitionum palatina officia ex quacumque causa ex quocumque titulo fiscalis debiti, cum ad provinciam mittuntur, possessores per se audeant convenire, sive id ex praeterito reliquum trahatur seu praesentis temporis tributo solvi conveniat: sed rectores provinciarum frequenter adeundo commoneant eorumque officiis incumbant. * honor. et theodos.

Nor let the Palatine offices of the Sacred Private [domain] or of the Largesses, for whatever cause, under whatever title of fiscal debt, when they are sent to a province, dare to approach the landholders on their own, whether it is carried over as arrears from the past or ought to be paid for the tribute of the present time: but let them, by frequent visits, admonish the governors of the provinces and attend upon their offices. * honor. et theodos.

aa. ad anthemium pp. * <a 408 d. vii id. dec. constantinopoli basso et philippo conss.>

the emperors to anthemios, praetorian prefect. * <in 408 on the 7th day before the ides of december at constantinople, bassus and philippus being consuls.>

CJ.10.23.2.1: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.23.2.1: The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius

Quod si rector provinciae imminentem sibi memoratorum declinare molestiam quaerens vel qualibet alia ratione isdem propria auctoritate publicae exactionis permiserit curam, tam ipse quam officium eius vicena auri pondo fisco dependent. <a 408 d. vii id. dec. constantinopoli basso et philippo conss.>

But if the governor (rector) of a province, seeking to decline the imminent trouble to himself from the aforementioned, or by any other means, shall have permitted to those same persons, by his own authority, the charge of public exaction, both he and his office shall pay to the fisc twenty pounds of gold. <a 408, on the seventh day before the Ides of December, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Bassus and Philip.>

CJ.10.23.3pr.: Imperatores Leo, Anthemius

CJ.10.23.3pr.: Emperors Leo, Anthemius

Praecepit nostra serenitas neque veloci cursui neque alii praeter veterem consuetudinem gravamini subiacere chartularios, qui de cohortalibus officiis uniuscuiusque provinciae largitionales titulos retractare constituuntur, cum et idem amplissima praefectura disposuisse perhibeatur, ut his necessitatibus liberati fideliter largitionales titulos valeant retractare. * leo et anthem. aa. heliodoro com.

Our Serenity has ordered that the chartularii be subject to no burden either of the fast post or of any other beyond ancient custom, these being the men who from the cohortal offices of each province are appointed to re-examine the largitional rolls; since the same most ample Prefecture is also reported to have arranged that, freed from these necessities, they may be able faithfully to re-examine the largitional rolls. * Leo and Anthemius, Emperors, to Heliodorus, Count.

sacr. larg. * <a 468 d. viii k. aug.

sacred largesses. * year 468, on the 8th day before the kalends of august.

constantinopoli anthemio a. ii cons.>

at Constantinople, in the 2nd consulship of Anthemius Augustus>

CJ.10.23.3.1: Imperatores Leo, Anthemius

CJ.10.23.3.1: The Emperors Leo, Anthemius

Quod si aliquo tempore nostra iussio temerario ausu ex aliqua parte fuerit violata, tam rector provinciae quam apparitio eius triginta librarum auri condemnatione plectentur. <a 468 d. viii k. aug. constantinopoli anthemio a. ii cons.>

But if at any time our injunction should be violated in any part by rash audacity, both the governor of the province and his apparitors shall be punished by a condemnation of thirty pounds of gold. <in the year 468, on the 8th day before the Kalends of August, at Constantinople, in the 2nd consulship of Anthemius>

CJ.10.23.3.2: Imperatores Leo, Anthemius

CJ.10.23.3.2: Emperors Leo, Anthemius

Insuper virum spectabilem orientis comitem eiusque officium licentiam habere conatus nefarios inhibendi tam moderatorum quam cohortalis officii, cum de hac re admoniti fuerint a palatinis et eandem poenam formidantibus, si non omnibus modis pietatis nostrae decreta congruum mereantur effectum. <a 468 d. viii k. aug. constantinopoli anthemio a. ii cons.>

Moreover, the man of Spectabilis rank, Count of the East, and his officium are to have the license to inhibit nefarious attempts both of the governors and of the cohortal office, when they have been admonished about this matter by the palatine officials and are fearing the same penalty, if they do not in every way cause the decrees of our Piety to obtain their fitting effect. <a 468 d. viii k. aug. constantinopoli anthemio a. ii cons.>

CJ.10.23.3.3: Imperatores Leo, Anthemius

CJ.10.23.3.3: Emperors Leo, Anthemius

Illud etiam generali forma sancimus, ut in omnibus provinciis tam nominatio specialium susceptorum largitionalium titulorum quam defensio tractatorum non tantum per viros clarissimos moderatores provinciarum, sed etiam per viros spectabiles proconsules et praefectum augustalem ac laudabiles vicarios una cum eorum officiis, admonentibus semper nec non imminentibus palatinis procuretur providentibus, ut post nominationem etiam specialium susceptorum largitionalium titulorum nulla minuendae exactionis ad sacrum pertinentis aerarium aut transferendi ad arcarios aut quoslibet alios extraneos titulos rectoribus provinciarum aut eorum officiis, sed etiam curialibus licentia permittatur: quadrimenstruis brevibus per idoneum tractatorem eorundem titulorum super commendandis ratiociniis publicis periculo rectorum provinciarum ad sacratissimam urbem transmittendis. <a 468 d. viii k. aug. constantinopoli anthemio a. ii cons.>

We also sanction by a general form that in all provinces both the nomination of the special receivers of the largitional titles and the defense of the tractators shall be provided for not only by the most illustrious men, the governors of the provinces, but also by the notable men, the proconsuls and the Augustal Prefect, and the laudable vicars together with their staffs, the palatine officials always admonishing and, likewise, standing over them and providing, to the effect that, after the nomination even of the special receivers of the largitional titles, no license be permitted—whether to the rectors of the provinces or their staffs, nor even to the curials—for diminishing an exaction pertaining to the Sacred Treasury, or for transferring the titles to the cashiers (arcarii) or to any other outsiders: four‑monthly briefs, concerning the commending of the public reckonings, are to be transmitted to the Most Sacred City by a suitable tractator of those same titles, with the governors of the provinces at peril. <in the year 468, on the 8th day before the Kalends of August [July 25], at Constantinople, in the consulship of Anthemius Augustus for the 2nd time.>

CJ.10.23.3.4: Imperatores Leo, Anthemius

CJ.10.23.3.4: Emperors Leo, Anthemius

Nam quacumque ex parte, quam iussit nostra tranquillitas, si minus fuerit procuratum, poena superius designata tam ipsi iudices quam eorum officia se noverint esse plectendos. <a 468 d. viii k. aug. constantinopoli anthemio a. ii cons.>

For in whatever part, which our tranquillity has ordered, if provision shall have been less than duly made, let both the judges themselves and their staffs know that they are to be punished by the penalty designated above. <a 468, on the 8th day before the kalends of august, at constantinople, in the 2nd consulship of anthemius>

CJ.10.23.4: Imperatores Leo, Anthemius

CJ.10.23.4: Emperors Leo, Anthemius

Praecipimus, ut, si forte delegatio, quae ab amplissima praefectura in diversas provincias ex more quotannis emittitur, minus contineat omnes largitionales titulos aut quo modo exactio eorum debet procedere, nihilo minus competentem a viris spectabilibus tam proconsulibus quam vicariis et viro spectabili comite orientis et praefecto augustali nec non rectoribus provinciarum eorumque officiis et curialibus omnium largitionalium titulorum exactionem procurari: vicenarum librarum auri condemnationem prae oculis habentibus, si quid minus exactum vel illatum sacro fuerit aerario, quam prisca et inveterata consuetudo sacris largitionibus inferri constituit. * leo et anthem. aa. heliodoro com.

We command that, if perchance the delegation which by custom is sent out each year by the most ample Prefecture into the various provinces should contain less than all the largitional titles, or as to the manner in which their exaction ought to proceed, nevertheless the appropriate exaction of all the largitional titles shall be procured by men of spectabilis rank—both the proconsuls and the vicars and the spectabilis Count of the East and the Augustal Prefect—as well as by the governors of the provinces and their offices and the curials; having before their eyes the sentence of twenty pounds of gold, if anything shall have been under-collected or brought into the sacred treasury less than the ancient and time-honored custom has established should be paid to the Sacred Largesses. * leo and anthem., augusti, to heliodorus, count.

sacr. larg. * <a 468 d. k. iul.

the Sacred Largesses. * <a 468, dated on the Kalends of July

constantinopoli anthemio a. ii cons.>

at constantinople, in the 2nd consulship of anthemius augustus.>

CJ.10.24.0. Ne operae a collatoribus exigantur.

CJ.10.24.0. That services not be exacted from contributors.

CJ.10.24.1: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

CJ.10.24.1: The Emperors Valentinian, Valens, Gratian

Operarum praebitionem, quae illicite a provincialibus hactenus expetita est, sinceritas tua cessare praecipiat. * valentin. valens et grat.

Let Your Sincerity command that the provision of labors, which has hitherto been illicitly demanded from the provincials, cease. * valentin. valens et grat.

aaa. ad viventium pp. * <a 369 d. x k. mart. treveris valentiniano np. et victore conss.>

the augusti to viventius, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 369, on the tenth day before the Kalends of March, at Trier, in the consulship of valentinianus the most noble boy and victor.>

CJ.10.25.0. De immunitate nemini concedenda.

CJ.10.25.0. Concerning immunity to be granted to no one.

CJ.10.25.1: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.25.1: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

His nostrae serenitatis edictis civitatum tabulariis erit flamma supplicium, si cuiusquam fraude ambitu potestate iniusta cuiuspiam profiteretur immunitas, ac non secundum praecedentem definitionem omnes omnino abolita specialium immunitatum gratia necessitas tributariae functionis firmata censitorum peraequatorum provincialium iudicium peraequatione constrinxerit. * grat. valentin.

By these edicts of our Serenity, the punishment for the municipal record-keepers (tabularii) shall be fire, if by anyone’s fraud, by bribery (ambitus), or by someone’s unjust power they should profess immunity for anyone; and if they do not, in accordance with the preceding definition, constrain absolutely all by the necessity of the tributary function—once the favor of special immunities has been abolished—established by the equalizing judgment (peraequatio) of the provincial censitors-equalizers. * Gratian, Valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. ad pop.

and Theodosius, the Augusti, to the people.

* <a 383 d. iii non. mart. mediolani merobaude ii et saturnino conss.>

* <in the year 383, given on the 3rd day before the Nones of March, at Milan, in the consulship of Merobaudes (2) and Saturninus, consuls.>

CJ.10.25.2: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.25.2: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Per bithyniam ceterasque provincias possessores et reparationi publici aggeris et ceteris eiusmodi muneribus pro iugorum numero vel capitum, quae possidere noscuntur, adstringi cogantur. * honor. et theodos.

Throughout Bithynia and the other provinces, landholders shall be compelled to be bound both to the reparation of the public embankment and to other duties of such a kind, in proportion to the number of yokes or of heads that they are known to possess. * Honorius and Theodosius.

aa. anthemio pp. * <a 412 d. vii k. nov. constantinopoli honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss.>

the augusti to anthemius, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 412, on the 7th day before the kalends of november, at constantinople, when honorius for the 9th and theodosius for the 5th, the augusti, were consuls.>

CJ.10.26.0. De conditis in publicis horreis.

CJ.10.26.0. On things stored in public granaries.

CJ.10.26.1pr.: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.26.1pr.: The Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Omnia quae in horreis habentur expendi volumus, ita ut non prius ad frumentum tendatur expensio, quod sub praefectura tua urbis horreis infertur, quam vetera condita fuerint erogata. * valentin. et valens aa. ad volusianum pu. * <a 364 d. vi id. april.

We wish all things that are held in the storehouses to be expended, such that disbursement is not directed first to the grain which, under your urban prefecture, is brought into the storehouses, before the old stock laid up has been distributed. * valentinian and valens, augusti, to volusianus, prefect of the city. * <a 364 d. 6 id. april.

divo ioviano et varroniano conss.>

in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus.>

CJ.10.26.1.1: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.26.1.1: The Emperors Valentinian, Valens

Et si forte vetustate species ita corrupta est, ut per semet erogari sine querella non possit, eidem ex nova portione misceatur, cuius adiectione corruptio velata damnum fisco non faciat. <a 364 d. vi id. april. divo ioviano et varroniano conss.>

And if by chance through age the specie is so corrupted that it cannot be disbursed by itself without complaint, let the same be mixed with a new portion, by the addition of which the corruption, being veiled, may not cause loss to the fisc. <a 364 on the 6th day before the Ides of April. Under the consuls the deified Jovian and Varronianus.>

CJ.10.26.1.2: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.26.1.2: Emperors Valentinian, Valens

Ad istud autem negotium arbitratu ac iudicio tuo nobilis prudens fidelis optime sibi conscius pro integritatis meritis adponatur custos ac mensor, qui vel frumenta modio metiatur vel iustis aestimationibus colligat, quanta habeantur in condito. <a 364 d. vi id. april. divo ioviano et varroniano conss.>

To this business, moreover, by your discretion and judgment, let there be appointed as custodian and measurer a noble, prudent, faithful man, most assured in conscience, for the merits of his integrity, who either measures the grain by the modius or, by just estimations, ascertains how much is held in store. <a 364 on the 6th day before the Ides of April, under the consuls the deified Jovian and Varronianus.>

CJ.10.26.2pr.: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.26.2pr.: Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Cum ad quamlibet urbem mansionemve accesseris, protinus horrea inspicere te volumus, ut devotissimis militibus effloratae et incorruptae species praebeantur. * valentin. et valens aa. artemio praesidi.

When you come to any city or posting-station, we want you at once to inspect the granaries, so that rations, fresh and unspoiled, may be furnished to the most devoted soldiers. * Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Artemius, governor.

* <a 364 d. viii k. sept. arelate divo ioviano et varroniano conss.>

* <a 364 on the 8th day before the Kalends of September, at Arelate, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus.>

CJ.10.26.2.1: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.26.2.1: The Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Nam si per incuriam officii gravitatis tuae sartorum tectorum neglecta procuratione aliqua pluviis infecta perierint, iam ad damnum tuum referentur. <a 364 d. viii k. sept. arelate divo ioviano et varroniano conss.>

For if, through carelessness in the duty of Your Gravity, with the management of the roof‑menders neglected, any roofs, rain‑soaked, should perish, the loss will now be charged to you. <a 364 on the 8th day before the Kalends of September, at Arles, under the consuls the deified Jovian and Varronianus.>

CJ.10.26.3pr.: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.26.3pr.: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Nulli posthac horreaticas species contingendi copia praebeatur. * arcad. et honor.

Let no one henceforth be afforded the opportunity of accessing granary commodities. * arcadius and honorius.

aa. anatolio pp. per illyricum. * <a 397 d. vii id. iul. constantinopoli caesario et attico conss.>

the emperors to anatolius, praetorian prefect for illyricum. * <in the year 397, on the 7th day before the ides of july, at constantinople, in the consulship of caesarius and atticus.>

CJ.10.26.3.1: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.26.3.1: The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius

Sin vero quisquam temerator horreorum extiterit, qui sibi ex praedictis aliquid audeat usurpare, hanc poenam sciat nostro arbitrio definitam, ut deportationis poenae subiectus totius substantiae cogatur subire iacturam. <a 397 d. vii id. iul. constantinopoli caesario et attico conss.>

But if indeed anyone should prove a violator of the granaries, who would dare to usurp for himself anything from the aforesaid, let him know this penalty has been defined at our discretion: that, subjected to the penalty of deportation, he be compelled to undergo the loss of his entire substance. <a 397, on the seventh day before the Ides of July, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Caesarius and Atticus.>

CJ.10.27.0. Ut nemini liceat in coemptione specierum se excusare et de munere sitoniae.

CJ.10.27.0. That no one be allowed in the coemption of commodities to excuse himself, and concerning the munus of sitonia (grain-supply).

CJ.10.27.1pr.: Imperator Anastasius

CJ.10.27.1pr.: The Emperor Anastasius

Quotiens urguente necessitate comparationes frumenti vel hordei aliarumque specierum quibuslibet provinciis indicentur, nulli penitus possidentium sese sub cuiuscumque privilegii occasione excusandi tribui facultatem censemus, omnique, cuicumque possidentium quocumque modo quocumque tempore per sacros apices vel etiam pragmaticam sanctionem aut iudicialem forte dispositionem huiusmodi excusatio data est vel postea data fuerit, licentia minime umquam contra tenorem nostrae legis saluberrimae valitura. * anastas. a. matroniano pp. * <a 491 d. iii k. aug.

Whenever, with pressing necessity, purchases of wheat or barley and other kinds of commodities are ordered for any provinces, we decree that to none at all of the possessors is the ability granted to excuse themselves under the pretext of any privilege whatsoever; and any license—if to any of the possessors, in whatever way, at whatever time, through sacred letters or even a pragmatic sanction or perhaps a judicial disposition, such an excuse has been given or shall later be given—shall never in any way have force against the tenor of our most salutary law. * anastasius augustus to matronianus, praetorian prefect. * <a 491 d. 3 k. aug.

constantinopoli olybrio vc. cons.>

at constantinople, olybrius, a most distinguished man, consul.>

CJ.10.27.1.1: Imperator Anastasius

CJ.10.27.1.1: Emperor Anastasius

Adeo namque huiusmodi onera cunctis, pro qua singulos portione contingit, volumus inrogari, ut ab isdem comparationibus nec sacratissimam nostrae pietatis nec serenissimae nostrae coniugis domum pateremur subtrahere. <a 491 d. iii k. aug. constantinopoli olybrio vc. cons.>

Accordingly we wish that burdens of this kind be imposed upon all, in proportion to the portion that falls to each individual, to such an extent that we would not allow either the most sacred house of our piety or the most serene house of our consort to be withdrawn from the same assessments. <a in the year 491, given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of August, at Constantinople, Olybrius, a most distinguished man, consul.>

CJ.10.28.0. De collatione donatorum vel relevatorum aut translatorum seu adaeratorum.

CJ.10.28.0. On the collation (assessment) of donors or of the relieved or the transferred, or those commuted into money.

CJ.10.28.1pr.: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.28.1pr.: The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian

Dispositionem amplissimae recordationis antiochi, quae certam quantitatem ante se relevatis possessionibus nomine canonis indixit, non imminui decernimus: id enim, quoniam in canonem cecidit et anniversaria debet pensitatione persolvi, nec in praeteritum nec in posterum patimur esse concessum. * theodos. et valentin.

We decree that the disposition of Antiochus, of most illustrious memory, which imposed a fixed quantity under the name of the canon upon estates that had before his time been relieved, is not to be diminished: for since it has fallen into the canon and ought to be paid by annual payment, we do not permit it to be granted either for the past or for the future. * Theodosius and Valentinian.

aa. hermocrati pp. * <a 444 d. xii k. dec. constantinopoli theodosio a. xviii et albino conss.>

the emperors to Hermocrates, praetorian prefect. * <year 444, on the twelfth day before the Kalends of December (November 20), at Constantinople, in the consulship of Theodosius Augustus for the 18th time and Albinus.>

CJ.10.28.1.1: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.28.1.1: Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Indulgentiam vero memoratae descriptionis et in anteactum et in posterum tempus non solum in relevatis, verum etiam in donatis adaeratis translatisque, seu quodlibet aliud nomen novae descriptionis excogitatum est, volumus observari nullamque super his umquam exactionis molestiam formidari, quibus non tantum reliqua praeteriti temporis relaxamus, sed nec in posterum quicquam innovationis aut oneris adiciendum esse censemus, nullique licere deinceps contra divalia statuta relevare suas possessiones. <a 444 d. xii k. dec. constantinopoli theodosio a. xviii et albino conss.>

But the indulgence of the aforesaid assessment, both for past time and for future time, we wish to be observed not only in the relieved, but also in the granted, commuted-into-money, and transferred, or whatever other name of a new assessment has been devised, and that no annoyance of exaction be ever feared concerning these; for whom we not only remit the arrears of the time past, but we also judge that in the future nothing of innovation or burden is to be added; and let it be permitted to no one henceforth, against the imperial statutes, to relieve their possessions. <a 444, on the 12th day before the Kalends of December, at Constantinople, Theodosius Augustus, 18, and Albinus, consuls.>

CJ.10.28.1.2: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.28.1.2: Emperors Theodosius and Valentinianus

Noverit tamen amplissimae tuae sedis officium, quod si aliquando nobis suggestio huic nostrae sanctioni contraria porrigatur, vel si sacris mandatis ( si qua forte citra suggestionem his piis dispositionibus adversa manaverint) obsequatur et aliquos tamquam debitores ex huiusmodi titulo crediderit exponendos, ducentarum librarum auri se condemnatione multandum. <a 444 d. xii k. dec. constantinopoli theodosio a. xviii et albino conss.>

Let the office of your most ample see nevertheless know this: if ever a petition contrary to this our sanction should be presented to us, or if it should comply with sacred mandates (if perchance any, without a petition, have issued contrary to these pious dispositions) and should deem that certain persons ought to be exposed as debtors under such a title, let it know itself to be fined by a condemnation of two hundred pounds of gold. <a 444 on the 12th day before the Kalends of December, at Constantinople, Theodosius year 18 and Albinus, consuls.>

CJ.10.29.0. De collatione aeris.

CJ.10.29.0. On the collection of money.

CJ.10.29.1: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.29.1: The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Aeris pretia, quae a provincialibus postulantur, ita exigi volumus, ut pro viginti libris aeris solidus a possessore reddatur. * arcad. et honor.

We will that the rates in copper which are demanded from the provincials be exacted in such a way that, for twenty pounds of copper, a solidus be returned by the possessor. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. hilario. * <a 396 d. v k. ian. mediolani arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss.>

the augusti to hilarius. * <in 396, on the 5th day before the kalends of january, at milan, under the consulship of arcadius for the 4th time and honorius for the 3rd time, the augusti, consuls.>

CJ.10.30.0. De discussoribus.

CJ.10.30.0. On the discussors.

CJ.10.30.1: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

CJ.10.30.1: Emperors Valentinian, Valens, Gratian

Quotiens in discrepatione constiterit inique discussionem fuisse confectam et fidem facti non poterit approbare discussor, ipse in eodem titulo et in eodem modo ad solvendum protinus urgeatur, in quo alterum perperam fecerit debitorem. * valentin. valens et grat.

Whenever, in a discrepancy, it has been established that the examination was unjustly carried through and the discussor cannot approve the proof of the act, he himself shall be immediately compelled to pay under the same title and in the same mode in which he has wrongly made the other a debtor. * valentinian, valens and gratian.

aaa. ad arthemium vic. hispaniarum.* <a 369 d. prid.

The Emperors to Arthemius, Vicar of the Spains.* <in the year 369, on the day before.

id. mai. valentiniano np. et victore conss.>

on May 15, when Valentinian, the most noble boy, and Victor were consuls.>

CJ.10.30.2: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.30.2: The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Ne casu amissa securitate publica quaedam praeda nascatur collatoribus, decernimus, ut, quando securitates a discussoribus seu apparatioribus expositae ratiociniis publicis continentur, rursus per iniuriam non petantur. * arcad. et honor.

Lest, by chance, through the loss of a public security, some booty should arise for the collators, we decree that, when the securities presented by the discussors or apparitors are included in the public accounts, they are not to be demanded again by wrong. * arcadius and honorius.

aa. messalae pp. * <a 400 d. v k. dec. mediolani stilichone et aureliano conss.>

the Emperors to Messala, Praetorian Prefect. * <in the year 400, on the 5th day before the Kalends of December, at Milan, in the consulship of Stilicho and Aurelianus.>

CJ.10.30.3: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.30.3: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian.

Per singulas provincias vel civitates honoratis usque ad comitivam consistorianam nec non etiam militantibus et suis obsequiis non adhaerentibus, advocatis quin etiam fori provincialis mandari discussionis iugorum sollicitudinem decernimus. * theodos. et valentin.

Through each province or city, we decree that the charge for the audit of the iuga be entrusted to the honorati up to the consistorial comitiva, and likewise to those in military service and to those not adhering to their own services (retinues), nay even to the advocates of the provincial forum. * Theodosius and Valentinian.

aa. apollonio pp. * <a 442 d. v k. ian. eudoxio et dioscoro conss.>

the emperors to apollonius, praetorian prefect. * <a 442 on the 5th day before the kalends of january, eudoxius and dioscorus, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.0. De decurionibus et filiis eorum et qui decuriones habentur quibus modis a fortuna curiae liberentur.

CJ.10.32.0. On decurions and their sons and those who are held as decurions, by what modes they may be freed from the fortune (lot) of the curia.

CJ.10.32.1: Imperatores valer., gallien.

CJ.10.32.1: Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.

Si, cum te pater decurionem esse voluisset, illo in rebus humanis agente honor tibi iste delatus est, tenetur quidem etiam heredes eius rei publicae ( nam in hac parte vice fideiussoris pater accipitur), sed non ante nisi tuis rebus excussis. * valer. et gallien.

If, when your father had wished you to be a decurion, while he was still among the living this honor was conferred upon you, the commonwealth may indeed proceed also against his heirs ( for in this respect the father is received in the place of a surety), but not before first proceeding against your own property. * Valerian and Gallienus

aa. et valer. c. caesoni. * <a 259 pp. v k. dec.

the augusti and valerian caesar to caesonius. * in the year 259, on the 5th day before the kalends of december.

aemiliano et basso conss.>

in the consulship of Aemilianus and Bassus.>

CJ.10.32.2: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.32.2: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Observare magistratus oportebit, ut decurionibus sollemniter in curiam convocatis nominationem ad certa munera faciant eamque statim in notitiam eius qui fuerit nominatus per officialem publicum perferre curent, habituro appellandi, si voluerit, atque agendi facultatem apud praesidem causam suam iure consueto: quem si constiterit nominari minime debuisse, sumptus litis eidem a nominatore restitui oportebit. * diocl. et maxim.

Magistrates ought to observe that, with the decurions solemnly convoked into the curia, they make a nomination to certain duties, and that they take care that this be immediately conveyed into the notice of the one who has been nominated by a public official, he being to have, if he wishes, the faculty of appealing and of pleading his case before the governor according to customary law; and if it shall be established that he ought by no means to have been nominated, the costs of the litigation ought to be restored to him by the nominator. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. exempl. sacr. litt.* <a xxx sine die et consule.>

the emperors. a copy of the sacred letters.* <in the year 30, without day and consul.>

CJ.10.32.3: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.32.3: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Cum decurionatus honorem sponte susceperis, albo eximi, licet annosum te esse dicis, non potes. * diocl. et maxim.

Since you have of your own accord undertaken the honor of the decurionate, you cannot be removed from the album, although you say that you are aged. * diocl. et maxim.

aa. iulio.* <a 285 pp. id. nov. diocletiano a.Ii et aristobulo conss.>

the emperors to Julius.* <a in the year 285, on the day before the Ides of November, when Diocletian (consul for the 2nd time) and Aristobulus were consuls.>

CJ.10.32.4: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.32.4: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Cum adoptivum filium ex adoptantis dignitate decurionis filium effici nulla dubitatio est, pro atrocibus iniuriis eum, quem ad vicem naturalis pignoris tibi adscribebas, a praeside provinciae illicitis corporis cruciatibus adfici non oportuit hocque congruenti poena coercebitur. * diocl. et maxim.

Since there is no doubt that an adopted son is made the son of a decurion from the adopter’s dignity, for atrocious injuries he, whom you were ascribing to yourself in place of a natural pledge, ought not to have been afflicted by the governor of the province with illicit tortures of the body, and this will be restrained by a congruent penalty. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. cassiano.* <a 285 pp. xii k. dec. diocletiano a. ii et aristobulo conss.>

the emperors to Cassianus.* <in the year 285 pp., on the 12th day before the Kalends of December, with Diocletian Augustus for the 2nd time and Aristobulus as consuls.>

CJ.10.32.5: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.32.5: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Filios in potestate patris positos ad munera seu honores non posse devocari falso tibi persuasum est. sane si ad nominationem filii consensum non accommodaveris, ob administrationem ipsius minime conveniri poteris. * diocl.

You have been falsely persuaded that sons placed under the father’s power cannot be called to public munera or honors. Indeed, if you do not give consent to your son’s nomination, you can by no means be proceeded against on account of his administration. * diocl.

et maxim. aa. alexandro.* <a 286 pp. vi id.... maximo ii et aquilino conss.>

and the Augusti, Maximian, to Alexander.* <in the year 286, on the sixth day before the Ides of ...., under the consulship of Maximus 2 and Aquilinus.>

CJ.10.32.6: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.32.6: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Expertes litterarum decurionis munera peragere non prohibent iura. * diocl. et maxim.

The laws do not prohibit the illiterate from carrying out the duties of a decurion. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. leontio.* <a 293 d. viii k. mai. aa. conss.>

the augusti and the caesars to leontius.* <a 293 on the 8th day before the Kalends of May, when the Augusti were consuls.>

CJ.10.32.7: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.32.7: Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Licet indivisa bona fratres habent, nihilo minus tamen singuli suo nomine civilibus tenentur muneribus. * diocl. et maxim.

Although brothers have undivided goods, nonetheless each individual is bound in his own name to civil duties. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. diogeniano.* <a 293 pp. iiii id. mai. paulino ipsis aa. conss.>

the augusti and the caesars to diogenianus.* <in the year 293, on the 4th day before the Ides of May, Paulinus and the augusti themselves being consuls.>

CJ.10.32.8: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.32.8: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Infamia, quae tibi abominanda est, non etiam amissionis oculorum casus quaesitum adimit honorem. * diocl. et maxim.

Infamy, which is to be abominated by you, does not even in the case of the loss of the eyes take away the honor acquired. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. platoniano.* <a 294 d. xvi k. febr. nicomediae cc. conss.>

the Augusti and the Caesars to Platonianus.* <a in the year 294, on the 16th day before the Kalends of February, at Nicomedia, the Caesars being consuls.>

CJ.10.32.9: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.32.9: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

In albo decurionum perscriptis patrem non habenti filios anteferri constitit. * diocl. et maxim.

Among those written on the album of the decurions, it has been established that sons are to be preferred to one who does not have a father. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. aurelio.* <a 294 >

the Augusti and the Caesars to Aurelius.*

CJ.10.32.10: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.32.10: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Si ultra septuagesimum annum aetatis patrem tuum esse praeses provinciae perspexerit, eum personalium munerum vacatione perfrui providebit. * diocl. et maxim.

If the governor of the province shall have ascertained that your father is beyond the seventieth year of age, he will provide that he enjoy exemption from personal duties. * diocl. et maxim.

aa. et cc. aurelio.* <a 294 >

the augusti and the caesars to aurelius.* <a 294 >

CJ.10.32.11: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.32.11: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Uxorem pro marito decurione conveniri non posse procul dubio est. * diocl. et maxim.

It is beyond doubt that a wife cannot be summoned to court in place of her husband, a decurion. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. maximo.* <a 294 >

the Augusti and the Caesars, to Maximus.* <a 294 >

CJ.10.32.12: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.32.12: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Nec infames immunitatem habere, cum hoc privilegii, non notae sit, convenit. * diocl. et maxim.

Nor is it fitting that the infamous have immunity, since this is a matter of privilege, not of censure. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. zotico.* <a 293 d. v k. dec. aa. conss.>

the Augusti and the Caesars to zoticus.* <in 293, on the 5th day before the Kalends of December, when the Augusti were consuls.>

CJ.10.32.13: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.32.13: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian.

A muneribus decurionatus nec sententia praesidis in perpetuum nec anni quinquaginta nec podagrae valitudo praestat excusationem. * diocl. et maxim.

From the burdens of the decurionate, neither the governor’s sentence in perpetuity, nor fifty years of age, nor the condition of gout grants an excuse. * diocl. and maxim.

aa. et cc. proto.* <a xxxx >

the Augusti and the Caesars, at first.* <a xxxx >

CJ.10.32.14: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.32.14: Emperor Constantine

Nemo iudex aliquem suo arbitrio de curia liberet. nam si quis fuerit eiusmodi infortunio depravatus, ut debeat sublevari, de eius nomine ad nostram scientiam referri oportet, ut certo temporis spatio civilium munerum ei vacatio porrigatur. * const.

Let no judge release anyone from the curia at his own discretion. For if anyone has been impaired by misfortune of such a kind that he ought to be relieved, his name ought to be reported to our knowledge, so that an exemption from civic duties may be extended to him for a fixed span of time. * Constantine.

a. ad euagrium. * <a 313 pp. id. mart. constantino a. iii et licinio iii conss.>

a. to evagrius. * <in the year 313, after the Ides of March, when Constantine Augustus for the 3rd time and Licinius for the 3rd time were consuls.>

CJ.10.32.15: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.32.15: Emperor Constantine

Universos decuriones volumus a tabellionum officiis temperare. * const. a. hilariano correctori lucaniae et brittiorum.

We wish all decurions to refrain from the offices of the tabellions. * const. to Hilarianus, corrector of Lucania and of the Bruttii.

* <a 316 d. iii k. febr. sabino et rufino conss.>

* <year 316, given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of February, in the consulship of Sabinus and Rufinus.>

CJ.10.32.16: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.32.16: Emperor Constantine

Si quis decurio vel propriae rei causa vel rei publicae cogatur nostrum adire comitatum, is non ante discedat, quam insinuato iudici desiderio profiscendi licentiam consequatur. quod si pro sua audacia parvi aliquis hanc fecerit iussionem , indignationem competentem sortiatur. * const.

If any decurion, either for the cause of his own affair or of the republic, is compelled to approach our court, let him not depart before, his desire to set out having been notified to the judge, he obtains license to depart. But if someone, in his own audacity, should make little of this injunction , let him incur the appropriate indignation. * const.

a. ad hilarianum procons. africae. * <a 324 pp. vii id. iul.

a. to Hilarianus, proconsul of Africa. * <a 324 posted on the 7th day before the Ides of July.

carthagine crispo iii et constantino iii conss.>

At Carthage, Crispus 3 and Constantine 3, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.17: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.32.17: Emperor Constantine

Qui derelicta curia militaverit, revocetur ad curiam. * const. a. ad euagrium pp. * <a 326 d. xvi k. iun.

Whoever, the curia having been abandoned, has served in the military, let him be recalled to the curia. * Constantine Augustus to Evagrius, praetorian prefect. * <a 326 May 17.

constantino a. vii et constantio c. conss.>

in the consulship of Constantine Augustus 7 and Constantius Caesar, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.18pr.: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.32.18pr.: Emperor Constantine

Si ad magistratum nominati aufugerint, requirantur et, si pertinaci animo latere potuerint, his ipsorum bona permittantur, qui praesenti tempore in locum eorum ad duumviratus munera vocabuntur, ita ut, si postea reperti fuerint, biennio integro onera duumviratus cogantur agnoscere. * const. a. * <a 329 d. iii k. oct.

If those nominated to the magistracy shall have fled, let them be sought; and, if with a stubborn mind they have been able to lie hidden, let their goods be granted to those who at the present time shall be called in their place to the duties of the duumvirate, on condition that, if afterwards they shall be found, they are compelled to acknowledge the burdens of the duumvirate for a full biennium. * emperor Constantine * <year 329, day 3 before the Kalends of October.

serdicae constantino a. viii et constantio iiii conss.>

at Serdica, in the consulship of Constantine, Augustus, for the 8th time, and of Constantius for the 4th time.>

CJ.10.32.18.1: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.32.18.1: Emperor Constantine

Omnes enim, qui obsequia publicorum munerum declinare temptaverint, simili condicione teneri oportet. <a 329 d. iii k. oct. serdicae constantino a. viii et constantio iiii conss.>

For all, indeed, who have attempted to evade the services of public munera, it is proper that they be held under a similar condition. <a 329 on the 3rd day before the Kalends of October, at Serdica, in the consulship of Constantine Augustus for the 8th time and Constantius for the 4th.>

CJ.10.32.19: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.32.19: Emperor Constantine

Vacuatis rescriptis, per quae munerum civilium nonnullis est vacatio praestita, omnes civilibus necessitatibus adgregentur, ita ut nec consensu civium vel curiae praestita cuiquam immunitas valeat, sed omnes ad munerum societatem conveniantur. * const. a. ad lucretium paternum.

With the rescripts annulled, by which an exemption from civil duties was afforded to some, let all be aggregated to civil necessities, such that not even an immunity granted by the consent of the citizens or of the curia shall be valid, but let all be convened to the society of duties. * constantine augustus to lucretius paternus.

* <a 329 d. viii k. nov. heracleae constantino a. viii et constantio iiii conss.>

* <a 329 on the eighth day before the Kalends of November, at Heraclea, when Constantine Augustus for the 8th time and Constantius for the 4th were consuls.>

CJ.10.32.20: Imperatores Constantius, constans

CJ.10.32.20: Emperors Constantius, constans

Magistratus desertores ad eam gravitas tua faciat necessitatem condicionis urgueri, ut, quascumque pro his expensas civitas prorogavit, refundere protinus ac repraesentare cogantur. * constantius et constans aa. ordini civitatis constantiae cirtensium. * <a 340 d.Xiiii k.Febr.Naisso acindyno et proculo conss.>

Let your authority make deserters be pressed by the magistrates to such a necessity of condition that, whatever expenses the city has advanced on their behalf, they be compelled to refund forthwith and to make immediate payment. * constantius and constans, augusti, to the order of the city of constantia of the cirtenses. * <a 340 d.14 k.Febr.Naissus acindynus and proculus, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.21: Imperatores Constantius, constans

CJ.10.32.21: Emperors Constantius, Constans

Curiales omnium civitatium nullam pro re privata nostra debent inquietudinem sustinere nec huiusmodi oneribus velut extraordinariis occupari, quoniam satis est , si civitatum munera per eos congrue compleantur. * constantius et constans aa. nemesiano com. * <a 340 d.Prid.Id. aug.

The curials of all cities ought to endure no disquiet on account of our private estate, nor be occupied with burdens of this sort as if extraordinary, since it is enough , if the duties of the cities are fittingly completed through them. * constantius and constans, augusti. to nemesianus, count. * <a 340 given on the day before the Ides of August.

bessae acindyno et proculo conss.>

At Bessa, in the consulship of Acindynus and Proculus.>

CJ.10.32.22: Imperator Julianus

CJ.10.32.22: Emperor Julian

Eos indulserunt veteres principes ex materno genere curialibus antiochensis adscribi, quos patris condicio nullius vindicaret iuri civitatis. * iul. a. iuliano com.

the ancient princes permitted those, from the maternal line, to be enrolled among the curials of antioch, whose father's condition would vindicate them to the right (ius) of no city. * julian the augustus to julian, the count.

orientis. * <a 362 d.V k.Sept.Antiochiae mamertino et nevitta conss.>

of the East. * <a 362 on the 5th day before the Kalends of September, at Antioch, when Mamertinus and Nevitta were consuls.>

CJ.10.32.23: Imperator Julianus

CJ.10.32.23: Emperor Julian

Providendum est eorum novitati decurionum, qui nuper nomen curiis addiderunt, ne praeteritis debitis susceptorum onerentur: sed conventis propter haec debita, qui ea praecedentibus delegationibus contraxerunt, nullam eos molestiam pro sarcina nominationis alienae sustinere patiaris. * iul. a. iuliano com.

Provision must be made for the novelty of those decurions who have recently added their name to the curiae, lest they be burdened with the past debts of the susceptores; but when those are convened on account of these debts—who incurred them under previous delegations—you should not allow them to endure any annoyance on account of the load of another’s nomination. * Jul., Aug., to Julianus the count.

orientis. * <a 362 pp.Beryto k.Nov.Mamertino et nevitta conss.>

of the East. * <in the year 362, posted at Berytus on the Kalends of November, in the consulship of Mamertinus and Nevitta.>

CJ.10.32.24: Imperator Julianus

CJ.10.32.24: Emperor Julian

Si quis decurio pater sit tredecim liberorum, honoratissimae munerum quieti donetur. * iul. a. leontio consulari palaestinae.

If any decurion should be the father of thirteen children, let him be granted the most honorable exemption from the munera (public burdens). * julian the augustus to leontius, consularis of palestine.

* <a olo d.K.Mart.Antiochiae iuliano a.Iiii et sallustio conss.>

* <at Antioch, on the Kalends of March, in the consulship of Julian the Augustus for the 4th time and Sallustius, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.25: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.32.25: Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Curiales ultra terminos propriae civitatis non iubeantur a moderatoribus provinciarum sui exhibere praesentiam, nisi publica necessitas exegerit. * valentin. et valens aa. ad byzacenos.

Let curials not be ordered by the moderators of the provinces to exhibit their presence beyond the boundaries of their own city, unless public necessity has demanded it. * valentinian and valens, augusti, to the byzaceni.

* <a 364 d.Prid.Id.Sept.Aquileiae divo ioviano et varroniano conss. >

* <a 364 A.D., the day before the Ides of September, at Aquileia, under the consuls the deified Jovian and Varronianus. >

CJ.10.32.26pr.: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.32.26pr.: The Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Quidam ignaviae sectatores desertis civitatium muneribus captant solitudines ac secreta et specie religionis cum coetibus monazonton congregantur. * valentin. et valens aa. ad modestum pp. * <a 373 pp.Beryto k.Ian.Valentiniano et valente aa.Conss.>

Certain followers of sloth, the duties of the cities abandoned, hunt after solitudes and secluded places, and under the appearance of religion they gather with companies of monazontes. * valentinian and valens, emperors, to modestus, praetorian prefect. * <a 373 posted at Berytus on the Kalends of January, in the Consulship of Valentinian and valens, Emperors.>

CJ.10.32.26.1: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.32.26.1: Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Hos igitur atque huiusmodi deprehensos erui latebris consulta praeceptione mandamus atque ad munia patriarum subeunda revocari, aut pro tenore nostrae sanctionis familiarum rerum carcere illecebris, quas per eos censuimus vindicandas, qui publicarum essent subituri munera functionum. <a 373 pp.Beryto k.Ian.Valentiniano et valente aa.Conss.>

Therefore we command by a considered precept that these men and others of this sort, when apprehended, be dragged from their hiding-places and be recalled to undergo the duties of their fatherlands; or else, in accordance with the tenor of our sanction, that the goods of their households be held in custodial restraint as an inducement—the goods which we have determined are to be claimed, through them, by those who are about to assume the public burdens of functions. <a 373, published at Berytus on the Kalends of January, in the consulship of the Augusti Valentinian and Valens.>

CJ.10.32.27: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.32.27: Emperors Valentinian, Valens

Privilegio militiae paternae se non vindicet, quem avitus curiae nexus adstringit. quod si militari avo et patre decurione nascetur, paternae erit succedaneus functioni. * valentin.

Let him not claim for himself the privilege of the paternal military service, whom the ancestral bond of the curia binds. But if he is born of a military grandfather and of a father who is a decurion, he will be a substitute for the paternal function. * Valentinian.

et valens aa. mauris sitifensibus. * <a 368 vel 370 d.Viiii k.Ami.Treviris valentiniano et valente aa.Conss.>

and Valens, the Augusti, to the Sitifensian Mauri. * <in the year 368 or 370, on the 9th day before the Kalends of May, at Trier, when Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, were consuls.>

CJ.10.32.28: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.32.28: Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Nullus qualibet praerogativa fultus a debitis muneribus habeatur immunis. * valentin. et valens aa. ad volusianum pu. * <a 365 d.Iiii k.Iul.Mediolani valentiniano et valente aa.Conss.>

Let no one, supported by any prerogative, be held immune from the owed munera (public duties). * valentinian and valens, emperors, to volusianus, urban prefect. * <a 365, day 4 before the Kalends of July, at Milan, in the consulship of valentinian and valens, emperors.>

CJ.10.32.29: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.32.29: Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Nati ex inquilinarum nostrae domus matrimonio et patre decurione non patrum suorum, verum matrum condicionem sequantur. * valentin. et valens aa. germaniano pp. galliarum.

Those born from the marriage of female tenants of our household and a father who is a decurion shall follow not the condition of their fathers, but indeed of their mothers. * Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Germanianus, Praetorian Prefect of the Gauls.

* <a 365 d.Iii id.Oct.Valentiniano et valente aa.Conss.>

* <in the year 365, on the 3rd day before the Ides of October, Valentinian and valens, Augusti, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.30: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.32.30: Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Procuratores rei publicae actionibus publicis debere uti non venit in dubium. * valentin. et valens aa. ad modestum pp. * <a 370-371 >

It does not come into doubt that the procurators of the republic ought to make use of public actions. * valentinian and valens, the augusti, to modestus, the praetorian prefect. * <a 370-371 >

CJ.10.32.31: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.32.31: Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Ex omnibus domibus producti, qui origine sunt curiali, ad subeundam publicorum munerum functionem protrahantur, quippe cum occultatoribus talium praeter iacturam existimationis etiam rerum discrimen incumbat, si ulterius progressi utilitatem publicam privatis studiis et patrociniis postponant. * valentin. et valens aa.Et grat.

From all households let those who are of curial origin, once brought out, be drawn forth to undergo the performance of public munera, since upon the concealers of such persons, besides the loss of estimation, there also hangs the peril of their property, if, having gone further, they postpone the public utility to private pursuits and patronages. * valentinian and valens, emperors. And gratian.

a. ad modestum pp. * <a 371 d.Iii id.Iul.Ancyrae gratiano a.Ii et probo conss.>

a. to Modestus, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 371, on the 3rd day before the Ides of July, at Ancyra, when Gratian Augustus for the 2nd time and Probus were consuls.>

CJ.10.32.32: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.32: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Fabricenses ordinibus restituantur, qui originem curialem et propriae munera declinaverint civitatis: reliqui ne levi quidem inquietudine pulsentur. * grat. valentin.

Let the Fabricenses who have declined curial origin and the munera of their own city be restored to the orders: let the rest not be assailed even by slight inquietude. * Gratian, Valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. ad neoterium pp. * <a 380 d xvi k.April.Thessalonicae gratiano v et theodosio aa.Conss.>

and Theodosius, the Augusti, to Neoterius, Praetorian Prefect. * <a year 380, given on the 16th day before the Kalends of April, at Thessalonica, Gratian in his 5th consulship and Theodosius, the Augusti, Consuls.>

CJ.10.32.33pr.: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.33pr.: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Omnes iudices provinciarumque rectores a consuetudine temerariae usurpationis abstineant sciantque neminem omnino principalium aut decurionum sub qualibet culpae aut erroris offensa cruciatibus esse subdendum. * grat. valentin.

Let all judges and governors of the provinces abstain from the custom of rash usurpation, and let them know that no one at all of the principales or the decurions is to be subjected to tortures under any offense of fault or error. * Gratian, Valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. eutropio pp. * <a 381 d.Xii k.Aug.Heracleae eucherio et syagrio conss.>

and theodosius, the augusti, to eutropius, praetorian prefect. * <a 381 on the 12th day before the kalends of august at heraclea, in the consulship of eucherius and syagrius.>

CJ.10.32.33.1: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.33.1: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Quod si quis forte iudicum in hac pertinaciam illiciti furoris eruperit, quod audeat principalem ac decurionem et suae, si sic dici oportet, curiae senatorem tormentis subdere, viginti librarum auri illatione multatus et perpetua infamia inustus nec speciali quidem rescripto notam eluere mereatur: et officium quinquaginta librarum auri multam fisco nostro cogetur inferre, quoniam, ut pertinaciae iudicis sui resistat, liberam eidem contradicendi permittimus facultatem. <a 381 d.Xii k.Aug.Heracleae eucherio et syagrio conss.>

If by chance any one of the judges should break out into this pertinacity of illicit fury, so that he dares to subject a principal and a decurion and the senator of his, if it must be so said, curia to torments, let him be fined by the imposition of twenty pounds of gold and branded with perpetual infamy, nor let him deserve to wash away the mark even by a special rescript; and his office shall be compelled to pay a fine of fifty pounds of gold into our fisc, since, in order that it may resist the obstinacy of its judge, we grant to it the free faculty of contradicting him. <a 381 on the 12th day before the Kalends of August at Heraclea, in the consulship of Eucherius and Syagrius.>

CJ.10.32.34pr.: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.34pr.: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Si quis procurationem facultatum suarum curiali crediderit esse mandatam, totius dignitatis exceptione depulsa gravissima poena plectetur. * grat. valentin.

If anyone shall have believed the procuration of his own faculties to be mandated to a curial, with the exception of his whole dignity repelled, he shall be punished with a most grievous penalty. * Gratian and Valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. floro pp. * <a 382 d.X k.Nov.Constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss.>

and Theodosius, the Augusti, to Florus, Praetorian Prefect. * <in the year 382, on the 10th day before the Kalends of November (October 23), at Constantinople, in the consulship of Antonius and Syagrius.>

CJ.10.32.34.1: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.34.1: Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Ille vero, qui immemor libertatis et generis infamissimam suscipiens vilitatem existimationem suam servili obsecundatione damnaverit, tradatur exsilio. <a 382 d.X k.Nov.Constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss.>

He, however, who, unmindful of liberty and of his lineage, by embracing the most infamous vileness, shall have condemned his own reputation by servile obsequiousness, shall be consigned to exile. <a 382, on October 23, at Constantinople, with Antonius and Syagrius as consuls.>

CJ.10.32.35pr.: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.35pr.: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

In filiis decurionum retinendis priorum praeceptorum decreta sublimitas tua custodiat. * grat. valentin.

In the retaining of the sons of the decurions, let your Sublimity keep the decrees of the prior precepts. * grat. valentin.

et theodos. aaa. postumiano pp. * <a 383 d.Viii id.April.Constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss.>

and theodosius, the augusti, to postumianus, praetorian prefect. * <a in the year 383, the 8th day before the ides of april, at constantinople, merobaudes 2 and saturninus, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.35.1: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.35.1: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Eos quoque, qui advocationis obtentu curialia onera declinant, agere universa compellat, quae et si necessitas non exigit, tamen patria non remittit. <a 383 d.Viii id.April.Constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss.>

Those also who, under the pretext of advocacy, evade curial burdens, are to be compelled to perform everything which, even if necessity does not demand it, nevertheless the fatherland does not remit. <a 383 d.8 id. April. Constantinople Merobaudes 2 and Saturninus, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.35.2: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.35.2: Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Ipsos quin etiam filios magistrorum, qui ex curiali stirpe descendunt, simili modo obnoxios esse decernat. <a 383 d.Viii id.April.Constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss.>

Let it even decree that the very sons of magistrates who descend from curial stock are liable in a similar manner. <a 383 on the 8th day before the Ides of April. Constantinople merobaude 2 and saturninus consuls.>

CJ.10.32.36: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.36: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Exemplo senatorii ordinis patris originem unusquisque sequatur, nec valeant specialiter delata rescripta, si quis se matris origine defendens a maiore curia ad minorem transferri fortasse promeruerit: neque ulla pro more provinciae referri sinatur exceptio. * grat. valentin.

Let each person follow the father’s origin, after the example of the senatorial order; nor shall rescripts specially procured have force, if anyone, defending himself by the mother’s origin, should perhaps have deserved to be transferred from the greater curia to the lesser; nor let any exception be allowed to be reported on the pretext of the province’s custom. * Gratian, Valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. ad basilium com.

and theodosius, the augusti, to count basilius.

sacr. larg. * <a 383 d.Xvi k.Iul.Romae merobaude ii et saturnino conss.>

sacred largesses. * <in the year 383, on the 16th day before the Kalends of July, at Rome, in the consulship of Merobaudes for the 2nd time and Saturninus, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.37: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.37: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Quotienscumque se ex rescriptis nostris aliquid impetrasse contendent ii, quos obnoxios curiae vel origo fecerit vel latum inter partes iudicium designaverit, nullam prorsus spem curias declinandi ex colore sacrae iussionis accipiant. * grat. valentin.

Whenever those whom either their origin has made, or a judgment rendered between the parties has designated, liable to the curia, contend that they have obtained anything from our rescripts, let them take absolutely no hope of avoiding the curiae from the color of a sacred injunction. * Gratian, Valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. postumiano pp. * <a 383 d. xiiii k. aug.

and Theodosius, the Augusti, to Postumianus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 383, given on the 14th day before the Kalends of August.

constantinopoli merobaude ii et saturnino conss.>

at constantinople merobaudes 2 and saturninus, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.38pr.: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.38pr.: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Ne quis officialium poenae specie atque aestimatione curiae dedatur, nisi si quis forte curiam diffugiens ob hoc coeperit militare, ne ingenitis fungatur officiis. * grat. et valentin.

Let none of the officials be handed over to the curia under the guise of punishment and by the curial assessment, unless perhaps someone, fleeing the curia, has for this reason begun to serve in the army, so that he might not discharge the duties inherent to him. * gratian and valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. ad cynegium pp. * <a 384 d. viii id. nov.

and theodosius, the augusti, to cynegius, praetorian prefect. * <a in 384 on the 8th day before the ides of november.

constantinopoli ricomere et clearcho conss.>

at constantinople ricomer and clearchus, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.38.1: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.38.1: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Omnes itaque omnino iudices tuae censurae subditos admonebis, ne quis eorum aestimet curiae loco supplici quemquam deputandum, cum utique unumque criminosum non dignitas debeat, sed poena comitari. <a 384 d. viii id. nov. constantinopoli ricomere et clearcho conss.>

Therefore you will admonish absolutely all the judges subject to your censure, that none of them think that anyone ought to be assigned the curia as a place of supplication (asylum), since assuredly each and every criminal ought to be accompanied not by dignity, but by punishment. <a 384 on Nov. 6, at Constantinople, Ricomer and Clearchus, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.39: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.39: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Curiales, qui sese privilegio domus nostrae defendi posse crediderint, ad curiam retrahantur et propriis functionibus mancipentur et publica damna sarciant. * grat. et valentin.

Curiales who have believed that they could be defended by the privilege of our household shall be drawn back to the curia and be bound to their own functions and make good the public losses. * Gratian and Valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. et arcad.

and Theodosius, Augusti, and Arcadius.

a. ad eusignium pp.* <a 386 d. viii k. ian. honorio np. et euodio conss.>

a. to Eusignius, Praetorian Prefect.* <at 386, on the 8th day before the Kalends of January, Honorius, Most Noble Boy, and Euodius being consuls.>

CJ.10.32.40: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.40: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Quilibet principalium vel decurionum vel decoctor pecuniae publicae vel fraudulentus in adscriptionibus illicitis vel immoderatus in exactione fuerit inventus, iuxta pristinam consuetudinem non solum a vobis, quibus propter loci dignitatem rerum summa commissa est, verum a iudicibus ordinariis plumbatarum ictibus subiciatur. * grat. valentin.

Whoever of the principales or of the decurions, or a defaulter of public money, or one fraudulent in illicit registrations, or immoderate in exaction, shall be found, according to the former custom let him be subjected to the blows of leaded scourges, not only by you, to whom, on account of the dignity of the place, the sum of affairs has been entrusted, but also by the ordinary judges. * gratian, valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. cynegio pp. * <a 387 d. die k. april.

and Theodosius, the Augusti, to Cynegius, praetorian prefect. * at Antioch, 387, on the Kalends of April.

constantinopoli valentiniano a. iii et eutropio conss.>

at Constantinople, Valentinian Augustus for the 3rd time and Eutropius, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.41: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.41: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Decurio fortunam quam nascendo meruit suffragiis atque ambitione non mutet: et si vacare per senectutem potuerit, propter ordinationem, quae per plurimus cito definiri solet, curiam non relinquat. * grat. valentin.

Let a decurion not change by suffrages and ambition the fortune which he merited by being born; and even if he could be exempt by reason of old age, let him not leave the curia on account of ordination, which is wont to be quickly conferred upon very many. * gratian, valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. cyneaio pp. * <a 387 d. prid.

and Theodosius, the Augusti, to Cyneaius, praetorian prefect. * accepted in 387, on the day before.

non. iul. constantinopoli valentiniano a. iii et eutropio conss.>

the Nones of July, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Valentinian Augustus for the 3rd time and Eutropius, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.42pr.: Imperatores Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.42pr.: The Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

Militaribus viris nihil sit commune cum curiis: nihil sibi licitum sciant, quod suae non subiectum est potestati: nullum iniuria, nullum verbere, nullum gravi pulsatione tribunus, dux ille an comes sit, curialem principalemve contingat. * theodos. arcad.

Let military men have nothing in common with the curiae: let them know that nothing is licit to themselves with respect to what is not subject to their own power: let no injury, no beating, no grievous assault from a tribune, whether he be a dux or a comes, befall a curial or a principal. * theodos. arcad.

et honor. aaa. abundantio com.

and Honorius, the Augusti, to Count Abundantius.

et mag. utr. mil.* <a 392 d. prid.

and the master of both militias.* <in the year 392, on the day before.

k. aug. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss.>

On the Kalends of August at Constantinople, with Arcadius Augustus for the 2nd time and Rufinus as consuls.>

CJ.10.32.42.1: Imperatores Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.42.1: The Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

Si quis posthac temerario et inconsiderato ausu ullum ex principalibus viris usurpata attrectaverit iniuria, sciat se decem auri libris esse multandum. <a 392 d. prid. k. aug.

If anyone hereafter, with rash and inconsiderate daring, shall lay hands upon any of the principal men by usurped injury, let him know that he is to be fined ten pounds of gold. <a 392 d. the day before the Kalends of August.

constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss.>

at constantinople arcadius augustus for the 2nd time and rufinus, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.43: Imperatores Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.43: The Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

Omnes, qui curiali obstricti sanguine diversis se officiorum privilegiis et actuum praeiudiciis adgregarunt, reddendos muniis esse non ambiges. sed nec rescripta aut adnotationes ad munerum fugam prodesse permittimus. * theodos.

All who, bound by curial blood, have attached themselves by various privileges of offices and by prejudgments of acts, you will not doubt must be returned to the munera. But we do not permit rescripts or annotations to avail for the evasion of the munera. * Theodosius.

arcad. et honor. aaa.

arcadius and honorius, the augusti.

rufino pp. * <a 393 d. prid. id. april. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii at abundantio conss.>

to rufinus, praetorian prefect. * <a A.D. 393, the day before the Ides of April, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Theodosius Augustus (3) and Abundantius, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.44: Imperatores Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.44: Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

Nullus solius materni sanguinis vinculis illigetur, quia mulierum infirmitas numquam huiusmodi functionibus reddit obnoxios, a quibus ipsa habetur immunis. * theodos. arcad.

No one shall be bound by the bonds of maternal blood alone, since the infirmity of women never renders persons subject to functions of this kind, from which she herself is held immune. * theodosius, arcadius.

et honor. aaa. rufino pp. * <a 393 d. v id. aug.

and honorius, the three augusti, to rufinus, praetorian prefect. * at a., 393, given on the 5th day before the ides of august.

constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss.>

at Constantinople, when Theodosius Augustus for the 3rd time and Abundantius were consuls.>

CJ.10.32.45: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.45: The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius

Nominationum forma vacillare non debet, si omnes qui albo curiae detinentur adesse non possunt, ne paucorum absentia sive necessaria sive fortuita debilitet, quod a maiore parte ordinis salubriter fuerit constitutum, cum duae partes ordinis in urbe positae totius curiae instar exhibeant. * arcad. et honor.

The form of nominations ought not to vacillate, if all who are held on the curial album cannot be present, lest the absence of a few, whether necessary or fortuitous, debilitate what has been healthfully constituted by the greater part of the order, since two parts of the order positioned in the city present the equivalent of the whole curia. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. ennodio procons. africae. * <a 395 d.Xvii k.Iun.Mediolani olybrio et probino conss.>

the emperors to ennodius, proconsul of africa. * <a 395, on May 16, at Milan, in the consulship of Olybrius and Probinus.>

CJ.10.32.46: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.46: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Ad subeunda patriae munera dignissimi et meritis et facultatibus curiales eligantur, ne tales forte nominentur, qui functiones publicas implere non possint. * arcad. et honor.

For undertaking the fatherland’s duties, let curials most worthy in both merits and resources be chosen, lest perhaps such be named as cannot fulfill public functions. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. theodoro pp. * <a 395 d.Iiii k.Oct.Mediolani olybrio et probino conss.>

aa. to theodorus, praetorian prefect. * <year 395, on the 4th day before the kalends of Oct., at Milan, in the consulship of olybrius and probinus.>

CJ.10.32.47pr.: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.47pr.: The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Curiales, qui honorariam adepti sunt comitivam, formidare debent eos, quorum sunt moderationi commissi, nec se existimare ideo meruisse dignitatem, ut iudicum praecepta despiciant. * arcad. et honor.

The curiales, who have obtained an honorary comitiva, ought to fear those to whose governance they have been entrusted, and not think that they have therefore deserved a dignity, so as to despise the precepts of judges. * arcad. et honor.

aa. caesario pp. * <a 395 d.Iiii k.Ian.Constantinopoli olybrio et probino conss.>

the emperors to caesarius, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 395, on the 4th day before the Kalends of January, at Constantinople, in the consulship of olybrius and probinus.>

CJ.10.32.47.1: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.47.1: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Quod si in eadem culpa perseverent, quinque librarum auri multae obnoxius subiugetur, honore quoque quem prodidit spoliandus. <a 395 d.Iiii k.Ian.Constantinopoli olybrio et probino conss.>

But if he perseveres in the same fault, let him be subjected to a mulct of five pounds of gold, and also be despoiled of the honor which he has betrayed. <in the year 395, on the 4th day before the Kalends of January, at Constantinople, Olybrius and Probinus consuls.>

CJ.10.32.48: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.48: The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

In successione curialium decernimus, ut, etiam si patres decesserint, teneatur agnatio. * arcad. et honor.

In the succession of curials we decree that, even if the fathers have died, agnation is to be maintained. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. florentino pu. * <a 397 d.Xii k.Ian.Mediolani caesario et attico conss.>

the Emperors to Florentinus, Prefect of the City. * <in the year 397, on the 12th day before the Kalends of January, at Milan, in the consulship of Caesarius and Atticus.>

CJ.10.32.49: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.49: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Omnes, qui quolibet curiae iure debentur, cuiuscumque superstitionis sint, ad implenda munia teneantur. * arcad. et honor.

All who are due to the curia by any right whatsoever, of whatever superstition they may be, shall be held to fulfill the duties. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. theodoro pp. * <a 398 d.Id.Febr.Mediolani honorio a.Iiii et eutychiano conss.>

aa. to theodore, praetorian prefect. * <a 398 on the day of the Ides of Feb., at milan, when honorius augustus for the 4th time and eutychianus were consuls.>

CJ.10.32.50: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.50: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Omnes omnino curiales in originalibus ac debitis perpetuo curiis perseverent, et qui ex his ad provinciarum regimen atque administrationem qualibet fraude atque ambitione pervenerint, sciant se non solum in sua curia remansuros, sed etiam cunctis rursus ab exordio muneribus servituros. * arcad. et honor.

Let all curials absolutely persevere perpetually in their original and proper curiae, and those of them who have attained to the governance and administration of provinces by any fraud and ambition should know that they will not only remain in their own curia, but also will be liable to perform all duties again from the outset. * arcad. and honor.

aa. eutychiano pp. * <a 398 d.Viii k.Nov.Constantinopoli honorio a.Iiii et eutychiano conss.>

the emperors to Eutychianus, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 398, on the 8th day before the Kalends of November, at Constantinople, Honorius Augustus in his 4th consulship and Eutychianus being consuls.>

CJ.10.32.51pr.: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.51pr.: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Quamvis provisum fuerat congruae emendationis occursu, quemadmodum curiales militiae nomine et honore suspenso officiis redderentur, tamen quia hoc callido consilio reppererent, ut evitatis provinciae suae finibus, tamquam his eorum tantum interdictis fuisset accessus, peregrinos expeterent commeatus, ne diutius in perniciem curiarum latitandi spes et solacium eos impunitatis exacuat, horum cupiditatibus obviamus, ut ex eorum bonis, qui se vel prosecutioni vel muniis civitatum interdictae dudum ambitione militiae vel qualibet fraude subtrahere conati fuerint, curiis quas deseruerant consulatur. * arcad. et honor.

Although it had been provided, by the intervention of a suitable emendation, how the curials, with the name and honor of the militia suspended, should be restored to their duties, nevertheless, because they discovered this crafty stratagem—that, having evaded the borders of their own province, as though access had been forbidden to them only within those limits, they would seek foreign travel-passes—lest the hope and consolation of hiding and of impunity goad them on yet further to the ruin of the curiae, we oppose these cupidity-driven designs, to the effect that from the goods of those who have attempted to withdraw themselves, whether from prosecution or from the municipal munia, by a long-standing ambition for the militia or by any fraud whatsoever, provision shall be made for the curiae which they had deserted. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. messalae pp. * <a 399 d.Xvii k.Sept.Theodoro vc.Cons.>

the emperors to Messalla, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 399, on the 17th day before the Kalends of September (August 16), when Theodorus, a most distinguished man, was consul.>

CJ.10.32.51.1: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.51.1: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Itaque si vocati edictis intra anni metas ( ii tamen, qui manifestis curiae nexibus illigantur) latere potius quam redire maluerint, sciant post emensum annum interpellatis provinciarum moderatoribus ex facultatibus suis curiis quas destituerunt consulendum. neque enim de immaturo praeiudicio temporis possunt brevitatem causari. <a 399 d.Xvii k.Sept.Theodoro vc.Cons.>

Therefore, if, having been summoned by edicts, within the bounds of the year ( 2, however, who are bound by the manifest bonds of the curia) they should prefer to lie hidden rather than to return, let them know that, after a year has elapsed, with the governors of the provinces being interpellated, from their own resources it must be provided for the curiae which they have deserted. For they cannot allege brevity on the ground of an immature prejudgment of time. <a 399 d.17 k.Sept. Theodorus, most distinguished man, consul.>

CJ.10.32.52: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.32.52: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Quis tam inveniri iniquus arbiter rerum potest, qui in urbibus magnifico statu praeditis ac votiva curialium numerositate locupletibus ad iterationem quempiam transacti oneris compellat, ut, cum alii necdum paene initiati curiae sacris fuerint, alios continuatio et repetitae saepe functiones adficiant? * arcad. et honor.

Who can be found so unjust an arbiter of affairs as to compel someone, in cities endowed with a magnificent status and enriched by the votive numerousness of curials, to an iteration of an already transacted burden, so that, while some have scarcely yet been initiated into the sacred rites of the curia, others are afflicted by continuance and frequently repeated functions? * arcadius and honorius.

aa. probino procons. africae. * <a 397 d.Xvi k.April.Mediolani caesario et attico conss.>

the emperors to Probinus, proconsul of Africa. * <in the year 397, on March 17, at Milan, in the consulship of Caesarius and Atticus.>

CJ.10.32.53: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.53: The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius

Duumvirum impune non liceat extollere potestatem fascinum extra metas territorii propriae civitatis. * honor. et theodos.

A duumvir may not with impunity extend the authority of the fasces beyond the bounds of the territory of his own city. * Honorius and Theodosius.

aa. euchario procons. africae. * <a 412 d.Vi id.Mart.Ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa.Conss.>

the Augusti to Eucharius, proconsul of Africa. * <a in the year 412, on the 6th day before the Ides of March, at Ravenna, in the consulship of Honorius for the 9th time and Theodosius for the 5th, the Augusti, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.54: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.32.54: Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Generali lege sancimus, ut, si quis tuum decurionem curiae vindicare maluerit, si praesidis desit copia, eundem manus iniectione concessa sciat ad examen cognitoris resultantem esse deducendum, ita ut moderator provinciae, si quaestio fortasse fiducis defensionis ulla generatur, nisi intra tres menses causam originis competenti disceptatione cognoverit atque convictum cum poena restituerit debitis muneribus vel liberum ab inquietudine pronuntiaverit, decem librarum auri multam cogatur exsolvere, eius etiam officium pari damni inrogatione teneatur. * honor. et theodos.

By a general law we sanction that, if anyone should prefer to vindicate for the curia your decurion, if there is no availability of the praeses, he should know that, with arrest (laying-on of hands) granted, the same person is to be brought to the examination of a cognitor (deputy judge); provided that the governor of the province, if perhaps any question arises about surety for the defense, unless within three months he has learned the question of origin with appropriate adjudication and has restored the convicted man, with penalty, to the owed munera (public duties), or has declared him free from molestation, shall be compelled to pay a fine of 10 pounds of gold, and his office also shall be held by the imposition of an equal loss. * honor. et theodos.

aa. aplladio pp. * <a 416 d.V non.Mai.Ravennae theodosio a.Vii et palladio conss.>

The Emperors to Apolladius, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 416 on the 5th day before the Nones of May, at Ravenna, in the consulship of Theodosius Augustus for the 7th time and of Palladius, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.55: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.32.55: Emperors Theodosius, Valentinianus

Si quis decurio aut subiectus curiae ausus fuerit ullam adfectare militiam, nulla praescriptione temporis muniatur, sed ad condicionem propriam retrahatur, ne ipse vel eius liberi post talem ipsius statum procreati quod patriae debetur valeant declinare. * theodos. et valentin.

If any decurion or one subject to the curia shall have dared to aspire to any military service, let him be fortified by no prescription of time, but be drawn back to his own condition, lest he himself or his children begotten after such his status be able to decline what is owed to the fatherland. * theodosius and valentinian.

aa. isidoro pp. * <a 436 d.Iii non.April.Constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. >

the emperors to isidore, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 436, day 3 before the nones of april, at constantinople, isidore and senator, consuls.>

CJ.10.32.56pr.: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.32.56pr.: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian.

Alexandrinis principalibus, etsi advocatione fungantur, nihilo minus peregrinationi incumbat, nec cura publica nisi in sua tantum civitate committatur. * theodos. et valentin.

To the Alexandrian principales, even if they discharge advocacy, nonetheless let them apply themselves to travel, and let no public duty be entrusted except in their own city only. * Theodosius and Valentinian.

aa. isidoro pp. * <a 436 d.Prid.Non.Iun.Constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. >

the Emperors to Isidore, praetorian prefect. * <a A.D. 436, given on the day before the Nones of June at Constantinople, Isidore and Senator being consuls. >

CJ.10.32.56.1: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.32.56.1: The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian

Et primus curiae, cum muneribus universis expletis ad summum pervenerit gradum, comitivae primi ordinis fruatur post biennium dignitate praestita, in curialibus tamen permaneat. <a 436 d.Prid.Non.Iun.Constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. >

And the primus of the curia, when, with all munera completed, he shall have reached the highest grade, let him enjoy the comitiva of the first order, the dignity being conferred after a biennium; nevertheless, let him remain among the curials. <a 436 given on the day before the Nones of June at Constantinople, in the consulship of Isidore and Senator. >

CJ.10.32.57: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.32.57: The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinianus

Quinque summates ordinis alexandrini corporalibus iniuriis immunes esse censemus , ut voce libera commoditates patriae defendant, cum possint, si quid egerint criminose, pecuniariis coerceri dispendiis. aestimabuntur autem praesente curia viri spectabilis augustalis iudicio. * theodos.

We decree that the five highest-ranking men of the Alexandrian order are to be immune from corporal injuries, so that with a free voice they may defend the interests of the fatherland, since, if they should do anything criminally, they can be restrained by pecuniary penalties. Moreover, the assessment shall be made, in the presence of the curia, by the judgment of the Spectabilis, the Augustalis. * Theodosius.

et valentin. aa. isidoro pp. * <a 436 d.Prid.Non.Iun.Constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. >

and Valentinian, the Augusti, to Isidore, praetorian prefect. * <a in the year 436, on the day before the Nones of June, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Isidore and Senator. >

CJ.10.32.58: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.32.58: Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Eum, qui triginta annos in alexandrina civitate civilibus inhaeserit muneribus, corporalibus muniis, non pecuniariis excusari convenit: habita consideratione videlicet meritorum, ut hoc bene cogniti privilegium consequantur nec eo passim fruantur indigni. * theodos. et valentin.

He who has adhered for thirty years in the Alexandrian city to civil duties ought to be excused from corporal burdens, not from pecuniary ones: due consideration, namely, of merits being had, so that those well-recognized may obtain this privilege and that the unworthy may not indiscriminately enjoy it. * theodosius and valentinian.

aa. isidoro pp. * <a 436 d.Prid.Non.Iun.Constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. >

the Augusti to Isidore, Praetorian Prefect. * <in the year 436, on the day before the Nones of June, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Isidore and Senator. >

CJ.10.32.59pr.: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.32.59pr.: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Si quos spontaneos hypomnematographi munificos suis exhortationibus ad publicas nominaverint functiones, iubemus non expectandum esse consensum pro tempore viri spectabilis augustalis, qui fit plerumque venalis, sed utriusque partis sufficere voluntatem, ut incipiat functio, quam nullus incusat: tunc ad memoratum iudicem tam nominati quam etiam creatores consona relatione currente. * theodos. et valentin.

If the hypomnematographers, by their exhortations, should nominate any munificent volunteers to public functions, we order that there is to be no waiting for the consent, for the time, of the man of spectabilis rank, the Augustalis—which for the most part is venal—but that the will of both parties suffices, so that the function may begin, which no one challenges; then a concordant report shall go to the aforesaid judge from both the nominees and also the creators (nominators). * THEODOSIUS AND VALENTINIAN.

aa. isidoro pp. * <a 436 d.Prid.Non.Aug.Constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. >

the emperors to isidore, praetorian prefect. * <in 436 given on the day before the nones of august, at constantinople, in the consulship of isidore and senator. >

CJ.10.32.59.1: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.32.59.1: The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian

Quam si suscipere vel confirmare distulerit, sciat se viginti quinque auri librarum condemnatione plectendum. <a 436 d.Prid.Non.Aug.Constantinopoli isidoro et senatore conss. >

If he shall have deferred to undertake or to confirm it, let him know that he is to be punished with a condemnation of 25 pounds of gold. <year 436, on the day before the Nones of August, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Isidorus and Senator. >

CJ.10.32.60pr.: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.32.60pr.: The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian

Nullus, qui nexu generis curiae tenetur obnoxius, per substitutam quamcumque personam curiales impleat functiones, sed ipse per se debitum patriae munus exsolvat, etsi spectabili dignitate decoratus sit, nisi hoc ei speciali beneficio sit concessum. * theodos. et valentin.

No one who is held bound by the bond of the curial order shall perform the curial functions through any substituted person, but he himself in person shall discharge the duty owed to the fatherland, even if he is adorned with the Spectabilis dignity, unless this has been granted to him by a special beneficium. * Theodosius and Valentinian.

aa. thomae pp. * <a 442 d.V k.Mart.Constantinopoli eudoxio et dioscoro conss.>

the emperors to thomas, praetorian prefect. * 442, at Constantinople, on 25 February, in the consulship of Eudoxius and Dioscorus.

CJ.10.32.60.1: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.32.60.1: Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Ii vero, qui honorario titulo illustrem dignitatem consecuti sunt, per substitutos periculo suarum facultatum curiae muneribus satisfacere non vetentur. <a 442 d.V k.Mart.Constantinopoli eudoxio et dioscoro conss.>

Those indeed who have attained the illustrious dignity by an honorary title are not to be forbidden to satisfy the curia’s duties through substitutes, at the peril of their own resources. <25 February 442 at Constantinople, in the consulship of Eudoxius and Dioscorus.>

CJ.10.32.61pr.: Imperator Leo

CJ.10.32.61pr.: Emperor Leo

Neque dorotheum virum illustrem et totam eius substantiam neque irenaeum virum spectabilem tribunum et notarium, etsi ante paternas illustres dignitates natus est, ullam inquietudinem pro curiali genere et condicione sustinere decernimus: liberos quoque eorum, vel qui iam sunt vel futuri, eorumque posteros, quotienscumque continuata temporum et successionum perpetuitate nascentur, a curiali condicione et functione esse liberos: lege divae memoriae iuliani, quae de materno curialium antiochenae civitatis genere promulgata est, nihil in persona viri illustris dorothei vel viri spectabilis irenaei vel adversus facultates eorum vel adversus liberos eorundem, qui iam vel nati sunt vel postmodum quoquo tempore nascentur, vel adversus substantias eorum roboris habitura, * leo a. viviano pp. * <a 457-465 >

Nor do we decree that Dorotheus, an illustrious man, and all his substance, nor Irenaeus, a spectabilis man, tribune and notary, even if he was born before his father’s illustrious dignities, should sustain any disquiet on account of the curial stock and condition: their children also, whether such as already exist or are to be, and their descendants, as often as they shall be born in the continued perpetuity of times and successions, are to be free from the curial condition and function: the law of Julian of blessed memory, which was promulgated concerning the maternal line of the curiales of the city of Antioch, shall have no force in the person of the illustrious man Dorotheus or the spectabilis man Irenaeus, nor against their faculties, nor against their children, who either already are born or hereafter at whatever time shall be born, nor against their substances, having any strength, * leo a. viviano pp. * <a 457-465 >

CJ.10.32.61.1: Imperator Leo

CJ.10.32.61.1: Emperor Leo

Circa alias sane universas personas de materno genere ad memoratae antiochenae civitatis tantummodo curiam pertinentes eandem legem praecipimus obtinere propriam firmitatem. <a 457-465 >

Concerning, however, all other persons of the maternal line pertaining only to the curia of the aforementioned city of Antioch, we prescribe that the same law obtain its own proper force. <a 457-465 >

CJ.10.32.62pr.: Imperator Leo

CJ.10.32.62pr.: Emperor Leo

Si ille, qui ex filia decurionis antiochenae splendidissimae civitatis et patre, qui nullius alterius civitatis muniis debeatur, procreatus est, sub examine provincialis iudicis vel sponte confessus vel certe convictus fuerit, quod ex filia sit curialis progenitus et albo decurionum adscriptus fuerit, nullam sibi superesse facultatem negandae vel evitandae condicionis existimet et curialem non adspernari fortunam avi materni sui pertemptet nec dubitet se muniis curialibus subiacere. * leo a. constantino pp. * <a 457-465 >

If a man who has been begotten from the daughter of a decurion of the most splendid Antiochene city and from a father who is not bound to the duties of any other city, under the examination of the provincial judge has either voluntarily confessed or at any rate been convicted that he was begotten from the daughter of a curial and has been enrolled on the decurions’ roll, let him consider that no capacity remains to him for denying or avoiding the condition, and let him endeavor not to spurn the curial fortune of his maternal grandfather, nor doubt that he is subject to curial duties. * Leo Augustus to Constantinus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 457-465 >

CJ.10.32.62.1: Imperator Leo

CJ.10.32.62.1: Emperor Leo

Quod si quem curia, de qua praesens sanctio loquitur, natum ex filia curialis minime secundum praestitutam ordinationem sibi sociandum curaverit, prolem eius pulsare nullo modo penitus poterit: nec enim patimur conventionem eiusmodi praetermisso filio, quem filia curialis ediderat, a nepote vel pronepote vel ulterius incipere. <a 457-465 >

But if the curia, of which the present sanction speaks, has by no means, according to the prescribed ordinance, taken care to have one born from the daughter of a curial joined to itself, it will in no way whatsoever be able to pursue his issue at all: for we do not permit a proceeding of such a kind, with the son—whom the curial’s daughter had borne—passed over, to begin from the grandson or great-grandson or further. <a 457-465 >

CJ.10.32.63: Imperator Leo

CJ.10.32.63: Emperor Leo

Docticii viri clarissimi iuvenis fortuna super curiali condicione nullo modo inquietanda nec facultatibus eius, sed eo, qui huiusmodi conamen inierit, sacrilegii poenam luituro omnes, qui post peractam illustrem administrationem vel adhuc in ea posito patri suo giguntur, a curialium intentione defendantur una cum paternis sine dubio substantiis, quas cum persona patris a curiali nexu liberas esse nemo dissimulet. * leo a. ad senatum. * <a xxx >

The fortune of Docticii, a most illustrious young man, is in no way to be disturbed on account of the curial condition, nor his resources; but let him who has undertaken such an attempt pay the penalty of sacrilege. All who are begotten to their father after the illustrious administration has been completed, or while he is still placed in it, are to be defended from the claim of the curials together with the paternal estates, without doubt, which, together with the person of the father, let no one dissemble to be free from the curial bond. * Leo Augustus to the Senate. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.32.64pr.: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.32.64pr.: Emperor Zeno

Neminem ex his, qui obnoxii curiae constituti ab initio felicissimi nostrae pietatis imperii comitum privatarum nostrae vel augustae partis, seu comitis largitionum vel comitis domesticorum, quaestoris vel magistri officiorum ad actum administrationis gerendum provecti sunt vel in posterum provehentur, ob hoc curialium munerum laqueos volumus evitare: sed obligatos cum liberis suis quandocumque progenitis et facultatibus suis post administrationem depositam curiae commoditatibus inservire, nisi forte aliis privilegiis super hoc legibus cognitis muniantur. nam alia universa legitima vel ex constitutionibus data privilegia integra volumus illibataque observari. * zeno a. sebastiano pp. * <a xxx >

We wish no one among those who, having been constituted liable to the curia from the beginning of the most fortunate reign of our piety, has been advanced, or shall hereafter be advanced, to carry on the act of administration as Count of the Private Domains of our part or of the august part, or as Count of the (Sacred) Largesses or Count of the Domestics, as Quaestor or as Master of the Offices, to avoid on that account the nooses of curial burdens: but, being obligated, together with their children whenever begotten and with their means, after their administration has been laid down, to serve the interests of the curia, unless perhaps they are fortified by other privileges recognized by the laws in this regard. For all other legitimate privileges, or those given by constitutions, we wish to be observed intact and inviolate. * Zeno Augustus to Sebastian, Praetorian Prefect. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.32.64.1: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.32.64.1: Emperor Zeno

Ne tamen indulti honoris inane nomen retinere videantur, dignitatum titulis potiantur, per substitutos suarum periculo facultatum curialibus muneribus respondentes habeant integra illibataque privilegia dignitatis. <a xxx >

Nevertheless, lest they seem to retain the empty name of a granted honor, let them obtain the titles of dignities, and, through substitutes responding to the curial burdens at the peril of their own faculties, let them have the privileges of the dignity entire and inviolate. <a xxx >

CJ.10.32.64.2: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.32.64.2: Emperor Zeno

Eos vero, qui vel praefatas dignitates ante initium nostri imperii consecuti sunt, cum facultatibus suis et post eam dignitatem progenitis filiis a curialibus nexibus vel onere decernimus liberari. <a xxx >

Those, indeed, who attained the aforesaid dignities before the beginning of our reign, we decree to be freed, together with their own estates and with the sons begotten after that dignity, from curial bonds or burden. <a xxx >

CJ.10.32.64.3: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.32.64.3: Emperor Zeno

Hos autem, qui quocumque tempore patricii vel consules aut consulares facti sunt aut in posterum fuerint, aut magistri militum vel praefecti praetorio orientis vel illyrici vel urbis administrationem in actu positi quandoque gesserunt aut postea gesserint, omnimodo cum facultatibus suis et post eam dignitatem progenitis filiis a curiarum nexibus vel onere decernimus liberari. <a xxx >

However, those who at whatever time have been made patricians or consuls or consulars, or shall be hereafter, or who, being Masters of the Soldiers or Praetorian Prefects of the East or of Illyricum or of the City, have at any time, upon being set in office, exercised the administration or shall exercise it thereafter, we decree to be altogether, along with their assets and the sons begotten after that dignity, freed from the bonds or burden of the curiae. <a xxx >

CJ.10.32.66pr.: Imperator Anastasius

CJ.10.32.66pr.: Emperor Anastasius

Divae memoriae zenonis sacratissimam constitutionem, quae de curialibus post certas excelsas administrationes seu dignitates condicionis nexu liberandis lata est, in hac tantummodo parte duximus corrigendam, qua cavetur eos etiam, qui ante eandem constitutionem, ab initio tamen eiusdem divae recordationis zenonis imperii, comitis privatarum nostrae vel piissimae augustae partis, seu comitis largitionum vel comitis domesticorum, quaestoris aut magistri officiorum licet ad actum administrationis gerendum provecti sunt, minime curialium munerum laqueos ob hoc evitare, sed obligatos cum liberis suis quandocumque progenitis et facu ltatibus suis post administrationem depositam curiae commoditatibus inservire, nisi forte aliis privilegiis super hoc legibus cognitis muniantur. * anastas. a. polycarpo pp. * <a 497-499 >

We have judged that the most sacred constitution of Zeno of divine memory, which was enacted concerning curials to be freed from the bond of condition after certain exalted administrations or dignities, ought to be corrected only in this part: namely, in that provision whereby it is stipulated that those also who, before that same constitution, yet from the beginning of the reign of that same Zeno of divine remembrance, were promoted to perform the act of administration as Count of the Private Estates of our Part or of the most pious Augusta’s Part, or as Count of the Largesses or Count of the Domestics, or as Quaestor or Magister of the Offices, should by no means on that account avoid the snares of curial duties, but, bound along with their children whenever begotten and with their faculties, after laying down the administration should serve the conveniences of the curia—unless perhaps they are fortified by other privileges known in the laws on this point. * Anastasius Augustus to Polycarpus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 497-499 >

CJ.10.32.66.1: Imperator Anastasius

CJ.10.32.66.1: Emperor Anastasius

His etenim, qui memoratas administrationes vel unam ex his peregerunt, nec non liberis et rebus eorum beneficium, quod ante per illustrem administrationem peractam eis adquisitum est, intactum illibatumque iubemus servari, ut relaxatione condicionis et munerum curialium per anteriores principales dispositiones sibi concessa tam ipsi quam liberi eorum post huiusmodi administrationem adeptam procreati una cum propriis substantiis potiantur, etsi contigit eos post divae memoriae zenonis constitutionem sive per se sive per substitutos suos curiae competentia munera subisse: eadem videlicet constitutione divae memoriae zenonis ex die quo promulgata est suas vires obtinente, cum conveniat leges futuris regulas imponere, non praeteritis calumnias excitare. <a 497-499 >

For these indeed, who have completed the aforementioned administrations or one of them, and likewise for their children and their property, we order that the beneficium which, before, through the illustrious administration completed, was acquired for them, be preserved intact and inviolate, so that the relaxation of condition and of curial duties granted to them by earlier principal dispositions may be enjoyed both by they themselves and by their children procreated after such an administration has been attained, together with their own substance, even if it has happened that after the constitution of Zeno of divine memory they have undergone, either by themselves or through their substitutes, the duties competent to the curia: the same constitution of Zeno of divine memory, namely, obtaining its force from the day on which it was promulgated, since it is fitting that laws impose rules on things future, not arouse calumnies for things past. <a 497-499 >

CJ.10.32.67pr.: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.32.67pr.: Emperor Justinian

Curialibus consortiis consulentes censemus, ut nemo sibi blandiatur et non certis modis sese liberum esse existimet, sed pro nostra forma tantummodo sciat posse libertatem sibi curialis competere condicionis: omnibus anterioribus modis, quos non comprehendit praesens sanctio, ex praesenti die antiquandis. * iust. a. demostheni pp. * <a 529 >

Being solicitous for the curial consortia, we decree that no one flatter himself and think himself free by modes not certain, but let him know that only according to our form liberty can pertain to one of curial condition: all earlier modes, which the present sanction does not comprehend, to be antiquated from the present day. * iust. a. demostheni pp. * <a 529 >

CJ.10.32.67.1: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.32.67.1: Emperor Justinian

Si quis igitur vel summum patriciatus honorem fuerit consecutus, sive infulis consultatus honorarii aut ordinarii fuerit ampliatus, ut vel consul vel consularis efficiatur, seu praefectorum praetorio infulas susceperit gubernandas, vel urbicariam ( in ipso tamen actu) meruerit praefecturam, nec non magistri militum officium gerendum susceperit, is gaudeat se huiusmodi condicionis esse exsortem et liberum cum suis facultatibus suaque posteritate, quam postquam meruit dignitatem vel actum gessit ediderit, anterioribus filiis in condicione pristina remansuris. <a 529 >

If anyone, therefore, shall have attained even the highest honor of the patriciate, or shall have been augmented by the infulae of the consulship, honorary or ordinary, so that he is made consul or consular, or shall have assumed to administer the infulae of the Praetorian Prefects, or shall have merited the Urban Prefecture ( in the very act itself), and likewise shall have undertaken to bear the office of Magister Militum, let him rejoice that he is exempt from and free of a condition of this kind, together with his resources and with his posterity, whom he shall have begotten after he earned the dignity or performed the act, the earlier-born sons remaining in their former condition. <a 529 >

CJ.10.32.67.2: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.32.67.2: Emperor Justinian

Tam praefecturae quaestoris quam viri eloquentissimi fisci patroni tam praefecturae, quae orientalibus et illyricianis praesidet sedibus, quam urbicariae nexibus curiae liberantur, cum ad fisci patronatum pervenerint, una cum substantiis et liberis suis, quos vel ante habuerint vel postquam ad eundem gradum provecti sunt. <a 529 >

Both the quaestor of the prefecture and the most eloquent man, patron of the fisc, both of the prefecture which presides over the Oriental and Illyrician seats and of the urban prefecture, are released from the bonds of the curia, when they have attained the patronate of the fisc, together with their substances (assets) and their children, whom they may have had either before or after they were advanced to the same grade. <a 529 >

CJ.10.32.67.3: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.32.67.3: Emperor Justinian

Viri etiam clarissimi principes argentium in rebus curiae libertatem ex antiquis legibus consecuti sunt, et viri spectabiles proximi sacri scrinii memoriae et sacrarum epistularum nec non sacri scrinii libellorum sacrarumque cognitionum et dispositionum cum substantiis suis et liberis, quos post emensa stipendia susceperant. <a 529 >

Most Illustrious men, the chiefs of the argentarii, have obtained freedom in matters of the curia from the ancient laws, and the Spectable men, the proximi of the sacred scrinium of the Memoria and of the Sacred Epistles, and likewise of the sacred scrinium of the Libelli and of the sacred Cognitions and Dispositions, together with their own estates and with the children whom they had begotten after their terms of service had been completed. <a 529 >

CJ.10.32.67.4: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.32.67.4: Emperor Justinian

Hoc etiam nos corroborantes intuitu laborum, quos multos longo prolixoque tempore pertulerunt, intactum illibatumque conservamus, ut ii omnes fortuna curiali liberentur cum sua substantia suaque subole secundum ea quae praediximus. <a 529 >

We also, corroborating this in consideration of the many labors which they have borne through a long and protracted time, preserve it untouched and inviolate, so that all those may be freed from the curial condition together with their substance and their offspring, according to what we have said before. <a 529 >

CJ.10.32.67.5: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.32.67.5: Emperor Justinian

Ex aevo autem sequente progenitos antea nullius futuri fisci patroni liberos concedimus liberandos, ut ne, quod summis apicibus dignitatum non est concessum, hoc alii sibi audeant vindicare: sed progeniti filii ante, quam ad fisci patronatum pervenerint, in condicione pristina remaneant. <a 529 >

From the subsequent age, moreover, we concede that the children previously begotten, before their father is anyone who will be a patron of the fisc, are to be liberated, so that others may not dare to vindicate for themselves what has not been conceded to the highest pinnacles of dignities; but sons begotten before they shall have come to the patronate of the fisc are to remain in their pristine condition. <a 529 >

CJ.10.32.67.6: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.32.67.6: Emperor Justinian

Aliis autem modis, quam his, quos singillatim enumeravimus, sive legibus antiquis comprehensi sunt ( qualis erat is, quem ex tribus maribus concessum ante fuerat patri maximo senatui sociare) sive comprehensi anterioribus scitis non fuerant, liberationem competere cuidam curialis fortunae nullo patimur modo: sed sive pragmatica sanctio super hoc processit sive sententia eminentissimae praefecturae, sive alius quicumque modus excogitatus est, omnia ea penitus vacuari et pro infectis haberi, et curialia corpora suis reddi civitatibus et substantias eorum subiacere nulla excusatione eis penitus competente. <a 529 >

By other modes, however, than those which we have enumerated singly, whether they are encompassed by ancient laws (such as that by which, on account of three male children, it had formerly been conceded to associate the father with the most exalted Senate) or whether they had not been encompassed by earlier decrees, we in no way allow a liberation to be competent to any curial condition: but whether a pragmatic sanction has proceeded concerning this or a sentence of the most eminent prefecture, or whatever other mode has been contrived, all these are to be utterly vacated and held as not done, and the curial bodies are to be returned to their own cities and their properties to lie subject, with no excuse in any way competent to them. <a 529 >

CJ.10.33.0. Si libertus aut servus ad decurionatum adspiraverit.

CJ.10.33.0. If a freedman or a slave shall aspire to the decurionate.

CJ.10.33.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.33.1: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Si libertus vel ius aureorum anulorum adeptus non est vel natalibus suis non restitutus, praeses provinciae non tantum curiae participare non permittet, sed iuxta legis severitatem congruenti poena ulciscetur. * diocl. et maxim.

If a freedman has not obtained the right of the golden rings or has not been restored to his birth-status, the governor of the province will not only not permit him to share in the curia, but, in accordance with the severity of the law, will punish him with a fitting penalty. * diocl. and maxim.

aa. saturnino. * <a xxx >

the emperors to Saturninus. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.33.2: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.33.2: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Praeses provinciae, si eum qui aedilitate fungitur servum tuum esse cognoverit, si quidem non ignarum condicionis suae ad aedilitatem adspirasse perspexerit, ob violatam servili macula curiae dignitatem congruenti poena adficiet: si vero, cum opinione publica mater eius pro libera haberetur, ex decurione procreatus ad capessendum honorem errore lapsus processit, dominio tuo eum subiugabit. * diocl. et maxim.

The governor of the province, if he learns that the man who is performing the aedileship is your slave, if indeed he perceives that, not unaware of his own condition, he aspired to the aedileship, will inflict a fitting penalty for the dignity of the curia violated by the servile stain: but if, since in public opinion his mother was held as free, he, born of a Decurion, proceeded, slipping by error, to take up the honor, he will subject him to your dominion. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. orcinae. * <a xxx >

The Augusti. To Orcina. * <a 30 >

CJ.10.34.0. De praediis curialium sine decreto non alienandis.

CJ.10.34.0. On the estates of curials not to be alienated without a decree.

CJ.10.34.1pr.: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.34.1pr.: Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Si quis decurionum vel rustica praedia vel urbana venditor necessitate coactus addicit, interpellet iudicem competentem omnesque causas singillatim quibus strangulatur exponat et ita demum distrahendae possessionis facultatem accipiat, si alienationis necessitatem probaverit. infirma enim erit vinditio, si haec fuerit forma neglecta. * valentin.

If any of the decurions, compelled by necessity, as a seller alienates either rural estates or urban ones, let him petition the competent judge and set forth individually all the causes by which he is constrained, and only then let him receive the faculty for the to-be-sold possession, if he shall have proved the necessity of the alienation. For the sale will be infirm if this form is neglected. * Valentinian.

theodos. et arcad. aaa.

theodosius and arcadius, the augusti.

cynegio pp. * <a 386 d.Viii k.Dec.Constantinopoli honorio np.Et euodio conss.>

to cynegius, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 386, on the 8th day before the Kalends of Dec., at Constantinople, honorius, most noble boy, and evodius, consuls.>

CJ.10.34.1.1: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.34.1.1: The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Ita enim fiet, ut nec immoderatus venditor nec emptor, cuiuscumque sit condicionis, inveniatur iniustus. denique nihil erit postmodum, quo venditor vel circumventum se insidiis vel oppressum potentia comparatoris queri debeat, quandoquidem sub fide actorum et de necessitate distrahentis et de voluntate patuerit comparantis. <a 386 d.Viii k.Dec.Constantinopoli honorio np.Et euodio conss.>

Thus it will come about that neither an immoderate vendor nor a purchaser, of whatever condition he may be, will be found unjust. Finally, thereafter there will be nothing about which the vendor ought to complain that he has been either circumvented by snares or oppressed by the power of the purchaser, since under the faith of the records both the necessity of the one selling and the will of the one buying shall have been made clear. <a 386 on the 8th day before the Kalends of December at Constantinople, Honorius N.P. and Evodius, consuls.>

CJ.10.34.1.2: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.34.1.2: The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Quod si quis contra vetitum occultis molitionibus per suppositas fraude personas cuiuslibet loci, quem tamen decurio distrahat, comparator extiterit, sciat se pretio quod dedit esse privandum et locum quem comparavit cum fructibus esse restituendum. <a 386 d.Viii k.Dec.Constantinopoli honorio np.Et euodio conss.>

But if anyone, contrary to the prohibition, by occult machinations through persons put forward by fraud, should turn out to be the purchaser of any place, which nevertheless a decurion is selling off, let him know that he is to be deprived of the price which he paid and that the place which he bought, together with its fruits, is to be restored. <a in the year 386, on the 8th day before the Kalends of December, at Constantinople, Honorius, nobilissimus puer, and Euodius, consuls.>

CJ.10.34.2pr.: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.34.2pr.: The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian

Nec venditio rei hereditariae curiae adquisitae aut debitoris hereditarii qui solverit liberatio aliter admittenda est, nisi apud acta totius vel maioris partis ordinis intercedente decreto ineundi contractus vel dissolvendae obligationis causa probetur. * theodos. et valentin.

Nor is the sale of hereditary property acquired by the curia, or the release of an hereditary debtor who has paid, to be admitted otherwise, unless it is proven in the records of the whole order or of the greater part of the order, with a decree intervening, for the purpose of entering into the contract or dissolving the obligation. * theodosius and valentinian.

aa. florentino pp. * <a 428 d.V id.Iun.Constantinopoli felice et tauro conss.>

the emperors to florentinus, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 428, on the 5th day before the Ides of June, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Felix and Taurus.>

CJ.10.34.2.1: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.34.2.1: Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Ita enim id quod ex ea redigitur ad praediorum iubemus comparationem expendi, quorum reditus omnes, sicut dictum est, eiusdem curiae publicis muneribus, quae solacio egere constiterit, iustissime servabuntur: ex consensu omnium et maxime ditiorum, vel idonea fideiussione oblata conductoribus eligendis. <a 428 d.V id.Iun.Constantinopoli felice et tauro conss.>

Thus we order that what is realized from it be expended for the acquisition of estates, the whole revenues of which, as has been said, will be most justly preserved for the public munera of the same curia, which has been established to be in need of relief: with the consent of all and especially of the wealthier, or upon the offering of suitable suretyship, for the choosing of lessees. <a in the year 428 on the 5th day before the Ides of June at Constantinople, Felix and Taurus consuls.>

CJ.10.34.3pr.: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.34.3pr.: The Emperor Zeno

Curiales vendere quidem res immobiles vel mancipia rustica prohibemus sine interpositione decreti: donationes vero vel permutationes vel quoslibet alios etiam sine decreto permittimus celebrare contractus, quoniam et sacrae constitutiones, quae super hoc a retro principibus latae sunt, in plurimis suis partibus de pretio non redhibendo locutae sunt, ut ex hoc apertissime detur intellegi solum emptionis decurionibus sine decreto interdictum fuisse contractum. * zeno a. sebastiano pp. * <>

We prohibit curials from selling immovable things or rural slaves without the interposition of a decree: but we permit them to celebrate donations or exchanges (permutations) or any other contracts even without a decree, since also the sacred constitutions which have been enacted on this by former princes have, in many of their parts, spoken about the price not being redhibited (refunded), so that from this it is given to be most plainly understood that only the contract of purchase has been forbidden to the decurions without a decree. * Zeno Augustus to Sebastianus, Praetorian Prefect. * <>

CJ.10.34.3.1: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.34.3.1: Emperor Zeno

Cum tamen venditione intercedente, ut dictum est, decretum agitur, nihil eos vel qui ab his comparant dispendium, cuiuscumque personae vel causae vel theatralis liberalitatis nomine, quod frequenter fieri dicitur, sustinere decernimus, ne ex tabella decretum recitari, sed curialium vel maioris partis curiae relatione currente sine ulla malignitate referentium vel damno contrahentium ad confrimandam emptionem competentis iudicis proferri sententiam. <>

When, however, with a sale intervening, as has been said, a decree is conducted, we decree that neither they nor those who purchase from them shall sustain any expense, under the name of any person or cause or of theatrical liberality (which is said frequently to occur); and let the decree not be recited from a tablet, but, with a report of the curials or of the greater part of the curia proceeding, without any malice of the reporters or loss of the contracting parties, let the sentence of the competent judge be brought forward to confirm the purchase. <>

CJ.10.35.0. Quando et quibus debetur quarta pars ex bonis decurionum et de modo distributionis eorum.

CJ.10.35.0. When and to whom a fourth part from the goods of the decurions is owed, and on the mode of their distribution.

CJ.10.35.1: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.35.1: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Si decurionum consortio sit alienus qui curiali successit, competentis eidem iuris ( sive ex asse sive ex parte heres sit bonorumve possessor) partem quartam iure optimo a curia peti decernimus. * theodos. et valentin.

If he who has succeeded to a curial be alien to the consortium of the decurions, we decree that a fourth part of the right accruing to him (whether he be heir of the whole or in part, or possessor of the goods) be, by the best right, demanded by the curia. * theodos. and valentin.

aa. florentio pp. * <a 428 d.V id.Iun.Constantinopoli felice et tauro conss.>

the augusti to florentius, praetorian prefect. * <in 428, on the 5th day before the ides of june at constantinople, felix and taurus, consuls.>

CJ.10.35.2pr.: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.35.2pr.: Emperor Zeno

Meminimus nuper emissa lege divali portionem quartam de facultatibus curialium fati munus implentium, ex qualibet novissima voluntate vel ab intestato etiam ad quemcumque praeterquam si ad filios curiales deferantur, curiarum deputasse corporibus. sed multi tamquam corrumpendi totius patrimonii occasione captata uniuscuiusque rei sibi particulam vindicando adeo totas dilacerant facultates, ut, dum participibus relictarum opum nocere cupiant, sua quoque iura praecipitent. * zeno a. apollonio pp. * <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

We remember that recently, by an imperial law, we assigned to the corporate bodies of the curiae the fourth portion of the estates of curials fulfilling the due of fate, from any latest will or even ab intestate to whomever they are conveyed, except if they are conveyed to curial sons. But many, seizing the occasion as if to ruin the entire patrimony, by claiming for themselves a small share of each and every item, so tear the whole resources to pieces that, while they desire to harm the co-participants in the goods left, they also plunge their own rights headlong. * zeno a. apollonio pp. * <a 443 on the 8th day before the Ides of March, at constantinople, after the consulship of dioscorus and eudoxius, most distinguished men.>

CJ.10.35.2.1: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.35.2.1: Emperor Zeno

Quorum nimiam licentiam provida dispositione frenantes ipsis quidem curialibus occupandi sua auctoritate res mortui copiam denegamus: heres autem, ad quem ab intestato vel ex postrema voluntate directis vel fideicommissariis verbis decurrit hereditas, omne patrimonium quod relictum est in partes quattuor dividi procuret, ut, rebus totis in sortitum casumque deductis vel curiae quadrantis vel heredi vel fideicommissario per universitatem dodrantis electio ex sortis felicitate contingat. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

Restraining their excessive license by a provident disposition, we deny to the curiales themselves the opportunity of seizing, on their own authority, the property of the deceased; but the heir, to whom the inheritance runs either ab intestato or from the last will, by direct words or by fideicommissary words, shall procure that all the patrimony which has been left be divided into four parts, so that, when all the goods have been submitted to lot and chance, the choice—of the quarter for the curia, or of the three-quarters in their entirety for the heir or the fideicommissary—may fall according to the good fortune of the draw. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

CJ.10.35.2.1a: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.35.2.1a: Emperor Zeno

Ita scilicet et praefati successores et curia promiscui rerum dominii liberabuntur incommodo. naturale quippe vitium est neglegi, quod communiter possidetur, utque se nihil habere, qui non totum habeat, arbitretur, denique suam quoque partem corrumpi patiatur, dum invidet alienae. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

Thus, namely, both the aforesaid successors and the curia will be freed from the inconvenience of common dominion of things. For it is a natural vice that what is possessed in common is neglected, and that he who does not have the whole thinks himself to have nothing, and finally allows even his own share to be corrupted, while he envies another’s. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

CJ.10.35.2.2: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.35.2.2: Emperor Zeno

Sed ubi quarta pars bonorum mortui curiae debet offerri, immobiles quidem res, quae nec latere facile possunt nec quicquam si divulgentur officiunt, sub adspectu etiam curialium aestimari dividique concedimus: mobiles autem res vel se moventes vel instrumenta, vel si quid etiam in huiusmodi iure consistat, in medium proferri divulgarique non patimur, sed iuratis successoribus, cum apud se diligenter aestimaverint, quae quantique sint pretii facultates, credi oportere decernimus. quid enim tam durum tamque inhumanum est, quam publicatione pompaque rerum familiarium et paupertatis detegi vilitatem et invidiae patere divitias? <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

But where the fourth part of the goods of the deceased must be offered to the curia, we grant that the immovable things—which can neither easily be hidden nor, if they are made public, do any harm—may be appraised and divided under the very gaze of the curiales; but the movable things, whether self-moving or instruments, or if anything likewise consists in a right of this kind, we do not allow to be brought into the midst and publicized, but we decree that, after the successors have been sworn, when they have carefully appraised by themselves what the assets are and of what price, credit ought to be given to them. For what is so hard and so inhuman as that, by the publication and pomp of domestic goods, the cheapness of poverty be exposed and riches lie open to envy? <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

CJ.10.35.2.3: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.35.2.3: Emperor Zeno

In exigendis vero debitis, si pretium, quod pro quarta parte actionum curiae competit, successores praestare noluerint, cautionibus iurata fide prolatis in medium unusquisque a debitoribus convenientem sibi exigat portionem: eque diverso aes alienum, si cui defunctus fuerat obligatus, tam idem successores quam curia pro sua sorte restituere compellentur. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

In the exaction of debts indeed, if the successors should be unwilling to pay the price which is owed to the curia for the fourth part of the actions, then, upon sureties produced under oath publicly, let each person exact from the debtors the portion suitable to himself; and conversely, as to any debt, if the deceased had been obligated to anyone, both these same successors and the curia shall be compelled to restore according to their own share. <a 443 day 8 before the Ides of March, at Constantinople, after the consulship of Dioscorus and Eudoxius, most distinguished men.>

CJ.10.35.2.4: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.35.2.4: Emperor Zeno

Quod si saepe dicti successores sacramentum sibi crediderint excusandum, tum vero ad similitudinem rerum immobilium diligentior curialibus omnium rerum indago praebebitur, scilicet ut universis mortui facultatibus in aperto propositis vel aestimatio rerum vel divisio sub praesentia curialium celebretur. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

But if the oft-mentioned successors should believe that the oath ought to be excused for themselves, then indeed, after the likeness of immovable property, a more diligent inquiry into all things will be afforded to the curials—namely, that, with all the deceased’s resources set forth openly, either an appraisal of the things or a division be conducted in the presence of the curials. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

CJ.10.35.2.5: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.35.2.5: Emperor Zeno

In omnibus autem casibus, ubi quarta pars curiae competit, transactiones interpositas firmas illibatasque manere decernimus. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

In all cases, however, where a fourth part of the curia is competent, we decree that the transactions interposed shall remain firm and inviolate. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

CJ.10.35.2.6: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.35.2.6: Emperor Zeno

Ad filiorum vero curialium vel nepotum ac pronepotum, scilicet decurionum, similitudinem, ad quos integras opes pervenire censuimus, filiam quin etiam neptem proneptemve principali eiusdem civitatis, unde pater avus vel proavus oritur, nuptam rerum vel ab intestato vel ex dispositione ultimae voluntatis quaesitarum integrum nullaque parte minutum dominium habere sancimus. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

Moreover, in the likeness of the sons of curials, or of the grandsons and great‑grandsons, namely decurions, to whom we have judged that entire wealth should pass, we also sanction that the daughter, and even the granddaughter or great‑granddaughter, married to a principal of that same city whence the father, grandfather, or great‑grandfather arises, shall have entire and in no part diminished dominion over things acquired either ab intestato or by the disposition of a last will. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

CJ.10.35.2.7: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.35.2.7: Emperor Zeno

Quod si post parentum obitum inveniantur innuptae vel viduae, in impuberibus quidem post transactam pubertatem, in aliis vero, quae pubertatem excesserint, vel etiam in viduis post mortem parentis triennium dumtaxat volumus expectari, ut interim quarta portio suspensa aut apud eam, si in matrimonio curialis eiusdem civitatis fuerit collocata, perpetuo iure permaneat vel, si intra id temporis alienum eadem curia sortiatur maritum penitusve nupta non fuerit, memorata pars totius substantiae curiae cum triennii tam urbanorum quam rusticorum praediorum dumtaxat fructibus addicatur: ita tamen, ut sacramenti tam de quantitate quam de aestimatione rerum mobilium deque actionibus inferendis excipiendisve, sicut in extraneis personis dictum est, ratio conservetur. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

But if after the death of the parents they are found to be unmarried or widowed, in the case of minors indeed, after puberty has been passed; but in the others who have exceeded puberty, and even in widows, we wish only a period of three years to be awaited after the parent’s death, so that in the meantime the fourth portion, being held in suspense, either remains with her by a perpetual right, if she shall have been settled in marriage with a curial of the same city; or, if within that time she obtains as husband a man alien to the same curia, or has not been married at all, the aforesaid part of the whole substance is adjudged to the curia together with only the fruits of three years, both of urban and of rural estates: provided, however, that the rule of the oath—both concerning the quantity and the valuation of movable things and concerning actions to be brought or to be received—be preserved, just as has been said in the case of outside persons. <a 443, on the 8th day before the Ides of March, at Constantinople, after the consulship of the most distinguished men Dioscorus and Eudoxius.>

CJ.10.35.2.8: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.35.2.8: Emperor Zeno

Sed et si mater mortui vel avia tempore, quo filius neposve moritur, in coniugio eiusdem civitatis curialis inventa fuerit, ne ipsas quidem patimur quartae portionis subire iacturam. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

But also, if the mother of the deceased or the grandmother, at the time when the son or the grandson dies, shall be found in matrimony with a curial of the same city, we do not allow even they themselves to undergo the loss of the fourth portion. <a 443 on 8 Mar. at Constantinople, after the consulship of Dioscorus and Eudoxius, most illustrious men.>

CJ.10.35.2.9: Imperator Zeno

CJ.10.35.2.9: Emperor Zeno

Extraneum quin etiam heredem propinquitatis quidem iure discretum, curiae tamen eiusdem civitatis obnoxium supra dictae portionis dispendio liberamus. <a 443 d.Viii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

We even liberate an extraneous heir—indeed separated by the right of propinquity, yet subject to the curia of the same city—from the expense of the aforesaid portion. <a 443 on the 8th day before the Ides of March at Constantinople, after the consulship of Dioscorus and Eudoxius, most distinguished men.>

CJ.10.35.3pr.: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.35.3pr.: Emperor Justinian

Si quis curialibus muniis obnoxius, uno forte vel pluribus filiis vel filiabus derelictis, filio quidem vel filiis suae substantiae partem minimam dereliquerit , eam tamen, quae excludere eos de inofficiosi querella potest, aliis autem suam substantiam dereliquit, ut ex hac patrimonii distributione ad filium quidem vel filios curiales minima pars substantiae remaneat, totum autem curiale munus masculis immineat, sive filii sive nepotes sint vel pronepotes, curiali tamen condicioni obnoxii: sancimus huiusmodi iniquitatem resecari et non minus quarta portione in masculos posse testatorem transmittere, sive unus est filius sive plures, nulla deminutione ex permixtione sororum eis facienda, ut non solum corporibus, sed etiam substantiis laborantes possint curiales habere consortium. * iu st. a. menae pp. * <a 528 d.K.Iun.Constantinopoli iustiniano a.Ii cons.>

If anyone subject to curial duties, having left surviving perhaps one or more sons or daughters, has left to a son or to sons the smallest part of his substance—yet that which can exclude them from the complaint of undutifulness—while he has left his substance to others, such that from this distribution of the patrimony the smallest part of the substance remains to the curial son or sons, but the whole curial burden presses upon the males, whether they are sons or grandsons or great-grandsons, nevertheless subject to the curial condition: we ordain that such iniquity be cut away, and that the testator may transmit not less than a fourth portion to the males, whether there is one son or several, with no diminution to be made to them from the permixture of sisters, so that curials, laboring not only with their bodies but also with their substances, may be able to have partnership. * Justinian Augustus to Mena, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 528 the day before the Kalends of June at Constantinople, Justinian, consul for the 2nd time.>

CJ.10.35.3.1: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.35.3.1: Emperor Justinian

Ad hoc sancimus, si quis curialis filiabus pluribus derelictis ab hac luce fuerit subtractus, quarum una curiali eiusdem nupserit civitatis, aliis filiabus, quae ad huiusmodi vota non migraverint, vel extraneis in reliquam partem heredibus derelictis, non videri curiae ex sententia legis theodosianae ad apollonium scriptae satisfieri: sed omnino quartam partem patrimonii curia consequatur, sive uni filiae, quae curialibus nuptiis copulata sit, deputanda sive ex aliis heredibus colligenda, filia procul dubio que curiali nupsit immuni ab huiusmodi quartae datione servanda, cum per maritum eius quantum ad ipsius personam curiae sit satisfactum: et hoc observari non solum si ultimo elogio condito testator curialis decesserit, sed etiam si intestato diem suum obierit. <a 528 d.K.Iun.Constantinopoli iustiniano a.Ii cons.>

To this we further ordain: if any curial, leaving behind several daughters, has been removed from this light, of whom one has married a curial of the same city, while the other daughters, who have not migrated to vows of this kind, or outsiders, are left as heirs for the remaining share, it is not to be considered that the curia is satisfied according to the judgment of the Theodosian law written to Apollonius; but the curia shall in all events obtain a fourth part of the patrimony, whether this is to be assigned to the one daughter who has been joined in curial nuptials or to be collected from the other heirs, the daughter who without doubt married a curial being kept immune from the giving of such a fourth, since through her husband, as regards her person, satisfaction has been rendered to the curia. And let this be observed not only if, with a final testamentary utterance composed, the curial testator has deceased, but also if he has met his day intestate. <a Constantinople, on the Kalends of June 528, in Justinian’s 2nd consulship.>

CJ.10.35.3.2: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.35.3.2: Emperor Justinian

Sed si quid minus fuerit vel minime derelictum, hoc modis omnibus filio curiali vel filiae, quae nupta est eiusdem civitatis decurioni, ex substantia patris curialis vel deputari vel adimpleri: nullo obstaculo curiae opponendo, si secundum praedictam legem filius nepos pronepos pater avus proavus curiali morienti fuerint derelicti, qui nexibus curialibus ex quacumque vel dignitate vel occasione fuerint absoluti: in hoc etenim theodosianae legi apertissime volumus esse derogatum. <a 528 d.K.Iun.Constantinopoli iustiniano a.Ii cons.>

But if anything shall have been lacking or not at all left, this in every way must either be deputed or made up to the curial son, or to the daughter who is married to a decurion of the same city, out of the substance of the curial father: with no obstacle of the curia being opposed, even if, according to the aforesaid law, a son, grandson, great‑grandson, father, grandfather, or great‑grandfather should have been left to the dying curial, who have been absolved from curial bonds by whatever dignity or occasion: for in this matter we most openly will the Theodosian law to be derogated. <a 528 on the Kalends of June, at Constantinople, Justinian, in his 2nd consulship.>

CJ.10.35.3.3: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.35.3.3: Emperor Justinian

Et generaliter definimus ex omni causa neque masculos liberos neque filias copulatas matrimonio curialis minus quarta parentis substantiae habere, vel non extantibus filiis vel filiabus, sed aliis heredibus ipsam curiam secundum anteriores leges quartae curialis morientis habere solacium. <a 528 d.K.Iun.Constantinopoli iustiniano a.Ii cons.>

And in general we define, from any cause whatever, that neither male children nor daughters joined in marriage of a curialis are to have less than a fourth of the parent’s substance; or, if sons or daughters are not extant, then, with other heirs, the curia itself, according to the earlier laws, is to have the solace of the fourth of the dying curialis. <a 528 on the Kalends of June, at Constantinople, Justinian in his 2nd consulate.>

CJ.10.36.0. De imponenda lucrativis descriptione.

CJ.10.36.0. On imposing a description upon lucratives.

CJ.10.36.1pr.: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.36.1pr.: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Descriptionis onere siliquarum quattuor, quas ex lucrativis iugationibus tantum, non humanis vel animalium censibus neque mobilibus rebus iubemus indici, etsi curiales non sit, maiores ac posteros liberamus, ut, si pater avus vel proavus filio nepoti pronepotive vel filiae nepti proneptive ( nec interest, nuptae sint curialibus nec ne) postrema voluntate vel inter vivos etiam donatione quicquam de suis opibus largiatur, memoratae descriptionis cesset indictio: eque diverso ut, si posteriores ad maiores praedicta sibi consanguinitate devinctos praefatis titulis suas conferant facultates, nullius accessione gravaminis huiusmodi liberalitas oneretur: ita enim necessariis sibi coniunctisque personis sub liberalitatis appellatione debitum naturale persolvitur. * theodos. et valentin.

We free elders and descendants from the burden of the description of four siliquae, which we order to be imposed only from gainful “iugations,” not from the censuses of humans or of animals nor from movable things, whether they be curiales or not, so that, if a father, grandfather, or great-grandfather should bestow anything of his resources upon a son, grandson, or great-grandson, or upon a daughter, granddaughter, or great-granddaughter (and it makes no difference whether they be married to curiales or not) by last will, or even by a donation inter vivos, the indiction of the aforesaid description shall cease; and conversely, if the later generation should confer their faculties upon the elders bound to them by the aforesaid consanguinity under the aforementioned titles, let such liberality be burdened by no accession of charge; for in this way, to persons necessary and conjoined to oneself, under the appellation of liberality the natural due is paid. * Theodosius and Valentinian.

aa. apollonio pp. * <a 442 d.Vii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

the Augusti to Apollonius, Praetorian Prefect. * <in 442, on March 9, at Constantinople, after the consulship of Dioscorus and Eudoxius, most distinguished men.>

CJ.10.36.1.1: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.36.1.1: The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian

Cuius auctoritatem iuris pariter valere sancimus, et si ab intestato succedant praefiniti sibi generis ordine sociati: ex his enim successionibus maxime debiti potius solutio quam muneris oblatio comprobatur, quae non largientibus etiam dominis ipsa propinquitatis serie deferuntur. <a 442 d.Vii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

We sanction that the authority of this law is likewise to prevail, even if they succeed ab intestato, joined according to the prescribed order of degree of kinship: for from these successions it is especially the payment of a debt rather than the offering of a favor that is approved, since they are conferred not by the largess even of the owners, but by the very series of kinship. <a 442 on the 7th day before the Ides of March, at Constantinople, after the consulship of Dioscorus and Eudoxius, most illustrious men.>

CJ.10.36.1.2: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.36.1.2: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Ceteri vero, licet quadam inter se cognatione iungantur, numquam tamen curiale praedium sine praedicto onere lucrabuntur, nisi is forte, cui lucro res cesserit , eiusdem civitatis ordini sit obstrictus, qui, licet inter extraneos numeretur, vacuum tamen ea functione quod datum est consequatur: nam cum personae condicio non mutetur, nec rei quidem statum convenit immutari. <a 442 d.Vii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

The others, indeed, although they are joined among themselves by a certain cognation, nevertheless shall never acquire a curial estate without the aforesaid burden, unless perhaps the one to whom the property has fallen as a gain is bound to the order of the same city; he, although counted among strangers, nevertheless obtains, free from that function, what has been given: for since the condition of the person is not changed, it is not fitting that the status of the thing be changed either. <a year 442, on the 7th day before the Ides of March, at Constantinople, after the consulate of Dioscorus and Eudoxius, most distinguished men.>

CJ.10.36.1.3: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.36.1.3: Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

( 1) lucravitas vero res eas tantum volumus appellari atque praedictae descriptionis gravamen excipere, quae hereditatis legati fideicommissi iure mortis causa donatione vel cuiuslibet postremae voluntatis arbitrio ad quempiam delabuntur. <a 442 d.Vii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

( 1) indeed, we wish only those things to be called lucrative and to incur the burden of the aforesaid description, which devolve upon someone by the right of inheritance, legacy, fideicommissum, by a donation in contemplation of death, or by the decision of any last will whatsoever. <a 442 d.Vii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

CJ.10.36.1.4: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.36.1.4: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Inter vivos etiam donatio simplici liberalitate confecta lucrativae merebitur et nomen et sarcinam. si vero vel socer futurus filii nepotis vel pronepotis sponsae adfinitatis coeundae causa donaverit, vel parens etiam filiam neptem vel proneptem curiali seu extraneo nubentem dotaverit, licet casus eventu res eius cui data est vertatur ad lucrum, nec inter lucrativas numerabitur nec descriptionis oneri subiacebit. nec enim iuris optimi est matrimonium, cum tot tantisque suis difficultatibus opprimatur, adventiciis etiam cumulare ponderibus.

Even a donation inter vivos, effected by simple liberality, will merit both the name and the burden of a “lucrative” acquisition. But if a would‑be father‑in‑law has donated for the sake of contracting affinity to the fiancée of his son, grandson, or great‑grandson, or if a parent has even endowed with a dowry a daughter, granddaughter, or great‑granddaughter marrying a curial or an outsider, although by the event of chance the thing given is turned to the profit of the one to whom it was given, it will neither be counted among lucratives nor be subject to the burden of the description. For it is not the best rule of law that marriage, when it is oppressed by so many and so great difficulties of its own, should also be heaped up with adventitious weights.

CJ.10.36.1.5: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.36.1.5: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Res vero, quae memoratis causis lucrativae semel nomen exordiumque sortita est, licet ab eo qui susceperit ad alterum emptionis vel cuiuscumque contractus iure migraverit, cum praedicto descriptionis gravamine procul dubio transferetur, ut vel sciens sibi imputet, qui accepit oneratam, vel, si ignoraverit, quod interest consequatur: contraque si cuiuslibet contractus exordio lucrativae nomen evaserit, etsi postea lucri titulo in dominatum alicuius ceciderit, sarcinam memoratae descriptionis effugiet. <a 442 d.Vii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

Indeed, a thing which, for the causes already mentioned, has once obtained the name and beginning of “lucrative,” although it has migrated by the right of purchase or of whatever contract from the one who undertook it to another, will without doubt be transferred together with the aforesaid burden of the description, so that either, if knowing, he who received the burdened thing imputes it to himself, or, if he was unaware, he recovers what his interest requires; and, conversely, if at the outset of any contract it has turned out under the name “lucrative,” even if afterward under the title of “profit” it has fallen into someone’s ownership, it will escape the load of the aforementioned description. <a 442 on March 9 at Constantinople, after the consulate of Dioscorus and Eudoxius, most distinguished men.>

CJ.10.36.1.6: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.36.1.6: Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Nulla enim in huiuscemodi causis confusionis intercedit occasio, si ad primordium tituli posterior quoque formetur eventus, nisi forte res decurionis, quae ad eum cuiuslibet mercimonii iure pervenerit, ad alterum fuerit postrema eius voluntate vel ab intestato vel inter vivos donatione translata: tunc enim, quia semel in personam cecidit principalis, veterum titulorum nequaquam ratione perspecta condicionem et onus merebitur lucrativae. <a 442 d.Vii id.Mart.Constantinopoli post consulatum dioscuri et eudoxii vv.Cc.>

For in causes of this kind no occasion for confusion intervenes, if the subsequent event likewise is formed with reference to the beginning of the title—unless perhaps a decurion’s property, which has come to him by the right of some purchase, has been transferred to another by his last will, or intestate, or by an inter vivos donation: for then, because the principal [status] has once fallen upon the person, with no regard had to the rationale of the older titles, it will incur the condition and onus of a “lucrativa.” <a 442 on the seventh day before the Ides of March at Constantinople, after the consulship of Dioscorus and Eudoxius, most distinguished men.>

CJ.10.37.0. De praebendo salario.

CJ.10.37.0. On providing salary.

CJ.10.37.1: Imperator Constantius

CJ.10.37.1: The Emperor Constantius

Nulli salarium tribuatur ex viribus rei publicea nisi ei, qui iubentibus nobis specialiter fuerit consecutus. * constantius a. ad Marcellinum com. orientis.

Let salary be granted to no one from the resources of the republic except to him who has specifically obtained it by our orders. * constantius a. to Marcellinus, count of the East.

* <a 349 d. v non. oct. constantinopoli limenio et catullino conss.>

* <year 349, given on the fifth day before the Nones of October (October 3), at Constantinople, when Limenius and Catullinus were consuls.>

CJ.10.38.0. Si curialis relicta civitate rus habitare maluerit.

CJ.10.38.0. If a curial, having left the city, has preferred to dwell in the country.

CJ.10.38.1: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.38.1: The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius

Curiales omnes iubemus interminatione moneri, ne civitates fugiant aut deserant rus habitandi causa, fundum, quem civitati praetulerint, scientes fisco esse sociandum eoque rure esse carituros, cuius causa impios se patriam vitando demonstraverint. * arcad. et honor.

We command that all curials be warned by threat, lest they flee their cities or desert to the countryside for the purpose of dwelling, knowing that the estate which they have preferred to the city is to be associated with the Fisc, and that they will be deprived of that rural land, for the sake of which they have shown themselves impious by shunning their fatherland. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. eutychiano pp. * <a 396 d. xviii k. ian. constantinopoli arcadio iiii et honorio iii aa. conss.>

the emperors to eutychianus, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 396, on the 18th day before the kalends of january, at constantinople, arcadius 4 and honorius 3, augusti, consuls.>

CJ.10.39.0. De municipibus et originariis.

CJ.10.39.0. On municipal citizens and natives (originarii).

CJ.10.39.1: Imperator Antoninus

CJ.10.39.1: The Emperor Antoninus

Cum te byblium origine, incolam autem apud berytios esse proponis, merito apud utrasque civitates muneribus fungi compelleris. * ant. a. silvano.

Since you state that you are a Byblian by origin, but a resident among the Berytians, you are rightly compelled to discharge public burdens in both cities. * ant. aug. to silvanus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.39.2: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.39.2: Emperor Gordian

Si, ut proponis, ea, quae ex causa fideicommissi te manumisit, ab ea libertatem iustam fuerit consecuta, quae originem ex provincia aquitania ducebat, tu quoque eius condicionis eiusque civitatis ius obtines, unde quae te manumisit fuit. eorum enim condicionem sequi ex causa fideicommissi manumissos pridem placuit, qui libertatem praestiterunt, non qui rogaverunt. * gord.

If, as you propose, she who manumitted you on account of a fideicommissum had obtained just liberty from that woman who traced her origin from the province of Aquitania, you too obtain the same condition and the right of citizenship of the civitas from which she who manumitted you was. For it has long been approved that those manumitted by reason of a fideicommissum follow the condition of those who provided the liberty, not of those who requested it. * gord.

a. frontoni. * <a xxx >

to fronto. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.39.3: Imperator Philippus

CJ.10.39.3: Emperor Philip

Filios apud originem patris, non in materna civitate, etsi ibi nati sunt, si modo non domiciliis retineantur, ad honores seu munera posse compelli explorati iuris est. * philipp. a. patroclo.

It is established law that sons can be compelled to honors or public burdens at the father’s place of origin, not in the mother’s city, even if they were born there, provided only that they are not held by domiciles. * philip, augustus, to patroclus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.39.4: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.39.4: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Origine propria neminem posse voluntate sua eximi manifestum est. * diocl. et maxim.

It is manifest that no one can by his own volition be exempted from his own origin. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. secundo. * <a xxx >

in the second year. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.39.5: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.39.5: Emperor Constantine

Si quis vel ex maiore vel ex minore civitate originem ducit, si eandem evitare studens ad alienam se civitatem incolatus occasione contulerit et super hoc vel preces dare temptaverit vel qualibet fraude niti, ut originem propriae civitatis eludat, duarum civitatum decurionatus onera sustineat, in una voluntatis, in una originis gratia. * constant. a. ad maximum vic.

If anyone derives origin either from a major or from a minor city, if, striving to avoid the same, he has transferred himself to an alien city under the pretext of residence, and, over and above this, has either attempted to offer petitions or to rely on any fraud, so as to elude the origin of his own city, let him bear the burdens of the decurionate of two cities, in one by favor of choice, in one by reason of origin. * constantine the augustus to maximus, vicarius.

orientis. * <a 325 pp. viii k. ian. paulino et iuliano conss.>

of the East. * <a year 325 published on the 8th day before the Kalends of January, in the consulship of Paulinus and Julianus.>

CJ.10.40.0. De incolis et ubi quis domicilium habere videtur et de his qui studiorum causa in alia civitate degunt.

CJ.10.40.0. On inhabitants and where one is deemed to have a domicile, and on those who sojourn in another city for the sake of studies.

CJ.10.40.1: Imperator Antoninus

CJ.10.40.1: Emperor Antoninus

Non tibi obest, si, cum incola esses, aliquod munus suscepisti, modo si ante, quam ad alios honores vocareris, domicilium transtulisti. * ant. a. paulino.

It does not harm you if, when you were a resident, you undertook some munus, provided that before you were called to other honors you transferred your domicile. * Antoninus to Paulinus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.40.2pr.: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.40.2pr.: The Emperor Alexander Severus

Nec ipsi, qui studiorum causa aliquo loci morantur, domicilium ibi habere creduntur, nisi decem annis transactis eo loci sedes sibi constituerunt, secundum epistulam divi hadriani, nec pater, qui propter filium studentem frequentius ad eum commeat. * alex. a. crispo.

Nor are those themselves, who remain somewhere for the sake of studies, believed to have a domicile there, unless, after ten years have elapsed, they have established a seat for themselves in that place, according to the epistle of the deified Hadrian; nor is the father, who, on account of a son studying, goes to him more frequently. * Alexander Augustus to Crispus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.40.2.1: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.40.2.1: Emperor Alexander Severus

Sed si aliis rationibus domicilium in splendidissima civitate laodicenorum habere probatus fueris, mendacium, quo minus muneribus fungaris, non proderit. <a xxx >

But if by other grounds you are proven to have a domicile in the most splendid city of the Laodiceans, a lie, by which you would not discharge the public duties, will not avail. <a xxx >

CJ.10.40.3: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.40.3: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Est verum eos, qui in territorio alicuius civitatis commorantur, velut incolas ad subeunda munera vel capiendos honores non adstringi. * diocl. et maxim.

It is true that those who sojourn in the territory of some city are not bound, as though inhabitants, to undergo public burdens or to take up honors. * diocl. and maxim.

aa. alexandro. * <a xxx >

the emperors to Alexander. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.40.4: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.40.4: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Cum neque originales neque incolas vos esse memoratis, ob solam domus sive possessionis, licet ex substantia decurionis adquisita sit, causam publici iuris auctoritas muneribus subiugari vos non sinet. * diocl. et maxim.

Since you mention that you are neither original natives nor inhabitants, merely by reason of a house or a holding, even if it has been acquired from the estate of a decurion, the authority of public law will not allow you to be subjugated to civic burdens. * diocl. and maxim.

aa. alexandro. * <a xxx >

the emperors to Alexander. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.40.5: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.40.5: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Si in patria uxoris tuae vel in qualibet alia domicilium defixisti, incolatus iure ultro te eiusdem civitatis muneribus obligasti. * diocl. et maxim.

If in your wife's native country or in any other you have fixed a domicile, by the right of incolatus you have of your own accord bound yourself to the munera of that same city. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. maximo. * <a xxx >

the Augusti to Maximus. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.40.6: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.40.6: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Privilegio speciali civitatis non interveniente tantum originis ratione ac domicilii voluntate ad munera civilia quemque vocari certissimum est. * diocl. et maxim.

With no special privilege of the city intervening, it is most certain that each person is called to civil duties solely by reason of origin and by the choice of domicile. * diocl. et maxim.

aa. et cc. Marcello. * <a xxx >

the augusti and the caesars to Marcellus. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.40.7pr.: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.40.7pr.: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Cives quidem origo manumissio adlectio adoptio, incolas vero, sicut et divus hadrianus edicto suo manifestissime declaravit, domicilium facit. * diocl. et maxim.

Citizens, indeed, are made by origin, manumission, adlection, adoption; but inhabitants, as the deified Hadrian most manifestly declared by his own edict, are made by domicile. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. aurelio. * <a xxx >

the augusti and the caesares to Aurelius. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.40.7.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.40.7.1: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Et in eodem loco singulos habere domicilium non ambigitur, ubi quis larem rerumque ac fortunarum suarum summam constituit, unde rursus non sit discessurus, si nihil avocet, unde cum profectus est, peregrinari videtur, quo si rediit, peregrinari iam destitit. <a xxx >

And in that same place it is not doubted that each person has his domicile, where one has established his Lar and the sum of his affairs and fortunes; whence he would not depart again, if nothing calls him away; whence, when he has set out, he seems to be peregrinating, and to which, if he has returned, he has now ceased to peregrinate. <a xxx >

CJ.10.40.8: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.40.8: Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Senatores in sacratissima urbe domicilium dignitatis habere videntur. * valentin. theodos.

Senators seem to have the domicile of dignity in the most sacred city. * valentin. theodos.

et arcad. aaa. . . . praef.

and Arcadius, the Augusti, . . . the prefect.

augustali.* <a 390 d. k. mart. valentiniano a. et neoterio conss.>

to the augustalis.* <in the year 390, on the Kalends of March, with Valentinian Augustus and Neoterius as consuls.>

CJ.10.40.9pr.: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.40.9pr.: The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Mulieres honore maritorum erigimus et genere nobilitamus et forum ex eorum persona statuimus et domicilia mutamus. * valentin. theodos.

We raise up women by the honor of their husbands and ennoble them by rank, and we establish the forum from their person, and we change domiciles. * valentinian, theodosius.

et arcad. aaa. martiniano com.

and Arcadius, the three Augusti, to Martinianus the count.

orientis. * <a 392 d. iiii id. nov. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss.>

of the East. * <in the year 392, on November 10, at Constantinople, when Arcadius Augustus for the 2nd time and Rufinus were consuls>

CJ.10.40.9.1: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.40.9.1: The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Sin autem minoris ordinis virum postea sortitae fuerint, priore dignitate privatae posterioris mariti sequantur condicionem. <a 392 d. iiii id. nov. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss.>

But if afterward they have married a man of a lesser order, having been deprived of their former dignity, they shall follow the condition of the later husband. <a 392 on the 4th day before the Ides of November at Constantinople, with Arcadius Augustus for the 2nd time and Rufinus as consuls.>

CJ.10.41.0. De honoribus et muneribus non continuandis inter patrem et filium et de intervallis.

CJ.10.41.0. On honors and public burdens not to be continued between father and son, and on intervals.

CJ.10.41.1pr.: Imperatores Severus, Antoninus

CJ.10.41.1pr.: The Emperors Severus and Antoninus

Sicut honores et munera, cum pater et filius decuriones sunt, in eadem domo continuari non oportet, ita vacationum concessa tempora non aliis prodesse possunt, quam qui ad eosdem vel alios honores eademque vel alia munera denuo vocantur. * sev. et ant.

Just as honors and public burdens, when father and son are decurions, ought not to be continued within the same household, so the periods of exemption that have been granted cannot benefit anyone other than those who are again summoned to the same or other honors and the same or other public burdens. * Severus and Antoninus.

aa. septimio zenoni. * <a xxx >

the emperors to septimius zeno. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.41.1.1: Imperatores Severus, Antoninus

CJ.10.41.1.1: Emperors Severus and Antoninus

Pro infante vero filio, quem decurionem esse voluisti, quamquam fidem tuam in posterum adstrinxeris, tamen onera sustinere non cogeris, cum ad ea quae mandari possunt voluntatem dedisse videaris. <a xxx >

As to the infant son, whom you wished to be a decurion, although you have bound your faith for the future, nevertheless you are not compelled to sustain the burdens, since you appear to have given your will to those things which can be mandated. <a xxx >

CJ.10.41.2: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.41.2: Emperor Gordian

Ab honoribus ad eosdem honores quonquennii datur vacatio, triennii vero ad alios. legatione autem perfunctis biennii vacatio concessa est. * gord.

From honors to the same honors a five-year exemption is given, but a three-year one to other honors. moreover, to those who have discharged a legation, a two-year exemption has been granted. * Gordian.

a. cyrillo. * <a xxx >

to cyrillus. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.41.3pr.: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.41.3pr.: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Intervalla temporum, quae in unius persona locum habent, fratribus, licet communia possideant bona, minime prodesse frequenter constitutum est. * diocl. et maxim.

Intervals of time which have effect in the person of a single individual have very often been established not to profit brothers, although they possess goods in common. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. niciae. * <a xxx >

the augusti and the caesars, at nicaea. * <a 30 >

CJ.10.41.3.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.41.3.1: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Sane his missis, qui necdum functi muneribus ad haec idonei constituti vocari debent, vos, si ad obsequium civilium munerum reppererit paruisse, ne iterum interpellemini, praeses provinciae providebit. <a xxx >

Indeed, with these dismissed—those who, not yet having discharged their duties, ought to be summoned as appointed fit for these matters—the governor of the province will see to it that you are not again interfered with, if he finds that you have complied with the obedience owed to civil duties. <a xxx >

CJ.10.42.0. De muneribus patrimoniorum.

CJ.10.42.0. On the public duties of patrimonies.

CJ.10.42.1: Imperator Antoninus

CJ.10.42.1: Emperor Antoninus

Civilia munera per ordinem pro modo fortunarum sustinenda sunt. * ant. a. philogyrio.

Civil duties must be borne according to rank and in proportion to the measure of fortunes. * antoninus augustus to philogyrio.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.42.2: Imperator Antoninus

CJ.10.42.2: Emperor Antoninus

Munera, quae patrimoniis publicae utilitatis gratia indicuntur, ab omnibus subeunda sunt. * ant. a. materno.

The munera, which are assessed upon patrimonies for the sake of public utility, are to be borne by all. * Antoninus Augustus to Maternus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.42.3: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.42.3: Emperor Alexander Severus

Qui immunitatem munerum publicorum consecuti sunt, onera patrimoniorum sustinere debent. in quibus causis et hospites recipiendi sunt. * alex.

Those who have obtained immunity from public munera must bear the burdens of the patrimonies. in which cases guests too are to be received. * alex.

a. atilio. * <a xxx >

to Aulus Atilius. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.42.4: Imperatores valer., gallien.

CJ.10.42.4: The Emperors Valer., Gallien.

Non videtur abhorrere ratione sententia, qua praeses provinciae equos curules alere non personarum, sed patrimonii esse decrevit. et tamen si iniqua esset, omisso a te appellationis auxilio necessario permanet. * valer.

It does not seem to deviate from reason, the opinion by which the provincial governor decreed that curule horses are to be kept as belonging not to persons but to the patrimony. And yet, even if it were inequitable, with the aid of appeal omitted by you, it necessarily remains in force. * Valerian.

et gallien. aa. neroni. * <a xxx >

and Valerian and Gallienus, the Augusti, to Neron. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.42.5: Imperatores carus, carinus, numer.

CJ.10.42.5: The Emperors Carus, Carinus, and Numerian.

Neque tempore aetatis neque numero liberorum a muneribus quae patrimoniorum sunt excusationem quis habere potest. * carus carinus et numer. aaa.

Neither by reason of age nor by the number of children can anyone have an exemption from the munera which are of patrimonies. * Carus, Carinus, and Numerian, Augusti.

antepisto. * <a xxx >

to Antepistus. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.42.6: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.42.6: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Professio et desiderium tuum inter se discrepant. nam cum philosophum te esse proponas, vinceris avaritiae caecitate et onera quae patrimonio tuo iniunguntur solus recusare conaris. quod frustra te facere ceterorum exemplo poteris edoceri.

Your profession and your desire are at variance with one another. For, though you profess yourself to be a philosopher, you are overcome by the blindness of avarice and try, you alone, to refuse the burdens that are imposed upon your patrimony. That you do this in vain you can be taught by the example of the rest.

* diocl. et maxim. aa. polymnestro.

* Diocletian and Maximian, the Augusti, to Polymnestus.

* <>

CJ.10.42.7: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.42.7: Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Etiam minores aetate patrimoniorum muneribus subiugari solent. unde intellegis te frustra plenam immunitatem desiderare, cum munera quae impensas exigunt subire te necesse sit. * diocl.

Even minors in age are accustomed to be subjugated by the patrimonial munera. Whence you understand that you desire full immunity in vain, since it is necessary for you to undergo munera which demand expenses. * diocl.

et maxim. aa. alexandro. * <>

and Maximian, the Augusti, to Alexander. * <>

CJ.10.42.8: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.42.8: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Nec protostasiae vel sacerdotii vel decaprotiae munera corporalia sunt, sed tantum patrimonii esse non ambigitur. * diocl. et maxim.

Nor are the duties of protostasia or of priesthood or of decaproteia personal services, but it is not doubted that they are only of the patrimony. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. longino. * <a xxx >

the augusti and the caesars to longinus. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.42.9: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.42.9: Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Patrimoniorum munera mulieres etiam sustinere debent. * diocl. et maxim.

Women also ought to bear the patrimonial burdens (munera). * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc.Marciae. * <>

The Augusti and the Caesars to Marcia. * <>

CJ.10.42.10: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.42.10: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Quantum ad extraordinarias indictiones pertinet, praesidibus significamus, ut omnes possessores ceterosque sciant conveniri debere, quandoquidem ea patrimonii munera esse constet meritoque ab omnibus agnosci debeant, quo facilius obsequiis publicis pareatur. * diocl. et maxim.

As far as extraordinary assessments are concerned, we signify to the governors that all possessors and the others should know that they ought to be convened, since it is established that these are duties of the patrimony and ought deservedly to be acknowledged by all, so that public services may the more easily be complied with. * diocletian and maximian.

aa. et cc. exempl. sacr. litt.

a copy of the sacred letters of the augusti and the caesars.

ad praefectos.* <x>

to the prefects.* <x>

CJ.10.43.0. Quemadmodum civilia munera indicuntur.

CJ.10.43.0. How civil duties are imposed.

CJ.10.43.1: Imperatores carus, carinus, numer.

CJ.10.43.1: The emperors carus, carinus, numerian.

Cum te curatorem ad cogendas angarias creatum appellationem interposuisse proponas, praeses provinciae, si alterius curiae te esse animadverterit, ad alieni corporis munera vocari non sinet, quia eius partis oneribus respondere debes, cui te attributum esse commemoras. * carus carinus et numer. aaa.

Since you allege that, having been appointed curator for compelling angariae, you have interposed an appeal, the provincial governor, if he observes you to belong to another curia, will not allow you to be summoned to the duties of a foreign body, because you ought to answer to the burdens of that part to which you recall yourself to have been assigned. * Carus, Carinus, and Numerian, Augusti.

feliciano. * <a xxx >

to Felicianus. *

CJ.10.43.2: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.43.2: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Maioribus honoribus functos ad minores devocari non oportere rationis est. * diocl. et maxim.

That those who have held greater honors ought not to be called down to lesser is a matter of reason. * diocl. and maxim.

aa. dionysio. * <>

the emperors to dionysius. * <>

CJ.10.43.3: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.43.3: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Cum te omnibus muneribus functum esse adseveras, ad eadem munera, si aliorum civium copia est, qui obsequiis civilibus fungi possunt, praeses provinciae devocari te non permittet. * diocl. et maxim.

When you assert that you have discharged all the munera, if there is a supply of other citizens who can perform civil services, the governor of the province will not permit you to be called back to the same munera. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. eutychiano. * <>

the augusti to eutychianus. * <>

CJ.10.43.4: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.43.4: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Ultra modum sumptuum te muneribus civilibus gravari levatis aliis praeses provinciae non patietur, sed aequalitatem tam iuris quam censurae memor circa ordinem custodiet. * diocl. et maxim.

Beyond the measure of expenditures, the governor of the province will not permit you to be burdened with civic munera while others are relieved, but, mindful of equality both of law and of censorial oversight, he will maintain it with respect to the order. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc.Regino. * <>

the augusti and the caesars.at regium. * <>

CJ.10.44.0. De his qui sponte munera susceperunt.

CJ.10.44.0. On those who have voluntarily undertaken public burdens.

CJ.10.44.1: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.44.1: Emperor Alexander Severus

Veterani, qui, cum possent se tueri immunitate his concessa, decuriones se fieri in patria sua maluerunt, redire ad excusationem quam reliquerunt non possunt, nisi certa lege et pacto servandae immunitatis vel partem eius oneris agnoverunt. * alex. a. feliciano.

Veterans who, although they could defend themselves by the immunity granted to them, preferred to be made decurions in their own fatherland, cannot return to the excusation which they left, unless by a definite law and pact for preserving the immunity they have acknowledged part of its burden. * alexander augustus to felicianus.

* <>

CJ.10.44.2: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.44.2: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Qui publici muneris vacationem habet, si aliquem honorem excepto decurionatu sponte susceperit, ob id, quod patriae suae utilitatibus cesserit vel gloriae cupiditate paulisper ius publicum relaxaverit, competens privilegium non amittit. * diocl. et maxim.

Who has an exemption from a public duty, if he has of his own accord undertaken some honor, the decurionate excepted, does not, on that account, because he has yielded to the interests of his fatherland or from a desire of glory has for a little while relaxed public law, lose the appropriate privilege. * diocl. and maxim.

aa. valerio. * <>

The Emperors to Valerius. * <>

CJ.10.44.3pr.: Imperator Leo

CJ.10.44.3pr.: Emperor Leo

Qui condicioni non obnoxius curiali quemlibet honorem vel munus voluntate propria in quacumque gesserit civitate, nullum praeiudicium circa fortunam suam statumque sustineat: sed tam ipse quam liberi eius et qui ex his in posterum procreandi sunt ab omni huiusmodi nexu cum suis facultatibus liberi alienique permaneant, ita tamen ut, si aliqua functio volentibus eis fuerit iniuncta, ex qua necesse sit aliquid eos accipere, quod ex data sibi pecunia in reliquis apud eos mansisse constiterit, solventes sine ulla molestia vel condicionis suae formidine discedant. * leo a. pusaeo pp. * <a 465 d.V id.Nov.Constantinopoli basilisco et herminerico conss.>

He who is not subject to the curial condition, if of his own will he has carried out any honor or munus in whatever city, shall sustain no prejudice concerning his fortune and status; but both he himself and his children, and those who in future are to be procreated from them, together with their resources, shall remain free and alien from every bond of this kind; provided, however, that, if some function (office) has been enjoined upon them with their consent, from which it is necessary that they receive something, paying what shall be established to have remained with them out of the money given to them in the remainder, let them depart without any annoyance or fear for their condition. * leo the augustus to pusaeus, praetorian prefect. * <year 465, on the 9 day before the Ides of November, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Basiliscus and Hermenericus.>

CJ.10.44.3.1: Imperator Leo

CJ.10.44.3.1: Emperor Leo

Si quis vero ex his omnia decurionum munera vel functiones vel honores nulla imminente necessitate, sed sua sponte peregerit, eum pro sua liberalitate patrem civitatis, in qua voluntarius municeps apparebit, si hoc ei libuerit, fieri constituique hac lege decernimus. <a 465 d.V id.Nov.Constantinopoli basilisco et herminerico conss.>

If, however, any of these, with no necessity impending but of his own accord, shall have performed all the decurions’ duties or functions or honors, we decree by this law that, in return for his liberality, he be made and constituted father of the city in which he will appear as a voluntary municipal citizen, if this should please him. <a 465 d.V id.Nov.Constantinopoli basilisco et herminerico conss.>

CJ.10.44.4pr.: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.44.4pr.: Emperor Justinian

Eos, qui liberi fortuna curiali constituti postea se curiae cuiuscumque civitatis obtulerunt, confidere volumus, quod posteritas eorum non solum iam procreata, sed etiam post talem deditionem procreanda huiusmodi fortuna libera manebit, sive specialiter sub hac lege curiae se obtulerint, ut ab his descendentes tali fortuna liberi maneant, sive nullam huiusmodi fecerint mentionem, nullo audente dicere, quod nati vel concepti post talem deditionem sequi paternam condicionem debeant: hoc enim speciali beneficio alacriores omnes ad conferendam civitatibus huiusmodi opitulationem constituere properavimus: ita tamen, ut nec occasione quartae portionis bonorum huiusmodi decurionis quicumque successores eius aliquam inquietudinem patiantur, utpote libera eius substantia omni curiali gravamine conservanda. * iust. a. menae pp. * <>

We wish those who, freeborn, having been established in the curial estate, afterwards offered themselves to the curia of whatever city, to be confident that their posterity—not only already begotten, but also to be begotten after such a surrender—will remain free from a fortune of this kind; whether they have in particular offered themselves to the curia under this law, to the effect that their descendants remain free from such a fortune, or have made no mention of this kind, with no one daring to say that those born or conceived after such a surrender ought to follow the paternal condition: for by this special benefice we have hastened to set all more eagerly to confer such assistance upon the cities. Nevertheless, in such a way that not even on the occasion of the fourth portion of the goods of such a decurion should any of his successors suffer any disturbance, since his free substance is to be preserved from every curial burden. * Justinian Augustus to Mena, Praetorian Prefect. * <>

CJ.10.44.4.1: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.44.4.1: Emperor Justinian

Et si quid defunctus vel ex administratione curialium munerum vel ex quarta portione ad eandem curiam semel vel saepius devoluta vel ex alia quacumque causa eidem curiae debuisse probetur, hoc idem successores curialibus reddere minime dubitent. <>

And if anything is proved that the deceased owed either from the administration of curial duties or from the fourth portion that has once or repeatedly devolved to the same curia, or from any other cause whatsoever, let his successors by no means hesitate to render this same to the curials. <>

CJ.10.44.4.2: Imperator Justinianus

CJ.10.44.4.2: Emperor Justinian

Illis scilicet, quae super naturalibus filiis, quos naturalis pater sub hac lege curiae dedit vel postea dederit, ut legitimos tam ex testamento quam ab intestato successores habeat, non solum veteribus legibus, sed etiam nostris sanctionibus disposita sunt, praesenti lege excipiendis, ut non ipsi tantum filii naturales, sed etiam ex his procreandi mares paternam sequantur fortunam, vel maribus liberis minime subsistentibus pars quarta substantiae mortui curiae deputetur. <>

Those provisions, namely, which concern natural sons—whom a natural father has given, or shall hereafter give, to the curia under this law, in order that he may have them as legitimate successors both by testament and ab intestato—having been set forth not only by the ancient laws but also by our sanctions, are to be excepted by the present law, to the effect that not only the natural sons themselves, but also the males to be procreated from them, shall follow the paternal fortune; or, if no male children at all subsist, a fourth part of the substance of the deceased shall be assigned to the curia. <>

CJ.10.45.0. De his qui a principe vacationem acceperunt.

CJ.10.45.0. On those who have received exemption from the emperor.

CJ.10.45.1: Imperatores Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.45.1: Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

Nullus vacationem temporariam curialis accipiat, nisi id forte veris ac probatis causis adnotatio nostra concesserit. * theodos. arcad.

Let no curial accept a temporary exemption, unless perhaps our annotation has granted it for true and proven causes. * theodosius, arcadius.

et honor. aaa. rufino pp. * <a 393 d.Prid.Non.Iun.Constantinopoli theodosio a.Iii et abundantio conss.>

and Honorius, most august, to Rufinus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 393 on the day before the Nones of June, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Theodosius, Augustus, for the 3rd time, and Abundantius, consuls.>

CJ.10.46.0. De vacatione muneris.

CJ.10.46.0. On exemption from public duty.

CJ.10.46.1: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.46.1: Emperor Gordian

Muneris publici vacationem ea continere, quae lege, non senatus consulto, non constitutionibus principum iniunguntur, merito responsum est. ad quam formam iuris pertinens si coeperis ad munera extraordinaria a magistratibus devocari, appellatione interposita poteris apud praesidem iuris rationibus protegi. * gord.

It has been rightly answered that the exemption from public duty comprises those things which are imposed by law, not by senatorial decree, not by the constitutions of the princes. And, pertaining to this form of law, if you begin to be summoned by magistrates to extraordinary munera, with an appeal interposed you can be protected before the governor by the reasons of law. * gord.

a. ianuario. * <a xxx >

in January. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.47.0. De decretis decurionum super immunitate quibusdam concedenda.

CJ.10.47.0. On the decrees of the decurions concerning immunity to be granted to certain persons.

CJ.10.47.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.47.1: Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Exceptis qui liberalium studiorum antistites sunt et qui medendi cura funguntur, decreto decurionum immunitas nemini tribui potest. * diocl. et maxim.

Except for those who are professors of the liberal arts and those who discharge the care of healing, by decree of the decurions immunity can be granted to no one. * diocletian and maximian.

aa. ursino. * <a xxx >

the Augusti to Ursinus. *

CJ.10.47.2: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.47.2: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Ordinis ambitiosa decreta sacris constitutionibus reprobantur. * diocl. et maxim.

The ambitious decrees of an order are disapproved by the sacred constitutions. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. cassio. * <a xxx >

the Augusti and the Caesars to Cassius. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.48.0. De excusationibus munerum.

CJ.10.48.0. On excusations from public burdens.

CJ.10.48.1: Imperatores carus, carinus, numer.

CJ.10.48.1: The Emperors Carus, Carinus, Numerian.

Etiam ii, qui nostra procurasse monstrantur, muneribus civilibus quae dignitati eorum congruunt fungi debent. * carus carinus et numer. aaa.

Even those who are shown to have administered our affairs as procurators ought to discharge the civil duties that are congruent with their dignity. * Carus, Carinus, and Numerian, the Augusti.

demetrio. * <a xxx >

to Demetrius. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.48.2: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.48.2: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Certis dignitatibus data a nobis indulgentia est munerum civilium et personalium , id est his, qui aut ex protectoribus sunt aut ex praepositis. ii ergo ad munera personalia aut civilia non vocabuntur. * diocl.

An indulgence from the civil and personal munera has been given by us to certain dignities, that is, to those who are either from the protectores or from the praepositi. Therefore those persons will not be called to personal or civil munera. * diocl.

et maxim. aa. pars id. febr.. ind. firmino et apollinario et cet.

and maximian, the augusti. the day before the ides of february.. in the indiction, in the consulship of firminus and apollinarius, and so forth.

principal. antiochensium adstantibus sabinus dixit:... diocl.:* <a xxx >

principal. with the antiochenes standing by, sabinus said:... diocletian:* <a xxx >

CJ.10.48.3: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.48.3: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Tutelae sollicitudo a muneribus civilibus non excusat, utpote nec tres simul iniunctae diversarum domuum eiusmodi beneficium praestent. * diocl. et maxim.

The solicitude of guardianship does not excuse from civil duties, since not even three guardianships imposed at the same time for different households afford such a benefit. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. marino. * <a xxx >

the emperors to Marinus. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.48.4: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.48.4: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Hydraulae munerum civilium immunitatem sibi iure concessam probare minime possunt. * diocl. et maxim.

Players of the hydraulis are by no means able to prove that an immunity from civil munera has been granted to them by law. * diocl. and maxim.

aa. attalo. * <a xxx >

the augusti to attalus. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.48.5: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.48.5: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Procuratores absentium rei publicae causa munerum civilium vacationem non habent. * diocl. et maxim.

Procurators of absentees on account of the commonwealth do not have exemption from civil munera. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. Marcellino. * <a xxx >

The Augusti and the Caesars to Marcellinus. * <a 30 >

CJ.10.48.6: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.48.6: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Veneratoribus immunitas ab hanc professionem solam nullo iure concessa probari potest. * diocl. et maxim.

To the venerators, immunity from this single profession can be proved to have been granted by no law. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. gaio. * <a xxx >

the augusti and the caesars to gaius. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.48.7: Imperator Constantius

CJ.10.48.7: Emperor Constantius

Negotiantes vestiarios linteones purpurarios et parthicarios, qui devotioni nostrae deserviunt, visum est secundum veterem consuetudinem ab omni munere immunes esse. * constantius a. ad catulinum vic. * <a xxx >

The merchants—vestiarii (clothiers), linteones (linen-dealers), purpurarii (purple-dealers), and parthicarii (Parthian-cloth dealers)—who serve our devotion, are deemed, according to ancient custom, to be immune from every public munus. * constantius augustus to catulinus, vicar. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.48.8pr.: Imperator Constantius

CJ.10.48.8pr.: Emperor Constantius

Placet nullum omnino iudicem de cetero provincialibus inferendum aliquid indicere, ut ea tantum sedulo cunctorum studio pensitentur, quae canonis instituti forma complectitur vel nostra clementia decernit inferenda vel delegatione sollemniter sanciente vel epistulis praecedentibus. * constantius a. ad taurum pp. * <a 357 d. k. april. mediolani constantio a. viiii et iuliano c. ii conss.>

It is our pleasure that no judge whatsoever shall henceforth decree any exaction to be imposed upon provincials, so that only those things be carefully paid, with the diligence of all, which the form of the established canon comprises, or which our clemency decrees to be levied, or which a delegation solemnly enacts, or preceding letters prescribe. * constantius aug. to taurus, praetorian prefect. * <a 357, on the Kalends of April, at Milan, under Constantius aug. 9 and Julian caes. 2, consuls.>

CJ.10.48.8.1: Imperator Constantius

CJ.10.48.8.1: Emperor Constantius

Sed si quid urguere forsitan coeperit, referri ad celsitudinem tuam statuimus et auctore te fieri et eo persoluto referri ad scientiam nostram, ut nobis iubentibus roboretur. <a 357 d. k. april. mediolani constantio a. viiii et iuliano c. ii conss.>

But if perhaps anything should begin to press, we have determined that it be referred to your Highness, and that it be effected with you as author; and, when that has been discharged, that it be referred to our knowledge, so that, by our ordering, it may be strengthened. <a 357 on the Kalends of April, at Milan, constantius a. 9 and julian c. 2, consuls.>

CJ.10.48.8.2: Imperator Constantius

CJ.10.48.8.2: Emperor Constantius

Si quis autem usurpatoria temeritate amplius aliquid fuerit conatus exigere, obnoxius quadrupli repetitione teneatur. <a 357 d. k. april. mediolani constantio a. viiii et iuliano c. ii conss.>

But if anyone, with usurpatory temerity, shall have attempted to exact anything further, let him be held liable to fourfold repayment. <a 357 on the Kalends of April, at Milan, when Constantius was Augustus for the 9th time and Julian Caesar for the 2nd, consuls.>

CJ.10.48.8.3: Imperator Constantius

CJ.10.48.8.3: Emperor Constantius

Quae severitas iussionis ad ordinariorum iudicum officiorumque terrorem debebit excurrere, ut, si eorum vel gratiosa coniventia vel ignobili dissimulatione temeritas admiserit curialis, eos quoque damni simplicis poena castiget. <a 357 d. k. april. mediolani constantio a. viiii et iuliano c. ii conss.>

What severity of the order ought to extend to the terror of the ordinary judges and of the officials, so that, if by their gracious connivance or ignoble dissimulation a curial’s temerity has been permitted, the penalty of single damages may chastise them as well. <at Milan, on the Kalends of April, in the year 357, Constantius, Augustus 9, and Julian, Caesar 2, consuls.>

CJ.10.48.9: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

CJ.10.48.9: The Emperors Valentinian, Valens, Gratian

Illud convenit praecaveri, ne quis hanc, quae personalis est functio, pretio putet esse taxandam. * valentin. valens et grat.

It is agreed to be guarded against, lest anyone think that this function, which is personal, ought to be assessed by a price. * valentin. valens and grat.

aaa. ad claudium procons. africae = * <a 368 vel 370 d. k. dec.

aaa. to Claudius, proconsul of Africa = * <a 368 or 370, on the Kalends of December.

triveris valentiniano et valente aa. conss.>

at Trier, in the consulship of Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti>

CJ.10.48.10: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.48.10: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Privatae rei nostrae privilegiis permanentibus nihil extra ordinem praedia iure perpetuo consignata sustineant, neque adiectis saepius ac praeter primum delegationis canonem postulatis adficiantur impendiis, quandoquidem neque aurario canoni sub privilegiis aestimato aliquid ex ea iubentibus nobis praebitionum diversitate decutitur, et pari cum ceteris aestimari sorte non convenit, quos praeter annonarias functiones aestimata perpetuo pensitationum praerogativa nexuerint. * grat. valentin.

With the privileges of our private estate (res privata) remaining in force, let the estates consigned by perpetual right sustain nothing extraordinary, nor be afflicted with expenses from demands added repeatedly and beyond the first canon of delegation; since neither is anything deducted from the treasury canon, when appraised under privileges, by reason of the diversity of provisions that we order, and it is not fitting that it be assessed on an equal footing with the others, whom, besides the annona functions, the assessments have bound with a perpetual prerogative of payments. * Gratian, Valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. ad hypatium pp. * <a 382 pp. karthagine id. april.

and Theodosius, the Augusti, to Hypatius, Praetorian Prefect. * in the year 382, at Carthage, on the Ides of April.

post consulatum syagrii et eucherii.>

after the consulship of syagrius and eucherius.>

CJ.10.48.11pr.: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.48.11pr.: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Eos, qui cum honore comitum nomine magistrorum memoriae praefuerint vel epistulis vel libellis, item eos, qui ibidem peragendis signandisque responsis nostrae mansuetudini obsecundant, omnium civilium munerum fieri iubemus exsortes. * grat. et valentin.

We order that those who have presided, with the honor of counts, under the title of masters of the memoria or of letters or of petitions, and likewise those who in the same place assist our Clemency in executing and signing replies, be made exempt from all civil munera (public duties). * Gratian and Valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. ad syagrium pp. * <a 382 lecta iii k. sept.

and theodosius, the augusti, to syagrius, praetorian prefect. * <a 382 read on the 3rd day before the kalends of september.

capuae antonio et syagrio conss.>

at capua, in the consulship of antonius and syagrius.>

CJ.10.48.11.1: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.48.11.1: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Igitur qui ex eo gradu palatio nostro abscesserint, adesse sibi competentia privilegia glorientur: qui vero superioribus dignitatibus creverint, nihilo minus huius loci privilegia praesto sibi fuisse laetentur. <a 382 lecta iii k. sept. capuae antonio et syagrio conss.>

Therefore, let those who have departed from that grade in our palace glory that the fitting privileges are present to them; but those who have grown into higher dignities, let them no less rejoice that the privileges of this place have been at hand for them. <a in the year 382 read on the 3 Kalends of September at Capua, in the consulship of Antonius and Syagrius.>

CJ.10.48.12pr.: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.48.12pr.: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Maximarum culmina dignitatum, consistoriani quoque comites, notarii etiam nostri et cubicularii omnes atque ex cubiculariis ab omnibus sordidis muneribus vindicentur. * grat. valentin.

Let those at the summits of the greatest dignities—likewise the consistorial counts, our notaries too, and all the chamberlains, and those from among the chamberlains—be vindicated from all sordid duties. * grat. valentin.

et theodos. aaa. ad hypatium pp. * <a 382 d. v id. dec.

and theodosius, the augusti, to hypatius, praetorian prefect. * <a 382 on the 5th day before the ides of december.

antonio et syagrio conss.>

in the consulship of Antonius and Syagrius.>

CJ.10.48.12.1: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.48.12.1: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Ceteros autem, palatina vel militari intra palatium praerogativa munitos ita demum privilegium simile contineat, si prioribus statutis se ad eiusmodi exceptionem docuerint pertinere, ut non singulis indulta personis, sed in commune dignitati vel corpori huiusmodi beneficia doceantur fuisse concessa: circa rhetores atque grammaticos eruditionis utriusque vetusto more durante. <a 382 d. v id. dec. antonio et syagrio conss.>

Moreover, as to the others who are fortified by a palatine or military prerogative within the palace, let a similar privilege include them only if they shall have shown by prior statutes that they pertain to an exception of this sort, namely that the benefits are shown to have been granted not to individual persons but in common to the dignity or body; with respect to rhetors and grammarians of both eruditions, the ancient custom continuing. <a 382 on the 5th day before the Ides of December, under the consulship of Antonius and Syagrius.>

CJ.10.48.12.2: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.48.12.2: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Sordidorum vero munerum talis exceptio sit, ut patrimoniis dignitatum superius digestarum nec conficiendi pollinis cura mandetur aut panis excoctio aut obsequium pistrini, nec paraveredorum huiusmodi viris aut parangariarum praebitio mandetur, exceptis his, quibus ex more raeticus limes includitur, vel expeditionis illyricae pro necessitate vel tempore utilitas adiuvatur. <a 382 d. v id. dec. antonio et syagrio conss.>

But concerning sordid duties, let there be such an exception, that upon the patrimonies of the dignities set forth above, neither the care of preparing flour be enjoined, nor the baking of bread, nor attendance upon a bakery; nor let the provision of post-horses or of transport-requisitions be imposed upon men of this kind, except for those whom by custom the Raetian frontier includes, or where the utility of the Illyrian expedition is aided by necessity or by the exigency of the time. <a 382 d. v id. dec. antonio et syagrio conss.>

CJ.10.48.12.3: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.48.12.3: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Operarum atque artificum diversorum, excoquendae etiam calcis obsequia nulla de talibus adiumenta poscantur: materiam lignorum atque tabulata exceptorum virorum patrimonia non praebeant: carbonis quoque nisi eum, quem moneta sollemniter vel fabricatio secundum veterem morem poscit armorum, ab huiusmodi viris praebitio desistat: publicis vel sacris aedibus construendis atque reparandis, capituli atque temonis necessitas nulla mandetur: legatis atque adlectis sumptus possessio huiusmodi privilegiis munita non conferat. <a 382 d. v id. dec. antonio et syagrio conss.>

Let no aids be demanded from such men for laborers and various craftsmen, and even for the services of burning lime: let the patrimonies of the excepted men not furnish timber material nor planking: and as to charcoal also, except for that which the mint solemnly or the manufacture of arms according to ancient custom requires, let the furnishing by men of this kind cease: for constructing and repairing public or sacred buildings, let no necessity of capitation and of the wagon‑pole service be mandated: let a holding equipped with privileges of this sort not contribute expenses for legates and adlected men. <a 382 d. v id. dec. antonio et syagrio conss.>

CJ.10.48.12.4: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.48.12.4: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Hoc tamen his patrimoniis prosit, quae dignitatem proprio videntur nomine possidere. <a 382 d. v id. dec. antonio et syagrio conss.>

Let this, nevertheless, benefit those patrimonies which seem to possess dignity by their own proper name. <a 382, December 9, under the consulship of Antonius and Syagrius.>

CJ.10.48.12.5: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.48.12.5: Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Etiam eos, qui simili honore functi sunt, generali praerogativa a praebitione sordidorum munerum vindicamus. <a 382 d. v id. dec. antonio et syagrio conss.>

We likewise, by a general prerogative, free those who have performed a similar honor from the provision of sordid duties. <a 382 d. v id. dec. antonio et syagrio conss.>

CJ.10.48.13: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.48.13: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Sordidorum munerum excusatio delata personis ad heredem successoremve transire non potest. neque enim potest esse perpetuum, quod non rebus, sed personis contemplatione dignitatis atque militiae indulsisse nos constat. * grat.

The exemption from sordid (menial) duties, when conferred upon persons, cannot pass to the heir or successor. For it cannot be perpetual, since it is evident that we have granted it not to things but to persons, in consideration of dignity and military service. * grat.

valentin. et theodos. aaa.

valentinian and theodosius, the augusti.

et arcad. a. ad neoterium pp.* <a 385 d. xviii k. mai. mediolani arcadio a. et bautone conss.>

and Arcadius Augustus to Neoterius, praetorian prefect.* <in the year 385, on the 18th day before the Kalends of May, at Milan, in the consulship of Arcadius Augustus and Bauto.>

CJ.10.48.14: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.48.14: The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Eam legem, quam de extraordinariis sordidisque muneribus expressis vocabulis functionum et insignibus dignitatum sine ulla ambage praescripsimus, ita circa eos , in quos nostra munera redundarunt, servandam esse praecipimus, ut isdem beneficiis non quamdiu militaverint, sed quamdiu vixerint perfruantur. * valentin. theodos.

That law, which we have prescribed concerning extraordinary and sordid munera, with the terms of the functions and the insignia of dignities explicitly expressed, without any circumlocution, we order to be observed thus with respect to those , upon whom our gifts have redounded, that they enjoy the same benefits not for as long as they have served, but for as long as they live. * valentin. theodos.

et arcad. aaa. tatiano pp. * <a 391 d. xi k. april.

and Arcadius, Augusti. to Tatianus, Praetorian Prefect. * in the year 391, given on the 11 Kalends of April.

mediolani tatiano et symmacho conss.>

at milan, in the consulship of tatianus and symmachus.>

CJ.10.48.15pr.: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.48.15pr.: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Evidenter atque absolute iubemus, ne fundi ad patrimonium nostrum pertinentes, seu conductionis titulo seu perpetuo iure teneantur, aliquid praeter ordinem superindicti vel pretii petiti nomine vel de sordidis quibuscumque muneribus agnoscant. nam hoc et a divis principibus impetratum est et a nostra serenitate reparatum. * arcad.

Clearly and absolutely we order that estates pertaining to our patrimony, whether they are held under the title of lease or by perpetual right, shall not acknowledge anything beyond the order of the superindiction, whether under the name of a demanded price or of any sordid services whatsoever. For this was both obtained from the deified princes and renewed by our Serenity. * Arcadius.

et honor. aa. ad messianum com. rer.

and Honorius, the Augusti, to Messianus, Count of the Private Property.

privat. * <a 395 d. xvii k. iul. mediolani olybrio et probino conss.>

private. * <in the year 395 on the 17th day before the Kalends of July, at Milan, when Olybrius and Probinus were consuls.>

CJ.10.48.15.1: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.48.15.1: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Quisquis igitur iudicum contra fecerit, quinque pondo auri de facultatibus, alia de officiis suis, totidem et de facultatibus, alia de officiis suis, totidem et de curialibus, qui exsequi male iussa festinant, noverit eruenda. <a 395 d. xvii k. iul. mediolani olybrio et probino conss.>

Whoever therefore among the judges shall have acted contrary, let him know that five pounds of gold are to be extracted from his means, the same amount also from his office, and just as much from the curials who hasten to execute ill-ordered commands. <a 395 on the 17th day before the Kalends of July, at milan, olybrius and probinus, consuls.>

CJ.10.48.16: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.48.16: The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius

Ab illustribus personis sordida munera et extraordinariae necessitatis damna removemus. * arcad. et honor.

We remove from illustrious persons the sordid duties and the damages of extraordinary necessity. * arcad. and honor.

aa. et theodos. a. melitio pp. * <a 412 d. xv k. mart. ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa. conss.>

the augusti and theodosius, augustus, to melitius, praetorian prefect. * <a 412, given on the 15th day before the kalends of march, at ravenna, when honorius for the 9th time and theodosius for the 5th, augusti, were consuls.>

CJ.10.49.0. De quibus muneribus vel praestationibus nemini liceat se excusare.

CJ.10.49.0. Concerning the munera or praestations from which no one is allowed to excuse himself.

CJ.10.49.1pr.: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.49.1pr.: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Comparationi transvectionique specierum universi sine ullo privilegio coartentur ad necessitates illyricianas: nam in his dumtaxat titulis nullum sub quodam cessare privilegii velamento censemus. * honor. et theodos.

Let all be constrained, without any privilege, to the Illyrian necessities for the procuration and transportation of supplies in kind: for in these titles only we judge that no privilege is to lie idle under any veil. * Honorius and Theodosius.

aa. herculio pp. * <a 408 d. iii id. april. constantinopoli basso et philippo conss.>

the august emperors to herculio, praetorian prefect. * <given in 408, on the 3rd day before the Ides of April, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Bassus and Philip.>

CJ.10.49.1.1: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.49.1.1: Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Sed sub hac condicione, cum tempus exegerit, huiusmodi collationi succumbant, ut non tantum requiratur idoneus, verum universi pro portione suae possessionis iugationisque ad haec munia coartentur, et a summis sarcina ad infimos usque decurrat. <a 408 d. iii id. april. constantinopoli basso et philippo conss.>

But under this condition, when the time shall have required, let them submit to a collation of this sort, so that not only a suitable person be sought, but that all be constrained to these duties in proportion to their possession and yoke-assessment, and let the burden run from the highest down to the lowest. <in 408, on the 3rd day before the Ides of April, at Constantinople, Basso and Philip as consuls.>

CJ.10.49.2: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.49.2: Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Cum ad felicissimam expeditionem numinis nostri omnium provincialium per loca, qua iter adripimus, debeant nobis ministeria exhiberi, neminem ab angariis vel parangariis vel plaustris vel quolibet munere penitus excusari praecipimus, sed omnes, sive ad divinam nostram domum sive ad venerabilis augustae vel ad sacrosanctas ecclesias vel quaslibet illustres domos pertinent, nec lege pragmatica nec divina adnotatione sacrove oraculo excusatos indictionibus magnificae tuae sedis tempore nostrae expeditionis oboedire decernimus. * theodos. et valentin.

Since, for the most felicitous expedition of our divinity, the services of all provincials ought to be furnished to us through the places along which we take up our march, we order that no one be wholly excused from angariae or parangariae or carts or any duty whatsoever; but we decree that all, whether they pertain to our divine house or to the venerable Augusta or to the sacrosanct churches or to any illustrious houses whatsoever, being excused neither by a pragmatic law nor by a divine annotation nor by a sacred oracle, must obey the indictions of your magnificent seat at the time of our expedition. * theodosius and valentinian.

aa. ad taurum pp. * <a 445 d. xiii k. mart. constantinopoli valentiniano a. vi et nomo conss.>

the augusti to Taurus, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 445, on the 13th day before the Kalends of March, at Constantinople, when Valentinian the Augustus for the 6th time and Nomus were consuls.>

CJ.10.49.3: Imperator Leo

CJ.10.49.3: Emperor Leo

Hac providentissima lege statuimus omni excusatione cessante nullaque persona vel dignitate penitus excepta, in quibuscumque locis administrationi sublimitatis tuae commissis opus exegerit, murorum constructionem seu comparationem frumenti aliarumque specierum sine ullo impedimento, prout commodum atque necessarium magnitudo tua perspexerit, fieri. * leo a. dioscoro pp. * <a 472 ? >

By this most provident law we decree, with every excuse ceasing and with no person or dignity at all excepted, that, in whatever places entrusted to the administration of your Sublimity the need shall require, the construction of walls, or the procurement of grain and of other kinds, be carried out without any impediment, as Your Greatness shall have perceived to be expedient and necessary. * Leo Augustus to Dioscorus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 472 ? >

CJ.10.50.0. Qui aetate se excusant.

CJ.10.50.0. Those who excuse themselves on account of age.

CJ.10.50.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.50.1: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Cum vos adfirmetis liberalibus studiis operam dare, maxime circa professionem iuris, consistendo in civitate berytorum provinciae phoenices, providendum utilitati publicae et spei vestrae decernimus, ut singuli usque ad vicesimum quintum annum aetatis suae studiis non avocentur. * diocl. et maxim.

Since you affirm that you devote effort to liberal studies, especially concerning the profession of law, by residing in the city of Berytus in the province of Phoenice, we decree, with a view to the public utility and to your prospects, that individuals up to the twenty-fifth year of their age are not to be diverted from their studies. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. severino et ceteris scholasticis arabiis.* <a xxx >

the emperors to severinus and the other scholastics of arabia.* <a xxx >

CJ.10.50.2: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.50.2: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Cum filios tuos patria potestate liberatos adhuc minores legitima aetate esse dicas, merito postulas, ut liberalibus studiis non avocentur. et ideo muneribus personalibus quae ad patrimonium non pertinent non adstringentur, si civium non est inopia. * diocl.

Since you say that your sons, freed from paternal power, are still minors under the lawful age, you rightly request that they not be diverted from liberal studies. And therefore they shall not be bound to personal burdens which do not pertain to the patrimony, if there is no shortage of citizens. * Diocletian.

et maxim. aa. theodoro. * <a xxx >

and Maximian, the Augusti, to Theodore. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.50.3pr.: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.50.3pr.: Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Manifesti iuris est maiores quinquaginta quinque annis invitos ad munera personalia vocari non posse. * diocl. et maxim.

It is manifest law that those over fifty-five years cannot, against their will, be called to personal munera. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. protelao. * <a xxx >

The Emperors to Protelaus. *

CJ.10.50.3.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.50.3.1: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Cum itaque septuagenario maiorem te esse profitearis, si nominatione facta appellationis auxilium interposuisti, tueri te notione praesidis provinciae potes iure concesso. <a xxx >

Therefore, since you profess that you are older than seventy, if, once the nomination has been made, you have interposed the aid of an appeal, you can protect yourself by the jurisdiction of the governor of the province, by the right granted. <a xxx >

CJ.10.51.0. Qui morbo.

CJ.10.51.0. Those who are ill.

CJ.10.51.1: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.51.1: Emperor Gordian

Si ea caecitate pater tuus oppressus est, ut utriusque oculi aciem prorsus amiserit, levamentum personalium munerum sentiet. * gord. a. cassiano.

If your father has been oppressed by such blindness that he has entirely lost the sight of both eyes, he will feel an alleviation of personal munera. * Gordian Augustus to Cassianus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.51.2: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.51.2: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Cum articulari morbo debilitatum te esse dicas, iuxta iuris publici auctoritatem a personalibus muneribus vacationem habebis. * diocl. et maxim.

Since you say that you are debilitated by an articular disease, in accordance with the authority of public law you will have exemption from personal duties. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. iuliano. * <a xxx >

the emperors to Julianus. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.51.3: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.51.3: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Podagrae quidem valitudo nec personalium munerum prodest ad excusationem: verum cum ita te valitudine pedum adflictum dicas, ut rebus propriis intercessum commodare non possis, adi rectorem provinciae, qui si adlegationibus tuis fidem adesse perspexerit, ad corporalia munera vocari te non patietur. * diocl. et maxim.

The condition of gout does not avail for an excuse from personal munera: but since you say that you are so afflicted with a condition of the feet that you cannot lend attendance to your own affairs, go to the rector of the province, who, if he perceives that credence is due to your allegations, will not allow you to be called to corporeal munera. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. celeri. * <a xxx >

the augusti and the caesars to celer. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.51.4: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.51.4: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Casus patris corporis munerum personalium filio iure non praestat excusationem. * diocl. et maxim.

An accident to the father's body does not, in law, afford the son an excuse from personal public duties. * diocletian and maximian.

aa. et cc. regino. * <a xxx >

the augusti and the caesars to reginus. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.52.0. De his qui numero liberorum vel paupertate excusationem meruerunt.

CJ.10.52.0. On those who have merited an exemption by the number of children or by poverty.

CJ.10.52.1: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.52.1: Emperor Alexander Severus

Numerus liberorum ab honoribus non excusat. * alex. a. verecundo.

The number of children does not excuse from honors. * Alexander Augustus to Verecundus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.52.2: Imperator Philippus

CJ.10.52.2: Emperor Philip

Filium ab hostibus captum ac necdum reversum ad excusationem munerum personalium patri proficere non posse magis placuit. * philipp. a. et philipp.

It was decided that a son captured by the enemy and not yet returned cannot avail his father for an excuse from personal duties. * philip the augustus and philip.

c. severino. * <a xxx >

to Severinus. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.52.3pr.: Imperator Philippus

CJ.10.52.3pr.: Emperor Philip

Nepotes in locum parentum succedentes vice eorum prodesse consueverunt. * philipp. a. et c. nonno.

Grandchildren, succeeding into the place of their parents, have been accustomed to be of benefit in their stead. * Philippus, the Augustus, and the Caesar, to Nonnus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.52.3.1: Imperator Philippus

CJ.10.52.3.1: Emperor Philip

Et ideo si quinque numerus liberorum ex amissorum filiorum nepotibus suppletur, a muneribus personalibus is, quem patrem tuum esse dicis, iuxta constituta excusatur. <a xxx >

And therefore, if the number of five children is made up from the grandchildren of sons who have been lost, the one whom you say is your father is excused from personal public burdens, according to the constitutions. <a xxx >

CJ.10.52.4: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.52.4: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Cum facultates tuas in filium tuum contulisse te nec quicquam habere proponas, respectu eius patrimonii quod tuum esse desiit muneribus civilibus non adstringeris. * diocl. et maxim.

Since you set forth that you have transferred your resources to your son and that you have nothing, with respect to that patrimony which has ceased to be yours you are not bound to civil duties. * diocletian and maximian.

aa. domno. * <a xxx >

aa. to the lord. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.52.5: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.52.5: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

De personalibus muneribus, quae feminis pro sexus condicione indicuntur, exemplo marium quinque superstitum numero liberorum eas excusari divi parentes nostri constituerunt. * diocl. et maxim.

Concerning personal munera, which are imposed upon women according to the condition of their sex, our deified parents decreed that they be excused, following the example of men, by the number of five surviving children. * diocl. and maxim.

aa. et cc. marciae. * <a xxx >

the augusti and the caesars to marcia. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.52.6pr.: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.52.6pr.: Emperor Constantine

Eos qui cuiuscumque sexus liberos quinque habeant, impetrata semel vacatione potiri convenit, ita ut, si in hoc numero filius legitimae aetatis inveniatur, obeundis statim pro suo patre muneribus applicetur, patribus, qui filios vel filias quinque habuerint, promissa legibus immunitate servanda. * const. a. dalmatio.

Those who have five children of whatever sex, having once obtained an exemption, it is proper that they enjoy it, such that, if within this number a son of legitimate age is found, he is immediately assigned to undertake the duties in his father’s stead, the immunity promised by the laws being maintained for fathers who shall have had five sons or daughters. * const. a. dalmatio.

* <a xxx d. xiiii k. febr. sirmio crispo iii et constantino ii conss.>

* <received on the 30th day; on the 14th day before the Kalends of February, at Sirmium; in the consulship of Crispus for the 3rd time and Constantine for the 2nd.>

CJ.10.52.6.1: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.52.6.1: Emperor Constantine

Quod si quis propter censum tenuiorem vacationem meruerit atque hoc probaverit, beneficio potiatur, si propter rerum angustias ad personalia vocatur obsequia. <a xxx d. xiiii k. febr. sirmio crispo iii et constantino ii conss.>

But if anyone, on account of a lower census, has merited an exemption and has proved this, let him obtain the benefit, if, because of straitness of means, he is called to personal services. <a xxx d. 14 k. febr. sirmio crispo 3 et constantino 2 conss.>

CJ.10.53.0. De professoribus et medicis.

CJ.10.53.0. On professors and physicians.

CJ.10.53.1: Imperator Antoninus

CJ.10.53.1: Emperor Antoninus

Cum te medicum legionis secundae adiutricis esse dicas, munera civilia, quamdiu rei publicae causa afueris, suscipere non cogeris: cum autem abesse desieris, post finitam eo iure vacationem, si in eorum numero eris, qui ad beneficia medicis concessa pertinent, ea immunitate uteris. * ant. a. numisio.

Since you say that you are a physician of the Second Adiutrix Legion, you are not compelled to undertake civil burdens so long as you are absent for the sake of the commonwealth; but when you have ceased to be absent, after the exemption grounded on that right has ended, if you are in the number of those who pertain to the benefits granted to physicians, you will enjoy that immunity. * Antoninus Augustus to Numisius.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.53.2: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.53.2: Emperor Gordian

Grammaticos seu oratores decreto ordinis probatos, si non se utiles studentibus praebeant, denuo ab eodem ordine reprobari posse incognitum non est. * gord. a. heracliano.

That grammarians or orators approved by decree of the council, if they do not show themselves useful to the students, can be rejected anew by the same council, is not unknown. * gordian the augustus to heraclianus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.53.3: Imperator Philippus

CJ.10.53.3: Emperor Philip

Poetae nulla immunitatis praerogativa iuvantur. * philipp. a. et philipp.

Poets are aided by no prerogative of immunity. * Philip Augustus and Philip.

c. ulpiano. * <a xxx >

to Ulpian. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.53.4: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.53.4: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Oratione divi pii liberalium studiorum professores, non etiam calculatores continentur. * diocl. et maxim.

By the oration of the deified Pius, professors of the liberal studies are included, but calculators are not included as well. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. malcho. * <a xxx >

the augusti to malchus. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.53.5: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.53.5: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Nec intra numerum praestitutum ordine invito medicos immunitatem habere saepe constitutum est, cum oportet eis decreto decurionum immunitatem tribui. * diocl. et maxim.

Nor has it been frequently established that physicians have immunity within the prescribed number, with the order unwilling, since it is proper that immunity be granted to them by decree of the decurions. * diocl. et maxim.

aa. et cc. concedemoni. * <a xxx >

the Augusti and the Caesars grant. *

CJ.10.53.6pr.: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.53.6pr.: Emperor Constantine

Medicos et maxime archiatros vel ex archiatris, grammaticos et professores alios litterarum una cum uxoribus et filiis nec non etiam rebus, quas in civitatibus suis possident, ab omni functione et ab omnibus muneribus civilibus vel publicis immunes esse praecipimus neque in provinciis hospites recipere nec ullo fungi munere nec ad iudicium deduci vel exhiberi vel iniuriam pati, ut, si quis eos vexaverit, poena arbitrario iudicis plectetur. * const. a. ad pop.

We command that physicians, and especially the archiatri or those from among the archiatri, grammarians and other professors of letters, together with their wives and sons and also the goods which they possess in their own cities, be immune from every function and from all civil or public munera, and that they not be required in the provinces to receive guests, nor to perform any duty, nor to be led to judgment or produced, nor to suffer injury; so that, if anyone vexes them, he shall be punished with a penalty at the discretion of the judge. * constitution of the Augustus to the people.

* <a 333 pp. v k. oct. constantinopoli dalmatio et zenophilo conss.>

* <in the year 333, posted on the 5th day before the Kalends of October at Constantinople, in the consulship of Dalmatius and Zenophilus.>

CJ.10.53.6.1: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.53.6.1: Emperor Constantine

Mercedes etiam eorum et salaria reddi iubemus, quo facilius liberalibus studiis et memoratis artibus multos instituant. <a 333 pp. v k. oct. constantinopoli dalmatio et zenophilo conss.>

We also order that their fees and salaries be paid, so that they may more easily train many in the liberal studies and the aforementioned arts. <in the year 333, on the 5th day before the Kalends of October, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Dalmatius and Zenophilus>

CJ.10.53.7pr.: Imperator Julianus

CJ.10.53.7pr.: Emperor Julian

Magistros studiorum doctoresque excellere oportet moribus primum, deinde facundia. * iul. a. * <a 362 d. xv k. iul.

The masters of studies and the doctors ought to excel in morals first, then in eloquence. * Julian Augustus. * <a 362 on the 15th day before the Kalends of July.

acc. iiii k. aug. spoletio mamertino et nevitta conss.>

received on the 4 Kalends of August at spoleto, mamertinus and nevitta, consuls.>

CJ.10.53.7.1: Imperator Julianus

CJ.10.53.7.1: Emperor Julian

Sed quia singulis civitatibus adesse ipse non possum, iubeo, quisquis docere vult, non repente nec temere prosiliat ad hoc munus, sed iudicio ordinis probatus decretum curialium mereatur, optimorum conspirante consensu. <a 362 d. xv k. iul. acc.

But because I myself cannot be present to individual cities, I order that whoever wishes to teach should not spring forth to this office suddenly nor rashly, but, approved by the judgment of the order, let him merit the decree of the curials, with the concerted consensus of the best. <a 362 d. 15 k. iul. acc.

iiii k. aug. spoletio mamertino et nevitta conss.>

on the 4th day before the Kalends of August, at Spoleto, in the consulship of Mamertinus and Nevitta>

CJ.10.53.8: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

CJ.10.53.8: Emperors Valentinian, Valens, Gratian

Reddatur unusquisque patriae suae, qui habitum philosophiae indebite et insolenter usurpare cognoscitur, exceptis his, qui a probatissimis approbati ab hac debent colluvione secerni. turpe enim est, ut patriae functiones ferre non possit, qui etiam fortunae vim se ferre profitetur. * valentin.

Let each person be returned to his own fatherland, whoever is known to usurp the habit of philosophy improperly and insolently, excepting those who, approved by the most approved men, ought to be set apart from this defilement. For it is shameful that he cannot bear the functions of his fatherland who even professes that he bears the force of Fortune. * valentin.

valens et grat. aaa. ad probum pp. * <a 369 d. xiiii k. febr.

Valens and Gratian, the Augusti, to Probus, Praetorian Prefect. * in the year 369, given on the 14th day before the Kalends of February.

sirmio valentiniano np. et victore conss.>

sirmium, when valentinian, the most noble boy, and victor were consuls.>

CJ.10.53.9pr.: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

CJ.10.53.9pr.: Emperors Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

Archiatri scientes annonaria sibi commoda a populi commodis ministrari honeste obsequi tenuioribus malint quam turpiter servire divitibus. * valentin. valens et grat.

Let the archiaters, knowing that annona-perquisites are administered to them from the people’s benefits, prefer to attend honorably to the poorer rather than shamefully to serve the rich. * valentinian, valens, and gratian.

aaa. ad praetextatum pu. * <a 370 d. iii k. febr. triveris valentiniano et valente iii aa. conss.>

aaa. to Praetextatus, Urban Prefect. * <in the year 370, on the 3rd day before the Kalends of February, at Trier, when Emperors Valentinian and Valens were consuls for the 3rd time.>

CJ.10.53.9.1: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

CJ.10.53.9.1: The Emperors Valentinian, Valens, Gratian

Quos etiam ea patimur accipere, quae sani offerunt pro obsequiis, non ea, quae periclitantes pro salute promittunt. <a 370 d. iii k. febr. triveris valentiniano et valente iii aa. conss.>

We also allow them to receive those things which the sound in health offer out of deference, not those which the imperiled promise for their safety. <a 370, on the 3rd day before the Kalends of February, at Trier, Valentinian and Valens, emperors, consuls for the 3rd time.>

CJ.10.53.10: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens, Gratianus

CJ.10.53.10: The Emperors Valentinian, Valens, Gratian

Si quis in archiatri defuncti est locum promotionis meritis adgregandus, non ante eorum particeps fiat, quam primis qui in ordine reperientur septem vel eo amplius iudicantibus idoneus approbetur: ita tamen ut, quicumque fuerit admissus, non in priorem numerum statim veniat, sed eum ordinem consequatur, qui ceteris ad priora subvectis ultimus poterit inveniri. * valentin. valens et grat.

If anyone is to be adgregated, by merits of promotion, into the place of a deceased archiater, let him not become a participant in their privileges before he is approved as suitable by the judgment of the first seven who are found in the order, or by more: provided, however, that whoever shall have been admitted does not at once come into the prior number, but obtains that rank which, the others having been subvehicled to the prior positions, can be found the last. * Valentinian, Valens, and Gratian.

aaa. ad olybrium pu. * <a 370 d. vi id. mart. valentiniano et valente iii aa. conss.>

the augusti to olybrius, urban prefect. * <in the year 370, given on the 6th day before the ides of march, when valentinian and valens, augusti for the 3rd time, were consuls.>

CJ.10.53.11pr.: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.53.11pr.: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Grammaticos oratores atque philosophiae praeceptores nec non etiam medicos praeter haec, quae retro latarum sanctionum auctoritate consecuti sunt privilegia immunitatesque, frui hac praerogativa praecipimus, ut universi, qui in sacro palatio inter archiatros militarunt, cum comitivam primi ordinis vel secundi adepti fuerint aut maioris gradum dignitatis adscenderint, nulla municipali, nulla curialium conventione vexentur, seu indepta administratione seu accepta testimoniali meruerint missionem: sint ab omni functione omnibusque muneribus publicis immunes, nec eorum domus ubicumque positae militem seu iudicem suscipiant hospitandum. * honor. et theodos.

We command that grammarians, orators, and preceptors of philosophy, and likewise also physicians, besides those privileges and immunities which they have obtained by the authority of previously enacted sanctions, enjoy this prerogative: that all who have served among the archiatri in the sacred palace, when they shall have obtained the comitiva of the first or of the second rank, or have ascended to a grade of greater dignity, be vexed by no municipal, by no convention of the curials, whether with an administration obtained or, a testimonial received, they have earned discharge: let them be immune from every function and from all public munera, nor shall their houses, wherever situated, receive a soldier or a judge to be lodged (billeted). * honor. et theodos.

aa. monaxio pp. * <a 414 d. prid. k. dec. constantinopoli constantio et constante conss.>

the emperors to Monaxius, praetorian prefect. * <a AD 414, the day before the Kalends of December, at Constantinople, when Constantius and Constans were consuls.>

CJ.10.53.11.1: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.53.11.1: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Quae omnia filiis etiam eorum et coniugibus illibata praecipimus custodiri. <a 414 d. prid. k. dec.

We command that all these things be kept inviolate, even for their sons and spouses. <a 414 d. prid. k. dec.

constantinopoli constantio et constante conss.>

at constantinople, under constantius and constans, consuls.>

CJ.10.53.11.2: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.53.11.2: Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Haec autem et professoribus memoratis eorumque liberis deferenda mandamus. <a 414 d. prid. k. dec.

We order that these also be conferred upon the aforementioned professors and their children. <a 414, on the day before the Kalends of December.

constantinopoli constantio et constante conss.>

at constantinople, with constantius and constans as consuls.>

CJ.10.54.0. De athletis.

CJ.10.54.0. On athletes.

CJ.10.54.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.54.1: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Athletis ita demum, si per omnem aetatem certasse, coronis quoque non minus tribus certaminis sacri, in quibus vel semel romae seu antiquae graetiae, merito coronati non aemulis corruptis ac redemptis probentur, civilium munerum tribui solet vacatio. * diocl. et maxim.

Only then, to athletes, if they have contended through their whole lifetime, and with not fewer than three crowns of the sacred contest—among which at least once at Rome or in ancient Greece—they are proven to have been deservedly crowned, not with rivals corrupted and bought, is exemption from civil duties accustomed to be granted. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. et cc. hermogeni. * <a xxx >

the augusti and the caesars to hermogenes. *

CJ.10.55.0. De his qui non impletis stipendiis sacramento soluti sunt.

CJ.10.55.0. On those who, their terms of service not completed, have been released from the military oath.

CJ.10.55.1: Imperator Antoninus

CJ.10.55.1: Emperor Antoninus

Ignominiae causa sacramento liberati honoribus abstinere debent, a muneribus autem civilibus excusati non sunt. * ant. a. verino.

Those released from the sacrament (military oath) on account of ignominy ought to abstain from honors, but they are not excused from civil duties. * Antoninus to Verinus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.55.2pr.: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.55.2pr.: Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Cum ob provectae aetatis senium sis dimissus, honestam missionem consecutum te esse ambigi non potest. * diocl. et maxim.

Since you have been discharged on account of the senility of advanced age, it cannot be doubted that you have obtained an honorable discharge. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. caro veterano. * <a xxx >

the emperors to Carus, a veteran. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.55.2.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.55.2.1: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Habebis itaque a civilibus muneribus nec non etiam honoribus vacationem: non tamen ea privilegia, quae his competunt qui pleno stipendiorum numero funguntur, usurpare te ius permittit, quando non perfecto statuto militiae tempore nec omnibus stipendiis decursis sacramento solutum te esse etiam ipse confitearis. <a xxx >

You will therefore have exemption from civil duties and also from honors: nevertheless the law does not permit you to usurp those privileges which pertain to those who discharge the full number of stipends (terms of service), since, with the appointed time of military service not completed and with not all stipends run through, you yourself also confess that you have not been released from the oath. <a xxx >

CJ.10.55.3pr.: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.55.3pr.: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Veteranis ita demum honorum et munerum personalium vacatio iure conceditur, si post vicesimum annum militiae, quam in legione vel vexillatione militaverunt, honestam vel causariam missionem consecuti esse ostendantur. * diocl. et maxim.

Only then is exemption from honors and personal burdens granted by right to veterans, if, after the twentieth year of military service, which they have served in a legion or a vexillation, they are shown to have obtained an honorable or causal discharge. * diocl. and maxim.

aa. philopatori. * <a xxx >

the Augusti to Philopator. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.55.3.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.55.3.1: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Unde cum te in cohorte militasse commemoras, intellegis supervacuo vacationem tibi velle flagitare. <a xxx >

Therefore, since you recall that you have served in a cohort, you understand that you wish to demand an exemption for yourself to no purpose. <a xxx >

CJ.10.56.0. Quibus muneribus excusantur ii, qui post impletam militiam vel advocationem per provincias suis commodis vacantes commorantur et de privilegiis eorum.

CJ.10.56.0. From which public duties those are excused who, after completing military service or an advocation, linger through the provinces at leisure for their own interests; and concerning their privileges.

CJ.10.57.0. De conductoribus vectigalium fisci.

CJ.10.57.0. On the lessees of the fisc’s tax revenues.

CJ.10.57.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.57.1: Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Non alios a muneribus et honoribus vacationem habere, quam qui mancipatum suo nomine vectigal a fisco conducunt, certum est. quare eos, qui ab his quaedam exercenda accipiunt, nullis privilegiis esse munitos haud dubii iuris est. * diocl.

It is certain that none others have exemption from public duties and honors than those who, in their own name, lease the tax (vectigal) from the fisc by mancipation. Wherefore it is law beyond doubt that those who receive certain tasks to be carried out from them are fortified by no privileges. * diocl.

et maxim. aa. punico. * < s>

and Maximian, the Augusti, to Punicus. * < s>

CJ.10.58.0. De libertinis.

CJ.10.58.0. On freedmen.

CJ.10.58.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.58.1: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Condicio libertinitatis de muneribus civilibus tribuere non potest excusationem nec in ea quidem civitate, ubi domicilium libertinus habet. * diocl. et maxim.

The condition of freedman status with respect to civil duties cannot grant an exemption, not even in the very city where the freedman has his domicile. * diocletian and maximian.

aa. et cc. lucillo. * <>

the augusti and the caesars to lucillus. * <>

CJ.10.59.0. De infamibus.

CJ.10.59.0. On the infamous.

CJ.10.59.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.59.1: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Infames personae, licet nullis honoribus, qui integrae dignitatis hominibus deferri solent, uti possunt, curialium tamen vel civilium munerum vacationem non habent: sed et sollemnibus indictionibus ob tutelam publicam eos satisfacere necesse est. * diocl. et maxim.

Infamous persons, although they cannot avail themselves of any honors that are wont to be conferred upon men of intact dignity, nevertheless do not have exemption from curial or civil duties; but it is also necessary that they satisfy the solemn indictions for the public safeguard. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. charitoni. * <>

the augusti to charito. * <>

CJ.10.60.0. De reis postulatis.

CJ.10.60.0. On arraigned defendants.

CJ.10.60.1: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.60.1: Emperor Alexander Severus

Reos criminis postulatos novos honores appetere non debere, antequam purgarent innocentiam suam, et a divis parentibus nostris et a me saepe rescriptum est. * alex. a. niciae.

Those arraigned for a crime ought not to aspire to new honors before they purge/clear their innocence; and this has often been rescripted both by our deified parents and by me. * Alexander Augustus to Nicia.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.61.0. De his qui in exsilium dati vel ordine moti sunt.

CJ.10.61.0. Concerning those who have been consigned to exile or removed from their order.

CJ.10.61.1: Imperator Antoninus

CJ.10.61.1: The Emperor Antoninus

Quibus posthac ordine suo vel advocationibus ad tempus interdicetur, post impletum temporis spatium non prorogabitur infamia. * ant. a. pars ed. prop.

For those hereafter to whom their own order or advocations are interdicted for a time, after the span of time has been completed, the infamy will not be prorogated. * ant. a. pars ed. prop.

romae v.Id.Iul. duobus aspris conss.* <a 212 >

at Rome, on the 5th day before the Ides of July, when both Aspri were consuls.* <a 212 >

CJ.10.61.2: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.61.2: Emperor Gordian

Ad tempus exsulare decurio iussus et impleto tempore regressus pristinam quidem dignitatem recipit, ad novos vero honores non admittitur, nisi tanto tempore his abstinuerit quanto per fugam afuit. * gord. a. ulpio.

A decurion ordered to go into exile for a set time and, the time having been completed, having returned, does indeed recover his former dignity; but he is not admitted to new honors, unless he has abstained from these for as long a time as he was absent by flight. * gordian augustus to ulpius.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.62.0. De filiis familias et quemadmodum pater pro his teneatur.

CJ.10.62.0. On sons of the family and how the father is held liable for them.

CJ.10.62.1: Imperatores Severus, Antoninus

CJ.10.62.1: The Emperors Severus and Antoninus

Patrem emancipato filio consentientem ad decurionatum non teneri dubii iuris non est: tunc enim consentiendo pater ad decurionatum obligatur, si filium in potestate habeat. consentire autem etiam is videtur, qui non testificatur dissentire nominationi. * sev.

It is not of doubtful law that a father who consents with respect to a son who has been emancipated is not held to the decurionate: for then, by consenting, the father is bound to the decurionate if he has the son in his power. Moreover, he also is considered to consent who does not testify that he dissents from the nomination. * sev.

et ant. aa. eutycho. * <a xxx >

and antoninus, augusti, to eutyches. * <a xxx >

CJ.10.62.2: Imperator aurel.

CJ.10.62.2: Emperor Aurelian.

Cum appellasse te dicas, ostendis causam ad te pertinere: potueras enim nominato filio tantum contestari et non consentire honori ei delato. * aurel. a. aspasio.

Since you say that you have appealed, you show the case to pertain to you: for upon the son being named you could have merely entered a protest and not consented to the honor conferred on him. * Aurelian Augustus to Aspasius.

* < >

CJ.10.62.3pr.: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.62.3pr.: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Si ii, qui cum patre ad protostasiae munus vocati sunt, etiam nunc in patria potestate constituti sunt, ab huiusmodi necessitatibus liberentur, cum ex eadem familia ac domo duos ad ista obsequia destinari periniquum videatur. * diocl. et maxim.

If those who, together with their father, have been called to the office of protostasia are even now established under paternal power, let them be freed from necessities of this kind, since from the same family and household it seems most unjust that two should be assigned to those services. * diocl. and maxim.

aa. crispino. * < >

the emperors to crispinus. * < >

CJ.10.62.3.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.62.3.1: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Sane eos, quos emancipatos esse atque ex familia exisse manifestum est, sine cunctatione retinere debebis. < >

Indeed those whom it is manifest to be emancipated and to have gone out from the family, you must retain without hesitation. < >

CJ.10.62.4pr.: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.62.4pr.: The Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

Sine periculo tuo magistratus filium tuum curatorem constituit nec appellandi tibi necessitas incumbebat. * diocl. et maxim.

Without risk to you, the magistrate appointed your son as curator, nor did the necessity of appealing lie upon you. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. alexandro. * < >

the emperors to Alexander. * < >

CJ.10.62.4.1: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.62.4.1: Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Sane nominator, qui filium in potestate positum non consentiente patre ad munus devocavit, si tamen ex voluntate tua antea filius decurio factus non erat, detrimento muneris obligabitur. < >

Indeed the nominator, who has called to a munus a son placed under paternal power without the father consenting, if, however, the son had not previously been made a decurion by your will, will be bound to the detriment of the munus. < >

CJ.10.63.0. De peculo successorum parentis.

CJ.10.63.0. On the peculium of the parent’s successors.

CJ.10.63.1: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.63.1: Emperor Alexander Severus

Si de proprio suo patrimonio muneris editionem tuo nomine pater tuus repromisit ideoque etiam sacerdotem te creari impetravit, onus erogationis commune omnium heredum eius esse praeses provinciae non ignorabit. * alex. a. claudiano.

If from his own patrimony your father promised, in your name, the production of a munus, and for that reason even procured that you be created priest, the governor of the province will not be unaware that the burden of the expenditure is common to all his heirs. * Alexander Augustus to Claudianus.

* < >

CJ.10.64.0. De mulieribus in quo loco munera sexui congruentia et honores agnoscant.

CJ.10.64.0. On women: in what place they should acknowledge the munera congruent to their sex and honors.

CJ.10.64.1: Imperator Philippus

CJ.10.64.1: Emperor Philip

Malchaeam, quae aliunde oriunda alibi nupta est, si non in urbe roma maritus eius consistat, non apud originem suam, sed apud incolatum mariti ad honores seu munera, quae personis cohaerent quorumque is sexus capax esse potest, compelli posse saepe rescriptum est. patrimonii vero munera necesse est mulieres in his locis in quibus possident sustinere. * philipp.

It has often been decreed by rescript that Malchaea, who originates elsewhere and is married elsewhere, if her husband does not reside in the city of Rome, can be compelled not at her own origin, but at the husband’s residence to the honors or public burdens which cohere to persons and of which that sex can be capable. But the patrimonial burdens it is necessary for women to sustain in those places in which they possess property. * philip.

a. claudio. * < >

to Claudius. * < >

--------------------------------------------------

CJ. c.10.65.0. De legationibus.

CJ. c.10.65.0. On legations.

CJ.10.65.1: Imperatores valer., gallien.

CJ.10.65.1: The Emperors Valer., Gallien.

Pater trium incolumium liberorum legationibus publicis liberatur. * valer. et gallien.

A father of three surviving children is freed from public legations. * valerian and gallienus.

aa. achillino. * < >

the Augusti; under Achillinus. * < >

CJ.10.65.2pr.: Imperatores valer., gallien.

CJ.10.65.2pr.: The Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.

Cum vos proprio nomine sumptus ob defensionem publicam susceperitis, id, quod ad proprias erogationes collega vester acceperat, non vobis reddere heredes eius, sed si in ea causa est, ut restitui omnino oporteat, rei publicae debent potius inferre. * valer. et gallien.

Since you have undertaken expenses in your own name on account of the public defense, that which your colleague had received for his own disbursements his heirs are not to return to you; but, if the case is such that it ought altogether to be restored, they ought rather to pay it into the commonwealth. * valer. et gallien.

aa. et valer. c. marco. * < >

the augusti and valerian the caesar to marcus. * < >

CJ.10.65.2.1: Imperatores valer., gallien.

CJ.10.65.2.1: The Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.

Sane si honorariis advocatorum erat ea quantitas destinata, restitui illud vobis , qui haec praestaturi estis, non iniuria postulatis. < >

Indeed, if that quantity was destined for the honoraria of the advocates, you are not unjustly requesting that it be restored to you , who are about to provide these things. < >

CJ.10.65.2.2: Imperatores valer., gallien.

CJ.10.65.2.2: The Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.

Eum autem collegam vestrum, quem defensione patriae destitisse dicitis, apud provinciae praesidem desertae adlegationis arguere potestis. < >

But that colleague of yours, whom you say has abandoned the defense of the fatherland, you can charge before the governor of the province with a deserted delegation. < >

CJ.10.65.3: Imperatores Diocletianus, Maximianus

CJ.10.65.3: The Emperors Diocletian, Maximian

Transmarina legatione apud nos perfunctos constitutum est biennii vacationem munerum civilium et honorum habere, non eos, qui de proximo obsequium rei publicae videntur exhibuisse. * diocl. et maxim.

It has been established that those who have discharged a transmarine legation before us are to have a two-year exemption from civil duties and honors, not those who seem to have exhibited service to the republic from close at hand. * Diocletian and Maximian.

aa. muciano. * < >

the augusti to mucianus. * < >

CJ.10.65.4pr.: Imperator Constantius

CJ.10.65.4pr.: Emperor Constantius

Universi omnino ex comitibus vel ex praesidibus, qui suffragio perceperint dignitates, civilibus oneribus muneribusque teneantur adstricti, ne commoda publica cum umbratili suffragiorum pactione lacerentur. * constantius a. ad titianum. * <a 343 d. prid.

All without exception from among the counts or from the governors who shall have received dignities by suffrage are to be held constrained to civil burdens and duties, lest the public advantages be lacerated by the shadowy paction of suffrages. * constantius augustus to titianus. * <a 343 d. prid.

k. iul. triveris placido et romulo conss.>

on the Kalends of July, at Trier, in the consulship of Placidus and Romulus.>

CJ.10.65.4.1: Imperator Constantius

CJ.10.65.4.1: Emperor Constantius

Eos tamen a praedictis oneribus excipi oportebit, qui in legationibus publicis versati sunt. <a 343 d. prid. k. iul.

Those, however, must be exempted from the aforesaid burdens, who have been engaged in public embassies. <year 343, on the day before the Kalends of July.

triveris placido et romulo conss.>

at trier, with placidus and romulus as consuls.>

CJ.10.65.5pr.: Imperatores Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.65.5pr.: The Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

Si quod extraordinarium concilium postulatur, cum vel ad nos est mittenda legatio vel vestrae sedi aliquid intimandum, id, quod inter omnes communi consilio tractatuque convenerit, minime in examen cognitoris ordinarii referatur. * theodos. arcad.

If any extraordinary council is requested, when either a legation is to be sent to us or something is to be intimated to your see, that which has been agreed among all by common counsel and discussion is by no means to be referred to the examination of the ordinary judge. * theodos. arcad.

et honor. aaa. apodemio pp. illyrici.

and honorius, the augusti, to apodemius, praetorian prefect of illyricum.

* <a 392 d. v k. aug. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss.>

* <in the year 392, on the fifth day before the Kalends of August, at Constantinople, Arcadius Augustus (for the 2nd time) and Rufinus, consuls.>

CJ.10.65.5.1: Imperatores Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.65.5.1: The Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

Provincialium enim desideria, quibus necessaria saepe fortuitis remedia deposcuntur, vobis agnoscere atque explorare permittimus, ut sit examinis tui, quae ex his auxilio tuo protinus implenda sunt, et quae clementiae nostrae auribus intimanda videantur. <a 392 d. v k. aug. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss.>

For we permit you to acknowledge and to explore the desires of the provincials—who often demand necessary remedies from fortuitous means—so that it may be the subject of your examination which of these are to be fulfilled forthwith by your aid, and which seem to be intimated to the ears of our clemency. <in the year 392, on the 5th day before the Kalends of August, at Constantinople, Arcadius Augustus for the 2nd time and Rufinus, consuls.>

CJ.10.65.5.2: Imperatores Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.65.5.2: The Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, Honorius

In loco autem publico de communi utilitate provincialium sententia proferatur, atque id, quod maioris partis probaverit adsensus, sollemnis firmet auctoritas. <a 392 d. v k. aug. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss.>

In a public place, however, let a judgment be brought forth concerning the common utility of the provincials, and that which the assent of the greater part has approved, let solemn authority ratify. <a 392 d. v k. aug. constantinopoli arcadio a. ii et rufino conss.>

CJ.10.65.6: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.65.6: The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius

Quotiens ab alexandrina civitate legatio destinatur, universos curiales praecipimus, qui intra urbem consistunt, si non aegritudine vel alia inexcusabili necessitate impediuntur, in locum curiae convenire et decreta sua propria subscriptione firmata viro spectabili praefecto augustali insinuare, ut eius relatione comitati tuis virtutibus suas petitiones intiment et sub exame tuo perpensa legatione res ordinetur. * honor. et theodos.

Whenever a legation is dispatched from the Alexandrian city, we command all the curiales who reside within the city, if they are not hindered by illness or by another inexcusable necessity, to assemble in the place of the curia and to present their decrees, confirmed by their own subscription, to the man of spectable rank, the Augustal Prefect, so that, accompanied by his report, they may intimate their petitions to your virtues, and with the legation weighed under your examination, the matter may be ordered. * Honorius and Theodosius.

aa. monaxio pp. * <a 416 d. iii non. oct. constantinopoli theodosio a. vii et palladio vc. conss.>

the augusti to monaxius, praetorian prefect. * <in the year 416, on the 3rd day before the nones of october, at constantinople, when theodosius, augustus, for the 7th time, and palladius, of clarissimate rank, were consuls.>

CJ.10.66.0. De excusationibus artificum.

CJ.10.66.0. On the exemptions of artisans.

CJ.10.66.1: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.66.1: Emperor Constantine

Artifices artium brevi subdito comprehensarum per singulas civitates morantes ab universis muneribus vacare praecipimus, si quidem ediscendis artibus otium sit accommodandum, quo magis cupiant et ipsi peritiores fieri et suos filios erudire. et est notitia ista: architecti medici mulomedici pictores statuarii marmorarii lectarii seu laccarii clavicarii quadrigarii quadratarii ( quos graeco vocabulo livovyktas appellant) structores ( id est aedificatores) sculptores ligni musarii deauratores albini ( quos graeci ckoniatasc appellant) argentarii barbaricarii diatretarii aerarii fusores signarii fabri bracarii aquae libratores figuli ( qui graece kerameis dicuntur) aurifices vitrearii plumarii specula rii eborarii pelliones fullones carpentarii sculptores dealbatores cusores linarii tignarii blattearii ( id est petalourgoi ). * constant. a. ad maximum pp. * <a 337 d. iiii non.

We command that the artisans of the crafts included in the brief appended, residing in each city, be free from all public services, since leisure must be accommodated for the learning of the arts, whereby they may more eagerly desire both to become more skillful themselves and to educate their sons. And this is the roster: architects physicians mule-physicians painters statue-makers marble-workers bed/couch-makers or laccarii locksmiths chariot-makers stone-squarers (whom in Greek they call livovyktas) builders (that is, house-builders) wood-carvers mosaicists gilders whitewashers (whom the Greeks call ckoniatasc) silversmiths barbaricarii diatrete-makers bronzeworkers founders seal-engravers smiths breeches-makers water-levelers (hydraulic surveyors) potters (who in Greek are called kerameis) goldsmiths glassworkers embroiderers mirror-makers ivory-workers furriers fullers carpenters sculptors whitewashers coin-strikers linen-workers carpenters/joiners blattearii (that is, petalourgoi). * Constantine Augustus to Maximus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 337 d. 4 non.

aug. feliciano et titiano conss.>

August, in the consulship of Felicianus and Titianus.>

CJ.10.66.2: Imperatores Constantius, constans

CJ.10.66.2: The Emperors Constantius, constans

Mechanicos et geometras et architectos, qui divisiones partium omnium incisionesque servant mensurisque et institutis operam fabricationibus stringunt, et eos, qui aquarum inventos ductus et modos docili libratione ostendunt, in par studium docendi atque discendi nostro sermone compellimus. itaque immunitatibus gaudeant et suscipiant docendos, qui docere sufficiunt. * constantius et constans aa. ad leontinum pp. * <a 344 d.Prid.Non.Iul.Leontino et sallustio conss.>

We address mechanics, geometers, and architects—who observe the divisions and incisions of all parts and, by measures and by rules, constrain their effort to constructions—and those who, by skillful leveling, display the discovered water-channels and methods, into an equal zeal of teaching and learning by our pronouncement. Therefore let them enjoy immunities and undertake pupils to be taught, those who are sufficient to teach. * Constantius and Constans, Augusti, to Leontinus, Praetorian Prefect. * <year 344, on the day before the Nones of July. Leontinus and Sallustius, consuls.>

CJ.10.67.0. De potioribus ad munera nominandis.

CJ.10.67.0. On the more eligible to be nominated to public duties.

CJ.10.67.1: Imperator Antoninus

CJ.10.67.1: Emperor Antoninus

Si ipse vocatus ad munera civilia potiorem alium nominandum putaveris, age causam tuam. * ant. a. basilidae.

If you yourself, summoned to civil duties, think that another, preferable, ought to be nominated, plead your cause. * Antoninus Augustus to Basilides.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.68.0. Si propter inimicitias creatio facta sit.

CJ.10.68.0. If, on account of enmities, an appointment has been made.

CJ.10.68.1: Imperator Alexander Severus

CJ.10.68.1: Emperor Alexander Severus

Si propter inimicitias ad munera civilia creatus es, hanc tibi nominationem non nocere praesidis aequitas faciet, cum et publicae utilitatis intersit non ex inimicitia creationes fieri debere, sed existimatione vera et commodo rei publicae. * alex. a. aniceto.

If on account of enmities you have been appointed to civil duties, the governor’s equity will make this nomination not harm you, since it also pertains to public utility that appointments ought not to be made out of enmity, but by true estimation and the advantage of the commonwealth. * Alexander Augustus to Anicetus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.69.0. De sumptuum recuperatione.

CJ.10.69.0. On the recovery of expenses.

CJ.10.69.1: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.69.1: Emperor Gordian

Muneribus civilibus non fugeris, quae personis mandantur, si quinque filios incolumes habeas. at si contra id privilegium ad munus fatigandi tui causa quidam te devocaverint tuque appellatione interposita securitatem reportaveris, a nominatoribus sumptus quos in litem feceris recuperabis. * gord.

You will not escape the civil munera which are imposed upon persons, even if you have five sons safe and sound. But if, contrary to that privilege, certain persons have summoned you for the purpose of burdening you with a munus, and you, having interposed an appeal, have obtained security, you will recover from the nominators the expenses which you have incurred in the suit. * gord.

a. dionysio. * <a xxx >

to dionysius. *

CJ.10.70.0. Si post creationem quis decesserit.

CJ.10.70.0. If, after creation, anyone has died.

CJ.10.70.1: Imperator Gordianus

CJ.10.70.1: Emperor Gordian

Si ante diem subeundi honoris atque muneris pater tuus defunctus est, conveniri eo nomine heredes eius non oportere praeses provinciae minime ambigit. * gord. a. asiatico.

If before the day of undertaking the honor and the duty your father has died, the governor of the province does not at all doubt that his heirs ought not to be convened on that account. * Gordian Augustus to Asiaticus.

* <a xxx >

CJ.10.71.0. De tabulariis scribis logographis et censualibus.

CJ.10.71.0. On the tabularii, the scribes, the logographers, and the censuales.

CJ.10.71.1: Imperator Constantius

CJ.10.71.1: Emperor Constantius

Nullus omnino ex tabulariis vel scribis vel logographis eorumque filiis in quocumque officio militet, sed ex omnibus officiis, nec non et si intra nostrum palatium militant, necdum impleto quinquennio reperti et retracti protinus officiis municipalibus reddantur. * constantius a. ad catullinum pp. * <a 341 d.Viii k.Iul.Lauriaco Marcellino et probino conss.>

Let absolutely no one from the tabularii or scribes or logographers, nor their sons, serve in any office; but from all offices, and likewise even if they serve within our palace, if found and brought back before the five-year term has been completed, let them at once be returned to municipal offices. * Constantius Augustus to Catullinus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 341 June 24, at Lauriacum, Marcellinus and Probinus, consuls.>

CJ.10.71.2: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.71.2: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Quicumque decurionum sponte se casuali ministerio manciparit, condicionem habeat , quam ipse delegit, depositurus sui ordinis penitus dignitatem, si eum necessitas quaestioni subdendum invenerit. * grat. valentin.

Whoever of the decurions has of his own accord bound himself to a casual service, let him have the condition which he himself chose, laying down utterly the dignity of his order, if necessity finds him to be subjected to interrogation. * grat. valentin.

et theodos. aaa. * <a 384 d.Xv k.Oct.Constantinopoli ricomere et clearcho conss.>

and Theodosius, the Augusti. * <a 384, on the 15th day before the Kalends of October, at Constantinople, Ricomer and Clearchus, consuls.>

CJ.10.71.3pr.: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.71.3pr.: The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius

Generali lege sancimus, ut, sive solidis provinciis sive singulis civitatibus necessarii fuerint tabularii, liberi homines ordinentur neque ulli deinceps ad hoc officium patescat aditus, qui sit obnoxius servituti. * arcad. et honor.

By a general law we ordain that, whether record‑keepers are needed for whole provinces or for individual cities, free men shall be appointed, and henceforth let no access to this office be open to anyone who is subject to servitude. * arcadius and honorius.

aa. hadriano pp. * <a 401 d.Viii k.April.Mediolani vincentio et fravito conss.>

the emperors to hadrian, the praetorian prefect. * <in 401 on the 8th day before the kalends of april, at milan, in the consulship of vincentius and fravitus.>

CJ.10.71.3.1: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.71.3.1: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Sed et si quis dominorum servum suum sive colonum chartas publicas agere permiserit ( consensum enim, non ignorantiam volumus obligari), ipsum quidem, in quantum interfuerit publicae utilitati, pro ratociniis, quae servo sive colono agente tractata sunt, obnoxium attineri, servum autem competentibus adfectum verberibus fisco addici. dominorum enim interfuit ab initio providere, ne publicis actibus privata servitia immiscerentur. <a 401 d.Viii k.April.Mediolani vincentio et fravito conss.>

But also, if any of the masters has allowed his slave or colonus (tenant farmer) to transact public charters ( for we wish consent, not ignorance, to be the basis of obligation), he himself, insofar as it has pertained to the public utility, is to be held liable for the accounts which were handled with the slave or colonus acting, but the slave, after being afflicted with the appropriate beatings, is to be added to the fisc. For it was the masters’ concern from the beginning to provide that private services not be intermixed with public acts. <a 401 on the 8th day before the Kalends of April. at Milan, Vincentius and Fravitus, consuls.>

CJ.10.71.4: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.71.4: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinianus

Boethos logistarum demogrammateos logographos diastoleos, quae vocabula publicis dicuntur subiacere necessitatibus, sive quolibet alio nomine nuncupentur, non honore aut alicuius privilegii colore subnixos pro definitione legum inexorabilium suam fortunam subire compelli, quatenus nec publicis quicquam noceatur aut minuatur utilitatibus, et suis corporibus illi reddantur, quos vel patris vel maiorum obligatio vel sua constringit. * theodos. et valentin.

The Boethoi of the logistae, the demogrammateus, the logographus, the diastoleus—titles which are said to be subject to public necessities—whether they be called by any other name, if not supported by honor or by the color of any privilege, are to be compelled, by the determination of inexorable laws, to undergo their own condition, so that nothing may be harmed or diminished in the public utilities, and let those be restored to their own corporate bodies whom the obligation of a father, or of ancestors, or their own, constrains. * Theodosius and Valentinian.

aa. cyro pp. * <a 440-441 >

the augusti to cyrus, praetorian prefect. * <a 440-441 >

CJ.10.72.0. De susceptoribus praepositis et arcariis.

CJ.10.72.0. On receivers, praepositi, and arcarii.

CJ.10.72.1pr.: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.72.1pr.: Emperor Constantine

Susceptores publicos absque omni mora aurum suscipere censemus, ne quis per hanc occasionem sumptus facere compellatur. * const. a. ad euphrasium rationalem trium provinciarum.

We decree that the public receivers receive the gold without any delay, lest anyone be compelled to incur expenses on this occasion. * const. of the augustus to euphrasius, rationalis of the three provinces.

* <a 325 d.Xiiii k.Aug.Paulino et iuliano conss.>

* <A.D. 325, on the 14th day before the Kalends of August; Paulinus and Julianus, consuls.>

CJ.10.72.1.1: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.72.1.1: Emperor Constantine

Nam si solvere volens a suscipiente fuerit contemptus, testibus adhibitis contestationem debebit proponere, ut hoc probato et ipse securitatem debitam commissi nexu liberatus cum emolumentis accipiat et, qui suscipere neglexerit, eius ponderis quod debebatur in duplum fisci rationibus per vigorem officii praesidis inferre cogatur. <a 325 d.Xiiii k.Aug.Paulino et iuliano conss.>

For if, being willing to pay, he has been scorned by the recipient, he must, witnesses having been called, put forward a formal protest, so that, this having been proved, he also may receive the due security, freed from the bond of the commission, together with the emoluments; and the one who has neglected to accept shall be compelled, by the vigor of the governor’s office, to pay into the accounts of the fisc twice the weight of what was owed. <a 325, on the 14th day before the Kalends of August, in the consulship of Paulinus and Julianus.>

CJ.10.72.1.2: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.72.1.2: Emperor Constantine

Quod autem susceptores iudice cuius interest neglegente violaverint, ex ipsius iudicis facultatibus sarcietur. <a 325 d.Xiiii k.Aug.Paulino et iuliano conss.>

But whatever the susceptores, with the judge whose concern it is being negligent, have violated, shall be made good from that judge’s own resources. <a 325 d.Xiiii k.Aug.Paulino et iuliano conss.>

CJ.10.72.2: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.72.2: Emperors Valentinian, Valens

Iuxta inveteratas leges nominatores susceptorum et eorum, qui ad praeposituram horreorum et pagorum creantur, teneantur obnoxii, si minus idonei sint, qui ab isdem fuerint nominati, nec quicquam ex eorum substantia celebrata per interpositam personam emptione mercentur. * valentin. et valens aa. ad secundum pp. * <a 365 d.Iii k.Aug.Constantinopoli valentiniano et valente aa.Conss.>

According to inveterate laws, the nominators of the receivers (susceptores) and of those who are appointed to the superintendence of the granaries and the districts (pagi) shall be held liable if the men nominated by them prove less than suitable; nor may they purchase anything from their estate by a purchase transacted through an interposed person. * Valentinian and Valens, emperors, to Secundus, the praetorian prefect. * <a 365 on the 3rd day before the Kalends of August, at Constantinople, Valentinian and Valens, emperors, consuls.>

CJ.10.72.3: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.72.3: Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Susceptores novi non modo praesentis anni debita, verum etiam species, quas ex reliquis inferunt, quia novae sunt ac recentes, suscipiant. * valentin. et valens aa. ad mamertinum pp. * <a 365 d.Prid.K.Nov.Romae valentiniano et valente aa.Conss.>

Let the new susceptores undertake not only the debts of the present year, but also the species (in‑kind items) which they bring in from arrears, since they are new and recent. * Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Mamertinus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 365 the day before the Kalends of November, at Rome, when Valentinian and Valens were Consuls.>

CJ.10.72.4pr.: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.72.4pr.: Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Neminem susceptionis munere functum ad idem munus adstringi, nisi prius se vinculo sollicitudinis superioris absolverit. nam neque eos qui placuerint gravare iusti est, neque illos qui displicuerint tenere prudentis. * valentin.

Let no one who has discharged the duty of susception be bound to the same duty, unless he shall first have released himself from the bond of the prior solicitude. For neither is it just to burden those who have pleased, nor prudent to hold those who have displeased. * valentin.

et valens aa. ad florentium com. sacr. larg.

and Valens, the Augusti, to Florentius, count of the sacred largesses.

* <a 366 d. xv k.Oct.Mantebri gratiano nob. puero et dagalaifo conss. >

* <a 366 on the 15th day before the Kalends of October, at Mantebri, in the consulship of Gratian the noble boy and Dagalaifus.>

CJ.10.72.4.1: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.72.4.1: Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Integro igitur singuli anniversario anno transcurso cogantur exponere, quibus titulis suscepta disperserint, ut facilius, si quis in furto fuerit deprehensus, recentem queat redintegrare iacturam. <a 366 d. xv k.Oct.Mantebri gratiano nob. puero et dagalaifo conss.

Therefore, when a full anniversary year has elapsed, let individuals be compelled to set forth under what titles they have disposed of what they received, so that more easily, if anyone should be detected in theft, he may be able to restore the recent loss. <a 366 d. 15 Kal. Oct. Mantebri, with Gratian the noble boy and Dagalaifus as consuls.

CJ.10.72.4.2: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.72.4.2: Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Non perpetui autem exactores teneantur in continuata vexandorum provincialium potestate, veluti concussionum dominatione, sed per annos singulos iudicaria sedulitate mutentur, nisi aut consuetudo civitatis aut raritas ordinis eos per biennium esse compellat. <a 366 d. xv k.Oct.Mantebri gratiano nob. puero et dagalaifo conss.

Let the exactors not be perpetual, being held in a continuous power for vexing the provincials, as though by a domination of concussions (extortions), but let them be changed year by year by judicial assiduity, unless either the custom of the city or the scarcity of the order compels them to be for a biennium. <a 366 on the 15th day before the Kalends of October, at Mantebri, Gratian the noble boy and Dagalaifus, consuls.

CJ.10.72.5: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.72.5: The Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Quotienscumque certa summa solidorum pro tituli qualitate debetur et auri massa transmittitur, in septuaginta duos solidos libra feratur accepta. * valentin. et valens aa. ad geramnianum cometem sacr.

Whenever a fixed sum of solidi is owed according to the quality of the title and a mass of gold is transmitted, let the pound, when accepted, be reckoned at seventy-two solidi. * valentinian and valens, the augusti, to germanianus, the sacred count.

larg. * <a 367 d.Vi id.Ian.Romae lupicino et iovino conss.>

largesses. * <in the year 367, on January 8 at Rome, Lupicinus and Jovinus were consuls.>

CJ.10.72.6: Imperatores Valentinianus, Valens

CJ.10.72.6: The Emperors Valentinian and Valens

Frumenta, quae horreis inferuntur, pro illationis modo ilico apocharum cautionibus adnotentur. non autem oportet in horreis fiscalibus nisi fiscalia frumenta constitui. * valentin.

Grain which is brought into the granaries shall, according to the mode of delivery, be immediately recorded by the acknowledgments of receipts (apochai). It is not proper, moreover, that anything except fiscal grain be placed in the fiscal granaries. * valentin.

et valens aa. ad chilonem. * <a 375 d.V id.April.Treviris post consulatum gratiani a.Iii et equitii vc.>

and valens the augusti to chilo. * <a 375 on the 5th day before the ides of april, at trier, after the consulship of gratian the augustus for the 3rd time and equitius, a most distinguished man.>

CJ.10.72.7: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.72.7: Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Minime diu penes ipsos susceptores maneant facta collatio, sed statim quodcumque a provincialibus fuerit exsolutum sacris thesauris inferatur. * grat. valentin.

By no means let the contribution that has been made remain for long in the hands of the receivers themselves, but immediately whatever has been paid by the provincials shall be brought into the sacred treasuries. * gratian and valentinian.

et theodos. aaa. have hypati carissime nobis.* <a 383 d.Iii k.Mai constantinopoli post consulatum antonii et syargrii.>

and theodosius, the augusti. hail, hypatius, most dear to us.* <a 383 on the 3rd day before the kalends of may at constantinople, after the consulship of antonius and syagrius.>

CJ.10.72.8: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.72.8: Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Exactores vel susceptores in celeberrimo coetu curiae consensu et iudicio omnium sub actorum testificatione firmentur, provinciarumque rectoribus eorum nomina, qui ad publici munus officii editi atque obligati fuerint, innotescant. et animadvertant, quicumque nominaverint, ad discrimen suum universa quae illi gesserint redundare. * valentin.

Exactores or susceptores in the most celebrated assembly of the curia are to be ratified by the consensus and judgment of all under the attestation of the records, and let their names—of those who shall have been appointed and bound to the public duty of the office—be made known to the rectors of the provinces. And let whoever shall have nominated them observe that everything which they shall have done redounds to his own peril. * valentin.

theodos. et arcad. aaa.

theodosius and arcadius, the augusti.

cynegio pp. * <a 386 d.Vi k.Nov.Constantinopoli honorio np.Et euodio conss.>

To Cynegius, Praetorian Prefect. * <in the year 386, on 27 October at Constantinople, in the consulship of Honorius, the most noble boy, and Euodius.>

CJ.10.72.9pr.: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.72.9pr.: Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Modios aeneos atque lapideos cum sextariis atque ponderibus per mansiones singulasque civitates iussimus collocari, ut unusquisque tributarius sub oculis constitutis rerum omnium modis sciat, quid debeat susceptoribus dare : ita ut, si quis susceptorum conditorum modiorum sexagintorumque vel ponderum normam putaverit excedendam, poenam se sciat competentem esse subiturum. * valentin. theodos.

We have ordered bronze and stone modii together with sextarii and weights to be set in place throughout the way-stations and each city, so that every tributary, with the measures of all things set before his eyes, may know what he ought to give to the receivers: in such wise that, if anyone—whether of the receivers or the storekeepers—should think the standard of the modii, the sextarii, or the weights ought to be exceeded, let him know that he will undergo the appropriate penalty. * valentin. theodos.

et arcad. aaa. cynegio pp. * <a 386 d.Iiii k.Dec.Constantinopoli honorio np.Et euodio vc.Conss.

and arcadius, augusti. under the praetorian prefect cynegius. * <a year 386, on the 4th day before the kalends of december, at constantinople, when honorius, a most noble youth, and evodius, a most illustrious man, were consuls.

CJ.10.72.9.1: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.72.9.1: Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Et submotis, quae contra utilitatem populorum omnium hactenus gesta sunt, frumenti quinquagesimas, hordei quadragesimas, vini et laridi vicesimas susceptoribus dari praecipimus. <a 386 d.Iiii k.Dec.Constantinopoli honorio np.Et euodio vc.Conss. >

And, with those measures removed which up to now have been done against the utility of all peoples, we command that the fiftieths of wheat, the fortieths of barley, and the twentieths of wine and lard be given to the receivers. <a 386 on the 4th day before the Kalends of December, at Constantinople, Honorius, a most noble boy, and Evodius, a most distinguished man, consuls. >

CJ.10.72.9.2: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.72.9.2: Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Humanitatis autem necessitate commoti in armeniae susceptionibus longinquitatis causa frumenti et hordei quadragesimas, vini et laridi quintas decimas dari praecipimus. <a 386 d.Iiii k.Dec.Constantinopoli honorio np.Et euodio vc.Conss. >

However, moved by the necessity of humanity, in the tax-collections of Armenia, on account of the remoteness, we order fortieths of grain and barley, and fifteenths of wine and lard to be given. <a 386 d.4 k.Dec.Constantinople Honorius np.and Evodius vc.Consuls. >

CJ.10.72.10: Imperatores Valentinianus, Theodosius, Arcadius

CJ.10.72.10: Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius

Susceptores praesentibus defensoribus et modum iugationis possessorum et species singulas vel earum numerum quantitatemque perscribant. * valentin. theodos.

Let the Susceptors, with the Defenders present, write out in full both the measure of the iugation of the possessors and each several species, or their number and quantity. * Valentinian, Theodosius.

et arcad. aaa. cynegio pp. * <a 389 d.Iiii k.Dec.Constantinopoli timasio et promoto conss.>

and Arcadius, the Augusti. to Cynegius, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 389 on the 4th day before the Kalends of December, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Timasius and Promotus.>

CJ.10.72.11: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.72.11: The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Securitates semel publicatas et gestis lectas vini susceptoribus imputari et coeptam arcae discussionem volumus in apertum quaesita ratione deduci et omnes publicas securitates quae gestis tenentur a susceptoribus accepto ferri. * arcad. et honor.

We want the securities, once published and read in the official acts, to be charged to the wine-tax receivers, and the audit of the treasury chest that has been begun to be brought into the open with the rationale made explicit, and all public securities which are held in the official acts to be entered by the collectors as received. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. benigno vic. urb. romae.

the augusti to benignus, vicar of the city of rome.

* <a 400 d.Vi id.Iun.Mediolani stilichone et aureliano conss.>

* <in the year 400, on June 8 at Milan, with Stilicho and Aurelianus as consuls.>

CJ.10.72.12: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.72.12: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Si aliquid a susceptore vel tabulario fraudis admissum esse possessor deprehendat, nemo eorum semel in interversione convictus id rursus officium gerat, in quo ante decoxit, etsi rescriptum nostrum elicitum clandestina supplicatione tulerit. * arcad. et honor.

If a possessor detects that any fraud has been committed by a susceptor or a tabularius, let none of those, once convicted of interversion (embezzlement), hold again that same office in which he previously defaulted, even if he has produced a rescript of ours elicited by clandestine supplication. * arcadius and honorius.

aa. pompeiano suo salutem. * <a 400 d.Prid.K.Ian.Mediolani stilichone et aureliano conss.>

The Emperors to their Pompeianus, greeting. * <in the year 400, given the day before the Kalends of January, at Milan, in the consulship of Stilicho and Aurelianus.>

CJ.10.72.13pr.: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.72.13pr.: The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Duos tabularios seu numerarios et susceptores totidem per universas provincias oportere constitui clementia nostra praecepit. * arcad. et honor.

Our clemency has prescribed that two tabularii, or numerarii, and just so many susceptores be appointed throughout all the provinces. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. lucio com. sacr. larg.

The Emperors to Lucius, Count of the Sacred Largesses.

* <a 408 d.Vi k.Febr.Basso et philippo conss.>

* <a 408 on the 6th day before the Kalends of February, under Bassus and Philippus, consuls.>

CJ.10.72.13.1: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.72.13.1: The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Scire autem volumus praetorianam amplissimam praefecturam eos, qui aurum largitionale susceperunt, nihil cum arcae ratociniis habere commune, iudices autem provinciarum quinque libris auri multandos et primates officiorum capitali poena plectendos, si hoc non fuerit custoditum. <a 408 d.Vi k.Febr.Basso et philippo conss.>

We wish the most ample Praetorian Prefecture to know that those who have received largitional gold have nothing in common with the coffer’s reckonings; and that the judges of the provinces are to be fined 5 pounds of gold and the chiefs of the offices to be punished with capital penalty, if this shall not have been observed. <a 408, day 6 before the Kalends of February, Bassus and Philippus, consuls.>

CJ.10.72.14pr.: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.72.14pr.: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Humilioribus officiis aut extraordinariis oneribus occupari curiales non patimur , ne publica vacillet utilitas. * honor. et theodos.

We do not allow the curials to be occupied with humbler offices or with extraordinary burdens , lest the public utility waver. * honorius and theodosius.

aa. euchario suo salutem. * <a 412 d.Prid.K.Mart.Ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa.Conss. >

The Augusti to their own Eucharius, greeting. * <a 412 on the day before the Kalends of March, at Ravenna, under the consulship of Honorius for the 9th time and Theodosius for the 5th, the Augusti. >

CJ.10.72.14.1: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.72.14.1: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Susceptionem itaque vestium aequius est ab officio proconsulari vel ab his qui in eodem meruerunt sollemniter procurari. horum namque interest huiusmodi explorare rationem et quaerere qualitatem eorum, quorum ad contuendum cura commodior est. neque enim aequum est, ut ad officium lucra, ad curialem susceptionis tantum damna pertineant.

It is therefore more equitable that the undertaking concerning garments be solemnly procured by the proconsular officium or by those who have served in the same. For it is their concern to explore the ratio of matters of this kind and to inquire into the quality of those things whose supervision is more conveniently in their care to keep under view. For it is not equitable that the profits pertain to the officium, while to the curial of the undertaking there pertain only the losses.

CJ.10.72.14.2: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.72.14.2: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Hanc igitur ab ordinibus iniuriam submovemus, exceptis his, si qui curialium in officio memorato aut militasse aut militare fuerit deprehensus. <a 412 d.Prid.K.Mart.Ravennae honorio viiii et theodosio v aa.Conss. >

Accordingly we remove this injury from the orders, except for those, if any of the curiales shall be found either to have served or to be serving in the aforementioned office. <a year 412, the day before the Kalends of March, at Ravenna, in the consulships of Honorius 9 and Theodosius 5, Augusti. >

CJ.10.72.15pr.: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.72.15pr.: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian

Aurum sive argentum quodcumque a possessore confertur, arcarius vel susceptor accipiat, ita ut provinciae moderator eiusque officium ad crimen suum noverit pertinere, si possessoribus ullum fuerit ex aliqua ponderum iniquitate illatum dispendium. * theodos. et valentin.

Whatever gold or silver is contributed by a possessor, let the treasurer or receiver accept it, in such a way that the governor of the province and his office know that it pertains to their own liability, if any loss has been inflicted upon the possessors by any inequity of weights. * theodos. and valentin.

aa. volusiano pp. * <a 429 d.Iii k.Mart.Ravennae post consulatum felicis et tauri vv.Cc.>

the emperors to Volusianus, praetorian prefect. * <in 429 on the 3rd day before the Kalends of March at Ravenna, after the consulship of Felix and Taurus, most distinguished men.>

CJ.10.72.15.1: Imperatores Theodosius, Valentinianus

CJ.10.72.15.1: The Emperors Theodosius, Valentinian.

Et quidquid ex provinciis ad nostrum dirigetur aerarium, id ad illustres viros aerarii nostri comites ralatione deferatur. <a 429 d.Iii k.Mart.Ravennae post consulatum felicis et tauri vv.Cc.>

And whatever from the provinces shall be directed to our treasury, let it be submitted by report to the illustrious men, the counts of our treasury. <a 429 on the 3rd day before the Kalends of March, at Ravenna, after the consulship of Felix and Taurus, vv. cc.>

CJ.10.73.0. De ponderatoribus et auri illatione.

CJ.10.73.0. On the weighers and the importation of gold.

CJ.10.73.1: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.73.1: Emperor Constantine

Aurum, quod infertur a collatoribus, si quis vel solidos voluerit vel materiam appendere, aequa lance et libramentis paribus suscipiatur. * const. a. ad euphrasium rationalem trium provinciarum.

Gold which is brought in by the contributors, if anyone should wish to weigh either the solidi or the bullion, let it be received with an even scale-pan and equal counterweights. * a constitution to Euphrasius, the rationalis of the three provinces.

* <a 325 pp.Xiiii k.Aug.Paulino et iuliano conss.>

* <in the year 325, published 14 days before the Kalends of August, in the consulship of Paulinus and Julianus.>

CJ.10.73.2: Imperator Julianus

CJ.10.73.2: Emperor Julian

Quotiens de qualitate solidorum orta fuerit dubitatio, placet quem sermo graecus appellat per singulas civitates constitutum zygostaten, qui pro sua fide atque industria neque fallat neque fallatur, contentionem dirimere. * iul. a. ad mamaertinum pp. * <a 363 d.Viiii k.Mai.Salonae iuliano a.Iiii et sallustio conss.>

As often as a doubt shall have arisen about the quality of solidi, it is our pleasure that the official whom the Greek language calls a zygostates, appointed in each city, who by his good faith and diligence neither deceives nor is deceived, should resolve the dispute. * Julian Augustus to Mamaertinus, Praetorian Prefect. * <a 363 on the 9th day before the Kalends of May, at Salona, in the consulship of Julian, Augustus, for the 4th time, and Sallustius.>

CJ.10.74.0. De auri publici prosecutoribus.

CJ.10.74.0. On prosecutors of the public gold.

CJ.10.74.1pr.: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.74.1pr.: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Auri prosecutores partim nulla praemissa, ut adsolet, prosecutoria aurum praesumunt, partim diutius retentant, quod statim fuerat adsignandum. * honor. et theodos.

The gold prosecutors, some, with no prosecutorial letter having been sent ahead, as is customary, presume to take the gold; others hold back for too long what ought to have been assigned at once. * honorius and theodosius.

aa. antehmio pp. * <a 409 d.Xiii k.Aug.Honorio viii et theodosio iii aa.Conss.>

the emperors to Anthemius, praetorian prefect. * <in 409, on the 13th day before the Kalends of August, in the consulship of the Emperors Honorius (8) and Theodosius (3).>

CJ.10.74.1.1: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.74.1.1: The Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Ideoque censemus, ne quis absque praecepto viri illustris comitis sacrarum largitionum vel coquendum aurum sumat vel capiat deinceps retinendum. <a 409 d.Xiii k.Aug.Honorio viii et theodosio iii aa.Conss.>

And therefore we decree that no one, without the precept of the illustrious man, the Count of the Sacred Largesses, either take gold to be smelted or take it henceforth to be retained. <a 409 d.13 k.Aug.Honorio 8 et theodosio 3 aa.Conss.>

CJ.10.75.0. De his quae ex publica collatione illata sunt non usurpandis.

CJ.10.75.0. On not usurping those things which have been brought in from a public contribution.

CJ.10.75.1: Imperator Constantinus

CJ.10.75.1: Emperor Constantine

Nullus iudicum id, quod a re publica ex collatione susceperit, mutui interventione opposita vel invadat vel conetur invadere. * const. a. * <a 325 d.Prid.Non.Mart.Treviris paulino et iuliano conss.>

None of the judges shall, by setting up the interposition of a loan, either seize or attempt to seize that which he has received from the commonwealth by way of contribution. * Constantine Augustus. * <a 325, on the day before the Nones of March, at Trier, when Paulinus and Julianus were consuls.>

CJ.10.75.2: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.75.2: Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Nullus penitus ex eo, quod refertur in conditis vel in arca continetur, ad quemlibet titulum usurpet, nisi forte praesumendi facultatem sublimium potestatum iussione perceperit. * grat. valentin.

Let no one at all usurp, under any title, that which is recorded among the deposits or is contained in the chest, unless perhaps he has received the faculty of presuming by the command of the supreme powers. * grat. valentin.

et theodos. aaa. palladio.

and Theodosius, the Augusti, to Palladius.

* <a 382 d.Iii id.April.Constantinopoli antonio et syagrio conss.>

* <in the year 382, on the 3rd day before the Ides of April, at Constantinople, antonius and syagrius consuls.>

CJ.10.75.3: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.75.3: The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Sciant iudices nihil sibi ex privatae rei canone vel ex eo, quod ex isdem titulis exegerint, ad necessitates alias transferre licere, nisi malint gravissima severitate suam licentiam coerceri. * arcad. et honor.

Let the judges know that it is not permitted for them to transfer anything for themselves from the canon of private property or from that which they have exacted from the same titles to other necessities, unless they prefer that their license be constrained by the gravest severity. * arcad. et honor.

aa. messalae pp. * <a 399 d.Xvi k.Iun.Mediolani theodoro cons.>

The Emperors to Messala, Praetorian Prefect. * <year 399, on the 16th day before the Kalends of June (May 17), at Milan, under the consulship of Theodorus.>

CJ.10.76.0. De auro coronario.

CJ.10.76.0. On crown-gold.

CJ.10.76.1: Imperatores Gratianus, Valentinianus, Theodosius

CJ.10.76.1: The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, Theodosius

Ad collationem auri coronarii placuit neminem absque consuetudine esse cogendum. * grat. valentin.

It has been decided that no one is to be compelled to the contribution of coronary gold except according to custom. * grat. valentin.

et theodos. aaa. cynegio pp. * <a 384 d.Xv k.Febr.Constantinopoli ricomere et clearcho conss.>

and theodosius, the most august, to Cynegius, Praetorian Prefect. * <a in the year 384, on the 15th day before the Kalends of February, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Ricomer and Clearchus.>

CJ.10.77.0. De irenarchis.

CJ.10.77.0. On irenarchs.

CJ.10.77.1: Imperatores Honorius, Theodosius

CJ.10.77.1: Emperors Honorius, Theodosius

Irenarchae, qui ad provinciarum tutelam quietis ac pacis per singula territoria faciunt stare concordiam, a decurionibus iudicio praesidum provinciarum idonei nominentur. * honor. et theodos.

Irenarchs, who, for the protection of the provinces, maintain concord in quiet and peace throughout each territory, are to be nominated as suitable by the decurions, in the judgment of the governors of the provinces. * honor. and theodos.

aa. antehmio pp. * <a 409 d.Viii k.Ian.Constantinopoli honorio viii et theodosio iii aa.Conss.>

the emperors to Anthemius, praetorian prefect. * <a 409 on the 8th day before the Kalends of January, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Honorius 8 and Theodosius 3, emperors, consuls.>

CJ.10.78.0. De argenti pretio quod thesauris infertur.

CJ.10.78.0. On the price of silver which is brought into the treasuries.

CJ.10.78.1: Imperatores Arcadius, Honorius

CJ.10.78.1: Emperors Arcadius, Honorius

Iubemus, ut pro argenti summa, quam quis thesauris fuerat illaturus, inferendi auri accipiat facultatem, ita ut pro singulis libris argenti quinos solidos inferat. * arcad. et honor.

We order that, for the sum of silver which anyone had been about to bring into the treasuries, he may receive the faculty of bringing in gold, so that for each pound of silver he bring in five solidi. * Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. eutychiano pp. * <a 397 d.Xi k.Mart.Constantinopoli caesario et attico conss.>

the emperors to Eutychianus, praetorian prefect. * <a 397 on the 11th day before the Kalends of March at Constantinople, Caesarius and Atticus, consuls.>