Theodosius: Liber I

CTh.1.1.0. De constitutionibus principum et edictis
CTh.1.2.0. De diversis rescriptis
CTh.1.3.0. [=brev.1.3.0.] De mandatis principum.
CTh.1.4.0. De responsis prudentum
CTh.1.5.0. De officio praefectorum praetorio
CTh.1.6.0. De officio praefecti urbis
CTh.1.7.0. De officio magistri militum
CTh.1.8.0. De officio quaestoris
CTh.1.9.0. De officio magistri officiorum
CTh.1.10.0. De officio comitis sacrarum largitionum
CTh.1.11.0. De officio comitis rei privatae
CTh.1.12.0. De officio proconsulis et legati
CTh.1.13.0. De officio comitis orientis
CTh.1.14.0. De officio praefecti augustalis
CTh.1.15.0. De officio vicarii
CTh.1.16.0. De officio rectoris provinciae
CTh.1.17.0. De officio rationalis summarum et rei privatae
CTh.1.18.0. De officio praefecti vigilum
CTh.1.19.0. De officio tribuni voluptatum
CTh.1.20.0. [=brev.1.7.0.] De officio iudicum civilium.
CTh.1.21.0. [=brev.1.8.0.] De officio iudicum militarium.

CTh.1.1.0. On the constitutions of the princes and edicts
CTh.1.2.0. On diverse rescripts
CTh.1.3.0. [=brev.1.3.0.] On mandates of the princes.
CTh.1.4.0. On responses of the jurists
CTh.1.5.0. On the office of the praetorian prefects
CTh.1.6.0. On the office of the prefect of the city
CTh.1.7.0. On the office of the master of the soldiers
CTh.1.8.0. On the office of the quaestor
CTh.1.9.0. On the office of the master of the offices
CTh.1.10.0. On the office of the count of the sacred largesses
CTh.1.11.0. On the office of the count of the private estate
CTh.1.12.0. On the office of the proconsul and the legate
CTh.1.13.0. On the office of the count of the East
CTh.1.14.0. On the office of the Augustal prefect
CTh.1.15.0. On the office of the vicar
CTh.1.16.0. On the office of the rector of the province
CTh.1.17.0. On the office of the rationalis of the sums and of the private estate
CTh.1.18.0. On the office of the prefect of the watch
CTh.1.19.0. On the office of the tribune of the pleasures
CTh.1.20.0. [=brev.1.7.0.] On the office of the civil judges.
CTh.1.21.0. [=brev.1.8.0.] On the office of the military judges.

CTh.1.22.0. De officio iudicum omnium
CTh.1.27.0. De episcopali definitione
CTh.1.28.0. De defensoribus senatus.
CTh.1.29.0. De defensoribus civitatum
CTh.1.30.0. De curatoribus civitatum
CTh.1.31.0. De administratiunculis intra urbem
CTh.1.32.0. De procuratoribus gynaecei et metallorum
CTh.1.33.0. De primiceriis
CTh.1.34.0. De adsessoribus, domesticis et cancellariis

CTh.1.22.0. On the office of all judges
CTh.1.27.0. On the episcopal definition
CTh.1.28.0. On the defenders of the Senate.
CTh.1.29.0. On the defenders of the cities
CTh.1.30.0. On the curators of the cities
CTh.1.31.0. On the minor administrations within the city
CTh.1.32.0. On the procurators of the gynaeceum and of the mines
CTh.1.33.0. On the primicerii
CTh.1.34.0. On assessors, domestics, and chancellors

CTh.1.1.0. De constitutionibus principum et edictis

CTh.1.1.0. On the constitutions of the emperors and the edicts

CTh.1.1.1 [=brev.1.1.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad lusitanos. si qua posthac edicta sive constitutiones sine die et consule fuerint deprehensa, auctoritate careant.

the emperor constantine augustus to the lusitanians. if any edicts or constitutions hereafter shall be found without date and consul, let them be without authority.

dat. vii. kal.

Dated on the 7th day before the Kalends.

aug. sabariae, probiano et iuliano vv. cc. coss.

august, at sabaria, probianus and julianus, most distinguished men, consuls.

interpretatio. quaecumque* leges sine die et consule fuerint prolatae, non valeant

interpretation. whatever* laws shall have been prolated without the day and the consul, let them not be valid

CTh.1.1.2 [=brev.1.1.2]

Imppp. valentin., theodos. et arcad.

The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius.

aaa. flaviano pf. p. illyrici et italiae. perpensas serenitatis nostrae longa deliberatione constitutiones nec ignorare quemquam, nec dissimulare permittimus.

the augusti to flavianus, praetorian prefect of illyricum and italy. having weighed with long deliberation the constitutions of our serenity, we permit no one either to be ignorant or to dissemble.

dat. vi. kal. iun.

given on the 6th day before the kalends of june.

vincentiae, tatiano et symmacho coss.

at Vicentia, Tatianus and Symmachus consuls.

interpretatio. leges nescire nulli liceat, aut quae sunt statuta contemnere

interpretation. let it be permitted to no one to be ignorant of the laws, or to contemn the statutes

CTh.1.1.3 [=brev.1.1.3]

Iidem aaa. aureliano pf. u. omnia constituta non praeteritis calumniam faciunt, sed futuris regulam ponunt. dat.

The same Augusti to Aurelianus, Prefect of the City: All constitutions do not inflict a calumny upon things past, but set a rule for things future. Given.

iii. kal. mart.

3rd day before the Kalends of March.

constantinopoli, d.N. theodos. a. iii. et abundantio v.C. coss.

At Constantinople, in the consulship of our lord Theodosius Augustus (for the 3rd time) and Abundantius, a most illustrious man.

interpretatio. omnes leges non ea, quae anteriore tempore acta sunt, damnant, sed in futurum observanda constituunt

interpretation. all laws do not condemn the things which were done at an earlier time, but establish what is to be observed for the future

CTh.1.1.4 [=brev.1.1.4]

Iidem aaa. victorio proconsuli asiae. generale praeceptum beneficio speciali anteferendum est.

The same emperors to Victorius, proconsul of Asia. A general precept is to be preferred to a special benefit.

dat. xii. kal.

given on the 12th day before the Kalends.

sept. constantinopoli, theodos. a. iii.

sept., at constantinople, theodosius augustus, 3.

et abundantio v.C. coss.

and Abundantius, a most distinguished man, consuls.

interpretatio. legem, quae communiter omnes tenet, unius persona vel una causa non vacuet

interpretation. a law, which in common holds all, should not be vacated by the person of one or by a single cause

CTh.1.1.5

Theodosian Code 1.1.5

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. ad senatum. ad similitudinem gregoriani atque hermogeniani codicis cunctas colligi constitutiones decernimus, quas constantinus inclitus et post eum divi principes nosque tulimus, edictorum viribus aut sacra generalitate subnixas.

The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian, Augusti, to the Senate. After the likeness of the Gregorian and Hermogenian Code, we decree that all constitutions be collected which Constantine the illustrious, and after him the deified princes, and we ourselves have promulgated, supported by the force of edicts or by sacred generality.

et primum tituli, que negotiorum sunt certa vocabula, separandi ita sunt, ut, si capitulis diversis expressis ad plures titulos constitutio una pertineat, quod ubique aptum est, collocetur; dein, quod in utramque dici partem faciet varietas, lectionum probetur ordine non solum reputatis consulibus et tempore quaesito imperii, sed ipsius etiam compositione operis validiora esse, quae sunt posteriora, monstrante; post haec, ut constitutionum ipsa etiam verba, quae ad rem pertinent, reserventur, praetermissis illis, quae sanciendae rei non ex ipsa necessitate adiuncta sunt. sed cum simplicius iustiusque sit praetermissis eis, quas posteriores infirmant, explicari solas, quas valere conveniet, hunc quidem codicem et priores diligentioribus compositos cognoscamus, quorum scholasticae intentioni tribuitur nosse etiam illa, quae mandata silentio in desuetudinem abierunt, pro sui tantum temporis negotiis valitura. ex his autem tribus codicibus, et per singulos titulos cohaerentibus prudentium tractatibus et responsis, eorundem opera, qui tertium ordinabunt, noster erit alius, qui nullum errorem, nullas patietur ambages, qui nostro nomine nuncupatus sequenda omnibus vitandaque monstrabit.

and first, the titles, which are the fixed vocabula of affairs, are to be separated in such a way that, if with distinct capitula set out a single constitution pertains to several titles, it be collocated where it is apt everywhere; then, where a varietas will allow the matter to be said either way, the ordo of the lectiones is to be approved not only with the consuls reckoned and the time of the imperium ascertained, but also with the compositio of the work itself showing that the things which are later are stronger; after these, that the very verba of the constitutions which pertain to the matter be preserved, with those passed over which are not joined from the very necessitas to the thing to be sanctioned. But since it is simpler and more just, with those omitted which later ones invalidate, that only those be set forth which it will be agreed are to have force, let us understand that this code indeed, and the earlier ones, have been composed for the more diligent, to whose scholastic intentio it is attributed to know even those things which, consigned to silence, have gone into desuetude, to be of force only for the negocios of their own time. Moreover, from these three codes, and, through the several titles, with the cohaerent tractatus and responsa of the prudent, by the work of those same men who will arrange the third, there will be another of ours, which will suffer no error, no ambages, which, named by our name, will show to all what is to be followed and what avoided.

ad tanti consummationem operis et contexendos codices - quorum primus omni generalium constitutionum diversitate collecta nullaque extra se, quam iam proferri liceat, praetermissa inanem verborum copiam recusabit, alter omni iuris diversitate exclusa magisterium vitae suscipiet - deligendi viri sunt singularis fidei, limatioris ingenii; qui, cum primum codicem nostrae scientiae et publicae auctoritati obtulerint, adgredientur alium, donec dignus editione fuerit, pertractandum. electos vestra amplitudo cognoscat: antiochum virum illustrem, exquaestore et praefectum elegimus, antiochum virum illustrem quaestorem sacri palatii, theodorum virum spectabilem comitem et magistrum memoriae, eudicium et eusebium viros spectabiles magistros scriniorum, iohannem virum spectabilem ex comite nostri sacrarii, comazontem atque eubulum viros spectabiles ex magistris scriniorum et apellem virum disertissimum scholasticum. hos a nostra perennitate electos eruditissimum quemque adhibituros esse confidimus, ut communi studio vitae ratione deprehensa iura excludantur fallacia.

for the consummation of so great a work and for weaving together the codes — of which the first, with every diversity of general constitutions collected and with nothing outside itself omitted that it is now permitted to bring forth, will refuse an empty abundance of words, the other, with every diversity of law excluded, will undertake the magisterium of life — men are to be chosen of singular fidelity, of more polished ingenium; who, when they shall have presented the first code to our knowledge and to public authority, will set upon the other, to be thoroughly treated until it shall be worthy of edition. let your amplitude recognize those chosen: we have selected antiochum, an illustrious man, a former quaestor and prefect; antiochum, an illustrious man, quaestor of the sacred palace; theodorum, a man of spectabilis rank, count and master of the memorials; eudicium and eusebium, men of spectabilis rank, masters of the scrinia; iohannem, a man of spectabilis rank, former count of our sacrarium; comazontem and eubulum, men of spectabilis rank, former masters of the scrinia; and apellem, a most eloquent scholastic. we are confident that these, chosen by our perennity, will bring in each most erudite person, so that, with the reason of life apprehended by common zeal, deceits may be excluded from the laws.

in futurum autem si quid promulgari placuerit, ita in coniunctissimi parte alia valebit imperii, ut non fide dubia nec privata adsertione nitatur, sed ex qua parte fuerit constitutum, cum sacris transmittatur adfatibus in alterius quoque recipiendum scriniis et cum edictorum sollemnitate vulgandum. missum enim suscipi et indubitanter optinere conveniet, emendandi vel revocandi potestate nostrae clementiae reservata. declarari autem invicem oportebit nec admittenda aliter.

But for the future, if it shall have pleased that anything be promulgated, thus it shall have force in the other part of the most closely conjoined empire, such that it rest neither on doubtful faith nor on a private assertion, but from whichever part it has been constituted, let it be transmitted with sacred addresses to be received also in the scrinia of the other and to be published with the solemnity of edicts. For what has been sent it will be fitting to receive and to obtain indubitably, the power of emending or revoking being reserved to our clemency. Moreover, it ought to be declared in turn, nor are they to be admitted otherwise.

et cetera. dat. vii kal.

Et cetera. Given on the 7th before the Kalends.

april. constantinopoli florentio et dionysio conss. (429 mart.

april. at constantinople, with florentius and dionysius as consuls. (429 march.

26).

CTh.1.1.6pr.

CTh.1.1.6pref.

Idem aa. omnes edictales generalesque constitutiones vel in certis provinciis seu locis valere aut proponi iussae, quas divus constantinus posterioresque principes ac nos tulimus, indicibus rerum titulis distinguantur, ita ut non solum consulum dierumque supputatione, sed etiam ordine compositionis apparere possint novissimae. ac si qua earum in plura sit divisa capita, unumquodque eorum, diiunctum a ceteris apto subiciatur titulo et circumcisis ex quaque constitutione ad vim sanctionis non pertinentibus solum ius relinquatur. (435 dec.

The same emperors: let all edictal and general constitutions, or those ordered to be in force or to be posted in certain provinces or places, which the deified Constantine and later princes and we have issued, be distinguished by titles in the indices of matters, so that the most recent may be able to appear not only by the reckoning of consuls and of days, but also by the order of composition. And if any of them has been divided into several chapters, each one of them, separated from the others, shall be set under a fitting title, and, with whatever in each constitution does not pertain to the force of the sanction cut away, only the law shall be left. (435 Dec.

20).

CTh.1.1.6.1

Quod ut brevitate constrictum claritate luceat, adgressuris hoc opus et demendi supervacanea verba et adiciendi necessaria et demutandi ambigua et emendandi incongrua tribuimus potestatem, scilicet ut his modis unaquaeque illustrata constitutio emineat. (435 dec. 20).

That, so that, though constrained by brevity, it may shine with clarity, we grant to those who are undertaking this work the authority to remove superfluous words, to add necessary ones, to change ambiguities, and to emend incongruities, namely that by these methods each constitution, illuminated, may stand out. (December 20, 435).

CTh.1.1.6.2

Erunt contextores huius theodosiani codicis antiochus amplissimus adque gloriosissimus praefectorius ac consularis eubulus illustris ac magnificus comes et quaestor noster maximinus vir illustris insignibus quaestoriae dignitatis ornatus; sperantius, martyrius, alypius, sebastianus, apollodorus, theodorus, eron spectabiles comites consistoriani maximinus, epigenes, diodorus, procopius spectabiles comites et magistri sacrorum scriniorum; erotius vir spectabilis ex vicariis iuris doctor; neoterius vir spectabilis ex.... (435 dec. 20).

The compilers of this Theodosian Code will be antiochus, a most ample and most glorious praefectorial and consular; and eubulus, illustrious and magnificent, count and our quaestor; maximinus, a man of illustrious rank, adorned with the insignia of quaestorian dignity; sperantius, martyrius, alypius, sebastianus, apollodorus, theodorus, eron, spectable counts of the consistorium; maximinus, epigenes, diodorus, procopius, spectable counts and masters of the sacred scrinia; erotius, a spectable man, from the vicarii, a doctor of law; neoterius, a spectable man from.... (435 dec. 20).

CTh.1.1.6.3

Quorum si quis aut humano praepeditus casu aut aliqua rei publicae detentus sollicitudine ab iniuncto fuerit abstractus negotio, alius in locum eius, si ita fuerit visum, nostro substituetur arbitrio; ut absolutionem codicis in omnibus negotiis iudiciisque valituri nullumque extra se novellae constitutioni locum relicturi, nisi quae post editionem huius fuerit promulgata, nullum possit inhibere obstaculum. dat. xiii k. ian.

Of whom, if anyone, either impeded by a human mishap or detained by some solicitude of the commonwealth, shall have been drawn away from the enjoined business, another in his place, if it shall have seemed so, will be substituted by our discretion; so that the completion of the Code may be valid in all affairs and judgments, and may leave no place outside itself for a novel constitution, unless one that shall have been promulgated after the publication of this, and that no obstacle may be able to inhibit it. Given on the 13th day before the Kalends of January.

constantinopoli, dd. nn. theodosio a. xv et valentiniano iiii a. conss. (435 dec. 20).

at Constantinople, our lords Theodosius, Augustus, consul for the 15th time, and Valentinian, Augustus, consuls. (December 20, 435).

CTh.1.2.0. De diversis rescriptis

CTh.1.2.0. On diverse rescripts

CTh.1.2.1

Imp. constantinus a. iulio antiocho praefecto vigilum. annotationes nostras sine rescriptione admitti non placet, ideoque officium gravitatis tuae observet, sicut semper est custoditum, ut rescripta vel epistulas potius nostras quam adnotationes solas existimes audiendas.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Julius Antiochus, Prefect of the Watch. It does not please (us) that our annotations be admitted without a rescript, and therefore let the office of Your Gravity observe, as it has always been kept, that you deem our rescripts or epistles rather than annotations alone to be heard.

dat. iii k. ian. treviris volusiano et anniano conss.

given on the 3rd day before the kalends of january at trier, with volusianus and annianus as consuls.

(314 [?] dec. 30).

CTh.1.2.2 [=brev.1.2.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad populum. contra ius rescripta non valeant, quocumque* modo fuerint impetrata.

The Emperor Constantine Augustus to the People. Rescripts contrary to law shall not be valid, in whatever* way they may have been obtained.

quod enim publica iura praescribunt, magis sequi iudices debent. pp. iv. kal. sept.

For judges ought rather to follow what the public laws prescribe. Posted on August 29.

romae, constantino a. iv. et licinio iv. caes. coss.

at rome, in the consulship of constantine augustus 4 and licinius caesar 4, consuls.

interpretatio. quaecumque* contra leges a principibus fuerint obtenta, non valeant

interpretation. quaecumque* whatever things that have been obtained by princes against the laws shall not be valid

CTh.1.2.3

Theodosian Code 1.2.3

Idem a. septimio basso praefecto urbi. ubi rigorem iuris placare aut lenire specialiter exoramur, id observetur, ut rescripta ante edictum propositum impetrata suam habeant firmitatem, nec rescripto posteriore derogetur priori. quae vero postea sunt elicita, nullum robur habeant, nisi consentanea sint legibus publicis; maxime cum inter aequitatem iusque interpositam interpretationem, nobis solis et oporteat et liceat inspicere.

The same Augustus to Septimius Bassus, Prefect of the City. Where we are specially petitioned to placate or to soften the rigor of the law, let this be observed: that rescripts obtained before the promulgated edict shall have their own firmness, nor shall a later rescript derogate from a prior one. But those which are elicited afterward shall have no force, unless they are consonant with the public laws; especially since it both ought to be and is permitted for us alone to look into the interpretation interposed between equity and law.

dat. iii non. decemb.

given on December 3.

sabino et rufino conss. (316 [immo 317/8] dec. 3).

Sabinus and Rufinus, consuls. (316 [rather 317/8] dec. 3).

CTh.1.2.4 [=brev.1.2.2]

Codex Theodosianus 1.2.4 [=Breviarium 1.2.2]

Idem a. crepereio donatiano. rescripta, quibus usi non fuerint, qui in fata concedunt, heredes possunt allegare, ut congrue impetrata successoribus emolumenta conquirantur. pp. id. dec.

The same emperor to Crepereius Donatianus. Rescripts which those who pass away have not made use of may be alleged by the heirs, so that the emoluments impetrated in due form may be acquired for the successors. Posted on December 13.

constantino a. v. et licinio v. caes. coss.

under Constantine, Augustus, for the 5th time, and Licinius, Caesar, for the 5th time, consuls.

interpretatio. beneficia principum, quae illi, qui meruerunt, interveniente morte, non fuerint consecuti, successoribus eorum exsequi liceat, ut beneficia heredes ab auctoribus suis impetrata percipiant

interpretation. the benefices of princes, which those who have merited them, with death intervening, have not attained, let it be permitted to their successors to pursue, so that the heirs may receive the benefices obtained from their authors (grantors)

CTh.1.2.5 [=brev.1.2.3]

Theodosian Code 1.2.5 [=brev.1.2.3]

Idem a. severo pf. u. quoties rescripto nostro praeiudicium vel moratoria praescriptio remittitur, aditus supplicandi pandatur: quod autem totius negotii cognitionem tollit et vires principalis negotii exhaurit, sine gravi partis alterius dispendio convelli non potest. nec praescriptionis igitur peremptoriae* relaxatio petatur, nec contra edictum supplicetur. dat.

The same Emperor to Severus, Prefect of the City. Whenever by our rescript a prejudgment or a moratory prescription is remitted, the avenue of supplication shall be opened: but that which removes the hearing of the whole matter and exhausts the force of the principal suit cannot be undone without serious loss to the other party. Therefore let neither a relaxation of the peremptory* prescription be sought, nor let there be supplication against the edict. Given.

x. kal. iun. nicaeae, paulino et iuliano vv. cc. coss.

on may 23, at nicaea, in the consulship of paulinus and julian, most distinguished men.

interpretatio. moratoria praescriptio dicitur, quae causam prolongat, id est, quando induciae a litigatore petuntur a principe: peremptoria*, quae causam principalem tollit, id est, si litigator beneficio principis sine iudicio causam velit exstingui. et ideo moratoria praescriptio per rescriptum principis supplicantibus concedi potest; peremptoria* concedi non potest, et si concessa fuerit a principe, non valebit

interpretation. moratory prescription is so called, which prolongs the cause, that is, when a respite is sought by a litigant from the emperor: peremptory*, which removes the principal cause, that is, if a litigant, by the benefit of the emperor, should wish the cause to be extinguished without judgment. And therefore a moratory prescription can be granted by a rescript of the emperor to petitioners; a peremptory* cannot be granted, and if it has been granted by the emperor, it will not be valid

CTh.1.2.6 [=brev.1.2.4]

Idem a. ad barbarum pompeianum consularem campaniae. etsi non cognitio, sed exsecutio mandatur, de veritate precum inquiri oportet, ut, si fraus intervenit, de omni negotio cognoscatur. dat.

the same augustus to barbarus pompeianus, consularis of campania. although not inquiry but execution is mandated, it is proper that inquiry be made about the truth of the petitions, so that, if fraud has intervened, cognizance may be taken of the whole business. given.

iii. id. nov. aquis, dalmatio et zenophilo vv. cc. coss.

on the 3rd day before the ides of november, at aquae, dalmatius and zenophilus, most distinguished men, consuls.

interpretatio. quicquid non vera, sed falsa petitio a principe obtinuerit, quia fraus intervenit, non valebit

interpretation. whatever a false rather than a true petition shall have obtained from the emperor, because fraud has intervened, will not be valid

CTh.1.2.7 [=brev.1.2.5]

Idem a. et iulianus caesar ad taurum pf. p. mulctabuntur iudices, qui rescripta contempserint* aut distulerint. dat. iii.

the same augustus and julian caesar to taurus, praetorian prefect. judges shall be mulcted who have contemned* or deferred rescripts. given on the 3rd.

non. iul. mediolano, constantio a. viii.

on the nones of july, at milan, in the 8th consulship of constantius augustus.

et iuliano caes. coss.

and Julian Caesar, consuls.

interpretatio. feriantur iudices damno, qui data secundum leges principis praecepta contempserint* aut colludio quocumque* distulerint

interpretation. let judges be smitten with a penalty, who have despised the precepts given according to the emperor’s laws* or have deferred them by any collusion*

CTh.1.2.8 [=brev.1.2.6]

Imppp. grat., valentin. et theodos.

the emperors grat., valentin., and theodos.

aaa. floro pf. p. universa rescripta, quae in debitorum causis super praestandis dilationibus impetrata sunt, rescindantur, cum sit acerbius perurgendus, qui, mansuetudinis nostrae pudore fatigato, non quid utilitatibus publicis, sed quid suis fraudibus conveniret, adspexit. dat.

the augusti. to Florus, Praetorian Prefect. let all rescripts, which in debtors’ cases have been obtained concerning the granting of delays, be rescinded, since he must be more sharply pressed who, with the modesty of our clemency wearied, considered not what suited the public advantages, but what suited his own frauds. given.

viii. kal. mart.

8th day before the Kalends of March.

constantinopoli, antonio et syagrio vv. cc. coss.

at constantinople, in the consulship of antonius and syagrius, most illustrious men, consuls.

interpretatio. si cuiuslibet rei debitor convictus, propter differendam solutionem a principe inducias impetraverit, beneficium, quod obtinuerit, non valebit, sed cautionem suam implere cogatur

interpretation. if a debtor of any matter, having been convicted, has obtained a reprieve from the emperor for the sake of delaying payment, the benefit which he has obtained will not be valid, but he shall be compelled to fulfill his bond

CTh.1.2.9

Idem aaa. principio praefecto praetorio. in fraudem annonariae rei ac devotionis publicae elicitum damnabili subreptione rescriptum, manifestum est vires non posse sortiri.

The same Augusti, to Principius, the Praetorian Prefect. A rescript elicited by damnable subreption, in fraud of the annona and of public devotion, is manifestly not able to acquire force.

circa omnes igitur par atque aequalis illationis forma teneatur. dat. viii kalend.

Therefore, as regards all, a like and equal form of levy shall be maintained. Given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

octob. aquileiae arcadio a. i et bautone v. c. conss.

in october at aquileia, when arcadius, junior augustus, and bauto, a most illustrious man, were consuls.

interpretatio. si quis principis beneficio impetraverit, ut cum reliquis possessoribus tributa non solvat, haec impetratio penitus non valebit: circa omnes enim possessores leges aequalem illationis formam servare praecipiunt. (385 sept. 24)

interpretation. if anyone shall have obtained by the prince’s benefice that he not pay tributes with the other possessors, this impetration will be utterly of no force: for toward all possessors the laws prescribe that an equal form of imposition be observed. (385 Sept. 24)

CTh.1.2.10 [=brev.1.2.7]

Impp. arcad. et honor.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius.

aa. remigio pf. augustali. dubium non est, contestationem intelligi etiam, si nostrae fuerint tranquillitati preces oblatae, easque adversus heredem quoque eius, in quem porrectae sunt, vel ab herede eius, qui meruerit, exerceri. nam sicut ex causis numerosis etiam haec actio transmittitur ad heredem, quae testatori competiisse monstratur, sic et e diverso definitione iuris consultorum omnium consona responsione firmatur, ab herede actionem non incipere, quae non competierit testatori.

the emperors to Remigius, Augustal Prefect. It is not doubtful that contestation is understood even if petitions have been offered to Our Tranquillity, and that they are to be exercised both against the heir of him to whom they were proffered, and by the heir of him who has deserved it. For just as from numerous causes this action also is transmitted to the heir, being shown to have been competent to the testator, so conversely, by the definition of all the jurisconsults, confirmed by a consonant response, it is established that an action does not begin from the heir which was not competent to the testator.

dat. iii. kal.

dated the 3rd day before the Kalends.

april. constantinopoli, arcadio iv. et honorio iii. aa. coss.

april. at constantinople, arcadius for the 4th time and honorius for the 3rd time, the augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. si quis principi de negotio suo preces obtulerit, litem contestatus esse cognoscitur. et si defunctus fuerit is, qui preces obtulerit, vel is, contra quem obtulit, actio et heredibus defuncti et contra heredes pulsati salva permaneat: quia causa actione contestata, ea, quae competebat defuncto, competit et heredi. si vero auctor quolibet ordine repetitionem suam praesens non publicaverit, heres eius, unde auctor actionem non proposuit, agere prohibetur

interpretation. if anyone shall have presented petitions to the princeps concerning his own business, he is recognized to have contested the suit. And if the one who presented the petitions shall have died, or the one against whom he presented them, the action remains safe both for the heirs of the deceased and against the heirs of the one sued: because, the cause with the action having been contested, those things which were competent to the deceased are likewise competent to the heir. But if the author, being present, in whatever order, shall not have published his recovery-claim, his heir is prohibited to sue in respect of that in which the author did not put forward the action.

CTh.1.2.11

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. eutychiano praefecto praetorio. rescripta ad consultationem emissa vel emittenda, in futurum his tantum negotiis opitulentur, quibus effusa docebuntur.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Eutychianus, Praetorian Prefect. Rescripts issued or to be issued upon consultation shall in future assist only those matters for which they will be shown to have been published.

et cetera. dat. viii id. decemb.

etcetera. given on the 8th day before the ides of december.

constantinopoli honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss. (398 dec. 6).

at constantinople, honorius augustus for the 4th time and eutychianus, consuls. (398 dec. 6).

CTh.1.2.12

Theodosian Code 1.2.12

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. iohanni praefecto praetorio. post alia.

The Emperors honorius and theodosius, Augusti, to john, praetorian prefect. after other things.

nulli habetur ambiguum etiam ab heredibus et pro heredibus posse scripta nostri numinis allegari nec excludi temporibus nec aboleri casibus impetratum. et cetera. dat.

to no one is it held ambiguous that even by heirs and on behalf of heirs the writings of our numen can be alleged, nor be excluded by time-limits, nor be abolished by contingencies as to what has been obtained. and the rest. given.

xiii kal. mart. ravenna post consulatum honorii viiii et theodosii v aa. (413 febr.

13 days before the Kalends of march. ravenna after the consulship of honorius for the 9th time and of theodosius for the 5th, augusti. (413 febr.

17).

CTh.1.3.0. [=brev.1.3.0.] De mandatis principum.

CTh.1.3.0. [=brev.1.3.0.] On the mandates of the emperors.

CTh.1.3.1 [=brev.1.3.1]

Imppp. grat., valentin. et theodos.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius.

aaa. ad eusignium proconsulem africae. si quis asserat, cum mandatis nostris se venire secretis, omnes sciant, nemini quicquam, nisi quod scriptis probaverit, esse credendum, nec ullius dignitate terreri, sive ille tribuni sive notarii sive comitis praeferat potestatem, sed sacras nostras literas esse credendas.

aaa. to Eusignius, proconsul of Africa. If anyone should assert that he comes with our secret mandates, let all know that nothing is to be believed to anyone, except what he has proved by writings, nor to be terrified by the dignity of anyone, whether he displays the authority of a tribune or a notary or a count, but that our sacred letters are to be believed.

dat. xv. kal. iul.

dated 15 days before the Kalends of July.

verona. accepta prid. kal.

verona. received on the day before the Kalends of July.

aug. merobaude iterum et saturnino coss.

Under the Augusti, with Merobaudes, for the second time, and Saturninus as consuls.

interpretatio. si quis asserat, cum mandatis dominorum se venire secretis, omnes sciant, nemini quicquam, nisi quod scriptis probaverit, esse credendum, nec ullius dignitate terreri, sed in omnibus scriptis principis esse credendum

interpretation. if anyone should assert that he comes with the secret mandates of the lords, let all know that no credence is to be given to anyone in anything, except what he has proved by writings, nor to be terrified by anyone’s dignity, but that in all the writings of the princeps credence is to be given

CTh.1.4.0. De responsis prudentum

CTh.1.4.0. On the responses of the jurists

CTh.1.4.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad maximum praefectum urbi. perpetuas prudentium contentiones eruere cupientes ulpiani ac pauli in papinianum notas, qui, dum ingenii laudem sectantur, non tam corrigere eum, quam depravare maluerunt, aboleri praecipimus.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Maximus, Prefect of the City. Desiring to root out the perpetual contentions of the jurists, we order that the notes of Ulpian and Paul against Papinian be abolished, who, while they pursue the praise of ingenuity, preferred not so much to correct him as to corrupt him.

dat. iiii k. oct. crispo et constantino conss.

dated the 4th day before the Kalends of October, in the consulship of Crispus and Constantine.

(321/4

[321] sept. 28).

[321] September 28).

CTh.1.4.2

Theodosian Code 1.4.2

Idem a. ad maximum praefectum praetorio. universa, quae scriptura pauli continentur, recepta auctoritate firmanda sunt et omni veneratione celebranda. ideoque sententiarum libros plenissima luce et perfectissima elocutione et iustissima iuris ratione succinctos in iudiciis prolatos valere minime dubitatur.

The same Augustus to Maximus, Praetorian Prefect. All the things that are contained in the writing of Paul are to be confirmed with received authority and to be celebrated with every veneration. And therefore it is in no way doubted that the Books of Sentences, composed with the fullest light, the most perfect elocution, and the most just reason of law, when brought forward in judicial proceedings, have force.

dat. v k. oct. treviris constantio et maximo conss.

given on 27 september at trier, in the consulship of constantius and maximus.

(327 [?] sept. 27).

CTh.1.4.3 [=brev.1.4.1]

Impp. theodos. et valentin.

Emperors theodosius and valentinian.

aa. ad senatum urbis romae. post alia: papiniani, pauli, gaii, ulpiani atque modestini scripta universa firmamus ita, ut gaium quae paulum, ulpianum et cunctos comitetur auctoritas, lectionesque ex omni eius opere recitentur. eorum quoque scientiam, quorum tractatus atque sententias praedicti omnes suis operibus miscuerunt, ratam esse censemus, ut scaevolae, sabini, iuliani atque marcelli, omniumque, quos illi celebrarunt, si tamen eorum libri, propter antiquitatis incertum, codicum collatione firmentur.

the augusti to the senate of the city of rome. after other matters: we confirm all the writings of papinian, paul, gaius, ulpian, and also modestinus, in such a way that the authority which attends paul, ulpian, and all the rest shall accompany gaius as well, and that readings (passages) from his entire work be cited. we also judge valid the learning of those whose treatises and opinions the aforesaid men interwove into their own works, such as scaevola, sabinus, julian, and marcellus, and all whom they celebrated, provided, however, that their books, on account of the uncertainty of antiquity, are strengthened by a collation of manuscripts.

ubi autem diversae sententiae proferuntur, potior numerus vincat auctorum, vel, si numerus aequalis sit, eius partis praecedat auctoritas, in qua excellentis ingenii vir papinianus emineat, qui, ut singulos vincit, ita cedit duobus. notas etiam pauli atque ulpiani in papiniani corpus factas, sicut dudum statutum est, praecipimus infirmari. ubi autem pares eorum sententiae recitantur, quorum par censetur auctoritas, quod sequi debeat, eligat moderatio iudicantis.

but where diverse opinions are put forward, let the superior number of the authors prevail; or, if the number be equal, let the authority of that side take precedence in which the man of excellent genius, Papinian, is preeminent—who, as he conquers individuals singly, so he yields to two. We also command that the notes of Paulus and Ulpian made against the corpus of Papinian be invalidated, just as was decreed long ago. But where equal opinions are recited of those whose authority is reckoned equal, let the discretion of the judge choose what ought to be followed.

pauli quoque sententias semper valere praecipimus etc. dat. viii.

We further command that the Sentences of Paul are always to be in force, etc. Dated the 8th.

id. nov. ravenna, dd. nn. theodos. xii.

ides of november, ravenna, our lords theodosius 12.

et valentin. ii. aa. coss.

and valentinian 2, the augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. haec lex ostendit, quorum iuris conditorum sententiae valeant; hoc est, papiniani, pauli, gaii, ulpiani, modestini, scaevolae, sabini, iuliani atque marcelli: quorum si fuerint prolatae diversae sententiae, ubi maior numerus unum senserit, vincat. quod si forsitan aequalis numerus in utraque parte sit, eius partis praecedat auctoritas, in qua papinianus cum aequali numero senserit: quia ut singulos papinianus vincit, ita et cedit duobus.

interpretation. this law shows whose opinions of the law-founders are to prevail; that is, of Papinian, Paulus, Gaius, Ulpian, Modestinus, Scaevola, Sabinus, Julianus, and Marcellus: if diverse opinions shall have been put forth, let that prevail where the greater number has held one view. but if perhaps an equal number be on each side, let the authority of that party take precedence in which Papinian has agreed with an equal number: because, just as Papinian overcomes individuals singly, so too he yields to two.

scaevola, sabinus, iulianus atque marcellus in suis corporibus non inveniuntur, sed in praefatorum opere tenentur inserti. gregorianum vero et hermogenianum ideo lex ista praeteriit, quia suis auctoritatibus confirmantur ex lege priore, sub titulo de constitutionibus principum et edictis. sed ex his omnibus iuris consultoribus, ex gregoriano, hermogeniano, gaio, papiniano et paulo, quae necessaria causis praesentium temporum videbantur, elegimus

scaevola, sabinus, iulianus, and marcellus are not found in their own corpora, but are held as inserted in the work of the aforesaid. but the gregorian and the hermogenian this law has passed over for this reason, because they are confirmed by their own authorities from the prior law, under the title on the constitutions of princes and edicts. but from all these jurisconsults, from the gregorian, the hermogenian, gaius, papinian, and paul, those things which seemed necessary for the cases of the present times we have chosen

CTh.1.5.0. De officio praefectorum praetorio

CTh.1.5.0. On the Office of the Praetorian Prefects

CTh.1.5.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad constantium praefectum praetorio. edicto omnes provinciales monemus, ut, si interpellantes proprios praesides contempti fuerint, gravitatem tuam interpellent, ut, si id culpa vel neglegentia praesidum admissum esse constiterit, ilico ad scientiam nostram referat gravitas tua, quo possint congrue coerceri.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Constantius, Praetorian Prefect. By edict we admonish all provincials, that, if, when interpellating their own governors, they should have been contemned, let them interpellate Your Gravity, so that, if it has been established that this was admitted through the fault or negligence of the governors, let Your Gravity immediately report to our knowledge, in order that they may be fittingly coerced.

dat. iiii k. sept. antiochiae paulino et iuliano conss.

dated 4 days before the Kalends of September at Antioch, in the consulship of Paulinus and Julianus.

(325 aug. 29).

CTh.1.5.2

Theodosian Code1.5.2

Idem a. ad maximum praefectum praetorio. qui de statutis praesidalibus conqueruntur, cum ea in detrimentum legum prolata arbitrantur, ad tuae auctoritatis iudicium pervenire faciant, ut fractis atque convulsis quae perperam inpressa sunt ne nomen quidem sententiae possint retinere. dat.

The same Augustus to Maximum, Prefect of the Praetorium. Those who complain about gubernatorial ordinances, when they judge that these have been issued to the detriment of the laws, shall cause them to come to the judgment of your authority, so that, once those measures which have been improperly imposed are broken and rescinded, they may not be able to retain even the name of a ruling. Given.

xii k. feb. constantio et maximo conss. (327 [?] ian.

12 days before the Kalends of February, in the consulship of Constantius and Maximus. (327 [?] Jan.

21).

CTh.1.5.3 [=brev.1.5.1]

Theodosian Code 1.5.3 [=brev.1.5.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad bassum pf. p. super his, qui a praeside vel a quolibet alio iudice sententiam dictam infirmari deposcunt, sub eo fine sublimitatis tuae succedat examen, ut, si internis negotii usquequaque decursis ex evidenti claruerit, sententiam a iure iustitiaque discedere, ea penitus explosa, controversia de aequitate terminum capiat. quod si consentanea sit legibus iam prompta* sententia, eius pronuntiationis improbus oppugnator, si patrimonio circumfluit, biennio in insulam relegatione plectatur, eiusque bonorum media portio fiscalibus compendiis addicta cedat: quod si agrestis vitae sit aut etiam egentis, ad biennii tempus in metallum detrudendus est.

The emperor Constantine Augustus to Bassus, praetorian prefect. Concerning those who demand that a sentence pronounced by the governor or by any other judge be invalidated, let the examination come before Your Sublimity under this condition: that, if, after the internal aspects of the matter have been thoroughly run through, it has become clear from the evidence that the sentence departs from law and justice, let it be utterly quashed, and let the controversy take its end on the basis of equity. But if the sentence already delivered is consonant with the laws, the shameless assailant of that pronouncement—if he abounds in patrimony—shall be punished with relegation to an island for two years, and half of his goods shall pass, assigned, to the fisc as profit; but if he is of rustic life or even needy, he is to be thrust into the mine for the space of two years.

quam legem in annotationibus quoque nostris de iterando post sententiam iudicio custodire debebis. dat. xiii.

which law you must also observe in our annotations concerning iterating the trial after sentence. Given on the 13th.

kal. nov. basso et ablavio coss.

on the Kalends of November, in the consulship of Bassus and Ablavius.

interpretatio. quicumque* causa dicta discussoque negotio a quocumque* fuerit superatus et hanc ipsam litem postea reparare tentaverit, si pro ipso, qui antea addictus est, fuerit legibus lata sententia, prius iudicium non valebit. nam si et apud alium iudicem fuerit superatus, si digna idoneaque persona est, biennio in exsilium deputetur, et medietatem facultatum suarum fiscus acquirat. si vero indigna et pauperior persona est, in metallum biennio deputetur

interpretation. whoever* with the case pleaded and the matter discussed has been overcome by whomever*, and later attempts to restore this very lawsuit, if a sentence has been passed by the laws in favor of him who previously was adjudged, the prior judgment will not be valid. For if he also has been overcome before another judge, if he is a worthy and suitable person, let him be assigned to exile for two years, and let the fisc acquire half of his resources. But if he is an unworthy and poorer person, let him be assigned to the mines for two years

CTh.1.5.4

Imp. constantius a. ad leontium praefectum praetorio. moneantur iudices, qui provocationes vitantes sub praetextu relationis differunt causas civiles, coepta negotia terminare, ut, si quis appellandum crediderit, in auditorio sacro aput auctoritatem tuam vel eos, qui de appellationibus iudicant, negotium audiatur.

Emperor Constantius Augustus to Leontius, Praetorian Prefect. Let the judges—who, avoiding appeals, defer civil causes under the pretext of a relatio—be admonished to terminate the businesses begun, so that, if anyone should think of appealing, the matter may be heard in the sacred auditorium before your authority or before those who judge appeals.

dat. iii k. aug. constantio iii et constante ii aa. conss.

Dated July 30, when Constantius was consul for the 3rd time and Constans for the 2nd, the Augusti.

(342 iul. 30).

(342 Jul. 30).

CTh.1.5.5

Impp. constantius et constans aa. ad taurum praefectum praetorio. inter cetera solita perpetrari plerique dividere arbitrio suo annonarias species deteguntur, quod nulli omnino fas est praeter sublime fastigium praefecturae.

The Emperors Constantius and Constans, Augusti, to Taurus, Praetorian Prefect. Among the other things that are wont to be perpetrated, quite a number are detected to be dividing, at their own discretion, the annona rations—something which is permitted to no one at all except the sublime pinnacle of the Prefecture.

nullus igitur iudex sine auctoritate tua in speciebus annonariis erogandis habeat facultatem. dat. xv k. aug.

Therefore let no judge have the power to disburse annona provisions without your authority. Given 15 days before the Kalends of August.

mediolani arbitione et lolliano conss. (355 iul. 18).

at Milan, when Arbitio and Lollianus were consuls. (355 July 18).

CTh.1.5.6

Idem aa. musoniano praefecto praetorio. nullum patimur praefectorum in aliena dioecesi emolumenta annonaria erogare. dat.

The same Augusti to Musonianus, praetorian prefect. We allow no prefects to disburse annona emoluments in another diocese. Given.

vii id. iun. haerbillo datiano et cereale conss. (358 iun.

June 7, Haerbillo Datiano and Cereale, consuls. (June 358

7).

CTh.1.5.7

Idem aa. musoniano praefecto praetorio. citra nostra praecepta nulli annonas cognoscas esse praebendas. dat.

The same emperors to Musonianus, praetorian prefect. Without our precepts, know that rations are to be furnished to no one. Given.

iiii id. iun. mediolani indictione xv. (357

june 10, at milan, in indiction 15. (357

[358] iun. 10).

[358] june 10).

CTh.1.5.8

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. ad marinum praefectum urbi.

the emperors valens, gratian, and valentinian, augusti, to marinus, prefect of the city.

ex eorum corpore atque ordine, qui sacris cognitionibus praesunt propriamque apparitionem hanc potissimum sustinent, ut speciali officio eminentiae tuae iudiciis obsecundent, cum interposita in aliis iudiciis provocatione definiendi negotii suscipiant curam, eos, qui ad proximatum perveniant vel militiae ordine vel exercitationis merito, deligere debebis, submotis ceteris, quos extra sortem positos et aliunde venientes secreto ordini non oportet adiungi. dat. vii id. mart.

From the body and order of those who preside over sacred cognitions and who most especially sustain this their own apparitor-service, so that by a special office they may obsequiously comply with the judgments of Your Eminence, when, an appeal having been interposed in other courts, they assume the care of defining the business, you must choose those who attain to the proximatus either by the order of service or by the merit of practice, the rest being removed—those who, placed outside the lot and coming from elsewhere, ought not to be joined to the secretariate order. Given 9 March.

valente vi et valentiniano ii aa. conss. (378 mart. 9).

with Valens for the 6th time and Valentinian for the 2nd, the Augusti, as consuls. (378 Mar. 9).

CTh.1.5.9

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. tatiano praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, the augusti, to tatianus, praetorian prefect.

si quos iudices corpore marcentes et neglegentes desidiae somniis oscitantes, si quos servilis furti aviditate degeneres vel similium vitiorum labe sublimitas tua reppererit involutos, in eos vindictam publicae ultionis exaggeret et amotis vicarios subroget, ut ad nostrae mansuetudinis scientiam non crimina, sed vindicta referatur. dat. vi. non.

If your Sublimity finds any judges languishing in body and negligent, yawning in the dreams of sloth, if any debased by an avidity for servile theft or entangled in the stain of similar vices, let her heap upon them the vengeance of public retribution, and, once they are removed, appoint deputies in their stead, so that to the knowledge of our clemency there may be reported not crimes but punishment. Given on the 6th before the Nones.

mart. mediolano timasio et promoto conss. (389 mart.

march. at milan timasius and promotus, consuls. (389 march.

2).

CTh.1.5.10

Theodosian Code 1.5.10

Idem aaa. addeo comiti et magistro utriusque militiae. de ordinario iudice semper illustris est cognitio praefecturae, licet militari viro ab eo facta fuerit iniuria.

The same emperors to Deo, count and master of both militia(e). Concerning the ordinary judge, the cognizance always belongs to the Illustrious Prefecture, even if an injury shall have been committed by him against a military man.

dat. prid. id. ian.

Given on the day before the Ides of January.

constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio conss. (393 ian. 12).

at Constantinople, Theodosius Augustus for the 3rd time and Abundantius, consuls. (393 Jan. 12).

CTh.1.5.11

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. vincentio praefecto praetorio. omnes, qui provincias regunt, reliqua sui temporis deposita administratione compellant; possessores vero, quos ad implendas necessitates nulla potest verecundia conmovere, conventi intra annum trina vice, nisi omnes impleverint functiones, duplatum debitum per officium magnificentiae tuae impleant.

Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Vincentius, Praetorian Prefect. All who govern provinces shall be compelled, once their administration has been laid down, to settle the arrears of their own term; but the landholders, whom no modesty can move to fulfill the necessities, if summoned within a year on three occasions, unless they have fulfilled all the functions, shall make good double the debt through the office of Your Magnificence.

dat. iii id. feb. mediolano honorio a. iiii et eutychiano conss.

Given 11 February at Milan, in the consulship of Honorius Augustus (4th) and Eutychianus.

(398 feb. 11).

CTh.1.5.12

Theodosian Code 1.5.12

Idem aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. per omnes provincias dioeceses tuae per africam largitionalium titulorum comitum submotis dispositionibus magnificentiae tuae huius tituli curam necessitatemque permittimus amotis palatinis omnibus. sciant itaque omnes vicarii vel ordinarii iudices ad se, si dissimulata fuerit exactio, culpam esse referendam.

The same Augusti to Messala, praetorian prefect. Through all the provinces of your diocese throughout Africa, with the arrangements of the comites of the largitional titles removed, we permit to your Magnificence the care and necessity of this title, with all palatines removed. Let all vicars or ordinary judges therefore know that, if the exaction shall have been dissimulated, the blame is to be referred to themselves.

dat. v id. octob. theodoro v. c. cons.

Given on October 11, in the consulship of Theodorus, a most distinguished man.

(399 oct. 11).

(October 11, 399).

CTh.1.5.13

Theodosian Code 1.5.13

Idem aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. iam dudum e provinciis arceri iussimus palatinos, cum omnis exactio ad diligentiam magnificentiae tuae et virorum spectabilium vicariorum nec non et ordinariorum iudicum sollicitudinem debeat pertinere: et nunc eadem confirmantes decernimus, ut, si quis palatinus ex officio viri illustris comitis sacrarum largitionum per provincias repertus fuerit, qui exactionem sibi audeat vindicare, ad audientiam viri illustris comitis sacri aerarii ferro obrutus derigatur vel si est idoneus, curiae vindicetur. eos sane palatinos, qui a viro illustri comite rei privatae cum publicis litteris destinantur ad commonitionem iudicis, quo facilius ex praediis rei nostrae conferantur debitae pensiones, cum summa degere praecipimus disciplina: de quorum nominibus, si temere versati fuerint, ad sublimitatem tuam referri per ordinarios iudices oportebit, ut in eos severissime vindicetur.

The same emperors to Messala, praetorian prefect. Long since we ordered that palatines be shut out from the provinces, since every exaction ought to pertain to the diligence of your Magnificence and to the solicitude of the Spectable men, the vicarii, and also of the ordinary judges: and now confirming the same, we decree that, if any palatine of the office of the Illustrious Count of the Sacred Largesses shall be found throughout the provinces who dares to claim exaction for himself, he is to be sent, in irons, to the hearing of the Illustrious Count of the Sacred Treasury, or, if he is suitable, he shall be claimed for the curia. As for those palatines who are dispatched by the Illustrious Count of the Private Estate with public letters for the admonition of the judge, in order that the due pensions may more easily be contributed from the estates of our property, we order them to conduct themselves with the highest discipline: concerning whose names, if they have behaved rashly, it ought to be reported to your Sublimity through the ordinary judges, so that the severest punishment may be exacted against them.

dat. v k. dec. mediolano stilichone et aureliano conss.

Given on the 5th day before the Kalends of December (November 27) at Milan, in the consulship of Stilicho and Aurelianus.

(400 nov. 27).

(400 november 27).

CTh.1.5.14

Theodosian Code 1.5.14

Imppp. arcadius, honorius et theodosius aaa. anthemio praefecto praetorio.

emperors arcadius, honorius and theodosius, augusti, to anthemius, praetorian prefect.

si qui posthac velut indebitis oneribus gravati ad preces crediderint convolandum sive de naviculariis rationibus sive de transvectionibus sive de lustralis auri argentive collatione, de omnibus his atque huiusmodi ordinationibus rescripta quae emitti contigerit, ad sedem sublimitatis tuae rescribantur. dat. vii id. dec.

If anyone hereafter, as if weighed down by undue burdens, should believe that they must have recourse to petitions—whether concerning the navicularian accounts, or concerning transports, or concerning the contribution of lustral gold or silver—let the rescripts which may happen to be issued about all these and such regulations be written back to the seat of Your Sublimity. Given Dec. 7.

constantinopoli stilichone ii et anthemio conss. (405 dec. 7).

at constantinople, in the consulship of stilicho 2 and anthemius. (405 dec. 7).

CTh.1.6.0. De officio praefecti urbis

CTh.1.6.0. On the office of the prefect of the city

CTh.1.6.1

Theodosian Code 1.6.1

Imp. constantius a. ad senatum. cum appellatio interposita fuerit per bithyniam, paphlagoniam, lydiam, hellespontum, insulas etiam ac phrygiam salutarem, europam ac rhodopam et haemimontum, praefecturae urbi iudicium sacrum appellator observet.

emperor constantius augustus to the senate. when an appeal shall have been interposed in bithynia, paphlagonia, lydia, the hellespont, the islands also, and phrygia salutaris, europe and rhodope and haemimontus, the appellant shall observe the sacred court of the prefecture of the city.

dat. v non. mai.

dated 5 days before the Nones of May.

tauro et florentio consul. (361 mai. 3).

Taurus and Florentius, consuls. (361 May 3).

CTh.1.6.2

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. sacrae definitionis ius magnificentiae tuae detulimus, cum ab urbis romae vicario interposita provocatio nostrae cognitionis opperiri videbitur dignitatem.

the emperors valentinian and valens, augusti, to symmachus, prefect of the city. we have conveyed to your magnificence the right of the sacred definition, since, an appeal having been interposed by the vicar of the city of rome, it will seem fitting to await the dignity of our cognition.

dat. vi id. iun. mediolano divo ioviano et varroniano consul.

Given on the 6th day before the Ides of June, at Milan, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus.

(364 iun. 8).

(June 8, 364).

CTh.1.6.3

Idem aa. severo vicario urbis. si quando provocatio interposita adversus sententias vicariae potestatis nostrae cognitionis videatur arbitrium opperiri, nulla itineris fatigatione laedatur sed vir magnificus praefectus urbi rite sollemnibus ordinatis vicem nostram sustinens sacrae disceptationis arbitrium suscepto litis examine terminabit. dat.

The same Augusti to Severus, Vicar of the City. If ever an appeal interposed against the sentences of the vicarian authority seems to await the arbitrium of our cognizance, let it be injured by no fatigue of travel; rather, the man of magnificent rank, the Prefect of the City, duly ordaining the solemnities and standing in our stead, will, upon undertaking the examination of the suit, conclude by arbitrium the sacred disceptation. Given.

vi k. iul. constantinopoli divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 iul.

June 26, at Constantinople, in the consulship of the deified Jovian and Varronianus. (364 Jul.

[?] 26).

CTh.1.6.4

Theodosian Code 1.6.4

Idem aa. ad symmachum praefectum urbi. si quid sacer ac venerabilis populus deferri aliquibus consideratione vetustatis et gratia postularit, id non ante praebeatur, quam tranquillitatis nostrae fuerit consulta sententia. dat.

the same emperors to symmachus, prefect of the city. if the sacred and venerable people should request that something be conferred upon certain persons by consideration of antiquity and favor, let that not be provided before the judgment of our tranquillity has been consulted. given.

vi id. mart. valentiniano et valente consulibus. (365 mart.

on March 10, in the consulship of Valentinian and Valens. (365 Mar.

9).

CTh.1.6.5

Idem aa. ad volusianum praefectum urbi. studentibus nobis statum urbis et rationem annonariam aliquando firmare in animo subiit eiusdem annonae curam non omnibus deferre potestatibus. ac ne praefectura urbis abrogatum sibi aliquid putaret, si totum ad officium annonarium redundasset, eidem praefecturae sollicitudinis ac diligentiae necessitatem mandamus, sed non ita, ut lateat officium annonariae praefecturae, sed ut ambae potestates, in quantum sibi est negotii, tueantur annonam sitque societas muneris ita, ut inferior gradus meritum superioris agnoscat atque ita superior potestas se exserat, ut sciat ex ipso nomine, quid praefecto debeatur annonae.

The same Augusti to Volusianus, Prefect of the City. As we are intent on at last firming up the condition of the city and the annona-organization, it came into our mind not to confer the care of that same annona upon all authorities. And lest the prefecture of the city should think something had been abrogated from itself if the whole had flowed to the annona office, we entrust to that same prefecture the necessity of solicitude and diligence, but not in such a way that the office of the annona-prefecture be obscured; rather, that both authorities, in so far as business pertains to each, may safeguard the annona, and that there be a partnership of the duty such that the lower grade acknowledge the merit of the higher, and in such a way the higher power assert itself that it knows from the very name what is owed to the Prefect of the Annona.

dat. ii non. april.

dated 2 days before the Nones of April.

mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. ii consul. (368

at Milan, under Valentinian and Valens, emperors, in their 2nd consulship (368

[365] apr. 4).

[365] April 4).

CTh.1.6.6

Idem aa. ad praetextatum praefectum urbi. illustris sinceritas tua quasi in speculis tuebitur, quemadmodum singuli, quibus intra urbem romam publicum munus iniungimus, credito sibi famulentur officio: et si aliquis indignum administratione se gesserit, referre non differat, ut veritate comperta continuo alium idoneum vel tuae celsitudinis testimonio vel nostro dirigamus arbitrio. dat.

the same augusti to Praetextatus, prefect of the city. Your Illustrious Sincerity will keep watch, as if from lookouts, how the individuals upon whom within the city of Rome we impose a public munus serve the office entrusted to them; and if anyone has conducted himself unworthy of the administration, let him not delay to report it, so that, the truth having been ascertained, we may immediately assign another suitable person, either by the testimony of Your Loftiness or by our own judgment. given.

xii k. oct. novo mansione valentiniano et valente consul. (368 sept.

On the 12th day before the Kalends of October, at Novo Mansio, with Valentinian and Valens as consuls. (368 sept.

20).

CTh.1.6.7

Theodosian Code 1.6.7

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. ad rufinum praefectum praetorio.

The emperors Valens, Gratian, and Valentinian, Augusti, to Rufinus, Praetorian Prefect.

suis partibus annonae praefectura moderatur, sed ita, ut ex veterum more praefecto urbis per publicum incedente honoris eius et loci gratia expensio panis habeatur. eatenus tamen praefecturam annonae cedere volumus dignitatis fastigio, ut curandi partibus non cedat. neque tamen apparitoribus urbanae praefecturae annonarium officium inseratur, sed apparitorum aemulatione secreta ministerio suo annonae praefectura fungatur, non ut potentiae subiecta, sed ut negotii sui diligens tantumque se a contemptu vindicans, quantum non pergat in contumeliam superioris.

The prefecture of the annona manages its own parts; but thus, that according to the custom of the ancients, when the Urban Prefect proceeds through the public, by grace of his honor and place, the distribution of bread be held. Yet we wish the prefecture of the annona to yield to the pinnacle of dignity only to this extent, that it not yield in the functions of care. Nor, however, shall the annona office be inserted among the apparitors of the Urban Prefecture; but, the apparitors being kept separate, let the prefecture of the annona discharge its own ministry, not as subject to power, but as diligent in its own business, and vindicating itself from contempt only so far as it does not go on into the contumely of its superior.

praefectura autem urbis cunctis, quae intra urbem sunt, antecellat potestatibus, tantum ex omnibus parte delibans, quantum sine iniuria ac detrimento alieni honoris usurpet. dat. iii id. iul.

But the Prefecture of the City shall take precedence over all powers that are within the city, only taking from all a portion, insofar as it may usurp without injury and detriment to another’s honor. Given on 13 July.

valente v et valentiniano aa. consul. (376 iul. 13).

valens 5 and valentinian, augusti, consuls. (376 jul. 13).

CTh.1.6.8

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad bassum praefectum urbi.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, Augusti, to Bassus, Prefect of the City.

apparitoribus tuis stationes, quas habuere antiquitus, statuimus esse reddendas. igitur pristino more servato ad omnes provincias, quas vel divi constantini constitutio dederat vel probus vir illustris permissa sibi a patre nostro potestate reddiderat, praecelsa sinceritas tua principes destinabit; qui sane meminerint nihil morae in his, quae primipili nomine res poscuntur, esse faciendum. dat.

we decree that to your apparitors the stations which they held in ancient times are to be restored. therefore, with the pristine custom preserved, to all the provinces which either the constitution of the deified constantine had granted or probus, an illustrious man, had restored with authority permitted to him by our father, your exalted sincerity will assign chiefs; who indeed should remember that no delay is to be made in those matters which are demanded under the name of the primipilus. given.

x k. dec. mediolano antonio et syagrio consul. (382 nov.[?] 22).

10 Kalends of December, at Milan, in the consulship of Antonius and Syagrius. (382 Nov.[?] 22).

CTh.1.6.9

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. ad. symmachum praefectum urbi.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to symmachus, prefect of the city.

disputari de principali iudicio non oportet: sacrilegii enim instar est dubitare, an is dignus sit, quem elegerit imperator. si quis igitur iudicum fuerit repertus, qui supercilium suum principali aestimet iudicio praeferendum, quinque libras auri eius officium, nisi formam nostrae sanctionis suggesserit, decem ipse fisci viribus inferre cogatur. dat.

It is not proper that there be dispute concerning the imperial judgment: for it is like an instance of sacrilege to doubt whether he is worthy whom the emperor has chosen. If, therefore, any one of the judges shall be found who deems his own superciliousness to be preferred to the imperial judgment, his office shall be compelled to pay five pounds of gold—unless it shall have reported the form of our sanction—and he himself shall be compelled, by the powers of the fisc, to pay ten pounds of gold. Given.

v k. mai. mediolano post consulatum richomeris et clearchi vv. cc. (385 apr. 27).

5 Kalends of May, at Milan, after the consulship of Richomer and Clearchus, most distinguished men (385 Apr. 27).

CTh.1.6.10

Idem aaa. neoterio praefecto praetorio. sacrum iudicium praefecti urbis aeternae paucis dabat reddebatque regionibus: et ideo huic bithyniam atque paphlagoniam nec non phrygiam salutarem credidimus deputandas, ut appellationes suas ad illud mittant examen illudque expectent iudicium in sacrae cognitionis eventu.

The same Augusti to Neoterius, Praetorian Prefect. The sacred tribunal of the Prefect of the Eternal City was granting and rendering to only a few regions; and therefore we have judged that Bithynia and Paphlagonia, and likewise Phrygia Salutaris, are to be assigned to him, so that they may send their appeals to that examination and await that judgment at the outcome of the sacred cognition.

dat. ulpianis ad iulianam. accepta ii id. a. crago.

Given at the Ulpiana, by the Julianum. Received on the 2nd day before the Ides of August. Crago.

(.....).

CTh.1.6.11

Theodosian Code 1.6.11

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. consulibus, praetoribus, tribunis plebis, senatui suo salutem dicunt. post alia: nihil sibi intra urbem agendum praesumat executio militaris, ac si quid erit forte praeceptum, in notitiam prius urbanae veniat praefecturae quae aut compleat congrua iuri mandata aut contra ius imposita depellat.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, send greeting to the consuls, praetors, tribunes of the plebs, and to their own senate. After other matters: let military enforcement presume to do nothing within the city; and if anything should perchance be prescribed, let it first come to the notice of the Urban Prefecture, which either shall complete mandates congruent with law or shall drive away those imposed contrary to law.

itaque decernimus, ut, si quis in privato negotio adversus senatorem aut aliquem sacratissimae urbis corporatum seu qui in urbe larem locaverit, sive intra urbem sive per provincias exsecutionem poposcerit militarem, litis, etiam si bona sit, careat eventu: et si quis cuiuslibet honoris aut militiae intra urbem sacratissimam vel in provinciis etiam in actu publico apparitionem habuerit militarem et senatorem vel corporatum urbis aeternae seu in urbe seu in provinciis levi saltem conventione pulsaverit aut iudex non vindicaverit, in perpetuum honore privetur, ita ut salvis de urbano foro praescriptionibus negotia universa dicantur et contra omnem exhibitionis iniuriam non modo senatorem, sed quemvis romanis corporibus insertum leges tueantur. quodsi in his tuendis vir illustris praefectus urbi neglegentia aut trepidatione defuerit, careat dignitate, quam nescit tueri; eos autem, qui armato officio deputati desiderii temeritatem secuti sunt, adflictos supplicio corporali praefecti vigilibus obsequio praefecturae urbanae sententia deputabit, ita ut perpetua eius officii apparitione devincti mutandae militiae ademptam sibi intellegant potestatem, supplicio maiore retinendi, si quolibet genere ad id quod prohibetur irrepserint. dat.

Therefore we decree that, if anyone in a private business against a senator or anyone of the corporate body of the most sacred city, or one who has set his hearth in the city, shall have demanded military execution either within the city or throughout the provinces, he shall lack the outcome of the lawsuit, even if his case be good; and if anyone of whatever honor or soldiery, within the most sacred city or in the provinces, even in a public act, shall have had a military attendance (apparitio) and shall have assailed a senator or a corporator of the eternal city, either in the city or in the provinces, with even a slight summons, or a judge shall not have vindicated him, let him be deprived of honor in perpetuity, such that, with the prescriptions concerning the urban forum preserved, all business shall be pleaded there, and against every injury of exhibition (compulsory production) the laws shall protect not only the senator, but anyone enrolled in the Roman corporate bodies. But if, in protecting these, the Illustrious Man, the Prefect of the City, shall have failed through negligence or trepidation, let him be deprived of the dignity which he does not know how to guard; but those who, having been deputed with an armed office-staff, have followed the rashness of desire, the Prefect of the City shall consign, stricken with corporal punishment, to the Prefect of the Watch, with the obedience of the watchmen, by sentence of the Urban Prefecture, such that, bound by the perpetual apparitio of that office, they understand that the power of changing their service has been taken from them, to be held to a greater punishment if by any manner they creep toward that which is prohibited. Given.

viii id. aug. ravenna asclepiodoto et mariniano consul. (423 aug.

august 6, ravenna, in the consulship of asclepiodotus and marinianus. (423 aug.

6).

CTh.1.6.12

Imp. theodosius a. constantio praefecto urbi. primicerius adiutorum tuae sedis officii per biennium, quod in eodem gradu ex consuetudine priscae ordinationis emeruit, curam insuper personarum usurpatione omni atque ambitione cessante suscipiat, hoc etiam adiecto, ut, si quis ex memorato ordine vel condicionis humanae fine praeventus vel alia quacumque ratione militiae gradum propriae amisisse monstrabitur, solitae ambitionis iniuria vacante locum is, qui iuxta matriculae veritatem sequitur, obtineat.

The emperor Theodosius Augustus to Constantius, Prefect of the City. Let the primicerius of the adjutors of the office of your seat, for the two-year term which in the same grade he has earned according to the custom of the ancient ordination, moreover undertake the care of the personnel, with every usurpation and ambition ceasing; with this also added: that, if anyone from the aforesaid order, whether overtaken by the end of the human condition or shown by whatever other reason to have lost the grade of his own service, the place, with the injury of the customary ambition being absent, be obtained by the one who, according to the truth of the matricula, is next in sequence.

dat. xiii k. ian. constantinopoli victore v. c. consul.

dated on the 13th day before the Kalends of january, at constantinople, when victor, a most distinguished man, was consul.

(424 dec. 20).

CTh.1.7.0. De officio magistri militum

CTh.1.7.0. On the office of the magister militum

CTh.1.7.1

Imp. constantius a. et iulianus caes. hermogeni praefecto praetorio.

the emperors constantius augustus and julian caesar to hermogenes, praetorian prefect.

de cetero, quotiens aliqua necessitas depoposcerit transferri de loco milites ad alium locum, communicato tractatu cum magistro equitum ac peditum id fieri oportebit, ut ad ea loca, quae publica utilitas depoposcerit, transferantur. dat. v k. iun.

henceforth, whenever some necessity shall have demanded that soldiers be transferred from one place to another place, once consultation has been held with the master of cavalry and infantry, it ought to be done, so that they be transferred to those places which public utility shall have demanded. given on the 5th day before the kalends of june.

sirmio eusebio et hypatio conss. (359 mai. 28).

Sirmium, in the consulship of Eusebius and Hypatius. (359 May 28).

CTh.1.7.2

Theodosian Code 1.7.2

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. addeo comiti et magistro utriusque militiae.

the emperors theodosius, arcadius and honorius, augusti, to addeus, count and master of both services.

corrector quidem provinciae augustamnicae ob illatam duci contumeliam, ut cum officio suo condemnaretur, meruit; a sede autem sublimitatis tuae usurpari iudicii pars ista non debuit, quia semper de ordinario iudice illustris est cognitio praefecturae. dat. ii id. ian.

Indeed, the corrector of the province of Augustamnica, on account of the contumely inflicted upon the duke, deserved to be condemned along with his official staff; but that portion of judgment ought not to have been usurped by the seat of Your Sublimity, because the cognizance always belongs to the Ordinary Judge of the Illustrious Prefecture. Given 12 January.

constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio consul. (393 ian. 12).

At Constantinople, Theodosius Augustus for the 3rd time and Abundantius, consuls. (393 Jan. 12).

CTh.1.7.3

Impp. arcadius et honorius stilichoni magistro militum. sicut clarissimis viris comitibus et ducibus diversarum provinciarum et limitum, ita et viro spectabili comiti per africam principes et numerarii ex officio magisteriae potestatis mittantur, sub ea tamen condicione, ut emenso unius anni spatio singuli qui designati sunt intra africam officio functi et actuum suorum et fidei, quam exhibuerint rei publicae, reddendam sibi non ambigant rationem.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius to Stilicho, Master of the Soldiers. Just as to the most illustrious men, the counts and dukes of the diverse provinces and frontiers, so also to the Spectabilis, the count for Africa, let principes and numerarii be sent from the officium of the magisterial authority, yet under this condition: that, once the span of one year has elapsed, each of those who are designated, having performed their officium within Africa, should not doubt that an account is to be rendered to you both of their acts and of the good faith which they shall have exhibited to the commonwealth.

dat. id. sept. mediolano honorio a. iiii et eutychiano consul.

Given on the Ides of September at Milan, in the consulship of Honorius Augustus for the 4th time and of Eutychianus.

(398 sept. 13).

(September 13, 398).

CTh.1.7.4

Theodosian Code 1.7.4

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. ad hypatium magistrum militum per orientem. apparitores officii tuae praestantiae ad aliud iudicium trahi ex auctoritate sacrorum rescriptorum minime oportebit, etiamsi quis id a nostra clementia vel exposita vel suppressa veritate meruerit.

Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Hypatius, Master of Soldiers for the East. The apparitors of the office of Your Excellency shall by no means be haled to another court on the authority of sacred rescripts, even if someone has obtained this from Our Clemency, whether the truth was set forth or suppressed.

sciat igitur illustris magnificentia tua sub te, sive civiliter sive criminaliter appetuntur, eos litigare debere. dat. id. dec.

let your illustrious magnificence therefore know that those who are proceeded against under you, whether civilly or criminally, ought to litigate. given on the Ides of December.

constantinopoli constantio et constante vv. cc. consul. (414 dec. 13).

at constantinople, constantius and constans, most distinguished men, consuls. (414 dec. 13).

CTh.1.8.0. De officio quaestoris

CTh.1.8.0. On the office of the quaestor

CTh.1.8.1

Impp. honorius et theodosius aa. florentio magistro militum. viro illustri quaestore eustathio suggerente cognovimus per innovationem quorundam a minore laterculo praeposituras fuisse sublatas, quod iam in alteram consuetudinem derivatum ex integro revocare noluimus.

The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius, Augusti, to Florentius, Master of the Soldiery. Upon the suggestion of the illustrious man, the Quaestor Eustathius, we have learned that, through the innovation of certain persons, provostships had been removed from the minor register; and since this has already passed into another custom, we have not wished to recall it afresh in its entirety.

quadraginta vero praeposituras minori laterculo pro infra scripta instructione eius restitui praecipimus, ut de scrinio memoriae de cetero emittantur, observaturo sublimitatis tuae officio, ut nihil de memorato numero sibi usurpet, quo pro parte habeat inconcussum quod contra rationem fuerat immutatum. dat. id. oct.

However, we order forty praepositurae to be restored to the lesser register according to the instruction written below, so that henceforth they may be issued from the scrinium of Memory, your Sublimity’s office taking care that it appropriate nothing to itself from the aforementioned number, whereby in part there may remain unshaken that which had been changed contrary to reason. Given on the Ides of October.

constantinopoli honorio x et theodosio vi aa. consul. scripta eodem exemplo sapricio magistro militum, helioni magistro officiorum et eustathio quaestori. (415 oct.

at constantinople, with honorius 10 and theodosius 6, augusti, as consuls. written in the same exemplar to sapricius, magister militum, helio, magister officiorum, and eustathius, quaestor. (415 oct.

15).

CTh.1.8.2

Theodosian Code 1.8.2

Imp. theodosius a. sallustio, viro illustri comiti et quaestori. laterculi curam totius scias ad tuae sublimitatis sollicitudinem pertinere, ita ut tuo arbitratu ex scrinio memoriae totius minoris laterculi dignitates, hoc est praepositurae omnes, tribunatus et praefecturae iuxta consuetudinem priscam clementiae meae auctoritate deinceps emittantur.

imp. theodosius a. to sallustius, a most illustrious man, count and quaestor. know that the care of the entire laterculus pertains to the solicitude of your sublimity, so that at your discretion, from the scrinium of the memoria, the dignities of the whole lesser laterculus, that is, all praepositures, tribunates, and prefectures, in accordance with ancient custom, shall henceforth be issued by the authority of my clemency.

dat. vii k. mai. constantinopoli victore v. c. consule.

Given on April 25 at Constantinople, in the consulship of Victor, a most distinguished man.

(424 apr. 25).

(424 Apr. 25).

CTh.1.8.3

Idem a. helioni comiti et magistro officiorum. omnes minoris laterculi dignitates, quae sub cura quidem ac sollicitudine viri illustris quaestoris esse antea videbantur, postea vero vel universae vel mediae ad magistrorum militum potestatem dispositionemque transierant, placuit nunc clementiae meae vetusti temporis more renovato ad prisca deinceps iura revocare. dat.

The same, to Helio, count and master of the offices. all the dignities of the lesser roll, which previously seemed to be under the care and solicitude of the illustrious man, the quaestor, but afterwards either in their entirety or in part had passed over to the power and disposition of the masters of soldiers, it has pleased my clemency, with the custom of ancient time renewed, to recall henceforth to their former rights. given.

iii k. mai. constantinopoli victore v. c. consule. (424 apr.

April 29, at Constantinople, when Victor, a most distinguished man, was consul. (424 apr.

29).

CTh.1.9.0. De officio magistri officiorum

CTh.1.9.0. On the office of the Master of the Offices

CTh.1.9.1

Imp. constantius a. et iulianus caes. ad agentes in rebus.

Emperor constantius Augustus and julian caesar to the agentes in rebus.

universi, qui indignis natalibus et conversatione deterrima ad scholam agentium in rebus adspiraverunt vel translati sunt, cognoscente viro clarissimo comite et magistro officiorum vestro consortio secernantur, ut ita vos privilegiis dudum indultis frui possitis. ad ducenam etiam et centenam et biarchiam nemo suffragio, sed per laborem unusquisque perveniat, usus omnium testimonio: principatum vero adipiscatur matricula decurrente, ita ut ad curas agendas et cursum illi exeant, quos ordo militiae vocat et labor. adiutor praeterea, in quo totius scholae status et magistri securitas constituta est, omni schola testimonium praebente, idoneus probitate morum ac bonis artibus praeditus nostris per magistrum obtutibus offeratur, ut nostro ordinetur arbitrio, data omnibus contra dicendi licentia, si hanc legem quisquam violare temptet.

Let all, who with unworthy birth and with most depraved conduct have aspired to the school of the agentes in rebus or have been transferred thereto, be separated from your fellowship, the most illustrious man, the count and master of the offices, taking cognizance, so that thus you may be able to enjoy the privileges long since granted. To the ducenary and centenary rank and to the biarchy let no one arrive by suffrage, but let each come through labor, the usage of all bearing witness; but let one obtain the primacy with the matricula running down, such that those go forth to undertake the charges and the cursus whom the order of the militia and toil calls. Moreover, the adjutor—in whom the condition of the whole school and the security of the master are established—with the whole school providing testimony, if he be fit, endowed with uprightness of morals and with good arts, let him be presented to our gaze through the Master, that he may be appointed by our judgment, with license granted to all to object, if anyone should attempt to violate this law.

dat. et proposita romae in foro traiani k. nov. eusebio et hypatio consulibus.

given and posted at rome in the forum of trajan on november 1, when eusebius and hypatius were consuls.

(359 nov. 1).

(November 1, 359).

CTh.1.9.2

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. ad principium magistrum officiorum.

The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius, Augusti, to Principius, Master of the Offices.

nefas est a minoribus maiora vel posci vel sperari: ideoque nemo a nobis postulet agentum in rebus aliquem militiae potiori sociari, nisi quem tua acceptio probari debere significat, ita ut petitorem constet loco esse potiorem. ordinem vero militiae atque stipendia nemo praevertat, etiamsi nostri numinis per obreptionem detulerit indultum: ac si formam istius modi docebitur obtulisse, in locum, ex quo indecenter emerserat, revertatur, ut is gradu ceteros antecedat, quem stipendia longiora vel labor prolixior fecerit anteire. proposita hadrumeti vii id. mart.

it is unlawful that from inferiors greater things be either demanded or hoped for; and so let no one ask from us that any of the agentes in rebus be associated with a superior military service, unless your acceptance signifies that he ought to be approved, in such a way that it is established that the petitioner is in a superior position. moreover, let no one outrun the order of service and the stipends, even if by obreption he has conveyed an indult of our Numen; and if he shall be shown to have proffered a form of this kind, let him return to the place from which he had unseemly emerged, so that that man may precede the others in grade whom longer stipends or more prolonged labor has caused to go ahead. published at Hadrumetum on the 7th day before the Ides of March.

post consulatum arcadi a. i et bautonis v. c. (386 mart. 9).

after the consulship of Arcadius, junior Augustus, and of Bauto, a most distinguished man (386 Mar. 9).

CTh.1.9.3

Theodosian Code 1.9.3

Imppp. arcadius, honorius et theodosius aaa. aemiliano magistro officiorum.

the emperors arcadius, honorius and theodosius, augusti, to aemilianus, master of the offices.

magnificentia tua matriculam scholae agentum in rebus ex nostra auctoritate tractabit atque perficiet, ut sedula inspectione laboriosi segnibus, praesentes absentibus ac sibi perpetuo vacantibus praeferantur: ii quoque, quos sua virtus cum nostra munificentia gradibus honoravit sive dignos effecit, praemiorum sibi delatorum competenti firmitate potiantur, quo secreta ignobili turba multorum industrius quisque et labore non minus quam genere nobilis obsequiis nostris inhaereat. dat. k. aug.

Your Magnificence will handle and complete, by our authority, the matricula (roll) of the schola of the agentes in rebus, so that by sedulous inspection the industrious may be preferred to the slothful, the present to the absent and to those perpetually at leisure for themselves: those also whom their own virtus, together with our munificence, has honored with grades or made worthy, may obtain with suitable firmness the rewards conferred upon them, so that, set apart from the ignoble crowd of the many, each industrious man—noble by labor no less than by birth—may cleave to our obsequies (services). Given on the Kalends of August.

ancyrae stilichone ii. et anthemio consul. (405 aug. 1).

at ancyra, in the consulship of stilicho 2 and anthemius. (405 aug. 1).

CTh.1.10.0. De officio comitis sacrarum largitionum

CTh.1.10.0. On the office of the Count of the Sacred Largesses

CTh.1.10.1

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad syagrium praefectum praetorio.

the emperors gratian, valentinian and theodosius, augusti, to syagrius, praetorian prefect

palatinos strenuos regionibus singulis attributos iubemus eam in cunctis adhibere sollertiam, ut non modo abire e provincia non sinatur qui canonem propriae administrationis exactum certissimis nequeat adprobare documentis, verum etiam mansuetudinis nostrae instructa cognitio eum graviore vindicta censeat corrigendum. dat. iii non.

We order the vigorous palatines assigned to each several region to apply such diligence in all matters, that not only shall he not be allowed to depart from the province who cannot prove with most certain documents that the canon of his own administration has been exacted, but also that, once an inquiry informed under our clemency has been instituted, it deem him to be corrected by a heavier retribution. Given on the 3 day before the Nones.

iul. viminacio syagrio et eucherio consul. (381 iul.

july, at viminacium, in the consulship of syagrius and eucherius. (381 july

5).

CTh.1.10.2

Theodosian Code 1.10.2

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. trifolio comiti sacrarum largitionum.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius, and arcadius, augusti, to trifolius, count of the sacred largesses.

palatini monitores frequentissimi ad profligandos largitionales titulos iudicibus ordinariis semper adsistant, deinde, si alicuius remissior super hoc fuerit cura detecta, tamdiu unusquisque iudex a palatinis intra provinciam a se administratam peracto iam honore teneatur, quamdiu per eum id quod debitum fuerit exigatur. dat. vii id. april.

let the palatine monitors, in very frequent attendance, always stand by the ordinary judges to bring to completion the largitional titles; then, if anyone’s care in this matter has been detected as more remiss, let each judge be held by the palatines within the province administered by himself, with his honor already completed, for so long as that which shall have been due is exacted through him. given on april 7.

constantinopoli arcadio a. et bautone coss. (385 apr. 7).

at constantinople arcadius augustus and bauto consuls. (385 apr. 7).

CTh.1.10.3

Idem aaa. ad florentium comitem sacrarum largitionum. in omnibus causis ita cognitioni iurgiorum operam dabis, ut extra ordinem ac sine temporibus recognoscens mature, cum ratione tulerit, ac rursus severius, si iustitia persuaserit, definitivam scias promendam esse sententiam.

The same emperors to Florentius, count of the sacred largesses. In all causes you shall so give your effort to the cognition of quarrels that, reviewing extra ordinem and without time-limits, promptly, when reason shall have warranted it—and again more strictly, if justice shall have persuaded—you should know that a definitive sentence is to be rendered.

dat. v k. dec. arcadio a. i et bautone conss.

Dated on the 5th day before the Kalends of December, in the consulship of Arcadius (for the first time) and Bauto, consuls.

(385 nov. 25).

(November 25, 385).

CTh.1.10.4

Theodosian Code 1.10.4

Idem aaa. severino comiti sacrarum largitionum. comperimus inconsulto praefecto urbis ac penitus ignorante raptos ad supplicium mercatores corporalibus affectos iniuriis, gravis insuper multae acerbitate nudatos.

The same emperors, to Severinus, count of the sacred largesses. we have learned that, with the prefect of the city not consulted and utterly ignorant, merchants were snatched away to punishment, afflicted with corporal injuries, and, besides, stripped by the acerbity of a heavy fine.

cum igitur omnia corporatorum genera, quae in constantinopolitana urbe versantur, universos quoque cives atque populares praefecturae urbanae regi moderamine recognoscas, si cuiuspiam fortasse personam fisci flagitabit examen vel in aliquem horum similis posthac redundabit invidia, is non per officium palatinum, sed per apparitionem sedis urbanae cognoscendo negotio praeparatus ad eum cognitorem, cui urbs tota subiacet, deducetur, ut ab eo possit audiri aut, si necessitas suaserit, ad iudicium tuum te petente transmitti. dat. xvii k. mai.

since, therefore, you are to recognize that all kinds of corporators, who are active in the city of constantinople, as well as all citizens and common people, are ruled by the governance of the urban prefecture, if perhaps the fisc will demand an examination of anyone’s person or hereafter similar ill will will overflow upon any of these, such a one shall be led, not through the palatine office, but through the apparitor service of the urban seat, prepared for the business of inquiry, to that examiner (cognitor) to whom the whole city is subject, so that he may be heard by him or, if necessity shall advise, be sent on to your judgment at your request. given 17 kalends of may.

mediolano tatiano et symmacho consul. (391 apr. 15).

at milan, in the consulship of tatianus and symmachus. (391 apr. 15).

CTh.1.10.5

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. anthemio comiti sacrarum largitionum. quia per neglegentiam iudicantis quidam se perperam queruntur esse deiectos, cunctos, qui in hac iniuria continentur, locis debitis praecipimus reddi debere; illos vero, qui sine commeatu aut sine officii publici necessitate per provincias divagantur, tuo examini praesentatos arbitrio celsitudinis tuae condemnatione percelli, deinde militia sententiae tuae, prout visum tibi fuerit, auctoritate privari, hos vero, qui hanc secuti militiam cohortalina officia deseruerunt, a perperam quaesita militia prohiberi.

the emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to anthemius, count of the sacred largesses. because through the negligence of the judge certain persons complain that they have been wrongfully cast out, we command that all who are contained in this injury must be restored to their due places; but those who, without leave or without the necessity of public office, wander through the provinces—when presented to your examination—are to be struck by condemnation at the discretion of your highness, and then, by your sentence, as it shall have seemed good to you, to be deprived by your authority of their militia; moreover, those who, having pursued this militia, have deserted the cohortal offices are to be prohibited from the militia wrongfully sought.

dat. vii k. sept. constantinopoli stilichone et aureliano consul.

given on the 7th day before the kalends of september, at constantinople, in the consulship of stilicho and aurelianus.

(400 aug. 26).

(400 Aug. 26).

CTh.1.10.6

Idem aa. hadriano praefecto praetorio. in exactionibus largitionalium titulorum iuxta veterem consuetudinem palatinorum iudicibus incumbat instantia: ad hoc enim tantum videntur emitti, ut rectoribus vigilanter immineant. et cetera.

The same Augusti, to Hadrianus, praetorian prefect. In the exactions of the largitional titles, let the urgency, according to ancient custom, rest upon the palatine judges: for they seem to be sent out for this sole purpose, that they may vigilantly press upon the governors. And the rest.

dat. iii k. mart. mediolano vincentio et fravito consul.

Given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of March (February 27), at Milan, in the consulship of Vincentius and Fravitus.

(401 febr. 27).

(401 feb. 27).

CTh.1.10.7

Theodosian Code 1.10.7

Idem aa. limenio comiti sacrarum largitionum. observandum esse censemus, ut bini in singulis indictionibus per singulas provincias palatini dirigantur, ita ut singularum librarum auri adiutores per singulos multa constringat, si legis nostrae definitiones neglexerint vel minus idoneos destinaverint. quibus haec cura debet esse praecipua, ut periculo proprio notoriis destinatis super neglegentia iudicum, si ita res exegerit, conquerantur, ne eorum sit impunita desidia.

The same Emperors to Limenius, Count of the Sacred Largesses. We judge that it must be observed that, in each indiction, through each province, two palatine officials be dispatched, so that the assistants for each pound of gold may be constrained with fines, in each individual case, if they have neglected the determinations of our law or have designated men less fit. For these men this care ought to be paramount: that, at their own peril, with notaries appointed, they lodge complaints about the negligence of judges, if the matter so requires, lest their sloth be left unpunished.

iudices quoque de eorum nominibus referre convenit, quos commodis propriis magis quam utilitatibus publicis studere praeviderint: breves etiam quadrimenstruos ad officium palatinum noverint dirigendos aurumque exactum ad sacras largitiones sine ulla dilatione mittatur. dat. iii k. mart.

It is also fitting that the judges report the names of those whom they have foreseen to be striving more for their own advantages than for public utilities; let them also know that quadrimensal briefs are to be directed to the Palatine office, and that the gold exacted be sent to the Sacred Largesses without any delay. Given 27 February.

mediolano vincentio et fravito consul. (401 febr. 27).

at milan, vincentius and fravitus, consuls. (401 feb. 27).

CTh.1.10.8

Codex Theodosianus 1.10.8

Impp. theodosius et valentinianus aa. ad volusianum praefectum praetorio. non amplius quam semel intra eandem provinciam quicquam publici muneris palatinus exerceat, sed adiutoris suggestio gestis expressa teneatur, quae et nomen palatini et ei, qui dirigendus est, in eandem provinciam nihil ante commissum evidenter expromat.

The Emperors theodosius and valentinian, augusti, to volusianus, praetorian prefect. let a palatine not exercise anything of public duty more than once within the same province, but let the suggestion of the assistant, expressed in the official records, be required, which shall clearly set forth both the name of the palatine and that, for the one who is to be dispatched to the same province, nothing has previously been entrusted.

quod si aut huiusmodi sollemnitate neglecta aut repetito actu ad provinciam missus fuerit palatinus, adiutorem officii et primicerium atque secundicerium triginta librarum auri poena percellat, nec uti licebit his fortasse praestigiis, quod eidem, non eadem tamen, possint gerenda committi: eundem enim palatinum intra eandem provinciam quicquam publici muneris iterum procurare non licet. palatini vero scient sibi cum provincialibus nihil esse commune. iudicibus sane oportebit insistere et si inter eos breves, quos ad provinciam deferent, et eos, qui a provinciarum tabulariis proferuntur, fuerit aliqua diversitas, adscitis sibi in consilium ex provincia quinque honoratis inter palatinum ac tabularium provinciae moderator cognoscat et discussa brevium fide accelerari exactionem iubebit aut censurae legum veterum subiacebit.

But if, either with such a solemnity neglected or with a repeated act, a Palatine should be sent to a province, let the adjutor of the office and the primicerius and the secundicerius be struck with a penalty of thirty pounds of gold; nor shall it be lawful to use perhaps these prestiges, namely that to the same man things to be managed may be entrusted—albeit not the same things: for it is not permitted that the same Palatine within the same province should a second time administer anything of public duty. Let the Palatines, indeed, know that they have nothing in common with the provincials. Judges, to be sure, must insist; and if there should be any diversity between those briefs which they carry to the province and those which are produced by the tabularies of the provinces, with five honored men from the province called to themselves into counsel, the governor (moderator) shall adjudicate between the Palatine and the tabulary of the province, and, the trustworthiness of the briefs having been examined, he will order the exaction to be accelerated, or he will lie under the censure of the ancient laws.

noverint sane provinciarum moderatores nullam prorsus exactionis partem ad palatinum officium pertinere nec umquam his adminicula praebenda. sed nec susceptori quidem aut tabulario provinciae palatinus incumbet, neque a susceptore summam illatorum neque nominatorios breves a tabulario postulabit, cum haec omnis sollicitudo sit iudicis. comitibus quoque titulorum, si quando eos ad provinciam mitti ratio necessitatis exegerit, nulla adminicula de palatino dari iubemus officio, sed sola eis provincialis apparitio parebit, poena viginti librarum auri comitem titulorum et officium feriente palatinum, si quis palatinorum cuilibet comiti titulorum fuerit adiunctus.

Let the governors of the provinces indeed know that no part whatsoever of exaction pertains to the palatine office, nor are supports ever to be furnished to these. And neither upon the susceptor nor upon the tabularius of the province shall a palatine press, nor will he demand from the susceptor the total sum of what has been paid in, nor the nominatory breves from the tabularius, since this whole solicitude is the judge’s. To the Counts of the Titles also, if ever a reason of necessity should require them to be sent to a province, we order that no supports be given from the palatine office, but only the provincial apparitorial service shall obey them, with a penalty of 20 pounds of gold striking both the Count of the Titles and the palatine office, if any of the palatines shall have been attached to any Count of the Titles.

dat. iii k. mart. ravennae felice et tauro consul.

given 27 february, at ravenna, felix and taurus, consuls.

(428 febr. 27).

(428 Feb. 27).

CTh.1.11.0. De officio comitis rei privatae

CTh.1.11.0. On the office of the Count of the Private Estate

CTh.1.11.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. minervio comiti rei privatae. manentibus fideiussorum atque subsignationum meritis et possessoribus in eadem, qua nunc habentur, conductione durantibus ad palatinorum curam et ad rationalium officia omnium rerum nostrarum et totius perpetuarii, iuris exactio revertatur nihilque omnino de exactione reddita, hoc est perpetuarii iuris vel sacratissimae domus ad ordinarios iudices pertineat.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Minervius, Count of the Private Property. With the merits of the sureties and of the sub-signations remaining, and the possessors continuing in the same lease in which they are now held, let the exaction of all our property and of the entire perpetuarium right revert to the care of the Palatines and to the offices of the Rationales, and let nothing at all of the exaction rendered, that is, of the perpetuarium right or of the most sacrosanct house, pertain to the ordinary judges.

meminerint autem officia ordinariorum iudicum non leve fortunis suis imminere dispendium, nisi omnia reliqua praeteriti temporis curaverint exigenda, quae penes conductores ipsorum desidia aut coniventia resederunt. dat. x k. ian.

Moreover, let the offices of the ordinary judges remember that no light loss threatens their own fortunes, unless they take care that all arrears of past time be exacted, which have remained in the hands of the lessees through their sloth or connivance. Given on the 10th day before the Kalends of January.

mediolano caesario et attico consul. (397 dec. 23).

At Milan, Caesarius and Atticus, consuls. (397 Dec. 23).

CTh.1.11.2

Theodosian Code 1.11.2

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. firmino, comiti sacrarum largitionum. divae memoriae valentiniano iuniori subreptum est, ut ordinariorum iudicum officiis actores seu conductores dominicos conveniendi licentia negaretur; et idcirco ad rationales privatae rei exigendorum fiscalium debitorum ex illo tempore cura translata est.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Firminus, Count of the Sacred Largesses. From Valentinian the Younger, of divine memory, it was surreptitiously obtained that to the offices of the ordinary judges the license to convene the imperial domain’s agents or lessees be denied; and therefore from that time the care of the exaction of fiscal debts was transferred to the rationales of the Private Property.

ad hanc tamen inutilem praecepti novitatem etiam illud adiectum est, ut, si quid in rei privatae nostrae praediis sceleris esset admissum, quod pro sua atrocitate ulcisci potestas, nisi ferro accincta, non posset, exhibendorum reorum, nisi qui per dominicos deducerentur et defenderentur actores, ordinario iudici copia non pateret. quod ne deinceps fiat, hac sanctione prohibemus. dat.

To this, however, useless novelty of the precept there was also added this: that, if any crime had been committed on the estates of our Private Property, which, by reason of its own atrocity, the authority could not avenge unless girt with iron, the opportunity of producing the defendants before the ordinary judge should not be open, except for those who might be brought and defended through the dominical actors (estate agents). Lest this be done henceforth, we prohibit it by this sanction. Given.

viiii k. iun. mediolano, honorio a. iiii et eutychiano consul. (398 mai 24).

9 days before the Kalends of June, at Milan, Honorius Augustus for the 4th time and Eutychianus, consuls. (398 May 24).

CTh.1.12.0. De officio proconsulis et legati

CTh.1.12.0. On the office of the proconsul and the legate

CTh.1.12.1

Theodosian Code 1.12.1

Imp. constantinus a. aeliano proconsuli africae. omnes civiles causas et praecipue eas, quae fama celebriores sunt, negotia etiam criminalia publice audire debebis tertia, vel ut tardissime quarta vel certe quinta die acta conficienda iussurus.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Aelianus, proconsul of Africa. You must hear publicly all civil causes—and especially those which are more celebrated by report—and criminal business as well, and you shall order the records to be completed on the third day, or at the very latest on the fourth, or certainly by the fifth day.

quae omnia legati quoque coercitione commoniti observabunt. dat. iii k. nov.

all these things the legates also, admonished by coercive authority, shall observe. given on the 3rd day before the Kalends of November.

treviris, constantino a. iiii et licinio iiii coss. (315

at Trier, when Constantine Augustus for the 4th time and Licinius for the 4th time were consuls. (315

[313] oct. 30).

[313] Oct. 30).

CTh.1.12.2

Idem a. ad proculum. et publicae disciplinae interest et proconsulari convenit dignitati, ut publicarum exactionum ceterarumque rerum curam et notitiam ad tuam redigas potestatem, ita ut non officialium instructione et voce fraudulenta contentus sis, sed ipsorum iudicum curam responsionemque condiscas praefecti annonae et rationalium, si fidelis est ea instructio. ita enim provincialibus contra iniquas exactiones poterit subveniri.

The same Augustus to Proculus. Both it concerns the public discipline and it befits proconsular dignity that you bring the oversight and knowledge of public exactions and of other matters under your own authority, in such a way that you are not content with the briefing of the officium and a fraudulent voice, but that you thoroughly acquaint yourself with the diligence and replies of the judges themselves—the Prefect of the Annona and the Rationales—if that briefing is faithful. For thus aid can be given to the provincials against iniquitous exactions.

dat. vii k. ian. constantino a. v et licinio caes.

given on the 7th day before the Kalends of January, under constantine augustus, for the 5th time, and licinius caesar.

consul. (319 dec. 26).

consulship. (319 Dec. 26).

CTh.1.12.3

Theodosian Code 1.12.3

Idem a. aeliano proconsuli africae. legati non solum civiles, sed et criminales causas audiant, ita ut, si sententiam in reos ferendam perviderint, ad proconsules eos transmittere non morentur: ab omnibus enim iudicibus hoc observari oportet, ut supputato tempore competenti, quo necessaria causae criminalis instructio poterit adhiberi, maturam vel nocens poenam vel absolutionem innocens consequatur. dat.

The same to Aelianus, proconsul of Africa. Let the legates hear not only civil but also criminal cases, on condition that, if they perceive that a sentence is to be pronounced upon the defendants, they should not delay to transfer them to the proconsuls; for this must be observed by all judges: that, a suitable time having been computed, within which the necessary instruction of the criminal case can be applied, the guilty may obtain timely punishment, and the innocent acquittal. Given.

k. oct. constantino a. et constantio consul. (....[313?] oct.

on the kalends of october, with constantine augustus and constantius as consuls. (....[313?] oct.

1).

CTh.1.12.4

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. flacciano proconsuli africae.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius and arcadius, augusti, to flaccianus, proconsul of africa.

officio, quod tuis meritis obsecundat, non curialem quemquam nec plebeia stirpe progenitum volumus adgregari: ac si qui erunt inter apparitores huiusmodi, restitui eos debitis muniis mox iubemus. veteranorum filios militare permittimus, ut, licet diversa condicione, paternam tamen teneant sub cingulo viliore fortunam. dat.

We do not wish anyone either curial or born of plebeian stock to be added to the officium, which is compliant to your merits; and if there are any such among the apparitors, we order them forthwith to be restituted to their due duties. We permit the sons of veterans to serve in the military, so that, although in a different condition, they may nevertheless hold the paternal fortune under a humbler belt. Given.

non. octob. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio consul.

On the Nones of October, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Theodosius Augustus for the 3rd time and Abundantius.

(393 oct. 7).

CTh.1.12.5

Codex Theodosianus 1.12.5

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. simplicio proconsuli asiae. officium hellesponti consularis aeternae recordationis patrem serenitatis nostrae adiit et expositis suis incommodis, quibus a vicarianis apparitoribus urgebatur, oravit sub tuae sublimitatis agere potestate.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Simplicius, proconsul of Asia. The officium of the Hellespontine consular approached the father of Our Serenity of eternal remembrance and, after setting forth its own inconveniences, by which it was being pressed by vicarian apparitors, begged to conduct its business under the authority of Your Sublimity.

cuius allegationes humanae proclivius pium principem commoverunt. dat. viii k. april.

whose allegations, by considerations of humanity, more readily moved the pious emperor. Given on March 25.

constantinopoli arcadio a. iiii et honorio a. consul. (396 mart. 25).

at constantinople, with arcadius augustus consul for the 4th time and honorius augustus consul. (396 mar. 25).

CTh.1.12.6

Idem aa. victorio proconsuli africae et dominatori vicario africae. apparitioni tuae et legatorum quadringentos de his dumtaxat, quos rei publicae membra non querentur sibi esse detractos, censuimus deputandos, ita ut, si modum hunc quisquam vitio temeritatis excesserit, quinis libris auri per singulos neglegentia iudicum, denis autem officium sine dilatione multetur. quisquis igitur vel ex curiis vel ex ceteris corporibus in officio repertus fuerit, origini suae reddatur.

The same Augusti to Victor, proconsul of Africa, and to Dominator, vicarius of Africa. We have decreed that four hundred of these are to be assigned to your apparitorial staff and to the legates, only from those whom the members of the Republic will not complain have been taken away from themselves; on condition that, if anyone through the fault of rashness exceeds this limit, the negligence of the judges shall be penalized at five pounds of gold for each person, and the officium at ten, without delay. Whoever therefore, whether from the curiae or from the other corporations, shall be found in the officium, let him be restored to his origin.

quod si praeter statutum numerum aliqui fuerint, quos ab omni nexu liberos vel curiae vel collegia forte non vindicent, arbitrii tui officiique publicas necessitates instruant, ita ut idem circa statutum numerum officii tui permaneat annonarum numerus, qui hucusque servatus est. dat. xii k. iun.

But if, beyond the statuted number, there should be some whom the curia or the collegia perhaps do not claim as free from every nexus, let them, at your discretion (arbitrium) and that of your officium, equip the public necessities, provided that, with respect to the statuted number of your officium, the number for the annonae remains the same which has been observed up to now. Given on the 12th day before the Kalends of June.

mediolano, honorio a. iiii et eutychiano consul. (398 mai. 21).

at milan, in the consulship of honorius augustus 4 and eutychianus. (398 may 21).

CTh.1.12.7

Theodosian Code 1.12.7

Idem aa. messalae praefecto praetorio et praefecto annonae. post alia: antiquam exigendi consuetudinem in omni annonario ac superindicto canone servandam esse censemus, ut submotis omnibus exactoribus, qui de diversis officiis extra morem nunc usque directi sunt, officium proconsulare postulet, quod exigere consuevit, nec alienis se partibus impudenter inserat. et cetera.

The same Emperors to Messala, praetorian prefect, and to the prefect of the annona. After other matters: we judge that the ancient custom of exacting be maintained in every annonary and superindicted canon, so that, with all collectors removed who up to now have been dispatched from diverse offices contrary to usage, the proconsular office may demand what it is accustomed to exact, and may not impudently insert itself into others’ departments. And the rest.

dat. iii k. octob. altino theodoro v. c. consul.

dated 29 September at Altinum, when Theodorus, a most distinguished man, was consul.

(399 sept. 28).

(399 September 28).

CTh.1.12.8

Theodosian Code 1.12.8

Idem aa. pompeiano proconsuli africae. pravam licentiam iudicum his cancellis severitatis includimus, ut, si quis proconsulum vicem propriae postestatis in legatum suum velut ingratus nostro beneficio repraesentaverit, triginta librarum auri illatione multetur eademque condemnatione legatus feriatur. primates quoque officii par poena contineat, nisi deferentibus illicita et ambientibus obviaverint.

The same Augusti to Pompeianus, proconsul of Africa. We confine the crooked license of judges within these lattices of severity, so that, if anyone, instead of his own authority, shall have exhibited the proconsul’s role in his legate, as though ungrateful for our beneficium, he shall be fined by the imposition of 30 pounds of gold, and the legate shall be struck with the same condemnation. Let the chiefs of the office also be held by an equal penalty, unless they shall have met and opposed those bringing forward illicit matters and those canvassing.

dat. pridie k. ian. mediolano stilichone et aureliano consul.

given at milan on the day before the kalends of january, in the consulship of stilicho and aurelian.

(400 dec. 31).

(400 December 31).

CTh.1.13.0. De officio comitis orientis

CTh.1.13.0. On the office of the count of the east

CTh.1.13.1

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. rufino praefecto praetorio orientis.

the emperors theodosius, arcadius and honorius, augusti, to rufinus, praetorian prefect of the east.

in officio comitis orientis non amplius quam dc apparitores habeantur, quos quidem publicis necessitatibus adeo novimus abunde suppetere, ut per eos patrimonialium per orientem possessionum maturetur exactio. dat. iii k. ian.

In the office of the Count of the East let no more than 600 apparitors be maintained; and indeed we know them to suffice abundantly for public necessities, to such an extent that through them the exaction of the patrimonial possessions throughout the East may be expedited. Given on December 30.

heracleae arcadio iii et honorio ii aa. consul. (394 mai. [?] 30).

at heraclea, arcadius 3 and honorius 2, augusti, consuls. (394 may [?] 30).

CTh.1.14.0. De officio praefecti augustalis

CTh.1.14.0. On the office of the augustal prefect

CTh.1.14.1

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. florentio praefecto augustali.

The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius, Augusti, to Florentius, the Augustal Prefect.

per thebaidam atque augustamnicam provincias officium tuum et officia iudicum competentium omnia tributa exigere suscipere postremo compellere iubemus, ita ut, si qui militares possessores in memoratis provinciis fuerint, hi in tantum per militare officium exigantur. iam si qui de provincialibus nostris ad inferenda quae debent audaces extiterint, ad nostram clementiam referes, ut, ubi nos iusserimus, per castrenses milites exigantur. dat.

throughout the provinces of the thebaid and augustamnica we order your office and the offices of the competent judges to exact all tributes, to undertake (them), and finally to compel, such that, if there are any military possessors in the aforementioned provinces, these are to be proceeded against only to that extent through the military office. moreover, if any of our provincials shall have proved audacious about bringing in what they owe, you will refer it to our clemency, so that, when we have ordered, they may be exacted through the camp soldiers. given.

xiii k. mart. constantinopoli honorio n. p. et evodio consul. (386 febr.

13th day before the Kalends of March, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Honorius, most noble boy, and Evodius. (386 Feb.)

17).

CTh.1.14.2

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. rufino praefecto praetorio. praefectus augustalis ordinariorum sub se iudicum examinandi flagitia ac super his referendi, non amovendi vel puniendi habeat potestatem.

Emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to rufinus, praetorian prefect. the augustal prefect shall have authority to examine the offenses of the ordinary judges under him and to report concerning these, not to remove or to punish.

dat. pridie non. dec.

given on the day before the nones of december.

constantinopoli olybrio et probino consul. (395 dec.[?] 4).

At Constantinople, in the consulship of Olybrius and Probinus. (395 Dec.[?] 4).

CTh.1.15.0. De officio vicarii

CTh.1.15.0. On the office of the vicarius

CTh.1.15.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad silvium paulum mag italiae. post alia: ne tua gravitas occupationibus aliis districta huiusmodi rescriptorum cumulis oneretur, placuit has solas causas gravitati tuae iniungere, in quibus persona potentior inferiorem aut minorem iudicem premere potest aut tale negotium emergit, quod in praesidali iudicio terminari fas non est, vel quod per eosdem praesides diu tractatum apud te debeat terminari.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Silvius Paulus, magister of Italy. After other matters: lest your Gravity, distracted by other occupations, be burdened by heaps of rescripts of this kind, it has pleased us to enjoin upon your Gravity these causes alone: those in which a more powerful person can press upon an inferior or lesser judge, or such a matter emerges as it is not lawful to be terminated in a praesidial judgment, or that which, after having been long handled by those same praesides, ought to be concluded before you.

dat. v k. mart. nicomediae paulino et iuliano consul.

given on the 5th day before the kalends of march at nicomedia, in the consulate of paulinus and julianus.

(325 febr. 25.).

(325 feb. 25.).

CTh.1.15.2

Imp. constantius a. ad caesonianum vicarium africae. relationes iudicum, qui provincias regunt, nec non et rationalium ceterorumque, qui aliquid scientiae nostrae relatum cupiunt, susceptas tua sublimitas nobis celeriter intimare debebit.

The Emperor Constantius Augustus to Caesonianus, Vicar of Africa. Your Sublimity must quickly make known to us the reports of the judges who rule the provinces, and likewise of the rationales (financial officials) and of the others who desire to have something referred to our knowledge, once they have been received.

dat. iiii k. oct. philippo et salia consulibus.

given on the 4th day before the Kalends of October, in the consulship of Philip and Salia.

(348 sept. 28).

(348 September 28).

CTh.1.15.3

Theodosian Code 1.15.3

Idem a. ilico consulari numidiae. cum aliquid rectores provinciarum ad nos referre voluerint, id prius ad vicarium referatur, cui scriptum est, ut suggestiones vel relationes per prosecutores ad comitatum meum transmittendas suscipiat et, quod faciendum viderit, expleat, quippe hoc praeter alia cursus quoque publicus magna relevatione firmabitur. dat.

The same Augustus, to Illico, consularis of Numidia. When the governors of the provinces shall wish to report something to us, let it first be referred to the vicarius, to whom it has been written to receive suggestions or relations to be transmitted by prosecutores to my court and to carry out what he shall have seen ought to be done, since by this, among other things, the public post also will be strengthened with great relief. Given.

iii non. dec. sirmio constantio a. vi et constante c. consul.

December 3 at Sirmium, when Constantius Augustus for the 6th time and Constans Caesar were consuls.

(353 [352?] dec. 3).

(353 [352?] Dec. 3).

CTh.1.15.4

Codex Theodosianus 1.15.4

Imp. iulianus a. ad mamertinum praefectum praetorio. rectores provinciarum sublimitas tua conveniat, ut cunctis de rebus, de quibus ad nos et ad vestram scientiam crediderint referendum, vicarios esse participandos sciant.

emperor julian augustus to mamertinus, praetorian prefect. let your sublimity convene the governors of the provinces, so that they may know that, in all matters which they consider should be referred to us and to your knowledge, the vicars are to be made participants.

accepta viii id. iun. mamertino et nevitta consul. (362 iun.

received on the 8th day before the Ides of June, in the consulship of Mamertinus and Nevitta. (June 362

6.).

CTh.1.15.5

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad dracontium vicarium africae. officium vicariae per africam praefecturae intra eum numerum colligatur, ut trecentos minime possit excedere, sicuti ceterorum vicariorum esse praecepimus.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Dracontius, Vicar of Africa. Let the office-staff of the vicariate of the prefecture throughout Africa be confined within that number, so that it may by no means exceed 300, just as we have prescribed for the other vicars.

dat. viii k. feb. mediolano valentiniano et valente aa. consul.

Dated January 25 at Milan, when Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, were consuls.

(365 ian. 25).

(365 jan. 25).

CTh.1.15.6

Theodosian Code 1.15.6

Idem aa. ad crescentem vicarium africae. si quando ex allectis vel susceptoribus aut tabulariis quispiam ratiocinio sive fraude perhibetur obnoxius, non officialis ad exhibitionem eius dirigatur, sed rectori provinciae rei indago mandetur. ubi primum tamen sinceritas tua provinciam introierit, requirat attente, quam ordinarius iudex iniunctis rebus diligentiam efficaciamque detulerit: qui eorum titulorum, de quibus instructus est, non ad plenum vel discussionem egisse vel satisfactionem deprehenditur curasse, fas erit eum pro neglectu utilitatis publicae dignam commonitionis subire censuram.

The same Augusti to Crescens, Vicar of Africa. If ever anyone from among the allecti or the susceptores or the tabularii is reported as liable by accounting or by fraud, let not an official be sent for his production, but let the investigation of the matter be entrusted to the rector of the province. When first, however, Your Sincerity shall have entered the province, let him carefully inquire what diligence and effectiveness the ordinary judge has rendered in the matters enjoined: if he is found not to have fully carried out either the discussion or to have taken care for the satisfaction of those heads with which he was furnished, it shall be lawful that he, for neglect of the public utility, undergo a censure worthy of admonition.

dat. iiii k. mart. treviris modesto et arintheo consul.

given on the 4th day before the kalends of march at trier, modestus and arintheus, consuls.

(372 feb. 27).

(372 Feb. 27).

CTh.1.15.7

Theodosian Code 1.15.7

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. antonio praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valens, gratian, and valentinian, augusti, to antonius, praetorian prefect.

in civilibus causis vicarios comitibus militum convenit anteferri, in militaribus comites vicariis anteponi: quotiensque societas in iudicando contigerit, priore loco vicarius ponderetur, comes adiunctus accedat; si quidem, cum praefecturae meritum ceteris dignitatibus antestet, vicaria dignitas ipso nomine eius se trahere indicet portionem et sacrae cognitionis habeat potestatem et iudicationis nostrae soleat repraesentare reverentiam. dat. viii id. ian.

in civil causes it is proper that vicars be set before the counts of the soldiery; in military causes, that the counts be set before the vicars: and whenever a partnership in judging shall occur, let the vicar be considered in the prior place, let the adjoined count come in attendance; since indeed, when the merit of the prefecture stands before the other dignities, the vicariate dignity, by its very name, indicates that it draws to itself a portion of it and has the power of sacred cognition and is wont to represent the reverence of our adjudication. given on january 6.

gratiano a. iiii et merobaude consul. (377 ian. 6).

gratian augustus, consul for the 4th time, and merobaudes, consul. (377 jan. 6).

CTh.1.15.8

Theodosian Code 1.15.8

Idem aaa. ad hesperium praefectum praetorio. relationes vicariorum, si quando usus attulerit, ad nostram mansuetudinem deferantur; nam etsi plura sunt, quibus etiam illustris censura tua inconsultis quoque nobis potest dare responsum, scimus tamen aliquanta esse, quae nisi auctoritas principalis oraculi solvere non potest.

The same Augusti to Hesperius, Praetorian Prefect. Let the relations/reports of the vicars, whenever need shall have brought it, be referred to our Clemency; for although there are many matters in which even your Illustrious Censure can give a response without consulting us, nevertheless we know there are certain things which the authority of the imperial oracle alone can resolve.

et relationes iudicum libenter audimus, ne administratorum decrescere videatur auctoritas, si eorum consulta veluti profanorum preces a nostris adytis repellamus. dat. xii k. feb.

And we gladly listen to the reports of the judges, lest the authority of the administrators seem to diminish, if we were to repel their counsels from our inner sanctuaries as though the petitions of the profane. Given on the 12th day before the Kalends of February.

gratiano a. iiii et merobaude consul. (377 [379?] ian. 21.).

gratian, augustus, in his 4th consulship, and merobaudes, consul. (377 [379?] jan. 21.).

CTh.1.15.9

Idem aaa. ad alypium. omnes largitionales titulos laudabilitatis tuae officium more pristino curabit implere speciali cura et periculo, ut utique post hanc praeceptionem culpam cum rationalis officio communicare non possit, a quo etiam curam alienam esse cognoscat.

The same Emperors to Alypius. The office of Your Laudability shall take care to fulfill all largitional titles in the former manner, with special care and at its own peril, so that, assuredly, after this directive it cannot share blame with the office of the Rationalis, from which, moreover, it should recognize that the responsibility is alien.

dat. k. iun. treviris.

given at trier on the kalends of june.

accepta non. iul. valente vi et valentiniano ii aa. consul.

received on the Nones of July, Valens for the 6th time and Valentinian for the 2nd, the Augusti, consuls.

(378 iun. 1.).

(378 June 1.).

CTh.1.15.10

Theodosian Code 1.15.10

Imppp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad syagrium.

the emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius, augusti, to syagrius

vicario africae aditus provinciae proconsularis inhibendus est tantumque ei consilii gratia in thevestinam civitatem accessus pateat. canoni autem cogendo annonae praefectus immineat. vestes largitionales sinceritatis tuae cogat officium, cui negotio etiam rationalis insistat, ita tamen, ut principe loco apparitores tuos maneat et coactionis instantia et deceptionis invidia.

The access of the Vicar of Africa to the proconsular province is to be inhibited, and only for the sake of counsel let an entry be open to him into the Thevestine city. But for compelling the canon, let the Prefect of the Annona press. Let the office of Your Sincerity exact the largitional garments, to which business let the Rationalis also apply himself, yet in such a way that, in the foremost place, both the urgency of coaction and the odium of deception shall remain with your apparitors.

vectigalia sane apud karthaginem constituta vicariae praefecturae apparitio procuret. pp. karthagine. dat.

indeed let the apparitorial staff of the vicariate prefecture administer the tax revenues established at carthage. posted at carthage. given.

vii k. sept. auxonio et olybrio consul. (379 aug.

on the 7th day before the kalends of september in the consulship of auxonius and olybrius. (379 aug.

26.).

CTh.1.15.11

Theodosian Code 1.15.11

Iidem aa. iustiano vicario ponticae. cornicularios officii, quod meritis tuis paret, institutam antiquitus ordinationem militiae repetisse cognovimus, ut peracto corniculario agentium in rebus numero conectantur. sed divalia statuta obsistunt, quibus comperimus virorum quoque illustrium praefectorum praetorio cornicularios, comitis quin etiam orientis camelorum gregibus praecepto sic temporis praefici, quo vicariorum omnium corniculariis variae erogationis in urbe constantinopolitana constat impositam functionem.

The same Emperors to Iustianus, Vicar of Pontica. We have learned that the cornicularii of the office which is subject to your merits have resumed the arrangement of service established of old, namely, that when the cornicularian term is completed they are joined to the number of the agentes in rebus. But divine statutes stand in the way, by which we have found that the cornicularii even of Illustrious Men, the Praetorian Prefects—nay, even of the Count of the East—are by command set over the herds of camels for a set time, whereby it is established that upon the cornicularii of all the vicarii a function of various disbursement in the city of Constantinople has been imposed.

dat. ii non. april.

dated 2 days before the Nones of April (April 4).

thessalonicae gratiano v et theodosio i aa. conss. (380 apr. 4).

at Thessalonica, when Gratian 5 and Theodosius 1, Augusti, were consuls. (380 apr. 4).

CTh.1.15.12

Codex Theodosianus 1.15.12

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. omnibus vicariis.

The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius, Augusti, to all Vicarii.

singuli vicarii per dioeceses sibi creditas ter centenos tantum noverint militare debere, ita ut, quicumque maiorum nexu curiis debentur, municipum functionibus dentur et nemo privilegii alicuius praetextu aut annositatis se defendat obstaculo. dat. vi k. nov.

Let each vicarius know that, throughout the dioceses entrusted to him, only three hundred apiece are obligated to serve in the military; with the proviso that whoever, by ancestral nexus, are owed to the curiae be assigned to municipal functions, and let no one defend himself by the pretext of any privilege or of seniority as an obstacle. Given on the 6th day before the Kalends of November.

honorio n. p. et evodio v. c. consul. (386 oct. 27).

in the consulship of honorius, most noble boy, and evodius, most illustrious man. (386 oct. 27).

CTh.1.15.13

Idem aaa. have tatiane karissime nobis. officium dioeceseos asianae, cuius octo provinciarum ambitus per spatia latiora tenduntur, ducentorum niti apparitione praecipimus.

The same Augusti. Hail, Tatianus, most dear to us. We command that the office of the diocese of Asia, whose circuit of eight provinces is stretched over broader spaces, rely on the attendance of two hundred apparitors.

dat. iiii k. mai. mediolano timasio et promoto consul.

dated on the 4th day before the Kalends of May, at Milan, when Timasius and Promotus were consuls.

(389 apr. 28).

CTh.1.15.14

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. eusebio praefecto praetorio. cavendum est, ne qua ob canonem africae fiat frumenti deceptio.

emperors arcadius and honorius, augusti, to eusebius, praetorian prefect. it must be guarded against, lest any deception regarding grain occur on account of the african canon.

vicarium itaque virum spectabilem per africam volumus in proconsulari provincia exactionis et transmissionis necessitates arripere. dat. xiiii k. ian.

therefore we wish the vicar, a man of spectabilis rank, throughout Africa, in the proconsular province, to take up the necessities of exaction and transmission. given on the 14th day before the Kalends of January.

romae olybrio et probino consul. (395 dec. 19).

at rome olybrius and probinus, consuls. (395 dec. 19).

CTh.1.15.15

Idem aa. ad vincentium praefectum praetorio. virum spectabilem vicarium septem provinciarum reliqua praeteriti temporis exigere iubemus, recentia vero debita ordinarios iudices maturare decernimus, quibus tamen vicarium convenit imminere. dat.

The same Augusti to Vincentius, Praetorian Prefect. We order that the man of Spectabilis rank, the Vicarius of the Seven Provinces, exact the arrears of the time past, but we decree that the ordinary judges expedite the recent debts, over whom, however, it is proper that the Vicarius keep close oversight. Given.

xiiii k. iul. mediolano stilichone et aureliano consul. (400 iun.

18 days before the Kalends of July. at milan stilicho and aurelianus consuls. (400 jun.

18).

CTh.1.15.16

Theodosian Code 1.15.16

Idem aa. vigilio vicario hispaniarum. nullum penitus honoratorum publica salutatione sine chlamydis indumento vicariam potestatem adire oportet. officium itaque decem librarum auri multa tenebitur, si quis nostra statuta violare temptaverit.

The same emperors to Vigilius, vicar of the Spains. Absolutely none of the honorati ought to approach the vicariate authority at the public salutation without the garment of the chlamys. The office, therefore, will be held liable to a fine of ten pounds of gold, if anyone should attempt to violate our statutes.

dat. iiii id. sept. mediolano vincentio et fravito consul.

Given on September 10 at Milan, in the consulship of Vincentius and Fravitus.

(401 sept. 10).

(401 September 10).

CTh.1.15.17

Theodosian Code 1.15.17

Iidem aa. messalae praefecto praetorio. virum spectabilem vicarium africae quem totius collationis ac transmissionis cura constringit, iudicibus volumus imminere, ut, quantum singulis quibusque mensibus collatum sit quidve transmissum, maiore cautione disquirat, in eos procul dubio vindicaturus, quorum fuerit indicata desidia. et cetera.

The same emperors to Messala, Praetorian Prefect. We wish the Spectabilis man, the Vicar of Africa, whom the care of the whole collation and transmission constrains, to press upon the judges, so that he may, with greater caution, inquire how much in each and every month has been collected and what has been transmitted, without doubt about to exact punishment upon those whose sloth shall have been indicated. And the rest.

dat. iii k. octob. altino vincentio et fravito conss.

given on September 29 at Altinum, in the consulship of Vincentius and Fravitus.

(401 sept. 29).

CTh.1.16.0. De officio rectoris provinciae

CTh.1.16.0. On the office of the rector of the province

CTh.1.16.1

Imp. constantinus a. rufino octaviano correctori lucaniae et brittiorum. quicumque extraordinarium iudicium praefectorum vel vicariorum elicuerit vel qui iam consecutus est, eius adversarios et personas causae necessarias minime ad officium praefectorum vel vicarii pergere aut transire patiaris, sed de omni causa in tuo iudicio praesentibus partibus atque personis ita his temporibus ipse cognosce, quae ex eo die computabis, ex quo causa in tuo iudicio coeperit inchoari, ut tunc demum, si ei, qui extraordinarium iudicium postulaverit, tua sententia displicebit, iuxta ordinem legum interposita eam provocatio suspendat atque ad suum iudicem transitum faciat.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Rufinus Octavianus, corrector of Lucania and of the Bruttii. Whoever shall have procured an extraordinary court of the prefects or of the vicars, or whoever has already obtained it, you shall by no means allow their adversaries and the persons necessary to the case to go or pass over to the office of the prefects or of the vicar; but in regard to every cause, with the parties and persons present, at this time you yourself take cognizance in your own court, computing the time limits from that day on which the case began to be initiated in your court; so that then at length, if your sentence shall displease the one who has requested the extraordinary court, an appeal interposed according to the order of the laws may suspend it and make passage to his own judge.

dat. iii non. aug.

dated the 3rd day before the Nones of August.

treviris constantino iiii et licinio iiii consul. (315 aug. 3).

At Trier, in the consulship of Constantine 4 and Licinius 4. (315 aug. 3).

CTh.1.16.2

Theodosian Code 1.16.2

Idem a. ad bassum. decreta provincialium non prius ad comitatum perferri oportet, quam singuli quique iudicantes ea inspexerint atque probaverint suaque adscriptione signaverint. si quid fiat contrarium, competens ultio exerceatur.

The same emperor, to Bassus. The decrees of the provincials ought not to be conveyed to the imperial court before each individual judge has inspected and approved them and has signed them with his own subscription. If anything is done to the contrary, let the appropriate retribution be enforced.

proposita viii k. oct. carali gallicano et basso consul. (317 sept.

published on 24 September at Caralis, in the consulship of Gallicanus and Bassus. (317 Sept.

24).

CTh.1.16.3

Idem a. ad felicem praesidem corsicae. cum sex menses transcurrerint, breves omnium negotiorum ab officio tuo descripti commeent ad scrinia eminentissimae praefecturae, ut his recensitis et ad scrinia nostra perlatis pandatur, quis iudicum et in quibus discingendis causis fidelem operam praestiterit, quo vel dignus praemium mereatur vel neglegens coercitionem incurrat: adeundi tuum iudicium de neglegentia vel avaritia tui officii data provincialibus facultate. de eo sane, qui pretio depravatus aut gratia perperam iudicaverit, ei vindicta quem laeserit non solum existimationis dispendiis, sed etiam litis discrimine praebeatur.

The same Augustus to Felix, governor of Corsica. When six months shall have elapsed, briefs of all business, drawn up by your officium, are to go to the scrinia of the most eminent Prefecture, so that, these having been reviewed and carried to our scrinia, it may be laid open which of the judges, and in what causes to be decided, has rendered faithful service—whereby either the worthy may merit a reward, or the negligent incur coercion: with the power granted to the provincials of approaching your judgment concerning the negligence or avarice of your officium. As to him, indeed, who, corrupted by a price or by favor, shall have judged wrongly, let vindication be afforded to the one whom he has injured, not only by losses of reputation, but also by the peril of the suit.

dat. viiii k. nov. sirmio constantino a. v et licinio caes.

Dated 9 days before the Kalends of November (October 24), at Sirmium, in the 5th consulship of Constantine Augustus and that of Licinius, Caesar.

consul. (319 oct. 24).

CTh.1.16.4

Theodosian Code 1.16.4

Idem a. ad maximum. praesides provinciarum oportet, si quis potiorum extiterit insolentior et ipsi vindicare non possunt aut examinare aut pronuntiare nequeunt, de eius nomine ad nos aut certe ad gravitatis tuae scientiam referre, quo provideatur, qualiter publicae disciplinae et laesis minoribus consulatur. et cetera.

The same Augustus to Maximus. The governors of the provinces ought, if any of the more powerful has proved more insolent and they themselves cannot vindicate or are not able to examine or pronounce judgment, to refer concerning his name to us or at least to the knowledge of your gravity, in order that provision may be made as to how public discipline may be cared for and the injured lesser persons may be consulted for. And the rest.

dat. iiii k. ian. treviris ianuarino et iusto consul.

Given on December 29, at Trier, in the consulship of Ianuarinus and Iustus.

(328 [?] dec. 29).

(328 [?] Dec. 29).

CTh.1.16.5

Codex Theodosianus 1.16.5

Idem a. secundo praefecto praetorio orientis. ordinarii iudicis provinciarum rectoris seu vicaria potestas ut speculatrix debet prave gesta corrigere. sed officiales vestrae celsitudinis et vicariae potestatis placet ab exactionibus amoveri et per provincialia officia atque rectores cunctos exigi titulos.

The same Augustus to Secundus, Praetorian Prefect of the East. The authority of the ordinary judge—of the provincial rector or the vicariate—ought, as a watchful inspector, to correct things done amiss. But it pleases us that the officials of your Highness and of the vicariate authority be removed from exactions, and that the titles be exacted through the provincial offices and all rectors.

nam si exactio minime impleatur, ante tribunal nostrum exhibitus capitis fortunarumque omnium periculum sustinebit. dat. xiiii k. mai.

for if the exaction is in no way fulfilled, the person presented before our tribunal will sustain the peril of his life and of all his fortunes. Given on the 14th day before the Kalends of May.

constantinopoli constantino a. viii et constantio iiii conss. (329 [362/3] apr. 18).

at constantinople, under constantine, augustus, for the 8th time, and constantius for the 4th, consuls. (329 [362/3] apr. 18).

CTh.1.16.6

Idem a. ad provinciales. praesides publicas notiones exerceant frequentatis per examina tribunalibus, nec civiles controversias audituri secretariis sese abscondant, ut iurgaturus conveniendi eos nisi pretio facultatem impetrare non possit, et cum negotiis omnibus, quae ad se delata fuerint, exhibuerint audientiam et frequens praeconis, ut adsolet fieri, inclamatio nullum, qui postulare voluerit, deprehenderit, expletis omnibus actibus publicis privatisque sese recipiant. iustissimos autem et vigilantissimos iudices publicis adclamationibus collaudandi damus omnibus potestatem, ut honoris eis auctiores proferamus processus, e contrario iniustis et maleficis querellarum vocibus accusandis, ut censurae nostrae vigor eos absumat; nam si verae voces sunt nec ad libidinem per clientelas effusae, diligenter investigabimus, praefectis praetorio et comitibus, qui per provincias constituti sunt, provincialium nostrorum voces ad nostram scientiam referentibus.

The same emperor to the provincials. Let the governors conduct public inquests, with the tribunals thronged for examinations, nor, when about to hear civil controversies, let them hide themselves among their secretaries, so that one intending to litigate cannot obtain the faculty of meeting them except by a price; and when they have afforded audience to all business that has been brought before them, and the frequent outcry of the herald, as is wont to be done, has detected no one who wished to make a petition, let them withdraw, all public and private acts having been completed. Moreover, we grant to all the power of praising by public acclamations the most just and most vigilant judges, so that we may bring forth more augmented advances of honor for them; conversely, of accusing the unjust and malefactors by voices of complaints, so that the vigor of our censure may consume them. For if the voices are true and not poured out to desire through clienteles, we will investigate diligently, with the praetorian prefects and the counts who are established through the provinces reporting to our knowledge the voices of our provincials.

propostia k. nov. constantinopoli basso et ablavio consul. (331 nov.

posted on the Kalends of November at constantinople, bassus and ablavius consuls. (331 november

1).

CTh.1.16.7 [=brev.1.6.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad provinciales. cessent iam nunc rapaces officialium manus, cessent inquam: nam si moniti non cessaverint, gladiis praecidentur.

Emperor Constantine, Augustus, to the provincials. Let the rapacious hands of the officials cease right now, let them cease, I say: for if, after being warned, they do not cease, they will be cut off by swords.

non sit venale iudicis velum, non ingressus redempti*, non infame licitationibus secretarium, non visio ipsa praesidis cum pretio: aeque aures iudicantis pauperrimis ac divitibus reserentur. absit ab inducendo eius, qui officii princeps dicitur, depraedatio. nullas litigatoribus adiutores eorundem officii principum concussiones adhibeant; centurionum aliorumque officialium, parva magnaque poscentium, intolerandi impetus oblidantur, eorumque, qui iurgantibus acta restituunt, inexpleta aviditas temperetur.

let not the judge’s curtain be venal, nor entry bought*, nor the secretarium infamous with licitations, nor the very sight of the governor with a price: let the ears of the judge be opened equally to the very poor and to the rich. let plundering be absent from the induction of him who is called the princeps of the office. let the adjutants of those same principes of the office employ no extortions upon litigants; let the intolerable onrushes of centurions and other officials, demanding small and great sums, be crushed, and let the unsated greed of those who restore the records to disputants be restrained.

semper invigilet industria praesidalis, ne quicquam a praedictis generibus hominum de litigatore sumatur. qui si de civilibus causis quicquam putaverint esse poscendum, aderit armata censura, quae nefariorum capita cervicesque detruncet, data copia universis, qui concussi fuerint, ut praesidum instruant notionem. qui si dissimulaverint, super eodem conquerendi vocem omnibus aperimus apud comites cunctos provinciarum aut apud praefectum praetorio, si magis fuerit in vicino, ut his referentibus edocti, super talibus latrociniis supplicia proferamus.

Let the governor’s industry be ever vigilant, lest anything be taken from the litigant by the aforesaid classes of men. And if they think that anything ought to be demanded in civil causes, an armed censure will be at hand to cut off the heads and necks of the nefarious, with opportunity given to all who have been shaken down (extorted) to inform the governors’ inquiry. And if they should dissemble, we open to all the voice of complaint on the same matter before all the Counts of the Provinces or before the Praetorian Prefect, if he is nearer at hand, so that, instructed by their reports, we may bring forth punishments upon such brigandages.

dat. kal. nov.

given on the Kalends of November.

constantinopoli, basso et ablavio vv. cc. coss.

at Constantinople, Bassus and Ablavius, most distinguished men, consuls.

interpretatio. officiales omnium iudicum venales esse non audeant, neque pretium de introitu occurrentium aut litigantium vel egressu requirant. sed interpellantes tam divites, quam sine ullo praemio pauperes audiantur. quod si rapaces esse voluerint, gladio puniantur, aut certe de eorum rapacitate dominicis auribus referatur

interpretation. the officials of all judges should not dare to be venal, nor demand a price at the entry of those appearing or litigating, or at the exit. but let the interpellants be heard, both the rich and the poor without any fee. but if they should wish to be rapacious, let them be punished by the sword, or at least let their rapacity be reported to the lordly ears

CTh.1.16.8

Imp. iulianus a. secundo praefecto praetorio. quaedam sunt negotia, in quibus superfluum est moderatorem exspectari provinciae: ideoque pedaneos iudices, hoc est qui negotia humiliora disceptent, constituendi damus praesidibus potestatem.

Emperor julian augustus to secundus, praetorian prefect. There are certain affairs in which it is superfluous for the moderator of the province to be waited for: and therefore we grant to the governors the power of appointing pedanei judges, that is, those who adjudicate humbler matters.

dat. v kal. aug.

given on the 5th day before the kalends of august.

antiochiae mamertino et nevitta conss. (362 iul. 28).

at antioch mamertinus and nevitta consuls. (362 jul. 28).

CTh.1.16.9 [=brev.1.6.2]

Theodosian Code 1.16.9 [= Breviary 1.6.2]

Impp. valentin. et valens aa. have arthemi, carissime nobis.

emperors valentinian and valens, augusti. hail, arthemius, dearest to us.

iudex sibi hanc praecipuam curam in audiendis ac discingendis litibus impositam esse non ambigat, ita ut non in secessu domus de statu hominum vel patrimoniorum sententiam ferat, sed apertis secretarii foribus, intro vocatis omnibus, aut pro tribunali locatus et civiles et criminales controversias audiat, ne congruae ultionis animadversio cohibeatur. absit autem, ut iudex, popularitati et spectaculorum editionibus mancipatus, plus ludicris curae tribuat quam seriis actibus. dat.

Let the judge not doubt that this chief care has been imposed upon himself in hearing and disentangling lawsuits, such that he shall not render a sentence on the status of persons or of patrimonies in the recess of a house, but, with the doors of the secretarium opened and all called within, or having taken his place upon the tribunal, he shall hear both civil and criminal controversies, lest the animadversion of fitting vengeance be restrained. Far be it, moreover, that the judge, mancipated to popularity and to the putting-on of spectacles, should assign more care to ludic matters than to serious acts. Given.

kal. oct. aquileia, divo ioviano et varroniano coss.

on the Kalends of October, at aquileia, under the consulship of the divine jovian and varronianus.

interpretatio. iudex hanc sibi praecipuam curam in audiendis litibus impendendam esse cognoscat, ut litigantium causas iugiter, adhibita aequitate, discutiat: sciturus, non se in secretis domus aut in quibuscumque* angulis finitivam sententiam prolaturum, sed apertis domus suae ianuis intromissisque turbis, ut neminem lateat, quicquid secundum legum vel veritatis ordinem fuerit iudicatum

interpretation. let the judge recognize that this special care is to be expended by him in hearing lawsuits, that he continually, equity applied, examine the causes of the litigants: knowing that he is not going to deliver the definitive sentence in the secret places of the house or in whatever* corners, but with the doors of his house opened and the crowds admitted, so that it may be hidden from no one, whatever shall have been judged according to the order of the laws or of truth

CTh.1.16.10 [=brev.1.6.3]

Iidem aa. ad valerianum vicarium hispaniarum. libellos iudicibus, postquam se receperint, vetamus offerri, ne super alienis causis vel statu pronuntient, quando ab officii conspectu atque ab oculis publicis recesserint. praelata vi. id. sept.

The same Emperors to valerianus, vicar of the Spains. We forbid petitions to be offered to judges, after they have withdrawn, lest they pronounce on others’ causes or status, when they have retired from the sight of the office and from public eyes. published on the 6th day before the Ides of September.

veronae, valentin. et valente aa. coss.

at Verona, in the consulship of Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti.

interpretatio. iudices, postquam se de consessu publico in domum suam receperint, libellos a litigatoribus non accipiant, nec sine officio suo de causis alienis vel de statu aliquid cognoscant

interpretation. judges, after they have withdrawn from the public session into their own home, should not accept petitions from litigants, nor should they take cognizance, without their office, of anything about others’ cases or about status

CTh.1.16.11 [=brev.1.6.4]

Imppp. valentin., valens et grat. aaa.

emperors valentinian, valens and gratian, augusti.

ad probum pf. p. provinciis praesidentes per omnium villas sensim atque usitatim vicosque cunctos discurrant et ultro rimentur a singulis, quid unusquisque compulsor insolenter egisset aut cupide. is enim, de quo aliqua ad nos querela pervenerit, ad ultimam poenam rapietur. dat.

To Probus, Praetorian Prefect: let those presiding over the provinces run through all the villas gradually and in the usual way and all the villages, and of their own accord scrutinize from individuals what each compulsor (tax-enforcer) has done insolently or greedily. For the one about whom any complaint shall have reached us will be seized for the ultimate penalty. Given.

kal. april. treviris, valentin.

1 April, at Trier, Valentinian.

n. p. et victore v.C. coss.

N. P. and Victor, a most distinguished man, consuls.

interpretatio. iudices provinciarum operam dare debebunt, ut per singulos agros et loca sollicita inquisitione discurrant et per se, qualiter in solutione publici debiti cum possessoribus agatur, agnoscant. cuius rei curam si implere neglexerint, querelam civium non dubitent in se severissime vindicandam

interpretation. judges of the provinces will have to give their effort, so that through each field and place they may run about with solicitous inquisition and, in person, may recognize how, in the payment of the public debt, it is transacted with the possessors. If they neglect to fulfill the care of this matter, let them not doubt that the complaint of the citizens will be most severely punished upon themselves.

CTh.1.16.12 [i,16,11 h.]

CTh.1.16.12 [1,16,11 h.]

Idem aaa. ad viventium praefectum praetorio. unusquisque iudex in his locis sedem constituat, in quibus oportet omnibus praesto esse rectorem, non deverticula deliciosa sectetur.

The same, the Augusti, to Viventius, Praetorian Prefect. let each judge establish a seat in those places in which it is fitting that a rector be at hand for all, not pursue delightful byways.

addimus sane, ut eius, qui provinciae praesidentem propria possessione susceperit, ager, quem diversorium habuerit praedictus in transitu, fisci viribus vindicetur. ita enim iudices mansiones instruere et instaurare nitentur. dat.

We indeed add that the land of him who has received the president of the province within his own possession—the field which the aforesaid, in transit, shall have had as a lodging-place—be claimed by the powers of the fisc. Thus judges will strive to equip and restore the mansiones (posting-stations). Given.

kal. apr. trev.

kalends of april, trier.

valentiniano n. p. et victore conss. (369 apr. 1).

in the consulship of valentinian, most noble youth, and victor. (369 apr. 1).

CTh.1.16.13

Theodosian Code 1.16.13

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. ad antonium praefectum praetorio.

The Emperors Valens, Gratian, and Valentinian, Augusti, to Antonius, Praetorian Prefect.

ne quis domum iudicis ordinarii postmeridiano tempore ex occasione secreti ingredi familiariter affectet eiusdem dumtaxat provinciae, sive notus iudici sive etiam ignotus, gesti tamen honoris auctoritatem praeferens. dat. v kal.

Let no one of that same province attempt familiarly to enter the house of the ordinary judge in the afternoon under the pretext of a secret (private audience), whether known to the judge or even unknown, yet flaunting the authority of an honor formerly held. Given on the 5th day before the Kalends.

aug. mogontiaco gratiano a. iiii et merobaude conss.

august, at mogontiacum, when gratian, augustus, for the 4th time, and merobaudes were consuls.

interpretatio. ne quis notus aut ignotus, eius tamen provinciae homo meridianis horis aut secretis iudicem videat. (377 iul. 28)

interpretation. let no one, known or unknown, yet a man of that same province, see the judge at midday hours or in secret. (377 July 28)

CTh.1.16.14 [=brev.1.6.5]

Impp. honor. et theodos.

Emperors honorius and theodosius.

aa. theodoro pf. p. moderatores provinciae curam gerere iubemus, ne quid potentium procuratores perperam illiciteque committant. dat. viii.

The Emperors to Theodorus, Praetorian Prefect. We order the governors of the provinces to take care that the procurators of the powerful commit nothing wrongly and unlawfully. Given on the 8th.

kal. dec. ravenna, basso et philippo vv. cc. coss.

1 december, ravenna, bassus and philippus, most illustrious men, consuls.

interpretatio. iudices provinciarum summam sollicitudinem habere debent, ne actores potentum aliquid circa inferiores personas illicite iniusteque committant

interpretation. provincial judges ought to have the greatest solicitude, lest the agents of the powerful commit anything illicit and unjust concerning inferior persons

CTh.1.17.0. De officio rationalis summarum et rei privatae

CTh.1.17.0. On the office of the rationalis of the sums and of the private estate

CTh.1.18.0. De officio praefecti vigilum

CTh.1.18.0. On the office of the Prefect of the Watch

CTh.1.19.0. De officio tribuni voluptatum

CTh.1.19.0. On the office of the tribune of pleasures

CTh.1.20.0. [=brev.1.7.0.] De officio iudicum civilium.

CTh.1.20.0. [=brev.1.7.0.] On the office of the civil judges.

CTh.1.20.1 [=brev.1.7.1]

Imppp. arcad., honor. et theodos.

The emperors Arcadius, Honorius, and Theodosius.

aaa. curtio pf. p. honorati, qui lites habere noscuntur, his horis, quibus causarum merita vel facta panduntur, residendi cum iudice non habeant facultatem: nec meridianis horis a litigatoribus iudices videantur. quina itaque pondo auri tam iudici, quam eius officio et honoratis parem mulctam adscribendam esse cognoscas, si quis contra praeceptum huiusmodi venire tentaverit.

The Emperors to Curtius, Praetorian Prefect. The honorati, who are known to have lawsuits, shall not have the faculty, at those hours at which the merits of causes or the facts are laid open, of sitting with the judge: nor at the midday hours should judges be seen by litigants. Therefore know that a fine of 5 pounds of gold is to be assigned equally both to the judge and to his officium and to the honorati, if anyone should attempt to come against a precept of this kind.

dat. iii. non.

dated on the 3rd before the Nones.

febr. roma, basso et philippo vv. cc. coss.

february, rome, bassus and philippus, most distinguished men, consuls.

interpretatio. honorati provinciarum (id est, ex curiae corpore), si et ipsi in lite sunt constituti, tempore, quo causae aliorum a iudicibus ventilantur, cum iudice non resideant: et litigatores meridianis horis iudicem non salutent. si aliud praesumpserint*, mulctam supra scriptae legis exsolvant

interpretation. the honorati of the provinces (that is, from the body of the curia), if they themselves also are constituted in a suit, at the time when the cases of others are being ventilated by the judges, are not to sit with the judge: and litigants are not to salute the judge at the midday hours. if they shall have presumed otherwise*, let them pay the fine of the above-written law.

CTh.1.21.0. [=brev.1.8.0.] De officio iudicum militarium.

CTh.1.21.0. [=brev.1.8.0.] On the office of military judges.

CTh.1.21.1 [=brev.1.8.1]

Imppp. theodos., arcad. et honor.

The Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, and Honorius.

aaa. comitibus et magistris utriusque militiae. numquam* omnino negotiis privatorum vel tuitio militis vel exsecutio tribuatur.

aaa. to the counts and to the masters of both services. Never* at all let either the protection of a soldier or the execution be granted to the business of private persons.

dat. prid. id. febr.

dated the day before the Ides of February.

constantinopoli, theodos. a. iii. et abundantio v.C. coss.

At Constantinople, Theodosius, Augustus, for the 3rd time, and Abundantius, a most distinguished man, consuls.

interpretatio. nulli penitus in civilibus causis militaris vel tuitio vel exsecutio deputetur

interpretation. let no military protection or enforcement at all be assigned in civil cases

CTh.1.22.0. De officio iudicum omnium

CTh.1.22.0. On the office of all judges

CTh.1.22.1 [=brev.1.9.1]

Imp. constantinus a. ad domitium celsum vicarium. nemo iudex officialem ad eam domum, in qua materfamilias agit, cum aliquo praecepto existimet esse mittendum, ut eandem in publicum protrahat, quum certum sit, debita eius, quae intra domum, considerato sexu, semet contineat, domus eius vel cuiuscumque* rei habita distractione, publicis necessitatibus posse servari.

Emperor Constantine Augustus to Domitius Celsus, Vicar. Let no judge think that an official is to be sent to that house in which a materfamilias resides, with any precept, to drag the same into public, since it is certain that her debts—she keeping herself within the house, account being taken of her sex—can be secured for public necessities by distraint, with the sale of her house or of whatever property.

quod si quis in publicum matremfamilias posthac crediderit protrahendam, inter maximos reos, citra ullam indulgentiam, capitali poena vel exquisitis potius exitiis suppliciisque plectatur. dat. iii.

But if anyone hereafter shall have believed that a materfamilias ought to be dragged into public, let him, among the greatest culprits and without any indulgence, be punished with the capital penalty or, rather, with exquisitely contrived executions and punishments. Given on the 3rd.

id. ian. treviris, sabino et rufino coss.

On the Ides of January at Trier, in the consulship of Sabinus and Rufinus.

interpretatio. nullus iudicum matronam in domo sua residentem per quemcumque* apparitorem ad publicum existimet protrahendam, sed circa eam, pro sexus reverentia, conventio honesta servetur: quum, si quid eam debere constiterit, constrictis eius auctoribus possit exsolvi. nam si quis contra fecerit, summo supplicio se afficiendum esse cognoscat

interpretatio. no judge is to suppose that a matron, residing in her own house, must be dragged into public by whatever* apparitor; rather, around her, out of reverence for the sex, let an honorable convening be observed: since, if it has been established that she owes anything, it can be paid by binding her sureties. For if anyone shall have done otherwise, let him know that he is to be subjected to the supreme punishment

CTh.1.22.2 [=brev.1.9.2]

Idem a. andronico. si contra pupillos, viduas vel morbo fatigatos et debiles impetratum fuerit lenitatis nostrae iudicium, memorati a nullo nostrorum iudicum compellantur comitatui nostro sui copiam facere. quin imo intra provinciam, in qua litigator et testes vel instrumenta sunt, experiantur iurgandi fortunam, atque omni cautela servetur, ne terminos provinciarum suarum cogantur excedere.

The same Augustus to andronico. If, on behalf of minors, widows, or those wearied by sickness and weak, a judgment of our lenity has been obtained, the aforementioned are not to be compelled by any of our judges to make their person available to our comitatus; rather indeed, let them try the fortune of litigating within the province in which the litigant and the witnesses or the instruments (documents) are, and let every caution be observed, lest they be forced to exceed the boundaries of their provinces.

quod si pupilli vel viduae aliique fortunae iniuria miserabiles iudicium nostrae serenitatis oraverint, praesertim cum alicuius potentiam perhorrescunt, cogantur eorum adversarii examini nostro sui copiam facere. dat. xv. kal.

But if wards or widows and others made pitiable by the injury of fortune shall have prayed for the judgment of our Serenity, especially when they shudder at someone’s power, let their adversaries be compelled to make themselves available to our examination. Given, on the 15th day before the Kalends.

iul. constantinopoli, optato et paulino coss.

july. at constantinople, optatus and paulinus, consuls.

interpretatio. quicumque* adversus pupillos, viduas et aegrotos nostra praecepta meruerit, eos de locis suis commovendi vel extra provinciam suam usquam penitus protrahendi licentiam summovemus, ut ibi causam suam dicant, ubi instructiores esse et testimonia possint facilius invenire. sane si ipsi, quorum fatigationi consulimus, nos crediderint expetendos, huic voluntati eorum veniendi aditum non negamus; ita ut adversarii eorum sub praesentia principis adesse per rectorem provinciae compellantur

interpretation. whoever* has incurred our precept against wards, widows, and the sick, we remove the license of moving them from their own places or of dragging them anywhere at all utterly outside their province, so that they may plead their cause there where they are better instructed and can more easily find testimonies. Yet if they themselves, whose fatigue we have in view, shall deem that we are to be sought, we do not deny access for them to come according to this wish; provided that their adversaries are compelled, through the governor of the province, to be present before the emperor

CTh.1.22.3

Imp. iulianus a. ad mamertinum. conventis rectoribus a sublimitate tua edi non minus criminalia acta quam civilia iubemus, his videlicet, quorum salus ad discrimen vocatur.

Emperor Julian Augustus to Mamertinus. With the governors convened by Your Sublimity, we order that criminal proceedings be held no less than civil ones, namely for those whose welfare is called into jeopardy.

dat. xi kal. dec.

dated on the 11th day before the kalends of december.

antiochiae iuliano a. iiii et sallustio conss. (363 nov. 21).

at antioch, under julian augustus for the 4th time and sallustius, consuls. (363 nov. 21).

CTh.1.22.4pr. [=brev.1.9.3pr.]

Imppp. grat., valentin. et theodos.

emperors gratian, valentinian, and theodosius.

aaa. pars actorum habitorum in consistorio gratiani augusti. grat.

aaa. part of the acts held in the consistory of Gratian Augustus. grat.

augustus dixit: det operam iudex, ut praetorium suum ipse componat.

The Augustus said: let the judge see to it that he himself set his praetorium in order.

CTh.1.22.4.1 [=brev.1.9.3.1]

Theodosian Code 1.22.4.1 [=Breviary 1.9.3.1]

Ceterum neque comiti, neque rectori provinciae plus aliquid praestabitur, quam nos concessimus in annonis seu cellariis etc. actum in consistorio, merobaude ii. et saturnino coss.

Moreover, neither to the count nor to the governor of the province will anything more be furnished than we have granted in the annonae or the cellars, etc. done in the consistory, Merobaudes for the 2nd time and Saturninus, consuls.

interpretatio. iudicem praetorium suum de proprio debere componere et nihil a provincialibus aliquid amplius petere, quam ei in annonis vel cellariis a principe fuerit deputatum

interpretation. the judge ought to maintain his praetorium from his own means, and to ask nothing more from the provincials than what has been assigned to him by the emperor in the rations (annonae) or cellars.

CTh.1.27.0. De episcopali definitione

CTh.1.27.0. On the episcopal definition

CTh.1.27.1

Imp. constantinus a. iudex pro sua sollicitudine observare debebit, ut, si ad episcopale iudicium provocetur, silentium accommodetur et, si quis ad legem christianam negotium transferre voluerit et illud iudicium observare, audiatur, etiamsi negotium apud iudicem sit inchoatum, et pro sanctis habeatur, quidquid ab his fuerit iudicatum: ita tamen, ne usurpetur in eo, ut unus ex litigantibus pergat ad supra dictum auditorium et arbitrium suum enuntiet. iudex enim praesentis causae integre habere debet arbitrium, ut omnibus accepto latis pronuntiet.

The Emperor Constantine Augustus: the judge, out of his own solicitude, ought to observe that, if appeal is made to episcopal judgment, a stay be accommodated; and if anyone should wish to transfer the matter to the Christian law and to observe that judgment, he shall be heard, even if the matter has been begun before the judge, and whatever has been judged by them shall be held as sacrosanct. Provided, however, that it not be usurped to this extent, that one of the litigants should go to the aforesaid auditorium and announce his own arbitrium. For the judge of the present case ought to have the arbitrium entire, so that, when everything has been received and laid out, he may pronounce.

data viiii kal. iulias constantinopoli ..... a. et crispo caes. conss.

given on the 9th day before the kalends of July at Constantinople, ..... A. and Crispus, Caesar, consuls.

(.... iun. 23).

(.... June 23).

CTh.1.27.2

Theodosian Code 1.27.2

Imppp. arcadius, honorius et theodosius aaa. theodoro praefecto praetorio.

the emperors arcadius, honorius, and theodosius, the augusti, to theodorus, praetorian prefect.

episcopale iudicium sit ratum omnibus, qui se audiri a sacerdotibus adquieverint. cum enim possint privati inter consentientes etiam iudice nesciente audire, his licere id patimur, quos necessario veneramur eamque illorum iudicationi adhibendam esse reverentiam, quam vestris deferri necesse est potestatibus, a quibus non licet provocare. per publicum quoque officium, ne sit cassa cognitio, definitioni exsecutio tribuatur.

Let the episcopal judgment be valid for all who have acquiesced to be heard by the priests. For since private persons are able, among consenting parties, even with the judge unaware, to hear cases, we allow this to those whom we necessarily venerate, and the same reverence is to be applied to their adjudication as must be deferred to your powers, from which it is not permitted to appeal. And through the public office as well, lest the proceeding be void, let execution be granted to the decision.

dat. id. dec. basso et philippo conss.

dated the 13th of december, in the consulship of Bassus and Philip.

(408 dec. 13).

(December 13, 408).

CTh.1.28.0. De defensoribus senatus.

CTh.1.28.0. On the defenders of the senate.

CTh.1.28.1

Imp. constantius a. ad senatum. mandanda defensio sit his, quorum fides probabilis aestimatur, ut in singulis quibusque provinciis obsistant, ne quid contra morem atque iustitiam aut competentem pensionum modum a senatoribus postuletur; praesertim cum ea tantum solvi oporteat, quae vel in delegatione manu nostrae mansuetudinis adnotantur vel a praefectura pro rerum necessitatibus postulantur.

Emperor Constantius Augustus to the Senate. Let the defense be entrusted to those whose good faith is judged probable, so that in each and every province they may stand in the way, lest anything be demanded from senators contrary to custom and justice or to the competent measure of payments; especially since only those things ought to be paid which either are noted in the delegation by the hand of our mildness, or are demanded by the Prefecture for the necessities of affairs.

dat. v non. mai.

dated 5 days before the Nones of May (May 3)

tauro et florentio conss. (361 mai. 3).

under the consulship of Taurus and Florentius. (May 3, 361).

CTh.1.28.2

Codex Theodosianus 1.28.2

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad clearchum vicarium asiae. habeant senatores potestatem deligendi ex corpore suo singulos vel binos per singulas quasque provincias, qui omnium patrimonia optentu sui ac munitione defendant, depensae quoque capitationis relevatione.

The emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Clearchus, vicar of Asia. Let the senators have the power of selecting from their own body single men or pairs for each and every province, who may defend the patrimonies of all by their influence and protection, with a relief also of the payment of the capitation.

nam commodum principalem divalis iuliani quod ad solos decuriones per gratiam iudicum pervenisse dicitur, non ad curiales tantum, sed ad cunctarum lassas gentium utilitates iubemus communi lege transire. dat. prid.

for we order that the imperial benefit of the Divine Julian, which is said to have reached only the decurions through the favor of the judges, pass by a common law not to the curials only, but to the benefit of all peoples wearied. Given, the day before.

non. mai. nicomedia divo ioviano et varroniano conss.

the nones of may. nicomedia in the consulship of the deified jovian and varronianus.

(364 mai. 6).

(364 May 6).

CTh.1.28.3

Theodosian Code 1.28.3

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. ad vindaonium magnum praefectum urbi.

The emperors Valens, Gratian, and Valentinian, the Augusti, to Vindaonius Magnus, Prefect of the City.

quotiens fiscalium functionum dispositio tractatur, absente senatus defensore nihil sibi praesumant vel curiales vel iudices ordinare, ne quid contra commodum coetus amplissimi iustitiae ratione despecta temerariae usurpationis decernat audacia, cum etiam hanc licentiam defensoribus dederimus, ut, si forte in contumeliam senatus divalis fuerit forma neglecta, referre festinent. dat. iiii k. iun.

Whenever the disposition of fiscal functions is being handled, with the Defender of the Senate absent, neither curials nor judges should presume to ordain anything for themselves, lest the audacity of temerarious usurpation, with the reason of justice despised, decree anything against the advantage of the most ample assembly; since we have even granted this license to the Defenders, that, if perchance the imperial form has been neglected to the insult of the Senate, they should hasten to report it. Given May 29.

antiochia valente v et valentiniano aa. conss. (376 mai. 29).

antioch, when valens 5 and valentinian, the augusti, were consuls (376 May 29).

CTh.1.28.4

Imppp. theodosius, arcadius et honorius aaa. aureliano praefecto urbi.

the emperors theodosius, arcadius, and honorius, the three augusti, to aurelianus, prefect of the city.

defensores senatorum per provincias constitutos suscepti officii tenere convenit libertatem. qua de re, si quando ab ordinario cognitore privilegia amplissimi ordinis deteruntur ac renitendi sibi copia denegatur, ad nos referre non dubitent, ne singulorum diffidentia cunctorum crescat iniuria. dat.

It is proper that the defenders of the senators, constituted throughout the provinces, should maintain the liberty of the office they have undertaken. Wherefore, if ever by the ordinary cognitor (judge) the privileges of the most ample order are worn down, and the opportunity of resisting for themselves is denied, let them not hesitate to refer to us, lest from the diffidence of individuals the injury of all should increase. Given.

iii kal. mart. constantinopoli theodosio a. iii et abundantio v. c. conss.

on the 3rd day before the Kalends of March, at Constantinople, in the consulship of Theodosius Augustus for the 3rd time and Abundantius, a most distinguished man, consuls.

(393 febr. 27).

(393 Feb. 27).

CTh.1.29.0. De defensoribus civitatum

CTh.1.29.0. On the defenders of the cities

CTh.1.29.1

Impp. valentinianus et valens aa. ad probum praefectum praetorio. admodum utiliter edimus, ut plebs omnis illyrici officiis patronorum contra potentium defendatur iniurias.

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, to Probus, Praetorian Prefect. We most usefully issue that the entire plebs of Illyricum be defended by the offices of patrons against the injuries of the powerful.

super singulas quasque praedictae dioeceseos civitates aliquos idoneis moribus quorumque vita anteacta laudatur tua sinceritas ad hoc eligere curet officium, qui aut provinciis praefuerunt aut forensium stipendiorum egere militiam aut inter agentes in rebus palatinosque meruerunt. decurionibus ista non credat; his etiam, qui officio tui culminis vel ordinariis quibuscumque rectoribus aliquando paruerint, non committat hoc munus; referatur vero ad scientiam nostram, qui in quo oppido fuerint ordinati. dat.

Over each and every city of the aforesaid diocese, Your Sincerity should take care to choose for this office certain men of suitable morals, and whose prior life is commended—men who have either presided over provinces, or have borne service in forensic stipendiary posts, or have served among the agentes in rebus and the palatine officials. Let him not entrust these things to the Decurions; nor let him commit this duty to those who at any time have been subject to the office of Your Eminence or to whatever ordinary governors. But let it be reported to our knowledge who has been appointed in which town. Given.

v k. mai. divo ioviano et varroniano conss. (364 [immo 368 posteave] apr.

5 days before the Kalends of May, under the consuls the deified Jovian and Varronianus. (364 [rather 368 or later] Apr.)

27).

CTh.1.29.2

Theodosian Code 1.29.2

Id. aa. senecae. si quis de tenuioribus ac minusculariis interpellandum te esse crediderit, in minoribus causis acta conficias: scilicet ut, si quando quis vel debitum iustum vel servum qui per fugam fuerit elapsus vel quod ultra delegationem dederit postulaverit vel quodlibet horum tua disceptatione restituas; ceteras vero, quae dignae forensi magnitudine videbuntur, ordinario insinuato rectori. et cetera.

The same emperors to Seneca. If anyone from among the poorer and the petty dealers should believe that you are to be appealed to, in lesser causes complete the acts: namely, that, if ever someone shall have demanded either a just debt, or a slave who has slipped away by flight, or what he gave beyond the delegation, you restore any of these by your adjudication; but the rest, which shall seem worthy of forensic magnitude, after the ordinary has been notified, to the governor. And the rest.

dat. v k. iul. tyr valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

dated 27 june at tyre when valentinian and valens, emperors, were consuls.

(365 iun. 27).

(365 June 27).

CTh.1.29.3

Id. aa. probo praefecto praetorio. cum multa pro plebe a nobis studiose statuta sint, nihil providisse nos credidimus, nisi defensores idoneos dederimus. igitur non ex decurionum corpore, sed ex alio, videlicet ex administratoribus, qui vel consulares fuerint administratione vel praesides, aut ex palatinis vel agentibus in rebus vel his, qui principatus culminis vestri vicariorumque gesserunt, vel ex scholasticis huic officio deputentur.

the same emperors to probus, praetorian prefect. since many things on behalf of the plebs have been zealously established by us, we have believed that we have provided nothing, unless we should give suitable defenders. therefore not from the body of the decurions, but from another, namely from administrators who have been either consulars in administration or praesides, or from palatines or agentes in rebus, or from those who have borne the leadership of your high office and of the vicarii, or from scholastics, let persons be deputed to this office.

dat. iii non. nov.

given on the 3rd day before the Nones of November.

valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (368? 370?

valentinian and valens, the augusti, consuls. (368? 370?

373? nov. 3).

373? Nov. 3).

CTh.1.29.4

Theodosian Code 1.29.4

Imppp. valentinianus, valens et gratianus aaa. ad probum praefectum praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, valens, and gratian, augusti, to probus, praetorian prefect.

qui ex schola agentum in rebus sedi culminis vestri munere principatus nostro quodammodo nomine paruerint, inter ceteros honoratos iussione nostra diversarum urbium plebibus constituantur patroni, ita ut, si quos ex his auctoritas tua putaverit eligendos, eadem his tutela mandetur, ab his autem eos repraesentet inmunes. dat. viii id. nov.

those who, from the schola of the agentes in rebus, shall have obeyed the seat of your Eminence by the duty of the principate, as it were in our name, are to be appointed, by our order, as patrons to the peoples of various cities among the other honorati; such that, if your authority judges any of these to be chosen, the same tutelage be entrusted to them, and let your authority certify them as exempt on these grounds. Given on the 8th day before the Ides of November.

treviris valentiniano et valente ii aa. conss. (368 nov. 6).

At Trier, when Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, were consuls for the 2nd time (368 nov. 6).

CTh.1.29.5

Theodosian Code 1.29.5

Idem aaa. ad senatum. utili ratione prospectum est, ut innocens et quieta rusticitas peculiaris patrocinii beneficio fruatur, ne forensis iurgii fraudibus fatigata, etiam cum ultionem posceret, vexaretur; dum aut avarior instruitur advocatus aut obsessor liminis maioribus princeps praemiis exoratur, dum acta ab exceptoribus distrahuntur, dum commodi nomine amplius ab eo qui vicerit intercessor exposcit quam redditurus est ille qui fuerit superatus.

The same emperors to the Senate. It has been provided on sound reasoning that innocent and quiet rusticity should enjoy the benefit of peculiar patronage, lest, wearied by the frauds of forensic wrangling, it be harassed even when it sought requital; while either a more avaricious advocate is coached, or the foremost doorstep-besieger is induced by greater rewards, while the records are sold off by the notaries, while under the name of a “perquisite” the intermediary exacts more from him who has prevailed than the one who has been overcome will render.

hoc fieri dignitas non patitur senatoris, sed exortas contentiones cita definitione compescet; nam erepta perperam amota dilatione restituit ordin....Sine dubio rectoris habeatur auctoritas, quae meliore in bonos condicione retinetur; nam ille patitur humani cruoris horrorem, hic innoxiam sibi vindicat potestatem. dat. iiii id. aug.

this the dignity of a senator does not permit to be done, but it will curb the contentions that have arisen by a prompt definition; for, what has been wrongly snatched away, with delay removed, he restores ordin.... without doubt, let the authority of the governor be held, which is maintained in a better condition toward the good; for that man suffers the horror of human gore, this one claims for himself a guiltless power. given august 10.

hierapoli valentiniano et valente iii aa. conss. (370 aug. 10).

at hierapolis, when Valentinian and Valens, the Augusti, were consuls for the 3rd time (370 aug. 10).

CTh.1.29.6 [=brev.1.10.1]

Imppp. valentin., theodos. et arcad.

The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius.

aaa. eusignio pf. p. hi potissimum constituantur defensores, quos decretis elegerint civitates. quod si quis ad locum defensionis ambitione pervenerit, confestim eum sinceritas tua reiectum quinque libras auri fisci utilitatibus cogat inferre.

AAA. To Eusignius, the Praetorian Prefect. Let those above all be appointed as defenders whom the cities shall have chosen by decrees. But if anyone has attained the place of defense through ambition, let your Sincerity immediately, having rejected him, compel him to pay five pounds of gold to the uses of the fisc.

dat. viii. kal.

given on the 8th day before the Kalends.

feb. post consulatum honorii n. p. et euodii v.C.

Feb. after the consulship of Honorius, most noble youth, and of Evodius, a most distinguished man.

interpretatio. hi instituantur civitatum defensores, quos consensus civium et subscriptio universorum elegisse cognoscitur. quod si quis defensorum ad hanc rem cupiditate propria, non interveniente decreto, pervenisse probabitur, pro hac praesumptione* quinque libras auri fisco inferre cogatur

interpretation. let these be established as defenders of the cities, those whom the consensus of the citizens and the subscription of all are known to have chosen. but if anyone of the defenders shall be proven to have attained this position by his own desire, with no decree intervening, let him be compelled, for this presumption*, to pay to the fisc five pounds of gold.

CTh.1.29.7 [=brev.1.10.2]

Iidem aaa. potamio praefecto augustali. defensores nihil sibi insolenter, nihil indebitum vindicantes, nominis sui tantum fungantur officio: nullas infligant mulctas, nullas exerceant quaestiones.

The same Augusti to Potamius, Augustal prefect. Let the defenders, claiming nothing for themselves insolently, nothing not owed, discharge only the duty of their title: let them impose no fines, let them conduct no interrogations.

plebem tantum vel decuriones ab omni improborum insolentia et temeritate tueantur, et id tantum, quod esse dicuntur, esse non desinant. dat. iii.

let them protect only the plebs or the decurions from every insolence and temerity of the wicked, and let them not cease to be only that which they are said to be. Given on the 3rd.

non. mart. constantinopoli, arcadio a. ii. et rufino v.C. coss.

the nones of march at constantinople, when arcadius, augustus, for the 2nd time, and rufinus, a most distinguished man, were consuls.

interpretatio. defensores secundum suum nomen curiam vel plebem sibi commissam cum omni iustitia et aequitate defendant; nullum de innocentibus aut condemnare aut verberare praesumant

interpretation. defenders, in accordance with their name, should defend the curia or the plebs entrusted to them with all justice and equity; let them not presume either to condemn or to scourge any of the innocent

CTh.1.29.8 [=brev.1.10.3]

Iidem aaa. tatiano pf. p. per omnes regiones, in quibus fera et periculi sui nescia latronum fervet insania, probatissimi quique atque districtissimi defensores adsint disciplinae et quotidianis actibus praesint, qui non sinant crimina impunitate coalescere. removeantur patrocinia, quae favorem reis et auxilium scelerosis impertiendo, maturari scelera fecerunt.

The same Augusti, to Tatianus, Praetorian Prefect: through all regions in which the wild frenzy of brigands, unaware of its own danger, seethes, let the most approved and most strict Defenders be present for discipline and preside over daily proceedings, who do not allow crimes to coalesce by impunity. Let the patronages be removed, which, by imparting favor to defendants and aid to the criminal, have caused crimes to ripen.

dat. v. id. april. constantinopoli, arcadio a. ii. et rufino v.C. coss.

Dated April 9 at Constantinople, when Arcadius Augustus for the 2nd time and Rufinus, a most distinguished man, were consuls.

interpretatio. per omnes provincias tales pro studio disciplinae iudices ordinentur, ut cum omni sollicitudine in reos et latrones, remotis potentum patrociniis, districtionem debitam exercere non differant: ne per negligentiam suam aut venalitatem crimina, quae debent puniri, proficiant

interpretation. throughout all the provinces such judges are to be appointed for the sake of discipline, that, with every solicitude, against the accused and brigands, with the patronages of the powerful removed, they not delay to exercise the due strictness: lest through their own negligence or venality crimes which ought to be punished should advance

CTh.1.30.0. De curatoribus civitatum

CTh.1.30.0. On the curators of cities

CTh.1.31.0. De administratiunculis intra urbem

CTh.1.31.0. On the small administrations within the city

CTh.1.31.1

.......Tuis adnitentibus reformetur. volumus enim eum morem sicut in omnibus etiam in hac administratione durare, quem priscorum virorum providentia consiliumque firmavit neque aliquid, quod ex sollemnitate eius procurationis et honesta consuetudine manarat, invidentium studiis derogari. dat.

.......By your efforts, let it be reformed. For we wish that custom, as in all things, to endure also in this administration, which the providence and counsel of the men of old have confirmed, and that nothing which had emanated from the solemnity of its procuration and from honorable custom be derogated by the zeal of the envious. Given.

iiii k. mart. valentiniano et valente aa. conss. (365?

4 days before the Kalends of March, Valentinian and Valens, Augusti, consuls. (365?

368? 370? 372?

febr. 26).

Feb. 26).

CTh.1.31.2

Theodosian Code 1.31.2

Idem aa. ad olybrium praefectum urbi. vetustate consuetudinis ius titulo addendi aliquid lucelli minusculi intra urbem administrationum officiis fuerat adtributum; sed de cetero omnis haec dandi accipiendique consuetudo desistat, ut omnino de usu id quod vocatur formale tollatur. sit sane in arbitrio dantium, non in potestate accipientium, an aliquid his administrati singulis velint pro sumptuum consideratione largiri.

The same Augusti to Olybrius, Prefect of the City. By the oldness of custom, a right had been attributed to the offices of the administrations within the City, under the title of adding some petty little lucre; but hereafter let all this custom of giving and receiving cease, so that that which is called the formale be altogether removed from use. Let it indeed be in the discretion of the givers, not in the power of the recipients, whether they wish to bestow anything upon each of these administrators in consideration of expenses.

quod si quemquam hac causa dedisse aliquid invitum nec ad iudicium detulisse constiterit, publica continuo severitas non minus in dantem quam in accipientem vehemens exeratur. dat. prid.

But if it be established that anyone for this cause has given something unwillingly and has not brought it to judgment, let public severity be exercised immediately, vehement no less against the giver than against the receiver. Given, the day before.

non. april. treviris valentiniano et valente aa. conss.

on the nones of april, at trier, when valentinian and valens, emperors, were consuls.

(368? 370? apr.

(368? 370? Apr.

4).

CTh.1.32.0. De procuratoribus gynaecei et metallorum

CTh.1.32.0. On the procurators of the gynaeceum and of the mines

CTh.1.32.1

Codex Theodosianus 1.32.1

Imp. constantinus a. ad felicem. procuratores rei privatae bafii et gynaecei, per quos et privata nostra substantia tenuatur et species in gynaeceis confectae conrumpuntur, in bafiis etiam admixta temeratio inquinatae naevum adluvionis adducit, suffragiis, per quae memoratas administrationes adipiscuntur, abstineant vel si contra hoc fecerint, numero civium romanorum exempti gladio feriantur.

The emperor Constantine Augustus to Felix. Let the procurators of the baphium and the gynaeceum of the Private Estate, through whom both our private substance is attenuated and the wares fashioned in the gynaecea are corrupted—and in the baphia, moreover, a mixed rashness brings on the blemish of befouled washing—abstain from suffrages, by which they obtain the aforementioned administrations; or, if they act contrary to this, removed from the number of Roman citizens, let them be struck by the sword.

dat. ... k. nov. aquileiae dalmatio et zenofilo conss.

dated ... on the Kalends of November at Aquileia, with Dalmatius and Zenophilus as consuls.

(333 oct. nov.).

CTh.1.32.2

Imppp. valens, gratianus et valentinianus aaa. ad hesperium proconsulem africae.

emperors valens, gratian, and valentinian, augusti, to hesperius, proconsul of africa.

officiis rerum salutisque volumus propositum esse discrimen, quod non ambigant per se domus nostrae compensanda esse dispendia, nisi eiusmodi fideiussoribus datis administratores admiserint, quorum sint idoneae facultates, ad quas facto recursu iacturam declinare possumus, si quid in detrimentum rei privatae nostrae administratorum fraus et avaritia conmiserint. dat. viii id. iul.

We wish a distinction to be set forth for the offices concerned with property and with safety, namely this: that they should not doubt that the losses of our household must be compensated by themselves, unless they have admitted administrators after guarantors of such a kind have been provided, whose resources are adequate, to which, with recourse made, we can avert the loss, if the fraud and greed of administrators should have committed anything to the detriment of our private estate. Given July 8.

treviris p. c. valentis v et valentiniani aa. (377 iul. 8).

at trier in the consulship of valens 5 and of valentinian, emperors. (377 july 8).

CTh.1.32.3pr.

CTh.1.32.3, preface.

Idem aaa. ad eucherium comitem sacrarum largitionum. quicumque in largitionibus nostris quocumque nomine atque apparitiones procurans nanctus fuerit administrationem ratiociniis obnoxiam, primum maxime idoneis satisdatoribus datis adfectatum munus incipiat; deinde abiens intra triginta dies in his thesauris, qui negotii sunt minoris, intra quinquaginta autem in his, qui maiorum sunt, chartas et ratiocinia cuncta restituat; plane conscriptum susceptoribus tradat, quid susceperit, quid erogaverit, quid in thesauris conditum maneat.

The same Augusti to Eucherius, count of the sacred largesses. Whoever in our Largesses, under whatever title, and overseeing the apparitors, shall have obtained an administration subject to accounts, let him first begin the coveted office with the most suitable sureties furnished; then, upon departing, within 30 days in those treasuries which are of lesser business, but within 50 in those which are of greater, let him restore all papers and accounts; clearly, let him hand over in writing to the receivers what he has received, what he has expended, and what remains stored in the treasuries.

(377 mart. 29).

(377 March 29).

CTh.1.32.3.1

Theodosian Code 1.32.3.1

Quamvis autem ilico tradi suscepta conveniat, tamen quoniam quibusdam casibus po....Scriptum et pecuniam minorem intra triginta dies, cetera intra quattuor menses, quae in conditis esse oportet, successori, qui advenerit, adnumerari conveniet. quod si tantulum aliquid repperietur etiam per eum, qui decedit, fuisse dilatum, specie honoris exactus exauctoratusque omni pristina dignitate verberum supplicia digna et pro moribus tormenta sustineat, eo usque deformia et pudenda passurus, donec omnis integritas largitionum nostrarum conditis inferatur. (377 mart.

Although, however, it is fitting that the things undertaken be handed over immediately, nevertheless, since in certain cases po....Scriptum and the written record and the lesser cash within thirty days, the rest within four months, which ought to be in the depositories, should be counted out to the successor who shall have arrived, it will be proper. But if even the tiniest thing is found to have been deferred through the agency of him who departs, under a pretext of honor, having been exacted and stripped of all former dignity, let him endure punishments of beatings and torments proportioned to his conduct, about to suffer disgraces and shames to such an extent until the full integrity of our largesses is brought into the depositories. (377 mart.

29).

CTh.1.32.3.2

Quae condicio ad procuratores textrinorum et monetariorum et vectigalium praepositos pertinebit. dat. iiii kal.

Which condition will pertain to the procurators of the weaving establishments and of the mint-workers and to those set over the revenues. given on the 4th day before the Kalends.

april. treviris gratiano a. iiii et merobaude conss. (377 mart.

april. at trier, under gratian augustus, for the 4th time, and merobaudes, consuls. (377 march.

29).

CTh.1.32.4

Theodosian Code.1.32.4

Impp. gratianus, valentinianus et theodosius aaa. ad arborium comitem.

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius, Augusti, to Arborius, Count.

qui ex apparitione palatina tuae sinceritatis actibus obsecundant, in speculis esse curabunt, ubi quis eam administrationem, quae praede indiget, sortietur, nequaquam sponsorem decurionem offerens audiatur. dat. v non.

Those who from the Palatine apparitorial staff second the acts of your Sincerity will take care to be on watch, whenever someone is allotted that administration which requires a surety, that he by no means be heard if he offers a decurion as sponsor. Given on the 5 Nones.

mai. auxonio et olybrio conss. (379 mai.

may. auxonius and olybrius, consuls. (379 may.

3).

CTh.1.32.5

Theodosian Code 1.32.5

Idem aaa. ad eusignium praefectum praetorio. cum procuratores metallorum intra macedoniam daciam mediterraneam moesiam seu dardaniam soliti ex curialibus ordinari, per quos sollemnis profligetur exactio, simulato hostili metu huic se necessitati subtraxerint, ad implendum munus retrahantur ac nulli deinceps licentia laxetur prius indebitas expetere dignitates, quam subeundam procurationem fideli sollertique exactione compleverint.

The same Emperors to Eusignius, Praetorian Prefect. Since the procurators of the mines within Macedonia, Dacia Mediterranea, Moesia, or Dardania, who are wont to be appointed from the curial class, through whom the solemn exaction is brought to completion, have withdrawn themselves from this necessity under a feigned fear of the enemy, let them be drawn back to fulfill the munus; and thereafter let license be granted to no one to seek unowed dignities before they have undertaken the procuratorship and completed the collection with faithful and skillful exaction.

dat. iiii k. aug. mediolano honorio n. p. et evodio v. c. conss.

given on the 4th day before the kalends of august at milan, in the consulship of honorius n. p. and evodius v. c., consuls.

(386 iul. 29).

(386 July 29).

CTh.1.32.6

Theodosian Code 1.32.6

Imppp. valentinianus, theodosius et arcadius aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio.

the emperors valentinian, theodosius, and arcadius, the augusti, to cynegius, praetorian prefect

procuratores nostri perfectissimatus honore donati ab iniuriis vindicentur, ita ut his et introeundi secretarium ordinariorum iudicum pro suggestionum opportunitate facultas plena servetur. dat. prid.

Let our procurators, endowed with the honor of the perfectissimatus, be vindicated from injuries, such that for them also the full faculty be preserved of entering the secretarium of the ordinary judges, for the opportunity of suggestions. Given, the day before.

k. ian. thessalonica valentiniano a. iii et eutropio conss. (387 dec.

On the Kalends of January, at Thessalonica, under Valentinian Augustus for the 3rd time and Eutropius, consuls. (387 dec.

31).

CTh.1.32.7

Theodosian Code 1.32.7

Id. aaa. cynegio praefecto praetorio. nec consuetudinis putamus esse nec legis alicuius, ut procuratores domorum nostrarum vocentur ad instaurationem operum publicorum.

The same, the three Augusti, to Cynegius, praetorian prefect. We consider it to belong neither to custom nor to any law, that the procurators of our houses be summoned to the restoration of public works.

proposita beryto theodosio a. ii et cynegio v. c. conss. (388 ....).

published at Berytus, in the consulship of Theodosius Augustus 2 and of Cynegius, a most distinguished man, consuls. (388 ....).

CTh.1.33.0. De primiceriis

CTh.1.33.0. On the primicerii

CTh.1.34.0. De adsessoribus, domesticis et cancellariis

CTh.1.34.0. On assessors, domestics, and chancellors

CTh.1.34.1

Impp. arcadius et honorius aa. caesario praefecto praetorio. si qui iudicum vel cives eius provinciae, quam regit, vel certe peregrinos consiliarium sibi voluerit adsciscere, tantum quattuor sibi menses ad retinendum eum, quem ex eadem provincia sumpserit, tributos esse cognoscat, donec ab aliis evocatum locis suis actibus adhibuerit, ita ut emensis quattuor mensibus crimini detur, si quis ultra hoc tempus consiliarium crediderit retinendum.

The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, Augusti, to Caesarius, Praetorian Prefect. If any judge, or a citizen of that province which he governs, or indeed a peregrine, should wish to adscribe to himself a consiliary (counselor), let him know that only four months have been granted to him for retaining the person whom he has taken from that same province, until he shall have employed, for his own proceedings, one summoned from elsewhere; with the result that, when four months have elapsed, it is imputed as a crime if anyone should think a consiliary ought to be retained beyond this time.

dat. vi id. dec. constantinopoli stilicone et aureliano conss.

dated December 8 at Constantinople, in the consulship of Stilicho and Aurelian, consuls.

(400 [396/7] dec. 8).

(400 [396/7] Dec. 8).

CTh.1.34.2 [=brev.1.11.1]

Impp. honor. et theodos.

The emperors Honorius and Theodosius.

aa. eustathio pf. p. post alia: velut castrense peculium filiifamilias assessores post patris obitum vindicent, qui consiliis propriis administratores iuvare consueverunt, si quid licitis honestisque lucris coadunare potuerint. dat. x. kal.

The Emperors to Eustathius, Praetorian Prefect, after other matters: just as the castrense peculium of a filiusfamilias, let assessors—who by their own counsels are accustomed to aid administrators—claim, after the father’s death, whatever they have been able to gather by licit and honorable profits. Given on the 10th day before the Kalends.

april. constantinopoli, dd. nn. honorio xiii. et theodos.

april. at constantinople, our lords honorius 13 and theodosius.

x. aa. coss.

10. the Augusti, consuls.

interpretatio. si quis vivo patre cuiuscumque* iudicis consilio adhaeserit, quicquid ex iustis et bonis causis acquisierit, hoc sibi sic vindicat, sicut et ille filius, qui aliquid vivo patre in armis constitutus acceperit

interpretation. if anyone, with his father alive, shall have adhered by the counsel of whatever* judge, whatever he has acquired from just and good causes, he thus claims this for himself, just as also that son who, with his father alive, being established in arms, shall have received something

CTh.1.34.3 [=brev.1.11.2]

Theodosian Code 1.34.3 [=Breviary 1.11.2]

Iidem aa. asclepiodoto pf. p. nullus iudicum ad provinciam sibi commissam quemquam secum ducere audeat, cui domestici vel cancellarii nomen imponat, nec profectum ad se undecumque* suscipiat, ne famae nota cum bonorum publicatione plectatur. periculo enim primatum officii, cancellarios sub fide gestorum electos iudicibus applicari iubemus, ita ut post depositam administrationem per continuum triennium nec militiam deserant, et provincialibus praesentiam sui exhibeant, quo volentibus sit accusandi eos facilitas. si enim idonea causa exegerit, ad detegenda iudicis flagitia et quaestioni eos subdi oportet etc.

The same Augusti to Asclepiodotus, Praetorian Prefect. Let none of the judges to whom a province has been committed dare to lead anyone with him, upon whom he imposes the name of domestic or chancellor, nor let him receive one who has set out to him from wherever*, lest he be punished with a mark upon his reputation together with the publication of his goods. For at the peril of the chiefs of the office, we order that chancellors, chosen under the faith of the records (gesta), be attached to the judges, such that, after the administration has been laid down, for a continuous three-year period they neither desert the service, and that they exhibit their presence to the provincials, so that there may be facility for those who wish to accuse them. For if a suitable cause shall require, they ought to be subjected to inquiry (quaestio) for the uncovering of the judge’s shameful deeds, etc.

dat. pridie kal. iun.

dated, the day before the kalends of june.

constantinopoli, asclepiodoto et mariniano vv. cc. coss.

At Constantinople, Asclepiodotus and Marinianus, most distinguished men, consuls.

interpretatio. omnes iudices evidenter agnoscant, nullum in provinciam sibi commissam, de eadem, de qua venit, provincia vel alia regione, sibi cancellarium aut domesticum fortasse coniungere, nisi qui ei publice fuerit civium electione deputatus. ita ut postquam fuerit iudex ille remotus, is qui consiliarii vel domestici gessit officium, triennium sub alio iudice de provincia non discedat, ut, si quis accusator fortasse exstiterit, reddat accusantibus rationem. et si forte facta iudicis celare usquequaque voluerit, subdatur publicae quaestioni

interpretation. let all judges plainly recognize that no one in the province entrusted to them, from the same province from which he came or from another region, may perhaps attach to himself a chancellor or a domestic, unless he shall have been publicly assigned to him by the election of the citizens. so that, after that judge has been removed, he who has borne the office of counselor or domestic shall not depart from the province for three years under another judge, in order that, if perhaps any accuser should arise, he may render an account to the accusers. and if by chance he should wish in every way to conceal the deeds of the judge, let him be subjected to public inquest